text:
Talk:black-on-black crime

black-on-black crime
A real term, although I'm not very familiar with it. Sense being checked is "The crime which occurs when the poorest, weakest members of a population turn on each other out of desperation" - I can see where it would come from based on the literal meaning, but I think we need something to back it up. Globish 02:35, 15 December 2007 (UTC)
 * POV sense removed. More general definition added. SemperBlotto 08:18, 15 December 2007 (UTC)

 * This is a set phrase, with a large literature and little agreement about the subject. SB's def is much less PoV: Crime, especially violent crime in an inner city, carried out by black people against their peers. Let me propose an even simpler one: "Crime carried out by black people against peers and neighbors who are black." Crimes like burglary, theft, vandalism are not inherently violent, but are included. No theory or limits needed. Any objections? DCDuring 11:39, 15 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Any topical essay would describe the incongruity and senselessness of such inner divisiveness, but I don't see how a dictionary definition can hope to cover that adequately. While it covers non-violent crime as well, it is being called a noun of its own (despite being sum-of-parts) to disparage the entire concept.  I think your removal of "especially crime in an inner city" would detract from the sense significantly (but perhaps removing the single word "violent" is more of what your were trying to say?)  --Connel MacKenzie 21:50, 15 December 2007 (UTC)

 * AGF. The topical essays cover a wide variety of points of view and theories. I was trying to remove the implicit and conjectural theories and isolate the common element, which is IMO something like what I have proposed. I saw no reason for my own suburban city and our three neighboring suburban cities to be excluded from the definition, nor the neighboring suburban towns with significant black populations, nor the boroughs of New York outside Manhattan, which include some very crime-ridden places, but don't fit most definitions of inner city (or inner + city). The meaning of BoBC is largely SoP, once you have a def. for "black-on-black" {which WT does not), but it is certainly a set phrase. It seems possible to say "violent black on black crime", but not "black on black violent crime". I called it a "noun" solely because it functions as a noun grammatically, including having a plural form. I have been operating under the assumption that, per WT documentation, the list of valid English PoSs does not include "Phrase", "Verb Form", "Idiom", "Transitive verb", and "Intransitive Verb", but does include "Proverb", which this is certainly not. DCDuring 22:40, 15 December 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't understand why you cry "AGF" above. I don't see anything untoward I wrote (nor any way that what I wrote could be misconstrued as such.)  I don't think that "inner city" in any way excludes any other region, but it does round the context out to typical uses of the phrase.  Are you suggesting the set-phrase is used especially in suburban references?  That is news to me (and frankly can't see how that could have evolved that way, linguistically, as it seem to have started out as a term exclusively classifying inner city crime.)
 * About headings, yes, I've for several years used ===Phrase=== as a heading; in this case I think ===Noun=== fits a little better, but don't care too much which heading is chosen (at this point in time.)
 * --Connel MacKenzie 00:34, 20 December 2007 (UTC)

 * I think you want to delete this because the person who added it was black.

How is this idiomatic? It's crime. Committed by black people, on black people. "White-on-white crime" or "hispanic-on-Asian" crime would be equally instantly understood. bd2412 T 01:09, 20 December 2007 (UTC)

 * The discussion ended with no conclusion, so I fell back on whether or not it had been cited and verified, it had not. rfvfailed - 20:30, 13 April 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:black-on-black crime


text:
sąd

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  court

Etymology 1
..

Noun

 * 1)  court
 * 2)  jurisdiction, judicial power
 * 3)  court hearing, court proceeding
 * 4)  litigation
 * 5)  Final Judgment
 * 6)  court; jurisdiction
 * 7)  sentence
 * 8) judgement, opinion
 * 1)  Final Judgment
 * 2)  court; jurisdiction
 * 3)  sentence
 * 4) judgement, opinion
 * 1)  sentence
 * 2) judgement, opinion
 * 1)  sentence
 * 2) judgement, opinion
 * 1) judgement, opinion
 * 1) judgement, opinion
 * 1) judgement, opinion

Etymology 2
..

Noun

 * 1) vessel
 * 2)  vessel
 * 1)  vessel

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1)  court
 * 2) court
 * 3) court
 * 4)  trial
 * 5) judgment
 * 6)  proposition
 * 7)  reason
 * 8)  sentence, judgment
 * 1)  sentence, judgment
 * 1)  sentence, judgment

Etymology 2
.

Noun

 * 1)  carrying pole, shoulder pole
 * 2)  vessel, especially one for collecting milk
 * 1)  vessel, especially one for collecting milk

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: sąd


text:
User talk:LA2/Archive

Conrad.Irwin 20:34, 13 April 2008 (UTC)

IPA
Hi, we don't allow IPA pronunciations next to the head word. Can you please move them to the ===Pronunciation=== section, and use slashes (//) or square brackets ([]) as I've just done for bergets. Thanks. Mglovesfun (talk) 14:39, 18 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Sure, I just copied what I found on another page. See also Beer parlour. --LA2 14:45, 18 August 2010 (UTC)

"new" i mallnamn
De fyra sv-new-...-mallarna används av "You can create an entry..."-strukturen, d.v.s. "new" syftar inte på att mallen är ny, utan att den används för nya uppslag. (Den femte av de mallarna, sv-adj-new, var dock en temporär mall jag använde medan jag jonglerade med strukturen för att kunna göra mig av med ett par gamla mallar utan att riskera att förstöra uppslag under tiden. Dock hade jag bara omdirigerat den och glömt att radera den. Och ja, det finns fortfarande för många mallar. (Jag vet dock inte om vi egentligen kan göra oss av med -form--mallarna.) \Mike 00:34, 19 August 2010 (UTC)

Conjugation and declension templates
I have created Conjugation and declension templates in parallel with Inflection templates, following an old discussion on the Beer Parlour here. I have also added some 'policy' on naming, taken from Category talk:Conjugation and declension templates, and also on the difference between the two. You should probably move the appropriate Swedish conjugation/declension table templates from the latter into the former. —CodeCat 10:25, 20 August 2010 (UTC)

Passive verb forms
I just noticed that Swedish wiktionary lists passive verb forms in its conjugation tables, but English wiktionary does not. See e.g. kalla. Since you're already working on the templates, do you think you could add those forms to the tables while you're at it? —CodeCat 23:37, 20 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Yes, this is one of many things that need improvement here. First, we need to rename and graphically redesign our declension and conjugation table templates. --LA2 02:52, 21 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Also reciprocal (is this what they are called in English?) such as slåss - sure, that's an exception as it doesn't coincide with the passive, but as has been remarked elsewhere, "passive" may not be the best name for that column. \Mike 05:46, 21 August 2010 (UTC)

 * My short mentioning of spelling reforms immediately led to more questions. After some thinking, I concluded that there needs to be a better article in the English Wikipedia, which en.wiktionary can refer to. There's little point in writing up detailed descriptions (e.g. Appendix:Swedish grammar, Appendix:History of Swedish orthography) here. The same goes for passive verbs, passive-only verbs, etc. They should be mentioned, named, described, all with source references in Swedish language or one of the more specialized Wikipedia articles. --LA2 06:46, 21 August 2010 (UTC)

 * You could create a page similar to Appendix:Dutch parts of speech to explain things that might not otherwise be obvious. Specifically, take a look at the section about the inflected form of adjectives on that page. —CodeCat 09:43, 21 August 2010 (UTC)

Inflected forms and other issues
In your 'diary' I noticed you were wondering a few things, so I'd like to give my opinion on them. How do we create entries for all inflected forms? I think you might want to look at MewBot, which is a bot written by me that handles Dutch verb and adjective forms. If you know Python, you can re-use most of the code, and use the rest as an example to create your own formbot for Swedish. If not, then I can extend MewBot myself to do it instead. For that, it would be necessary to standardise the templates and reduce their amount as much as possible.

''How should templates be named? Is the -reg-/-irreg- part of the name really necessary?'' I don't think -reg- is really necessary. -irreg- could be shortened to -irr-.

Can we do with fewer templates and shorter names? To reduce the amount of templates, I think the best course of action is to devise templates that have several parameters so that one template can be used in many situations. To that end, it makes sense that the parameters should have sensible defaults so that they can be left out. An easy approach would be to make one template each for the five types listed here: 1, 2, 3, 4, irregular. But it is also easily possible to unify types 1 to 3 into a single template. Something like this:

 * or even (the latter assumes infinitive+r if nothing is specified)
 * (for type 4 verbs, i.e. strong verbs, specify the three stems)
 * (for type 4 verbs, i.e. strong verbs, specify the three stems)
 * (for type 4 verbs, i.e. strong verbs, specify the three stems)
 * (for type 4 verbs, i.e. strong verbs, specify the three stems)

Should templates for Swedish words be standardized across languages of Wiktionary? I wouldn't try. There's too much work involved in standardising it, and while it is convenient, it's probably not worth the trouble. —CodeCat 20:47, 21 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Yes, I think something along these lines is what we should aim for. What the Wikipedia article describes is what Swedish primary schools teach as "the four conjugations", along with "the four grains" (wheat, oat, rye and bug), "the four math operators" (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) and "the four rivers of Halland" (Lagan, Nissan, Ätran, Viskan), but it is an overly simplified pattern (Swedish farmers grow other crops too). Already in the next table you see that group 2 needs to be split into 2a and 2b. I would suggest the parameters stäng|er|de, läs|er|te, smält|er|e, and sy|r|dde as the parameters, which should be easy to learn and remember. However, already the supine form creates problems: stäng-t, läs-t, smält-, sy-tt, so maybe that ending needs a parameter of its own. And for smid|er|de (weak verb, stem ends in -d) the supine was more regular in the obsolete spelling smidt (before 1906) than in the current smitt. That supine needs to be an additional, optional parameter. (The 1906 dt/tt spelling reform introduced a new conjugation, 2c, for weak verbs with -d stem, but Swedish primary schools pretended like nothing changed.) From a template designing perspective (something Swedish primary schools never prioritized), I'd use the name sv-conj for the strong conjugation, since that template should actually be useful as a base template to be called by the one for the weak conjugations. The "strong template" too needs the present tense ending, to distinguish stryk|er|strök from se|r|såg. Then still, the irregular verbs "vara" with the present tense "är" can't be constructed from an ending alone, so you might need the full present tense as the parameter, which leads up almost to the current . As it happens, when I coloured the current templates blue, I already made that my base template, so renaming it to sv-conj is almost the next step. So, there are a few more details to sort out (conjunctives? passive forms? support for old -dt spelling?), but the main principle is sound. It would make sense to consider including Norwegian and Danish in any such redesign effort, so we end up with a common pattern of template design. --LA2 03:55, 22 August 2010 (UTC)

 * All very good points. I'll try making a start with a template for weak verbs, and then you can try breaking it with a verb I hadn't anticipated. :P —CodeCat 08:47, 22 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Ok, I've decided to settle for three templates for weak verbs:, , . I've added various tests here. —CodeCat 09:20, 22 August 2010 (UTC)

 * These resemble the existing and, so is there any major improvement? --LA2 09:24, 22 August 2010 (UTC)

 * I've changed the templates somewhat, now handles -ar verbs as well so the other one has become obsolete, and this probably should become just . -r verbs are still separate, wondering how I could unify them in a neat way. It does seem that the deciding factor for many forms is essentially the final letter of the stem: voiced (stänga), voiceless (läsa), r (höra, göra), t (smälta), vowel (sy). So perhaps there could be something like an end= parameter, which can be either vd, vl, t, r or vw. That would then decide most of the endings. Only the assimilation of the supine would need to be handled with a separate form. What do you think? —CodeCat 10:18, 22 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Everything would be so much easier if we had a substring function so we could determine the last letter of the stem, without requiring the template user to submit this as a separate paramter. --LA2 10:39, 22 August 2010 (UTC)

 * I have created as well, and added a lot more test cases to my sandbox page. I believe the templates can cover all regular verbs now, and perhaps a few slightly irregular ones too. For the rest we have . Mission accomplished, I would say, unless you find a serious flaw that I missed. —CodeCat 11:42, 22 August 2010 (UTC)

LA2-bot
Don't you think you might be going through the testing a bit too quickly? The recent changes is getting flooded... --Yair rand (talk) 06:03, 22 August 2010 (UTC)

blocked: too many edits, bad edits, e.g. egga. Robert Ullmann 06:38, 22 August 2010 (UTC)

You must manually check the "bot" edits. Every single one. And fix any problems. You would be well advised to slow down seriously, take a few weeks or months to get to know things. Robert Ullmann 06:47, 22 August 2010 (UTC)

 * I'm sorry, I thought I was taking it slow and easy and I did manually check each of the 185 edits made so far. I'm surprised I missed egga. I'll check the edits again. --LA2 07:52, 22 August 2010 (UTC)

 * There was apparently one other, and you've found it; thank you. I've removed the administrative block. Cheers, Robert Ullmann 08:26, 22 August 2010 (UTC)

 * There were three other: diskretisera, föra in and fäkta. My pywikipedia regex (shown at the top of user:LA2) missed the last line that didn't end in a newline. Four errors in 185 edits is far too many. I should have noticed this already at diskretisera. --LA2 08:31, 22 August 2010 (UTC)
 * However, would it be possible to stop the bot during the vote? It's standard operating procedure to make some test edits (less than 100) but it's way over that now. Mglovesfun (talk) 11:07, 4 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Sure, I have stopped it. Let's be clear, however, that the vote is not over whether those edits should be made. The vote is only over the bot status that would hide the edits from appearing on the Recent Changes page. I have made 3 manual edits per minute (as LA2) and you just made 6 manual edits in one minute (starting with realigeblaj) assisted by some JavaScript. The edits by LA2-bot were throttled back to 1 or 2 edits per minute. If you find errors in my edits, manual or automated, this is something we should of course discuss and correct. But that's not what the vote is about. --LA2 14:01, 4 September 2010 (UTC)
 * BTW if you have a way to convert * Swedish: link to * Swedish: link then it would be nice to extend this to as many languages as possible. Mglovesfun (talk) 10:47, 6 September 2010 (UTC)

 * After some more testing, I have now expanded to the Scandinavian languages (Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic, Faroese) which I can understand (more or less). I still have to sort out some cases manually, so I manually approve each edit. Some statistics can be found on Template talk:t. --LA2 21:54, 16 September 2010 (UTC)

Can your bot add to Armenian translations, like this? Note, Armenian has transliterations. --Vahag 14:49, 17 September 2010 (UTC)

 * In theory, yes, if all examples look exactly like that and if I had more time. In practice, however, variations are great and need manual intervention ever so often. And I have other priorities, so I will not do this for Armenian. --LA2 14:53, 17 September 2010 (UTC)

 * OK, no problem. --Vahag 14:54, 17 September 2010 (UTC)

Translations
Hi, I just wanted to point out a couple things about translation. Cheers. --Bequw → τ 22:55, 25 August 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Translations into English go on the definition (eg älva) or not at all if it is unnecessary (eg häradshövding, häradsrätt)
 * 2) Translation between foreign languages should go in foreign language Wiktioanaries. Could you move the translations of glassbil, jäätelöauto, ere, äro to the foreign Wiktionaries (glassbil, jäätelöauto, ere, äro respectively). Thanks.

unna example sentence 2
Is this a quotation or an example sentence? If it is a quotation, the line should start with #*. Nadando 21:14, 27 August 2010 (UTC)

 * I've sent a friend request to quotations, but they haven't responded yet. Wrt quotations, I'm still in the "it's complicated" stage. --LA2 21:18, 27 August 2010 (UTC)

 * I think the requirements on a quotation are higher. It should be the first or a really representative use of the word. I'm just picking random examples, but I prefer to pick them from the Bible or well-known literature (here: Goethe), where I can find a ready translation instead of inventing my own. And so I postfix a parenthesis with the reference to the source. --LA2 21:44, 27 August 2010 (UTC)

Parts of speech
CGEL is the most modern (2002) comprehensive grammar of English. C $150, but at many better libraries in the Reference section. You should look at their remix of part of speech ("PoS") categories. There is usually not a major problem with nouns, verbs, and adjectives. Adverbs like those ending in -ly are OK too. After that, among the "closed classes of grammatical function words" (all elements of which expression need explanation) all bets are off. And there are even difficulties with forms of verbs like -ing forms and past participles and with proper nouns.

You may find the pathbreaking Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language (1985) more available and more congenial. Both this and CGEL have the important category of determiners. See Category:English determiners. We had an interesting (to me anyway) discussion about adding that to the list of allowed PoS ("L3") headers.

We try to retain all the traditional PoS headers because of their widespread usage and because they are an adequate starting point. You might take note of some of the grammatical subcategories in, say, Category:English adverbs and take a look at English adjectives for an example of the type of criteria for determining whether something is a given PoS. The field is both fascinating and maddening.

It is important to have a realistic perspective about these things. Dictionaries throw things into these categories for their users. Grammarians get insight from reclassification. Most people speak correctly by any reasonable standard when they need to, without remembering the parts of speech from their schooling, let alone the more up-to-date grammatical classes grammarians may invent and use. DCDuring TALK 19:41, 20 September 2010 (UTC)

The writings of David Crystal (including his Encyclopedia of Language and Encyclopedia of the English Language) are ways of getting a handle on matters. DCDuring TALK 19:46, 20 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Why is this on my user talk page, and not in the Wikipedia article? --LA2 20:20, 20 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Because it sounds more authoritative than it is. It is an amateur's perspective. I'm not really even bi-lingual. My Babel box show various -1 levels is an exaggeration (as I disclosed at admin vote time). DCDuring TALK 20:26, 20 September 2010 (UTC)

The "l" template
In this edit, an incorrect substitution was made. The template was created and should be used in lists, not within text. For that, we use the template. --EncycloPetey 04:28, 23 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Really? What is the harm from using the l template in text? I have used it in text in my manual edits, so the bot edit is consistent with that. --LA2 20:54, 25 September 2010 (UTC)

erfarenheterna (and others)
Why have you generating plurals of words that we don't have in the singular? SemperBlotto 20:38, 16 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Is that a problem? I'm generating entries for common words, in no particular order. Sometimes the plural before the singular. The entry is correct, even if it contains a red link. --LA2 20:47, 16 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Indeed, you do the same, right, Semper? Mglovesfun (talk) 12:15, 30 October 2010 (UTC)

Article creation
Hello LA2, I saw on Special:RecentChanges when you create a new article, you write Swedish in the field Summary. If you do not fill the file Summary, then it is the beggining of the code which is showed. So, with the beggining of the code, we see in RecentChanges that it is Swedish and more. So, I think you could not fill the field Summary when you create a new article, there are more informations without filling. Thanks. Pamputt 22:08, 17 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Really, are you sure you want that? It will make things easier for me, but it will fill up the summary field with a lot of wiki codes that I consider ugly. --LA2 23:49, 17 October 2010 (UTC)
 * In fact, I prefer see the code. However, I do not contribute a lot on en.wikt (I am on fr.wikt) so I think if en.wikt contributors are not disturbed by that, then you do as you want :) Pamputt 13:13, 18 October 2010 (UTC)

Large POS categories
Hi, MglovesfunBot using AutoWikiBrowser can only convert lang=Italian to lang=it for categories with up to 25 000 members, this is because that's AWB's limits. So categories like Italian, Spanish and French verb forms (for example) are too big. Can LA2bot do it instead? In fact I only managed to do about 12 000 of the members of Category:Italian plurals yesterday as I built up so much lag. Mglovesfun (talk) 11:37, 22 October 2010 (UTC)

Swedish declension templates
If you know a way to do it, Swedish declension templates shouldn't go under the ===Noun=== header, but rather the ====Declension==== header. I've been fixing some by hand, but there are quite a lot of them! Mglovesfun (talk) 12:10, 30 October 2010 (UTC)

 * I tried to make a bot replacement, but there are too many exceptions, so for now I'm just fixing them manually as I stumble upon them. Maybe later I will find some way to automate it. --LA2 12:12, 30 October 2010 (UTC)

 * I have gone through the obvious cases among the Swedish verbs and started with the nouns. The remaining cases require a fresh XML dump, which I'm eagerly waiting for. --LA2 05:37, 4 December 2010 (UTC)

Adding words correctly
Hej! Yes, that was quite embarrassing to see those mistakes I made. Did I get it right this time? plasttallrik --dezzie 20:59, 3 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Looks fine! --LA2 21:05, 3 December 2010 (UTC)

Interwicket userpage links
Dear LA2,

 * May I add an Interwicket link to the Swedish version of your user page? If so, thank you. - Lo Ximiendo 05:32, 4 December 2010 (UTC)

 * I did so now. Thank's for reminding me. --LA2 05:35, 4 December 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:LA2/Archive


text:
sa bhaile

Adverb

 * 1) at home

title: sa bhaile


text:
wina

Verb

 * 1)  to reside

Etymology 1
, from.

Noun

 * 1) guilt, fault

Noun

 * 1) mother

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) guilt

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to win

title: wina


text:
Σύδνεϋ

Proper noun

 * 1) Sydney

title: Σύδνεϋ


text: Citations:unfilled

title: Citations:unfilled


text:
Σίδνεϊ

Proper noun

 * 1) Sydney

title: Σίδνεϊ


text:
Talk:unfilled

unfilled
Verb sense: past of unfill. But is unfilled a verb or just an adjective? RJFJR 05:37, 16 December 2007 (UTC)

 * It appears to be a rare or obsolete verb:
 * 1606 - Thomas Midleton, The Revenger's Tragedy, act ii, scene 2
 * I'll pierce him to his face; he shall die looking upon me. Thy veins are swell'd with lust; this shall unfill 'em
 * --EncycloPetey 20:26, 16 December 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:unfilled


text:
bieda

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1) to till the land in a group

Etymology
, from. .

Noun

 * 1)  poverty, need
 * 2)  the poor
 * 3)  hassle, trouble, bother
 * 1)  the poor
 * 2)  hassle, trouble, bother
 * 1)  hassle, trouble, bother

title: bieda


text:
Talk:back water

back water
Both verb senses: are these regional or obsolete or something? --Connel MacKenzie 04:31, 27 December 2007 (UTC)
 * The first sense, when propoerly defined, refers to rowing a boat aftward as part of a retreat, escape, docking, or turning maneuver. To stop a boat you would drag the oars in the water, increasing the portion of the oar in the water until the speed was very slow, whereupon backing water would be practical. It is discussed in translations of Thuydides and in contemporary articles about competitive rowing. I could certainly cite it.
 * The second, figurative, sense may exist, but back-pedalling would be much more widely understood.
 * Second sense seems to be closer to meaning "retreat". DCDuring 06:08, 27 December 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:back water


text:
Talk:homophobia

RFV discussion
Are the first two senses real: #1: pathological fear of mankind, and #2: fear of sameness? I tried to find quotes, but did not encounter anything reasonable. In fact, one article first claimed that homosexuals invented the term homophobia, but that actually it should mean "fear of mankind", because "homo" means a man. The explanations provided for "fear of sameness" weren't any better. Hekaheka 11:16, 28 December 2007 (UTC)
 * These both seem highly bogus, although the second has a veneer of plausibility. The proper terms for these meanings would appear to be anthropophobia and homoiophobia, respectively. It's possible that someone somewhere has also used homophobia in these senses, but that seems rather unlikely, at least in recent times when the antipathy-for-homosexuals sense has become so dominant.  BTW, do we have a coinage date for the primary sense? -- Visviva 11:36, 28 December 2007 (UTC)
 * There's one date and author mentioned in the etymology section. I bumped in the same reference during my search for quotes. Hekaheka 12:21, 28 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Doh! You'd think I could have seen that.  Well, that gives us at least two good cites for the 'anthropophobia' sense:  and .  Not sure about this one: . Expect more can be found by searching for the Japanese word.-- Visviva 12:43, 28 December 2007 (UTC)

Primary meaning
In recent years, I have never heard homophobia used to mean anything other than "antipathy towards homosexuals". It seems bizarre that this should not be given as the primary meaning. The other meanings presumably do exist, but for all intents and purposes these days, they must surely be regarded as obsolete. "Antipathy towards homosexuals" has effectively displaced any other meanings in modern usage. I don't suppose it was ever a common word before this meaning came along, perhaps used mostly by people who fashioned it on the spot from its Greek roots and expected their listener or reader to be able to do likewise (leaving the fear of mankind meaning even less likely, as it requires mixing languages.)

I think the success of the Gay movement in introducing the 'antipathy' meaning comes as much as anything from the fact that it's a very clever construction. The uncomfortable etymology serves to irritate many people enough to make it stick in the mind, while there's enough left of the fear in -phobia to imply that the gay-hater is such because of his own inadequacy. He fears, so he hates. It's a name-calling word. It packs a punch.

The homo- part is only indirectly derived from the Greek. In this word, it derives directly from "Homo": a contraction of "Homosexual", although you could argue that the coiner has himself shortened "homosexual" rather than reaching for the contraction in common use. So IMHO this Wictionary entry is desperately in need of editing, if only to change the order of the meanings. As an infrequent visitor, I'm not going to do this myself. I think the lack of citations for the other meanings is probably sufficient reason to do this, but my opinions on the etymology are not backed up by any research, so I'll content myself with adding to the discussion. DominicCronin 11:41, 19 September 2010 (UTC)

 * As to the order of the meanings, we have three general schools of thought: 1., oldest first, 2., most common first, 3., oldest group first, most common or basic within groups. Only 1 & 2 are relevant here. I am agnostic.
 * The meaning of -phobia: is usually fear, but also dislike, avoid, notwithstanding its etymology. DCDuring TALK 23:17, 29 September 2010 (UTC)

 * In this case, the entry could be split by etymology to place the modern meaning first. - -sche (discuss) 04:08, 1 April 2011 (UTC)

First definition

 * The first definition is totally incorrect. The "homo" prefix comes not from the Latin meaning "man" but from the Greek meaning "same", as in "homogeneous". The word "homosexual" means someone (of either sex) who is attracted to someone else of the same sex.
 * The Latin word "homo" means more mankind than a male human being, and includes women. When Romans wished to specify a male, they used the word "vir" instead.
 * The term "homophobia" was coined in or around 1966 by George Weinberg, an American psychotherapist. He defined the word and its meaning, as being "antipathy towards, or hatred of, or aversion to homosexuals." Hope this helps. Ben.hastings 01:36, 1 April 2011 (UTC)

phobia
A phobia is a "psychological term for an irrational or obsessive fear of". Homophobia therefore means: "an irrational or obsessive fear of homosexuals". Anyone disagree? If not, then the definition Wiktionary is using for homophobic is incorrect: "Fear, dislike or hatred of homosexuals." The words dislike and hatred must be removed. IQ125 (talk) 12:48, 14 April 2017 (UTC)
 * It's trivial to find citations where "homophobia" means "Fear, dislike or hatred of homosexuals." That's how people use "homophobia" in real life. In my experience, nobody says "homophobia" meaning "An irrational or obsessive fear of homosexuals" unless they are trying to make a point about how everyone uses the word in the "wrong" way.
 * Feel free to try to find a few CFI-compliant citations where "homophobia" means "An irrational or obsessive fear of homosexuals." If you do find them, we could have a new sense like that, but it would have to be tagged "rare" and maybe "nonstandard". Note that the entry for the suffix -phobia has two senses: one for the irrational fear, and other for the hate, dislike, contempt. --Daniel Carrero (talk) 12:59, 14 April 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:homophobia


text:
Talk:arthrophyte

arthrophyte
Supposed to be a plant of the taxon Arthrophyta. This taxon is not in Wikispecies. My dictionary gives a totally different definition - an abnromal growth in the cavity of a joint. SemperBlotto 17:19, 18 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Arthrophyta is an obsolete descriptive name for Equisetophyta, which has been reduced to the rank of class as Equisetopsida under the Pteridophyta. It is a collective term for the plants known as horsetails and scouring rushes, as well as their fossil relatives.
 * 1987 - Harold C. Bold, C. J. Alexopoulos, & T. Delevoryas, Morphology of Plants and Fungi, 5th edition, page 514
 * Arthrophytes, like members of the Microphyllophyta, were important components of Carboniferous and Permian forests.
 * You won't find the taxon Arthrophyta on Wikispecies because that name is no longer used. --EncycloPetey 15:00, 19 December 2007 (UTC)
 * But as someone may well come across the term in a relatively modern text, it should be included, but with some sort of usage note, or an obsolete tag, wouldn't you say? - Algrif 20:39, 22 December 2007 (UTC)
 * If you're talking about arthrophyte:, then no it isn't obsolete. Just because the scientific name changes does not always mean the common term does.  The word arthrophyte: still used.  On the other hand, the problem with Arthrophyta is that it's the name applied to a scientific taxon, and not a word ever used as part of a living language.  While the taxon is obsolete, the name technically never goes away, and could be resurrected with the publication of a single paper on plant systematics.  Those usage categories generally do not apply to scientific names the way that we apply them to words in a language. --EncycloPetey 01:02, 25 December 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:arthrophyte


text:
Patagonie

Proper noun

 * 1) Patagonia

title: Patagonie


text:
vrees

Etymology 1
From, from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) fear, apprehension

Etymology 2
From, from , from , from.

Verb

 * 1) to fear, to dread, to apprehend

Etymology 1
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1)  fear, apprehension, angst

title: vrees


text:
seomra

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) room, chamber

title: seomra


text: Category:ga:Architecture

title: Category:ga:Architecture


text:
eto

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) eta

Etymology
. Related to 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1)  damned, damn, puny, insignificant

Adverb

 * 1) here

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Root

 * 1) piculet

Interjection

 * 1)  look, see, behold
 * 2) there, here
 * 3)  over there, over here
 * 1)  over there, over here
 * 1)  over there, over here

Interjection

 * 1) look, see, behold
 * 2) there, there you go

Verb

 * 1)  to be drunk

Interjection

 * : here! here it is!

Noun

 * 1) leg

Etymology
Reduced form of, from , from.

Adverb

 * 1) again
 * 2)  yet

title: eto


text:
opnieuw

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) again

title: opnieuw


text: Category:yua:Mammals

title: Category:yua:Mammals


text:
Talk:不法利润

不法利润

 * Moved from WT:RFV since this is clearly widespread and a question of idiomaticity. DAVilla 16:08, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

sum of parts: 不法 (illegal) + 利润 (profits). -- A-cai 12:33, 20 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Can it actually mean "ill-gotten gains"? If so, it wouldn't be sum-of-parts to an English speaker. -- Visviva 12:35, 20 January 2008 (UTC)

According to my understanding, "ill-gotten gains" is an idiomatic way to say "illegal profits" in English. To my mind, the key question is whether 不法利润 is idiomatic in Chinese. My subjective answer would be no. However, opinions may vary. The subjective part of this is the term 不法. One might argue that this adjective is idiomatic in the sense that 法 can mean a variety of things. However, I believe there is a phenomenon whereby an idiomatic word can become so commonplace, that it no longer truly qualifies as an idiom. I believe this to be the case here. -- A-cai 13:07, 20 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Well, ill-gotten gains are generally those gotten immorally rather than illegally. But I wouldn't have expected 不法 to have that meaning. (perhaps it does?) -- Visviva 06:28, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

As far as I can tell, 不法 is only used for illegal. -- A-cai 11:37, 21 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Delete not idiomatic or even particularly common. Kappa 00:58, 27 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:不法利润


text:
μόλυβδος

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬, from an word cognate with 🇨🇬, from  *morgʷ-iyo-, from a root,  whence also 🇨🇬. Probably not cognate with, despite superficial similarity.

Noun

 * 1) lead (the metal)
 * 2) graphite

Etymology
Borrowed from, of origin, ultimately from. See also.

Noun

 * 1)  lead

Coordinate terms

 * Appendix:Greek names for chemical elements

title: μόλυβδος


text:
cistin

Etymology
From (compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, ), a late form of, borrowed from , , , from , , from , borrowed from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) kitchen

Declension

 * Alternative declension

title: cistin


text: Template:lt-form-part

title: Template:lt-form-part


text:
kenmerken

Etymology 1
From.

Verb

 * 1) to characterize

title: kenmerken


text:
Talk:alimony

alimony
Second sense. --Connel MacKenzie 23:03, 30 January 2008 (UTC)

 * In Black's as specific to English law; no luck finding clear citations, though. -- Visviva 07:22, 2 February 2008 (UTC)

RFV discussion: May–June 2023
Rfv-sense "The means to support life." Currently 0 cites on-entry. I have never seen this usage, nor do I know what to look for in a cite. Could be obsolete?? --Geographyinitiative (talk) 18:13, 14 May 2023 (UTC)

 * Probably just a confused regurgitation of sense 1, since alimony paid to a spouse is intended for their maintenance. Equinox ◑ 00:01, 15 May 2023 (UTC)

 * Or the obsolete original meaning (see the etymology) was preserved only as fossilized in a specialized sense into a legal term. Chuck Entz (talk) 00:15, 15 May 2023 (UTC)

 * Neato, check out this -- also check these saying it's obsolete --Geographyinitiative (talk) 00:20, 15 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Cited with a revised definition. OED glosses this sense as "Spiritual or emotional sustenance", which seems to miss that it occasionally does refer to literal food, if I am not mistaken. This, that and the other (talk) 03:35, 15 May 2023 (UTC)

RFV-passed This, that and the other (talk) 06:29, 29 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:alimony


text: sapnuojančio

title: sapnuojančio


text: Category:Lithuanian dalyvis participle forms


text: Category:Lithuanian participle forms

title: Category:Lithuanian participle forms


text: sapnuojančiam

title: sapnuojančiam


text: sapnuojantį

title: sapnuojantį


text: sapnuojančiame

title: sapnuojančiame


text:
Speedos

Etymology 1
From the name of the swimwear company, Speedo.

Noun

 * 1)  A tight-fitting brief or bikini style swimsuit.
 * She called down from upstairs, "He'll be out in a minute: he's just putting his Speedos on."

Usage notes
In US English a Speedo is used for the singular. In Australian English, Speedos is used for both the singular and the plural.

Noun

 * She always had two spare Speedos for her swimming competitions away from home.
 * She always had two spare Speedos for her swimming competitions away from home.

title: Speedos


text: sapnuojančiu

title: sapnuojančiu


text:
charakterisieren

Etymology
From, borrowed from , from.

Verb

 * 1)  to characterize

title: charakterisieren


text: sapnuojanti

title: sapnuojanti


text: sapnuojančių

title: sapnuojančių


text:
leaba

Etymology
From, from +.

Noun

 * 1) bed

Declension

 * Archaic inflection as a fifth-declension noun

title: leaba


text:
adäquat

Adjective

 * 1) adequate

title: adäquat


text:
Speedo

Etymology
From the name of the swimsuit company,, which first designed and manufactured swimwear in Australia that was briefer and sleeker than most other swimwear then available.

Noun

 * 1)  A tight-fitting swimsuit, especially commonly worn by competitive swimmers and divers. Usually implies a brief or bikini style swimsuit.
 * I could tell that she was a serious swimmer, because every time I saw her at the pool she was wearing a Speedo of one design or another.
 * 1)   A male swimsuit, very tight fitting and small, brief-style, and not a thong-type.
 * She called down from upstairs, "He'll be out in a minute: he's just putting his Speedo on."
 * 1)   A male swimsuit, very tight fitting and small, brief-style, and not a thong-type.
 * She called down from upstairs, "He'll be out in a minute: he's just putting his Speedo on."
 * 1)   A male swimsuit, very tight fitting and small, brief-style, and not a thong-type.
 * She called down from upstairs, "He'll be out in a minute: he's just putting his Speedo on."

Usage notes
In US English a Speedo is used for the singular. In Australian English, Speedos is used for both the singular and the plural.

Synonyms

 * See Thesaurus:swim briefs

title: Speedo


text: Category:ga:Furniture

title: Category:ga:Furniture


text: gekenmerkt

title: gekenmerkt


text:
inadäquat

Adjective

 * 1) inadequate

title: inadäquat


text:
páirc

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) field, park
 * 2) large shoal
 * 1) large shoal

title: páirc


text:
Template:cs-conj-č-íst

Conjugation table

title: Template:cs-conj-č-íst


text: Template:cs-conj-p-éct

title: Template:cs-conj-p-éct


text: Template:cs-conj-um-řít

title: Template:cs-conj-um-řít


text: Template:cs-conj-b-rát

title: Template:cs-conj-b-rát


text: Template:cs-conj-ma-zat

title: Template:cs-conj-ma-zat


text:
Template:cs-conj-tisk-nout2

Conjugation table

title: Template:cs-conj-tisk-nout2


title: Template:cs-conj-mi-nout2


title: Template:cs-conj-za-čít2


text: Template:cs-conj-kr-ýt

title: Template:cs-conj-kr-ýt


text: Template:cs-conj-kup-ovat

title: Template:cs-conj-kup-ovat


text: sapnuojančios

title: sapnuojančios


title: Template:cs-conj-pros-it2


text: Template:cs-conj-čist-it

title: Template:cs-conj-čist-it


text:
kortweg

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) briefly

title: kortweg


text: Template:cs-conj-trp-ět

title: Template:cs-conj-trp-ět


text:
clós

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , from , perfect passive participle of.

Noun

 * 1) close, enclosure; yard
 * 2)  close, court

Declension

 * Alternative plural:

title: clós


title: Template:cs-conj-sáz-et2


title: Template:cs-conj-děl-at2


text: sapnuoją

title: sapnuoją


text: sapnuojantys

title: sapnuojantys


text:
gairdín

Etymology
Borrowed from, with ending Hibernicised into Irish.

Noun

 * 1) garden

title: gairdín


text: sapnuojantiems

title: sapnuojantiems


text: sapnuojančius

title: sapnuojančius


text: sapnuojančiais

title: sapnuojančiais


text: sapnuojančiuose

title: sapnuojančiuose


text: Category:Lithuanian dalyvis participles

title: Category:Lithuanian dalyvis participles


text: Category:Lithuanian pusdalyvis participles


text: Category:Lithuanian padalyvis participles


text: Category:Lithuanian būdinys participles

title: Category:Lithuanian būdinys participles


text:
Talk:americanismus

americanismus
This strikes me as unlikely, and possible anachronistic. Dmcdevit·t 08:33, 14 January 2008 (UTC)

 * It's apparently a word in Czech and, with a capital A, in German. It could exist in Latin too - there's some institution in Vatican City that creates new words in Latin for modern concepts like airplane or DVD-player, so no reason why it should be anachronistic. There's a talk page at Latin Wikipedia where the word is used, but again with a capital A. See http://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disputatio:Ion Paul Willocx 10:14, 14 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I think the capitalization comes from cross-contamination from English Americanism. I don’t believe that Latin orthographical rules call for capitalization of any -ismus words. French, Portuguese and Spanish américanisme/americanismo, for example, are not capitalized. —Stephen 18:39, 14 January 2008 (UTC)

 * In German its Amerikanismus though. Mutante 18:36, 14 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes, the German is, but that’s because it’s a noun. German capitalizes all nouns. —Stephen 18:39, 14 January 2008 (UTC)

Please keep in mind that Latin is still used today (though not as much as 100 years ago). I have no good resources for Latin after about 1650, and have few for Latin of the medieval and Renaissance periods, but Latin continued to acquire new vocabulary through those periods and beyond. --EncycloPetey 03:39, 17 January 2008 (UTC)
 * But to pass RFV, we have to show that the word is used in Latin, not merely that it's a possible Latin word. As for Czech, I strongly doubt this is the spelling that would be used. It would almost certainly have a "k" in place of the "c", and possibly an acute accent on the second "a". Angr 18:46, 17 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Apparently it was used in a Church encyclical named "Testem Benevolentiae Nostrae", but only the English translation is available online. —Stephen 12:21, 18 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:americanismus


text: future tenses

title: future tenses


text:
siopa

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) shop, store
 * 2)  ready-made, boughten, bought and sold in shops
 * 1)  ready-made, boughten, bought and sold in shops

Etymology
From.

Pronoun

 * 1) who
 * 2) whose
 * 1) whose

Etymology
Denominal verb from, from.

Verb

 * 1) to shop

title: siopa


text: eponimi

title: eponimi


text:
participi

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) participle

title: participi


text:
Talk:tucker fucker

tucker fucker
Ocker: for cook. Plausible, yes; real ? DCDuring 20:27, 18 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I've found 1 real g.b.c. cite. Length, rhyming, vulgarity make me think this is mostly unwritten. DCDuring 11:56, 19 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Commonly said in rough company, but not likely to be written. Books lists two printed slang dictionaries with the term.--Dmol 18:42, 21 February 2008 (UTC)
 * It would be OK with me with right contexts, but I wouldn't cry were it gone. DCDuring TALK 21:01, 21 February 2008 (UTC)
 * There are quite a few false positive results on Google Groups, so I've sorted through the Google Groups and come up with the following true positives (some better than others, though).      . I'm afraid I haven't the time now to format them into citation style.—msh210 ℠ 21:14, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

Links 1, 4 above are promising. DCDuring TALK 22:53, 13 April 2008 (UTC)

Should this be glossed vulgar?
Fucker is certainly vulgar in British English and wouldn't be used in front of boss, grandmother, etc. But I always hear about how cunt is just everyday harmless Aussie slang. Equinox ◑ 17:59, 18 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:tucker fucker


text: piallando

title: piallando


text:
Talk:Kuil

Kuil
This is supposed to be a Dutch surname but this Dutch speaker has never met anybody with this rather undesirable name. 75.178.190.190 03:12, 27 January 2008 (UTC) nl:Gebruiker:Jcwf
 * Actually yes it does exist, but usually as van der Kuil
 * It's listed in Huizinga's Encyclopedie van Namen as a Dutch surname. --EncycloPetey 03:18, 27 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kuil


text: piallante

title: piallante


text: piallato

title: piallato


text: piallati

title: piallati


text: piallata

title: piallata


text: piallo

title: piallo


text:
pialli

Etymology
Cognate to 🇨🇬

Interjection

 * 1) hello (greeting).

title: pialli


text: pialliamo

title: pialliamo


text: piallate

title: piallate


text: piallano

title: piallano


text: piallavo

title: piallavo


text: piallavi

title: piallavi


text: piallava

title: piallava


text: piallavamo

title: piallavamo


text: Template:lt-dalyvis

title: Template:lt-dalyvis


text: piallavate

title: piallavate


text: piallavano

title: piallavano


text: piallai

title: piallai


text: piallasti

title: piallasti


text: piallò

title: piallò


text: piallammo

title: piallammo


text: piallaste

title: piallaste


text: piallarono

title: piallarono


text: piallerò

title: piallerò


text: piallerai

title: piallerai


text: piallerà

title: piallerà


text: pialleremo

title: pialleremo


text: piallerete

title: piallerete


text: pialleranno

title: pialleranno


text: piallerei

title: piallerei


text: pialleresti

title: pialleresti


text: piallerebbe

title: piallerebbe


text: pialleremmo

title: pialleremmo


text: piallereste

title: piallereste


text: piallerebbero

title: piallerebbero


text: pialliate

title: pialliate


text: piallino

title: piallino


text: piallassi

title: piallassi


text: piallasse

title: piallasse


text: piallassimo

title: piallassimo


text: piallassero

title: piallassero


text: sapnavęs

title: sapnavęs


text: sapnuodavęs

title: sapnuodavęs


text: sapnuojamas

title: sapnuojamas


text: sapnuosiąs

title: sapnuosiąs


text: sapnuosiantis

title: sapnuosiantis


text: sapnuotinas

title: sapnuotinas


text:
naderhand

Etymology
.

Adverb

 * 1) afterwards

title: naderhand


text:
Talk:scuddick

scuddick
Template:nosecondary. --Connel MacKenzie 06:51, 6 January 2008 (UTC)

 * This is certainly more popular in secondary sources than in primary, but some primary sources do exist on b.g.c.:
 * http://books.google.com/books?id=d8gGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA496&dq=scuddick
 * http://books.google.com/books?id=6rMBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA175&dq=scuddick
 * http://books.google.com/books?id=r3UCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA242&dq=scuddick
 * http://books.google.com/books?id=LWqjWdOAOjEC&pg=RA1-PA245&dq=scuddick
 * http://books.google.com/books?id=Nu8DAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA2-PA315&dq=scuddick
 * http://books.google.com/books?id=8mQGHsfLeAsC&q=scuddick
 * http://books.google.com/books?id=sFpAAAAAIAAJ&q=scuddick
 * —Ruakh TALK 14:21, 6 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:scuddick


text:
Talk:decaplet

decaplet
Google has mention, but any useage? (decuplet would be OK - different meaning) SemperBlotto 22:26, 29 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Found three OK-looking cites (all for the plural though). Most occurrences actually seem to be variant/erroneous spellings of decuplet. -- Visviva 09:14, 30 January 2008 (UTC)
 * It is fairly rare to see any of those as singulars anyway, except as attributive (even triplet, which is more common, is fairly rare as a singular in that sense, it seems to have more specialized senses in electronics, though, which skew the results when searching for "a triplet"). Circeus 05:11, 31 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:decaplet


text: sapnuotas

title: sapnuotas


text: Category:Dutch phrases

title: Category:Dutch phrases


text: Category:ga:Calendar

title: Category:ga:Calendar


text: sapnuosimas

title: sapnuosimas


text: Category:ga:Seasons

title: Category:ga:Seasons


text:
daling

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) decline, fall
 * 2) descent
 * 3)  a group of letters which are unstressed

title: daling


text:
Talk:plime

plime
Entered in anecdote form as a newbie's first edit. Google shows some uses of the word, a website by that name, and an Urban Dictionary entry, but none of them in the first three pages confirm this meaning. PierreAbbat 02:10, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Eye dialect for "plain"? DCDuring 10:35, 22 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Appears in DARE, also in a Caribbean (?) creole. Many different possible senses, including the entry's. DCDuring 10:45, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:plime


text:
twatted

Adjective

 * 1)  Extremely drunk, intoxicated
 * 2)  Having a particular sort of vagina or vulva.
 * 3)  Extremely or profoundly injured, usually as a result of deliberate action by another party.
 * 1)  Extremely or profoundly injured, usually as a result of deliberate action by another party.

Synonyms

 * See Thesaurus:drunk

title: twatted


text:
Talk:nonology

nonology
Nonology is one of several nonce words created by analogy with trilogy (along with duology, heptalogy and other  [Greek number prefix] +logy constructions). One problem with this word is that it doesn't exist, (Google Books Search brings up a handful of examples of such a word but none of them obviously means "a book in nine parts"). A much more serious problem is that it is erroneously formed and couldn't possibly exist. "Nono-" is not a Greek suffix. That would be "ennea-". I think "nono-" is supposed to be from Latin nonus, "ninth" but even this suffix is pure invention.--86.26.252.142 20:14, 4 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Compare quadrilogy, which was invented by the makers of the Alien films, who, if they had bothered to check, would have discovered that the perfectly adequate and correctly formed tetralogy already exists. (Interestingly, the Wikipedia article for "tetralogy" mentions that the even more abominable [my opinion, not Wikipedia's] "quadtology" has been used in an attempt to create a successor to "trilogy".) As "quadrilogy" has come about as part of popular culture, we're probably stuck with it now. Combining Greek and Latin affixes in this way is by no means new, and probably should not be considered incorrect (and perhaps should just be deprecated where Greek can just as well be combined with Greek, or Latin with Latin) - the best-known example is "television" (prefix of Greek origin, ending of Latin origin). (Interestingly, the Modern Greek word for television is formed from the Greek equivalent of "tele-" and the Greek word for "vision"; if we had done the same in English, we might be watching a "teleorase" [which would probably pronounced "tel-ee-O-rass-ee"]).

 * "Nonology" is incorrectly formed by that criterion (and all the more so because the correct prefix is "nona-", as in "nonagon", and the correct suffix is "-logy", not "-ology", so, if anything, it should be "nonalogy" - after all, we don't say "triology") but if valid citations can be found for it, then it must stay. English is littered with incorrect formations, but they are part of the language. — Paul G 08:37, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree with what you've said; certainly I wasn't proposing the removal of words on the grounds of etymological impurity. My point really was that the fact that the word is so very poorly constructed makes it very unlikely that any citations could exist. Although "nonology" yields a small number of results from Google, they seem to be separate coinings that do not have the same meaning as our "nonology". I'd be interested to know where the a in non-a-gon came from actually. My suspicion is that it may not be a part of the suffix but an aid to pronunciation. After all, "hexagon" exists but "hexa-" isn't a prefix. Perhaps we should be looking for "nonilogy" with an -i- theme vowel that is common to quadr-i-lateral--86.26.252.142 16:53, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:nonology


text:
twatfaced

Adjective

 * 1)  fucked, pissed, drunk as a skunk

Synonyms

 * See Thesaurus:drunk

title: twatfaced


text:
Citations:sautscheckerei

 * 2004 October 11, "Tyl Ulenspiegel" (username), "Who is a composer?", in, Usenet:
 * Not really. The HvB notation is so ambiguous that you can turn it into anything. It is basically a sautscheckerei sanctioned by the musicological community, for political reasons.
 * 2005 August 8, "Roman Turovsky" (username), "Chacun son goût?", in, Usenet:
 * This is the mother of all sautscheckerei, and there is a fascinating story behind it.

title: Citations:sautscheckerei


text:
bhí

Verb

 * 1) ; "was"

title: bhí


text:
salamoida

Verb

 * 1)  to lighten, flash
 * 2)  to blaze, flash (fire)
 * 1)  to blaze, flash (fire)

title: salamoida


text:
Talk:gonnegtion

gonnegtion
Slang used in a single book? SemperBlotto 09:32, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Fitzgerald ain't Shakespeare, but Gatsby's a well-known work. I cleaned up the entry and got the original quote. I think the anti-Semitism (or whatever it is) speaks for itself without comment being required. DCDuring 17:56, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Is it a nonce? RJFJR 18:32, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

 * There are a couple of independent cites and a goodly amount of critical discussion of the term. DCDuring 19:58, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

RFV discussion: December 2019–April 2020
Nonce word only in Gatsby; see Talk:gonnegtion. Equinox ◑ 10:30, 14 December 2019 (UTC)

 * Delete. The conclusion of a prior RfV that usage is widespread is bogus; there is no lack of mentions, but just one use – to imitate a mobster’s accent. The criterion of the term occurring in “a well-known work” has since been retracted. If we allow including nonce spelling pronunciations we also need to allow |ozer|vill|zan|zat|vot|vateffer&hl=en ozer, vateffer and vonce. --Lambiam 18:55, 14 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Keep. This is an RFV matter. Old Man Consequences (talk) 23:34, 25 December 2019 (UTC)

 * Move to RFV, where quotations supporting WT:ATTEST as currently written can be sought. Talk:gonnegtion has a RFV closed in 2008, where the "well-known work" card was pulled, and as Lambiam says, '“a well-known work” has since been retracted'. --Dan Polansky (talk) 13:44, 14 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Moved from RFD. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 22:53, 21 March 2020 (UTC)
 * I support deleting this. A dialect or speech impediment doesn't make it a word. Only if this becomes ironically used, in either the original or some other sense, by people who otherwise speak normally would it be a word in its own right. e.g. we dont list every child's mispronunciation of every word in the language, but we do list pasghetti, which seems to have caught on with adults.  — Soap — 21:05, 23 March 2020 (UTC)
 * In principle RfV does not care about votes. Three cites that support the challenged definition are sufficient to pass the RfV. It is possible that contributors may disagree that the cites meet WT:ATTEST or unambiguously support the definition, but that usually just leads to a search for better attestation. There is nothing that would keep us from having entries for the pronunciation spellings that Lambiam refers to if they should prove attestable. DCDuring (talk) 22:47, 23 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Okay thanks, I wasnt really sure because this is my first post on this page (until now Ive only gone to the non-English one) and I saw votes up above. But I know that this was on RFD before it was RFV so I sort of hedged it by wording it differently.  Still ... if we need three citations I don't think it's going to make it. — Soap — 23:09, 23 March 2020 (UTC)

RFV-passed, there are two cites other than Gatsby on the citations page. This passed. Kiwima (talk) 23:05, 22 April 2020 (UTC)

Is there a pattern?
Is this related to the gommunism meme? it seems to voice all stops ... well, maybe just some .... "chegmate gapitalists" etc. — Soap — 17:43, 8 July 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:gonnegtion


text:
救應

Verb

 * 1) to provide reinforcements; to aid and support

title: 救應


text: 救应

title: 救应


text: Citations:gonnegtion

title: Citations:gonnegtion


text:
Talk:legislative

Second (redundant) sense. --Connel MacKenzie 16:44, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

 * They don't seem distinct to me, but it's the second that's more general. I would merge them. DAVilla 04:32, 5 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I think I would merge them as well. --EncycloPetey 15:54, 6 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Although essentially the same, the possibly artificial distinction made here may be helpful to ESL readers. Examples added (which would each apply to a merged definition). 87.114.156.2 16:05, 17 October 2007 (UTC)
 * No reason to not keep the addition example sentences, but it is wrong to call them separate senses. Merging defs, keeping examples.  --Connel MacKenzie 04:12, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:legislative


text: Template:lt-dalyvis-necessity

title: Template:lt-dalyvis-necessity


text:
Talk:colly

colly
alt. spelling of collie (dog). Mentions, yes. Usage ??? DCDuring TALK 17:00, 25 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Well cited as dated spelling. DCDuring TALK 04:07, 26 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:colly


text: Category:Ukrainian particles

title: Category:Ukrainian particles


text: Category:Ukrainian interjections

title: Category:Ukrainian interjections


text:
Talk:defututus

defututus
Seems dubious - would Caligula have said this or something? --Connel MacKenzie 03:38, 24 January 2008 (UTC)
 * It's in Lewis & Short's dictionary, cited from the works of Catullus. --EncycloPetey 05:13, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:defututus


text:
raibh

Etymology
From.

title: raibh


text: bhíomar

title: bhíomar


text:
Talk:polyspaston

polyspaston
Not in any Latin dictionary I have access to. SemperBlotto 07:57, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Appears in the works of Vitruvius (De architectura), and in some early modern texts such as this one . Not confident enough in my fragmentary Latin to verify the sense. -- Visviva 09:24, 24 January 2008 (UTC)
 * OK. It is nicely formatted - perhaps the contributor could concentrate on the very many ordinary Latin words that we are missing (not that we can tell people what they should do!). SemperBlotto 09:31, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Well, we all come here for different reasons. Myself, I spent a great deal of time creating entries for things like the Korean name for the red-crested pochard before deciding that I should probably make sure we had an entry for "red" first. :-)  -- Visviva 06:15, 25 January 2008 (UTC)

 * It also appears in Lewis & Short's Dictionary, with approximately the same definition. --EncycloPetey 05:59, 26 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:polyspaston


text: rabhamar

title: rabhamar


text:
déanamh

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) build physique, figure shape of human body
 * 2) make brand
 * 3) manufacture
 * 4)  deal
 * 1)  deal

Declension

 * Verbal noun

 * Substantive

title: déanamh


text:
Talk:-i-

 * I'm sure it won't surprise you to hear that I think we should keep this in some form or another, provided convincing examples can be found of words so formed. —Ruakh TALK 05:04, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I do know that you and your buddy think it should be kept; but as for everyone else, I doubt it. It is a letter added to help form compound words (at least, that's the trivial excuse used for creating the ridiculous entry.)  Obviously, it isn't used as an "infix" wherever one pleases, with special meaning (as "infix" seem to mean in other languages.)  Rather, someone mistakenly entered "-i-" in an etymology, instead of "i."  Error upon error upon error...brilliant.  --Connel MacKenzie 08:51, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I don’t know how "ridiculous" it is. Both the Random House and the American Heritage have entries for -i-, saying that it’s a connector typically used to make Latin-based compounds, as -o- is used for Greek compounds. I don’t see the errors either. It just needs to have the definition improved a little. —Stephen 10:37, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

 * The Concise Oxford English Dictionary [Eleventh Edition] also lists both -i- and -o-. † Raifʻhār Doremítzwr 11:04, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Question: What are some examples of this in use?  It's not hard to come up with neologisms made from -o- interfixation, like blogosphere and kissogram; but I can't think of a single one made from -i- intefixation. -- Visviva 10:26, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

 * For example, French-i-fy, cune-i-form. —Stephen 10:31, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

 * But that's as bogus as sense #2 under "-o-." Frenchify is French + -ify; I'm less sure about cuneiform, but it would be more parsimonious to treat it as cune- + -iform (cf. cuneate, cuneonavicular; coliform, fungiform).  This thematic vowel may have functioned as an interfix in Latin, but it does not appear to do so in English.  (That said, if a comparable scholarly consensus can be shown to exist here as in the case of -o-, I will happily abide by the judgment of the learned).  -- Visviva 16:27, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Perhaps, but -ify and -iform are formed from -i- + -fy and -i- + -form, respectively (granted, with lots and lots of reïnforcement from existing words which end in -ify and -iform). †  :Raifʻhār :Doremítzwr 18:34, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure about that. According to our entry for -ify, it's from the French (perh Old French?) -ifier ... which, it appears, derives in turn from the Latin -ificare.  Similarly -iform is -- if I'm not mistaken -- from the NL -iformus (a, um).  Of course, we can tie ourselves in knots trying to decide at what point such borrowed constructions cease to represent English word-formation rules; but the thing is, while -o- and perhaps -a- can be documented as in productive use for neologisms, I can't think of any case were -i- is used in this way.  Thus claiming -i- as an English interfix seems problematic. -- Visviva 01:46, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Hmm. I’d like that etymology to be referenced, if it is correct. The COED [11th Ed.] gives the etymology for -form as:
 * from French -forme, from Latin -formis , from -forma ‘form’.
 * Also worth noting is that it gives as the headword:
 * -form  (usually as -iform)
 * For me, it’s very clear that -i- is an interfix. In the same way that hypernym and genealogy show the existence of -o-, words like coryneform show the existence of -i-. † ﴾(u):Raifʻhār (t):Doremítzwr﴿ 10:43, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, I made a bit of a mistake there. I lost my functional Latin skills a couple thousand years ago (eternal life is such a drag).  The suffix was of course -iformis, the counterpart to -formis for cases where the root lacked a suitable final vowel.  I don't have access to an OED over here, but -iformis is credited in MW and others as the root of the English -iform (via Middle French).  So it seems from here that -iform and -ify are not cases of English interfixation, but are simply pre-interfixed forms brought over from Latin.  I'm not sure about your examples -- "hypernym" is certainly a revealing error, but -logy in genealogy is a legitimate suffix, as is -form in coryneform. -- Visviva 11:47, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Both -i- and -o- are interconsonantal interfixes — which is why they do not occur in coryneform and genealogy ; hypernym was misformed under the assumption that the various -onyms were formed thus: “[prefix] + -o- + -nym”, whereas the -o- in -onym is not an interfix, but rather a part of the suffix. † ﴾(u):Raifʻhār (t):Doremítzwr﴿ 11:57, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Right... I thought you meant that "coryneform" and "genealogy" were misformations like "hypernym." (FTR, our genealogy entry indicates the word traces back to classical Greek, so it should come as no surprise that it is properly formed.)  Can you show a case similar to "hypernym", where an "i" has been inappropriately dropped because it was mistaken for an interfix?  -- Visviva 12:09, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure that hypernym is evidence of -o-; rather, I'd guess that it's evidence of hypo-. —Ruakh TALK 21:29, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

kept and heading linked, no consensus but precedent from -o- above. Conrad.Irwin 22:42, 13 April 2008 (UTC)

Alternative form of -y (when followed by another suffix)
The meaning shown in -y, namely alternative form of -y (when followed by another suffix), does not appear here --Backinstadiums (talk) 11:34, 11 August 2019 (UTC)

-ious
In words such as uproarious, fortitudinous, which show -ious, what is the correct analysis? --Backinstadiums (talk) 12:32, 8 January 2020 (UTC)

barrister
barrister: [15th century. < bar, probably after words such as minister, chorister] --Backinstadiums (talk) 18:34, 24 September 2020 (UTC)

RFD discussion: December 2020–December 2021

Tagged by DCDuring on 21 December, not listed. J3133 (talk) 17:47, 23 December 2020 (UTC)
 * The prefix with this orthography is tagged, not the interfix. Maybe all that has to change is the PoS header and the headword line. It is supposed to have a different etymology that the interfix immediately above it. DCDuring (talk) 20:31, 23 December 2020 (UTC)
 * I think you mean suffix, not prefix? Seems similar to -k-. To me, these kinds of spelling rules do not seem like material for dictionary entries. Delete. Mihia (talk) 18:44, 24 December 2020 (UTC)

 * Strangely, there is a lemming, although not for the sense intended here. DonnanZ (talk) 11:51, 28 December 2020 (UTC)

 * Delete or add to appendix. As Mihia says, it's about a spelling rule and highly unlikely to be looked up here by other than someone with an advanced knowledge of English. Facts707 (talk) 22:53, 13 May 2021 (UTC)

 * Delete. It's not an "alternative form of -y". Equinox ◑ 05:04, 20 November 2021 (UTC)

 * Deleted, consistently with Talk:-k-. The fact that there are multiple examples of this phenomenon of "certain letters change in certain predictable contexts" does make me think about putting this in some appendix (WT:AEN? an appendix about regular spelling changes, that could also document e.g. that most -ise verbs can be -ize in other varieties of English and vice versa?) one day. - -sche (discuss) 20:32, 5 December 2021 (UTC)

Old Irish
I don't like calling this simulfix "-i-" since (1) it doesn't surface as and (2) it appears at the end of a word, like a suffix, not within a morpheme or between morphemes. What do you think about moving it to -ʲ? —Mahāgaja · talk 08:49, 19 March 2024 (UTC)

 * I oppose moving, since -i- is how the affix is actually spelled, odd as it is. — Ceso femmuin mbolgaig mbung, mellohi! (投稿) 16:11, 19 March 2024 (UTC)
 * I know, but still, it's misleading, especially since the examples provided actually show two cases of u → ai and one case of e → ai (meaning depalatalization of the preceding consonant). At the very least, I'm adding a pronunciation section to make it clear that this is not a segment affix. —Mahāgaja · talk 16:19, 19 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:-i-


text:
Talk:concordance

concordance
Sense 5, "a topical index or orderly analysis of the contents of a book." Never heard of a topical concordance; if this sense exists, it must be used somewhere outside the usual fields of linguistics and exegesis. Anyone? -- Visviva 04:53, 3 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Isn't sense 5 just another formulation of sense 3, (or perhaps just a detailed index or table of contents)? I've never heard the word used in this sense. Dbfirs 09:12, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Sense 5 seems to say that concepts are arranged by topic rather than alphabetically. -- Visviva 13:39, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Or perhaps that you apply it to the surface? :-) —Ruakh TALK 17:33, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

 * A table of contents is often arranged by topic, but I have never heard it called a concordance. Has anyone else?  ( - and it tends to be inside the front cover, not topical!)  Dbfirs 21:17, 5 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Actually, in many continental European countries, the table of contents is placed at the back of the book. It's not always called "Contents" but I can't remember whether I've ever seen it called a "Concordance".  I don't think so, but I'm not sure. --EncycloPetey 23:22, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

Concordia
I am not entirely sure if it is actually from the name of the goddess Concordia, but if so it means harmony literally "with (one) heart". Mallerd 23:53, 12 September 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:concordance


text:
User:Cheese master

Hello everyone and welcome to my user page! Feel free to contact me on my talk! Cheese master

title: User:Cheese master


text:
User talk:Cheese master

Feel free to contact me! Cheese master

title: User talk:Cheese master


text:
dirty mouth

Noun

 * 1)  The characteristic of regularly using vulgar language or profanity.
 * The comedian lost his gig at the nightclub because he had such a dirty mouth.

Synonyms

 * potty mouth

title: dirty mouth


text: Template:lt-dalyvis-past-active

title: Template:lt-dalyvis-past-active


text:
verkondiging

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) announcement, proclamation

title: verkondiging


text:
Talk:head

Fastener end
It is not exactly either the blunt end or the wide end. A bolt has two blunt ends, but only one head. There are types of mechanical fastener that do not have a wide end. (Finishing nails actually do have an end wider that the body of the shaft). There are screw-type fasteners that rely entirely on the friction of the thread for the fastening and have neither a sharp nor a wider end. Feel free to suggest wording on this page if you have a thought but aren't sure. DCDuring TALK 23:22, 13 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Well, there are two things that all of these heads have in common: they are the end opposite the point, and they are hindmost when the fastener is being inserted. -- Visviva 04:46, 14 April 2008 (UTC)

 * A bolt or a machine screw doesn't have a point. The defs. I come up with are too wordy. Longman's DCE uses one sense to cover both tools and fasteners and just says the head is a part different from the body of tool or fastener. The head is also almost always the most visible and accessible part once installed. It is only the topmost part if oriented that way, ie, in a headup manner. MW3 refers to a part of something that projects. DCDuring TALK 11:06, 14 April 2008 (UTC)

 * We could say "opposite the point or tip," dodging the fact that the "tip of a nail" usually refers to the head... But if we must be absolutely correct, there is probably no avoiding wordiness. As far as I'm aware, all pin-type fasteners are driven head-last; perhaps we could say something like "the end of a fastener (...) which is the last to enter the material into which the fastener is driven."  -- Visviva 11:47, 14 April 2008 (UTC)

Grouping
A take on definition groups. The sub levels reflect my take of derivation steps. Possibly useful is the group of "differentiated parts" because they seem to be multiply distinguished, but by different sets of features relative to the rest of what they are part of.
 * 1) body part: above the neck
 * 2) above the eyebrows;
 * 3) brain
 * 4) mind
 * 5) will
 * 6) aptitude; composure
 * 7) part of something where a head lays or rests.
 * 8) measure
 * 9) person or cattle (counting)
 * 10) leader
 * 11) differentiated part (broader, more visible, top, front)
 * 12) important, priveleged place (table, queue)
 * 13) top, front (but face is true front)
 * 14) page
 * 15) heading
 * 16) topic
 * 17) visible or projecting part: land, fastener
 * 18) part opposite a tail
 * 19) focal point of productive activity of a tool, business end: print head, read/write head, hammer
 * 20) froth (a beer without a head still has an upmost, but not one distinguished from the body)
 * 21) Distinguishing/defining part: grammar/linguistic sense
 * 22) dense, leafy cluster (resembling a head?) or seed-bearing part of plant
 * 23) bursting point
 * 24) pressure differential
 * 25) crisis DCDuring TALK 11:06, 14 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Seems plausible, though if we're talking about actually using these in the entry, I'm wary of a system with more than 2 (or at most 3) levels. I'm also bothered by the fact that your #2 is really two senses, which though closely linked do not spring from any actual core sense -- that is, apart from the rather distinct cases of humans and livestock, to my knowledge "head" is never used as a counter... Of course, that kind of situation plagues any subsense approach.  Also, I'm somewhat bothered by the relationship among the pressure/crisis senses, but your arrangement seems as plausible as any. -- Visviva 11:41, 14 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes. I'm not sure what I think about an actual entry. I doubt if any dictionary exceeds three levels. On conclusion I came to is that the evolution of meaning for a highly polysemic word like this is not so simple. There seems to be much interaction among the senses ("influenced by" as our etymologies sometimes put it). A strict hierarchy couldn't really always be an accurate map of the relationships, though it could improve the presentation. I don't know what a good overall set of principles for guiding these definitions would be, but it would be nice if there were some, especially if they could be agreed upon or applied without the need for agreement. DCDuring TALK 19:04, 14 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Strike that bit about #2 ... "head" is sometimes used as a proxy for "person," as in "gray heads meeting in council" etc.; that might pass for the superordinate sense. -- Visviva 11:51, 14 April 2008 (UTC)

 * "Head," as in head of cattle, is declared "uncountable" in the entry. This is incorrect.  Saying "200 head of cattle" refers to countable objects.  What is different in this sense is that the singular and plural forms are the same:  "head" 73.35.98.113 20:33, 3 November 2014 (UTC)

 * Head = person or herd animal as long as head is still attached!? "Counting heads" is another common usage in that sense. Some meanings seem to survive only in particularly narrow applications.

Another question that's been bothering me is how to treat the meanings that seem to have survived only in the combining form -head. Take bulkhead. Please. It might connect (or be ancestral to) the pressure meanings. Imagine a partition in a ship's hold designed to keep the cargo (bulk has that archaic meaning, surviving in break-bulk) from shifting while also enhancing the structure of the ship. MW3 shows a different ety as their leading possibility. If not that, from what meaning of head does it derive? I have searched out as many single-word entries ending in head as I could and inserted etymologies with to provide links to -head. You can take a look via "what links here" at -head.

RFD discussion
"Front of a queue" sense. Isn't this just the "foremost part" sense? Does anyone ever say "you can go to the head" when they mean "you can go to the head of the line"? -- Visviva 07:38, 8 April 2008 (UTC)

 * "At the head of the queue" and "go to the head of the queue" are the most common formulations, "come to the head of the queue" is rarer. When the context is firmly established as being the position in a queue, you could say "You can go to the head" or "I'm at the head", but in both cases I would use either the word "front" instead of "head" or include the word "queue". In other words, delete sense. Thryduulf 11:01, 8 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Can we look at some of the other senses, too, and the rfc, while we're at it? These multi-sense words are killers. Grouping can help a bit. Some of the entries with contexts are closely associated with a more generic sense, more figurative with more concrete (e.g. pus/crisis).
 * 2nd sense "any round object". A ball or sphere is not automatically a head.
 * The sense for hammer/axe head is worded to include striking tools so the business end of a lacrosse stick needs to mentioned separately and other non-striking tools and other implements that have parts called heads that are not included.
 * It doesn't seem to have a good sense for head of lettuce, cauliflower, etc.
 * The sense for nail doesn't seem to include screw.
 * Anyone who is willing to take this on should go to the head of the class. DCDuring TALK 01:29, 9 April 2008 (UTC)

 * 1. No, but many round masses are called heads. I have replaced "any" with "a"; is that sufficient?
 * 2. I'm not really familiar with lacrosse terminology, but my understanding is that the rationale for this is similar to the rationale for the guitar sense; it refers to not to the business/top/working end of the stick, but to a very specific part of the stick. As for other tools, I'm sure it's true, but examples would be helpful.  Some, like "head of a rake," might be covered by the principal-operating-part sense; or the striking-tool sense might need to be reworded to encompass all hand tools.
 * 3. I guess it depends on whether a seed/flower head and a lettuce head are basically the same thing. My first inclination when reorganizing the defs was actually to put the lettuce example under sense 2; i.e. a head-shaped lump of lettuce, not a capitulum of lettuce -- but other dictionaries seem to disagree.
 * 4. Huh? Why not?  The definition mentions screws, and people talk about the heads of screws all the time.
 * 6. I'd be surprised if the pustulent-abscess and crisis senses have any connection; it seems more likely that it is derived from the tendency for the head of the abscess to become round and swollen with pus. -- Visviva 08:34, 9 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I'm so sorry. I hadn't looked at the edit history. Wow! This is so much improved that I feel like I'm just quibbling, but quibble we must:
 * I'm not so sure that a round mass not connected to something to make a non-round whole would be said to have a head. The comet usage example is an illustration. Maybe it just has to say "part" in the def.
 * Too bad "business end" is too idiomatic for defining vocabulary. It seems almost a synonym for some of the senses of head.
 * The ball-carrying part of a lacrosse stick is the business end. The stick is used (within the rules) for carrying the ball and for holding it while throwing it.
 * Not just hand tools, but power tools, including industrial ones, also often have heads.
 * MW3 has 11 subsenses for the sense closest to this (75+ subsenses for "head" as a whole).
 * I had never known the word capitulum; MW3 uses it as a subsense for an undefined sense, the other half of which is the head-of-lettuce sense.
 * I think I need another monitor so I can see what I'm writing about while I'm writing. I seem to misrember things. (ie, screw/nail). Huh, indeed.
 * You are the usage example for head of the class.
 * I recently got that crisis/abscess relationship from some non-authoritative, but credible source (Crystal or Pinker, I think). They didn't offer any support for the assertion. It seemed to give me a litte aha moment.
 * Is a well-head ever referred to as the head of a well?
 * Having a long, single-level list of senses made me use my printer to try to hand-make a hierarchy. A two-level (even three-level hierarchy, as in my MW3) is a little bit of a help in grouping somewhat related definitions. Why is that not done here? The use of "#" allows it technically. DCDuring TALK 11:09, 9 April 2008 (UTC)

 * 7. Seems so.  But this is arguably covered by the "topmost part" sense. -- Visviva 12:21, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Maybe we should move this discussion back to RfC.  Regarding subsenses, I was thinking about the same thing and put together one possible mockup at User:Visviva/head.  I agree that this leads to much improved readability, but a) MediaWiki's handling of ## seems less than ideal (it's confusing to have multiple "sense 2's"), and b) if this were going to be implemented on more than an experimental basis, it would require thorough community discussion and a revision of WT:ELE, particularly since some additional fiddling with indentation rules is required. -- Visviva 12:21, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

 * RfC seems like the right forum. I'm going to collect prior discussions about subsenses and put the links on a user page somewhere. DCDuring TALK 13:47, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Regarding MediaWiki's handling of ##, it would be ideal to have senses labelled as 6, 6.1, 6.2, 7, etc. I would assume that doing this will require a mod by a developer to allow this behaviour to be set on a per-project basis rather than being js or css hackable?
 * If it does require a developer mod, then we will need to show overwhelming support to have any hope of anything being done this side of 2012. Where do we have the discussion about this? Thryduulf 16:01, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Actually it is CSS-hackable; MediaWiki just generates <ol> and <li> tags for the list and leaves the rest to the browser. Not sure how feasible it is to have one level numeric and one level alphabetic (which IMO would be ideal), but there must be a way.  -- Visviva 00:16, 11 April 2008 (UTC)

 * The options described at http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/generate.html#propdef-list-style-type are supported by most halfway-modern browsers (though IIRC not IE 6); something like ol > li > ol { list-style-type: lower-alpha; } would do what you describe (as would just <tt>ol ol { list-style-type: lower-alpha; }</tt>; the former would only affect ordered-lists that are immediate children of ordered-list elements, while the latter would affect any ordered-list that's a descendant of another). I have no thoughts how to do what Thryduulf describes, barring JavaScript that finds them, sets their <tt>list-style-type</tt> to <tt>none</tt>, and inserts the right pattern at the beginning of their content — though that would have the down-side of moving the list markers inside the list. To keep the list markers outside the list and do this would be even more complicated. All told, a great thought, but probably not worth it. —Ruakh TALK 00:37, 11 April 2008 (UTC)

 * What I currently have here seems to implement Thryduulf's suggestion fairly well, at least on FF/Windows; however, it may cause undesirable effects with other types of lists. -- Visviva 04:14, 11 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Oh, wow. One of these days I should re-read the CSS 2.1 spec; I had so completely forgotten that those properties even existed, to the extent that they don't even look familiar! At least, I should re-read it before the next time I decide something is impossible. :-P  Anyway, good work. :-)   Something like this would be even better:

 since for the top-level it would retain the benefits of actual list style (e.g. the ability to have   be , as it is by default; we can halfway-simulate this with something like  , and maybe we should do so for the nested lists if no one can think of a better way, but for the outer list there's no need). —Ruakh TALK 11:55, 11 April 2008 (UTC)

 * This would have to go to BP and Vote, I'm pretty sure. There has, unsurprisingly, been discussion of this: Beer_parlour_archive/2007/May and Talk:quaint, for example. There are probably other discussions, but I'd rather someone selected a good one that they were involved in rather than me trying to determine the quality and import of something I wasn't involved in. It's worth a review of the prior discussion before we reopen it to see if the issue looks different this time. There also might be something else we could do that was less dramatic to improve the definitions for long, basic, highly polysemic words. We seem to be a little light on guidelines, let alone policy, in this area. There are a few examples of subsenses for particular words. Widsith has been a reasoned advocate of subsenses. Most of the ongoing head additional-sense discussion is back at rfc. DCDuring TALK 17:39, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

Resolved. Deleted the definition about the comet head, kept the lacrosse stick and queue senses. --Jackofclubs 12:11, 16 June 2009 (UTC)

RFV discussion
Rfv-sense: The front of a queue. Is this ever used without words like "of the queue" or "of the line". Ie, "You can come to the front", unambiguously meaning "of the queue" without saying so. DCDuring TALK 12:41, 16 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Lisp uses head and tail to refer to the endmost items of a list or queue (data structure). I'm probably clutching at straws! Equinox ◑ 13:03, 16 June 2009 (UTC)

 * It's possible that there is a specialized sense needed for that even if the RfV's sense is arguably unnecessary. If so, we should keep this sense with its current wording to include both senses, if that does the computing sense justice. DCDuring TALK 14:22, 16 June 2009 (UTC)

 * So what if it isn't? You can't possibly be suggesting that undefined:, undefined:, undefined:, undefined:, etc. are all idioms that warrant their own entries? Or are you just saying that this sense should be merged into sense #4? —Ruakh TALK 13:46, 16 June 2009 (UTC)

 * No, they don't seem idiomatic to me. I'd argue for merging senses. Perhaps substituting usage examples or having multiple usage examples that were not full sentences on the same line in an appropriate sense. A long entry like this could use all the help it can get to shorten it without omitting anything truly useful. If we had something like a "quick definitions" show/hide, I wouldn't be so persistent.
 * Maybe I should just try to come up with some more general approach to enhancing usabilty for long entries that doesn't violate too many of our prevailing norms. DCDuring TALK 14:22, 16 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Yes, it is used without "of the line" or "of the queue". I'm reminded of a TMBG song "Mrs. Train", which includes the line: "the line has a missing head" (because no one wants to be first in line).  The word line: is still present, but not in an adjectival prepositional phrase modifying head:. --EncycloPetey 18:51, 17 June 2009 (UTC)

Moved to RFC. —Ruakh TALK 14:39, 23 March 2010 (UTC)

RFC discussion
still missing some basic dictionary definitions

It is still too easy to find basic words, such as head, which have far fewer meanings listed in Wiktionary than in many a concise dictionary. I pointed this out about head a couple of years ago. Yet it is still missing some simple definitions:- etc etc.
 * head of steam, head of pressure.
 * head of a door frame
 * it cost him his head (it cost him his ilfe, but his head may still be in place!)
 * $10 per head
 * side of a coin
 * part of a tape or disc player, printer etc
 * promontory
 * events come to a head; a climax
 * the top of a pimple;spot;boil
 * out of one's head; off one's head

some parts are confused:- What does it say on the head of the page? Principal operative part of a machine has nothing in common with head of the page
 * (countable) The topmost, foremost, leading or principal operative part of anything.

I previously tried to get some sort of Quality Control Project going on the top 1000 words, but was defeated by apathy (mine and everyone else's). It has to be a team effort, but team efforts never seem to succeed here. Everyone seems to want to do their own thing. So Wiktionary still seriously lacks credibility in it's most basic function - as an English Dictionary.
 * See Project - Cleanup of Basic English Words

I'm no longer interested in trying to take this on. But unless quite a decent group takes it on, the dictionary is still going to be lacking credibility, despite all the other wonderous stuff which people spend time adding.--Richardb 00:26, 6 April 2008 (UTC)

Possible additional sense:
 * 1) Will, intention.
 * He gave his horse its head.

I am uncertain as to the relationship of -head to head. The entry for -head shows it as a suffix. It is also a combining form, which is not shown in the entry, which possibly needs to have split etymologies. As a combining form it can take most meanings of head. In some cases it might have different meaning, which, of course merit inclusion. Following are two types of usage of -head which are combining forms only if there is a proper associated sense (possibly archaic or obsolete) in head.
 * 1) Terminus for a means or route segment of transportation; transhipment point
 * railhead; bridgehead; beachhead; airhead
 * bulkhead; as in bulkhead line; (pierhead probably already included, also as used in pierhead line). DCDuring TALK 14:23, 10 April 2008 (UTC)
 * bulkhead; as in bulkhead line; (pierhead probably already included, also as used in pierhead line). DCDuring TALK 14:23, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Bulkhead_(partition) is somewhat illuminating... haven't authenticated that sense yet. -- Visviva 14:44, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

From the Richardb's list we are still missing at least the side-of-a-coin and promontory/placename (used in both -head and head forms) senses. Also as short for heading and, possibly short for header, the top margin of a page. I intend to do a specific comparison with MW3's 75 senses, but only after we have gotten the senses that come to our (collective) minds, taking that as a crude indication of the importance of the senses. DCDuring TALK 14:35, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I am skeptical of those myself. I'm not yet convinced that head is actually used to mean heads (side of a coin) or Head (promontory); these are both quite plausible but need to be verified.  I also came up empty when looking for the "heading" sense -- the phrase "a head of north" brings up nothing relevant on b.g.c.  The top margin sense probably does need to go in -- I saw it on Wordnet, but was unsure whether it was really distinct from the "topmost part" ("head of the page") sense already present. -- Visviva 14:44, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I'd be amazed if we couldn't find cites for names like "Nag's Head", "Marblehead", which both refer to headlands. If a sense historically must have been a meaning of head in order to now exist as combining forms and parts of proper nouns, I would think that we would show it with some kind of tag. I also wonder if there is a connection between the bulkhead-line and pierhead-line senses and promontory/headland. Because it is all metaphorical and figurative, I find it hard to see why we would exclude the heads/tails sense and include some of the others, especially since not all coins have literal faces or heads on them, though all (???) seem to have an image that includes a head. Perhaps the coin sense belongs at heads, but, if so it will be unhelpful for someone not to find a prominent reference to it at head. DCDuring TALK 15:24, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I have provided 3 cites for the heading/topic sense in citation space. There are abundant citations to be found for the promontory/headland sense using Subject:Pilot Guides at b.g.c. a harbor, bay, bight, or sound has two "heads", only one usually visible from each direction of coastwise navigation. I don't think headlands is really a synonym, because such a head could be relatively low, but still be usefully visible to a navigator. DCDuring TALK 16:19, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

missing sense
As in head of cabbage. --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 06:16, 26 November 2012 (UTC)
 * It's there, it's just hiding in the middle of all the other senses. Sense 15: "A clump of leaves or flowers; a capitulum. Give me a head of lettuce." Not to say that definition couldn't be improved... - -sche (discuss) 17:34, 26 November 2012 (UTC)

This seems to me to be a missing sense as well: "This suggestion was too much for Fairfax, and he carried his officers with him in favour of a proposal that the army should ask the King to assent to the heads of a constitutional plan which would have reduced the functions of the Crown to that influence which is so beneficially exercised at the present day." Oliver Cromwell, by Samuel Rawson Gardiner, First Collier Books Edition 1962, p. 111. Also, sprinkled throughout the book references to a historical document known as "The Heads of the Proposals", where "head" or "heads" is used in this same sense.

Chesscat2012 (talk) 16:39, 6 September 2015 (UTC)

RFC discussion 2
RFV discussion:
 Rfv-sense: The front of a queue. Is this ever used without words like "of the queue" or "of the line". Ie, "You can come to the front", unambiguously meaning "of the queue" without saying so. DCDuring TALK 12:41, 16 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Lisp uses head and tail to refer to the endmost items of a list or queue (data structure). I'm probably clutching at straws! Equinox ◑ 13:03, 16 June 2009 (UTC)
 * It's possible that there is a specialized sense needed for that even if the RfV's sense is arguably unnecessary. If so, we should keep this sense with its current wording to include both senses, if that does the computing sense justice. DCDuring TALK 14:22, 16 June 2009 (UTC)
 * So what if it isn't? You can't possibly be suggesting that undefined:, undefined:, undefined:, undefined:, etc. are all idioms that warrant their own entries? Or are you just saying that this sense should be merged into sense #4? —Ruakh TALK 13:46, 16 June 2009 (UTC)
 * No, they don't seem idiomatic to me. I'd argue for merging senses. Perhaps substituting usage examples or having multiple usage examples that were not full sentences on the same line in an appropriate sense. A long entry like this could use all the help it can get to shorten it without omitting anything truly useful. If we had something like a "quick definitions" show/hide, I wouldn't be so persistent.
 * Maybe I should just try to come up with some more general approach to enhancing usabilty for long entries that doesn't violate too many of our prevailing norms. DCDuring TALK 14:22, 16 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Yes, it is used without "of the line" or "of the queue". I'm reminded of a TMBG song "Mrs. Train", which includes the line: "the line has a missing head" (because no one wants to be first in line).  The word line: is still present, but not in an adjectival prepositional phrase modifying head:. --EncycloPetey 18:51, 17 June 2009 (UTC)

Moved to RFC. —Ruakh TALK 14:39, 23 March 2010 (UTC)

So, does anyone want to tackle either (1) cleaning up this sense to remove the problematic implication, or (2) merging this sense with another one? (And if someone wants to track down the cite that EP mentions and add it to the entry and/or citations page, that would also be nice.) —Ruakh TALK 14:54, 23 March 2010 (UTC)
 * The usage example continues to seem wrong, which suggests some limitations of the distribution. I have slightly reworded the sense to "The front, as of a queue." Does the usage example not bother anyone else, say, from the US. DCDuring TALK 11:29, 26 March 2010 (UTC)
 * It does bother me. —Ruakh TALK 12:26, 26 March 2010 (UTC)
 * I've changed it to a missing Webster 1913 sense (which it might originally have been garbled from anyway): "the place of honour, or of command; the most important or foremost position; the front" — with a couple of citations. Equinox ◑ 21:24, 24 November 2013 (UTC)

Sense of mind or brain
I would like to know when the word "head" started to be used in the sense of mind or brain, as in "Use your head!". When did people start to realize that thinking takes place in the brain? Eric Kvaalen (talk) 10:39, 27 November 2017 (UTC)

 * "to be over one's head ("beyond one's comprehension") was attested by the 1620s. No one knows why people in our part of the world got the idea that one's thoughts dwell in the head. It seems to be a cultural thing, since the Japanese think our minds are in our bellies. That's why the preferred method of suicide there was seppuku. —Stephen (Talk) 15:23, 28 November 2017 (UTC)

height (of water)
the height of the surface of liquid above a specific point, esp when considered or used as a measure of the pressure at that point: there has to be a head of six feet between the tank and the bath https://www.wordreference.com/definition/head --Backinstadiums (talk) 17:03, 18 February 2020 (UTC)

2. (animals) To do with heads. (uncountable)
The label (uncountable) is at odds with the examples with numerals. Rather, its plural is the same as its singular, head. --Backinstadiums (talk) 11:52, 12 March 2020 (UTC)
 * https://oed.com/oed2/00103529 --Backinstadiums (talk) 17:26, 4 June 2021 (UTC)

be headed
OED reads (intransitive) (also be headed)

Fowler's Dictionary of Modern English Usage: Head ‘move in a particular direction’, there is a choice between  to be heading/headed for  --Backinstadiums (talk) 11:18, 23 February 2021 (UTC)

about the head
Bernstein called it “police-blotter lingo” when used in the sense “on” <the victim was pounded several times about the head.>. --Backinstadiums (talk) 10:24, 9 August 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:head


text:
verkondigen

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to announce, proclaim
 * 2) to preach

title: verkondigen


text: sapno

title: sapno


text: sapnui

title: sapnui


text: sapną

title: sapną


text: sapne

title: sapne


text:
Talk:caru

caru
rfv-sense English: deer-like animal. Possibly in Breton. Can't find in English. DCDuring TALK 17:16, 25 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I can find the word in Welsh and Old English, but not with this meaning:
 * Welsh: "Deck the Halls with Boughs of Holly" ("Oer yw'r gŵr sy'n methu caru")
 * Old English: cearu (cearo, caru) f care
 * --EncycloPetey 06:03, 26 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:caru


text: sapnu

title: sapnu


text: sapnų

title: sapnų


text: sapnams

title: sapnams


text: sapnus

title: sapnus


text: sapnais

title: sapnais


text: sapnuose

title: sapnuose


text: sapnai

title: sapnai