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Talk:Macedonia

Macedonia
I just wanted to express my opinion that I consider this edit laudable and conducive to establishing neutrality, since FYROM is the way UN refers to the country. The IP comes according to WHOIS from Greece and that is a latent exhortation for all editors to show reverence for the UN as an international organisation and respect for the position of his country which is member of leading international organisations such as UN, EU unlike the country in quæstion. Last, but not least, FYROM is a succinct and unambiguous notion and does not involve obfuscations like country A, provisionally called B, sometimes referred to as C, whose irredentistic name is D.... Let us adhere to UN FYROM terminology, ok? Bogorm 23:00, 17 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Let me note here that "FYROM" is wrong. At the very least it should be "fYROM". It isn't a question of some arbitrary "neutrality", it is a question of usage. (and Bogorm, if I may be uncharitable for a moment, your pushing of "Former", capitalized, is just as much a dead giveaway of your position is when a Republican in the US says "Democrat" as an adjective, rather than "Democratic".) The provisional designation is just that: a designation. Which no party, including Greece thinks is the name of the country.

 * I've protected (temp) against IP (and specifically not Bogorm ;-). And no, we are not the UN. Robert Ullmann 23:16, 17 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Of course you would consider that edit laudable because those of your position on the dispute love that 5-letter acronym because ethnic Macedonians cringe at the thought of it. The main arguement for editors of your side is that the UN says the name is FYROM, therefore it is neutral. Well, this is not the UN. "Republic of Macedonia" is not amiguous either; there is only one republic with the name "Macedonia". Local hero 23:48, 17 February 2009 (UTC)
 * (to LH) I am not concerned about ambiguity, but about irredentism. It is the same, as if Bulgaria is named San-Stefanic Republic of Bulgaria, I hope you understand what that would mean. (to RU) I did not intend to edit the article on my own, I just expressed support for the Greek IP. I did not understand the capitalisation rule, though, why should the first letter be a minuscule? In w:Federal_Republic_of_Germany the official name is Federal R. of G., not federal R of G, where is the difference? Probably the reason is that FYROM does not designate itself as FYROM and thence no capitalisation? As for Greece, here it is clear-cut expounded: Στην Ελλάδα αναφέρεται ενίοτε ως Δημοκρατία των Σκοπίων, Σκόπια, κράτος των Σκοπίων, ΠΓΔΜ = In the Hellenic Republic it is sometimes referred to as Republic of Skopie, Skopie, the state of Skopie (bold in the source, not by me). It is evident that in none of these Greek variations do the Greeks associate the name of their geographical region and province with the state. Bogorm 08:36, 18 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Right, f should be decapitalised as it, unlike the Federal ..., is not a translation of an official name, but exogenous appellation produced by the pressure of the Republic of Athens. But, since English has no officially proscribed orthography on things like this, we should probably link to the most common spelling (I don't know which one of these is, is case-sensitive Google search possible at all?).
 * We all understand Bulgarian/Greek viewpoint on this naming issue, but we all also know that the Greeks are notoriously allergic to either any mention of historical presence of Slavic speakers on the territory of the Republic of Athens (in the 7th-9th century entire continental Greek was Slavicised, which can bee seen from thousands of toponyms in there, lots of which Greeks artificially erased in the 20th century), or the possibility of denying the "exclusiveness" of the term of Macedonia for the modern-day Greek province. Which is, when you think about, ridiculous as both Hellenes and Macedonia are substratum (non-Indo-European) loanwords in Greek (Greek itself also exogenous - of Latin/Illyrian origin). So the usage of "fYROM" would also be irredentistic thru modern Macedonian eyes, Greeks/Bulgarians trying to appropriate something that historically was never exclusively theirs (Ancient Macedonian of Alexander the Great being mutually unintelligible with Greek, and the dialect ancestral to modern standard Macedonian being polarised from the dialect ancestral to modern standard Bulgarian at the time of OCS writings in the 9th century when neither Macedonian or Bulgarian nation existed). So the whole fuss against the Macedonia is exaggerated and artificial IMHO. --Ivan Štambuk 09:31, 18 February 2009 (UTC)
 * The Bulgarian nation exists since 479, when it was officially mentioned as allies of Emperor Zenon, or if you associate nation with state, since 632, i. e. approximately 14 centuries. There is also an anonymous Latin inscription from 354. Or do you imply that there were no Gothic nation under Theodorich, no Frankish nation under Chlodwig? On the other hand, the first written document or literary work of the language of the modern Republic of Skopie emerged in the 1920es first in the Comintern circles and after Tito gained power, in official Yugoslavia. Republic of Athens, thru - this must be some sort of slang English, please, do not complicate the conversation with such argot vocabulary. Bogorm 10:51, 18 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Bulgarian nation in 479? :))) Perhaps I was mypioc or something reading those Old Bulg^H^H^H^H Church Slavonic MSS, but the language in there is always self-referred to as "Slavic" (slověnьskyi). I mean, in 479CE there was no Slavs at the stage of history, and Slavic nations got "reinvented" after the spread of Slavic speech with the rise of Avar qagante in the 6th-8th century, and for the next 1000 years (when modern Slavic nations were forged by ruling elites) in tens of thousands of attestations the autonym was always "Slavic". IMHO Macedonians don't have any less right to the term Macedonian just because their national consciousness rose a bit later (esp. if you consider that originally the term referred to neither Greeks nor Bulgars/Bulgarians). About the thru spelling - I grew addicted after reading it a couple of hundred times on this site the other day, sorry :) Seems much more "proper" to me when I think about it. --Ivan Štambuk 12:18, 18 February 2009 (UTC)
 * No Slavs in 479 AD - that is the clue, I meant Protobulgarians who established their first state in 632 and were known in historical sources with their national name since 479/354. The Bulgarian nation exists since 632 as mainly Protobulgarian and since 679 as Slavic-Protobulgarian, which is the basis of our origin. As it is not my prærogative to narrate the history of my nation here nor it is the destination of the current talk page to discuss thereon, I suggest swerving from that topic. Bogorm 12:49, 18 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Ivan, the ancient Macedonian dialect was a Greek dialect. There was not official Greek language, since there was not official Greek state that time. Ancient Macedonians were Greeks. They have the same Gods as the rest of Greeks, same name as the rest of Greeks, participating in Olympic Games as the rest of Greeks. The name Makedonia is Greek, just like Alexandros, Philippos, Thessaloniki, Voukefalas. Also during the first Christian Era, Apostle Paul wrote two letters to Thessalonians and one to Philippians (both cities in Ancient Macedonia and modern Greek Macedonia), all of them in Greek of course. Greeks have a continuity of language and culture and study ancient Greek philosophy. Aristotelis was from Stageira (Macedonia), was Plato's student and teacher of Alexandros. I think there is no need to proof what is obvious. The state of fYROM just keeps stealing Greek and Bulgarian history. This is why they forced to change their first flag (The Vergina Sun/Star) because it was something Macedonian and thus Greek. It is is irrational to called people of Bulgarian origin, who use serbian script and claim parts of Bulgarian history as Macedonians. Greece has no problem with Slavic population. There is only problem with those who disrespect Greek history. It is quite obvious that a nation without nationality and history tried to get any possible history available. Just tell me when is the first time that the word macedonia is being found in slavic script. There are about 2,500,000 Greeks in Macedonia, being proud for being both Macedonians and Greeks. They are culturally and geographically related with Ancient Macedonia, so any use of the name of Macedonia to refer any population other than the original Greek is anti-historic, anti-scientific and rude towards Macedonia's history.--HIZUMI 17:21, 18 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Actually, the question of what Macedonian was is by no means settled. Certainly the most common explanation is that it was related to Greek, but it's generally put as a sister group to Greek, not a subset (although there are certainly plenty of folks who call it a Greek dialect).  Interestingly, some have recently noted some striking similarities to Slavic languages (wouldn't it be funny if it turned out to be a Slavic language after all? :-)).  In short, it is certainly Indo-European, but the paucity of attested Macedonian records makes any more specific assertion necessarily tenuous.  Also, Paul wrote all his letters in Greek, including his letter to the Romans, yet no one would take that as evidence that the Romans were originally Greek speakers, but rather as evidence that Greek was a lingua franca of the whole empire.  Also, it is probably wise to recall that Macedon of Alexander's time took on a great deal of Greek culture (as opposed to inheriting it), such as religion and Attic speech.  Let's not pretend that Macedon had been a big player in Greek life up to this point.  -Atelaes λάλει ἐμοί 22:39, 19 March 2009 (UTC)

Macedonia
Please, do not remove the etymology, as both claims may cohabitate tranquilly. The Doric one is at least straightforward and mainstream, but for the second any source would not prove to be superfluous. Bogorm 12:49, 18 February 2009 (UTC)

 * That Doric "etymology" is obsolete folk-etymologised rubbish which has no place on Wiktionary. Robert Beekes is by far the most renowned expert for Pre-Greek substratum words and we cannot compare him with some far-fetched Greek nationalist ideologically-motivated explanations in which the -dnos suffix (non-IE, non-Greek) is left as an unsolved mystery. --Ivan Štambuk 12:55, 18 February 2009 (UTC)

 * I am not sure about this innovative person you quoted who is supportive of the non-Greek origin, but the next defamation of the explication of a Swedish professor in linguistics as folk etymology can be perceived as libelling. Bogorm 13:20, 18 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Perhaps you haven't noticed, but Beekes actually discusses Frisk's analysis (and dismisses is). Frisk's dictionary is more than half a century old and completely obsolete. Here are the relevant quotes in case you missed them: An analysis μακε-δνος is impossible in an IE word and  Not cognate with μακ-ρός, μῆκ-ος. Once again: Frisk's analysis is not some "traditional" and "classical" one, but obsolete one. --Ivan Štambuk 13:30, 18 February 2009 (UTC).

Ivan Stambuk You say makednos is not congate with mhkos. Why in my Cretan dialect that is also a Doric dialect we say a makrus antras instead of pshlos antras? The makrus is used to express the height of a man in my dialect which is Cretan and is derived from Doric.

 * OK, would you agree to use the formulation chosen by our standard Ancient Greek wizard? If he feels that the relationship with μῆκος or μακρός needs to be mentioned, I'll agree too (not that I have any problem with mentioning of the alternative theories, it's just that giving possible undue prominence to obsolete theories is what bothers me). --Ivan Štambuk 13:34, 18 February 2009 (UTC)

 * This is your interpretation. Please, do not belittle Frisk's profound and convincing research. The dictionary was issued in 1960, 2009-1960=49<50. The question is whether Professor Frisk feels that it must be mentioned and he did. Please, respect that. I would agree to switch the first and second place in either-or, but not to obliterate any of them. Bogorm 13:36, 18 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Why this hostility towards Greece, has it inflicted something baleful on Croats? Why this zest to confute the Greek origin of the geographical region? It is true that Byzantium did not like those Slavs in its territory who refused to speak Greek and to permeate the rich Greek culture, but Byzantium was an empire and as such it cannot be associated with Greece, there were many other peoples - Armenians, Egyptians before the Arab conquest, Assyrians and many more. Bogorm 13:41, 18 February 2009 (UTC)

OK, I left Jesse a note. He seems to be very buy in the last few weeks, so it might take some time before we receive an answer. I assure you that my involvement with the etymology of this particular word has nothing to do with "hostility towards Greeks" or Greek culture, whom I deeply respect. OK, I probably am a bit biased against the ideologically-motivated etymologies, or those that fuel some myths (plenty of those at the Balkans..), but in this particular case the traditional explanation is just silly. Indo-European historical linguistics has made some giant steps since the 1950s, especially with regard to what's today commonly dubbed as laryngeal theory (it has nothing to do with real laryngeals). Moreover, Robert Beekes is an expert on Pre-Greek substratum, and can spot such "anomalous" words (that cannot be derived from PIE, or formed with the usual Ancient Greek derivational morphology) on sight. Here you can find a paper of him on phonology and word structure of this Pre-Greek. I'll just quote two paragraphs from that PDF, that illustrate 2 important points IMHO (the bias against pre-Greek explanations in previous etymological dictionaries of Ancient Greek, and the obsoletness of pre-laryngeal-theory explanations). "But if we know which variations frequently occur, we are warned to consider Pre-Greek origin if we  find  them. The existing etymological dictionaries often seem to 'avoid'  the conclusion that a word is a substratum element. It is remarkable that Chantraine was quite aware of  he question in his Formation, but has very often withdrawn his - in my view correct - evaluation in his dictionary. It seems as if substratum elements were not welcome."

"Our knowledge of Indo-European has grown so much, especially in the last thirty years with notably the growth of the laryngeal theory, that we can in some cases say that an Indo-European reconstruction is impossible. A good example is the word γνάθος To explain the -a- of this word we need to introduce a 'second laryngeal' (h₂). However, a preform *gnh₂dʰ- would have given Gr. *γνᾱθ- with a long a. One might think that assuming *h₂e would remedy the problem, but *gnh₂edʰ- would give *γαναθ-, so we would have again a problem. The conclusion is that no Indo-European proto-form can be reconstructed, and that the word cannot be Indo-European. There is no problem in assuming a Pre-Greek word (though the word has no typical characteristics of Pre-Greek). - Another example is the word κρημνός 'overhanging bank', for which a connection with κρέμαμαι 'hang (up)' seemed evident. However, we now know that long vowels cannot be postulated at random, and here it is simply impossible: there is no formation type that would allow a long vowel. The objection is confirmed by the fact that there is no trace of the expected α < *h₂  (as in κρέμαμαι < *kremh₂-). Positively one can say that features of the landscape are often loanwords from a substratum. The inevitable conclusion is that the word is Pre-Greek.

The more we know about Indo-European, the less is possible. As our reconstructions become more and more precise, they have to conform to all the rules we have established by now. This holds for all etymological work: in a way, then, it becomes more difficult. This also regards Pre-Greek, as indicated: for some forms an Indo-European origin is no longer possible."

So, essentially, this has everything to do with the advancement of linguistic science, and the scholarly freedom from the confines of "politically incorrect" etymological explanations (Pelasgian vulgarisms in noble Greek), as often the case was with Pre-Greek words. --Ivan Štambuk 14:18, 18 February 2009 (UTC)
 * I cannot figure out how two independent professors, one French and one Swedish can be influenced by the ideologically-motivated etymologies, or those that fuel some myths (plenty of those at the Balkans. If you seek political motivation at any cost, rememebr that the Republic of Skopie was not recognised by France (but the Dictionnaire Étymologique... was issued 23 years before the breakup of Yugoslavia), but was recognised by the USA, just to mention. Howbeit, I shall make myself familiar with this new US non-IE theory. I advocate the representation of both theories in the section and am against the removal of any of them - I did not dare to erase the non-IE claim, but only tagged it as unsourced, as I did to the established, mainstream, cogent one, until I find more sources. Let the reader make oneself familiar with both possibilities and decide on one's own which to embrace, please be tolerant to them, especially when the first originates from two independent sources. Bogorm 14:32, 18 February 2009 (UTC)

 * They were influenced in a sense that they ignored "abject" and "ignoble" alternative explanations, even though these were very much known to them (well, not really to Frisk, at his time the Pre-Greek research was in its infancy). With the advancement of modern IE scholarship, obsolete theories must be discarded and replaced with new ones, much more likely. And please, this is not some "US theory" - FYI Beekes works at the University of Leiden (the last stronghold of the glottalic theory of PIE, but fortunately for us, unlike some of the other proponents of that school, Beekes completely ignores the glottalic framework for the etymological dictionary he is currently writing). It is up to us (in this case, Atelaes :) to decide which one of those theories is corroborated by the most substantiated evidence, and which one should be and how presented to the reader. 99.9% of Wiktionary users have no knowledge of pre-Gree or PIE, and wouldn't care less if we gave them the explanation of makednos being brought to Greeks by Martians. --Ivan Štambuk 14:46, 18 February 2009 (UTC)
 * must be discarded and replaced ... Beekes completely ignores the glottalic framework - the worse for this person. Please stop promoting some innovative new age theories which emerged after the inflammation of the Macedonia naming dispute. It is not very difficult to fathom that the impact of the recent political altercations around the Republic of Skopje can't have spared the theories or at least their authors can't have remained callous to that. Therefore do not disparage further Chantraine's and Frisk's explications who enlighten us about the ineptitude of some Macedonist far-fetched fabrications of any connection whatsoever between Vardar Bulgarians and Ancient Macedonians. I will tell you an analogous advancement of linguistic science - after Nikolaj Derzhavin, a leading Russian historian, exposed the Iranian origin of the Proto-Bulgarians in the 20es and 30es, a myriad of Stalinist aparatchiks began after his death to promote the tosh about their Turkic origin and even oppressed the linguist Georgy Turchaninov in his quest for the meaning of the acient Alanian and Proto-Bulgarian inscriptions (must be discarded! ). That overshadowed and crippled the Bulgarian historiography for 5 decades until our historians reached the same conclusion as Derzhavin and Turchaninov. So, please, show more respect to the venerable Swedish and French professors! There is a suffix donos, don, which added to the derivation of mekos, produces Macedonian, thereby corroborating the Hellenic origin of Macedon and their indissoluble connection with the Ancient Greek language and culture, all is IE and as clear-cut as possible. Bogorm 15:07, 18 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Trust me, rejecting glottalic theory of PIE is Good Thing, as that theory is rubbish (it might hold for pre-PIE, definitely not for Late PIE, but pre-PIE glottalic theory is unfortunately unprovable as IE doesn't have any known genetically related families to compare to (though North-West Caucasian and Uralic are fairly good candidates)). I also assure you that laryngeal theory is not some "innovative new age theory" ;) and that mr. Beekes has absolutely zero personal or ideological take when explicating the etymology of makednos (the suffix is -dnos, not -donos). I have respect for Frisk and that French dude as much as I have for Isaac Newton and Archimedes - their theories were correct in their respective timeframes, but today need to be replaced by much more likely scenarios. --Ivan Štambuk 15:34, 18 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Professor Pierre Chantraine! I am dumbstruck given the fact that you mentioned his name in your quotation, but you still refer to him as “French dude”... strange. Bogorm 16:00, 18 February 2009 (UTC)
 * I didn't feel like scrolling the mouse up to copy/paste his name..with what he's done per Beekes (crime against intellectual honesty and freedom), he deserves nothing less IMHO ;) --Ivan Štambuk 16:05, 18 February 2009 (UTC)
 * No, it is your Mr. Beekes, who has perpetrated all those misdeeds by persevering in this diehard non-IE hocus pocus (you did not even mention what substratum that was! - Thracian (IE though!), Sea peoples..., what kind of substratum???, Sea people №2, Highlands people №1?), there is one marvellous German word, hervorzaubern, here is the best description for that. (Too bad that we do not converse in German...) Bogorm 16:21, 18 February 2009 (UTC)
 * My perseverance on non-IE focus is plainly due to it being by far the most probable explanation, and this word is problematic enough that it better had all the folk-etymologised and obsolete rubbish wiped away. Whether the Pre-Greek substratum is IE or not is doubtful..according too Beekes it prob. is not (-dnos suffix is non-IE). It was certainly not Thracian and has nothing to do with "Sea People (among which there were Greek tribes according to Egyptian records BTW), that's for sure. I wouldn't know that German word, maybe you should create it to illustrate its applicative convenience? --Ivan Štambuk 21:48, 18 February 2009 (UTC)
 * hervorzaubern = conjure up, conjure into existence. I would have added the German translation, if one of those two had been created, but as you see, the meaning is specific. Expurgating the sourced theory supported by two venerable linguists by simply pushing a brand new version is one-sided, to put it mildly. What was the reason to exhort me to shew tolerance, when you are now eager to obliterate the sourced, established theory in favour of a substratum which you do not even know of which language family is?? (In mine opinion, one-directional tolerance is worse than intolerance) Well, you claim that mentioning substrata in etymologies of IE languages was discouraged, this is simply not true! V. I. Abaev mentions in his Etymology dictionary of Ossetian Caucasian substrata on every 3rd page, even though he is Ossetian. When they are inept and far-fetched, they are inept and far-fetched, or at least fail to provide a satisfactory, cogent or even a little bit more circumstantial informatian. Abaev at least knows that his substrata are Caucasian, but this here... Bogorm 22:20, 18 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the explication on semantics of that German tongue-twister (aren't they all). Once again I reiterate the essence of my arguments: this is not just about listing various theories: it is about questioning the relevance of the theories expounded when modern interpretative framework of comparative Indo-European linguistics, as well as that of pre-Greek substratum evidence, did not really exist, or was not deliberately taken into account by intellectually dishonest etymologists (like that French dude). We are now light years ahead. The way the etymology section currently lays out "competing" theories is not only degradeful towards the one incarnating the pinnacle of modern scholarship, propounded by Robert S. P. Beekes, but also peculiarly misleading to a reader where "fancy" explanations are listed first, with no mention of their untenability by modern scholarship, in a suggestive and apparently straightforward cogitation that μακεδνός can be scanned as μακε-δνός (non-existing derivational morpheme in either Greek or PIE), or the second part being a "zero-grade" derivative of underlying suffix -δόνos (only 1 match for the development similar to that, plus the problem that zero-grade cannot be postulated wherever one imagines it to be, only in roots where it regularly morphophonologicaly ablauts with other vowels, having etymologically-compatible matches in cognate words). Furthermore, any kind of relationship of the aforementioned with μῆκος, μακρός or μηκεδανός is strictly etymologically impossible (despite the apparent superficial semantic compatibility) and thus ad-hoc.
 * Ossetian abounds with substratum words as Ossetians migrated to Caucasus in historical period (Tatar incursions it was, IIRC) and have merged with native cultures. This is particularly pertinent to Hellenic civilisation which itself rose to prominence after the two-wave invasion of Hellenic speakers obliterated native cultures, as it implies rather recent ethnocultural discontinuity, which is disturbing to Greek nationalists and indoctrinated Hellenophiles which would rather postulate Greek being spoken in Upper Paleolithic on the entire Balkans. We must not succumb to nationalist-driven mythomania and history-fabricating propaganda machinery, at least not under the silly arguments of "NPOV" and "political correctness" of presenting badly outdated linguistic research on a par with cutting-edge one. --Ivan Štambuk 23:11, 18 February 2009 (UTC)

A list of words of uncertain etymology: ἀφρός, γέφυρα, μηχανή, ῥέμβω, ἄνθρωπος, ἔλδομαι, ἄρκευθος, ἀγχίλωψ, κάμπτω, ῥάβδος, μαρμαίρω, θρῆνος, τόξον etc. So far, we have treated all these cases in the same way. Couldn't we do just the same thing here? --flyax 22:56, 18 February 2009 (UTC)

 * First thing's first, let's contain the controversy. If the origin is in dispute, then the dispute needs to be localized.  So, I've trimmed the etymology for this entry down to the fairly straightforward bits, and will also do so for .  I suggest we move our discussion to Talk:μακεδνός, the talk page for an entry which I will shortly create.  While that does little to solve the issue at hand, it does take Macedonia, and any nationalist nonsense which we don't need in our discussion out of it.  Beekes does not seem to have a terribly strong case to make, and so I think it would be imprudent to simply dismiss other theories.  On the other hand, Beekes' opponents don't have an incredibly strong case either, and Beekes has rather more modern research on his side.  I suggest the etymology show the traditional etymology, but give it less credence.  Since I will be the one writing it, that is what we'll start with.  :-)  -Atelaes λάλει ἐμοί 00:06, 19 February 2009 (UTC)

 * I am fine with the current formulation though I still hold that way too much prominence is given to obsolete theories that we know today are 100% wrong. This amounts to mentioning flat-Earth theory on the Wikipedia article on Solar cycles just because it used to be general communis opinio of scholars for centuries before the advent of scientific methods dispelled Biblical myths. However, I cheerfully acclaim the advancement of linguistic science, looking forward to the day when mr. Beekes' research will penetrate all the standard handbooks and manuals, obsoleting the "politically correct" 20th century scholarship in the dustbin of history, thus making it inappropriate to make even mention of it existing. --Ivan Štambuk 10:03, 19 February 2009 (UTC)
 * The quæstion is closed, please do not incandesce it afresh. flyax and Atelaes (Beekes does not seem to have a terribly strong case to make) consider that it is worth mentioning both theories. Just because something is new, it does not mean it is a step in the right direction. By changing, science can either approach the truth or divert itself from it and in this particular case we both defend each one of these two possibilities, respectively. Lysenko's ideas were also innovative and brand-new but I hope you (and Mr. Beekes) know how all this ended. These were not scholars, they were clergymen and theologians. Which means that the mediæval opinio could not have been of scientists, before the science emerged in the 16th century. Bogorm 10:14, 19 February 2009 (UTC)
 * They were scientist by their contemporary criteria, using their faulty methods to deduce truth on natural phenomena. They also intentionally inhibited the advancement of modern scientific methods (based on experimental verification of hypotheses, postulated on the basis of infallible self-supportive mathematical structure), by throwing to jail anyone who disagreed on their "proofs". In both cases, of mediaeval orthodox monk-scientists and 20th century etymologists turning a blind eye on "unwelcome" theories, the net result is ultimately the same - hindering the one and only truth from the masses, ultimately leading to superstition, mythomania and general degradation of collective intellect of humanity.
 * OK, now that we've done with this, perhaps we can relocate our confabulations on other amusing etymons, like the etymology of - the decomposition to el- and relation to electron and Helios is most entertaining. You can prob. assume how mr. Beekes etymologises this obscure ethnicon. --Ivan Štambuk 10:35, 19 February 2009 (UTC)
 * No, not again. It took me one whole morning yesterday to disprove the claims of that Leiden chap by finding out Pierre Chantraine and Hjalmar Frisk, I do not want to sacrifice another one. Please, spare the etymology of Hellenic, may it stay as it is, ok? Anyway, it is in my watchlist, so that I can defend the sound theory again against the encroachments of Lysenko-like innovations, if necessary. This words dude, jail... it took me a while to understand that in standard (not slang) English their correspondence is chap, gaol... You almost infected me with the first, but I rectified myself... Bogorm 10:46, 19 February 2009 (UTC)
 * English language has no institutional body regulating its "properness"! (unlike most of the other languages), so there are no "standard" and "non-standard" words. There is nothing less english in d00d than in chap, if you ask me. Anyhow, I've expanded the etymology of exogenous non-Indo-European Hellenic ethnicon Ἕλλην with the research of world's foremost expert on Greek substratum, in order to provide Wiktionary readers insight into the cutting-edge of modern Indo-European studies. But I promise not to touch it (or any other (topo)nomastics lexeme) further. --Ivan Štambuk 14:11, 19 February 2009 (UTC)
 * By standard I meant non-slang, otherwise the vocabulary except the unrefined vocabulary. chap is at least marked as informal and although I struggle to evade informal words, this time I was provoked by your too familiar reference to Prof. Pierre Chantraine. As for Ἕλλην, I am deeply aggrieved by your edit and by the fact that both Chantraine and Frisk do not go beyond Σελλοί in their explications, i. e. in that case I cannot write a sourced and sound counterbalance to the obfuscting substratum-claim. Professor Chantraine explains notwithstanding that Commes bien des termes géographiques ces mots sont sans étymologie which you and the Leiden chap are evidently disregarding. Bogorm 16:51, 19 February 2009 (UTC)

Boy, you two sure like to bicker. A couple things the you might want to keep in mind: First, Bogorm, a lot of the sources you're working with are outdated. You've been told this time and again, and yet you seem to keep forgetting or refusing to listen. Now, just because a scientist is from the past does not mean that everything they say is wrong, but it would be silly to ignore modern research and the previous claims which it has repudiated. However, historical linguistics is a bit more reliant on older work than other disciplines (a fact which Ivan would do well to remember), simply because no one cares where Ancient Greek words came from (and why should they? Such knowledge does not feed hungry people, cure diseases, or stimulate the world economy.). Thus, we have a great deal less research to draw upon than, say, physics. If someone were to cite sources as old as yours, Bogorm, within a discussion of physics or cell biology, they would be immediately dismissed and laughed off the stage, so to speak. As people working in an area with such a paucity of good research, we need to do what we can with the few modern researchers in existence, and also take older researchers a bit more seriously than we'd like, simply because we have less to go on. Finally, as a native English speaker (the only one involved in this convo, as far as I can tell), I'd like to note about dude and jail. To begin with, jail is not slang, not at all. It is simply American. American English is every bit as valid as British English. If you'd like to limit your learning of English to stodgy/archaic British English, that is certainly your right. I will admit that I tend to temper my own English with archaisms such as "whom" and "shall." The difference is that I know that such things are largely obsolete, and have the good sense not to tell other people that their language is "wrong." Any worthwhile linguist knows that the only measure of valid language is comprehension. So, as much as a sentence which uses the word "like" a dozen times in a single sentence irks me, it is completely correct English (incidentally, I helped my roommate write a paper on the many uses of the word "like" in modern English. It's, like, a totally robust word). Also, you may want to note that modern American English is the more influential of the English dialects, and such a course of education may leave you as the odd one out in the future, just so you're aware. Dude is indeed slang, but no more so than chap. Chap is older, and so perhaps carries with it a slightly greater degree of formality, but not much. Again, the difference is largely one of regions. -Atelaes λάλει ἐμοί 22:25, 19 February 2009 (UTC)
 * I am aware that jail is not slang, just regional, I never wanted to imply that. Chap is tagged in its entry here as informal and I only used it after Ivan made use of dude, id est I did not initiate the usage. I would certainly not have shewed causticity if Ivan had called dude anyone but Pierre Chantraine, that was the main reason for me to object. I do not intend to conceal my prædilection for archaic/obsolete English words as well and did not mean any harm with referring to his source as chap, it served only as a retort. Bogorm 23:12, 19 February 2009 (UTC)

 * I concur on the influenciality part: in Croatia (and mesuspects also in lots of European countries) schools officially (in theory) teach British English, but nevertheless I never saw the spelling gaol for jail in my lifetime before Bogorm mentioned it (in fact I had to look it up), and the last time I heard chap spoken on TV was on Monty Python shows. Bogorm's strong predilection for "proper" and "improper" English comes from his background with languages in which the properness is dictated by certain academic institution which prescribes which spellings and words are more "proper" than the others. Since such institution lacks for English, the nearest equivalent would be the most proper British English (as a place of the "origin" of the language). However, since linguistic development of modern-day English has for the last 5 centuries been taking place outside its historic "homeland", it's pointless to apply the same argument as the resulting divergent dialects are all historically equivalent with respect to the Middle English speech they originated from. IMHO, no person in the world one can tell you that your mother tongue is not "proper" enough, as opposed to some imaginary literary standard that has been bestowed prestigious by some fancy suits on the basis of some imaginary criteria (being used by some great writes, or spoken by most of the population). Same is valid for both "slang" and "archaic/obsolete" words - both categories are IMHO imaginary. I mean, words are not computer protocols that they can grow "obsolete". Literary lexis can never become obsolete, it can only just hibernate until it regains usage by people freed from the confines of "properness". Bogorm himself uses some of the "obsolete" spellings (naïve, quæstion..) not to mention the obscure words one can never encounter in spoken languages, as opposed to dude which is spoken daily prob. more times than all of those obscure words B used combined in the last 100 years. So the "properness" of words, pronunciations and meanings is just another face of modern-day intellectual hypocrisy IMHO. --Ivan Štambuk 23:12, 19 February 2009 (UTC)
 * naïve is not obsolete, it is not even dated, it is the standard. As is façade. Check their entries out, if you have any doubts. Bogorm 23:17, 19 February 2009 (UTC)

 * In this case, I have to agree with Bogorm. "naïve" is actually in use, as is "façade."  They may well be two of perhaps five words in English which are commonly spelled with nonstandard characters (nonstandard for English orthography, that is).  "quæstion," on the other hand, is most certainly not in use.  -Atelaes λάλει ἐμοί 23:24, 20 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Well, it's at least 2-3 orders of magnitude less frequent than naive, which should prove the point. --Ivan Štambuk 00:13, 21 February 2009 (UTC)
 * I've scanned through this entire discussion and I've come to one conclusion: geeks need to get out more.

The original Macedonia
Hello! I would like to ask what is the original Macedonia in you opinion? Is there such a thing? Can there be an original China, or an original Italy? That definition was very illogical so I removed it, but my edits were reverted later. Also, the article states that Vardar Macedonia is a term used in Bulgarian to describe the Republic of Macedonia, as a statehood, as a republic, which of course isn't true, so I removed that too, but it was later also reverted. Any opinions on this subject? My edits were regarded as a non-NPOV, while I was trying to make the article be a NPoV. And to elaborate on that-the original Macedonia being Greek, implies that the "other Macedonias" are fake, a fraud, copycats... And I ask you, how is this NPoV? As a matter of fact, there can't be an original Macedonia, as there can't be an original Denmark. And about the Bulgarian definition, just ask any Bulgarian about the official stance of the Rep. of Bulgaria on the matter, is this country ever called Vardar Macedonia? They'll say no, that's a name used for that region-so we can thus concur that it should not be listed in the country translation entries. Please do reply, because if I edit any further, I feel a block coming my way, as admins these days first revert, and then ask questions. Guitardemon666 19:55, 16 March 2009 (UTC)

 * I've removed the def, as it was redundant with the adjacent one, and, as you note, was poorly worded. Quick reverts are a necessity on a project with such a low admin/page ratio.  It has its drawbacks, to be sure, but we wouldn't be able to keep this site maintained if we were much more polite.  -Atelaes λάλει ἐμοί 20:03, 16 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Well I wasn't exactly expecting politeness. Being considerate is what I would prefer calling it. I understand the low admin/page ratio problem, as I myself am an admin on the Macedonian Wikipedia (which has a great deficit of admins), but regarding sensitive subjects one must be considerate and pay more attention to detail, because you never know what kind of an argument actions of such sort might spark off. I'm not saying I was offended or anything, because we both well know that this article is likely to be vandalized, or politicized at least, but anyway greater attention is needed (and not just reversion of any changes by a user whose username doesn't sound familiar). Anyway I'm glad you removed it from the article, because it really made no sense whatsoever. I'm (or consider myself at least) as neutral as they get, so I don't like being labeled a nationalist or anything of the like. Cheerio! Guitardemon666 20:37, 16 March 2009 (UTC)
 * And I am incensed that you removed it based on some claims of a native user (defending NPOV ?! ) for some arguable politicising, when we are talking about history here and not about the præsent meaning of the noun. The erased definition must be restored with or without the Template:historical, with or without the replacement of original with Ancient and an additional definition with or without historical: the region of modern East Thrace during the Middle Ages be added. References from Byzantine chronicles will be provided, if it need be. There are three geographical meanings of this word through the centuries and not one, as Guitardemon666 tries to præsent it. The uſer hight Bogorm converſation 08:05, 17 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Well, I am original Bulgarian and I can confirm that Vardar Macedonia is not used to refer to the country, but is used to refer to the geographical region where it stretches. Guitardemon666, I am not sure what your knowledge in history is, but yes, in ancient times Macedonia was the region around Thessaloniki, which never stretched to modern FYROM and during Byzantine times all Byzantine chronicles mean the region between Adrianopolis and Constantinople when they mention Macedonia (which again had no single common square kilometre with present-day FYROM), so mine opinion is that we need not only one definition for the ancient region of Macedonia (which is the Easternmost part of what is now the geographical region of Macedonia) and another one for the Byzantine meaning. The uſer hight Bogorm converſation 07:37, 17 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Ancient Macedonia was a part of Greek world. As far I know, mostly for political reasons, a group of Bulgarians started call themselves Macedonias, around the end of 19th century. It is obvious that there is no relationship between the former Yugoslave Republic of Macedonia with ancient Macedonia, so there must be a definition to clarify things.--HIZUMI 06:50, 18 March 2009 (UTC)

 * I'm not here to judge your eyesight (or it's not your eyesight, it's just that you εθελοτυφλείτε... you Greeks will understand this), but does this tell you something Bœgœrm, æh?

 * Translations country in the Balkan Peninsula

 * Just why did you restore the term Vardarska Makedoniya in that section? Is Vardarska Makedoniya a translation of what is written above? Well, you said it yourself (being an original Bulgarian, as you put it) - it's not. As far as the ancient kingdom goes, no one ever disputed that. It's just that there is no such thing as an Original Macedonia. This is not Nike or Adidas to be original. One more thing, Δημοκρατία της Μακεδονίας (Republic of Macedonia, in Greek) is a term used in Greece, want it or not, and I can show you quite a few examples of it too, here's one. So it also needs to be listed. FYROM or not, the article's name is Macedonia, and the translations of the country with that name (which is only one, at the moment at least) also have to be listed as such, not as some made up names that Bœgœrm uses. BTW Bœgœrm, being a native speaker of a language doesn't make me not have a NPOV, nor does it make me a resident of the country in question. Ever thought of that? --Guitardemon666 23:25, 18 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Guitardemon, you obviously do not (or do not want to) understand when the term is used in Bulgarian, although I exprest myself unambiguously. It is used to designate the geographical region of the country in quæstion and I clarified that with a remark! I am not the only Bulgarian here interested in this issue, so if the other ones had considered the term inappropriate, they would have changed it. Additionally, compare how German (Als Vardar-Mazedonien wurde der nördliche Teil ...  bezeichnet - which explains why it cannot be added under German) and Bulgarian Wikipedia (Вардарска Македония  е названието на частта от географската област Македония - which explains why it can and should be added under Bulgarian) treat the notion:  The uſer hight Bogorm converſation 07:46, 19 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Guitardemon, please do not distort my nickname with French œ, because it does not originate from French. You are obviously unfamiliar with the orthography of archaic English (in order to be familiar, one must have some knowledge of Latin orthography) which used æ and œ, so your essays to write Wœlcœme on my talk page on mk wiki are maladroit. The uſer hight Bogorm converſation 07:53, 19 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Well, since we're talking in a language that no longer uses æ, œ or ſ (or at least the entire world seems to think so, except you), one would probably assume that you write them just for fun. If not, then you should assume that I write those letters just for fun. You still do understanding me, don't you? Just as æ, œ or ſ don't prevent me from understanding your version of the English language, so my æ, œ and ſ don't prevent you from understanding mine. Back on our subject there is another article for the term Vardar Macedonia, so that's where your Vardarska Makedoniya should go, not here, because this one is for everything known as Macedonia, be it the country, the region, or the salad. Guitardemon666 13:36, 19 March 2009 (UTC)

 * In Greece, only some communists (not all) call FYROM "Republic of Macedonia". The overwhelming majority uses just "Skopia". Of course I do not believe that you may think that a name referred by some communists for political reasons is correct. Politics often go against history, as it is obvoius in many cases. By the way, ironically, the link you show me opposes FYROM's NATO entrance, (the reason FYROM calls Greece a fascist state...).Macedonia is one, the Greek one. FYROM is not Macedonia, as it has no relationship with Ancient Macedonia, while Greek do. (Both geographically and culturally).--HIZUMI 20:39, 19 March 2009 (UTC)

Middle Ages
There is one whole article explaining what Macedonia meant in the Middle Ages, take a look at the article on Wikipedia and on the above map and then if someone still thinks that there is only one Macedonia, then he has problems with either eye-sight or geography. If someone has doubts about the neutrality of the above map, may he look at Freeman's map from his Atlas to Historical Geography here and if anyone finds overlapping points with præsent fYROM, may he apprise me thereof. The uſer hight Bogorm converſation 08:14, 17 March 2009 (UTC)

New thread
Ok, so I see we've had quite the mess in some of the previous threads, and so I'm beginning anew. I think that the defs have progressed somewhat since I last viewed them, which is encouraging. There aren't any that say "the original", which seems like progress to me. So, let me begin by saying that I want none of this talk about "correct" vs "incorrect" nor whether someone is truly "Macedonian" or not (as if that means anything). Wikipedia might care about such things, but Wiktionary does not (and quite frankly, neither do I). We do not care if whether a word is incorrect, or if it is used by communists, but only if it is used (and can be proved to have been used). We do not care whether someone is "actually" from Macedonia or not, but rather whether someone has used the word Macedonia in describing them. Additionally, while the foreign terms have merit in translations sections, they don't really have bearing on the English defs. So, I believe that one thing we could do to make the various senses and their interrelationships more clear is to order them in historical order, which I will shortly attempt to do. Please feel free to much with my ordering and defend your mucking on this thread. -Atelaes λάλει ἐμοί 22:55, 19 March 2009 (UTC)

Note that since the trans tables all have glosses, we can leave them in the order they are currently in until we get the def order more solidified. -Atelaes λάλει ἐμοί 22:56, 19 March 2009 (UTC)

Ah, I see that Robert's protected the page, so for most of those involved, you'll have to simply argue for a position, and see if you can convince an admin to execute it (which is probably for the best, actually). -Atelaes λάλει ἐμοί 22:58, 19 March 2009 (UTC)

(I'm a bit late but...) It's OK, no need to argue, I just wanted to make a point what is and what isn't the correct usage of the word, not who's a commie and who is stealing history and who's been having a national awakening. Leave those things to Wikipedia, I'm here just to let users know how a certain thing is called in all the other languages I know, no difference whether the term is something I like or not (I don't like fYROM and I don't like pork, but I shouldn't enter a distorted definition of those terms). So I think the article looks just fine now, if there are any other PoV's I'll be on my toes :)  guitardemon  (user talk)   23:02, 9 May 2009 (UTC)

New name
I just want to be sure there is consensus before I move any pages. The name has changed, and major English-langauge sources have already started using it. So should we reflect this change? Antondimak (talk) 13:21, 9 February 2019 (UTC)

Translations
It seems the translations for the country of North Macedonia are a bit confusing. Should we make a clear distinction between the terms "Macedonia", "North Macedonia" and "former Yugoslav Republic of North Macedonia" and their translations in each language? Antondimak (talk) 13:26, 9 February 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Macedonia


text:
thiopental

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  A barbiturate C11H18N2O2S (trademark Pentothal) used in the form of its sodium salt especially as an intravenous anesthetic; and as a supposed truth serum.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: thiopental


text:
soppressata

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Any of various types of Italian dry-cured pork salami.

title: soppressata


text: askebægeret

title: askebægeret


text: askebægret

title: askebægret


text: askebægere

title: askebægere


text: askebægre

title: askebægre


text: askebægerne

title: askebægerne


text: askebægrene

title: askebægrene


text: galeries

title: galeries


text:
sínodo

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1)  synod ecclesiastic council or meeting
 * 2)  synod administrative division of church

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) synod

title: sínodo


text:
cogote

Etymology
From, from , now obsolete.

Noun

 * 1) nape of the neck

title: cogote


text:
Citations:steeler

sense: part of a ship

 * 1812, Henry Weber, footnote to The Knight of the Burning Pestle, in The Works of Beaumont and Fletcher, volume 1, James Ballantyne and Company, page 159:
 * This passage proves that the tiller there mentioned was a steeler.
 * 1921 May 20 or May 25, "Perry's Victory Memorial", document 35 in Senate Documents, 67th Congress, 1st session, volume 2, Government Printing Office, page 56:
 * The steeler in the dead wood aft, instead of being of planks, was carved out of a single piece of wood. From stem to sternpost the Niagara is 118 feet long, has a 30-foot beam, and a draft of about 9 feet.

title: Citations:steeler


text:
bisagra

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) hinge

Etymology
, variant of.

Noun

 * 1) hinge

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) hinge jointed or flexible device that allows the pivoting of a door etc.

title: bisagra


text:
žádostivý

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) desirous, avid
 * 2) greedy, covetous

title: žádostivý


text:
headspring

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) A fountainhead; a source.
 * 2)  A basis or foundation.
 * 3)  A move in which the gymnast places both hands on the mat with the top of the head about 6 inches in front, pushes off with the hands while flipping the legs overhead, and lands on the feet.
 * 4) A spring that sits at the top of a mechanism, pushing the internal parts inward.
 * 1)  A move in which the gymnast places both hands on the mat with the top of the head about 6 inches in front, pushes off with the hands while flipping the legs overhead, and lands on the feet.
 * 2) A spring that sits at the top of a mechanism, pushing the internal parts inward.
 * 1)  A move in which the gymnast places both hands on the mat with the top of the head about 6 inches in front, pushes off with the hands while flipping the legs overhead, and lands on the feet.
 * 2) A spring that sits at the top of a mechanism, pushing the internal parts inward.
 * 1) A spring that sits at the top of a mechanism, pushing the internal parts inward.
 * 1) A spring that sits at the top of a mechanism, pushing the internal parts inward.
 * 1) A spring that sits at the top of a mechanism, pushing the internal parts inward.

Verb

 * 1)  To perform a headspring.

title: headspring


text: headsprings

title: headsprings


text:
Citations:ticktock

 As to whether he backed Mr. Geithner’s decision to introduce the bank bailout plan before arriving at specifics, Mr. Summers, well schooled in Washington’s ways, invoked newspaper slang for behind-the-scenes tales.

“I just don’t do ticktock,” he said flatly.

title: Citations:ticktock


text:
hyperglycemic

Adjective

 * 1) Having (or producing) excessively high blood sugar.

Derived terms

 * hyperglycemia
 * hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketoic coma
 * hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketoic coma

Translations

 * French:
 * German: hyperglykämisch,
 * Italian: iperglicemico

Noun

 * 1)  A drug used to treat hyperglycemia.

title: hyperglycemic


text:
sicómoro

Noun

 * 1) sycamore, a species of maple native to Europe and Southwestern Asia

Etymology
, from +.

Noun

 * 1) sycamore

title: sicómoro


text: hypothecates

title: hypothecates


text: hypothecating

title: hypothecating


text: hypothecated

title: hypothecated


text:
hypodermic needle

Noun

 * 1) A hollow needle with a sharp point intended to puncture the skin to draw a fluid from under the skin or inject a fluid under the skin, used as part of a hypodermic syringe.

Translations

 * Danish:
 * Finnish: injektioneula
 * French:
 * Polish: igła podskórna
 * Tibetan: སྨན་ཁབ
 * Vietnamese: kim tiêm dưới da

title: hypodermic needle


text: hypodermic needles

title: hypodermic needles


text: housetrained

title: housetrained


text: housetrains

title: housetrains


text: housetraining

title: housetraining


text:
lebrel

Etymology
, from, from.

Noun

 * 1) hound,  sighthound, whippet

title: lebrel


text: shit-disturber

title: shit-disturber


text:
cebú

Etymology
, ultimately from a source.

Noun

 * 1) zebu

title: cebú


text: secoya

title: secoya


text:
Talk:chassis

Etymology
Chassis derives directly from greek capsis/καψίς meaning 'small case'. (capsa/κάψα -> case, capsis/καψίς -> small case). If it was a Latin word, the ending for 'small' in female nouns would be '-ella' and not '-is' as it is characteristic for greek. In a possible latin origin we would had: capsa (case) -> capsella (small case) and not capsis and thus chassis in french.
 * The term *"καψίς" is so far unattested in Wiktionary; I cannot find the term in Lewis & Short 1879.
 * The etymology of Latin "capsa" is treated in the entries for "case" in English dictionaries. There, Century 1911, Webster 1913 and Online Etymology Dictionary agree that Latin "capsa" is from Latin "capere" ("capio"). Lewis & Short 1879's entry "capsa" has "capio" as a root. Merriam-Webster Online contains a weakened claim that Latin "capsa" is probably from Latin "capere".
 * If you want to replace this referenced etymology with another one, you will need to provide references I am afraid, and even then it would be preferable to state both referenced hypotheses rather than replacing one referenced hypothesis with another referenced hypothesis. --Dan Polansky 15:55, 4 October 2010 (UTC)
 * That was for Latin "capsa". For English "chassis", several dictionaries derive it from Latin "capsa"; MWO does not, and stops at Middle French "chasse" instead. --Dan Polansky 15:59, 4 October 2010 (UTC)

Plurality
The plural is listed as the same as the singular (chassis) but I thought it might be "chasses" because when I pronounce it plural I'm pretty sure it changes from a short I to a long E sound. "Chas Sis" vs "Chas Sees" basically. Ranze (talk) 00:03, 9 June 2015 (UTC)

 * Some words do end in -es and have that sound, e.g. Aristophanes, bases (from basis), but it wouldn't make sense for a word borrowed from French like this one. Equinox ◑ 23:39, 30 October 2019 (UTC)

Cambridge Grammar of the English Language
Such French borrowings as chassis (and chamois, corps, faux pas, patois, rendezvous) have base plurals in writing but not in speeech. Nouns like species which have identical singular and plural forms with ﬁnal s take a bare genitive in the singular as well as the plural, and in writing this will apply to nouns like chassis too. --Backinstadiums (talk) 18:32, 30 October 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:chassis


text:
atsisėsti

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to take a seat

title: atsisėsti


text:
Khabarovsk

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Proper noun

 * , in the Russian Far East.

Translations

 * Arabic: خَابَارُوفْسْك
 * Armenian:
 * Belarusian: Хаба́раўск
 * Bulgarian: Хаба́ровск
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech: Chabarovsk
 * Danish: Khabarovsk
 * Estonian: Habarovsk
 * Finnish: Habarovsk
 * French:
 * Georgian: ხაბაროვსკი
 * German:
 * Greek: Καμπαρόφκ
 * Hebrew: חברובסק
 * Hindi: खाबारोव्स्क
 * Hungarian:
 * Japanese: ハバロフスク
 * Korean: ^하바롭스크
 * Macedonian: Хаба́ровск
 * Manchu: ᠪᠣᡥᠣᡵᡳ
 * Mongolian: Хабаровск
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: Khabarovsk
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian: Хабаровск, Habarovsk
 * Spanish:
 * Thai: ฮาบารอฟสค์
 * Ukrainian: Хаба́ровськ
 * Vietnamese: Khabarovsk

title: Khabarovsk


text:
Хабаровск

Etymology
From, from the surname of , in Russian , a Cossack explorer.

title: Хабаровск


text:
wohlerzogen

Adjective

 * 1) well-behaved

title: wohlerzogen


text:
tapeless

Adjective

 * 1)  Not using or requiring tape, such as audio or video tape

title: tapeless


text:
postconcert

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) Occurring after a concert.

title: postconcert


text: takfiris

title: takfiris


text:
takfiri

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  A radical Muslim who excommunicates other Muslims, or accuses them of apostasy.

title: takfiri


text: triages

title: triages


text: triaging

title: triaging


text: triaged

title: triaged


text:
systematicity

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  The state or quality of being systematic.

title: systematicity


text:
exchange zone

Noun

 * 1) The area in which the baton must be passed from one runner to another during a relay race.

title: exchange zone


text:
synchronically

Adverb

 * 1) In a synchronic way; at the same time.

title: synchronically


text:
swimmable

Adjective

 * 1)  Able to be swum in or across

title: swimmable


text:
supersimple

Adjective

 * 1) Extremely simple

title: supersimple


text:
superspeedway

Noun

 * 1)  A motor speedway at least two miles in length

title: superspeedway


text:
superhigh

Adjective

 * 1) Extremely high

title: superhigh


text: superspeedways

title: superspeedways


text:
summerlong

Adjective

 * 1) Extending throughout a summer

title: summerlong


text: submillimetre

title: submillimetre


text:
suburbanization

Noun

 * 1) The process of suburbanizing, of population movement from cities to suburbs

Translations

 * Czech: suburbanizace
 * French:
 * Greek:
 * Irish: fo-uirbiú

title: suburbanization


text: subregionals

title: subregionals


text:
subregional

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to a subregion

Noun

 * 1)  A tournament, especially a qualifier, held below the regional level

title: subregional


text: talkiest

title: talkiest


text: talkier

title: talkier


text:
submillimeter

Adjective

 * 1)  Less than a millimeter in size.

Noun

 * 1)  A unit or measurement that is less than a millimeter.

title: submillimeter


text:
subpersonal

Adjective

 * 1)  Of or pertaining to factors underlying the personal level of moral explanation, such as biological or chemical factors

title: subpersonal


text:
submarining

Noun

 * 1) The design, construction and use of submarines

Translations

 * Italian: sommergibilismo

Adjective

 * 1) Tending to strike unexpectedly, in the fashion of one who submarines

title: submarining


text:
sublinear

Adjective

 * 1) Placed below a line of text.
 * 2)  Almost but not quite linear in shape.

Adjective

 * 1)  sublinear

title: sublinear


text:
subjectivist

Adjective

 * 1)  Regarding subjective experience as fundamental.

Translations

 * Finnish: subjektivistinen

Noun

 * 1) One who subscribes to subjectivism

Translations

 * Finnish: subjektivisti

title: subjectivist


text:
subfloor

Noun

 * 1)  The floor structure supporting and underlying the visible flooring or other finishing surface such as a carpet

Translations

 * Greek:
 * Italian:

title: subfloor


text: subfloors

title: subfloors


text: stymieing

title: stymieing


text: subjectivists

title: subjectivists


text: stepgrandchildren

title: stepgrandchildren


text:
stepgrandchild

Noun

 * 1) The stepchild of one's own child.
 * 2) The grandchild of one's wife or husband by a previous partner, or the child of one's stepchild.
 * 1) The grandchild of one's wife or husband by a previous partner, or the child of one's stepchild.

Translations

 * German: Stiefenkelkind, Stiefenkel
 * Spanish: nieto político, proyerno
 * Swedish: styvbarnbarn

title: stepgrandchild


text:
strongside

Etymology
+

Adjective

 * 1)  Of or pertaining to the strongside linebacker position, which typically lines up across from the tight end

title: strongside


text:
stratospherically

Adverb

 * 1) In a stratospheric manner, or to a stratospheric degree
 * 2)  By way of or in regard to the stratosphere
 * 1)  By way of or in regard to the stratosphere

title: stratospherically


text: stewarding

title: stewarding


text:
staredown

Noun

 * 1)  A game or confrontation in which two individuals intently gaze at each other, until the other individual is forced to blink or turn away.
 * 2)  A confrontation in which each party waits for the other to yield.

title: staredown


text: staredowns

title: staredowns


text:
squishable

Adjective

 * 1) Able to be squished or compressed
 * 2) * March 2003, Backpacker - Vol. 31, No. 211
 * On group trips, we like to bring a squishable football. It's light (just a few ounces), packable, and universally popular: Who doesn't love a game of two-hand touch in the great outdoors?
 * On group trips, we like to bring a squishable football. It's light (just a few ounces), packable, and universally popular: Who doesn't love a game of two-hand touch in the great outdoors?

title: squishable


text:
squawky

Adjective

 * 1)  Resembling a squawk; raw and grating
 * 2) Making squawking sounds.
 * a squawky chicken
 * a squawky chicken

title: squawky


text:
spectatorship

Noun

 * 1) The state or quality of being a spectator

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: katsojuus
 * Russian:

title: spectatorship


text:
spoonable

Adjective

 * 1)  Able to be dipped into with a spoon.

title: spoonable


text:
specifiable

Adjective

 * 1) Able to be specified

title: specifiable


text: spacewalkers

title: spacewalkers


text:
spacewalker

Noun

 * 1) An astronaut engaging in a space walk or other activity outside the spacecraft.

title: spacewalker


text:
sonofusion

Noun

 * 1)  A nuclear fusion reaction hypothesized to occur during sonoluminescence.

title: sonofusion


text:
songcraft

Etymology

From, sometimes after.

Noun

 * 1)  The practice or skill of crafting or composing songs.

title: songcraft


text:
sonero

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  An improvising lead singer in salsa music

title: sonero


text: soneros

title: soneros


text:
snus

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) A type of tobacco snuff consumed in the form of a moist powder which is placed under the upper lip, without chewing, for extended periods of time.

Translations

 * Estonian: mokatubakas, huuletubakas, tups
 * Finnish:
 * Hungarian: snüssz
 * Icelandic: snus, snustóbak
 * Japanese: スヌース
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: snus
 * Swedish:

Etymology 1
From the verb.

Noun

 * 1) snuff

Etymology
From the verb.

Noun

 * 1) snuff

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  a type of tobacco snuff consumed in the form of a moist powder which is placed under the upper lip, without chewing, for extended periods of time
 * 2)  a portion of

title: snus


text: stewarded

title: stewarded


text: sectionals

title: sectionals


text:
semiconsciousness

Noun

 * 1) The state or quality of being semiconscious, neither unconscious nor fully aware

Translations

 * Italian: semicoscienza
 * Maori: māngina, mōngina

title: semiconsciousness


text:
selectwoman

Noun

 * 1)  A female selectman

title: selectwoman


text:
seitan

Etymology
Romaji of the which was coined by philosopher  in 1961. Ohsawa also occasionally used the kanji term from  and, the first character in.

In Japan, wheat gluten itself is usually referred to as, while seitan in particular is generally written in katakana as. Another common term for this is.

Noun

 * 1)  Specially processed wheat gluten, used as a protein-rich food.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Esperanto: sejtano
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: seitán
 * German: Seitan
 * Hungarian:
 * Japanese: セイタン, グルテンミート
 * Korean: 밀고기
 * Norwegian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish: seitán

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) seitan

Etymology
From.

Etymology
..

title: seitan


text: selectwomen

title: selectwomen


text:
semiregular

Adjective

 * 1) Somewhat regular; occasional.
 * 2)  Whose regular open sets form a base.
 * 3)  Uniform (isogonal and isotoxal) with regular faces of two or more types, such that each vertex is surrounded by the same polygons in the same order.
 * 1)  Uniform (isogonal and isotoxal) with regular faces of two or more types, such that each vertex is surrounded by the same polygons in the same order.
 * 1)  Uniform (isogonal and isotoxal) with regular faces of two or more types, such that each vertex is surrounded by the same polygons in the same order.

Usage notes

 * In geometry, usage is sometimes inconsistent. In regard to 3-dimensional polyhedra, convexity is often implicitly assumed, and the infinite classes of prisms and antiprisms may also be omitted, leaving just the Archimedean solids. Conversely, others choose the path of inclusion, admitting figures such as certain nonconvex (but still uniform), as well as the duals of all included polyhedra. (See )

title: semiregular


text:
semiserious

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) somewhat or partially serious

Translations

 * Italian:

title: semiserious


text:
shamanistic

Adjective

 * Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of shamanism.

Translations

 * Finnish: shamanistinen,
 * French:

title: shamanistic


text:
sermonizer

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) A preacher; one who delivers sermons

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * Manx: sharmaneagh, sharmaneyder

title: sermonizer


text: sermonizers

title: sermonizers


text: shushers

title: shushers


text:
shusher

Noun

 * 1) Someone who shushes, insisting on silence

title: shusher


text:
shorefront

Noun

 * 1) The area fronting on a coastline.

Adjective

 * 1) Of property or real estate: adjacent to the shore.

title: shorefront


text: shorefronts

title: shorefronts


text:
sheerly

Etymology
From, equivalent to.

Adverb

 * 1) Absolutely; purely; quite.
 * 2) At a very steep angle; precipitously.
 * 3)  At once.
 * 1)  At once.
 * 1)  At once.

title: sheerly


text:
shticky

Adjective

 * 1) Having a pronounced shtick; gimmicky.

title: shticky


text:
snoozy

Adjective

 * 1) Sleep-inducing; tedious.
 * 2) Sleepy; drowsy.
 * 1) Sleepy; drowsy.

title: snoozy


text:
skylighted

Adjective

 * 1) Furnished with one or more skylights

title: skylighted


text: snoozier

title: snoozier


text: snooziest

title: snooziest


text: record charts

title: record charts


text:
slopeside

Adjective

 * 1) Located on or near a ski slope.

Noun

 * 1) The side of a slope.

title: slopeside


text:
tokening

Etymology 1
From, , from , from , present participle of , equivalent to.

Etymology 2
From, , from , equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) The act or process of marking or designating.
 * 2) A token, sign, or proof.
 * 3) That which a thing betokens; meaning, interpretation.

title: tokening


text:
transvaginal

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  Through the vagina

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 經陰道的, 經陰道的
 * Finnish: transvaginaalinen
 * Icelandic: um leggöng

Etymology
From.

title: transvaginal


text: tokened

title: tokened


text:
wraithlike

Adjective

 * 1) Resembling a wraith; ghostly.

title: wraithlike


text:
wrister

Noun

 * 1)  A wrist shot, a shot made primarily with a wrist motion
 * 2)  A knitted wrist covering
 * 1)  A knitted wrist covering

title: wrister


text: wristers

title: wristers


text:
worksite

Noun

 * 1) A site where work occurs; usually used in reference to construction work

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * Turkish:

title: worksite


text: worksites

title: worksites


text:
worklessness

Noun

 * 1)  Unemployment; the state of being without paid work

title: worklessness


text:
wishfulness

Noun

 * 1) The state or quality of being wishful.
 * 2) Wishful thinking.
 * 1) Wishful thinking.
 * 1) Wishful thinking.

title: wishfulness


text:
translesion

Adjective

 * 1)  Extending across a lesion, often specifically a damaged section of DNA

title: translesion


text:
winegrowing

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * , the cultivation of grape vines for wine production.

title: winegrowing


text:
wicketless

Adjective

 * 1)  Having failed to gain a single wicket

title: wicketless


text: whitegoods

title: whitegoods


text: waveguiding

title: waveguiding


text: waterslide

title: waterslide


text: waterbombing

title: waterbombing


text:
wallcovering

Noun

 * 1) A covering for a wall, such as wallpaper

title: wallcovering


text:
waterbomb

Verb

 * 1) To drop large quantities of water (onto a fire) from the air

title: waterbomb


text:
voguing

Noun

 * 1)  A stylized form of modern dance characterized by photographic-style poses integrated with angular, linear and rigid movements.

title: voguing


text: vegies

title: vegies


text:
vampy

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Resembling or characteristic of a vamp; tending toward indecency

title: vampy


text:
vaccinia

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  An infection of cowpox.
 * 2)  The virus which causes this infection.
 * 1)  The virus which causes this infection.

Derived terms

 * genus of the vaccinia virus

title: vaccinia


text:
untransformed

Adjective

 * 1) Not transformed; free of any transformation

title: untransformed


text:
unselective

Adjective

 * 1) Not selective; open and inclusive.

title: unselective


text:
unscreened

Adjective

 * 1) Not screened, or not having been screened
 * 2) not protected by a built-in screen.
 * 1) not protected by a built-in screen.

Translations

 * Danish: uscreenet
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: uskjermet

title: unscreened


text:
unrelievedly

Adverb

 * 1) Utterly; absolutely; without relief

title: unrelievedly


text:
unmiked

Adjective

 * 1) Not miked; not amplified with a microphone

title: unmiked


text:
unmatchable

Adjective

 * 1) Unable to be matched.
 * 2) Uniquely good; not approached by anything else in quality or excellence.
 * 1) Uniquely good; not approached by anything else in quality or excellence.

Translations

 * Spanish:

Noun

 * 1) Something that cannot be matched.

title: unmatchable


text:
unintegrated

Adjective

 * 1) Lacking integration

title: unintegrated


text:
unflashy

Adjective

 * 1) Not flashy.

title: unflashy


text:
unplaced

Adjective

 * 1) Not assigned a place.
 * 2)  Not among the first three horses to finish a race.
 * 1)  Not among the first three horses to finish a race.
 * 1)  Not among the first three horses to finish a race.

Translations

 * Greek:

title: unplaced


text: undersupplied

title: undersupplied


text: waterbombs

title: waterbombs


text: waveguided

title: waveguided


text:
truckmaker

Noun

 * 1) A manufacturer of trucks

title: truckmaker


text:
vampier

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) A vampire folkloric blood-sucking monster.
 * 2) A vampire bat, bat of the subfamily.

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) A vampire folkloric blood-sucking monster.
 * 2) A vampire bat, bat of the subfamily.

title: vampier


text: vampiest

title: vampiest


text: truckmakers

title: truckmakers


text:
Talk:lardy

Re: the colloquial sense, "fat or overweight." Its used this way in the Belle and Sebastian song, "A Century of Fakers": "If you ever go lardy or go lame,/ I will drop you straight away." Not sure how to reference something colloquial like this.

RFV 1
Fat/overweight senses. Isn't it lardo? —RuakhTALK 19:50, 15 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Nothing wrong with it to my ear. ("Lardo" I had to think about, though.)  Bulwer Lytton used "lardiest" in 1867, so I think this is safe to say it is in long-term widespread use.  --Connel MacKenzie 15:30, 16 June 2007 (UTC)

RFV 2

 * Previous discussion: Talk:lardy.

Tagged but not listed. ( Rather, listed but then archived without having been resolved. ) Rfv-sense, two senses: an adjective meaning "(colloquial, pejorative, of a person) fat or overweight" and noun meaning "(slang, pejorative) An obese person." - -sche (discuss) 22:33, 24 August 2011 (UTC) - -sche (discuss) 17:24, 25 August 2011 (UTC)
 * I believe I've cited the adjective sense. - -sche (discuss) 22:33, 24 August 2011 (UTC)
 * How about citations for "lardies"? Those are quite easy to find. Fugyoo 23:04, 24 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Sure. It would be nice to have at least one for "a|one lardy", if possible. DCDuring TALK 23:21, 24 August 2011 (UTC)
 * I saw 'lardies' in numerous Usenet posts, but I thought (like Equinox) that most were puns on or eye dialect for 'ladies']. I also saw hints of a noun meaning "a lardy cake". - -sche (discuss) 00:33, 25 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Now cited in all senses, including the "lardy cake" noun sense I just added. - -sche (discuss) 01:50, 25 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Struck. - -sche (discuss) 20:02, 2 September 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:lardy


text:
tryna

Etymology
of.

Verb

 * 1)  a future modal indicating intent

title: tryna


text:
tripleton

Noun

 * 1)  Three cards of the same suit, held in a dealt hand

title: tripleton


text: tripletons

title: tripletons


text:
tyramide

Noun

 * 1)  A tyramine derivative

title: tyramide


text: tyramides

title: tyramides


text: twistier

title: twistier


text: twistiest

title: twistiest


text:
twisties

Noun

 * 1)  The loss of perceptual awareness of body positioning during a, , , , etc. maneuver. The loss of.

Translations

 * French: pertes de figure

title: twisties


text:
unaged

Adjective

 * 1) Not having been aged

title: unaged


text:
ultrahip

Adjective

 * 1) Extremely hip.

title: ultrahip


text:
ultracheap

Adjective

 * 1) Extremely cheap

title: ultracheap


text:
unawarded

Etymology 1
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Not (yet) having been awarded (to someone).

Etymology 2
From.

title: unawarded


text:
unbanked

Adjective

 * 1) Not having been banked.
 * 2) Not served by a bank.
 * 3)  Of a train, not having the assistance of a banker (etymology 3) when climbing a steep grade (or bank).
 * 1)  Of a train, not having the assistance of a banker (etymology 3) when climbing a steep grade (or bank).
 * 1)  Of a train, not having the assistance of a banker (etymology 3) when climbing a steep grade (or bank).
 * 1)  Of a train, not having the assistance of a banker (etymology 3) when climbing a steep grade (or bank).

title: unbanked


text:
uncalculated

Adjective

 * 1) Not calculated; lacking forethought.

title: uncalculated


text:
unconflicted

Adjective

 * 1) Not conflicted; at peace

title: unconflicted


text:
undersupply

Verb

 * 1) To provide with insufficient supplies; to supply inadequately

Noun

 * 1) An inadequate supply.

title: undersupply


text:
underserviced

Adjective

 * 1) Receiving an inadequate or disproportionately low level of service, especially from the state

title: underserviced


text: underinvested

title: underinvested


text:
undercapitalization

Noun

 * 1)  Insufficient capitalization

title: undercapitalization


text: undersupplies

title: undersupplies


text: undersupplying

title: undersupplying


text:
unfamous

Etymology
From, ; equivalent to.

Adjective

 * 1) Not famous

title: unfamous


text:
unexercised

Adjective

 * 1) Not having been subjected to physical exercise.
 * 2)  Not having been exercised
 * 1)  Not having been exercised
 * 1)  Not having been exercised
 * 1)  Not having been exercised

title: unexercised


text:
undialable

Adjective

 * 1) Unable to be reached by dialing

title: undialable


text:
underinvest

Verb

 * 1)  To invest insufficiently.

title: underinvest


text: underinvests

title: underinvests


text: underinvesting

title: underinvesting


text: out of all proportion

title: out of all proportion


text:
galský

Adjective

 * 1) Gallic, Gaulish

title: galský


text:
tapestrylike

Adjective

 * 1) Resembling or characteristic of a tapestry.

title: tapestrylike


text:
winkfest

Noun

 * 1)  A work typified by winking, either literally or in the form of ironic self-reference.

title: winkfest


text:
Galie

Etymology
.

title: Galie


text:
underdope

Verb

 * 1)  To dope at less than the optimal level for superconductivity

title: underdope


text: underdopes

title: underdopes


text: underdoping

title: underdoping


text: underdoped

title: underdoped


text: winkfests

title: winkfests


text:
Talk:managerial inbreeding

Requests for deletion/Others - kept
Kept. See archived discussion of February 2009. 07:00, 18 February 2009 (UTC)

Request for verification
I doubt that actual usage of this purported idiom conforms to sense offered. Not in OnLook references, except WP. DCDuring TALK 04:24, 10 February 2009 (UTC)

 * RFV failed, entry deleted. —Ruakh TALK 17:22, 18 December 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:managerial inbreeding


text:
vrijwilliger

Etymology
From. First attested in the 18th century.

Noun

 * 1) volunteer one engaged in volunteering work
 * 2) voluntary (para)military recruit or soldier, volunteer
 * 1) voluntary (para)military recruit or soldier, volunteer
 * 1) voluntary (para)military recruit or soldier, volunteer

title: vrijwilliger


text:
vrijwillig

Etymology
Attested since the early sixteenth century, from, probably a , which appeared somewhat earlier.

Adjective

 * 1) voluntary, of one's own accord, of one's own free will

title: vrijwillig


text: Category:Albanian appendices

title: Category:Albanian appendices


text:
gambijský

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Gambian of, from, or pertaining to Gambia, the Gambian people or the Gambian language

title: gambijský


text:
turn a trick

Verb

 * 1)  To perform a sexual service for a customer.

Synonyms

 * , ; see also Thesaurus:prostitute oneself

title: turn a trick


text:
kviete

Adverb

 * 1) quietly, leisurely

title: kviete


text:
Toxotai

Etymology
Greek

title: Toxotai


text:
turn tricks

Verb

 * 1)  To work as a prostitute, providing sexual services for money.

Synonyms

 * , ; see also Thesaurus:prostitute oneself

title: turn tricks


text:
gymnastika

Noun

 * 1) gymnastics sport

Noun

 * 1) gymnastics sport

title: gymnastika


text: Category:cs:Gymnastics

title: Category:cs:Gymnastics


text:
gymnasta

Noun

 * 1) a male gymnast

title: gymnasta


text:
gymnastka

Noun

 * 1) female gymnast

title: gymnastka


text:
deprecatio

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a warding off or averting by prayer; deprecation, invocation
 * 2)  imprecation

title: deprecatio


text:
gymnastický

Adjective

 * 1) gymnastic

title: gymnastický


text: goods and services taxes

title: goods and services taxes


text:
føler

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) feeler
 * 2) sensor
 * 1) sensor
 * 1) sensor

title: føler


text:
følte

Pronunciation

 * , (as a participle)

title: følte


text: følt

title: følt


text:
deprecazione

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) deprecation

title: deprecazione


text:
perceptio

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) a taking, receiving, collecting, gathering
 * 2)  perception, comprehension

title: perceptio


text:
articulacy

Noun

 * 1) The condition of being articulate.

title: articulacy


text:
centralist

Noun

 * 1) a proponent of centralism

Translations

 * Italian: centralista
 * Norman: centraliste

Adjective

 * 1) of or pertaining to centralism

Translations

 * Italian: centralistico

Etymology 1
Probably borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  advocate of centralised government

Etymology 2
From.

Etymology
From.

title: centralist


text: centralists

title: centralists


text: embargos

title: embargos


text:
gymnasticky

Adverb

 * 1) gymnastically

title: gymnasticky


text: kønsordet

title: kønsordet


text: kønsordene

title: kønsordene


text:
sessantaduenne

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) sixty-two-year-old

Noun

 * 1) sixty-two-year-old

title: sessantaduenne


text:
sgambata

Noun

 * 1) long walk
 * 2) warm-up

title: sgambata


text:
siliconato

Adjective

 * 1)  silicone

title: siliconato


text:
staliniano

Etymology
From the name  +.

Adjective

 * 1) of or pertaining to Stalin

title: staliniano


text:
stanziale

Adjective

 * 1)  not migratory
 * 2) resident
 * 3)  permanent

title: stanziale


text:
stortura

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) crookedness, distortion
 * 2) falsity, wrongness
 * 3) absurdity

title: stortura


text:
strettezza

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) narrowness
 * 2) scarcity, shortage, lack
 * 3)  poverty

title: strettezza


text: spisen

title: spisen


text:
spiser

Etymology 1
See.

Etymology 2
See.

title: spiser


text: spiserne

title: spiserne


text:
subirsi

Verb

 * 1) to suffer, to put up with

title: subirsi


text: spiste

title: spiste


text: spist

title: spist


text:
insubstantive

Adjective

 * 1)  Not substantive (in any sense)
 * 2)  Unable to be substantiated; unfounded

title: insubstantive


text:
telelavoratore

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) telecommuter, teleworker

title: telelavoratore


text: newbuilds

title: newbuilds


text:
telelavoro

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) telecommuting, telework

title: telelavoro


text:
newbuild

Noun

 * 1) A newly constructed building (especially one that is not yet occupied).
 * 2)  A newly constructed vessel.

title: newbuild


text:
numptyish

Adjective

 * 1)  Like a numpty; somewhat foolish.

title: numptyish


text:
telequiz

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) television quiz

title: telequiz


text:
trapuntato

Adjective

 * 1) quilted

title: trapuntato


text:
reinterview

Verb

 * 1) To interview again.

Translations

 * Dutch: herinterviewen
 * Finnish: ,

title: reinterview


text:
tremulo

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) trembling, quivering, quavering

Noun

 * 1) flutter (electronic)

Etymology
From. Attested in a seventh-century manuscript.

Verb

 * 1)  to tremble, shake

Descendants

 * Balkan Romance
 * Italo-Romance:
 * North Italian:
 * Gallo-Romance:
 * Occitano-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Gallo-Romance:
 * Occitano-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Gallo-Romance:
 * Occitano-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Insular Romance:
 * Insular Romance:

title: tremulo


text:
showstopping

Adjective

 * 1) Characteristic of a showstopper; breathtaking.
 * 2)  Critical; major.
 * 1)  Critical; major.
 * 1)  Critical; major.

title: showstopping


text:
ტიტველი

Adjective

 * 1) naked

title: ტიტველი


text:
valigione

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * : a big suitcase

title: valigione


text:
valigiona

Noun

 * : big suitcase

title: valigiona


text:
visconteo

Adjective

 * 1)  Visconti's, of Visconti

title: visconteo


text:
soullessness

Noun

 * 1) The state of being soulless

Translations

 * Polish:

title: soullessness


text:
myren

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) To confound or mire oneself especially in a religious context.
 * 2) To stain; to leave in waste.

title: myren


text: myrer

title: myrer


text: myrerne

title: myrerne


text: myrede

title: myrede


text: myret

title: myret


text:
streetlife

Noun

 * 1) Life as lived by ordinary people in urban streets.

title: streetlife


text:
kellanruskea

Adjective

 * 1) yellow-brown, xanthous

Noun

 * 1) yellow-brown, xanthous color

title: kellanruskea


text: teashop

title: teashop


text:
thinktanker

Noun

 * 1)  A member of a think tank

title: thinktanker


text: townscapes

title: townscapes


text:
townscape

Noun

 * 1) A view of a town, or a subjective image of a town
 * 2)  A depiction of an urban scene
 * 1)  A depiction of an urban scene

Verb

 * 1)  To design and lay out (buildings) as a town.

title: townscape


text:
unrejuvenated

Adjective

 * 1) Not rejuvenated.

title: unrejuvenated


text:
woodrush

Noun

 * 1) Any of several perennial flowering plants, of the genus, that have grass-like leaves.

Derived terms

 * common woodrush ( or )
 * curved woodrush
 * ( or )
 * heath woodrush
 * northern woodrush
 * spiked woodrush
 * heath woodrush
 * northern woodrush
 * spiked woodrush
 * spiked woodrush
 * spiked woodrush
 * spiked woodrush
 * spiked woodrush
 * spiked woodrush

Translations

 * Czech:
 * Finnish:
 * German: Hainsimse
 * Korean: 꿩의밥
 * Russian: ожика
 * Welsh: brwyn y goedwig, coedfrwynen

title: woodrush


text: wotsit

title: wotsit


text:
Talk:ring-bark

Why does ring barking a tree kill it?
 * Because it cuts off the supply of phloem (think of it as blood in animals) SemperBlotto 09:58, 18 February 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:ring-bark


text:
sjetý

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  stoned, high
 * 2)  worn (about tyres)
 * 3)  went downhill
 * 1)  worn (about tyres)
 * 2)  went downhill
 * 1)  went downhill
 * 1)  went downhill

title: sjetý


text: knaget

title: knaget


text: knagene

title: knagene


text:
sjíždět

Verb

 * 1) to go down, drive down, cycle down, ski down etc.
 * 2) to slip, slide
 * 3)  to get together, congregate using vehicles
 * 4)  to get stoned, high

title: sjíždět


text:
sjet

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to go down, drive down, cycle down, ski down etc.
 * 2) to slip, slide
 * 3)  to get together, congregate using vehicles
 * 4)  to get stoned, high

title: sjet


text: vicentini

title: vicentini


text: nuoresi

title: nuoresi


text: seriani

title: seriani


text: soppressate

title: soppressate


text:
asken

Etymology
From, , equivalent to.

title: asken


text: deprecazioni

title: deprecazioni


text: sessantaduenni

title: sessantaduenni


text: askene

title: askene


text: sgambate

title: sgambate


text: storture

title: storture


text: strettezze

title: strettezze


text: telelavoratori

title: telelavoratori


text: telelavori

title: telelavori


text: tremuli

title: tremuli


text: valigioni

title: valigioni


text: timidissima

title: timidissima


text: timidissimi

title: timidissimi


text: timidissime

title: timidissime


text: tenerissima

title: tenerissima


text: tenerissimi

title: tenerissimi


text: tenerissime

title: tenerissime


text: vicentina

title: vicentina


text:
cloudlessly

Adverb

 * 1) Without clouds.

Translations

 * Polish:

title: cloudlessly


text: vicentine

title: vicentine


text: cardiopolmonari

title: cardiopolmonari


text: discali

title: discali


text: seriana

title: seriana


text: seriane

title: seriane


text: siliconata

title: siliconata


text: siliconati

title: siliconati


text: siliconate

title: siliconate


text: staliniana

title: staliniana


text: staliniani

title: staliniani


text: subirmi

title: subirmi


text: staliniane

title: staliniane


text: subirti

title: subirti


text: subirci

title: subirci


text: stanziali

title: stanziali


text: subirvi

title: subirvi


text: trapuntata

title: trapuntata


text: subendosi

title: subendosi


text: trapuntati

title: trapuntati


text: subendomi

title: subendomi


text: trapuntate

title: trapuntate


text: subendoti

title: subendoti


text: subendoci

title: subendoci


text: tremula

title: tremula


text: subendovi

title: subendovi


text: tremule

title: tremule


text: viscontea

title: viscontea


text: viscontei

title: viscontei


text: subisciti

title: subisciti


text: viscontee

title: viscontee


text: subiamoci

title: subiamoci


text: subitevi

title: subitevi


text:
neurobehavioural

Adjective

 * 1) Describing the relationship between neural activity and behaviour
 * 2) Describing the assessment of neurological status by observation of behaviour

title: neurobehavioural


text: modet

title: modet


text:
neuroblastic

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to a neuroblastoma.

title: neuroblastic


text:
neurocranial

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to the neurocranium

title: neurocranial


text:
neurocranium

Noun

 * 1)  The part of the skull that encloses the brain.

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Czech: mozkovna
 * Finnish:
 * Irish: néaracráiniam
 * Italian:
 * Russian: нейрокраниум
 * Swedish: neurokranium, hjärnskål,

title: neurocranium


text:
gardedáma

Noun

 * 1) female chaperone

title: gardedáma


text: neuroenhancers

title: neuroenhancers


text:
neuroenhancer

Noun

 * 1) Any substance or device intended to provide neuroenhancement

title: neuroenhancer


text: ungareren

title: ungareren


text:
neuroenhancement

Noun

 * 1) Any of several techniques or systems intended to enhance the ability to think either by use of prosthetics or by use of electrical or chemical stimulation.

title: neuroenhancement


text: ungarere

title: ungarere


text: ungarerne

title: ungarerne


text: svastikaet

title: svastikaet


text: svastikaer

title: svastikaer


text: svastikaerne

title: svastikaerne


text:
vaaksiainen

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) crane fly; daddy longlegs

title: vaaksiainen


text:
vaapsahainen

Etymology
From, borrowed from (whence 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬). Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) wasp, bee
 * 2) crane fly
 * 1) crane fly

title: vaapsahainen


text: dræb

title: dræb


text:
dræber

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) killer (a person or a thing causing death)

title: dræber


text: dræbte

title: dræbte


text: dræbt

title: dræbt


text: atleten

title: atleten


text: atleter

title: atleter


text: atleterne

title: atleterne


text: blackwashes

title: blackwashes


text:
neurovirulence

Noun

 * 1)  virulent disease of the nervous system, especially that caused by a neurovirulent virus

title: neurovirulence


text:
nickase

Noun

 * 1)  Any enzyme that causes nicks (breaks in one strand) of nucleic acid, allowing it to unwind

title: nickase


text:
konttilukki

Noun

 * 1) straddle carrier vehicle used in ports and yards for stacking and moving containers

title: konttilukki


text:
podtržení

Noun

 * 1) underline line placed underneath a piece of text in order to provide emphasis

title: podtržení


text:
nidopallium

Noun

 * 1) A region of the avian brain, used mostly for some types of executive functions but also for other higher cognitive tasks.

Translations

 * Finnish: nidopallium

title: nidopallium


text:
straddle carrier

Noun

 * 1) A vehicle used in ports and yards for stacking and moving freight containers.

Translations

 * Finnish: konttilukki,
 * French: ,

title: straddle carrier


text:
podtrhnutí

Noun

 * 1) underline line placed underneath a piece of text in order to provide emphasis

title: podtrhnutí


text:
nipecotic

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to nipecotic acid or its derivatives

title: nipecotic


text:
prislapp

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a price tag

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a price tag

Noun

 * 1) a price tag (sometimes figuratively)

title: prislapp


text:
nipecotic acid

Noun

 * 1)  The agent 3-piperidinecarboxylic acid that acts upon GABA transporters

title: nipecotic acid


text:
nitrosobenzene

Noun

 * 1)  the nitroso derivative of benzene C6H5-NO; it is used to make azo compounds

title: nitrosobenzene


text:
vysoko

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) high
 * 2) highly
 * 1) highly

title: vysoko


text:
nonablated

Adjective

 * 1) Not ablated

title: nonablated


text:
nonablative

Adjective

 * 1) That does not cause ablation

title: nonablative


text:
nonabsorbable

Adjective

 * 1) That is not able to be absorbed; not absorbable

Noun

 * 1) A material that cannot be absorbed.

title: nonabsorbable


text:
nonabsorptive

Adjective

 * 1) Not absorptive

Related terms

 * nonabsorption

title: nonabsorptive


text:
nonactivated

Adjective

 * 1) Not activated

title: nonactivated


text:
nonadapted

Adjective

 * 1) Not adapted

title: nonadapted


text:
nonanalytic

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) Not analytic

title: nonanalytic


text:
Talk:då

How about "då" as some kind of intensifier in imperatives, like "kom igen då!", "men skratta då!" etc? HannesP 11:05, 18 February 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:då


text:
nonanemic

Adjective

 * 1) Not anemic.

title: nonanemic


text:
noncatastrophic

Adjective

 * 1) Not catastrophic

title: noncatastrophic


text:
gu h-àrd

Adverb

 * 1) high
 * 2) highly

title: gu h-àrd


text:
noncentrosymmetric

Adjective

 * 1) Not centrosymmetric

title: noncentrosymmetric


text:
nonchallenged

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) Not challenged

title: nonchallenged


text: nonclonal

title: nonclonal


text:
noncognate

Adjective

 * 1) Not cognate.

Noun

 * 1) That which is not a cognate.

title: noncognate


text:
nonconjugated

Adjective

 * 1) Not conjugated

title: nonconjugated


text:
säppikala

Noun

 * 1) leatherjacket, triggerfish any of several brightly coloured tropical fishes, of the family

title: säppikala


text:
nonconscious

Adjective

 * 1) Not conscious

title: nonconscious


text:
nonconservative

Adjective

 * 1) Not conservative.

Noun

 * 1) A person who is not a conservative.

title: nonconservative


text:
nonconstrained

Adjective

 * 1) Not constrained

title: nonconstrained


text:
nonconventional

Adjective

 * 1) Not conventional.

title: nonconventional


text:
gu h-

Particle

 * 1) Makes an adverb when placed in front of an adjective.
 * Bha e a' crochadh gu h-àrd air a' bhalla. - It was hanging high on the wall.

Usage notes

 * This form is used before vowels. Before consonants, gu is used instead.

title: gu h-


text:
noncutaneous

Adjective

 * 1) Not cutaneous

title: noncutaneous


text:
nondraining

Adjective

 * 1) Not draining

title: nondraining


text:
nonenrolled

Adjective

 * 1) Not enrolled

title: nonenrolled


text:
garantovat

Verb

 * 1) to guarantee to assure that something will get done right

title: garantovat


text:
nonerythroid

Adjective

 * 1) Not erythroid

title: nonerythroid


text:
noneukaryotic

Adjective

 * 1) Not eukaryotic.

title: noneukaryotic


text:
nonexhaustive

Adjective

 * 1) Not exhaustive

Translations

 * Finnish: ei tyhjentävä
 * German: nichterschöpfend
 * Polish: niewyczerpujący

title: nonexhaustive


text:
nonfasting

Adjective

 * 1) Not fasting.

title: nonfasting


text:
garance

Noun

 * 1) guarantee anything that assures a certain outcome

Etymology
, from, , from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬,.

Noun

 * 1) madder (plant)
 * 2) rose madder

title: garance


text:
nonfusogenic

Adjective

 * 1) Not fusogenic

title: nonfusogenic


text:
nongenic

Adjective

 * 1) Not genic

title: nongenic


text:
nonhemogenic

Adjective

 * 1) Not hemogenic

title: nonhemogenic


text:
nonhepatic

Adjective

 * 1) Not hepatic

title: nonhepatic


text:
nonhomeotic

Adjective

 * 1) Not homeotic

title: nonhomeotic


text:
nonhomogeneous

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) Not homogeneous

title: nonhomogeneous


text:
nonhyperthermophilic

Adjective

 * 1) Not hyperthermophilic.

title: nonhyperthermophilic


text:
nonimprinted

Adjective

 * 1) Not imprinted.

title: nonimprinted


text:
heichly

Adverb

 * 1) highly

title: heichly


text:
onthoofden

Etymology
From. Equivalent to modern.

Verb

 * 1) To behead, decapitate, notably as capital punishment
 * 2)  To remove the leadership, the brains etc. (from ...)
 * Zonder de voorzitter is de onthoofde raad besluiteloos
 * Without its chairman, the headless board is indecisive
 * Without its chairman, the headless board is indecisive

title: onthoofden


text:
noninbred

Adjective

 * 1) Not inbred

title: noninbred


text:
noninducing

Adjective

 * 1) Not inducing

title: noninducing


text:
nonintegrating

Adjective

 * 1) Not integrating

title: nonintegrating


text: serenities

title: serenities


text:
nonionic

Adjective

 * 1) Not ionic.

title: nonionic


text:
noniridescent

Adjective

 * 1) Not iridescent

title: noniridescent


text:
nonliterate

Adjective

 * 1) Not literate; illiterate

Noun

 * 1) A nonliterate person.

title: nonliterate


text:
nonlittered

Adjective

 * 1) Not littered

title: nonlittered


text:
nonmaximal

Adjective

 * 1) Not maximal.

title: nonmaximal


text:
nonmarine

Adjective

 * 1) Not marine

title: nonmarine


text:
nonmechanical

Adjective

 * 1) Not mechanical.

title: nonmechanical


text:
nonmetabolizable

Adjective

 * 1) Not metabolizable

title: nonmetabolizable


text:
nonmethylated

Adjective

 * 1) Not methylated

title: nonmethylated


text:
nonnucleolytic

Adjective

 * 1) Not nucleolytic

title: nonnucleolytic


text:
nonoccluded

Adjective

 * 1) Not occluded

title: nonoccluded


text:
nonoscillatory

Adjective

 * 1) Not oscillatory.

title: nonoscillatory


text:
nonpolarizing

Adjective

 * 1) Not polarizing

title: nonpolarizing


text:
nonpolymerizable

Adjective

 * 1) Not polymerizable

title: nonpolymerizable


text:
nonpolymerizing

Adjective

 * 1) Not polymerizing

title: nonpolymerizing


text:
nonpreferred

Adjective

 * 1) Not preferred

title: nonpreferred


text:
nonpure

Adjective

 * 1) Not pure; impure.

title: nonpure


text:
nonreversible

Adjective

 * 1) Not reversible; irreversible.

title: nonreversible


text:
nonrewarding

Adjective

 * 1) Not rewarding

title: nonrewarding


text:
nonribosomal

Adjective

 * 1) Not ribosomal

title: nonribosomal


text:
nonsmall

Adjective

 * 1) Not small

title: nonsmall


text:
回言

Verb

 * 1)  to reply; to respond

title: 回言


text:
俯伏

Verb

 * 1) to lie prostrate

title: 俯伏


text:
故而

Adverb

 * 1)  therefore

title: 故而


text:
驚懼

Verb

 * 1)  to be startled; to be frightened; to be afraid

title: 驚懼


text: 惊惧

title: 惊惧


text:
管領

Verb

 * 1)  to lead; to head

title: 管領


text: 管领

title: 管领


text:
mechanikai

Adjective

 * 1) mechanical related to mechanics

title: mechanikai


text:
skörbjugg

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) scurvy

title: skörbjugg