text:
Wiktionary:Votes/2007-10/Lemma entries

Lemma entries
Wiktionary:Entry layout explained does not yet distinguish between the full format typically used for lemma entries and the abbreviated format typically used for non-lemma entries. This vote seeks to describe which entries should be considered non-lemma entries and what details they should exclude. If approved, the following text will be added to in WT:ELE:
 * Voting on: Noting lemma and non-lemma entry differences in WT:ELE.
 * ===Lemma entries===
 * For English entries, the lemma form is usually the “bare” form: the singular form for nouns, the bare infinitive form for verbs, and the positive form for adjectives:
 * Lemma entries: word:, talk:, easy:
 * Non-lemma entries: words:, talks:, talking:, talked:, easier:, easiest:
 * Some kinds of words may have a different lemma form or may be handled differently, including pluralia tantum, pronouns, defective verbs, and in some cases, words in other inflected languages. Other kinds of words may have only one form, including prepositions and words from non-inflected languages.
 * Lemma entries: scissors:, they:, may:, μιλώ:, to:, 詞:
 * When the situation is unclear, editors are advised to use their best judgment on a case by case basis.

The first paragraph of the "Inflections" section will be changed to this:
 * The term of the entry is given in boldface type in the line following the "Part of speech" header. Key grammatical properties follow on the same line (e.g. gender, case, and number).  For lemma entries with other forms, the key forms are given in parentheses.  See .  For non-lemma entries, the only inflections shown in the inflection line are the headword and optionally the lemma.

The following will be appended to the paragraph in the "Definitions" section:
 * For non-lemma entries, it is sufficient to describe the relationship of the entry to the lemma form, optionally with a brief gloss of the main meaning of the lemma. See .  E.g. on words::
 * or, with a brief gloss:
 * Units of language.
 * Units of language.

The following sentence will be added to the first paragraph of the sections "Synonyms", "Further semantic relations", "Translations", "Descendants", "Derived terms", and "Related terms":
 * This section is only used for lemma entries.

 * Vote ends: 29 November 2007 23:59 UTC
 * Vote started: 30 October 2007 23:59 UTC

 * Vote created: Rod (A. Smith) 23:28, 17 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Discussion:
 * [[Image:Wikt rei-artur3.svg|20px]] WT:BP
 * [[Image:Wikt rei-artur3.svg|20px]] WT:BP
 * [[Image:Wikt rei-artur3.svg|20px]] Wiktionary talk:Votes/2007-10/Translation into lemma only

Support

 * 1) [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]] Support Rod (A. Smith) 04:29, 31 October 2007 (UTC)
 * 2) [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]] Support EncycloPetey 04:33, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * 3) [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]] Support. Forgive me, but the idea of a full definition/translation for each sense of each word form is a bad one. If the translation of pardonner seems a bit off to me, but I know that every single one of its many forms has a version of that translation, I'm certainly not going to improve all of them, and I might not even bother improving the lemma translation, as I'll know that such an improvement is suddenly a lot less worthwhile. If it seems like a verb might warrant a usage note, this will tip it over the line: I know that people looking up a form of the verb — the people who don't know which form is the lemma, and therefore seem most likely to need the usage note — aren't likely to see it, so why bother? I guess I'm being defeatist here, but I'm also being practical: I can't be the only editor whose desire to contribute has something to do with thinking his contributions will be helpful to future readers, and we stand to sacrifice a lot of potentially useful contributions from new editors who realize the barrier to helpfulness is insanely high. If we want to be maximally helpful, require the minimum number of clicks, etc., then we should seriously re-consider the possibility of using redirects where possible, which is most of the time. —Ruakh TALK 22:54, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I should clarify that I'd be O.K. with form-of entries having a bit more information, provided they make very clear that the lemma page is where the full scoop is; for example, it would be cool if, whenever foo has a usage note, there were a bot that added a usage note to foos that read simply, "The entry for foo: has usage notes; see foo." And it would be O.K., though not great, if pardonnes had a definition along the lines of " Second-person singular present indicative of pardonner ; so “[you] forgive”, roughly (but see pardonner)." But, absent any sort of specification of how this should work, I think we're better off without editors following their own half-cocked notions. —Ruakh TALK 23:57, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I don't think anyone who's functioning on a logical level wants full translations or full treatment on non-lemmas. :-) What I would like to see is just a basic translation, and maybe an example sentence. Nothing fancy, just more than grammatical terms that not everyone is going to be familiar with. Wikipedia has little "Main article" templates from which we might be able to base something similar here for these articles. Something like . — [ ric | opiaterein ] — 00:33, 2 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Hmm. The comments below suggest to me that Robert, Connel, and Cynewulf want to see full definitions, full translations, etc. in every non-lemma entry.  You, however, would support this proposal if I just modify the definitions section to make the brief gloss required instead of making it optional?  Rod (A. Smith) 02:36, 2 November 2007 (UTC)
 * NO! You are making an utterly absurd and unfounded leap from not prohibited to required. I did not say "required" and no one else did. We are seriously concerned about more complete entries being "dumbed down" by people removing content because ELE supposedly says it shouldn't be there! And people thinking that they "aren't supposed to" add definitions etc because ELE says non-lemma entries don't have them. The vote language above explicitly prohibits things that are reasonable and useful in some set of entries. The language should make it crystal clear that a non-lemma entry MAY be anything from the bare minimum soft-redirect stub to being a expanded "complete" entry. In particular that some actual English in the definition and usage examples are always desirable. Robert Ullmann 22:54, 2 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Why are you yelling? The proposal above allows for an optional brief gloss definition.  You and Ric opposed it, for one because you don't want editors to remove brief glosses.  So, I suggested that the next proposal should require a brief gloss.  What the hell do you want?  Rod (A. Smith) 23:11, 2 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm not yelling about the the definitions / tranlations gloss, I'm yelling about the flat prohibition on Translations, -onyms, etc, and the idea that the only alternative is to require them! And about the presentation which implies that stubs are the "normal" form of non-lemma entries, instead of being incomplete stubs. Robert Ullmann 00:56, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Full definitions and translations would be friggin insane. See dar. All those definitions in every article? No thanks. Like I've said (somewhere) I don't want to see full treatment of non-lemmas, just enough so that those who aren't familiar with the grammatical terms we use. If someone doesn't know what "pluperfect" or "past historic" or "genitive" mean, what good is the article? I might support this proposal if the "brief gloss" were very strongly suggested, or an example sentence required in its absence, if the word itself is impossible to translate accurately alone. I also think the "form of" information should by default go on the inflection line if there is a definition or "brief gloss" given. It just makes sense to me that way. — [ ric | opiaterein ] — 02:54, 2 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Ric, the idea of lots of people going and creating an open free dictionary of words in all languages is friggin insane ... but somehow we have 2.6 million unique headwords in 170 languages describing 401 languages. Yes. It is friggin insane. You may not want to do it; but those that think that something cannot be done should stay out of the way of those doing it. (-) Robert Ullmann 22:54, 2 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Do you think you could format such translation tables in a way that isn't an un-navigatable (yay for making up words) pile of crap? :) I've tried, but that level of organization takes an assload of work that I seriously doubt most people are going to ever want to deal with. — [ ric | opiaterein ] — 23:59, 2 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Please note that I never suggested putting the conjugation tables in the translations tables; other people have gone way way past anything I said! (We don't do that at the lemma, and no one is suggesting it, eh?) See on my talk page. We just do something like at the lemma, where we translate to (e.g.) masculine singular, or maybe a couple of forms if not too much. Likewise, talked can have "Swahili: -linena, -lisema, -liongea", very useful and perfectly reasonable. Robert Ullmann 00:50, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
 * No, that is not useful and only seems reasonable with sufficient myopia. How is a reader to know whether those are alternate translated lexemes or just alternate forms of a single translated lexeme?  It's impossible to know from that text, and the reader will need to click through to the target entry for more details.  No clicks were saved.  If we were to adopt such a system, readers would lose the consistent way to find translations that we have today.  (Should languages without tense have translations at talked:?  Should languages without number have translations at talks:?)  To find the translation of an English verb, readers should be consistently able to turn to the primary English entry (the infinitive), which nicely organizes the translations by sense, not by person, number, mood, etc.  Then, to know which specific target inflection to use, readers should be able to turn consistently to the conjugation/declension tables of lemma entries and not have to scour our site in various other nooks and crannies.  Rod (A. Smith) 01:18, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

Oppose

 * 1) [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.svg|20px]] Oppose Robert Ullmann 11:12, 31 October 2007 (UTC) very strongly
 * The premise is wrong. There is no reason why a non-lemma entry cannot be a full entry. The "soft redirect" form specified (and commonly used) should not be described as "sufficient", but as (barely) "minimal".
 * Specific sections may not be needed, but they must not be prohibited.
 * The (e.g.) plural form may have differing senses, requiring the -nyms be used for some information.
 * The forms may have different translations depending on tense and/or sense used only by that form.
 * The inflection (... form of) should be on the inflection line, the definition line should contain something in English that translates or defines the word. For most users, minimal FL form entries that say "first-person singular present tense of saltare" might as well be written in Klingon. That should be on the inflection line, and the definition line should read "(I) jump"
 * It should then have an example, or a quotation, or both; translated into English if a FL entry. Keep in mind that our users are often learning English or the FL (they are looking up a word, after all!)
 * Other: there is, for example, no reason not to put the conjugation table in each form if it is a one-line template call.
 * Most importantly: Licence must not be given to editors to go around removing content because "ELE says it shouldn't be here".
 * We have a lot of entries created by hand or by bot that are in the minimal soft-redirect form; that is fine, and the majority will probably stay that way, but they should be seen as stubs to be expanded, not in any way whatsoever recommended as the preferred form. I ran across this sort of minimal stub being created by WF when I first started here, and wondered why, was he just lazy? (The answer was a bit more complex). I created mtoto and watoto; and have spent time since thinking about this. Now see children, which in its present form would violate the proposed ELE. Would you remove content? Is it to be wrong to have a complete entry? Robert Ullmann 11:12, 31 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your feedback, but I disagree.
 * Prohibiting the extra sections in non-lemma entries focuses contributors’ efforts on the primary entries. That focus is good for this project.
 * (inlining a comment: This idea is diametrically opposed to the fundamental principle of a wiki: people will work on different things that interest them; if you tell them they aren't allowed to spend their time adding obscure details to Albus Dumbledore but should work on what you want them to "focus on", they will just leave. Robert Ullmann 23:25, 2 November 2007 (UTC))
 * Then why do we prohibit "sum of parts" entries? Rod (A. Smith) 23:28, 2 November 2007 (UTC)
 * And why do we prohibit translations between foreign languages? Those are potentially genuinely useful, and experience shows that there exist editors who want to add them. —Ruakh TALK 03:25, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
 * That's what the Wiktionaries in other languages are for... this idea seems crazy to me. Maybe you're seeing something in it that I'm not. — [ ric | opiaterein ] — 05:29, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Precisely. There is an ideal repository for many types of information.  Normative documents like WT:ELE help define such ideal repositories.  This proposal and its successor, Votes/2007-11/Lemma entries 2, seek to have WT:ELE inform contributors and readers about where best to place certain information like nuance definitions, synonyms, translations, and inflections of any given word.  With any luck, the next proposal will be much more clear about how defining “primary entry” helps in that regard.  Rod (A. Smith) 07:20, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
 * We don't include (non-idiomatic) sums of parts because we are a dictionary, and we don't include translations of between foreign language because we are an English- language dictionary (of all languages). You are both drawing false dichotomies here. There are many useful things we don't do, because they don't fit our scope or purpose, not just bcause they are more work. In this case, however, I think that inclusion of full information appropriate for a dictionary in the English language on all articles ought to be our aim. Dmcdevit·t 04:39, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Maybe we are in violent agreement, because I also think that inclusion of full information appropriate for a dictionary in the English language on all articles ought to be our aim. This and the successor proposal, Votes/2007-11/Lemma entries 2 seek to help define what's appropriate for a dictionary.  Rod (A. Smith) 07:26, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
 * If a plural form has a sense that the singular lacks, that sense is a plurale tantum, which would be treated as a lemma.
 * Spreading translation efforts across the multiple forms of lexemes dilutes translation efforts and is confusing to readers who may happen to encounter a non-lemma entry first (e.g. words:, which currently has a small translation section that should be deleted).
 * This proposal allows the lemma inflection to be shown on the non-lemma entry’s headword/inflection line.
 * This proposal allows non-lemma definitions to include translation glosses. Requiring them would be difficult in many cases and would deviate from current practice.  This proposal does not seek to introduce any new requirements.
 * This proposal does not prohibit example sentences with translations.
 * Conjugation sections should be only in the lemma entries so that readers learn to go to the lemma entry for complete details.
 * Rod (A. Smith) 16:38, 31 October 2007 (UTC)
 * 1) [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.svg|20px]] Oppose Connel MacKenzie 16:49, 31 October 2007 (UTC) I know I commented on this topic somewhere - but that discussion is not linked here.  In general, my opposition echoes Robert's: this is exactly opposite the intended goal.  Complete entries should replace minor enrties, minor entries should replace stub/form-of entries, sub entries should replace redirects.  Advocating the wrong direction in the past has had immediate bad effects (removal of content) and must never be encouraged.  --Connel MacKenzie 16:49, 31 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Currently, some editors (myself included) are under the impression that non-lemma entries are supposed to be minimal. For example, I think this project is better off if we delete the translation table from words:.  If this vote shows that our project should have non-lemma entries with translations, etc., then at least that will be clarified.  Rod (A. Smith) 17:11, 31 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I think that is a poor example. For translation tables, (in the past) people have extended the "lemma-only" mentality to irregular verbs, e.g. be, which remains ridiculous, IMHO.  I think your proposed vote is much further-reaching than you intend it to be.  But note that I am only discussion translations without even broaching any of the other topics.  In general, the emphasis should be on expanding entries.  So far, translations, indeed, have been an exception.  As Wiktionary stabilizes, I hope that too, will change (gradually.)  This proposal does seem to be the direct opposite of where we should eventually be aiming: complete entries everywhere, synchronized in an automated fashion (with the ability to override automatic synchronization where appropriate.)  --Connel MacKenzie 20:29, 31 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I don't understand why words: is a poor example of a non-lemma entry. I'm trying to understand how you and the other opposing contributors think non-lemma terms should be formatted.  Do you have a better suggestion for our example non-lemma entry?  Rod (A. Smith) 20:38, 31 October 2007 (UTC)
 * 1) [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.svg|20px]] Oppose—msh210 ℠ 17:36, 31 October 2007 (UTC). I agree with the proposal as a minimum for non-lemma entries, but must vote against it as a model or maximum for them. Denying editors the ability to enter -onyms, translations, etc. into non-lemma English-language entries is a Bad Thing, per Robert Ullman's comments.
 * "Prohibiting the extra sections in non-lemma entries focuses contributors' efforts on the primary entries", while a reasonable argument, is not a strong one, especially as editors will do what they want anyway (by which I mean that someone who wants to work on lemmata will do so even if he's allowed to work on other entries, and someone who can't be bothered to work on lemmata will do nothing if he's not allowed to do anything else).
 * "Spreading translation efforts across the multiple forms of lexemes dilutes translation efforts and is confusing to readers who may happen to encounter a non-lemma entry first (e.g. words:, which currently has a small translation section that should be deleted)" is a reasonable argument: someone who wants to know how to say "words" (units of language) in, say, Hebrew (for which we have a translation at word but not at words) might, in the current state of affairs, go to words, see translations, see that Hebrew's is missing, and give up. I grant that this is a problem, and a solution should be found, but I don't think that prohibiting translations is it. Perhaps instead we can, for non-lemma entries, have the Translations section start with "For translations of the singular , see |its entry .".
 * As to "Conjugation sections should be only in the lemma entries so that readers learn to go to the lemma entry for complete details", this depends on the language and word. For example, as recently discussed elsewhere, many verbs in Hebrew, but not all, have one or more infinitives. But all verbs are referred to, usually, by their third-person, singular, masculine, past-tense form. So the latter is where The Powers That Be (Shai, Ruakh, perhaps others; and I concur) have decided to put conjugation tables. I see no reason not to put them also at one or more infinite form's entries. I imagine a similar situation exists in other languages.
 * Wow. From the voting responses so far, it is clear that not everyone agrees that we should distinguish at all between lemma entries and non-lemma entries.  The respondents believe we should include translation tables for every inflected form of a word.  I am surprized by the feedback, but happy to receive it.  Assuming this turns out to be the majority opinion, should the headline of non-lemma entries specify all the key inflections?  That is, should words: be formatted like Votes/2007-10/Lemma entries/words?  If not, please help format it into your ideal.  Rod (A. Smith) 18:24, 31 October 2007 (UTC)
 * 1) [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.svg|20px]] Oppose Cynewulf 19:01, 1 November 2007 (UTC) I like children:. Let's do more like that. The proposal for "words" looks nifty too. A couple thoughts. In a pure volunteer project, as User:Msh210 says, people are going to do what they want; using restrictions to try to focus people's efforts isn't going to work. Also, we should give people what they ask for; they shouldn't be given something else, or told to look up something else to find what they want. If someone looks up won and wants to know how to say "he won" in Spanish, it would be great if they didn't have to click win → translation section → ganar → conjugation section → figure out what preterite means, but rather just have a translation section in won listing something like "gané ganaste ganó ganamos ganasteis ganaron (see ganar)". Probably a bad example. Coming the other way, the entry at ganó is just barely sufficient: I'm starting to think that English translations are necessary in all cases (e.g. here "(he) won"). I've shown wikt entries for lemmas to people who were just wondering what someone said in chat, and their reaction could be summed up as "that's real helpful". Give users what they want up front, let editors work on what they want. Cynewulf 19:01, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Re: "I'm starting to think that English translations are necessary in all cases" I cannot begin to express how much I agree with that statement! YESYESYESYESYESYESYES!  --Connel MacKenzie 19:17, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * (edit conflict) Yeah, the "starting" is for the "necessary" and "all" -- if there's no "easy English" there, it belongs on a cleanup list. Cynewulf 20:25, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * That could very easily get incredibly messy with verbs. For instance, on won, would we have a separate translation table for past particple, simple past? Romance languages tend to have 6 simple past forms. Which do we include? All of them? How are we going to handle that? lol — [ ric | opiaterein ] — 20:14, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * (edit conflict) Well, it's a Wouldn't It Be Nice If. We could at least say (start with saying) "see preterite conjugation in infinitive ganar". Cynewulf 20:25, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Messier than chasing links three or four down now? Well, yes won could have the translation tables split.  The example given was for the opposite, though - from another language to English.  I expect this to be a (very) long-term goal of Wiktionary, adding language-specific automation only where applicable.  While we currently have things like TheDaveBot, they do not keep anything in sync yet.  Gradually, they would, could and should (if given room to grow.)  --Connel MacKenzie 20:21, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Messier than chasing links three or four down now? - What? lol...I didn't understand that at all. For those who would like translation tables in non-lemma entries, check this out and comment or something, please Wiktionary_talk:Votes/2007-10/Lemma_entries/words. — [ ric | opiaterein ] — 20:38, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * If you are trying to create a mess, you have failed utterly. :-)     Indeed, the layout you have there is much easier to comprehend, particularly if the target pages exist (for popup-previews via WT:PREFS.)  Are you saying you don't (ever) want that sort of information filled out by bot?  --Connel MacKenzie 20:41, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Rejecting a normative proposal because "using restrictions to try to focus people's efforts isn't going to work" is ridiculous. Shall we just delete WT:ELE and let this project become a free-for-all?  Of course not.  Yes, contributors may choose to add full definitions, translations, and synonyms wherever they want, but a normative document like WT:ELE helps others know how best to realign such contributions to deliver the highest quality dictionary we can.  This discussion is headed in the direction of abandoning the concept of a lemma/non-lemma distinction.  If that is the conclusion we reach, we will have to find creative ways to manage the additional maintenance.  Not that it cannot be done, but it will require a significant new infrastructure to maintain the required synchronization.  Rod (A. Smith) 20:41, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * You've apparently misunderstood my statement, otherwise you would have called User:Msh210's reasons "ridiculous" too. Your argument wrt ELE also does not follow. This proposal is about telling people not to work on words: and instead to "focus" on word:. That is a "restriction". It's "[not] going to work" because rather than focus on word, they're going to do nothing. This proposal is ... proposing that we prevent people from "add[ing] full definitions, translations, and synonyms wherever they want". Rather than "realign" (i.e. delete) what others have added, we should add whatever is missing. Cynewulf 21:01, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * There is obviously some confusion. If an editor chooses to add a Spanish word to our project but uses a structure not approved by WT:ELE, that's fine, but other contributors use WT:ELE to normalize that contribution.  Rod (A. Smith) 21:21, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Stated another way, this proposal tells editors that if a sense appears on dice: that applies equally to all inflected forms of the word, it should be moved to decir:. Ignoring the distinction between lemma entries and non-lemma entries means we will need to introduce a huge, massively complicated infrastructure to update all of the inflected forms of decir:.  When an editor discovers a new definition for decir:, a single edit should suffice to inform interested readers.  I hope we can create a high quality set of lemma entries and soft redirects from inflected forms.  It is more than an order of magnitude more difficult to produce a complete, high-quality dictionary that treats every inflected form with equal detail.  Rod (A. Smith) 21:37, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * 1) [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.svg|20px]] Oppose. I agree completely with Robert and others. I view the stripped down non-lemma articles as placeholders for fleshed-out articles. Lemmas and non-lemmas are different words, and we ought to aim to include translations and meanings and all the other information we have, for all words, not just for some grammatical canonical words while explaining their relationships to others. That's a lot of work, of course (but I would say the same thing about a multilingual dictionary!). Our efforts should be towards finding creative solutions to that problem, though. Dmcdevit·t 06:12, 2 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Wow. English entry translation tables are a terrible place to show each of the dozens of persons, numbers, tenses, aspects, moods, and levels of formality for each translation target for each of the hundreds of languages that will eventually be in those translation tables.  Instead, only a single form of each translation target lexeme can fit into each English translation table.  Each of those target entries can then show all of the many inflected forms of the target lexeme without further cluttering the huge English translation tables.  Since the English translation tables only have room for one form of the target lexeme, it would be deceptive to show anything other than the target lemma.  Thus, the translation table for a past tense English verb must be the same as that of an English lemma.  So, why repeat?  Rod (A. Smith) 16:42, 2 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Repetition = bad and messy. lol...if people really insist on translation tables in all English entries, with verbs at least one could put in *Language: Varies by person, number, etc. See lemma., or something. — [ ric | opiaterein ] — 17:11, 2 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I wasn't really thining of English words here, but it works all the same. We repeat ourselves all the time, and it's usually for the better. If I come across a word I don't know, (quisiese, maybe) I cannot be expected to know it's lemma and look that up, and then to extrapolate from some lemma entry's inflection line or conjugation table what the actual meaning of the word I'm really curious about it. Our ideal should be to have an English translation of every non-English word (i.e., every form of every word), and vice versa. Dmcdevit·t 04:39, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
 * 1) [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.svg|20px]] Oppose. Wtf is a lemma anyway
 * Rod: a good point: most people have no idea what a "lemma" is, and one of the most confusing things about dealing with (dead-tree) FL dictionaries is figuring out what the lemma form is, and what stuff they implicitly expect you to go to the lemma for, because they have such limited space. We don't have that problem. Robert Ullmann 13:49, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Correct, we don't have that problem, because if you visit a non-lemma form, we give you a link to the lemma form. —Ruakh TALK 17:18, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Right. For readers, we don't really have that problem because links from secondary entries to main entries should ensure that readers who land on a secondary entry get a common sense of the word and are just one click away from the most complete information repository we have.  The terminology may challenge casual contributors, though, so the updated vote page, Votes/2007-11/Lemma entries 2 uses main: instead of lemma:.  Rod (A. Smith) 18:34, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Right. For readers, we don't really have that problem because links from secondary entries to main entries should ensure that readers who land on a secondary entry get a common sense of the word and are just one click away from the most complete information repository we have.  The terminology may challenge casual contributors, though, so the updated vote page, Votes/2007-11/Lemma entries 2 uses main: instead of lemma:.  Rod (A. Smith) 18:34, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

Abstain

 * 1) [[Image:Symbol abstain vote.svg|20px]] Abstain — [ ric| opiaterein ] — 01:51, 18 October 2007 (UTC) I agree with some parts, but others not entirely. I think the "form of" information should be on the main inflection line, as with lemma entries, with a brief definition below.
 * Indeed, we should be making entries like estu, with the inflection on the inflection line, and a definition (in English) on the definition line. What we have now are just stubs, that should be expanded over time, not limited. Robert Ullmann 16:07, 25 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I hope the current wording is an unobjectionable compromise between current practice and the vision expressed by Opiaterein and Robert. Is that so?  Rod (A. Smith) 19:13, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

Decision

 * Withdrawn for refinement. Rod (A. Smith) 01:35, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
 * With 3-5-1 opposing, I have withdrawn this vote for refinement. Hopefully Votes/2007-11/Lemma entries 2 will be less controversial.  Rod (A. Smith) 01:41, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

title: Wiktionary:Votes/2007-10/Lemma entries


text:
right as rain

Adjective

 * 1)  Very good; all in order; healthy.
 * 2)  Correct; factually accurate.
 * 1)  Correct; factually accurate.
 * 1)  Correct; factually accurate.
 * 1)  Correct; factually accurate.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 非常好, 非常健康
 * Finnish:
 * Polish:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: como nuevo
 * Ukrainian: здоро́вий

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 十分準確
 * Dutch: klopt als een bus
 * Finnish: tosi kuin vesi
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: más razón que un santo

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: right as rain


text:
East Indian

Etymology
. May also be analyzed as 🇰🇲.

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to the people, products, or culture of Southeast Asia, particularly the Malay Archipelago, Sri Lanka, or India.
 * 2)  Of or pertaining to the people, products, or culture of India, or South Asia in general.

Noun

 * 1) A native or inhabitant of the Malay Archipelago, Sri Lanka, or India.

title: East Indian


text:
Appendix:English malapropisms

Richard Sheridan, The Rivals (1775)

 * geography → geometry, contiguous → contagious
 * M RS. M ALAPROP : I would have her instructed in geometry, that she might know something of the contagious countries. — Act I, Sc.II

 * pinnacle → pineapple
 * M RS. M ALAPROP : He is the very pine-apple of politeness! — Act III, Sc. III

 * apprehend → reprehend, vernacular → oracular, arrangement → derangement, epithets → epitaphs
 * M RS. M ALAPROP : If I reprehend any thing in this world, it is the use of my oracular tongue, and a nice derangement of epitaphs! — Act III, Sc.III

 * alligator → allegory
 * M RS. M ALAPROP : He's as headstrong as an allegory on the banks of the Nile. Act III, Sc. III

Romeo and Juliet (1597)

 * invite → indite
 * B EN : She will indite him to some supper. Act II, Sc. IV

A Midsummer Night's Dream (1596)

 * effect → defect
 * B OTTOM : ...and he himself must speak through, saying thus, or to the same defect... Act III, Sc. I

Other

 * aspersions → asparagus
 * I don’t want you casting asparagus on my friend.

 * balkanize → vulcanize
 * However, they delineate - quotas, I think, vulcanize society. — George W. Bush

 * cul de sac → culture sack
 * She lives in the culture sack at the end of North Street.

 * defamation → definition
 * I’m suing you for definition of character!

 * figment → pigment
 * It was just a pigment of her imagination.

 * for all intents and purposes → for all intensive purposes
 * For all intensive purposes, it's a very common colloquial intensifier and the meaning is similar; it fits better in the American version of the phrase. — Wiktionary

 * hardpan → deadpan
 * The heat and arid conditions had converted his yard into deadpan.

 * lintel → lentil
 * That’s an enormous lentil above your fireplace!

 * resent → resemble
 * I resemble that remark! — Curly Howard of the Three Stooges

 * Tomahawk cruise missile → Tom Cruise missile
 * They attacked with one of the Tom Cruise missiles.

 * unabridged dictionary → under a bridge with Dick and Harry — Spook of Top Cat in "Farewell, Mr. Dibble" (1962)
 * S POOK : ...but this book is so far out, I got hooked! What a crazy, mixed-up story!
 * C HOO -C HOO : What was it about, Spook?
 * S POOK : Well, it starts out about an aardvark, and ends up with everybody playing the xylophone.
 * T OP C AT : What's it called?
 * S POOK : “Under a Bridge with Dick and Harry”.
 * T OP C AT : "Under a Bridge with Dick and Harry"? Let me see that...[reads cover]..that's " Unabridged Dictionary "! What's the matter with you? It's nothing but words!

 * for what it's worth → for water's worth
 * For water's worth, I didn't mean to hurt your feelings.

 * catalytic converter → Cadillac converter

title: Appendix:English malapropisms


text:
番う

Verb

 * 1) to form pairs; to pair up or off

title: 番う


text:
裁判員

Noun

 * 1) referee; umpire; judge

Noun

 * 1) a citizen chosen to serve as a judge for a single case alongside professional judges and other citizen judges

title: 裁判員


text:
Σινώπη

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) Sinope, a woman in Greek mythology
 * 2) Sinope, Paphlagonia; Sinop, Turkey

Descendants

 * Ottoman Turkish
 * Turkish:
 * Ottoman Turkish
 * Turkish:

title: Σινώπη


text:
Σινωπεύς

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) an inhabitant of Sinope or Sinop

title: Σινωπεύς


text:
Σιντός

Noun

 * 1) a Sintian

title: Σιντός


text:
User talk:WebCeleb

Thank you for contributing to Wiktionary. You might want to look at WT:ELE to get a better idea of what a page should look like- your page Webceleb doesn't follow the standard format, even though it looks nice. Also, Webceleb should not be capitalized, since it isn't a proper noun, so it will need to be moved. Good luck. Nadando 00:44, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:WebCeleb


text:
Σῖφαι

Proper noun

 * 1) Siphae

title: Σῖφαι


text:
Σίφνος

Proper noun

 * 1) Siphnus; Sifnos, Cyclades, Greece

title: Σίφνος


text:
microbody

Noun

 * 1)  A cellular organelle bound by a single membrane and containing enzymes.

Translations

 * German: Microbody, Peroxisom
 * Spanish: microcuerpo
 * Vietnamese: vi thể

title: microbody


text:
Talk:strikesthrough

RFV discussion
Only one citation, and likely a typo. --EncycloPetey 17:02, 2 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Can we transfer the entry to strike through? Algrif 18:21, 2 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Sounds like a good idea. --EncycloPetey 20:28, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Not if you consider strikethrough, strikingthrough, struckthrough, and strickenthrough. † Raifʻhār Doremítzwr 01:12, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Have you tried a Google search on strikingthrough and strikesthrough? I am very uneasy about the validity of strikethrough as a verb. As a noun, OK. struckthrough and strickenthrough as adjectives, OK. But I really do not see any support for the verb form. All the hits are either 1) mis-spellings. 2) Taken from computerspeak and blogs. 3) Using the noun form as a verb incorrectly. If this was a real verb, then it would be strikethrough strikethroughs strikethroughed, whereas the actual forms given are strike as an irregular verb plus the particle through. It's a phrasal verb. Convince me it isn't. Give book citations, please. Algrif 15:16, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

 * The entry for strikethrough already has the requisite three citations for the verbal sense (and they are all books). Or do you deem these invalid? † Raifʻhār Doremítzwr 15:30, 5 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Strikesthrough now has six citations. † Raifʻhār Doremítzwr 16:27, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

 * So it qualifies as a common misspelling then. --EncycloPetey 18:02, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Common misspelling of what? † Raifʻhār Doremítzwr 19:07, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Of strikes through. --EncycloPetey 21:25, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Do you think so? The noun comes from “strike + through”; the verb comes from the noun; the inflexion comes from the verb, with knowledge of the “strike + through” ultimate origin retained. I believe that “strikesthrough” is used intentionally, not mistakenly as “strikes through” with the space omitted. † Raifʻhār Doremítzwr 21:33, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

 * If those citations are to be believed, (livejournal is not durably archived for CFI) then it is a slang British-ism, while simply an error in GenAm. The compound word is the noun strikethrough; as much fun as verbing words can be, it is still incorrect to verb part of the noun.  It would inflect as strikethroughs / strikethroughing with no past or past participle conceivable, if one wanted to be intentionally incorrect.  But splitting a compound word does not allow re-attachment after inflection (perhaps that is not true in BrE?)  --Connel MacKenzie 23:36, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

 * [See my combined reply after your bulleted comment immediately hereinafter. † Raifʻhār Doremítzwr 01:03, 6 July 2007 (UTC)]

 * Who keeps entering "cf." in actual entries? Gender abbreviations are the only abbreviations allowed in entries (except of course, for direct definition references.)  Use "confer" or "compare."  --Connel MacKenzie 23:38, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Even if the Live Journal quotations are deemed invalid, the other four citations mean that strikesthrough nonetheless meets the CFI. Why is such verbing incorrect? –Please provide reasons and/or references. Why is cf. disallowed? What about and ? Is e.g. expected to be written as exempli gratia? This all sounds very doubtful — cf. is a common and well-known Latin abbreviation used in English. Please point to the policy or section thereof which states what you assert. † Raifʻhār Doremítzwr 01:03, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

 * This is Wiktionary. WTF?  Get with the program.  --Connel MacKenzie 17:03, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Simply, Connel, you’ve yet to give a good reason for not using these Latin abbreviations; so I, who think that they are appropriate, am not going to stop using them just because of your personal preference. You have misrepresented your opinions and preferences as being “common practice”, policy, or shared by (an) authorit(y/ies) more than once in the past, and that is, I believe, what you are doing now. † Raifʻhār Doremítzwr 17:01, 8 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't know whether Connel is citing actual established practice in this case, but for the record, I'm with him in opposing the use of "cf." in entries — though perhaps not for exactly the same reasons. I'm O.K. with "e.g.", "i.e.", "etc.", and other common abbreviations with specific meanings (though for myself, I prefer "such as", "that is", and "and so on", or other such English equivalents); but "cf." just means "and by the way, you might also be interested in this entry, but I won't tell you what part of it to look at or what connection I think there is". Wiktionary is not paper; we have room to actually explain the connection. If you can't take three seconds to explain the relevance of the entry you're linking to, you must not think the link is so important; so why include it at all? —RuakhTALK 17:44, 8 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Ancient history, but very solidly established practice: and a precursor to what eventually became WT:VOTE! Beer parlour archive/October-December 05. --Connel MacKenzie 00:31, 13 July 2007 (UTC)

 * That settles it then. I shall only use the abbreviations sg, pl, m, and f from now on. Connel — could you move this obscure piece of case law to somewhere more accessible (pertaining to WT:ELE?) to make future reference thereto easier? † Raifʻhār Doremítzwr 02:07, 13 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I use cf. consistently to mean “carefully distinguish between this X and the similar yet vitally different Y”; writing cf. is a lot neater than writing that kind of thing every time (especially in pronunciation sections et cetera). † Raifʻhār Doremítzwr 18:11, 8 July 2007 (UTC)

 * But if not everyone knows that that's what you mean by it, then people are liable to take the exact opposite interpretation. (In this case — strikesthrough linking to strikethroughs — it's liable to be misinterpreted as "Note that the normally inflected form strikethroughs exists as well.") —RuakhTALK 20:20, 8 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Point well made. I now oppose its use for the definitions of strikesthrough and strikethroughs. I shall consider possible misinterpretations of cf. in future. † Raifʻhār Doremítzwr 21:12, 8 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I just did a Google search on strikethroughing It's barbaric. I sometimes wish we had a Royal Academy of English‼ So strikethrough as a verb must remain. But as Connel suggests, what about the past and past participle?? I need a good strong cup of something to get over this. (or should I be getovering it?)Algrif 16:17, 7 July 2007 (UTC)
 * P.S. I'm going to add the phrasal verb a.s.a.p.Algrif 16:48, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

 * All that is needed now is someone with the stomach for it to correct the third person singular, present participle, simple past and past participle forms on strikethrough to read correctly, not the barbarised forms of the phrasal verb that are there at present.Algrif 17:00, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Google Book Search returns no examples of “strikethroughs” as a verb form; moreover, searching for “strikethroughing” and “strikethroughed” yields no search results in either case. The past tense and past participle forms are, of course, “struckthrough” and “strickenthrough”, respectively; nota bene that whilst conducting a normal Google search for “strikethroughed” yields 535 hits, searching for “struckthrough” yields over 180 times that number, giving 97,700 hits. No “corrections” are necessary. † Raifʻhār Doremítzwr 17:01, 8 July 2007 (UTC)
 * As a postscriptum, note the following interesting example of this process of continuing to treat a verb as its two separate constituent morphemes and inflecting it accordingly here: “How about just sharing the text that’s in the cell and describe what characters are strikedthrough (struckthrew/struckthrough?)”. † Raifʻhār Doremítzwr 17:26, 8 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I suspect that a large number of those struckthrough results will be adjectives.Algrif 18:14, 8 July 2007 (UTC)

 * The supremacy of computerese is why I sometimes wish there was a Royal Acad. of English. I think it is bad use of English. But then English is as English is spoken. Find the quotes and other examples, and that's it. That is why I reluctantly have to agree to the verb form. But I still think (personal POV) it is a barbaric way to treat the language. Algrif 18:21, 8 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree somewhat (especially in re strikingthrough). What prescription do you feel is appropriate? † Raifʻhār Doremítzwr 18:29, 8 July 2007 (UTC)

 * (Shrugs shoulders and moves debate to WT:BP )Algrif 15:23, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

RFV passed. *sigh* —Ruakh TALK 00:44, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:strikesthrough


text:
Talk:glad rags

RFV discussion
--Connel MacKenzie 17:37, 2 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I've heard this in the lyrics to the theme song from the original BBC version of The Office: "the handbags and the glad rags that your granddad used to sweat so you could buy." With the two citations currently on the page, that makes three. I think it should be marked (UK) though. --EncycloPetey 18:10, 2 July 2007 (UTC)
 * That song is Handbags and Gladrags, originally by Rod Stewart and covered a couple of years ago by the Streophonics (I don't know which version is used in the theme to The Office). Independently of each other Rukah and I have added another group of cites, so I think this one has been comprehensively verified. Thryduulf 18:51, 2 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree, striking. Kappa 02:20, 7 July 2007 (UTC)
 * But you didn't properly tag it as ? The only US cite is a secondary source of dialect-isms.  --Connel MacKenzie 19:41, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

 * No, it's originally a US term - I heard it started as cowboy slang. Widsith 08:06, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:glad rags


text:
fraternitate

Etymology
. Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) fraternity; brotherhood

title: fraternitate


text:
Σίπυλος

Proper noun

 * 1) Mount Sipylus; Spil Dağı

Adjective

 * 1) Of Sipylus

title: Σίπυλος


text:
Talk:near the knuckle

RFV discussion
Meaning risque? bd2412 T 00:57, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes. That is what the idiom means in the UK at least (I don't know why). SemperBlotto 08:15, 4 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Struck. SB's word is good enough for me. Cheers! bd2412 T 17:53, 8 July 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:near the knuckle


text:
contour interval

Noun

 * 1) The difference in elevation represented by the space between adjacent contour lines

Translations

 * Greek: ισοδιάσταση

title: contour interval


text:
Σειρήν

Etymology
Perhaps originally "entangler" or "binder," from, from. On the other hand, Chantraine is in favor of a origin, in view of the suffix -ήν. Compare also.

Proper noun

 * 1)  siren

title: Σειρήν


text:
Σίσυφος

Etymology
Of origin. Possibilities include:
 * A reduplicated form of.
 * A derivative of ; see.
 * A loan.

Proper noun

 * 1) Sisyphus

title: Σίσυφος


text:
User:Mike.lifeguard/monobook.css

/* Read the CSS book */
 * { font-family: verdana; }

textarea, input[type="text"] { font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; }

table.fundraiser-box {display : none; }
 * 1) siteNoticeBig { display: none; }
 * 2) siteNoticeSmall { display: none; }

pre { overflow: auto; }

 * 1) editpage-specialchars { display: none; }

title: User:Mike.lifeguard/monobook.css


text:
User:Mike.lifeguard/monobook.js

mw.loader.load('https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Mike.lifeguard/remote.js&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript');

title: User:Mike.lifeguard/monobook.js


text:
Wiktionary talk:Votes/2007-10/Lemma entries

Listing the lemma on the headword/inflection line
User:Opiaterein makes a good point in saying, I think the "form of" information should be on the main inflection line, as with lemma entries, with a brief definition below. I like the form of entry that produces. It's not how we've been doing things, but perhaps this is the time to change. Does anyone else have any opinions about moving the lemma link and the relationship to the lemma onto the inflection line, presumably within parentheses? Rod (A. Smith) 02:05, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

 * That's basically exactly what I was saying. It might not work as well in English entries, like
 * hands (plural of hand)
 * but with other languages, it should be fine.
 * manos f (plural of mano)
 * hands
 * Encyclopetey pointed out that with verbs this could get crazy, but we don't need to add every definition, just enough to give an idea of the way the word is generally used, maybe with a note pointing toward the main article for more definitions or something.
 * By the way, sorry for jumping into the vote half a month early, I was focused so hard on reading the actual content of what the vote was on that I missed the "Green means go" part. :o — [ ric | opiaterein ] — 02:24, 18 October 2007 (UTC)
 * By the way, sorry for jumping into the vote half a month early, I was focused so hard on reading the actual content of what the vote was on that I missed the "Green means go" part. :o — [ ric | opiaterein ] — 02:24, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Glad to get feedback. Looking at hand:, I can understand why you had some difficulty determining what to give as the English gloss.  It comes out as something like this:
 * specific body parts or things that resemble them
 * multiples of three or of four inches
 * Sides
 * Powers of performance
 * Actual performances
 * agents
 * Handwritings
 * Personal possessions
 * things held in a hand at once
 * Agencies in transmission
 * Rates.
 * pointers on analog clocks
 * small parts of a gunstock
 * bunches of bananas
 * Or, condensed like the following:
 * specific body parts or things that resemble them; multiples of three or of four inches; sides; powers of performance; Actual performances; agents; handwritings; personal possessions; things held in a hand at once; agencies in transmission;  rates; pointers on analog clocks;  small parts of a gunstock; bunches of bananas
 * There are currently fewer definitions for mano:, so I think it would look like this:
 * hands
 * front feet
 * coats
 * Or condensed:
 * hands; front feet;  coats
 * Right? After typing all of that in, I'm weary about how easily non-lemma semantic definitions will scale.  It seems like we might encounter some problems consistently implementing it, especially for languages that are more highly inflected than English and Spanish.  Rod (A. Smith) 04:39, 18 October 2007 (UTC)
 * See, that's what Petey was getting at. But the thing is, we don't need to include every possible definition of a word in the non lemma entries. For instance, I've never heard the word hand, plural or singular, used to mean "personal possessions." In the form of entries, we only really need to give one or two of the most common uses, and if there are others, we can put in some kind of note to see the main article I'm not sure, something like:
 * manos f (plural of mano)
 * hands
 * See mano for more details
 * Or something like that; not sure how what the best wording for the see x for more part would be. Keeping all the definitions in line may take some fingerwork, but in the end I think it will be better as long as we keep it simple, but not too simple. — [ ric | opiaterein ] — 06:19, 18 October 2007 (UTC)
 * manos f (plural of mano)
 * hands
 * See mano for more details
 * Or something like that; not sure how what the best wording for the see x for more part would be. Keeping all the definitions in line may take some fingerwork, but in the end I think it will be better as long as we keep it simple, but not too simple. — [ ric | opiaterein ] — 06:19, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

The proposal above has some promise, but it needs refinement and significant trial use before we can reasonably consider adoption. That belongs as part of a separate proposal, so I am going to allow this vote to open as a simple codification of existing practice. Please feel free to open another discussion (probably on WT:BP) to propose this new format, but not as part of this vote. Rod (A. Smith) 15:44, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

 * No. It is a bad idea and should be stopped now.  This works fine only if there are a small number of similar inflected forms.  Latin entries would suffer and be rendered almost unreadable by the above format.  See alba, which would require six separate adjective sections.  Reformatting that page to the above "promising" specifications would be a disaster, and would make it much harder for a user to figure out what was going on. --EncycloPetey 22:21, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your input, EncycloPetey. With the shockingly strong failure of Votes/2007-10/Lemma entries, I obviously need help explaining briefly in Votes/2007-11/Lemma entries 2 why proliferating translations, etc. is undesirable.  Rod (A. Smith) 22:39, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Adjectives aren't inflected in English, so the definitions would mostly be the same anyway. If a user doesn't know what "vocative feminine singular" means, they won't be confused by this any more than they would by the old formatting. The old formatting wouldn't kill me so much if example sentences were more common. As it is, the reader is less likely to know wtf the word means, and even less likely to know htf to use it. — [ ric | opiaterein ] — 03:23, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Confusion can arise from content of from formatting. What you are proposing will ensure that the format is confusing, since all the definitions will be identical.   It will be difficult for users to detemine what the deifferneces among the six adjective entries are (because they may not even fit into a single monitor screen) and it will be harder for editors to determine which, if any, senses are missing.  A format that makes it hard on the editor and hard on the user is a very bad idea indeed.  The goal should be to improve the situation for at least one of those audiences, if not for both.  This proposal asks us to head in the opposite direction, so I am firmly against it.  Consider:

 * alba f (nominative feminine singular of albus)
 * white
 * See albus for more details

 * alba n (nominative neuter plural of albus)
 * white
 * See albus for more details

 * alba n (accusative neuter plural of albus)
 * white
 * See albus for more details

 * alba f (vocative feminine singular of albus)
 * white
 * See albus for more details

 * alba n (vocative neuter plural of albus)
 * white
 * See albus for more details

 * albā f (ablative feminine singular of albus)
 * white
 * See albus for more details

 * How many forms are there above? How many different genders?  How many spellings?  It's slow and tedious to answer those questions because of the formatting.  Now answer those same questions using the format below for the same information:

 * alba

 * albā

 * It's much esier to get an overview of what's happening because the information is presented in a sensible format.  Please don't continue asking the community to abandon good format for a difficult-to-read complicated and confusing one that will make entries difficult to edit and difficult to read. --EncycloPetey 14:02, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Why do we need to know how many forms, genders and spellings there are? The dictionary isn't about how many words and forms there are, it's about what the words mean. There is also the table of contents that could tell you close to the same information.
 * Listing only the form of information makes it necessary to "See x for more details" that really won't even be found in the article. "Ok, I'm here. What does alba mean? Something to do with white. But what does that ablative stuff mean?" It's probably a fact that most users will not be familiar with grammatical terms, although the case may be different with Latin, I'm not sure how it's taught. Even with example sentences, without some kind of gloss or link to something explaining the case, it's next to useless for everyday readers.
 * It isn't difficult to read or edit, there's just more there so there's more to maintain.
 * We don't have to format every language the same way. See huā. A few or missing but there do seem to be some definitions there, is it not so? — [ ric | opiaterein ] — 15:58, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't understand half of what you're saying. How will the table of contents help?  What happens to users who turn that off as their preference?  How will the table of contents allow for comparison between entries?  Latin is generally taught with all the cases, anyway.  And it is difficult to read and edit because there is so much unnecessarily repeated information.

 * So... you've said what you don't want to see, so what do you want to see. Show us how you would structure the Latin entry for alba. --EncycloPetey 19:35, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I think The dictionary isn't about how many words and forms there are, it's about what the words mean is a rather narrow vision of how best to serve our readers. Sure, definitions are a core deliverable for our project, but so are other aspects of lexicography.  Minimizing such information would be a disservice to all but the most casual reader.  Following is my example from Wiktionary talk:Translations/Noting lemma forms in WT:ELE of how I think the "all definition lines should mainly focus on semantics" camp would want to format alba::

(unindenting)

 * 1) white.

 * 1) white.

Even better would be if we could automatically link specific "form of" labels to a language-specific inflection appendix. Granted, displays more prominently than Ric would prefer, so there probably should be some reader customization options available, but the structure seems sound. So, grammatical details are an important element of our mission, but appears to be a reasonable way to provide them outside of definition lines. Rod (A. Smith) 20:32, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I'd like to make it clear now that I'm already irritated by the world outside of Wiktionary, so if I come off as being unnecessarily unpleasant....oh well. :)

 * "Show us how you would structure the Latin entry for alba." — Being that I don't speak Latin, I wouldn't dare try to format alba or any other non-lemma Latin entry. To someone who isn't already familiar with Latin grammar, that entry is useless, as it will remain without some kind of indication as to how to use the word, in any of those senses. Sorry.
 * My main issue with this topic is verbs. Let's take "fusesem (first-person singular, pluperfect indicative form of fi)"
 * Required prior knowledge in absence of definition: First-person, pluperfect, indicative, fi.
 * First-person - common enough, most people would probably know it.
 * pluperfeect - I didn't know what this meant until I started studying Romanian. I had studied 3 languages before and never learned what this meant.
 * Indicative - easy enough to figure out, I suppose.
 * fi - going to the entry, you'll find that it means "to be". Next
 * You have to know what the pluperfect "form" of "to be" is in English. The article pluperfect gives examples, but look, now you have to know the past particple of "be", if you don't know what a past participle is.
 * So instead of looking at fusesem and getting your definition, and fi for more information on the verb, you would have to look at up to 5 or 6 other articles, and even then how could you be sure you were translating correctly? Everyday readers are not linguists or grammarians and will not know what the hell is going on when you tell them that alba is 6 different forms of the word "albus" or that fusesem is the 1st person singular pluperfect form of "fi".

 * "Granted, displays more prominently than Ric would prefer" — It just sticks out too much for something that's repeated over and over. I also don't want it to be confused with the definition of the word.

 * "Even better would be if we could automatically link specific "form of" labels to a language-specific inflection appendix." — I was actually going to start doing this if I ever get around to writing up an appendix for Romanian noun declension.

 * "How many forms are there above? How many different genders?  How many spellings?" — Why does it matter? Look at the inflection line. — "It's slow and tedious to answer those questions because of the formatting." — Not half as slow and tedious as figuring out what the hell the word means, in the case of noun and verb forms.

 * Continue. — [ ric | opiaterein ] — 21:09, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

 * OR you can create an Appendix:Romanian verbs to explain all of that in one place. Your way, the information has be repeated (and maintained) in every entry about a pluperfect form. --EncycloPetey 21:44, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Appendix:Romanian verb conjugation. Even having that appendix and explaining the formation and usage of verb forms doesn't help if you don't know how to form the different tenses etc. of English verbs. — [ ric | opiaterein ] — 21:59, 4 November 2007 (UTC)


text:
Σιτάλκης

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * : Sitalces

title: Σιτάλκης


text:
Σιθωνία

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) Sithonia

title: Σιθωνία


text:
Ὕπνος

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Hypnos, the Greek mythological god of sleep

title: Ὕπνος


text:
Σμέρδις

Etymology
From, from  +.

Proper noun

 * 1) Smerdis (Bardiya)

title: Σμέρδις


text: Σόλοι

title: Σόλοι


text:
Σόλλιον

Proper noun

 * 1) Sollium

title: Σόλλιον


text:
Σολόεις

Etymology
Probably of origin, compare.

Proper noun

 * 1) the river Solois

title: Σολόεις


text:
Σόλων

Etymology
The origin is. A relation to has been proposed.

Proper noun

 * 1) Solon

title: Σόλων


text:
Σοφαίνετος

Etymology
From 🇰🇲.

Proper noun

 * , Sophaenetus

title: Σοφαίνετος


text:
Σοφοκλῆς

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) In particular, the 5th century  tragic playwright
 * 1) In particular, the 5th century  tragic playwright

title: Σοφοκλῆς


text:
Σωσίας

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * : Sosias

title: Σωσίας


text:
helicase

Noun

 * 1)  An enzyme required for DNA unwinding.

Derived terms

 * contrahelicase

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 解旋酶

title: helicase


text:
Σωστράτη

Etymology
From.

title: Σωστράτη


text:
Ἴβηρ

Etymology
origin, likely related to the name of the river.

Noun

 * 1) an Iberian
 * 2) an inhabitant of the Iberian peninsula
 * 3)  Georgian.

Descendants

 * Translingual:
 * Translingual:
 * Translingual:
 * Translingual:
 * Translingual:
 * Translingual:
 * Translingual:
 * Translingual:
 * Translingual:
 * Translingual:
 * Translingual:
 * Translingual:
 * Translingual:

title: Ἴβηρ


text:
Ἰβηρία

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) Iberia
 * 2) Hispania; the Iberian Peninsula
 * 3) Caucasian Iberia

title: Ἰβηρία


text: double-entendre

title: double-entendre


text:
Σπαρτιάτης

Etymology
from.

Noun

 * 1) an inhabitant of Sparta; a Spartan

title: Σπαρτιάτης


text:
Σπαρτιᾶτις

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a female inhabitant of Sparta; a Spartan woman

Proper noun

 * 1) the land of Sparta; Spartiatis

title: Σπαρτιᾶτις


text:
Σπάρτωλος

Proper noun

 * 1) Spartolus

title: Σπάρτωλος


text:
Σπερχειός

Proper noun

 * 1) the river Spercheus; the river Spercheios
 * 2)  Spercheus, the Greek mythological river god of the aforementioned river

title: Σπερχειός


text:
Σφακτηρία

Proper noun

 * 1) Sphacteria; Sphagia, Messenia, Greece

title: Σφακτηρία


text:
Σφίγξ

Etymology
. Possibly from (a  word) or from  or.

Proper noun

 * 1) Sphinx, sphinx

Descendants

 * (Sfinks)
 * (Sfinks)
 * (Sfinks)
 * (Sfinks)
 * (Sfinks)
 * (Sfinks)
 * (Sfinks)
 * (Sfinks)
 * (Sfinks)
 * (Sfinks)
 * (Sfinks)
 * (Sfinks)
 * (Sfinks)
 * (Sfinks)
 * (Sfinks)
 * (Sfinks)
 * (Sfinks)
 * (Sfinks)
 * (Sfinks)
 * (Sfinks)
 * (Sfinks)
 * (Sfinks)

title: Σφίγξ


text:
Σφοδρίας

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) Sphodrias

title: Σφοδρίας


text:
Σπόριος

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) Spurius

title: Σπόριος


text:
Στάτειρα

Etymology
From.

Or from.

Proper noun

 * 1) Statira; Stateira

title: Στάτειρα


text:
Στησίχορος

Etymology
From.

title: Στησίχορος


text:
Σθενελαΐδας

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) Sthenelaidas

title: Σθενελαΐδας


text: Münzen

title: Münzen


text: Getränke

title: Getränke


text:
Butterbrot

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) A slice of bread topped with butter and often other toppings; an open sandwich
 * 2) A sandwich brought along to eat at school, at work, on a trip, etc.
 * 1) A sandwich brought along to eat at school, at work, on a trip, etc.

title: Butterbrot


text: Deut.

title: Deut.


text:
Egozentrismus

Noun

 * 1) egocentrism

title: Egozentrismus


text:
Razzia

Etymology
Mid-19th century, from, from , from Classical. Adopted with a, perhaps after Italian borrowings with -zz- like or.

Noun

 * 1) police raid

title: Razzia


text:
pictoral

Etymology
Probably an alteration of influenced by analysis as  (the source of pictorial) + the common suffix.

title: pictoral


text: Flaschen

title: Flaschen


text: Züge

title: Züge


text:
הזדרז

Verb

 * 1)  to hurry, hurry up, speed up, make haste

title: הזדרז


text: Δευτερονόμιον

title: Δευτερονόμιον


text:
הזדקן

Verb

 * 1)  to age, grow old, become elderly
 * 2) * 1973, Alon Oleartchik of (band), :
 * "he"

- ילד מזדקן / ילד מתקלקל / לומד את הפרינציפ / רק אחרי שהוא נופל.

title: הזדקן


text:
grulla

Etymology
, probably from an alteration of Old Spanish, , from , from *gr̥h₂ú-, from. The confusion of y and ll in this term is already present in medieval texts, and Coromines and Pascual suspect it may be explained as Leonese or Aragonese influence, in which some areas apparently showed a ll-y merger.

Noun

 * 1) crane

title: grulla


text: described

title: described


text: describing

title: describing


text:
User talk:Lysky

Thank you for the direct reference, but please remember not to copy content from other sites. Also, be more aware of other spelling conventions that may be nonstandard; Passalidae seems to be what was intended. See Passalidae. --Connel MacKenzie 06:09, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lysky


text:
cocor

Etymology
. Possibly from,.

Noun

 * 1) crane bird

title: cocor


text: cocori

title: cocori


text:
ad uno ad uno

Etymology
lit. 'at one at one'.

Adverb

 * 1) one at a time; one by one

title: ad uno ad uno


text:
User:AtteL

fi:Käyttäjä:AtteL

title: User:AtteL


text:
airchaeologie

Noun

 * 1) archeology

title: airchaeologie


text: archaelogical

title: archaelogical


text:
User talk:VirtualX

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * Wiktionary Tutorial
 * How to edit a page
 * How to start a page
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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk (discussion) and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~, which automatically produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to one of the discussion rooms or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Connel MacKenzie 07:26, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:VirtualX


text: archeologist

title: archeologist


text: archæologist

title: archæologist


text: archæologists

title: archæologists


text: archeologists

title: archeologists


text:
六連発

Noun

 * 1) six-chambered (revolver), six-shooter

title: 六連発


text: desenhos

title: desenhos


text: Eccl.

title: Eccl.


text: Eccles.

title: Eccles.


text:
stjuard

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) steward

title: stjuard


text:
stjuardesa

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) stewardess

title: stjuardesa


text:
brendi

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) brandy

title: brendi


text: Ecclus.

title: Ecclus.


text: Sandies

title: Sandies


text:
šeri

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) sherry

title: šeri


text:
původce

Noun

 * 1) originator

title: původce


text:
Ecclesiasticus

Proper noun

 * 1) A book of the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox canon of the Old Testament, considered apocryphal by Protestants.

Translations

 * Ancient Greek: Σοφία Σειράχ
 * Asturian:
 * Greek: Σοφία Σειράχ, Σοφία Ίησου Σειράχ
 * Irish: Leabhar Shíorach, Síorach
 * Italian: Siracide
 * Korean: 집회서
 * Maltese: Il-Ktieb ta' Bin Sirak
 * Polish: Mądrość Syracha

title: Ecclesiasticus


text:
preimplantation

Adjective

 * 1)  Prior to implantation.

title: preimplantation


text:
Ben Sira

Proper noun

 * 1)  Ecclesiasticus, a book of the Bible.

title: Ben Sira


text:
Sirach

Proper noun

 * 1) A book of the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox canon of the Old Testament, considered apocryphal by Protestants.

Etymology
From the.

title: Sirach


text:
Wisdom of Jesus son of Sirach

Proper noun

 * 1)  Ecclesiasticus, a book of the Bible.

title: Wisdom of Jesus son of Sirach


text:
reprogenetics

Noun

 * 1)  The use of genetics in reproduction, especially in order to choose traits in an offspring or to minimize the risk of genetic disease.

title: reprogenetics


text:
blastocyst

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  The mammalian blastula

Translations

 * Finnish: alkiorakkula, blastokysti,
 * French:
 * Hindi: कोरकपुटी
 * Icelandic: kímblaðra
 * Irish: blastaicist
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish: blastoçikildan
 * Marathi: कोरकपुटी
 * Polish: blastocysta

title: blastocyst


text:
revelatory

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * Of, pertaining to, or in the nature of a revelation
 * 1) Prophetic (especially of doom); apocalyptic

title: revelatory


text:
resequencing

Noun

 * 1) Arrangement in a new sequence; reordering.
 * 2)  The sequencing of part of an individual's genome in order to detect sequence differences between the individual and the standard genome of the species.

title: resequencing


text:
tabus

Etymology
Perhaps back formed from. More at Modern French.

Noun

 * 1) hit; strike

title: tabus


text:
Category talk:Geordie English

Move to make "Geordie English" its own category instead of including the dialect under "English"
Because, looking at any of the words in this list, I don't think any English speaker would consider this even a dialect of their language... I mean, look at the page for "made". A noun meaning maggots? Come on. Middle and Old English have their own categories, as do all the dialects of, say, Papuan languages. Dr!ppy (talk) 16:53, 27 October 2017 (UTC)

Note
This category contains words and terms in the Geordie dialect. The term Geordie itself is widely considered to pertain to Tyneside, Northumberland and Durham.

The term does not apply to Teesside (see Category:Teesside English} and Wearside (see Category:Wearside English - the Sunderland locale).

Terms that are perculiar to Tyneside, Northumberland or Durham will be labelled as such within the individual articles.

Common Northeastern dialect will be categorised under Category:Northumbrian English.

title: Category talk:Geordie English


text: Ephes.

title: Ephes.


text:
collider

Noun

 * 1)  Any of several forms of particle accelerator in which two opposing beams of particles collide.
 * 2)  A node in a causal graph that has at least two incoming edges.
 * 3)  A model of the shape of an object for purposes of collision detection.

Translations

 * Basque:
 * Catalan: col·lisonador
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: törmäytin
 * French:
 * Japanese: コライダー
 * Macedonian: судирач
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: colisionador,
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: colisionador

title: collider


text:
worryingly

Adverb

 * 1) In a worrying manner

title: worryingly


text:
phlebotomist

Noun

 * 1) A practitioner of phlebotomy.

Translations

 * French:
 * Greek:
 * Maori: kaitiki toto
 * Spanish: flebotomista

title: phlebotomist


text: Binche

title: Binche


text: orthopaedist

title: orthopaedist


text:
Category talk:Northumbrian

Note
This category contains terms perculiar to the area of Northeast England which includes Northumberland, Tyneside, Durham, Wearside and Teesside.

The terms listed within this category will be common to most the dialects of the areas that now form what was once the historical kingdom of Northumbria. For terms perculiar to specific dialects see:

 * Category:Geordie - for Tyneside, Northumberland and Durham
 * Category:Wearside dialect - for Wearside and Sunderland
 * Category:Teesside dialect - for Teesside, Middlesbrough, Hartlepool etc.

title: Category talk:Northumbrian


text:
hyperextensible

Adjective

 * 1) Capable of being stretched and extended

title: hyperextensible


text:
amyoplasia

Noun

 * 1)  A congenital condition in which there is a lack of muscle development

Translations

 * Portuguese: amioplasia

title: amyoplasia


text: paediatric

title: paediatric


text:
echocardiogram

Noun

 * 1)  The visual image formed by an echocardiograph.

Translations

 * Finnish: sydämen ultraäänikuva, ekokardiogrammi
 * French: échocardiogramme
 * Italian:
 * Persian: پژواک‌نگاری قلب

title: echocardiogram


text:
echocardiograph

Noun

 * 1)  A device that uses ultrasound to produce images of the heart

Translations

 * Czech: echokardiograf

title: echocardiograph


text:
echocardiography

Noun

 * 1)  The use of ultrasound to produce images of the heart.

Translations

 * Catalan: ecocardiografia
 * Czech:
 * Finnish: sydämen ultraäänikuvaus, ekokardiografia
 * French:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese: ecocardiografia
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: ecocardiografía
 * Turkish: ekokardiyografi, kalp ultrasonu

title: echocardiography


text:
delacroix

Etymology
From the fact that a picture of the painter Eugène Delacroix used to feature on the banknote.

Noun

 * 1)  a one-hundred French franc note

title: delacroix


text:
glander

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to do
 * 2)  to loaf around, to bum around, to cabbage
 * 1)  to loaf around, to bum around, to cabbage
 * 1)  to loaf around, to bum around, to cabbage

title: glander


text:
tinejdžer

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) teenager

title: tinejdžer


text:
tinejdžerica

Etymology
+.

Noun

 * 1) teenager female

title: tinejdžerica


text:
tinejdžerka

Etymology
+.

Noun

 * 1) teenager female

title: tinejdžerka


text: Esd.

title: Esd.


text:
microcentrifuge

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) A centrifuge used in laboratories to separate materials from small samples (especially of biological material).

Verb

 * 1)  To centrifuge in such a device.

title: microcentrifuge


text: disparities

title: disparities


text:
decadal

Adjective

 * 1) Of or related to the number ten.
 * 2) Of or related to a decade, in its various senses.
 * 3) *  2017, W. Hugh Woodin, In search of Ultimate-L: The 19th Midrasha Mathematicae Lectures (Version: January 30, 2017), p. 2
 * About the same time in a decadal sense, there was a rather unexpected discovery.

Usage notes
Although may be taken as any group of ten years, it is commonly restricted to the informal ten-year periods of the calendar whose last digits run from 0 to 9. In such contexts, decadal refers to such calendar periods while etc. refer to ten-year periods in other contexts.

Synonyms

 * See

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  ten days

title: decadal


text: multicentre

title: multicentre


text:
falciparum

Etymology
Contemporary Latin, from

Noun

 * 1)  The parasitic protozoan  that causes falciparum malaria

title: falciparum


text:
lithospheric

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to the lithosphere

title: lithospheric


text:
arthrogryposis

Noun

 * 1)  The permanent fixation of a joint in a contracted position.
 * 2)  A congenital disorder in which the joints are so fixed because of lack of muscle development.

Derived terms

 * arthrogryposis multiplex congenita

Translations

 * Catalan: artrogriposi
 * French:
 * Italian: artrogriposi
 * Polish: artrogrypoza
 * Portuguese: artrogripose
 * Spanish: artrogriposis

title: arthrogryposis


text:
scattare

Verb

 * 1)  to be released suddenly; to spring back or click open or shut
 * 2)  to trip
 * 3)  to jump up, to spring up
 * 4)  to sprint
 * 5)  to start, to be triggered, to take effect
 * 6)  to increase, to rise, to go up
 * 7)  to erupt, to break out
 * 8)  to take, to snap (a photograph)
 * 9)  to spark, to initiate

title: scattare


text: scattando

title: scattando


text:
scattante

Adjective

 * 1) quick off the mark

title: scattante


text: scattato

title: scattato


text: scattati

title: scattati


text: scattata

title: scattata


text:
scatto

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) release
 * 2) trigger
 * 3) click
 * 4) spurt
 * 5) jump, start
 * 6) increment
 * 7) dash
 * 8)  snap, photo

title: scatto


text: scatti

title: scatti


text: scatta

title: scatta


text: scattiamo

title: scattiamo


text: scattate

title: scattate


text: scattano

title: scattano


text: scattavo

title: scattavo


text: scattavi

title: scattavi


text: scattava

title: scattava


text: scattavamo

title: scattavamo


text: scattavate

title: scattavate


text: scattavano

title: scattavano


text: scattai

title: scattai


text: scattasti

title: scattasti


text: scattò

title: scattò


text: scattammo

title: scattammo


text: scattaste

title: scattaste


text: scattarono

title: scattarono


text: scatterò

title: scatterò


text: scatterai

title: scatterai


text: scatterà

title: scatterà


text: scatteremo

title: scatteremo


text: scatterete

title: scatterete


text: scatteranno

title: scatteranno


text: scatterei

title: scatterei


text: scatteresti

title: scatteresti


text: scatterebbe

title: scatterebbe


text: scatteremmo

title: scatteremmo


text: scattereste

title: scattereste


text: scatterebbero

title: scatterebbero


text: scattiate

title: scattiate


text: scattino

title: scattino


text: scattassi

title: scattassi


text: scattasse

title: scattasse


text: scattassimo

title: scattassimo


text: scattassero

title: scattassero


text:
夏天

Noun

 * 1) summer

title: 夏天


text:
ephebo

Etymology
Shortening.

Noun

 * 1)  An ephebophile.

title: ephebo


text: ephebum

title: ephebum


text: epheborum

title: epheborum


text:
scavare

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to dig
 * 2) to excavate
 * 3) to bore
 * 4) to hollow out

title: scavare


text: ephebis

title: ephebis


text: ephebos

title: ephebos


text: scavando

title: scavando


text: scavante

title: scavante


text: scavato

title: scavato


text: scavati

title: scavati


text: scavata

title: scavata


text:
scavo

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) excavation

title: scavo


text: scavi

title: scavi


text: scava

title: scava


text: scaviamo

title: scaviamo


text: scavate

title: scavate


text: scavano

title: scavano


text: scavavo

title: scavavo


text: scavavi

title: scavavi


text: scavava

title: scavava


text: scavavamo

title: scavavamo


text: scavavate

title: scavavate


text: scavavano

title: scavavano


text: scavai

title: scavai


text: scavasti

title: scavasti


text: scavò

title: scavò


text: scavammo

title: scavammo


text: scavaste

title: scavaste


text: scavarono

title: scavarono


text: scaverò

title: scaverò


text: scaverai

title: scaverai


text: scaverà

title: scaverà


text: scaveremo

title: scaveremo


text: scaverete

title: scaverete


text: scaveranno

title: scaveranno


text: scaverei

title: scaverei


text: scaveresti

title: scaveresti


text: scaverebbe

title: scaverebbe


text: scaveremmo

title: scaveremmo


text: scavereste

title: scavereste


text: scaverebbero

title: scaverebbero


text: scaviate

title: scaviate


text:
scavino

Noun

 * 1) melon baller

title: scavino


text: scavassi

title: scavassi


text: scavasse

title: scavasse


text: scavassimo

title: scavassimo


text: scavassero

title: scavassero


text: schiavi

title: schiavi


text:
熱天

Noun

 * 1) hot day
 * 2) hot weather
 * 3)  summer

title: 熱天


text: schiava

title: schiava


text: 热天

title: 热天


text: schiave

title: schiave


text:
scordare

Etymology 1
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to put out of tune

Etymology 2
From. Ultimately from.

Verb

 * 1)  to forget

Etymology
Akin to 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to forget
 * 2)  to put out of tune

title: scordare


text: scordando

title: scordando


text: scordante

title: scordante


text: scordata

title: scordata


text: scordo

title: scordo


text: scordi

title: scordi


text: scorda

title: scorda


text: scordiamo

title: scordiamo


text: scordate

title: scordate


text: scordano

title: scordano


text: scordavo

title: scordavo


text: scordavi

title: scordavi


text: scordava

title: scordava


text: scordavamo

title: scordavamo


text: scordavate

title: scordavate


text: scordavano

title: scordavano


text: scordai

title: scordai


text: scordasti

title: scordasti


text: scordò

title: scordò


text: scordammo

title: scordammo


text: scordaste

title: scordaste


text: scordarono

title: scordarono


text: scorderò

title: scorderò


text: scorderai

title: scorderai


text: scorderà

title: scorderà


text: scorderemo

title: scorderemo


text: scorderete

title: scorderete


text: scorderanno

title: scorderanno


text: scorderei

title: scorderei


text: scorderesti

title: scorderesti


text: scorderebbe

title: scorderebbe


text: scorderemmo

title: scorderemmo


text: scordereste

title: scordereste


text: scorderebbero

title: scorderebbero


text: scordiate

title: scordiate


text: scordino

title: scordino


text: scordassi

title: scordassi


text: scordasse

title: scordasse


text: scordassimo

title: scordassimo


text: scordassero

title: scordassero


text:
nontiscordardimé

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) forget-me-not

title: nontiscordardimé


text:
sdraiare

Etymology
Probably from.

Verb

 * 1)  to lay down

title: sdraiare


text: sdraiando

title: sdraiando


text: sdraiante

title: sdraiante


text:
sdraiato

Adjective

 * 1) lying down

title: sdraiato


text: sdraiati

title: sdraiati


text: sdraiata

title: sdraiata


text: sdrai

title: sdrai


text:
sdraia

Etymology 1
See more at.

title: sdraia


text: sdraiamo

title: sdraiamo


text: sdraiate

title: sdraiate


text: sdraiano

title: sdraiano


text: sdraiavo

title: sdraiavo


text: sdraiavi

title: sdraiavi


text: sdraiava

title: sdraiava


text: sdraiavamo

title: sdraiavamo


text: sdraiavate

title: sdraiavate


text:
sdraiarsi

Verb

 * 1) to lie down
 * 1) to lie down

title: sdraiarsi


text: sdraiavano

title: sdraiavano


text: sdraiai

title: sdraiai


text: sdraiasti

title: sdraiasti


text: sdraiò

title: sdraiò


text: sdraiammo

title: sdraiammo


text: sdraiaste

title: sdraiaste


text: sdraiarono

title: sdraiarono


text: sdraierò

title: sdraierò


text: sdraierai

title: sdraierai


text: sdraierà

title: sdraierà


text: Category:da:Norse mythology

title: Category:da:Norse mythology


text: sdraieremo

title: sdraieremo


text: sdraierete

title: sdraierete


text: sdraieranno

title: sdraieranno


text: sdraierei

title: sdraierei


text: sdraieresti

title: sdraieresti


text: sdraierebbe

title: sdraierebbe


text: sdraieremmo

title: sdraieremmo


text: sdraiereste

title: sdraiereste


text: sdraierebbero

title: sdraierebbero


text: sdraino

title: sdraino


text: sdraiassi

title: sdraiassi


text: sdraiasse

title: sdraiasse


text: sdraiassimo

title: sdraiassimo


text: sdraiassero

title: sdraiassero


text: sdraiarmi

title: sdraiarmi


text:
noiduttu

Adjective

 * 1) bewitched, under a spell

title: noiduttu


text: sdraiarti

title: sdraiarti


text: sdraiarci

title: sdraiarci


text: sdraiarvi

title: sdraiarvi


text: sdraiandosi

title: sdraiandosi


text: sdraiandomi

title: sdraiandomi


text: sdraiandoti

title: sdraiandoti


text: sdraiandoci

title: sdraiandoci


text: sdraiandovi

title: sdraiandovi


text: sdraiamoci

title: sdraiamoci


text: sdraiatevi

title: sdraiatevi


text:
sedici

Etymology
From.

Numeral

 * 1) sixteen

title: sedici


text: Category:cs:Psychology

title: Category:cs:Psychology


text: Category:sco:Psychology

title: Category:sco:Psychology


text:
sedile

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) seat (in a vehicle)
 * 2) bench

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) seat, bench, stool, chair

Descendants

 * (from the plural )

title: sedile


text: Category:fr:Social sciences

title: Category:fr:Social sciences


text: Category:sco:Social sciences

title: Category:sco:Social sciences


text: Category:cs:Social sciences

title: Category:cs:Social sciences


text:
sequestrare

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to confiscate
 * 2) to sequestrate
 * 3) to kidnap
 * 4) to commandeer

title: sequestrare


text: sequestrando

title: sequestrando


text:
sequestrante

Adjective

 * 1) sequestering

title: sequestrante


text:
sequestrato

Adjective

 * 1) confiscated
 * 2) sequestered
 * 3) kidnapped

title: sequestrato


text: sequestrati

title: sequestrati


text: sequestrata

title: sequestrata


text:
sequestro

Etymology 1
, derived from.

Noun

 * 1) confiscation
 * 2) sequestration
 * 3) kidnapping
 * 4)  sequestrum
 * 5) abduction

Etymology
Derived from, derived from.

Verb

 * 1)  to surrender (give up for safe keeping)
 * 2)  to sequestrate
 * 3)  to separate, remove

Etymology 1
Borrowed from, derived from.

Noun

 * 1) kidnapping (the crime of taking a person against their will, sometimes for ransom)

title: sequestro


text: sequestri

title: sequestri


text: sequestra

title: sequestra


text: sequestriamo

title: sequestriamo


text:
sequestrate

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1) To sequester.

Adjective

 * 1)  Having enclosed underground or partially buried fruiting bodies, like a truffle.

title: sequestrate


text: sequestrano

title: sequestrano


text: sequestravo

title: sequestravo


text: sequestravi

title: sequestravi


text: sequestrava

title: sequestrava


text: sequestravamo

title: sequestravamo


text: sequestravate

title: sequestravate


text: sequestravano

title: sequestravano


text: sequestrai

title: sequestrai


text: sequestrasti

title: sequestrasti


text: sequestrò

title: sequestrò


text: sequestrammo

title: sequestrammo


text: sequestraste

title: sequestraste


text: sequestrarono

title: sequestrarono


text: sequestrerò

title: sequestrerò


text: sequestrerai

title: sequestrerai


text: sequestrerà

title: sequestrerà


text: sequestreremo

title: sequestreremo


text: sequestrerete

title: sequestrerete


text: sequestreranno

title: sequestreranno


text: sequestrerei

title: sequestrerei


text: sequestreresti

title: sequestreresti


text: sequestrerebbe

title: sequestrerebbe


text: sequestreremmo

title: sequestreremmo


text: sequestrereste

title: sequestrereste


text: sequestrerebbero

title: sequestrerebbero


text: sequestriate

title: sequestriate


text: sequestrino

title: sequestrino


text: sequestrassi

title: sequestrassi


text: sequestrasse

title: sequestrasse


text: sequestrassimo

title: sequestrassimo


text: sequestrassero

title: sequestrassero


text:
Proto-Slavic

Etymology
en

Proper noun

 * 1)  A hypothetical, reconstructed language whence all the Slavic languages later descended.

Synonyms

 * , (more accurately referring to a late form of Proto-Slavic)
 * (may also refer to or )

Hyponyms

 * , (less accurately used as a synonym)

Translations

 * Aragonese: idioma protoeslabo
 * Belarusian: праславя́нская мо́ва, праславя́нская
 * Bulgarian: праславя́нски ези́к
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 原始斯拉夫語
 * Czech: praslovanština
 * Danish: urslavisk
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: praslava lingvo
 * Faroese: fornslaviskt
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German: Urslawisch
 * Italian:, lingua protoslava
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: 슬라브조어
 * Lithuanian: slavų prokalbė
 * Macedonian: прасловенски јазик
 * Polish: język prasłowiański, prasłowiańszczyzna
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: limba slavă veche
 * Russian: праславя́нский язы́к
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: пра̏славе̄нскӣ, пра̏слове̄нскӣ
 * Roman:, prȁslovēnskī
 * Slovak: praslovančina
 * Slovene: prȃslovȃnščina
 * Spanish: protoeslavo
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian: праслов'я́нська мо́ва, праслов'я́нська

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to the Proto-Slavic language.
 * 2) Of or pertaining to the people or nation that spoke Proto-Slavic.

Translations

 * Belarusian: праславя́нскі
 * Bulgarian: праславя́нски
 * Czech: praslovanský
 * Esperanto: praslava
 * Finnish: kantaslaavilainen
 * French:
 * German:
 * Italian:
 * Macedonian: прасловенски
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: пра̏славе̄нскӣ, пра̏слове̄нскӣ
 * Roman:, prȁslovēnskī
 * Slovak: praslovanský
 * Slovene: prȃslovȃnski
 * Ukrainian:

title: Proto-Slavic


text:
abollae

Etymology
Regular first declension inflection.

title: abollae


text:
abollam

Etymology
Regular first declension inflection.

title: abollam


text:
abollarum

Etymology
Regular first declension inflection.

title: abollarum


text:
abollis

Etymology
Regular first declension inflection.

title: abollis


text:
abollas

Etymology
Regular first declension inflection.

title: abollas


text:
špendlík

Etymology
For the plum, from, a form widespread in for now ; for the pin, from , , , both ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1) pin needle-like device with no eye and a head

title: špendlík


text:
out on the tiles

Alternative forms

 * on the tiles

Prepositional phrase

 * 1)  Out for a night on the town.
 * "I've had a pint of bitter and now I'm feeling better and I'm out on the tiles." - Led Zeppelin, Out on the Tiles (1970).

Synonyms

 * on the town

Translations

 * Finnish: juhlimassa, kaupungilla
 * Spanish: de juerga, de marcha

title: out on the tiles


text:
starting point

Noun

 * 1)  The place where a journey starts.
 * King's Cross Station proved to be the starting point of a journey that took me around the world.
 * 1) The first steps when commencing an activity.
 * Examining the data and facts will be a good starting point.
 * Examining the data and facts will be a good starting point.
 * Examining the data and facts will be a good starting point.

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani: çıxış nöqtəsi
 * Catalan: punt de partida
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: elirpunkto
 * Faroese: útgangspunkt
 * Finnish: lähtöpaikka, lähtöpiste
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἀφορμή
 * Irish: tús, túsphointe
 * Macedonian: поаѓа́лиште
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: utgangspunkt, startsted
 * Nynorsk: utgangspunkt
 * Polish:
 * Romanian:
 * Spanish: punto de partida
 * Swedish:
 * Welsh:

 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani: çıxış nöqtəsi
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, , ,
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: elirpunkto
 * Faroese: útgangspunkt
 * Finnish:, , lähtöpiste
 * French: ,
 * German:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: utgangspunkt
 * Nynorsk: utgangspunkt
 * Polish:
 * Welsh:

title: starting point


text:
volej

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) volley a shot in which the ball is played before it hits the ground

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) volley shot in which the ball is played before it bounces

title: volej


text:
volleying

Noun

 * 1) The firing of a volley.

title: volleying


text: volleyed

title: volleyed


text:
vaterpolo

Noun

 * 1) water polo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) water polo

Noun

 * 1)  water polo

title: vaterpolo


text:
bejzbol

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) baseball

title: bejzbol


text:
budžet

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) budget

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) budget

title: budžet


text:
ekspres

Adjective

 * 1) express

Noun

 * 1) express train

Etymology
From, from , from.

Etymology
From, from , from +.

Adjective

 * 1) express, fast

Etymology 1
.

Etymology 2
, from.

Noun

 * 1)  train that stops only at major cities, faster than an express train

Etymology 3
, from.

Noun

 * 1) coffee machine, coffeemaker

Usage notes
Often disambiguated as.

Etymology 4
, from, from.

Noun

 * 1) expedited service
 * 2)  quickdraw
 * 3)  type of double-barrelled rifle
 * 4)  zip, zip fastener, zipper

Etymology
From, from , from +.

Noun

 * 1) express

Etymology
, ultimately borrowed from or.

Noun

 * 1) express train

title: ekspres


text:
at pains

Prepositional phrase

 * 1)  Making careful effort (to).

Usage notes

 * Emphasis is by using an adjective to modify "pains", commonly "great":.

Translations

 * French: faire tout son possible pour
 * Swedish: bemöda sig om att

title: at pains


text: bunkata

title: bunkata


text:
Helge

Etymology
.

Related terms

 * female forms:, ,

Etymology 1
.

Etymology
From. Recorded in Norway since the Middle Ages.

Related terms

 * (female given names), , ,
 * (surnames)

Etymology
.

Interjection

 * 1) The letter "H" in the Swedish spelling alphabet (since 1960; previously Harald)

Related terms

 * female forms: ,

title: Helge


text:
vitsikäs

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) jokey, joking, jocular, facetious pleasantly humorous

title: vitsikäs


text:
Helga

Etymology
("holy"), a pre-Christian term, feminine form of. .

Proper noun

 * 1)  occasionally borrowed from Scandinavia.

Translations

 * Danish: Helga
 * Faroese: Helga
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Latvian: Elga
 * Norwegian:
 * Nynorsk: Helga
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Swedish:

Etymology
From.

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * , ultimately from

Etymology
From.

Usage notes
Matronymics
 * son of Helga: Helguson
 * daughter of Helga: Helgudóttir

Etymology
Variant of.

Etymology
From, from.

Etymology
From the Old Norse adjectives, a weak forms of.

The alternative form stems from the Old Norse adjective, a weak form of.

Cognate to the male given names and.

Descendants

Etymology
..

Etymology
, from.

Etymology
From, , from.

title: Helga


text:
pride comes before a fall

Etymology
Probably a misquote of Proverbs 16:18.

Proverb

 * 1) A person who is excessively proud will often suffer a setback or failure.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: pýcha předchází pád
 * Danish: hovmod står for fald
 * Dutch: hoogmoed komt voor de val
 * Finnish: ylpeys käy lankeemuksen edellä
 * French:
 * German:, Übermut tut selten gut
 * Icelandic: dramb er falli næst
 * Italian: l'orgoglio precede la caduta
 * Japanese: 驕れる者久しからず
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Polish: pycha poprzedza upadek, pycha kroczy przed upadkiem, pycha przed upadkiem chodzi
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: горды́ня до добра́ не доведёт, Сатана гордился, с неба свалился; фараон гордился, в море утопился; а мы гордимся - куда годимся? (literally, Satan was proud and fell from heaven; the pharaoh was proud but sank in the sea; and when we are proud, what are we worth?)
 * Slovene: kdor visoko leta, nizko pade
 * Swedish: högmod går före fall
 * Vietnamese:

title: pride comes before a fall


text:
kombajn

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) combine, combine harvester

Related terms

 * See

Etymology
, from, from.

Noun

 * 1)  combine harvester
 * 2)  boom box
 * 3)  any large device that has a multitude of functions

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) combine combine harvester

title: kombajn


text: pride goeth before a fall

title: pride goeth before a fall


text: dso

title: dso


text:
kros

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) cross country sport

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) angry (with)

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) cross-country race

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) angry, cross, infuriated

Noun

 * 1) quarrel, anger

Noun

 * 1) crucifix, cross

Verb

 * 1) to be angry

title: kros


text:
čarter

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) charter

title: čarter


text:
DFDAU

Noun

 * : the processor on an aircraft that feeds data to the black box flight data recorder.

title: DFDAU


text: rapeat

title: rapeat


text: raukeat

title: raukeat


text: rempseät

title: rempseät


text: reteät

title: reteät


text: ripeät

title: ripeät


text: rouheat

title: rouheat


text: räikeät

title: räikeät


text: rämeät

title: rämeät


text: römeät

title: römeät


text: röyhkeät

title: röyhkeät


text:
Oili

Etymology
Vernacular form of.

title: Oili


text: sakeat

title: sakeat


text: salskeat

title: salskeat


text: sameat

title: sameat


text: selkeät

title: selkeät


text: sikeät

title: sikeät


text: sileät

title: sileät


text: sirkeät

title: sirkeät


text: sitkeät

title: sitkeät


text: siveät

title: siveät


text: soikeat

title: soikeat


text: sokeat

title: sokeat


text: soreat

title: soreat


text: suikeat

title: suikeat


text: sumeat

title: sumeat


text: suopeat

title: suopeat


text: suppeat

title: suppeat


text:
Helka

Etymology
From <.

title: Helka


text: surkeat

title: surkeat


text: synkeät

title: synkeät


text: säyseät

title: säyseät


text: tahmeat

title: tahmeat


text: tanhuat

title: tanhuat


text:
mač

Etymology
. Further etymology unclear.

Noun

 * 1) sword

title: mač


text: double entendres

title: double entendres


text: tankeat

title: tankeat


text: tiheät

title: tiheät


text: tuikeat

title: tuikeat


text: turpeat

title: turpeat


text: tuuheat

title: tuuheat


text: tympeät

title: tympeät


text:
Helle

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1)  A daughter of king Athamas, who, together with her brother Phrixus, fled from their stepmother Ino to Colchis on a golden ram. On their way, she fell from its back and was drowned in the strait called, after her, Hellespont.

Translations

 * Greek:
 * Ancient: Ἕλλη
 * Italian: Elle
 * Latin: Hellē
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: Ге́лла
 * Spanish: Hele

Etymology
From a diminutive of.

Etymology

 * (Beekdaelen) First attested as Helle in 1803-1820. Derived from either or a deformation of . See also 🇨🇬.
 * (Gulpen-Wittem) First attested as Hölle in 1803-1820. Likely derived from . A derivation from is less likely when the oldest attestation of the toponym is taken into account.

Etymology
Variant of also associated with ; comparable to Finnish Hellä.

Etymology 1
Partially variants of, partially from as a relatively recent surname adopted during Finnicization of surnames in the early 20th century.

Etymology 2
From.

Etymology 1
Nominalization of the adjective.

Noun

 * 1) pale lager

Noun

 * 1) brightness

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Helle

Etymology
From.

title: Helle


text: tärkeät

title: tärkeät


text: törkeät

title: törkeät


text: töykeät

title: töykeät


text: uhkeat

title: uhkeat


text: upeat

title: upeat


text: urheat

title: urheat


text: useat

title: useat


text:
Hege

Etymology
Spelling variant of, a dialectal form of with a loss of -l- following a lengthening of the preceding vowel.

title: Hege


text:
usea

Etymology
From. Cognates include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) many, several, a lot (of)

title: usea


text:
useampi

Adjective

 * 1) ; more of countable things; multiple

title: useampi