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Wiktionary talk:Votes/pl-2010-03/Including particular individuals

Particular individuals?
I don't understand. Unlike Wikipedia, we don't include individuals, nor things, nor animals, nor places, etc., we only include words. If something can be considered as a word, it should be included, whatever its meaning. Of course, placenames, surnames, etc. created by an obscure writer for an obscure fiction work, should be excluded, because they cannot be considered as real words of the language. But names should be included when they can be considered as words of the language: real surnames or names (when they are a word: Churchill, Confucius, Pericles, La Fayette..., but Winston Churchill is 2 words), and fictional names when they are important enough in the cultural background of language speakers to be considered as having entered the language (e.g. Batman).

I don't understand the space-free criterion either. It's normally easy to make the difference between what is a word, even if it includes spaces (e.g. New York) and what is composed of several words (e.g. Winston Churchill).

Actually, CFI implicitly assume that proper nouns are excluded by default, except when there is a particular reason to include them. While this is the principle adpted by most paper dictionaries (and they have reasons to do so), this means that linguistic data (especially pronunciation) about proper nouns are often difficult to find, and I think that their inclusion here is a major added value of the project. Lmaltier 22:43, 1 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Wiktionary currently does include sense-lines or definition lines for some particular individuals. Wiktionary includes not only words as syntactic entities but also their senses, semantic entities. Alongside concept senses or class senses, Wiktionary also includes some particular individuals as senses of certain proper nouns. The proposal makes an explicit allowance for inclusion of sense-lines or definition lines of two rather narrow groups of particular individuals.
 * Some particular human individuals who right now do have a dedicated sense-line or definition line in Wiktionary:
 * Aeschylus - A Greek dramatic poet (525 BC - 456 BC); Aeschylus was the earliest of the three greatest Greek tragedians.
 * Anaxagoras - An ancient Greek philosopher (c. 500 BC – 428 BC) from Clazomenae, who is famous for introducing the cosmological concept of Nous (mind), as an ordering force.
 * Aristotle - An ancient Greek philosopher (382–322 BC), student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great.
 * Churchill - Winston Churchill, English statesman and author.
 * Confucius - Western name of Kong Qiu (孔丘), an influential Chinese philosopher who lived 551 BCE – 479 BCE.
 * Darwin - Charles Darwin (1809–1882), British naturalist and founder of the theory of evolution by natural selection.
 * Democritus - A Greek philosopher (c.460-c.370 BC). The originator of the atomic theory together with his teacher Leucippus.
 * Einstein - Albert Einstein, the world-famous 20th Century theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity.
 * Euripides - A Greek tragedian (c. 480–406 BCE); Euripides was the last of the three great tragedians of classical Athens.
 * Galileo - Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), an Italian thinker and key figure in the scientific revolution who improved the telescope, made astronomical observations, and put forward the basic principle of relativity in physics.
 * Goethe - Johann Wolfgang Goethe, a German writer
 * Hippocrates - A Greek physician, circa 5th century BC, sometimes called the "father of medicine."
 * Hitler - German Chancellor between 1928 and 1945 - sent for verification
 * Keats - John Keats, English poet.
 * Lenin - Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, a Russian revolutionary and politician.
 * Leonardo - Leonardo da Vinci, Italian polymath.
 * Mao Zedong - A revolutionary leader, particularly a communist, socialist, or major reformist. Sometimes used figuratively in non-political contexts.
 * Marx - Karl Marx - should be expanded
 * Michelangelo - A 15th and 16th century Italian artist, full name Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni
 * Newton - Sir Isaac Newton, English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, alchemist, and natural philosopher
 * Parmenides - An Ancient Greek philosopher born in Elea, in southern Italy. Founder of the Eleatic school of philosophy.
 * Pericles - A Greek politician that lived during the ancient and the classical times. - sent for verification
 * Plato - Greek philosopher, 427-347 BC, follower of Socrates.
 * Pythagoras - An Ancient Greek mathematician and philosopher
 * Socrates - A Classical Greek philosopher.
 * Sophocles - A Greek dramatic poet (ca.495 BC – 406 BC); Sophocles was one of the three greatest Greek tragedians.
 * Stalin - Joseph Stalin, Bolshevik revolutionary
 * Xenocrates - An Ancient Greek philosopher, mathematician, and the second leader (scholarch) of the Platonic Academy from 339 to 314 BCE.
 * Xenophanes - A Greek given name; most often used in reference to the pre-Socratic philosopher Xenophanes of Colophon. By extension, a profound or transformative religious thinker.
 * Xenophon - Athenian historian and philosopher born 427 BCE and author of the Anabasis and Memorabilia. He was a pupil of Socrates and became a general during the Persian wars.
 * Xerxes - several kings
 * Zoilus - An ancient Greek rhetorician, philosopher, who harshly criticized Homer's poems.
 * --Dan Polansky 10:48, 3 March 2010 (UTC)

I think that defining these names as the names of particular individuals in normal in most of above cases, except for Churchill, Darwin, Goethe, Hitler, Keats, Marx, Newton, as they simply are surnames, and thus shared by nature by many people (just as the noun dog is shared by all dogs, while Snoopy is only the name of a particular individual, and therefore a real proper noun). The case of Mao Zedong is special, I'm not sure. I am open to your proposal in the case of surnames with derived words (the linguistic interest of including the individual as a definition line being linked to these derived words, not to notability), but the most important thing is that CFI must allow the inclusion of all words, whatever their use (attributive or not), including Confucius, Churchill, Paris, Long Island, Nile or New York, with their actual meaning. I'm against any mention of an attibutive use as aa criterion, first because this criterion is much too language-specific, and because any person or place name may be used attributively in English. Lmaltier 12:44, 7 March 2010 (UTC)
 * If you think that any personal name can be used attributively in English, try finding attributive uses for "Socrates" and "Plato"; I have failed.
 * I think that even with my proposals accepted the stated inclusion rules of CFI are going to be overexclusive in the main, while possibly overinclusive in some segments. That is why I have emphasized the unability of the new inclusion rules to exclude anything. But as long as the proposal is unaccepted, the only rule governing the inclusion of particular individuals is the attributive-use one, so all the guys you want to get included get excluded by DCDuring invoking the attributive-use rule. You may keep invoking that you want "all words in all languages", but that has so far convinced only few as an argument for including sense lines for "Socrates" and "Plato", and the simplistic slogan nature of the phrase is apparent, as we include proverbs, which are not words if you ask me, and neither are the letters of Greek alphabet words.
 * Try proposing a specific formulation for inclusion of a sense-line of a particular individual that you would like to see in CFI. Recall that the formulation has to deal with sense-lines rather than merely with entry headwords, so "a name should be included if ..." does not address the inclusion of sense-lines. --Dan Polansky 13:51, 7 March 2010 (UTC)

I have added a few items to the list. --Dan Polansky 11:43, 9 April 2010 (UTC)

One item added. --Dan Polansky 14:16, 16 September 2010 (UTC)

Two items added. --Dan Polansky 08:57, 17 November 2010 (UTC)

What does including specific individuals accomplish?
Really, what would be gained by this? The definition would just be encyclopedic, there would be no etymology, the pronunciation and translations would be the same of the given name/surname's pronunciation and translations, there obviously can't be any usage notes, synonyms, or antonyms. How do these fit into a dictionary, and what could be useful about this addition? --Yair rand 00:19, 2 March 2010 (UTC)
 * I agree if you think to Churchill, etc. as particular individuals. In most cases, they should not be included as separate senses in a language dictionary (there may be exceptions when it's useful from a linguistic point of view, and the proposal might help to deal with such exceptions). But your arguments don't apply to Pericles, Confucius, etc. Lmaltier 06:31, 2 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Actually, I'm surprised that Pericles and Confucius don't have name senses. They are names, correct? Regardless of whether they're still used, or whether they work in the current standard of given name/surname, they are still names. --Yair rand 07:28, 2 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Was Confucius ever anyone's given name? Maybe 孔夫 (or something) was, but I don't know if Confucius ever was. I don't know if it deserves a given-name entry. (Recall that we don't include transliterations.) That said, it is the name (not in the given-name sense of name but in the sense that butter is the name of butter) of a specific individual. — msh210 ℠ 16:59, 2 March 2010 (UTC)
 * They are names, but they don't belong to any existing POS here, except proper nouns. Lmaltier 20:17, 2 March 2010 (UTC)
 * I'm finding a lot of GB hits for "Confucius"+some common surnames, and for "Pericles" followed by various surnames, so I'm assuming that they are correct given names used in English. --Yair rand 23:16, 2 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Then, I was wrong, they should be added. But the usual meanings should be kept. Lmaltier 06:29, 3 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Why? Any pronunciation, translations, or etymology would be identical. What would be the point of adding senses to name entries referring to specific people with that name? Any name can be used to refer to a specific individual with that name. Why should names of famous people be considered separate senses? --Yair rand 06:49, 3 March 2010 (UTC)
 * The aim of the proposal is to include some meanings of proper nouns, as dictionaries are good with meanings. I for one want to see under "Confucius" something like the current "Western name of Kong Qiu (孔丘), an influential Chinese philosopher who lived 551 BCE – 479 BCE", as that is the meaning of the term "Confucius" in most of the uses of the term, and a dictionary is above all supposed to contain meanings of terms, answering the questions of the form "What the heck is Confucius?", but not "What is the biography and most important works of Confucius?". --Dan Polansky 08:45, 3 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Confucius is a name. Period. It can refer to anyone named Confucius, just as Dan can refer to anyone by that name. We don't need to list off the people who happen to hold that name, as it accomplishes nothing useful that a dictionary is supposed to accomplish. If someone wants to find out which particularly famous people happen to hold that name, they should go to Wikipedia, not here. The answer to "What the heck is Confucius?" is what we currently have as the second sense: a male given name. Obama might happen to be most commonly used in reference to Barack Obama, but that doesn't mean that the word itself has been changed or given further meaning. --Yair rand 08:55, 3 March 2010 (UTC)
 * The term "Confucius" refers in most of its uses to a particular philosopher, and that is even more true of "Confucian", which should not be defined as "Of or related to an individual with the given name 'Confucius'". That is, "Confucian" and "Confucianism" should refer to the particular individual, which should thereby get included under "Confucius". There are significant differences between "Confucius" and "Dan" captured in the proposed inclusion criteria: there is no "Danian" philosophy and no "Danism", or so I hope. I think that "given name" is an inadequate answer to the question "What is Confucius". We can give more useful answer to the question "What is Confucius" without turning Wiktionary into a broadly biographical dictionary. Given we refer to a particular individual in an adjective, we may allow the inclusion of the very same individual under his name.--Dan Polansky 09:12, 3 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Put differently, the proposed action 2 prevents that a particular individual is referred to in an adjective, but not under his own name. It does not increase the total number of particular individuals referred to in Wiktionary; it only ensures that the individuals are referred to in both adjectives and their names. --Dan Polansky 09:29, 3 March 2010 (UTC)

The meaning of Confucius as an individual should be kept, not because this name generally refers to him (this is not a good reason, I think), but because it's the normal, original meaning. This word was created for him. The fact that it's sometimes used as a given name should not be a reason to exclude this meaning. It's the same for Adam and many other names. On the other hand, Winston Churchill just got his surname from his parents. This fact is not of a linguistic nature at all. Lmaltier 17:05, 3 March 2010 (UTC)

An etymology may refer to both a specific person and to their name. So, for example, Kafkaesque may refer to an article about the person of Franz Kafka (which already exists in Wikipedia), and an entry about his family name, Kafka (which is already allowed by CFI#Given and family names). Dictionary entries are about terms, including names, but not about people. Adding a “people entry” only dilutes the Wikisphere by creating an additional, content-poor node. —Michael Z. 2010-03-05 00:42 z

 * "An English given name" actually means two different things: 1. The name of an English-speaking person, recorded on his birth certificate; 2. the English term for a foreign historical person whose real name was something quite different. Some names are both (Alexander, Theodore), but when the name mainly refers to non-English, historical persons, it should be mentioned. I've been adding "of mostly historical use", or usage notes to such names. When it mainly refers to one individual, with recorded attributive use, a separate definition is correct. We have definitions for given names as biblical/mythological/fictional characters, but a template and category for historical persons has long been missing. I'm not sure if Dan Polansky's solution is the best one, but the problem does exist, Dan didn't make it up.

 * However, defining people by their actual surnames or given names ( Elvis ) has always seemed wrong to me. Churchill already means everybody named Churchill, why repeat it? Wouldn't it be enough to define it as "A surname, notably of the British statesman w:Winston Churchill", or add a usage note? When the name and the famous person are both German, such as Goethe, shouldn't the definition be in the German section?

 * Searching b.g.c. for Confucius Smith I got 58 hits of the type "in contrast to Confucius, Smith says". It's better to use websites like Ancestry.com ( advanced search, exact match).--Makaokalani 17:19, 5 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Responding to the example of "Churchill": the term "Churchillian" refers to Winston Churchill, and that should be made clear by a general dictionary in the entry for "Churchillian" rather than defining "Churchillian" as "of or related to any person with the surname 'Churchill'. And when a particular person is in this way included in the adjective, he or she should IMHO also be included in the surname--here "Churchill", as the existence of the adjective used in this way makes it highly likely that the surname has entered lexicon as standing for that particular person, apart from being a generic surname. That is as concerns the proposed action 2--inclusion by adjective. As regards the proposed action 3--inclusion by figurativeness: if someone writes "the Churchill of Poland" (I don't know who that might be, anyway), I want a general dictionary to help to decode the text, which the definition of "Churchill" as "surname" does not achieve, while an encyclopedic article for "Churchill" is unneeded for decoding "the Churchill of Poland". --Dan Polansky 18:56, 5 March 2010 (UTC)

 * “The Churchill of Poland” is an encyclopedic reference, not the use of a word in the English language. As evidence, I offer “the Winston Churchill of Poland,” which carries the identical meaning. Most such usages are meaningless to anyone that doesn't have some familiarity of with the specific details of the subject's life. We could just as well say “the Dan Polansky of Arabic Wiktionary” to compare some person to you personally, rather than invoke some widely-understood meaning of your name. —Michael Z. 2010-03-05 21:07 z
 * I agree with you, this is a general rule of the language, not worth definition lines (a link to Wikipedia in See also is more appropriate). I would prefer a proposal accepting all words, including proper nouns when they can be called words, and excluding definitions defining particular persons except when this is the normal definition (e.g. for Confucius), but excluding the inclusion of encyclopedic data such as birthdates in the definition in such cases. Words should be addressed linguistically. I'm convinced that such a simple proposal could be adopted. Lmaltier 07:35, 6 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Mzajac, I think you are asking a different question from that which I am asking when considering the inclusion of a sense line or a definition line. You ask, is it encyclopedic? I ask, does it help decoding and encoding while fitting into the dictionary format?
 * I think it only proper that Wiktionary becomes what is sometimes called "encyclopedic dictionary" rather than purely philological dictionary or language dictionary, as long as it only contains definitions of senses and identification of particular individuals including places rather than containing facts about the individuals and subjects that go beyond their identification. By identification I mean a short, one-sentence answer to the question "what is it". An example of encyclopedic dictionary is the Century Dictionary, which I am using as a source of etymologies. Inclusion of pictures and images is typical of an encyclopedic dictionary rather than a purely language or philological one, as is the extensive inclusion of Latin names of species.
 * I find it inacceptable if Wiktionary excludes "Nile", or if it fails to define its meaning as the particular river, regardless of whether "Nile" is used attributively or not. I find it insufficient for Wiktionary to define "Nile" only as "a geographic name". While this does not directly bear on my current proposal, this requirement of including "Nile" makes it impossible to make Wiktionary a purely language or philological dictionary, as does the requirement of including pictures and names of species, genera and other taxonomic entities. I find the requirement of non-encyclopedic purity of Wiktionary undesirable on the whole. Instead, Wiktionary should be designed with the practical concern of helping decoding and encoding. --Dan Polansky 11:41, 6 March 2010 (UTC)
 * I fully agree that we have to define what the word Nile refers to. But this does not make Wiktionary an encyclopedic dictionary. We should not become an encyclopedic dictionary (a typical example of an encyclopedic dictionary, with both linguistic and encyclopedic data, is Petit Larousse for French, the part dedicated to proper nouns being almost 100% encyclopedic (unfortunately)). The definition explaining what a word means is a part common to a language dictionary and an encyclopedia (in my opinion, this should be the only common part). Refusing to mention where the river named Nile is would be like refusing to define cat more than an animal. Readers should be able to understand what a word means by reading its definition. Lmaltier 15:57, 6 March 2010 (UTC)

 * I'd like to see names included for their onomastic and etymological value. Of course in such entries the object of a name would have to be identified.

 * But I am absolutely against making this in any way an “encyclopedic dictionary.” This category of reference was invented purely for marketing reasons, to make a dictionary more convenient and appealing to those who couldn't afford to buy a set of encyclopedias. “Encyclopedic” content is not dictionary content, and every iota of energy put into it waters down the dictionary and inadequately duplicates the efforts of Wikipedia editors. Do we think that adding thousands of inane entries like Daisy Duck (“The girlfriend of Donald Duck”) gives anyone insight into language? Adding “encyclopedic” content makes the dictionary worse.

 * I very much want to include these kinds of names, but I won't support any proposal unless it makes absolutely clear that we would include only entries of lexicographical value, and omit any kind of “encyclopedic” appendages. —Michael Z. 2010-03-06 17:17 z

 * Sorry, I forgot an important not. I agree with you. No, we should not become an encyclopedic dictionary. What makes a dictionary encyclopedic is either the contents of entries, or the fact of accepting entries which are not words (such as Winston Churchill or List of counties in Indiana). If we limit entries to words, and exclude encyclopedic contents (except the definitions, of course), there is no problem. Lmaltier 17:26, 6 March 2010 (UTC)
 * (unindent) Lmaltier, I think you are using a different concept of "encyclopedic dictionary" than I am. The concept of "encyclopedic dictionary" that I am using is the one used by the article "Dictionary" in Encyclopedia Britannica, 1911, and exemplified by Century Dictionary, 1911. What I am saying is that non-encyclopedic purism in Wiktionary is mistaken, and that at least some particular individuals should be given as dedicated senses in Wiktionary.
 * I think that "encyclopedic" is a vague term that poorly delineates what should and what should not appear in a general dictionary. I think the primary function of a general dictionary should be to help decode and encode, be it between a language and mentalese, or be it between two languages; I deem etymology and pronunciation to be secondary features of a dictionary. And it is the decoding value of giving senses to certain particular individuals that is indisputable, especially if the individuals are listed not merely with purely encyclopedic information such as exact birthdates are but are listed with these features and qualities of these individuals that are likely to be invoked whenever the individual is invoked figuratively, meaning non-literally, and that assign the individuals to broad classes of individuals such as "philosopher" or "poet".
 * Mzajac, re "Of course in such entries the object of a name would have to be identified" - that is one of the main stakes in this vote: whether senses for particular objects or individuals should be allowed in such entries as "Democritus", "Socrates", "Plato", "Pericles" or "Xenophanes", or whether "Xenophanes" is either omitted altogether or defined merely as "given name". Some people were applying the current CFI in such a way that if "Plato" cannot be demonstrated to be used attributively in the grammatical sense of "attributive", the sense for the particular Greek individual should be omitted, which to me seems wholly undesirable.
 * Re "... and omit any kind of “encyclopedic”". There is nothing perfectly clear and unambiguous about "lexicographical value" and "encyclopedic value", to me anyway. I understand that some facts are clearly only-encyclopedic in that they do not help decoding and encoding; examples include exact dates of birth, lists of works of authors, or extensive, several-paragraph information about geographic entities. I understand "decoding value" and "encoding value". The requirement of omitting any and every trace of what may be called encyclopedic is what I call non-encyclopedic purism, and I am strongly opposed to it. --Dan Polansky 11:04, 7 March 2010 (UTC)

 * It is a dictionary. Its function is lexicography lexicology : at the core, to define words, in a language. (Although this one incorporates many other functions. It's not just a general dictionary – it's many dictionaries: technical, translating, learners', etymological, historical, etc.)

 * But it is too much of a stretch to include every figurative nuance or metaphor ever invoked by a word, every person ever identified by a name, or every gesture, facial expression or grunt, every expression of body language or interpretive dance. These are not universal attributes of words, not common to them in some language, but specific instances of expression. I may have used john a 100 times with 100 shades of meaning, or John to refer to 100 individuals, but these don't belong in the dictionary. —Michael Z. 2010-03-07 17:18 z
 * The function of dictionary is not lexicography: lexicography is the art and science of building dictionaries, and the function of dictionary is not the art of science of building dictionaries. At some point, you are going to enlighten us with the discovery that the sleeping effect of opium is caused by a dormitive principle. --Dan Polansky 08:43, 13 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Awesome, you spotted my boo-boo. Corrected. Nothing wrong with my argument, then? —Michael Z. 2010-03-13 19:41 z
 * "The function of dictonary is lexicology" is as broken as your previous attempt, as it gets rendered as "The function of dictionary is the part of linguistics that studies words, their nature and meaning, ...". Actually, "lexicography" comes closer to "dictionary" than "lexicology". The relation between "dictionary" and "lexicography" lies in the opposite direction: lexicography's function is to make and study the making of language dictionaries. --Dan Polansky 09:29, 19 March 2010 (UTC)

 * You nailed it: this project is about “words, their nature and meaning,” not about people or places. The dictionary is not a biographical who's who, a gazetteer listing, or an atlas of minimaps. —Michael Z. 2010-03-19 15:44 z

Space-free
Why space-free? This would leave out, for example, de Sade, and favour Jeff VanderMeer over Simon van der Meer for no reason that I can think of. —Michael Z. 2010-03-05 00:27 z
 * The proposed rules have no power of excluding anything that would otherwise be included; they state new conditions that are sufficient for inclusion of sense-lines. The requirement of space-freeness makes the rules tighter, and thus hopefully more acceptable to those voters who are afraid of including too much into Wiktionary. If the community of editors wishes to accept the proposed inclusion rules not only in their current reading but even without the "space-free" requirement, it can do so in another vote, whose drafting will be particularly easy: "remove 'space-free' from the sentence so-and-so'. --Dan Polansky 08:42, 5 March 2010 (UTC)

Figuratively
I'm unclear on the specifics. This needs some examples that would pass and fail under this criterion. Does “figuratively” include “metaphorically?” —Michael Z. 2010-03-05 00:44 z
 * Figuratively includes metaphorically, as metaphor is one of figures, together with metonymy, synecdoche, and others. --Dan Polansky 08:20, 5 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Can you illustrate this by examples? —Michael Z. 2010-03-05 18:40 z

Attributive use
I have trouble with this proposal, in addition to my concerns about welcoming encyclopedic content. This proposal both adds to the “attributive-use” rule and is partly defined by it, as “an analogue of the preexisting rule of attributive use.” The problem is that the current attributive-use rule is poorly defined and controversial.

“A name should be included if it is used attributively, with a widely understood meaning”

I infer the rule's intent as encouraging the inclusion of words which have a widely understood meaning independent of specific knowledge of their eponym. For example, including casanova, because it is used by people who have never heard of Giovanni Jacopo Casanova. But this rule is being used, misused in my opinion, to include thousands of entries like Snoopy, Wookiee, Yoda, etc.

I find it hard to support any supplement to the attributive-use rule while that rule remains unclear and controversial. —Michael Z. 2010-03-06 19:10 z
 * You are responding not to the body text of the proposal or the "Voting on" part, but to a note on the proposal. The clarity of the proposed rules is independent of the clarity of the attributive-use rule. The vote contains a specific statement of new rules. That statement in no way depends on the attributive-use rule.
 * I understand that you are likely to oppose this proposal. You have proposed the deletion of topical categories for their being "too encyclopedic", which is a paradigm example of what I call non-encyclopedic purism, roughly expressed in the slogan "delete all content that shows some traces of being encyclopedic, at all costs". --Dan Polansky 11:24, 7 March 2010 (UTC)

 * I may be misrepresenting you. Let me ask:
 * (a) What sense lines for particular individuals including particular places would you include in Wiktionary, if any? I mean the sense lines and not the names; so to enter "Nile—a geographic name" is to include the name "Nile" while excluding the river of Nile, in contrast to "Nile—A long African river flowing through Khartoum and Cairo in Africa into the Mediterranean Sea.".
 * (b) Would you include under "Nile" a reference to the particular African river?
 * (c) Would you include under "Egypt" a reference to the particular country?
 * (d) Would you include under "Plato" a reference to the particular person?
 * (e) Would you include under "Michelangelo" a reference to the particular person?
 * (f) How would you define "Nile", if at all?
 * (g) How would you define "Plato", if at all?
 * --Dan Polansky 12:01, 7 March 2010 (UTC)

 * I'm sure that any acceptable answers would be compromise positions, but they would have to set some reasonable limits. The current CFI for specific entities is vague and too wide open to interpretation.

 * But what I'm saying is that we need to agree on a basic principal for proper names and clarify the existing regulation first. Adding more related rules will just make it harder to fix this problem in the CFI. —Michael Z. 2010-03-07 17:53 z
 * I am asking this: How would you answer the questions (a) - (g) if you were the sole ruler and regulator of Wiktionary, the sole maker of CFI? Are there at least some of these questions for which you have a firm answer? Can you indicate those questions where you are not sure? Is it with all the questions that you are not sure what to answer? --Dan Polansky 07:34, 8 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Your question is academic. We have to deal with consensus and discussion, with the requirement to vote for changes to guidelines, and with the range of interpretations by which editors might put a guideline into practice.

 * If I were Managing Editor and King of Wiki, I would start by surveying other dictionaries, write a set of inclusion principals, then draft a policy based on them. I'd create word lists, look at rough drafts of the definitions, and refine the policy based on the results. Finally, I'd rely on my own judgment in keeping or dropping headwords and senses.

 * Of course I'd look at the corpora and Google Books to see if there are other uses. Is Nile a colour? Is Michelangelo a commonly-used figurative term for an artistic person?

 * Specifically, I'd guess I'd include a set of place names, especially if they contribute to compounds like Nile crocodile, but drop the personal names. I'd define these minimally, like “a large river in Africa,” and design a distinctive link style from the sense line to the encyclopedia article. I'd consider just linking to Wikipedia from sense lines, without any definition. —Michael Z. 2010-03-08 20:32 z
 * These questions are not merely academic in the sense of having nothing to do with the practical problem of policy design. Inclusion principles can only be tested if you have an idea about what you want to do in particular cases; otherwise you can oppose all kinds of proposals on the simple ground that you are not even sure whether you want to get the river of Nile included. The question (a) is simply a request for a policy proposal, relevant to practical policy design by definition.
 * You probably mean "principles" AKA rules of action rather than "principals". --Dan Polansky 21:35, 8 March 2010 (UTC)

river of Nile
The poll is about individuals, i. e. about living beings, but the last section mentions the river of Nile - the river of Nile should be excluded from the "Nile" entry. I thought this is not about geographical objects, is it? The uſer hight Bogorm converſation 18:53, 8 March 2010 (UTC)
 * The poll is about all individuals including geographic entities or geographic objects. The way I have used the term "individual", it is a generic term for anything that is not a class, including trees and stones, rather than being constrained to human individuals or to living beings. You may read the poll about "individuals" as about "particular entities" or "particular objects", if this terminology is clearer to you. --Dan Polansky
 * If you want to exclude all human individuals while keeping some sense-lines for particular places, then you would vote support for including some individuals with a note that you want all human individuals excluded including Plato. The purpose of the poll is to clarify the broader positions of Wiktionary editors on the inclusion of sense-lines of particular individuals or specific entities if you will. --Dan Polansky 19:32, 8 March 2010 (UTC)

Poll to result in what?
I assume the poll is just for information only, since the vote page doesn't mention any actions to be taken. Or are we to understand that a successful vote for either “should have” or “should be no” would authorize mass editing of entries? This should be made clear.

Also, the poll doesn't have a place for anyone who believes both “At least some individuals [...] should have a dedicated sense-line in the entry under their name” and “in particular, the river of Nile should be excluded.” —Michael Z. 2010-03-10 14:49 z

 * The result of the poll cannot be used for mass editing of entries. The poll should serve as a basis for future votes, and serve to confirm the hypothesis that Wiktionary editors do want to get some individuals included in dedicated sense-lines. If this hypothesis gets confirmed, it will follow that a delineation or demarcation of included particular individuals from those excluded will have to be sought, defeating the claim that the inclusion of even a fraction of particular individuals is unworthy of Wiktionary, and "too encyclopedic".

 * You are right that someone could want to have some individuals included, but the river of Nile excluded. I have found it unlikely. In that case, the person would vote to neither of the poll options, or post a clarifying comment.

 * Comments that state positions on particular cases, and those that post candidate rules for CFI are welcome. --Dan Polansky 15:16, 10 March 2010 (UTC)
 * I am such a person (who wants specific "individuals", as this vote calls them, included, and Nile, the river, excluded, unless Nile is used in a way the current CFI specify as inclusible, or perhaps in a way similar to the current CFI of brand names. Something like that). Some specific "individuals" I want included are the Fifth and Morse theory. — msh210 ℠ 16:34, 10 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Point taken. There is a host of other name-bearing individuals or "specific entities" than people and places, including the languages of English and Spanish, the Earth, the Moon, the Milky Way, the stars of Betelgeuse and Proxima Centauri; and maybe Pythagorean theorem, the cardinal number aleph-null, depending on how you read "name". In any case, a distinction would probably need to be made between "individual" and "name-bearing individual", and even then it is not clear whether people would agree that the English language is a name-bearing individual, and whether "Pythagorean theorem" is a name. This is really a complex issue. --Dan Polansky 08:33, 12 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Yeah, well we can define each sense of moon/Moon, without “defining” each of the 180 moons in the solar system. We can define the words Betelgeuse, alpha, proxima, and Centauri without mass-adding entries for the 1,200 Bayer and 3,000 Flamsteed-catalogue stars. We define Pythagorean and theorem, but does a dictionary require entries for several thousand theorems? Shall we “define” 200,000 named and numbered asteroids? (And for goodness' sake, let's not get started on notability criteria.)

 * The dictionary is for terms of the languages, Wikipedia is for all the things existent. —Michael Z. 2010-03-12 21:14 z
 * Language dictionary is also for meanings, not only for terms. The Moon, the Earth and the Sun are individual things, last time I checked, so even you, Mzajac, have to admit some individual things into Wiktionary, violating your non-encyclopedic-purist thesis that all sense-lines for individual objects should be excluded.
 * Your narrow conception of language dictionary is not shared by Merriam and Webster online, which includes sense-lines for particular places in "London". Neither is it shared by A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles, Murray, James Augustus Henry, 1837-1915, which includes "Belgium" with an identification of the place rather than merely as "geographical name". But you know better the only right scope of a language dictionary. And you don't need to prove anything; it suffices that you say so. And sure, topical categories should be deleted as too encyclopedic. Give me a break. --Dan Polansky 08:24, 13 March 2010 (UTC)

 * You're ignoring the difference between “meanings” or senses of terms, and their referents (the things they represent).

 * Of course I can't “prove” my opinion that Wikipedia shouldn't be converted into an encyclopedic dictionary. And, going by our CFI, it currently isn't – although many individual editors have aped their “college” dictionaries by adding proper names, the consensus among those of us who vote on the guidelines has so far resisted introducing such a change. —Michael Z. 2010-03-13 20:18 z
 * But Wikipedia is an encyclopedy. And Wiktionary is a language dictionary. The difference is clear enough: we study words, Wikipedia studies things they represent (or people, animals, concepts, etc.), the only possible common part being the definition. We should never think that defining what a word means is too encyclopedic, the meaning of a word is something important here. But we should not provide data on all indivivual dogs, or all individual persons or places, only on the word dog, on the names or surnames, toponyms, etc. Lmaltier 21:42, 13 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Tell me, Mzajac:
 * (a) In "the Sun", is "The star at the center of our solar system, represented in astronomy and astrology by ☉" a reference or a sense?
 * (b) In "the Moon", is "The Earth's moon; the sole natural satellite of the Earth, represented in astronomy and astrology by ☾" a reference or a sense?
 * I assume that you are using the specialist terminology "sense" and "reference" as translations for the Fregean "Sinn" and "Bedeutung". --Dan Polansky
 * Uh, Sun and Moon with capital letters only refer to the specific sun and moon of Earth. (?) --Yair rand 18:00, 16 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Sun and moon: but the former is merely “often capitalized,” and the latter not necessarily labelled so. That's neither here nor there, the sense of “the sun” only has one referent, so it is used as a proper noun, and it is probably best defined with reference to the referent. But Paris, Pericles, and Michael are proper nouns with more referents. (What's Frege?) —Michael Z. 2010-03-17 20:42 z

 * That is perfectly correct. I just want to hear that from Mzajac. I want to hear that dictionaries include not only Frege:senses but also some Frege:references or Frege:referents. --Dan Polansky 20:27, 16 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Having slept on it, I have recalled that Frege implies that proper names do have a Frege:sense. This is implied in his discussion of "Mark Twain" and "Samuel Clemens" - these two terms have distinct Frege:senses but the same Frege:reference.
 * The issue is too complex to admit unsupported statements of the sort that proper names have no senses corresponding to individual things, places and people.
 * In the following quotation, Mill implies that proper names do have senses:
 * "An individual or singular name is a name which is only capable of being truly affirmed, in the same sense, of one thing."--J. S. Mill, A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive/Book I.
 * --Dan Polansky 07:53, 17 March 2010 (UTC)

 * For the record, I think it's clear that (for example) “Mzajac” and “Msh210” are two totally different senses of the name . The relation of the common signifier to each signified is arbitrary; there's no common property of these two Michaels that makes them both be named “Michael”. (The reverse is true — as a result of their shared name, they now have the common property IS-NAMED-MICHAEL, thereby admitting the use of the common noun — but that is a consequence of their naming, so does not justify considering  to have a single sense that covers both.) However, I cannot conceive of including a separate sense line for each person ever named Michael, for three reasons:
 * There are too many for that to be possible, feasible, or useful.
 * Even if there weren't too many — say, only fifteen real people and five fictional characters had ever had that name — I still don't think it would be useful. This being a dictionary, you look up the name to find out where it comes from, how it's pronounced, and so on, not to find out all the people who have ever been named it.
 * I think there's an inherent awkwardness in attempting to define a name by attempting to describe a specific person who has held that name. That just doesn't seem to be the purpose of a dictionary.
 * It seems like you agree with my #1, but only partially with my #2, and not at all with my #3. Mzajac, by contrast, seems to agree very strongly with my #3 — even more than I do, actually. And I'm not sure how we can ever address this disagreement through argumentation, since it seems like a pretty basic one. :-/
 * —Ruakh TALK 12:57, 17 March 2010 (UTC)
 * For me, it's clear that Mjazac is no more a specific sense of Michael than a particular dog a separate sense of the word dog. The sense of Michael is a masculine first name, one of the finite set of available first names. But the person named Pericles is the sense of the word (this word would not exist without him). Lmaltier 19:54, 17 March 2010 (UTC)

 * But Michael doesn't mean "a masculine first name", it is a masculine first name. It means, in one of its many senses, Mzajac. "A masculine first name" is a decent non-gloss definition of Michael, just as "Plural of set" is a decent non-gloss definition of sets, but the former is no more a sense of Michael than the latter is of sets. And anyway, there are plenty of Pericleses aside from the one you mention, including his son and ; perhaps the name originates with him, but then, also has an originator. —Ruakh TALK 20:27, 17 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Michael (as a word) has no other sense than to be a first name (+ of course, the religious sense as a proper noun), just like dogs... (see above). I don't think that, at Pericles' time, there was a set of available names in which you could pick a personal name. I think that a name was associated to one person, just as a placename is associated with one place, even if several persons or several places may share the same name. Lmaltier 20:36, 17 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Well, antecedents of Michael have been in continuous use for at least 4,300 years (being attested in Eblaite from at least 2300 BCE ), so even if Pericles was the very last man to be named so freely, we're still missing at least 1,800 years' worth of individuals named Michael from before names became a finite set. —Ruakh TALK 21:05, 17 March 2010 (UTC)
 * When a name was a traditional name, I agree that it's worth a mention only as this traditional name, not a mention for each person sharing this name: it's about the same case as first names, and it's up to Wikipedia to list the most notable of them. I think everybody can agree on this point. But this case should not be generalized, many names are individual (e.g. Adam became a first name, but mentioning it only as a first name would miss the sense as the first man, which is very different). If this is a bad example, I'm sure you can find plenty of better ones. And some names were very clearly designed specifically for one person, and are used only with this sense (e.g. Charlemagne); Why should we refuse to provide this single sense for this word? Lmaltier 22:21, 17 March 2010 (UTC)

 * We do prefer to go by usage, rather than prescrption (what a word or name was “designed” for). See Charlemagne (disambiguation). That the name was coined for a particular person certainly belongs in the etymology. CFI doesn't clearly indicate that there should be a “sense” for this person. —Michael Z. 2010-03-18 02:04 z
 * Current CFI, no, but it's a discussion on future CFI. Lmaltier 06:54, 18 March 2010 (UTC)

 * See also Perikles (given name). If a Pericles is the first Pericles, then he warrants mention in the etymology, but not a “sense.” —Michael Z. 2010-03-17 20:42 z

 * I wholly agree with the whole Ruakh's paragraph. In particular, I wholly agree with this: '"A masculine first name" is a decent non-gloss definition of Michael, just as "Plural of set" is a decent non-gloss definition of sets, but the former is no more a sense of Michael than the latter is of sets."' If I understood correctly, neither Mill nor Frege deny senses to proper nouns and proper names. And you see, my sentence does not mean this: "If I understood correctly, neither a male given name nor a male given name deny senses to proper nouns and proper names." ;) --Dan Polansky 06:54, 18 March 2010 (UTC)

 * What are Mill and Frege? —Michael Z. 2010-03-18 19:47 z

 * See John Stuart Mill and Gottlob Frege. —Ruakh TALK 01:56, 19 March 2010 (UTC)

 * (unindent) Mzajac, on "Mill", I will repeat here the quotation that I have posted above:
 * "An individual or singular name is a name which is only capable of being truly affirmed, in the same sense, of one thing."--J. S. Mill, A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive/Book I.
 * On "Frege", you have claimed that I don't distinguish "sense" and "reference". I don't know where you take this distinction from, but I have estimated that you mean the Fregean sense and Fregean reference, in German "Sinn" and "Bedeutung". If you don't know who Frege is, I do not know where you are coming from with "sense" and "reference", and it is probably about time that you provide links to durably archived sources and definitions for your terminology before you start imposing this stipulated terminology on the present discussion. There is a bit confusing article Sense and reference, which seems to suggest that "sense" and "reference" are Fregean "Sinn" and "Bedeutung", but with Wikipedia you never know how reliable it is. Some searches for you:, . --Dan Polansky 09:16, 19 March 2010 (UTC)

 * I wrote referent (pl. referents) where I meant referent, and reference where I meant reference. —Michael Z. 2010-03-19 15:51 z
 * Okay, I am sorry. I should have payed attention to "referent" in contrast to "reference". You have said that I fail to distinguish "sense" and "referent". And you probably did not mean Fregean "sense" and "reference". Then, where do you take this terminology from? What quotations or links to scholarly sources do you have to prove your claim that proper names have no senses? --Dan Polansky 13:11, 20 March 2010 (UTC)


text:
soprastampa

Etymology
From.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: soprastampa


text: soprastampato

title: soprastampato


text:
cnawelæcing

Etymology
From, equivalent to. Akin to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) acknowledgment, acknowledging

title: cnawelæcing


text:
marcofilia

Noun

 * 1) marcophily (branch of philately)

title: marcofilia


text: nevetned

title: nevetned


text: főznöd

title: főznöd


text:
cnæwe

Etymology
From, from. Akin to 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) knowing, cognizant
 * 2) conscious, aware

title: cnæwe


text: fetids

title: fetids


text:
cuþlæcan

Etymology
From, suffix denoting process or activity.

Verb

 * 1) to make known; publish, proclaim
 * 2) to become familiar with, familiarize, befriend

title: cuþlæcan


text: cnawe

title: cnawe


text: home sides

title: home sides


text:
away side

Noun

 * 1) away team.

title: away side


text: away sides

title: away sides


text: gaiole

title: gaiole


text:
trouble in paradise

Noun

 * 1)  An unexpected problem in a supposedly positive situation, especially in a marital or romantic relationship.
 * My wife wasn't in the best of moods on our honeymoon last week. ― Trouble in paradise?

Usage notes

 * Sometimes used with a tone of sarcasm or mockery.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: käärme paratiisissa
 * French:
 * Hebrew: צרות בגן עדן
 * Norwegian: trøbbel i paradis
 * Polish: kłopoty w raju
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: problema en el paraíso

title: trouble in paradise


text:
Talk:dwaalgeest

It's not only heretic and apostate. Your first definition fits very well for many other cases in which it's used. Someone who has wrong views. Something like that. 81.68.255.36 23:32, 1 March 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:dwaalgeest


text:
Talk:nutteloost

The stages should be nutteloos, nuttelozer, meest nutteloos. Quick google says 5000 for 'meest nutteloos' and 800 for 'nutteloost'. I suppose because it is too hard for Dutch people's tongues. 81.68.255.36 23:37, 1 March 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:nutteloost


text:
chantur

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  singer
 * 2)  preacher, such as a priest

title: chantur


text:
ביחד

Adverb

 * 1) together

title: ביחד


text:
-ur

Suffix

 * 1) . The most common meaning the suffix carries is comparable to  in English.

Suffix

 * 1)  -ide

Etymology 1
From, the nominative singular ending for i-, u-, masculine a-, and masculine consonant stem nouns, as well as most masculine adjectives. In turn, the Old Norse endings all stem from, a general-purpose masculine/feminine singular nominative ending.

Suffix

 * 1) Occurs as the nominative singular ending in every class of strong masculine nouns, although not exclusively.
 * 2) Occurs as the nominative singular ending for a few feminine strong nouns.
 * 3) The majority of strong, masculine adjectives end in -ur in the nominative.

Etymology 2
From.

Suffix

 * 1) The nominative and accusative plural ending for most weak feminine nouns; triggers u-mutation of a preceding a.

Etymology
, from, from , from.

Suffix

 * 1) -ure.

Suffix

 * 1)  Used to form plural indefinite forms for weak feminine nouns

Alternative forms

 * (later Anglo-Norman)

Suffix

 * 1)   suffix indicating an agent noun

Etymology
From, when stressed.

Suffix

 * 1) Suffix variant found on masculine a-stem nouns

Suffix

 * 1) -ure; making an art or profession from an occupation, e.g.  →

title: -ur


text:
-our

Etymology 1
From, from ; reinforced by 🇨🇬 and its source, 🇨🇬.

Usage notes

 * This suffix is sometimes confused with, especially in Late Middle English. For forms stemming from that confusion, see that entry.

Suffix

 * 1)   (both etymologies)

title: -our


text: randre

title: randre


text:
בתוך

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬.

Preposition

 * 1) inside, within, in the middle of
 * 2) into
 * 3) among
 * 1) among
 * 1) among

title: בתוך


text:
Moirrey Malaine

Proper noun

 * 1) Mary Magdalene

title: Moirrey Malaine


text:
Alistair Mooar

Proper noun

 * 1) Alexander the Great

title: Alistair Mooar


text:
Talk:-ב

Is this at the wrong page title? Should this be at ב־? --Yair rand 23:55, 1 March 2010 (UTC)
 * You're right. Moved. --WikiTiki89 20:13, 21 January 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:-ב


text: Laurys

title: Laurys


text:
Talk:New England

Since there are so many possible meanings of New England, would it be appropriate (and possible?) to make the wikipedia link box go to the Pedia New England disambig page?--TyrS 00:28, 2 March 2010 (UTC)

Tea room discussion
Since there are so many possible meanings of New England (at least on Wikipedia), would it be appropriate (and possible?) to make the wikipedia link box go to the Pedia New England disambig page? Thanks.--TyrS 01:11, 2 March 2010 (UTC)
 * done. Conrad.Irwin 02:26, 2 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Brilliant. Thank you!--TyrS 02:41, 2 March 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:New England


text:
Talk:Hokkien

It also has an adjective form, e.g. "Hokkien noodles." Tooironic 00:28, 2 March 2010 (UTC)
 * I concur. E.g. Hokkien people, Hokkien culture, Hokkien language--达伟 23:49, 21 March 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hokkien


text:
Talk:hoary

Was this really Word of the Day? It needs etymology. Tooironic 00:29, 2 March 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:hoary


text:
Ean Bashtey

Proper noun

 * 1) John the Baptist

title: Ean Bashtey


text: rubiscos

title: rubiscos


text:
Ean Sushtallagh

Proper noun

 * 1) John the Evangelist

title: Ean Sushtallagh


text:
Noo Ean

Proper noun

 * 1)  St. John

title: Noo Ean


text:
kövön

Etymology
From the köv- stem of.

title: kövön


text:
Talk:Brigid

Brighid/Bríd
This is not and has never been the current spelling in Irish. Briġid, perhaps, but the ponc séimhithe is a spelling convention in the uncial script. In the Latin script, an H is used instead: Brighid. Additionally, since the spelling reform, the name is Bríd. embryomystic 00:46, 2 March 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Brigid


text:
hinge on

Etymology
1700, (verb) +.

Verb

 * 1) To depend on; to be contingent upon.
 * The success of this plan hinges upon his approval.

Synonyms

 * on

Translations

 * Bashkir: abl. + тороу
 * French:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Swedish: hänga på, bero på

title: hinge on


text: tanulnom

title: tanulnom


text: tanulnod

title: tanulnod


text: tanulnunk

title: tanulnunk


text: tanulnia

title: tanulnia


text:
hinging on

Verb

 * This type of construction is sometimes possible, hinging on the circumstances involved.
 * This type of construction is sometimes possible, hinging on the circumstances involved.

title: hinging on


text: tanulnotok

title: tanulnotok


text: tanulniuk

title: tanulniuk


text:
simple quadruple time

Noun

 * 1)  A meter or rhythm with four beats to a measure and four beats to a whole note; specifically common time.

title: simple quadruple time


text:
hataałii

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) chanter, singer
 * 2) medicine man (shaman)

title: hataałii


text: joint-stock companies

title: joint-stock companies


text: SAAR

title: SAAR


text:
User talk:LlOyD

Welcome!

Hello, welcome to Wiktionary, and thank you for your contribution so far. Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * How to edit a page is a concise list of technical guidelines to the wiki format we use here: how to, for example, make text boldfaced or create hyperlinks. Feel free to practice in the sandbox. If you would like a slower introduction we have a short tutorial.
 * Entry layout explained (ELE) is a detailed policy documenting how Wiktionary pages should be formatted. All entries should conform to this standard, the easiest way to do this is to copy exactly an existing page for a similar word.
 * Our Criteria for inclusion (CFI) define exactly which words Wiktionary is interested in including. There is also a list of things that Wiktionary is not for a higher level overview.
 * The FAQ aims to answer most of your remaining questions, and there are several help pages that you can browse for more information.
 * We have discussion rooms in which you can ask any question about Wiktionary or its entries, a glossary of our technical jargon, and some hints for dealing with the more common communication issues.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! If you have any questions, bring them to the Information desk, or ask me on my talk page. If you do so, please sign your posts with four tildes: ~ which automatically produces your username and the current date and time.

Again, welcome!

—Ruakh TALK 02:52, 2 March 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:LlOyD


text:
motza

Noun

 * 1)  A lot of money.

Etymology 2
See.

Noun

 * 1) * 1984, Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain), Nursing Times, Volume 80, Issues 1-13, |%22motzas%22+bread+-intitle:%22%22+-inauthor:%22%22&dq=%22motza%22|%22motzas%22+bread+-intitle:%22%22+-inauthor:%22%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=nmKyT_OoC8mTiAeewfXLCA&redir_esc=y page 58,
 * As the fleeing Israelites had no time to allow their bread to rise, one of the dietary restrictions associated with Passover is the eating of unleavened bread called ‘motza’, which contains no yeast.
 * 1) * 1984, Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain), Nursing Times, Volume 80, Issues 1-13, |%22motzas%22+bread+-intitle:%22%22+-inauthor:%22%22&dq=%22motza%22|%22motzas%22+bread+-intitle:%22%22+-inauthor:%22%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=nmKyT_OoC8mTiAeewfXLCA&redir_esc=y page 58,
 * As the fleeing Israelites had no time to allow their bread to rise, one of the dietary restrictions associated with Passover is the eating of unleavened bread called ‘motza’, which contains no yeast.
 * As the fleeing Israelites had no time to allow their bread to rise, one of the dietary restrictions associated with Passover is the eating of unleavened bread called ‘motza’, which contains no yeast.

title: motza


text: eromenoi

title: eromenoi


text:
quebrar a cara

Etymology
+ +

Verb

 * 1)  to fail

title: quebrar a cara


text:
have the wolf by the ear

Etymology
Initially attributed to Roman Emperor circa year 1 AD by biographer C. Suetonius Tranquillus.

United States, 1820,, writing about the institution of slavery and the :
 * "But, as it is, we have the wolf by the ear, and we can neither hold him nor safely let him go. Justice is in one scale, and self-preservation in the other."
 * — Thomas Jefferson to John Holmes (discussing slavery and the Missouri question), Monticello, 22 April 1820

Verb

 * 1)  To be in a dangerous situation from which one cannot disengage, but in which one cannot safely remain.

Usage notes
Original form is “have the wolf by the ear”; common variants are “hold” rather than “have”, “a wolf” rather than “the wolf”, and plural “ears” rather than singular “ear”.

Translations

 * Finnish: olla kahden tulen välissä
 * French:
 * Malay: ditelan mati emak, diluah mati bapak
 * Polish: znajdować się w trudnej sytuacji, znaleźć się w trudnej sytuacji

title: have the wolf by the ear


text:
on the horns of a dilemma

Etymology
From, from , a reference to an alternative that one can metaphorically get caught on or injured by.

Prepositional phrase

 * 1)  Facing a choice between two equally undesirable alternatives.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * Spanish:

title: on the horns of a dilemma


text:
konvansyon

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) convention

title: konvansyon


text:
Nasyon Zini

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) United Nations

title: Nasyon Zini


text:
Dayiti

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) of Haiti

title: Dayiti


text:
User talk:Tyranny Sue

gender ambiguous
I understand that gender studies seems to be a passion or a field of expertise of yours. Just be careful that your entries don't become too encyclopedic. Wikipedia would love an editor like you. What is gender ambiguity, other than ambiguity of gender? Ditto sexual abuse, unfortunately there is nothing in the entry right now to justify it. "Abuse of a sexual nature" is about as unhelpful as you can get. Mglovesfun (talk) 11:07, 7 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Thanks. I also edit Wikipedia :)
 * Which entries of mine in particular do you think might be becoming too encyclopedic? (So that I can attempt a remedy.)

 * I think 'gender ambiguity' needs an entry (1) to explain that it's used in medicine to describe a range of chromosomal conditions rather than just appearance, or a condition that's a result of surgery, i.e. a conscious choice on the part of an adult human, and (2) because I think it would probably be a difficult phrase for an English learner to work out the meaning of if they had to look up & understand the two terms separately. I have found some useful citations for it.
 * Re. 'sexual abuse', my initial reason for creating this was to do with what I see as the nonsensical inclusion of 'sexual abuse' as sense 5 under abuse (I think I got distracted with editing other things simultaneously & stuffed up a little in my explanation; I've just gone back to the 'abuse' entry to clear that up, sorry about that). --TyrS 14:57, 7 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Sounds good to me. Mglovesfun (talk) 15:04, 7 April 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tyranny Sue


text:
atik

Etymology
Possibly from.

Noun

 * 1) ingredient

Noun

 * 1) deception; chicanery

Adjective

 * 1) to deceive; to trick

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) article

Etymology
of.

Noun

 * 1) money; cash

Etymology
origin.

Adjective

 * 1) Who acts quickly; speedy, swift.

title: atik


text:
loppasuu

Noun

 * 1) glutton one who quickly devours all available food and drink

title: loppasuu


text:
herkkusuu

Noun

 * 1) gourmet one who knows of and appreciates good food

title: herkkusuu


text:
syömäri

Noun

 * 1) glutton excessive eater

title: syömäri


text:
jälkiviisaus

Noun

 * 1) hindsight wisdom after the events, with which a negative outcome might have been avoided

title: jälkiviisaus


text: Αντώνης

title: Αντώνης


text: Αυστραλέζος

title: Αυστραλέζος


text: Αυστραλέζα

title: Αυστραλέζα


text: Αυστραλή

title: Αυστραλή


text:
Βασίλης

Related terms

 * see:

title: Βασίλης


text:
smutandare

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to forcibly pull down or take off (someone's) pants/trousers or underwear: to pants, to depants

title: smutandare


text:
smutandarsi

Verb

 * 1)  to take off one's pants/trousers or underwear

title: smutandarsi


text:
brassée

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) armful

title: brassée


text: brassées

title: brassées


text:
recuperabilità

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) recuperability
 * 2) recoverability
 * 3) recyclability

title: recuperabilità


text:
reagibilità

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  reactivity

title: reagibilità


text:
moutonner

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) (of sea) to be flecked (with white horses, white caps); to foam, froth
 * 2)  (of hills) to roll
 * 3) (of sky) to be flecked with fleecy clouds
 * 4)  to practice the occupation of an itinerant shepherd
 * 5)  to denounce

title: moutonner


text: redità

title: redità


text:
repressività

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) repressiveness

title: repressività


text:
repulsività

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) repulsiveness

title: repulsività


text:
residenzialità

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) property of being residential

title: residenzialità


text:
respirabilità

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) breathability

title: respirabilità


text:
retoricità

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) rhetorical character or quality

title: retoricità


text:
ribadibilità

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) property of being confirmable

title: ribadibilità


text:
reintegrabile

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) that can be reinstated, restorable
 * 2) recoverable

title: reintegrabile


text:
reintegrabilità

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) property of being restorable
 * 2) property of being recoverable

title: reintegrabilità


text:
fourchette vulvaire

Noun

 * 1)  fourchette

title: fourchette vulvaire


text:
floridità

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  prosperity, floridness

title: floridità


text:
flemmaticità

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) phlegmatic character

title: flemmaticità


text:
vulvaire

Etymology 1
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  vulvar

Etymology 2
, from (because the plant was used in gynaecology).

title: vulvaire


text: vulvaires

title: vulvaires


text:
fulgidità

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) refulgence

title: fulgidità


text:
fulgidezza

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) refulgence

title: fulgidezza


text:
furtività

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) stealth

title: furtività


text:
immaterialità

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) immateriality

title: immaterialità


text:
mercedes

Noun

 * 1) a Mercedes car

title: mercedes


text: pequeñeces

title: pequeñeces


text: perdices

title: perdices


text: perdiciones

title: perdiciones


text: reproducciones

title: reproducciones


text: repeticiones

title: repeticiones


text: capatazas

title: capatazas


text: capataces

title: capataces


text: capataza

title: capataza


text: cabezonas

title: cabezonas


text: cabezona

title: cabezona


text: aborígenes

title: aborígenes


text: diateche

title: diateche


text: emeroteche

title: emeroteche


text: gipsoteche

title: gipsoteche


text: mediateche

title: mediateche


text: nastroteche

title: nastroteche


text: tecoteche

title: tecoteche


text: weblioteche

title: weblioteche


text: colaggi

title: colaggi


text: colagoghi

title: colagoghi


text: colascioni

title: colascioni


text: colaticci

title: colaticci


text: colatori

title: colatori


text: centocchi comuni

title: centocchi comuni


text: colagoga

title: colagoga


text: valori facciali

title: valori facciali


text: colagoghe

title: colagoghe


text: linguelle

title: linguelle


text: protrudibili

title: protrudibili


text: soprastampe

title: soprastampe


text: putrefattibili

title: putrefattibili


text: marcofilie

title: marcofilie


text: raddolcibili

title: raddolcibili


text: fulgidezze

title: fulgidezze


text: rarefattibili

title: rarefattibili


text: recettibili

title: recettibili


text: recidibili

title: recidibili


text: reggibili

title: reggibili


text: reprimibili

title: reprimibili


text: rescindibili

title: rescindibili


text: riammissibili

title: riammissibili


text: riassorbibili

title: riassorbibili


text: ribadibili

title: ribadibili


text: ricopribili

title: ricopribili


text: linguellata

title: linguellata


text: linguellati

title: linguellati


text: linguellate

title: linguellate


text: soprastampata

title: soprastampata


text: soprastampati

title: soprastampati


text: soprastampate

title: soprastampate


text: reintegrabili

title: reintegrabili


text: smutandando

title: smutandando


text: smutandante

title: smutandante


text: smutandato

title: smutandato


text: smutandati

title: smutandati


text: smutandata

title: smutandata


text: smutando

title: smutando


text: smutandi

title: smutandi


text: smutanda

title: smutanda


text: smutandiamo

title: smutandiamo


text: smutandate

title: smutandate


text: smutandano

title: smutandano


text: smutandavo

title: smutandavo


text: smutandavi

title: smutandavi


text: smutandava

title: smutandava


text: smutandavamo

title: smutandavamo


text: smutandavate

title: smutandavate


text: smutandavano

title: smutandavano


text: smutandai

title: smutandai


text: smutandasti

title: smutandasti


text: smutandò

title: smutandò


text: smutandammo

title: smutandammo


text: smutandaste

title: smutandaste


text: smutandarono

title: smutandarono


text: smutanderò

title: smutanderò


text: smutanderai

title: smutanderai


text: smutanderà

title: smutanderà


text: smutanderemo

title: smutanderemo


text: smutanderete

title: smutanderete


text:
ontspanning

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) diversion, recreation

title: ontspanning


text: smutanderanno

title: smutanderanno


text: smutanderei

title: smutanderei


text: smutanderesti

title: smutanderesti


text: smutanderebbe

title: smutanderebbe


text: smutanderemmo

title: smutanderemmo


text: smutandereste

title: smutandereste


text: smutanderebbero

title: smutanderebbero


text: smutandiate

title: smutandiate


text: smutandino

title: smutandino


text: smutandassi

title: smutandassi


text: smutandasse

title: smutandasse


text: smutandassimo

title: smutandassimo


text: smutandassero

title: smutandassero


text: smutandarmi

title: smutandarmi


text: smutandarti

title: smutandarti


text: smutandarci

title: smutandarci


text: smutandarvi

title: smutandarvi


text: smutandandosi

title: smutandandosi


text: smutandandomi

title: smutandandomi


text: smutandandoti

title: smutandandoti


text: smutandandoci

title: smutandandoci


text: smutandandovi

title: smutandandovi


text: smutandiamoci

title: smutandiamoci


text: smutandatevi

title: smutandatevi


text:
User talk:Dangus

雨
Thanks for adding the example sentence. However without a gloss, the example is next to useless to learners of Japanese. Please gloss it or I will have to (regrettably) revert your edit. Jamesjiao → T ◊ C 08:26, 2 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your truly useful comments on the entry. However, that particular sentence indeed is in use, quite often, as almost a cliche.  I believe it is useful to quote that sentence than referring to some ancient text from Heian era, for Japanese learners.  It is within your right to correct the entry in the way as you like, but I insist to include that sentence for that particular entry.  Thank you again for your comment. -- Dangus

Interwiktionary links
As you can see if you look at the other links present, interwiktionary links only exist for pages with identical titles. Nadando 01:00, 3 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Did you not read this? Please read Help:Interwiki linking in the 15 minutes you are blocked. Nadando 01:10, 3 March 2010 (UTC)

I read the page. I will be careful the next time.

期日前投票
期日前投票 is read as きじつぜんとうひょう, not きじつまえとうひょう. For reference, here is a dictionary entry. If you are unsure, please feel free to ask before editing. Bendono 07:17, 6 March 2010 (UTC)

 * mmm... Officially, you are right in saying that the type of pronunciation is correct, so for the dictionary, that should come up front. It only is that the other pronunciation is more prevalent and the Wikipedia entry goes with the custom (here).  There seemed to have been a discussion on this topic which really is for TV and other public broadcast, they would not make much of a difference to a listener whether you would pronounce the word in either way.  -- Dangus

 * Now that you mention it, I do recall hearing discussion on this topic before. There is room for both readings, so I have added it. Regards, Bendono 07:57, 6 March 2010 (UTC)

Line breaks
Please make sure there is never more than a double line break before a section header. If you put a triple line break there will be an extra gap, which is generally not wanted, except perhaps to avoid a clash with a very long right-floating object (but in that case the template is preferred). Thanks. – Krun 14:18, 21 January 2011 (UTC)

 * Thank for your comments on the line breaks. I added the line breaks at times to have some more spaces than being required or set as a rule.  I will be more careful next time.  Thank you again for your message. -- Dangus

wikifying
Hi, just wanted to mention that usually people don't link every single world. See question 2 of http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Help:FAQ#Wikifying Thanks! Haplology 11:54, 11 April 2011 (UTC)

 * OK, I understand that the links are for putting some emphasis. -- Dangus

hiragana index
Hi, sorry to bother you again, but words starting with kana with two dots or a circle should have an extra parameter, which is hidx in ja-noun and the related templates. See Template:ja-noun. For example, 上限 has |hidx=しょうげん' -- I went ahead and made the change myself. It works the same way with category links and Context labels, except that uses skey rather than hidx.

By the way, it doesn't really matter, but if you make a page a blank edit summary, the server will automatically make a summary of the new page. I think that's the usual practice and it would save you some time. Thanks Haplology 17:48, 18 June 2011 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your help. I will add the parameter for entries with dots (dakuten) or a circle (han-dakuten).  And it indeed saves time not having to write the edit summary sections. -- Dangus
 * Hi, just a follow-up: in hidx replace the first consonant with the unvoiced version of the same one--for example, げんせん from 源泉 should be けんせん', not かんせん'. The idea is that げんせん appears in the "け" section of the dictionary, just like any other Japanese dictionary, right after けんせん.  If hidx is かんせん', it will be in the か section.  Thanks Haplology 14:39, 23 June 2011 (UTC)

 * Oh, I seemed to have used another system for making the entries, which I did not update. Sorry -- Dangus

ふ
お疲れ様です. この辞書でローマ字は「ふ」が「fu」となります. 例えば、「ふしみ」が「fushimi」と書いてます. よろしくお願いします. Haplology 06:39, 28 August 2011 (UTC)

 * The standard school Romanization system set it to hu instead of fu, although fu seems to have gained more popular support. If wiktionary has it that it uses fu, I will use fu from now on.  Thank you. --Dangus
 * Reference: http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/hakusho/nc/k19541209001/k19541209001.html

Global account
Hi Dangus! As a Steward I'm involved in the upcoming unification of all accounts organized by the Wikimedia Foundation (see m:Single User Login finalisation announcement). By looking at your account, I realized that you don't have a global account yet. In order to secure your name, I recommend you to create such account on your own by submitting your password on Special:MergeAccount and unifying your local accounts. If you have any problems with doing that or further questions, please don't hesitate to contact me on my talk page. Cheers, DerHexer (talk) 18:08, 14 January 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dangus


text:
Talk:centigrade

Centigrade, Kelvin/Celcius
"(of a scale) Having 100 divisions between two fixed  points." So centigrade, with regards to temperature, may also refer to the Kelvin scale as well? I can see this as a very convenient term to use in science to refer to either of these two systems rather than any one specifically.--Anthonzi 09:11, 2 March 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:centigrade


text:
desperfecto

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) flaw, defect

title: desperfecto


text:
luciérnaga

Etymology
, from + the dialectal suffix -aga, from. The positioning of stress in the antepenultimate syllable is also due to pre-Roman influence.

Noun

 * 1) firefly

title: luciérnaga


text: luciérnagas

title: luciérnagas


text:
desintoxicación

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) detoxification

title: desintoxicación


text: destrozos

title: destrozos


text: desintoxicaciones

title: desintoxicaciones


text:
relojería

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) clock shop
 * 2) clockmaking

title: relojería


text:
Talk:enyl

Cleanup discussion
I'm pretty sure that enyl should be located at -enyl since I've only ever seen this as a suffix. The proper term for this noun appears to be alkenyl 76.66.196.229 09:40, 11 February 2009 (UTC)

 * It's certainly not as common as alkenyl:, but check out . —Ruakh TALK 03:06, 12 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Yes, all of these types of term are used as nouns by organic chemists. SemperBlotto

title: Talk:enyl


text: desperfectos

title: desperfectos


text: anaranjadas

title: anaranjadas


text: anaranjados

title: anaranjados


text: anaranjada

title: anaranjada


text:
ensimismado

Etymology
Past participle of.

Adjective

 * 1) self-centered, self-absorbed
 * 2) preoccupied, lost in thought, engrossed
 * 1) preoccupied, lost in thought, engrossed

title: ensimismado


text: ensimismada

title: ensimismada


text: ensimismados

title: ensimismados


text: ensimismadas

title: ensimismadas


text: vinkje

title: vinkje


text:
vinken

Verb

 * 1)  To finch; catch finches

title: vinken


text:
selectievakje

Noun

 * 1)  a

title: selectievakje


text: selectievakjes

title: selectievakjes


text: formerne

title: formerne


text: nigromancies

title: nigromancies


text: formernes

title: formernes


text: formens

title: formens


text: formene

title: formene


text: formenes

title: formenes


text: old farts

title: old farts


text: Category:Yiddish idioms

title: Category:Yiddish idioms


text:
Talk:yakuza

Cleanup debate
Template:term has been used here with lang=ja, but the text is in English, not Japanese. I think the original Japanese might have been intended, with the English text given as the transliteration. — Paul G 11:08, 19 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Well this is attestable in English, and in French (a very good Scrabble word). I seem to think yakusa is a word too. What exatly needs cleaning up? If you see WT:AJA you'll realise that we accept Romanized Japanese. Mglovesfun (talk) 11:26, 20 November 2009 (UTC)
 * I've changed the etym to "from Japanese..." and put on the Japanese section. Without knowing any Japanese, I can't do anything more than that. Mglovesfun (talk) 11:32, 20 November 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:yakuza


title: 110%


text:
Talk:hung the moon

Cleanup discussion
Can't this be conjugated, hence to hang the moon (a verb). Mglovesfun (talk) 08:30, 7 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Done Indeed. Confirmed def in DARE. "Hung" seems most common form, but lemma needed. DCDuring TALK * Holiday Greetings! 11:22, 7 January 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:hung the moon


text: formede

title: formede


text: formet

title: formet


title: 4-on-the-floor


text: gay bars

title: gay bars


text: Räucheraale

title: Räucheraale


text:
mot ad hoc

Etymology
From +.

Noun

 * 1)  nonce word

title: mot ad hoc


text: mots ad hoc

title: mots ad hoc


text: 车座

title: 车座


text:
車座

Noun

 * 1) car seat

title: 車座


text:
ébranlement

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) shaking
 * 2) shock
 * 3) weakening, wavering

title: ébranlement


text:
eslire

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to select; to choose

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1) to select; to choose

title: eslire


text: ébranlements

title: ébranlements


text:
Berlinerin

Noun

 * 1) female Berliner (female person from Berlin)

title: Berlinerin


text: Berlinerinnen

title: Berlinerinnen


text:
gaire

Etymology
. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1)  not much, hardly any
 * 2)  any
 * 3)  not many, hardly any
 * 4)  any
 * 1)  not many, hardly any
 * 2)  any
 * 1)  any

Adverb

 * 1)  not much, hardly any
 * 2)  any much
 * 1)  any much
 * 1)  any much

Etymology 1
From. .

Noun

 * 1) nearness, proximity

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) barely, hardly

Etymology
Of origin, borrowed from, related to  (source of modern 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬).

Adverb

 * 1)  hardly; almost not at all

Etymology
Of origin, borrowed from, related to  (source of modern 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬). Gallo-Romance cognate with 🇨🇬.

Adverb

 * 1)  hardly; almost not at all

title: gaire


text: sinple

title: sinple


text:
bedieningspaneel

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) control panel

title: bedieningspaneel


text: bedieningspanelen

title: bedieningspanelen


text: bedieningspaneeltje

title: bedieningspaneeltje


text:
paneel

Etymology
From, from , from , later variant of , diminutive of.

Noun

 * 1) panel flat, rectangular, often wooden, surface
 * 2) control panel

title: paneel


text: paneeltje

title: paneeltje


text: panelen

title: panelen


text: perineales

title: perineales


text: Japanese giant salamanders

title: Japanese giant salamanders


text:
terugzetten

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to rewind (a clock)
 * 2) to restore (something to its previous state)
 * 3)  to restore, roll back

title: terugzetten


text:
Talk:skillet

Etymology
Where does this word come from? Nicolas1981 11:32, 2 March 2010 (UTC)

Picture
The picture shows a karahi or wok, not a skillet. A skillet is typically of heavy construction like a traditional wok or karahi, and can be deeper than a regular frying pan, albeit not as deep as a wok or karahi. However, a skillet is always flat-bottomed like a frying pan, not round-bottomed as depicted. --AliasMarlowe (talk) 11:06, 17 November 2012 (UTC)
 * Removed. Obviously added by someone who's never seen a skillet. Chuck Entz (talk) 18:05, 17 November 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:skillet


text:
stokoud

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) very old, ancient

title: stokoud


text: stokoudst

title: stokoudst


text: stokouder

title: stokouder


text:
eurythermal

Adjective

 * 1)  Able to tolerate a wide range of temperature

Related terms

 * eurythermy

title: eurythermal


text:
hoeksteen

Etymology
From. The generic figurative sense developed after figurative use in the Hebrew Bible in Psalm 118 and Jeremiah 28, and in the New Testament in the synoptic gospels, Acts, Ephesians 2 and 1 Peter 2.

Noun

 * 1)  cornerstone

title: hoeksteen


text: hoeksteentje

title: hoeksteentje


text: hoekstenen

title: hoekstenen


text:
polygaam

Adjective

 * 1) polygamous

title: polygaam


text:
touffu

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) tufted, clumped
 * 2) heavy, overly done
 * un style touffu.
 * un style touffu.

title: touffu


text: touffue

title: touffue


text: touffus

title: touffus


text: touffues

title: touffues


text:
altimetric

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to altimetry or to altimetrics
 * 2) Obtained by means of an altimeter

Translations

 * Finnish: altimetrinen
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:

Etymology
.

title: altimetric


text:
tonalité

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) tonality
 * 2)  key scale of musical notes

title: tonalité


text:
anholonomic

Adjective

 * 1) nonholonomic

title: anholonomic


text: tonalités

title: tonalités


text:
antitriplet

Noun

 * 1)  The antiparticle of a specified triplet.

title: antitriplet


text:
fanaat

Noun

 * 1) a fanatic, a zealot

title: fanaat


text: fanaatje

title: fanaatje


text: fanaten

title: fanaten


text:
fanatiek

Adjective

 * 1) fanatic

title: fanatiek


text: fanatieker

title: fanatieker


text: fanatiekst

title: fanatiekst


text: 工资

title: 工资


text:
工資

Noun

 * 1) wage; salary; pay; remuneration

title: 工資


text:
geneeslijk

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) curable, healable

title: geneeslijk


text: cryogens

title: cryogens


text:
本校

Noun

 * 1) this/our school

Noun

 * 1) this school
 * 2) the main school, the head school

title: 本校


text:
cryogen

Noun

 * 1)  a cryogenic liquid (that boils below about -160°C) used as a refrigerant

title: cryogen


text:
ongeneeslijk

Etymology
From. Equivalent to.

Adjective

 * 1) incurable, untreatable

title: ongeneeslijk


text: 本党

title: 本党


text: domkoppen

title: domkoppen


text:
falot

Etymology
, ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1) lantern

Adjective

 * 1) dull, spineless
 * 2) droll

title: falot


text: falots

title: falots


text:
本黨

Noun

 * 1) this/our political party

title: 本黨


text: dierbaarder

title: dierbaarder


text: dierbaarst

title: dierbaarst


text:
導演

Verb

 * 1) to direct

Noun

 * 1)  director (of film or theatre)

title: 導演


text:
decahydroisoquinoline

Noun

 * 1)  The saturated, bicyclic heterocycle, related to isoquinoline, composed of a cyclohexane ring fused to that of piperidine

title: decahydroisoquinoline


text:
perhydroisoquinoline

Noun

 * 1)  decahydroisoquinoline

title: perhydroisoquinoline


text: 戏剧

title: 戏剧


text:
戲劇

Noun

 * 1)  drama; dramatic art; theater
 * 2)  play; script of a play; piece of theater, work of theater

title: 戲劇


text:
decentration

Noun

 * 1) The removal of something from a centre.

title: decentration


text:
decorrelated

Adjective

 * 1) Modified by decorrelation

title: decorrelated


text:
提名

Verb

 * 1) to nominate

title: 提名


text: 谎话

title: 谎话


text:
謊話

Noun

 * 1) lie; falsehood; untruth

title: 謊話


text: 笑话

title: 笑话


text:
笑話

Noun

 * 1) joke
 * 2)  joke; sham
 * 1)  joke; sham
 * 1)  joke; sham
 * 1)  joke; sham

Verb

 * 1) to mock; to ridicule; to laugh at

title: 笑話


text:
bladzij

Etymology
Derived from bladzijde through syncope; compare, , ,.

title: bladzij


text: bladzijtje

title: bladzijtje


text: bladzijen

title: bladzijen


text: 严重

title: 严重


text:
嚴重

Adjective

 * 1) serious; critical; severe

title: 嚴重


text:
polygame

Adjective

 * 1) polygamous

Noun

 * 1) polygamist

title: polygame


text: Category:Finnish terms prefixed with hyper-


text: 名气

title: 名气


text:
Brose

Etymology
Shortening.

title: Brose


text:
名氣

Noun

 * 1) reputation; fame; name

title: 名氣


text: Category:Finnish terms suffixed with -mätön


text:
之一

Postposition

 * 1) one of

title: 之一


text: 季节

title: 季节


text: 图钉

title: 图钉


text:
圖釘

Noun

 * 1) thumbtack; drawing pin

title: 圖釘


text:
Citations:heteroradical

 * adjective meaning "having different roots"

 * 1884, William W. Valentine, Comparative Study of the New High German Language, Carl H. Heintzemann (publisher), page 21:
 * The distinction here [of substantives that name objects with sex] is expressed:
 * 1) By independent words from special and distinct roots (heteroradical forms): Mann, man; Frau, woman, etc., etc., etc. (Lat. vir, femina.)
 * 2) By means of derivation

title: Citations:heteroradical


text:
-oter

Etymology
, from, from +.

Suffix

 * 1)  Forming verbs from other verbs, with a diminutive or frequentative sense

title: -oter


text: Category:French terms suffixed with -oter


text: zhīyī

title: zhīyī


text:
défroque

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) cast-offs, rags

title: défroque


text:
雅皮士

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) yuppie

title: 雅皮士


text:
嬉皮士

Noun

 * 1) hippie

title: 嬉皮士


text:
嬉皮

Etymology
, influenced by native Chinese.

Noun

 * 1) hippie; hippy

title: 嬉皮


text: User:Humboldt

title: User:Humboldt


text: 百事可乐

title: 百事可乐


text:
百事可樂

Idiom

 * 1)  all things are pleasurable

Etymology 2
.

Proper noun

 * 1) Pepsi

title: 百事可樂


text:
былыт

Etymology
From, compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  cloud

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  cloud

title: былыт


text: 开司米

title: 开司米


text:
開司米

Etymology
Borrowed from, from / , via.

Noun

 * 1) cashmere

title: 開司米


text:
туус

Etymology
From earlier *tūz, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) salt

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) dense, thick

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  salt

title: туус


text:
色拉

Etymology 1
Borrowed from, via.

Noun

 * 1)  salad

title: 色拉


text:
Talk:aaronite

This should be at Aaronite:, right? I've never seen it uncapitalised. Also, Aaronid: seems to be a synonym. 81.144.196.107 13:46, 2 March 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:aaronite


text:
саахар

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) sugar

title: саахар


text:
чигир

Etymology
From, itself from via , ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1) sugar

title: чигир


text:
扎啤

Etymology
Borrowed from, using the in.

Noun

 * 1) draft beer; draught beer

title: 扎啤


text:
шикир

Etymology
Borrowed from, itself from via , ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1) sugar

Etymology
Ultimately from, probably via Oirat.

Noun

 * 1)   sugar

title: шикир


text:
Ingelin

Etymology
18th century coinage from names beginning with Ing-, Inge-, such as + the ending -lin(e), as in, , , etc.

title: Ingelin


text:
чикир

Etymology
Borrowed from, itself from via , ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1) sugar

title: чикир


text:
сахӑр

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) sugar

title: сахӑр


text:
сакер

Noun

 * 1) sugar

title: сакер


text:
培根

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) bacon

title: 培根


text:
чихэр

Etymology

 * 1) From  or, compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.
 * 2) Probably transmitted via a  language from, ultimately from.

Initial is irregular and isn't found in all dialects, but there exist parallels in other 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬 languages such as 🇨🇬,  (a hapax legomenon) in 🇨🇬 or 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) sugar
 * 2) candy

title: чихэр


text:
шикр

Etymology
From, compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) sugar

title: шикр


text:
Talk:juice

There are a bucket load of derived terms for this word already on Wiktionary (e.g. orange juice, mango juice, apple juice, etc, etc). A bot should list these for us. Chop chop! ---> Tooironic 13:55, 2 March 2010 (UTC)

archaic spelling
I've encountered the archaic spelling iuyce but I'm not sure how to incorporate it here.

Adjective
Some other hits on the web for the phrase “much juicer targets”. Looks like a malapropism or pun for. But maybe somewhere in the US people think there is such an adjective. Fay Freak (talk) 11:57, 23 June 2020 (UTC)

 * ? —Suzukaze-c (talk) 23:35, 23 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Well, one finds the phrase “more exciting targets", but maybe this is not a sensation blackhats have in their daily business, and it’s still strange usage; probably exaggeration. Fay Freak (talk) 01:53, 24 June 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:juice


text:
qənd

Etymology
From, ultimately from , root , or from ; compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) sugar cube

title: qənd


text:
шекер

Etymology
From, from , from , from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) sugar

Etymology
From, from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) sugar

Noun

 * 1) sugar

Etymology
From, from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) sugar

Etymology
From a Turkic language, ultimately from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) sugar

Noun

 * 1) sugar

title: шекер


text: Template:krc-noun

title: Template:krc-noun


text:
sarılmak

Etymology
Reflexive form of.

Verb

 * 1) to hug

title: sarılmak


text:
casaquin

Noun

 * 1)  A kind of short gown associated with French working-class or peasant women.

Etymology
From. or.

Noun

 * 1)  casaquin

title: casaquin


text: casaquins

title: casaquins


text:
şerbetli

Adjective

 * 1) containing sherbet, with sherbet.
 * baklava şerbetli bir tatlıdır.
 * baklava is a dessert containing sherbet.

title: şerbetli


text:
şerbetsiz

Adjective

 * 1) not containing sherbet, without sherbet.

title: şerbetsiz


text: Category:Norwegian diminutives of female given names


text: Category:Swedish diminutives of female given names


text:
caraco

Etymology
, maybe from Mexican or from  or.

Noun

 * 1)  loose blouse
 * 2) (women's) undershirt, camisole

title: caraco


text: caracos

title: caracos


text: Βλαντίμιρ

title: Βλαντίμιρ


text:
pravidelně

Adverb

 * 1) regularly with constant frequency or pattern

title: pravidelně


text: Βουλγάρα

title: Βουλγάρα


text:
chipotage

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) nitpicking

title: chipotage


text: chipotages

title: chipotages


text:
βουλγαρικός

Adjective

 * 1) Bulgarian relating to Bulgaria or its people or language

title: βουλγαρικός


text: étrivant

title: étrivant


text: étrivé

title: étrivé


text: étrive

title: étrive


text: étrives

title: étrives


text: étrivons

title: étrivons


text: étrivez

title: étrivez


text: étrivent

title: étrivent


text: étrivais

title: étrivais


text: étrivait

title: étrivait


text: étrivions

title: étrivions


text: étriviez

title: étriviez


text: étrivaient

title: étrivaient


text: étrivai

title: étrivai


text: étrivas

title: étrivas


text: étriva

title: étriva


text: étrivâmes

title: étrivâmes


text: étrivâtes

title: étrivâtes


text: étrivèrent

title: étrivèrent


text: étriverai

title: étriverai


text: étriveras

title: étriveras


text: étrivera

title: étrivera


text: étriverons

title: étriverons


text: étriverez

title: étriverez


text: étriveront

title: étriveront


text: étriverais

title: étriverais


text: étriverait

title: étriverait


text: étriverions

title: étriverions


text: étriveriez

title: étriveriez


text: étriveraient

title: étriveraient


text: étrivasse

title: étrivasse


text: étrivasses

title: étrivasses


text: étrivât

title: étrivât


text: étrivassions

title: étrivassions


text: étrivassiez

title: étrivassiez


text: étrivassent

title: étrivassent


text: vautrant

title: vautrant


text: vautré

title: vautré


text: vautre

title: vautre


text: vautres

title: vautres


text: vautrons

title: vautrons


text: vautrez

title: vautrez


text: vautrent

title: vautrent


text: vautrais

title: vautrais


text: vautrait

title: vautrait


text: vautrions

title: vautrions


text: vautriez

title: vautriez


text: vautraient

title: vautraient


text: vautrai

title: vautrai


text:
vautras

Verb

the best gta player to exist on planet earth, he is the fastest and the most accurate.

title: vautras


text: vautra

title: vautra


text: vautrâmes

title: vautrâmes


text: vautrâtes

title: vautrâtes


text: vautrèrent

title: vautrèrent


text: vautrerai

title: vautrerai


text: vautreras

title: vautreras


text: vautrera

title: vautrera


text: vautrerons

title: vautrerons


text: vautrerez

title: vautrerez


text: vautreront

title: vautreront


text: vautrerais

title: vautrerais


text: vautrerait

title: vautrerait


text: vautrerions

title: vautrerions


text: vautreriez

title: vautreriez


text: vautreraient

title: vautreraient


text: vautrasse

title: vautrasse


text: vautrasses

title: vautrasses


text: vautrât

title: vautrât


text: vautrassions

title: vautrassions


text: vautrassiez

title: vautrassiez


text: vautrassent

title: vautrassent


text: moutonnant

title: moutonnant


text: moutonné

title: moutonné


text: moutonne

title: moutonne


text: moutonnes

title: moutonnes


text: moutonnons

title: moutonnons


text: moutonnez

title: moutonnez


text: moutonnent

title: moutonnent


text: moutonnais

title: moutonnais


text: moutonnait

title: moutonnait


text: moutonnions

title: moutonnions


text: moutonniez

title: moutonniez


text: moutonnaient

title: moutonnaient


text: moutonnai

title: moutonnai


text: moutonnas

title: moutonnas


text: moutonna

title: moutonna


text: moutonnâmes

title: moutonnâmes


text: moutonnâtes

title: moutonnâtes


text: moutonnèrent

title: moutonnèrent


text: moutonnerai

title: moutonnerai


text: moutonneras

title: moutonneras


text: moutonnera

title: moutonnera


text: moutonnerons

title: moutonnerons


text: moutonnerez

title: moutonnerez


text: moutonneront

title: moutonneront


text: moutonnerais

title: moutonnerais


text: moutonnerait

title: moutonnerait


text: moutonnerions

title: moutonnerions


text: moutonneriez

title: moutonneriez


text: moutonneraient

title: moutonneraient


text: moutonnasse

title: moutonnasse


text: moutonnasses

title: moutonnasses


text: moutonnât

title: moutonnât


text: moutonnassions

title: moutonnassions


text: moutonnassiez

title: moutonnassiez


text: moutonnassent

title: moutonnassent


text: chipotant

title: chipotant


text: chipoté

title: chipoté


text:
chipote

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  bump on the head
 * 2)  bulge, lump
 * 3)  slap blow with the open hand
 * 1)  slap blow with the open hand

title: chipote


text: chipotes

title: chipotes


text: chipotons

title: chipotons


text: chipotez

title: chipotez


text: chipotent

title: chipotent


text: chipotais

title: chipotais


text: chipotait

title: chipotait


text: chipotions

title: chipotions


text: chipotiez

title: chipotiez


text: chipotaient

title: chipotaient


text: chipotai

title: chipotai


text: chipotas

title: chipotas


text:
chipota

Etymology
Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) child
 * 2) baby

title: chipota


text: chipotâmes

title: chipotâmes


text: chipotâtes

title: chipotâtes


text: chipotèrent

title: chipotèrent


text: chipoterai

title: chipoterai


text: chipoteras

title: chipoteras


text: chipotera

title: chipotera


text: chipoterons

title: chipoterons


text: chipoterez

title: chipoterez


text: chipoteront

title: chipoteront


text: chipoterais

title: chipoterais


text: chipoterait

title: chipoterait


text: chipoterions

title: chipoterions


text: chipoteriez

title: chipoteriez


text: eye-strain

title: eye-strain


text: chipoteraient

title: chipoteraient


text: chipotasse

title: chipotasse


text: chipotasses

title: chipotasses


text: chipotât

title: chipotât


text: chipotassions

title: chipotassions


text: chipotassiez

title: chipotassiez


text: chipotassent

title: chipotassent


text: enrouant

title: enrouant


text: enroue

title: enroue


text: enroues

title: enroues


text: enrouons

title: enrouons


text: enrouez

title: enrouez


text: enrouent

title: enrouent


text: enrouais

title: enrouais


text: enrouait

title: enrouait


text: enrouions

title: enrouions


text: enrouiez

title: enrouiez


text: enrouaient

title: enrouaient


text: enrouai

title: enrouai


text: enrouas

title: enrouas


text: enroua

title: enroua


text: enrouâmes

title: enrouâmes


text: enrouâtes

title: enrouâtes


text: enrouèrent

title: enrouèrent


text: enrouerai

title: enrouerai


text: enroueras

title: enroueras


text: enrouera

title: enrouera


text: enrouerons

title: enrouerons


text: enrouerez

title: enrouerez


text: enroueront

title: enroueront


text: enrouerais

title: enrouerais


text: enrouerait

title: enrouerait


text: enrouerions

title: enrouerions


text:
Γιωργάκης

Proper noun

 * , the male given name.

title: Γιωργάκης


text: enroueriez

title: enroueriez


text: enroueraient

title: enroueraient


text: enrouasse

title: enrouasse


text: enrouasses

title: enrouasses


text: enrouât

title: enrouât


text: enrouassions

title: enrouassions


text: enrouassiez

title: enrouassiez


text: enrouassent

title: enrouassent


text:
Citations:get forward

 * 1843, Thomas Carlyle, Past and Present, book 3, ch. VII, Over-Production
 * To the man who works, who attempts, in never so ungracious barbarous a way, to get forward with some work, you will hasten out with furtherances, with encouragements, corrections; you will say to him: “Welcome, thou art ours; our care shall be of thee.”

title: Citations:get forward


text: Category:el:Rivers

title: Category:el:Rivers


text: sanctuaires

title: sanctuaires


text:
poitevin

Etymology
, from, from , from , of origin. Equivalent to.

Adjective

 * 1)  of Poitou or Poitiers; Poitevin

Noun

 * 1) Poitevin dialect of Poitou

title: poitevin


text:
saintongeais

Adjective

 * 1)  Saintonge

Noun

 * 1) Saintongeais or Saintongese (language)

title: saintongeais


text:
cartulaire

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) cartulary

title: cartulaire


text: cartulaires

title: cartulaires


text: stamp hinges

title: stamp hinges


text:
Klabusterbeere

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  dingleberry (US English) / clingon (British English) dried fecal matter adhering to anal hair

title: Klabusterbeere


text: Klabusterbeeren

title: Klabusterbeeren


text:
à mi-chemin

Etymology
+

Adverb

 * 1) halfway, midway half way to a place, or between two place
 * 2) in the middle of, mid-
 * 1) in the middle of, mid-

title: à mi-chemin


text:
mi-chemin

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  the midway point

title: mi-chemin


text: contreforts

title: contreforts


text:
Ευγενία

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * , Eugenia
 * 1) Any of the martyrs or saints whose feast day in the Greek Orthodox tradition is 24 December.

title: Ευγενία


text:
seigneurie

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  An area governed by a seigneur (French noble).
 * 2)  The estate of a seigneur.
 * 3)  The official residence of a Seigneur.
 * 1)  The official residence of a Seigneur.

Translations

 * Armenian: սենյորություն
 * Turkish:

Etymology
From, from. Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) fiefdom, seigniory, lordship
 * 2)  feudal manor

title: seigneurie


text: seigneuries

title: seigneuries


text: Category:Breton terms suffixed with -ek

title: Category:Breton terms suffixed with -ek