text:
Appendix:Unicode normalization

 * See also Unicode normalization considerations on the MediaWiki website.

Wikimedia, along with most servers on the internet, stores Unicode strings in the form called NFC or Normalization Form (Canonical) Composition. This means that often several different Unicode strings are mapped to the same canonical form. When you enter a Unicode string and save the page, it is automatically converted to the normalized form. Non-normalized strings cannot be saved in a Wiktionary page.

Issues
Most of the time NFC makes processing text easier, but there are some oddities, both semantic and non-semantic that do appear. There are four cases where single characters are not the NFC form.
 * 1) Sometimes an alternative single character is the canonical composed form.
 * Example: U+212B ( Å - ANGSTROM SIGN) is converted to U+00C5 ( Å - LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE)
 * 1) For some scripts, precomposed characters are not preferred.
 * Example: U+0958 ( क़ - DEVANAGARI LETTER QA) is converted to the decomposed क़ which is U+0915 ( & - DEVANAGARI LETTER KA) + U+093C ( & - DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA).
 * 1) Where a decomposition exists in pre-Unicode 3.0 for a precomposed character added afterwards, the decomposition is preferred.
 * Example: U+2ADC ( ⫝̸ - FORKING) is converted to ⫝̸ which is U+2ADD ( & - NONFORKING) + U+0338 ( & - COMBINING LONG SOLIDUS OVERLAY).
 * 1) A decomposition is preferred to precomposed characters where the decomposition begins with a non-starter.
 * Example: U+0344 ( ̈́ - COMBINING GREEK DIALYTIKA TONOS) is converted to U+0308 ( & - COMBINING DIAERESIS (DIALYTIKA)) + U+0301 ( & - COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT (OXIA, TONOS)).

In a number of common cases, Unicode's canonical ordering of two diacritics is counterintuitive, and/or interoperates poorly with certain existing software. In other, less common cases, the problem is that the diacritics should not have a canonical ordering, because the two orderings are not actually equivalent (that is, the two diacritics should have the same value for the Canonical_Combining_Class (ccc) property, but instead they have different ones). For example, Hebrew לַ ִ ("lai") is mistakenly normalized to לִַ ("lia").

As the conversion is automatic, there cannot exist pages for the non-NFC form. Attempting to explicitly link to the non-NFC form, &, will display the non-NFC form, but when clicked on will take the user to the NFC page &.

Display
One can display the non-NFC characters on a page using ( will show ). To note canonical equivalence between two single characters, use in the caption field of the appropriate  template on the NFC character (see Å for an example). To note that the NCF of a precomposed character is a decomposition, use in the caption field of the appropriate  template on the NFC decomposition (see क़ for an example).

title: Appendix:Unicode normalization


text:
Template:normalization

For technical reasons, the (&#x; - U+) also redirects here.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Template:normalization


text: berços

title: berços


text:
Talk:amptelik

This is spelled wrong, it's not amptelijk, it's amptelik. I know 'cause I am Afrikaans.

title: Talk:amptelik


text: blasfémias

title: blasfémias


text: afbildningen

title: afbildningen


text: afbildninger

title: afbildninger


text: afbildningerne

title: afbildningerne


text: afbildnings

title: afbildnings


text: afbildningens

title: afbildningens


text: afbildningers

title: afbildningers


text: afbildningernes

title: afbildningernes


text:
estouffler

Etymology
From +, a word from  and ultimately , from , from , extended form of.

Verb

 * 1)  to blow
 * 2) to fill with air

title: estouffler


text:
estoffer

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to decorate, to garnish

Etymology
Borrowed from, , from. The source must be an Alemannic dialect, not a Frankish one (as claimed in several sources). Western dialects of Frankish (i.e. Rhine and Central Franconian) did not undergo the shift pp > pf.

Verb

 * 1) to decorate, garnish

title: estoffer


text:
vuidier

Etymology
From, from , ultimately connected to 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to empty

title: vuidier


text: estofer

title: estofer


text:
პარკი

Etymology 1
Together with 🇨🇬 borrowed from an source.

Noun

 * 1) sack bag
 * 2) cocoon
 * 3) pod

Etymology 2
.

Noun

 * 1) park

title: პარკი


text:
berîk

Noun

 * 1) pocket

title: berîk


text:
պարտէզ

Etymology
An borrowing, ultimately from. The word is often considered a very old borrowing because it supposedly participated in the prehistoric Armenian consonant shift →. A doublet of 🇨🇬, dialectal.

Noun

 * 1) garden

title: պարտէզ


text:
Category talk:Avestan language

What font do I need to be able to read this? Mglovesfun (talk) 17:04, 9 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Unicode 5.2-compliant Avestan font which doesn't exist. --Ivan Štambuk 17:32, 9 December 2009 (UTC)
 * But Strabismus was typing in Avestan script, perhaps he can recommend some. The uſer hight Bogorm converſation 20:19, 9 December 2009 (UTC)
 * He was using the font I sent him. --Ivan Štambuk 20:38, 9 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Sorry, did not know. Do you know whether forthcoming editions of Unicode envisage the inclusion of Avestan font? The uſer hight Bogorm converſation 21:00, 9 December 2009 (UTC)
 * The newest Unicode (version 5.2) already support Avestan script. It's the fonts that are lacking support for it. I made one shitty font for Avestan while I was learning some bits and pieces of it a while back, but it seems to be broken now (as Kassad informed me). There are already plenty of Avestan fonts on the Web, it's just that they're not Unicode-aware. In theory it shouldn't be that hard to make a new Unicode font on the basis of them. Avestan script is simple and alphabetic. And awesome-looking :D --Ivan Štambuk 21:06, 9 December 2009 (UTC)

Just built per request, Unicode 5.2 compliant Avestan font, works fine on x64 Vista with x64 Firefox "Namoroka", the latest build (20100114). Feel free to improve on! --Ivan Štambuk 05:45, 15 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Thankyou for making a Unicode Avestan font! For some reason, however, my computer doesn't seem to think that the font has the letter for Avestan "a", though it does for "ā" and the other letters. Is this my computer acting odd, or did it somehow get left out of the font? Steorra 16:45, 18 March 2010 (UTC)
 * I get everything except AVESTAN LETTER Le and these two punctuations: TINY TWO DOTS OVER ONE DOT PUNCTUATION, SMALL TWO DOTS OVER ONE DOT PUNCTUATION.
 * There was no /l/ in Avestan, that's used for Pahlavi. I didn't add support for small and tiny versions of "two dots over one" because that difference is artifical and you should use only "large" variety of the character. Try also this font created by another Wiktionarian; it's supposed to be more browser-friendly. You may also try experimenting with different browsers and/or platforms. --Ivan Štambuk 13:33, 22 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Do you know who has created these two fonts (Unicode 5.2 compliant Avestan font and this one)? Are these fonts free (like a free software)? Pamputt 02:00, 9 November 2010 (UTC)
 * I know this is an old thread but I was able to find success with Avesta Manus, a free download. Djkcel (talk) 20:14, 24 July 2017 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Avestan language


text:
պարտիզպան

Etymology
From ; see below.

Noun

 * 1) gardener

Noun

 * 1) gardener, horticulturist

title: պարտիզպան


text: Category:Old Armenian terms suffixed with -պան


text: պարտիզապան

title: պարտիզապան


text:
بردزبة

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  farmer

title: بردزبة


text:
uznemiriti

Etymology
From via.

Verb

 * 1)  to disturb, upset, bother, trouble

title: uznemiriti


text:
узнемирити

Verb

 * 1)  to disturb, upset, bother, trouble

title: узнемирити


text: northern hawk owls

title: northern hawk owls


text:
uznemiravati

Verb

 * 1)  to disturb, upset, bother, trouble

title: uznemiravati


text:
узнемиравати

Verb

 * 1)  to disturb, upset, bother, trouble

title: узнемиравати


text:
walkingway

Noun

 * 1)  A walkway.

title: walkingway


text:
ղազ

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) goose
 * 2)  chump, loser
 * 1)  chump, loser
 * 1)  chump, loser

title: ղազ


text:
risteilyohjus

Noun

 * 1) cruise missile

title: risteilyohjus


text:
hlýna

Verb

 * 1)  to get warmer
 * Á vorin hlýnar og snjóa leysir.
 * In the spring [it] gets warmer and [the] snow is cleared away.

title: hlýna


text:
nuorehko

Adjective

 * 1) youthful, relatively young

title: nuorehko


text:
крити

Etymology
First attested as in year 1138±22. From.

Verb

 * 1) to buy

Inflection

 * Participle: криль (L), крьвоши (крь ни воши)
 * Imperative: крьни, крени, крини (2sg), крьни[та] (2du), кърините (2pl)

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1)  to hide, conceal

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to hide

title: крити


text: ægtemanden

title: ægtemanden


text:
покрити

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to cover

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to cover, to cover over

title: покрити


text: ægtemænd

title: ægtemænd


text: ægtemændene

title: ægtemændene


text:
покривати

Verb

 * 1)  to cover

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to cover, to cover over

title: покривати


text: ægtemands

title: ægtemands


text: ægtemandens

title: ægtemandens


text: ægtemænds

title: ægtemænds


text: ægtemændenes

title: ægtemændenes


text:
Fèill Màrtainn

Proper noun

 * 1) Martinmas

title: Fèill Màrtainn


text:
сакрити

Etymology
..

Verb

 * 1)  to hide, conceal

title: сакрити


text:
сакривати

Verb

 * 1)  to hide, conceal

title: сакривати


text: clutch initiations

title: clutch initiations


text: Màrtainn

title: Màrtainn


text: paons

title: paons


text: wedge-tailed eagles

title: wedge-tailed eagles


text:
Fèill nan Naoimh Uile

Proper noun

 * 1) All Saints' Day

title: Fèill nan Naoimh Uile


text: little spotted kiwis

title: little spotted kiwis


text: great spotted kiwis

title: great spotted kiwis


text:
naomh

Etymology 1
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) saint

Adjective

 * 1) holy, blessed

Etymology 2
From, from , from the adjective.

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) saint

Adjective

 * 1) blessed, holy, sacred

title: naomh


text:
Naomh

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Saint title

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Saint

title: Naomh


text:
bianna

Noun

 * 1) ferrule
 * 2)  thimble

title: bianna


text:
User talk:6th sinister

Hello

title: User talk:6th sinister


text:
User:6th sinister

Hello

title: User:6th sinister


text:
Fèill Pàdraig

Proper noun

 * 1) St. Patrick's Day

title: Fèill Pàdraig


text: purple swamphens

title: purple swamphens


text: yellow-bellied sapsuckers

title: yellow-bellied sapsuckers


text: demoiselle cranes

title: demoiselle cranes


text:
Pàdraig

Etymology
From, likely via. Cognate to 🇨🇬.

title: Pàdraig


text: white-throated tinamous

title: white-throated tinamous


text: grey tinamous

title: grey tinamous


text: solitary tinamous

title: solitary tinamous


text: black tinamous

title: black tinamous


text: Peadair

title: Peadair


text: Category:sh:Paleontology

title: Category:sh:Paleontology


text: Category:cs:Paleontology

title: Category:cs:Paleontology


text: Category:sv:Paleontology

title: Category:sv:Paleontology


text: shm-

title: shm-


text:
palo verde

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  Any of a variety of trees in the genus, with characteristic green bark, found in desert areas of North America.

Translations

 * Portuguese:, cina-cina

title: palo verde


text: User talk:Antarctic-adventurer

title: User talk:Antarctic-adventurer


text:
Parkinsonia

Etymology
, after the English botanist

Synonyms

 * ,, , - genera

Hypernyms

 * ; - subfamily;  - tribe

Hyponyms

 * - type species

title: Parkinsonia


text: paloverde

title: paloverde


text:
Category talk:Idioms by language

What about Romanians idioms?
What about Romanians idioms?
 * Apparently, we don't have any yet. Mglovesfun (talk) 19:12, 9 December 2009 (UTC)

Beer parlour convo
--Barytonesis (talk) 12:03, 30 June 2017 (UTC)
 * Beer_parlour/2017/January

title: Category talk:Idioms by language


text:
bréag-

Etymology
From.

Prefix

 * 1) false, faux, pseudo-

title: bréag-


text:
سامان

Etymology
From, related to. Cognate with 🇨🇬. Akin to 🇨🇬; an Iranian borrowing.

Noun

 * 1) boundary, limit, place where any sign or mark is placed to separate one field from another, a balk
 * 2) side, quarter
 * 3) city, town
 * 4) home
 * 5) household furniture, baggage

Noun

 * 1) goods
 * 2) stuff
 * 3) luggage
 * 4) baggage

Etymology
From. Cognates with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) straw, hay

title: سامان


text:
Talk:Kester

This is pure nonsense, the Scottish Gaelic alphabet doesn't even have a "k" and AFAIK neither has the Irish one. Moreover, entry was obviously created from an account which is "infinitely" blocked for over two years, and the following edits were apparently done by well-meaning editors who unluckily had (next to) no Gaelic. (BTW the gd cognate of Christopher is Crìsdean, I added it there.) --Thrissel 19:28, 9 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Changed it to English. SemperBlotto 22:37, 9 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Oh, should have occurred to me. Nevertheless I removed the etymology (and put there the "request template") - from /kɹɪstəfə/ to /kestə/ through /kri:stʃən/? Anyway I didn't find anything to suggest Gaelic (gd or ga) was involved. --Thrissel 09:08, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kester


text: Faoilteach

title: Faoilteach


text:
სამანი

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) boundary sign

title: სამანი


text:
rùa

Etymology
From ; cognate with 🇨🇬 arɑː. Compare Nghệ An/Hà Tĩnh dialects.

The reduplicated form rùa rùa was used until rather recently, as seen in the Cách trí giáo khoa thư (革智教科書) composed in the 1920s. This form is now obsolete, which is a trend seen with other reduplicated nouns designing animals, such as, , , with the monosyllabic root (once again) becomes the dominant form.

Noun

 * 1) turtle; tortoise

title: rùa


text:
Vítneam

Usage notes

 * Not preceded by the definite article.

title: Vítneam


text:
Giblinn

Proper noun

 * 1) Alternative form of an Giblean.

Usage notes

 * Usually written with the definite article.

title: Giblinn


text:
câu

Etymology 1
Diphthongized variant of.

Etymology 2
.

Noun

 * 1) sentence; expression; line

Etymology 3
From ;.

Verb

 * 1) to fish with a rod; to hook

title: câu


text:
bắt

Verb

 * 1) to suffocate

Derived terms

 * thai bắt

Adjective

 * 1) expensive
 * 2) precious
 * 1) precious

Derived terms

 * bắt pèng

Verb

 * 1) to distill

Noun

 * 1) 斗|dou

Verb

 * 1) to stop talking and crying

Etymology
From. Related to, ,.

Verb

 * 1) to seize; to catch
 * 2) to arrest
 * 3) to receive; to pick up
 * 4) to get
 * 5) to force; to compel
 * 6) to fit; to install
 * 1) to fit; to install
 * 1) to fit; to install
 * 1) to fit; to install

title: bắt


text: Category:German terms prefixed with über-


text:
Ògmhios

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) June sixth month of the Gregorian calendar

Usage notes

 * Usually written with the definite article.

Derived terms

 * abbreviation

title: Ògmhios


text:
Talk:кобь

Etymology
Aleksej Šaxmatov, as quoted by Vasmer, suggests that the Slavic word was loaned from Celtic (cf. Irish cob - victory). However, Vasmer rejects this theory. Is it acceptable to mention it? The uſer hight Bogorm converſation 19:55, 9 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Šaxmatov's fantasies. There are only 2 or 3 possible Celticisms in Slavic, and this is not one of them. Celtic languages were not spoken at the area where Slavs expanded at that time they did. This word has disputed origin: possibly inherited from PIE (in which case whence also Old Irish and - believe it or not - English happen), and according to others that is totally vague and we're dealing with substratum word. Most IEist are very hesitant to postulate PIE reconstruction (sth like *kob- here) if the word is not attested in either of the 3 big guys (Sanskrit, Greek, Latin), which this isn't. --Ivan Štambuk 21:37, 9 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Well, Vasmer mentions some dubious relation with Sanskrit kābavas, but nothing more unambiguous. Yet I am thinking of the Gallic invasion of the Balkans, when huge groups of Celtic people joined the indigenous Thracians, but there were no Slavs there at that time... They arrived one millenium later and I have no idea how long the Celtic people on the pæninsula may have præserved their language or if they were rapidly assimilated. The uſer hight Bogorm converſation 22:24, 9 December 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:кобь


text:
bású

Noun

 * 1)  execution
 * 2) slaying
 * 1) slaying

title: bású


text:
User:Outtabox

Outtabox paint ball Mutant Paint Baller Out law Paint ball [[paint ball

title: User:Outtabox


text:
básaigh

Verb

 * 1)  execute
 * 2)  put to death
 * 3)  slay, kill
 * 4)  die

title: básaigh


text:
grapholect

Etymology
, coined by linguist Einar Haugen in 1964.

Noun

 * 1)  A written variant of a language, analogous to a spoken dialect of a language.

Translations

 * Arabic:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: (no exact term exists) 書寫的方言, 书写的方言 (shūxiě de fāngyán)
 * Czech: grafolekt
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German: Grapholekt
 * Hindi:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Polish: grafolekt
 * Portuguese: grafoleto
 * Russian: графоле́кт
 * Spanish: grafolecto
 * Vietnamese:

title: grapholect


text:
սէգ

Etymology
From. Cognates include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬 (English ). The original meaning of Armenian must have been “walking proudly” as shown by, , etc.

Adjective

 * 1) imperious, high, haughty, supercilious, arrogant, proud, superb
 * 2) effeminate
 * 1) effeminate
 * 1) effeminate

title: սէգ


text:
Sultainn

Proper noun

 * 1) Alternative spelling of .

Usage notes

 * Usually written with the definite article.

title: Sultainn


text:
Sultuin

Proper noun

 * 1) Alternative spelling of .

Usage notes

 * Usually written with the definite article.

title: Sultuin


text:
Dàmhar

Proper noun

 * 1) Alternative form of an Dàmhair.

Usage notes

 * Used with the definite article.

title: Dàmhar


text:
сигать

Etymology
Probably for.

Verb

 * 1)  to jump, to leap

title: сигать


text:
reazione chimica

Noun

 * 1)  chemical reaction

title: reazione chimica


text:
սեգ

Etymology
From ; see it for more.

Adjective

 * 1) proud, pleased, satisfied
 * 2) splendid, magnificent, adorned

Adverb

 * 1) proudly
 * 2) splendidly, magnificently

title: սեգ


text:
վախճան

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) end
 * 2) death (end of life)
 * 3) ending, finish
 * 1) ending, finish
 * 1) ending, finish

Etymology
The origin is. According to Bailey, the second part is identical with.

Noun

 * 1) end, term; end, scope, object; issue, event, end, result; accomplishment, finishing, conclusion, close; end, extremity; end, demise, decease, death, exit

Adverb

 * 1) in fine, finally, at last, at length, after all, in the last place

title: վախճան


text:
breoigh

Etymology 1
From.

Verb

 * 1) glow
 * 2) heat
 * 3) sear; sicken
 * 4) weaken

title: breoigh


text:
Talk:impending

I'm not a native English speaker but I have this vague idea that the word impending has something rather gloomy and threatening about it, is it so? 88.148.214.22 20:44, 9 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Erm, it can in some cases. Think, for example, of a sentence something like this:
 * And so, your impending doom has been prophesied. 50 Xylophone Players talk 20:55, 9 December 2009 (UTC)
 * What is impending is imminent (in the literal sense of the word, “hanging over one’s head”) and harmful; the slipshod extension threatens to deprive us of a useful word. --Backinstadiums (talk) 16:14, 23 August 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:impending


text:
ოხჭანი

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  end, termination

title: ოხჭანი


text:
pienipäisyys

Noun

 * 1)  microcephaly

title: pienipäisyys


text:
pienipäinen

Adjective

 * 1)  microcephalic having an abnormally small head
 * 2) small-headed

title: pienipäinen


text:
уарт

Etymology
From. Akin to 🇨🇬, an Iranian borrowing.

Noun

 * 1)  shield

title: уарт


text:
piezoelectrical

Adjective

 * 1) piezoelectric

title: piezoelectrical


text:
piezomagnetism

Noun

 * 1) Magnetism induced by applied mechanical stress.

Translations

 * Italian:
 * Spanish: piezomagnetismo

title: piezomagnetism


text:
piezomagnetic

Adjective

 * 1) Exhibiting piezomagnetism.

title: piezomagnetic


text:
piezometric

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to a piezometer or to piezometry
 * 2)  Of or relating to a measurement of water pressure inside an aquifer

Etymology
.

title: piezometric


text:
piezoresistance

Noun

 * 1) Electrical resistance induced by applied mechanical stress.

Related terms

 * piezoresistor
 * piezoresistor
 * piezoresistor

title: piezoresistance


text:
Template talk:context labelcat

Note
Although whatlinkshere lists no templates, this is used by and.

RFDO discussion: November–December 2014

 * See Template talk:context test.

title: Template talk:context labelcat


text:
piezoresistive

Adjective

 * 1) Exhibiting piezoresistance.

Derived terms

 * piezoresistor
 * piezoresistor
 * piezoresistor

title: piezoresistive


text:
piezoresistivity

Noun

 * 1) piezoresistance

title: piezoresistivity


text: Category:English terms prefixed with piezo-


text:
վահանագեղձ

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  thyroid gland

title: վահանագեղձ


text:
Appendix:Suffix -land

 * This list needs to be synchronized with w:-land

The suffix  which can be found in several countries' name and country subdivisions indicates a toponymy — a land. The word came via Germanic languages Land, which means "soil".

Below is the list of places that ends with -land or Land.

See Entries that link to "land".

Country level

 * Deutschland
 * England
 * Finland
 * Greenland/Grønland
 * Holland/Netherlands
 * Iceland/Ísland
 * Ireland
 * New Zealand
 * Poland
 * Scotland
 * Somaliland
 * Switzerland
 * Thailand

Former names of extant countries

 * Basutoland
 * Bechuanaland
 * Czechland
 * Swaziland
 * Togoland

Places in Denmark

 * Sjælland or Zealand
 * Jylland
 * Sønderjylland
 * Midtjylland
 * Nordjylland
 * Halland (No longer part of Denmark)
 * Skåneland (No longer part of Denmark)
 * Legoland
 * Lolland/Laaland

Places in Finland
(Names in Swedish/Names in Finnish)
 * Nyland/Uusimaa
 * Egentliga Finland/Varsinais-Suomi
 * Östra Nyland/Itä-Uusimaa
 * Egentliga Tavastland/Kanta-Häme
 * Birkaland/Pirkanmaa
 * Päijänne-Tavastland/Päijät-Häme
 * Mellersta Finland/Keski-Suomi
 * Kajanaland/Kainuu
 * Lappland/Lappi
 * Åland/Ahvenanmaa

Places in Germany

 * A Bundesland

 * Rheinland and Rheinland-Pfalz
 * Saarland
 * Burgenland
 * Jerichower Land
 * Mansfelder Land
 * Weimarer Land
 * Altenburger Land
 * Saale-Holzland
 * Berchtesgadener Land
 * Dingolfing-Landau
 * Landsberg
 * Landshut
 * Nürnberger Land
 * Leipziger Land
 * Zwickauer Land
 * Chemnitzer Land
 * Hochsauerland

Places in Holland

 * Province level:
 * Flevoland
 * Friesland
 * Gelderland
 * Noord Holland
 * Zeeland
 * Zuid-Holland

 * City level:
 * Ameland
 * Berkelland
 * Dinkelland
 * Dirksland
 * Drechterland
 * Gaasterland
 * Kollumerland and Nieuwkruisland
 * Lansingerland
 * Lemsterland
 * Midden-Delfland
 * Montferland
 * Nieuw-Lekkerland
 * Noord-Beveland
 * Noorder-Koggenland
 * Opsterland
 * Oud-Beijerland
 * Reiderland
 * Scharsterland
 * Schouwen-Duiveland
 * Sint Annaland
 * Smallingerland
 * Steenwijkerland
 * Vlieland
 * Waterland
 * Wester-Koggenland
 * Westland
 * Wormerland
 * Zwartewaterland

Places in Poland

 * Chełmno Land
 * Chełm land
 * Dobrzyń Land
 * Kłodzko Land
 * Lauenburg and Bütow Land
 * Lubusz Land
 * Lwów Land/Lviv Land
 * Michałów Land
 * Sanok Land
 * Sieradz Land
 * Silesian-Lusatian Land
 * Wieluń Land

Places in the United Kingdom

 * Regional or county level
 * Cleveland
 * Cumberland
 * Holland (part of Lincolnshire)
 * Northumberland
 * Rutland
 * Shetland
 * Sutherland
 * Westmorland
 * City level
 * Sunderland

Places in the USA

 * State level
 * Maryland
 * Rhode Island
 * New England (a region, not state)
 * City level
 * Portland
 * Cleveland
 * Oakland
 * Ashland
 * Forkland
 * Courtland
 * Vineland
 * Saraland
 * Woodland
 * Ragland
 * Islands
 * Long Island
 * Tolland
 * Holland (MA)

In other countries

 * Queensland - Australia
 * Newfoundland - Canada
 * Sudetenland - Czech Republic
 * Dubailand - Dubai
 * Nagaland - India
 * Courland - Latvia
 * Northland - New Zealand
 * Auckland - New Zealand
 * Westland - New Zealand
 * Southland - New Zealand
 * Zeeland - Netherlands
 * Sealand
 * Falkland
 * Somaliland
 * Vinland

Other common names

 * headland
 * midland

title: Appendix:Suffix -land


text:
վայրագ

Etymology
From ; see it for more.

Adjective

 * 1) ferocious, fierce, wild, savage, inhuman, cruel, barbaric

Etymology
From. The formation corresponds to Ancient Greek.

Adjective

 * 1) living in wild uninhabited places
 * 2)  ferocious, fierce, wild, savage, inhuman, cruel

title: վայրագ


text:
charmen

Etymology

 * equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1) To cast a magical charm; to use a spell.
 * 2)  To magically empower.

title: charmen


text: charmens

title: charmens


text: charmerne

title: charmerne


text: charmernes

title: charmernes


text:
վէմ

Etymology
Borrowed from. Akin to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) solid stone, solid rock

title: վէմ


text: charms'

title: charms'


text: charmene

title: charmene


text: charmenes

title: charmenes


text:
cierpliwie

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) patiently

title: cierpliwie


text:
վեմ

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) monolithic solid piece of rock
 * 2)  foundation, basis

title: վեմ


text: xiéhuì

title: xiéhuì


text:
podzielny

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  divisible
 * 2) focused on multiple tasks at once
 * 1) focused on multiple tasks at once

title: podzielny


text: charmede

title: charmede


text: charmet

title: charmet


text: User:Logomaniac/Logo vote/December 7

title: User:Logomaniac/Logo vote/December 7


text: User:Logomaniac/Logo vote/December 8

title: User:Logomaniac/Logo vote/December 8


text:
Talk:grapholect

For a non-linguist, that definition is a little vague. Perhaps a couple of examples (apart from Standard English) of grapholects could be given. Cheers. Tooironic 22:15, 9 December 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:grapholect


text: homologous pairs

title: homologous pairs


text:
acrobatique

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) acrobatic

title: acrobatique


text: 书写

title: 书写


text:
書寫

Verb

 * 1) to write

Noun

 * 1) writing; handwriting

Adjective

 * 1)  written

title: 書寫


text:
Talk:potrafić

potrafić has no future tense, it has perfective aspect, see: http://obcyjezykpolski.interia.pl/?md=archive&id=148 —This.
 * Ale to są formy potencjalne. A czasownik może być zarówno w aspekcie dokonanym jak i niedokonanym. Maro 19:48, 14 December 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:potrafić


text:
一二三四五，上山打老虎

Etymology
From a nursery rhyme.

Phrase

 * 1) (children's counting-out game) eeny, meeny, miny, moe

title: 一二三四五，上山打老虎


text: shūxiě

title: shūxiě


text:
User talk:Outtabox

Welcome!
Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * How to edit a page is a concise list of technical guidelines to the wiki format we use here: how to, for example, make text boldfaced or make a hyperlink. The Wiktionary tutorial is a more wordy, multi-page document that helps you through those same formatting issues, and also touches on a couple of other issues relevant to editing.
 * The document What Wiktionary is not may be of interest. In particular, if you've edited Wikipedia in the past, you should note that Wiktionary is not an encyclopedia and does not have Wikipedia-style page titles.
 * There is a technical guide to how to start a new page. But you'll also want to look at our guidelines for how to format an entry (what goes where) and our criteria for inclusion (what can be included), which are our two main policy documents. (You can get a feel for how to format an entry by looking at existing entries.)
 * The sandbox is a safe place for testing markup.
 * The FAQ has, of course, some frequently (and some infrequently) asked questions, and their answers.

I hope you enjoy editing here! By the way, you can sign your comments on talk (discussion) pages using four tildes, like this:, which automatically produces your name (or IP number if you're not signed in) and the current date and time. If you have any questions, then see the help pages, add a question to one of the discussion rooms or ask me on my talk page. — msh210 ℠ 22:27, 9 December 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Outtabox


text: 你拍一，我拍一，一只小猫坐飞机

title: 你拍一，我拍一，一只小猫坐飞机


text:
你拍一，我拍一，一隻小貓坐飛機

Phrase

 * 1)  eeny, meeny, miny, moe

title: 你拍一，我拍一，一隻小貓坐飛機


text:
radioastronomo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  radio astronomer

title: radioastronomo


text:
radioaudizione

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) listening (in) to a radio broadcast

title: radioaudizione


text:
radiobussola

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) radio compass

title: radiobussola


text:
radiocanale

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) radio channel

title: radiocanale


text:
radiocarbonico

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  radiocarbon; radiocarbonic

title: radiocarbonico


text: Category:Spanish terms prefixed with ante-


text:
radiocarbonio

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) radiocarbon

title: radiocarbonio


text: antenoche

title: antenoche


text:
antecama

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a carpet laid in front of a bed

title: antecama


text:
antecámara

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) antechamber

title: antecámara


text:
antecapilla

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a room before a chapel

title: antecapilla


text:
vishap

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  a dragon in Armenian mythology closely associated with water

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * Old Armenian: վիշապ
 * Persian: ویشاپ
 * Russian: вишап
 * Turkish: vişap

title: vishap


text: višap

title: višap


text: vishaps

title: vishaps


text:
antedatar

Verb

 * 1) to antedate; to backdate to assign a date earlier than the actual date

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to antedate

title: antedatar


text:
antedata

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to backdate

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) antedate

title: antedata


text:
antediluviano

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  antediluvian pertaining to the time prior to the Deluge
 * 2)  antediluvian еxtremely ancient or antiquated

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) antediluvian

title: antediluviano


text:
antefirma

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a title placed before a signature

title: antefirma


text:
anteiglesia

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) porch or other structure in front of a church

title: anteiglesia


text:
antemural

Etymology
From. See.

Noun

 * 1) An outwork of a strong, high wall, with turrets, in front gateway (as of an old castle), for defending the entrance.

Translations

 * Portuguese: antemural

Noun

 * 1)   outwork of a defensive wall

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) barbican, fortification

title: antemural


text:
antenombre

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) title before a proper name

title: antenombre


text:
antenupcial

Adjective

 * 1) antenuptial, prenuptial

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  before marriage

title: antenupcial


text:
antepagar

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to pay beforehand

title: antepagar


text:
anteproyecto

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a preliminary plan

title: anteproyecto


text:
antepuerta

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) portière

title: antepuerta


text:
antetemplo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) portico of a church

title: antetemplo


text:
antever

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to foresee, to previse to see beforehand

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to foresee

title: antever


text:
fumette

Etymology
, from. See.

Noun

 * 1)  The unpleasant odour or taste of old game meat.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  cannabis smoking the activity of smoking cannabis cigarettes
 * 2)  toke (of cannabis cigarette)

title: fumette


text: User:Logomaniac/Logo vote/December 9

title: User:Logomaniac/Logo vote/December 9


text:
გველეშაპი

Noun

 * 1) mythical dragon

title: გველეშაპი


text: Template:prefixsee

title: Template:prefixsee


text:
cretáceo

Adjective

 * 1)  relating to the Cretaceous period

Adjective

 * 1) Cretaceous

title: cretáceo


text: Template:suffixsee

title: Template:suffixsee


text:
cretácico

Adjective

 * 1) Cretaceous

title: cretácico


text:
Cretácico

Proper noun

 * 1) the Cretaceous

title: Cretácico


text:
Cretáceo

Proper noun

 * 1) the Cretaceous

title: Cretáceo


text:
տէգ

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) spearhead, point of a spear
 * 2) short spear, dart, javelin
 * 1) short spear, dart, javelin
 * 1) short spear, dart, javelin
 * 1) short spear, dart, javelin
 * 1) short spear, dart, javelin
 * 1) short spear, dart, javelin

title: տէգ


text:
descache

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1)  accident, mistake, blunder, faux pas, slip

title: descache


text:
տխմար

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) foolish, silly, fatuous

Noun

 * 1) jolterhead, blockhead, dolt
 * 2)  child

Etymology
The origin is.

Adjective

 * 1) simple, foolish, idiotic, ignorant

title: տխմար


text: aanklachten

title: aanklachten


text: bloode

title: bloode


text:
տկար

Etymology
Borrowed from ; see it for more.

Adjective

 * 1) weak, feeble, faint
 * 2) powerless, impotent, incapacitated
 * 3) sick, sickly, ill
 * 4) helpless, weak, vulnerable
 * 5) weak, frail, infirm physically weak
 * 6) unable, incapable, disorganized
 * 7)  inferior, wretched, poor
 * 8) ineffective, ineffectual, uninfluential
 * 9) deficient, lacking, scant
 * 10)  blurry, blurred, indistinct
 * 11) fragile, brittle, flimsy
 * 12) thin, slender, slim
 * 13) unstable, weak mentally or emotionally weak
 * 1) thin, slender, slim
 * 2) unstable, weak mentally or emotionally weak

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) feeble, weak, debilitated
 * 2) powerless, impotent, infirm, languid, faint
 * 3) small, slight, slender, trifling
 * 4) fragile, frail

title: տկար


text: Category:Old Armenian terms prefixed with տ-


text:
փապար

Etymology
From ; see it for more.

Noun

 * 1)  cave, grotto
 * 2)  gorge, ravine; canyon
 * 3)  cleft, crevice, fissure

Etymology
From grown with. Compare for the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) crevice, rift, cleft
 * 2) cave, cavity, hollow, hole

Adjective

 * 1) hollow

title: փապար


text:
Talk:audacity

Request for verification
How do the two senses of audacity differ? RJFJR 01:16, 26 November 2008 (UTC)
 * The first is expressed with a negative connotation; the second is neutral to positive in its connotation. At least, that's how I read the two senses currently on the page.  I'm not sure that both senses would be distinct if we had citations.  I've not heard the word used in a particularly positive light.  --EncycloPetey 01:48, 26 November 2008 (UTC)

Striking, since no tag was ever added to the entry, and it's not clear exactly what verification was requested. (The original comment reads almost like an RFD-duplicate-sense comment, actually.) —Ruakh TALK 02:51, 2 December 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:audacity


text:
Talk:ma tante

Request for verification
Originally RfVd in 2007 but never listed.

The current content appears mistaken, at least from fr:tante and the edit summaries. "My uncle" is UK slang for pawnbroker or fence. The sense now is aunt, as of today.

'matante' is an informal regional use (Quebec), e.g. 'auntie'. 'ma tante' would be a SOP 'my aunt'. - Amgine/talk 01:01, 13 March 2009 (UTC)

 * I don’t understand what you mean by "The sense now is aunt". This phrase (or chez ma tante), besides the SoP sense of "my aunt", also means Mont de Piété, a sort of Franciscan pawnbroker. —Stephen 20:39, 15 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Note that this is from "Fastifex" a contributor previously blocked for inserting example sentences relating to spanking and who may indeed be the same person as the equally dubious "Verbo". And I could be wrong but I'd say delete. 50 Xylophone Players talk 17:28, 1 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Amazing that this has been here since 2007. AFAICT it was an early Tbot entry that went wrong. No matter, failed RFV in April 2009, deleted. Mglovesfun (talk) 17:54, 1 December 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:ma tante


text:
Talk:speleoart

Request for verification
Protologism? Most hits seem to be for SpeleoArt: - is this a commercial organization? SemperBlotto 06:43, 16 August 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:speleoart


text:
Transwiki talk:Wampumannaz

Request for verification
I did find and add one reference that makes me think its a compound word, but the reference is not really defining it, and I found nothing substantial (outside of Wiktionary derivatives). Goldenrowley 04:02, 3 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Deleted RFV failed. Goldenrowley 04:10, 6 October 2009 (UTC)

title: Transwiki talk:Wampumannaz


text:
Transwiki talk:Nae Nowts

Request for verification
Google books makes mee think nae... nae... Goldenrowley 03:02, 4 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Deleted RFV failed. Goldenrowley 04:11, 6 October 2009 (UTC)

title: Transwiki talk:Nae Nowts


text:
Talk:catechistly

Request for verification
We only have catechist as a noun, so something's not right here. Mglovesfun (talk) 14:29, 7 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Deleted. There's no evidence whatsoever on the Web, and I don't buy it being a neologism. Equinox ◑ 01:44, 8 September 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:catechistly


text:
Talk:Jafakean

Request for verification
RFV all meanings. One Google Book hit, even the 141 Google hits in English seem to refer almost exclusively to usernames, blog titles etc. Possible speedy delete candidate. Mglovesfun (talk) 15:47, 19 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Possible protologism - deleted for now. SemperBlotto 18:44, 19 October 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jafakean


text:
Talk:criminal

Hannin not Hanzai
Hannin is Japanese for criminal, Hanzai is Japanese for crime. --68.45.218.70 00:54, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

Romanian - ATTENTION: "false friends"
In Romanian, the entire lexical family of words derived from the lating "crimen" has taken, in the modern language, the primary sense of having to do with the illegitimate killing of a human being - i.e. a murder. Thus:

The Romanian adjective "criminal" means "murderous" in English.

The Romanian noun "criminal" means "murderer" in English.

The Romanian noun "crimă" means "murder" in English.

The English adjective "criminal" means "infracțional" in Romanian.

The English noun "criminal" means "infractor" in Romanian.

The English noun "crime" means "infracțiune" in Romanian.

 * An interesting semantic shift. Thanks for the info and for adding the Romanian entry. — Ungoliant (Falai) 22:29, 23 September 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:criminal


text:
Talk:dolce

Request for verification
Does the Spanish section on dolce deserve an entry or is this just a misspelling of dulce? Caladon 17:11, 21 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Nope, deleted. Nadando 15:46, 22 August 2009 (UTC)

Italian adjective
I'm pretty sure that "sooth" in the third definition is actually a typo of "smooth". cwbr77 (talk) 22:47, 8 February 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:dolce


text:
deftig

Etymology
Perhaps borrowed from. Equivalent to. Ultimately from.

Adjective

 * 1) proper, decent
 * 2) stylish, distinguished, genteel (showing high social class)
 * 3) pompous

Etymology
Via from, itself seemingly from. The original sense of the Dutch word is not quite clear but would have run on the lines of “suitable, solid, weighty”. The further semantic development has been such that the word now, arguably, has opposite senses in German (“coarse, rustic”) and Dutch (“refined, genteel”).

Adjective

 * 1) firm, rough, coarse (most often of speech or behaviour)
 * 2)  substantial, hearty, rustic
 * 3)  solid, presentable

title: deftig


text: deftiger

title: deftiger


text: deftigst

title: deftigst


text:
User:Conrad.Irwin/subsectionpreload.js

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div.innerHTML = ""; div.appendChild(newNode('b', "Loading, '" + section_title + "' from Archive. Please wait."))

JsMwApi.page(page_title).parse(function (section, result)       {            if (!result || !result.parse || !result.parse.revid)            {                div.innerHTML = "";                div.appendChild(newNode('b',"Could not find '" + section_title + "' in Archives. Sorry."));            }            else            {                div.innerHTML = section;                div.insertBefore(newNode('b', "This is an archived discussion from ",                     newNode('a', {href:wgArticlePath.replace("%s", encodeURIComponent(page_title))}, page_title),                    newNode('br')                ), div.firstChild);            }        }); }

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title: User:Conrad.Irwin/subsectionpreload.js


text:
User:The Illusional Ministry

Projects: Wikipedia • Commons • Wikisource • Wiktionary •

title: User:The Illusional Ministry


text:
inwendige

Noun

 * 1) inside

title: inwendige


text:
smeekbede

Etymology
From.

title: smeekbede


text:
zaklantaarn

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) flashlight, torch

title: zaklantaarn


text: zaklantaarns

title: zaklantaarns


text: zaklantaarntje

title: zaklantaarntje


text: zaklantaarntjes

title: zaklantaarntjes


text:
subvertable

Adjective

 * 1) Capable of being subverted.
 * The security at that website is subvertable.

title: subvertable


text:
K⁺

Symbol

 * 1)  a radical cation of potassium with a charge number of 1

title: K⁺


text:
antipútrido

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  Preventing or acting against putrefaction
 * 2) antiseptic

title: antipútrido


text: Category:Spanish terms prefixed with anti-