text:
ǫ

Letter

 * 1) The letter o with a hook, which represents the nasalization:
 * ǫ =
 * ǫ́ =
 * ǫǫ =
 * ǫ́ǫ =
 * ǫǫ́ =
 * ǫ́ǫ́ =

Letter

 * 1) O caudata the 22nd letter of the Old Norse alphabet

Letter

 * 1) A letter of the Osage Latin alphabet. Osage script 𐓪͘.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: ǫ


text:
climatologic

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to climatology.

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) climatological

title: climatologic


text:
clusterization

Noun

 * 1) The formation of clusters; clustering

title: clusterization


text:
contigu

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) adjoining; contiguous

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) adjoining; contiguous

title: contigu


text:
coanalytic

Adjective

 * 1)  Describing the complement of an analytic set or other mathematical entity

title: coanalytic


text:
tłʼiish

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, possibly cognate with Ket.

See also the root.

Noun

 * 1) snake, serpent

Noun

 * 1) snake

title: tłʼiish


text:
cochain

Noun

 * 1)  A cochain complex

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 链复形

title: cochain


text:
tsin naaʼeeł

Etymology
+

Noun

 * 1) ship, vessel
 * 2) boat
 * 3) canoe
 * 4) raft

title: tsin naaʼeeł


text:
cochain complex

Noun

 * 1)  A particular form of a chain complex

title: cochain complex


text:
tsin yiłkaałii

Etymology
+ +

Noun

 * 1) woodpecker

title: tsin yiłkaałii


text:
chain complex

Noun

 * 1)  A sequence of Abelian groups (or modules), together with a sequence of  homomorphisms (called boundary homomorphisms) between consecutive groups, such that the image of one homomorphism is contained in the kernel of the next.

Translations

 * Spanish: complejo de cadenas

title: chain complex


text:
chaaʼ

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬, Sarcee tsxa, Chipewyan tsáá, Beaver chááʼ, Carrier tsaa, Sekani tsáʼ, Ahtna tsaʼ.

Noun

 * 1) beaver
 * 2) tubby, huge, corpulent

title: chaaʼ


text:
jááłánii

Etymology
From +  +.

Noun

 * 1) centipede
 * 2) millipede

title: jááłánii


text:
kááʼtsʼiní

Etymology
+ (nominalizer)

Noun

 * 1) armadillo
 * 2) crocodile, alligator

title: kááʼtsʼiní


text:
chʼagii

Etymology
onomatopoeia +

Noun

 * 1) red-winged blackbird

title: chʼagii


text:
deeteel

Etymology
+

Noun

 * 1) moose

title: deeteel


text:
łį́į́ʼ

Etymology
Of the extant senses, is oldest; the original meaning, retained in Athabaskan cognates, was. Upon the reintroduction of the horse to North America, the Navajo language transferred the usage of to the horse (which became the new favored "pet" in Navajo culture), with the dog being referred to by a derived term,, i.e. pet which eats excrement. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) pet
 * 2) livestock
 * 3) horse

Noun

 * 1) horse

title: łį́į́ʼ


text:
dahiitį́hii

Etymology
+ + . Compare 🇨🇬

Noun

 * 1) hummingbird

title: dahiitį́hii


text:
commensurator

Noun

 * 1)  The number by which two commensurable numbers are divisible an integral number of times

title: commensurator


text:
chʼééh digháhii

Etymology
+ +

Noun

 * 1) turtle, tortoise

title: chʼééh digháhii


text:
tééh łį́į́ʼ

Etymology
+ (a mythological animal).

Noun

 * 1) zebra
 * 2)  sea horse

title: tééh łį́į́ʼ


text:
łóóʼtsoh

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) whale

title: łóóʼtsoh


text:
téél halchíʼí

Etymology
+ (from  + ) +

Noun

 * 1) American robin

title: téél halchíʼí


text:
racemarius

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to grape-stalks; stalky; unfruitful.

title: racemarius


text:
nahasdzáán

Etymology
Literally, "our mother", from +. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) the Earth

title: nahasdzáán


text:
dził

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) mountain
 * 2) mountain range
 * 1) mountain range
 * 1) mountain range

Noun

 * 1) mountain

title: dził


text:
racematio

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) The gleaning of a vineyard, grape-gleaning.

title: racematio


text:
hosh aditsahiitsoh

Etymology
From +  +  +.

Noun

 * 1) saguaro

title: hosh aditsahiitsoh


text:
tiníléí

Noun

 * 1) Gila monster

title: tiníléí


text:
tiníléítsoh

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Komodo dragon
 * 2)  monitor lizard

title: tiníléítsoh


text:
racematus

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) formed in or having clusters or berries

title: racematus


text:
racemifer

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) bearing clusters, clustering, cluster-bearing

title: racemifer


text:
gérontologie

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) gerontology (branch of science)

title: gérontologie


text:
hjertestop

Etymology
From. .

Noun

 * 1) heart failure
 * 2) cardiac arrest

title: hjertestop


text:
Talk:حج

Needs Arabic
Needs Arabic. 24.29.228.33 09:52, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:حج


text:
succosamente

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) juicily
 * 2) pithily

title: succosamente


text:
Talk:DEP

We need a new definition
"DEP" is some Air Force term. The video's summary mentions this: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WLkuQ1c6Wfw&feature=related

Please figure out what that means and enter it on the Entry. Thanks. --LUUSAP 09:59, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

 * ✅ Got "delayed entry program". Equinox ◑ 19:25, 31 March 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:DEP


text:
succosità

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) juiciness
 * 2) pithiness

title: succosità


text:
chambre d'ami

Noun

 * 1) guest room (room in a home set aside for the use of visiting guests)

title: chambre d'ami


text:
náshdóítsoh

Noun

 * 1) cougar, puma, mountain lion

title: náshdóítsoh


text:
speciosità

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) speciousness

title: speciosità


text:
speciosamente

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) speciously

title: speciosamente


text: commensurators

title: commensurators


text:
convolutional

Adjective

 * Of, pertaining to, or causing convolution.

title: convolutional


text:
-path

Etymology
From.

Suffix

 * sociopath
 * osteopath
 * osteopath
 * osteopath

Derived terms

 * Category:English terms suffixed with -path

Translations

 * Finnish: -paatti
 * Hungarian: -pata
 * Irish: -patach
 * Polish: -pata
 * Portuguese:

 * Finnish: -paatti
 * Hungarian: -pata,
 * Irish: -pat
 * Polish: -pata
 * Portuguese:

title: -path


text:
cosmographic

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to cosmography.

Translations

 * Italian:

title: cosmographic


text: counterterms

title: counterterms


text:
أرق

Verb

 * 1) to be sleepless

Verb

 * 1) to make sleepless
 * 2) * 13th Century CE, Al-Busiri, Qasīdat al-Burda:

Noun

 * 1)  insomnia
 * 1)  insomnia

Etymology 2
of.

Adjective

 * 1) thinner, slimmer; thinnest, slimmest
 * 2) more delicate; most delicate
 * 3) softer; softest
 * 1) softer; softest

title: أرق


text:
counterterm

Noun

 * 1) antithesis
 * 2) antonym
 * 3)  A term added to an equation or formula that exactly cancels the contribution of another term which diverges.

title: counterterm


text: hjertestoppet

title: hjertestoppet


text: hjertestoppene

title: hjertestoppene


text: hjertestops

title: hjertestops


text: hjertestoppets

title: hjertestoppets


text: hjertestoppenes

title: hjertestoppenes


text: Category:English terms suffixed with -path


text: covariantisation

title: covariantisation


text:
covariantization

Noun

 * 1)  The process of covariantizing.

title: covariantization


text:
covariantize

Verb

 * 1)  To make covariant.

title: covariantize


text: gémìng

title: gémìng


text: cuboctohedral

title: cuboctohedral


text:
cuboctahedral

Adjective

 * 1)  Of, pertaining to, or having the form of a cuboctahedron

title: cuboctahedral


text: φράζειν

title: φράζειν


text:
decomposability

Noun

 * 1)  The condition of being decomposable
 * 2)  The extent to which something is decomposable

Translations

 * Polish: rozkładalność

title: decomposability


text: shíhou

title: shíhou


text:
deconfining

Adjective

 * 1)  Of, pertaining to or causing deconfinement.

title: deconfining


text:
dilatonic

Adjective

 * 1)  Of or pertaining to a dilaton.

title: dilatonic


text:
User:DCDuring/English words ending in path

 * absolute path
 * 1) allopath
 * approach path
 * bang path
 * base path, basepath
 * bridle path
 * by-path
 * by path
 * critical path
 * eightfold path
 * 1) empath
 * feldspath
 * felspath
 * flare path
 * flight path
 * footpath
 * generated occlusal path
 * glide path
 * hamiltonian path
 * 1) homeopath
 * 2) homoeopath
 * 3) hydropath
 * mean free path
 * multipath
 * naprapath
 * 1) naturopath
 * 2) neuropath
 * on the warpath
 * optical path
 * 1) osteopath
 * primrose path
 * 1) psychopath
 * shining path
 * 1) sociopath
 * 2) sympath
 * 3) telepath
 * towing path
 * towpath
 * warpath
 * xpath


text:
dilepton

Noun

 * 1)  A combination of the particle and antiparticle forms of two leptons of the same flavour

title: dilepton


text:
dimensionalization

Noun

 * 1) The process of dimensionalizing

title: dimensionalization


text:
pierre de lune

Noun

 * 1) moonstone (translucent gemstone)

title: pierre de lune


text:
Mondstein

Noun

 * 1) moonstone (translucent gemstone)

title: Mondstein


text:
-pata

Etymology
.

Suffix

 * 1) -path

Suffix

 * 1) -path

Etymology
From.

Suffix

 * 1) -path

Suffix

 * 1) -path

title: -pata


text:
homoeopath

Etymology
Transliteration of.

title: homoeopath


text:
racemor

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to glean
 * 2)  to treat of in a supplementary manner

title: racemor


text:
dipion

Noun

 * 1)  A combination of the particle and antiparticle forms of two pions of the same flavour.

title: dipion


text: racemari

title: racemari


text: dipions

title: dipions


text:
divulsion

Noun

 * 1) The act of separating by force, especially by dilation or pulling apart.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:

title: divulsion


text:
dualizable

Adjective

 * 1) Able to be dualized.

title: dualizable


text:
racemosus

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) full of clusters, clustering

title: racemosus


text:
dualize

Verb

 * 1)  To make dual, to find or consider the dual item of a given one.
 * 2)  To impose a dual structure on a family of objects so that it becomes possible to take a dual.
 * 3)  To transform into a dual carriageway.

Translations

 * French:

title: dualize


text:
dualization

Noun

 * 1) The process of dualizing

title: dualization


text:
eikonalized

Adjective

 * 1)  Converted to eikonal form

Related terms

 * eikonalization

title: eikonalized


text:
electroproduction

Noun

 * 1)  the production of a molecular species (e.g. a radical or ion) by means of electricity (or electrons)

title: electroproduction


text:
fallrate

Noun

 * 1) The rate (velocity) of fall.

title: fallrate


text:
fibered

Adjective

 * 1)  Having fibers/fibres.

authors: Celui qui crée ébauches de football anglais

title: fibered


text: fieldshift

title: fieldshift


text:
field shift

Noun

 * 1)  The portion of an isotope shift produced by the changing shape of a nucleus upon the addition of a neutron

title: field shift


text:
vocifération

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) vociferation

title: vocifération


text:
mass shift

Noun

 * 1)  The portion of an isotope shift produced by the changing mass of a nucleus upon the addition of a neutron

title: mass shift


text:
functorial

Adjective

 * 1)  Of or pertaining to a functor

Translations

 * Icelandic:, varpa-
 * Portuguese: funtorial

title: functorial


text: nogle

title: nogle


text: vociférations

title: vociférations


text:
galactocentric

Adjective

 * 1) Having a galactic center at its center.
 * 2) Having an entire galaxy at its center.
 * 3)  Of or relating to, the theory according to which the Milky Way is at or near the center of the Universe.
 * 1) Having an entire galaxy at its center.
 * 2)  Of or relating to, the theory according to which the Milky Way is at or near the center of the Universe.
 * 1)  Of or relating to, the theory according to which the Milky Way is at or near the center of the Universe.

Usage notes
The Solar System orbits around the but not around the edges of this galaxy.

Translations

 * Arabic: مَجَرِّيّ الْمَرْكَز
 * French: galactocentrique
 * Italian: galattocentrico
 * Persian: کهکشان‌مرکزی
 * Russian: галактоцентрический
 * Spanish: galactocéntrico
 * Tajik: каҳкашонмарказӣ
 * Turkish: galaksi merkezli

title: galactocentric


text:
helioseismic

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to helioseismology.
 * 2) Caused by vibrations in the sun.

title: helioseismic


text: hermitian

title: hermitian


text: market foreclosures

title: market foreclosures


text:
heteroclinic

Adjective

 * 1)  Describing a path between two points of equilibrium

title: heteroclinic


text: fallrates

title: fallrates


text: higgsino

title: higgsino


text:
homoclinic

Adjective

 * 1)  Describing a path that starts and ends at the same point of equilibrium
 * 2)  Relating to a homocline

title: homoclinic


text: higgsinos

title: higgsinos


text: mass shifts

title: mass shifts


text: field shifts

title: field shifts


text: fieldshifts

title: fieldshifts


text:
homotopically

Adverb

 * 1) In a homotopic manner

title: homotopically


text: dualizes

title: dualizes


text: dualizing

title: dualizing


text: divulsions

title: divulsions


text: dualized

title: dualized


text:
hyperelasticity

Noun

 * 1)  The condition of being hyperelastic
 * 2)  The extent to which something is hyperelastic

title: hyperelasticity


text: dualise

title: dualise


text: dualises

title: dualises


text: dualising

title: dualising


text: dualised

title: dualised


text:
Talk:dualize

Definition is a bit vague; isn't it also used in philosophy? Mglovesfun (talk) 11:46, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:dualize


text: hyperelasticities

title: hyperelasticities


text:
hyperelastic

Adjective

 * 1)  Describing an ideally elastic material for which the stress-strain relationship derives from a strain energy density function
 * 2)  Exceptionally elastic

Derived terms

 * porohyperelastic

title: hyperelastic


text:
hyperfinite

Adjective

 * 1)  Both finite and approximately finite dimensional

title: hyperfinite


text: 网民

title: 网民


text: hypermatrices

title: hypermatrices


text:
網民

Noun

 * 1) netizen; someone who uses the Internet

title: 網民


text:
hypermatrix

Noun

 * 1)  A generalization of a matrix to a multidimensional array

title: hypermatrix


text:
inapproximability

Noun

 * 1)  The condition of being inapproximable
 * 2)  The extent to which something is inapproximable

title: inapproximability


text:
inapproximable

Adjective

 * 1)  Unable to be approximated

title: inapproximable


text: émergences

title: émergences


text: 以太网

title: 以太网


text:
以太網

Noun

 * 1)  Ethernet

title: 以太網


text:
évanouissement

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) fainting

title: évanouissement


text: évanouissements

title: évanouissements


text:
infinitary

Adjective

 * 1)  Of or pertaining to expressions of infinite length

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 无穷的

title: infinitary


text: integrands

title: integrands


text: linaires

title: linaires


text:
sjöman

Noun

 * 1) a sailor, a seaman, a mariner

title: sjöman


text:
intercollision

Adjective

 * 1)  Between collisions

title: intercollision


text:
intercycle

Adjective

 * 1) Between cycles

Noun

 * 1)  The interval during which the operation of a punched card device was halted to allow time for processing of card contents

title: intercycle


text:
fartyg

Etymology
, like 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬

Noun

 * 1) a ship or boat, a vessel

title: fartyg


text: promontoires

title: promontoires


text: hydravions

title: hydravions


text: interstitials

title: interstitials


text: Category:French terms prefixed with hydro-


text:
øyra

Etymology 1
From, from the voiced Verner alternant of , from.

Alternative forms

 * , (bracket forms)
 * , (bracket forms)

Noun

 * 1)  ear (organ of hearing)

Etymology 2
From. See also.

Verb

 * 1)  to dig up the bottom of a stream or river
 * 2) to cover with gravel

title: øyra


text:
intracluster

Adjective

 * 1) Within a cluster

Related terms

 * intraclustering

title: intracluster


text:
intracycle

Adjective

 * 1) Within a cycle

title: intracycle


text:
intragranular

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) Within a granule

title: intragranular


text: hydroptères

title: hydroptères


text:
歌劇

Noun

 * 1) (Western style) opera

Noun

 * 1) opera

title: 歌劇


text: invariances

title: invariances


text:
kryssningsfartyg

Etymology
🇰🇲

Noun

 * 1) cruise ship

title: kryssningsfartyg


text:
戲曲

Noun

 * 1) Chinese opera

title: 戲曲


text:
isospectral

Adjective

 * 1)  Having the same spectrum

Translations

 * Finnish: isospektrinen
 * German: isospektral
 * Polish: izo-spektralny

title: isospectral


text:
øyre

Etymology 1
From, plural , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) property, goods
 * 2)  an øre

title: øyre


text:
isotonicity

Noun

 * 1) The state of being isotonic, or extent to which something is isotonic.

Translations

 * Czech: izotonie

title: isotonicity


text:
magnetoelectrics

Noun

 * 1)  The study of magnetoelectricity
 * 2) Materials that exhibit a magnetoelectric effect.

title: magnetoelectrics


text:
magnetohydrodynamical

Adjective

 * 1) magnetohydrodynamic

title: magnetohydrodynamical


text:
maxitive

Adjective

 * 1)  Describing a certain class of nonnegative functions of countable disjoint sets

title: maxitive


text: meminductors

title: meminductors


text:
meminductor

Noun

 * 1)  A passive nonlinear electrical element that exhibits meminductance

title: meminductor


text:
meromorphy

Noun

 * 1) The condition of being meromorphic.

title: meromorphy


text: monochalcogenides

title: monochalcogenides


text:
monochalcogenide

Noun

 * 1)  Any chalcogenide that has a single chalcogen atom per molecule or unit cell

title: monochalcogenide


text: multifractals

title: multifractals


text: ynskje

title: ynskje


text: ønskja

title: ønskja


text: ønskje

title: ønskje


text:
multifragmentation

Noun

 * 1)  multiple fragmentation, especially of atomic nuclei during spallation

title: multifragmentation


text:
ynske

Etymology
From, from , from. The 'n' was re-added under the influence of (compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬).

Noun

 * 1) a wish, desire
 * 2) a friendly thought or wish for someone else
 * 1) a friendly thought or wish for someone else

title: ynske


text:
repiquer

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to pinch; to steal again
 * 2) to puncture again
 * 3)  to replant

title: repiquer


text:
dualiser

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to dualize

title: dualiser


text:
User talk:Dan Polansky/2007

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * Wiktionary Tutorial
 * How to edit a page
 * How to start a page
 * Our format guidelines
 * Criteria for inclusion
 * Wiktionary Sandbox (a safe place for testing syntax)
 * What Wiktionary is not
 * FAQ

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk (discussion) and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~, which automatically produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the beer parlour or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Connel MacKenzie 18:26, 1 January 2007 (UTC)

Category:Translations to be checked (Czech)
If you have a moment, we have this cleanup category that could really use your help! --Connel MacKenzie 21:09, 4 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Okay, thanks for telling me. I will have a look it when I find time. --Daniel Polansky 21:11, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

Translation of flag
Hello Daniel, the French Wiktionary only mentions prapor as Czech translation for flag. Reta Vortaro only mentions flajka. And www.logos.it mentions both. What do you think? 84.197.170.240 07:37, 6 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Hello anonymous, flajka is definitely wrong; the correct spelling is vlajka. Regarding prapor, it can be used as an expression for flag; still I would translate prapor mainly as banner. --Daniel Polansky 07:53, 6 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Thank you, flajka should be vlakja. My apologies! 84.197.170.240 08:13, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

Translation Templates
I noticed you removed the collapsible translation templates from your templates on your user page. You commented, "(I don't think I like the folded translations, so remove them from my template)." I don't like them either, but people like us have been outvoted at Votes/pl-2006-12/"Change style standard to use new trans-top style templates", so it would be helpful to use them. Supposedly, you can set your preferences to have them always open (like the old ones), but implementation of that seems to be somewhat spotty still. — V-ball 17:26, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

 * So I will stick to the recommended new translation templates too. Thank you for referring me to the results of the vote. --Daniel Polansky 16:08, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

Declensions
P.S. It was sad to see you don't have time for declensions because they are so critically important in all Slavic languages. It's great to have someone else working on Czech stuff, though. :-)

 * Can I help you with the declensions template for Czech because I really need it to not have to add every case for noun, verb and adjective ? By the way, I am French but I need to learn Czech and want to help to make at least one real translation Czech dictionary on the web as it actually doesn't exist apart from the very simple Seznam. Thanks. - Thomas

 * Thomas, Wiktionary can be edited by anyone, including you. Please see also Welcome%2C_newcomers. --Daniel Polansky 17:42, 9 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Sorry, I mixed up with the previous section so I thought you had already done some templates then delete them and I wanted to see them. I didn't need the page Welcome%2C_newcomers but the page Help:Template. I have done a first template for word like pán. Do you find it accurate and useful ? Should I continue ? Prepositional singular of pán seems false according to this model of declension. --Thomas 21:47, 9 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Thomas, I am unsure whether I understand what you are saying, and what I can do for you. I am not planning to add any declensions myself. I do not know whether the template is useful; I am not going to use it. --Daniel Polansky 21:13, 9 October 2007 (UTC)

Changes to cs-noun-prep template
Daniel, I saw the cs-noun templeate was changed to cs-noun-decl. I have no problem with the name change. However, I do not understand your changes to the template itself. There is no reason it should be hidden. No other language on English Wiktionary that I can find hides their declension or conjugation tables. I do not see why the Czech entries should be different. The declensions and conjugations are very important parts of entries. Also, why the change in the look? The other (colored) look was much more standard with other entries across Wiktionary. Also, why remove the numbers on the declension table? Since most Czechs refer to the cases by their numbers and not by their grammatical names, having the number there is very helpful for non-native speakers when they want to discuss a word with a native Czech.

Awaiting your reply. — V-ball 23:03, 17 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Hi V-ball, I understand that you preferred the template the way it originally was, as that was the way you have designed it. Still, I have found the declension table too conspicuous, which is why I have performed all the changes. IMHO declensions are no more important than the other information, like synonyms, antonyms and related terms, yet they had an appearance that made them look like the most important information at the page. Put differently, the declension table was the most remarkable visual element of the page.

 * Right now, declensions are rendered as that important as synonyms, antonyms and related terms; that is to say, they are treated equally.

 * Regarding folding: that other languages too have too conspicuous declension tables is true enough. I have not dared to change their templates, as I do not contribute to these languages significantly. I still think that at some point, their declension templates should be made less conspicuous or foldable too. Case in point: Bosnian and Croatian.

 * Regarding the numbering of the cases, some other languages have declension templates without numbering, like Bosnian and Croatian. I find the numbering superflous, despite being a Czech native who has never learned the latin-based names of the cases, only the numbers. I assume people can number the rows in their mind and see that the fifth row in the table is the fifth, without seeing the number. But maybe you are right; I have no experience with discussing the Czech language with foreigners.

 * Regarding the colors, I would not say that the original pink and light cyan were much more standard. I am unaware that pink would be used in any English entries in Wikipedia. What would really be standard is the table styled using, as you can see in the conjugation table of, say, psát, and in the inflection table of to be. If the declension table for Czech nouns would be (a) foldable, and (b) looking like the inflection table in to  be, that would be perfectly all right with me.

 * I do not insist on the exact changes that I have done. I hope we will be able to arrive to an agreement, perhaps a compromise. For instance, once the tables are foldable, how they are visually designed within the folds becomes irrelevant to the overall appearance of the page before the reader has unfolded anything. --Daniel Polansky 08:02, 18 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I wasn't saying my colors were better, but just that I'd seen colors used more often than not. The colors are probably the least important part, though.

 * As for the numbers, probably the part of medium importance, I still would keep them. Some other languages don't have them because native speakers of those languages don't use them (e.g., Russian; if I asked a native Russian speaker about a word in the 4th case, he'd look at me with a weird look and wonder what the heck I was talking about).  Czechs use the numbers and that information, I think, is important for us non-natives as we learn and discuss matters with natives.

 * Lastly, the most important issue. The declensions, I think, cannot be foldable.  Since the declension is actually part of a word, it is more important than synonyms, etc., which are not part of the actual word.  When a native English speaker looks up a word in a foreign language (we must always remember we're working on the English Wiktionary here, different principles will apply on the Wiktionaries in other languages), he expects to see a translation first and information on things like plurals, declensions, and conjugations second.  Since declension tables contain plurals as well as declensions, they are vitally important to an entry page and cannot be foldable.

 * I would say that we need to keep the declension tables on the entry page and not have them foldable. If not having colors helps keep the declension out of a fold, then let's not have colors. — V-ball 08:53, 18 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Okay, I admit that I am an English non-native, so my ability to see the point of view of an English native speaker is lower. Still, for me, making the declension table foldable is quite important. If it need be, the plural of the word can be listed at the headword, like it is in dítě. If your requirement of having the table non-foldable is shared by other English native speakers, then so be it. But until then, I am unsure whether you are not pushing your personal preference, as I for sure am doing to an extent myself ;).

 * I can live with the numbers in the table, especially if it is foldable.

 * The trouble that I see is that tables by and large are conspicious. When people quickly skim over printed material, they sometimes only look at tables, figures and boxes. It is difficult to design a table in such a way that it does not stand out too much. That is why I think these declesion tables should better be foldable. --Daniel Polansky 09:14, 18 November 2007 (UTC)

 * After a few weeks away from time to look at Wiktionary, I'm back to thinking about this, and I'm all for a smaller, less-conspicuous declension table (e.g., no bold fonts, not so many colors). However, I think it cannot be foldable.  Since the Wiktionary is more-or-less standard with definitions/translations at the top of the entry, users see that first and then scroll down if they want more information.  They know that stuff below the definitions is additional.  Just because there's a table, they won't skip the definitions if they're looking for a definition.  Having to make the user click for more information for so many parts of Wiktionary is just not helpful (but that's another debate).

 * I'm willing to take this to a larger forum (beer parlor or something) if we think that someone besides us two cares about this. It's just that since the declensions are integral parts of the entry for words in a declined language, I think they've got to be there, esp. for learners of the language in question. — V-ball 20:48, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

Foldability of declesion tables
I prefer foldable declension tables, hoping I am not alone. Elements of reasoning:
 * The declension tables are conspicuous. Tables in general are difficult to be made inconspicuous.
 * The declension tables are possibly wide and high, though the one for Czech currently is not all that bad; some languages have larger tables.
 * Because of that, when the declension tables are unfolded, user has to scroll down to see the other information below, unlike when they are folded. This is my personal experience.
 * The declension tables are something additional. They would not be found in a printed dictionary; there, probably only declension pattern would be stated.
 * Synonyms are IMHO more useful for most Wiktionary users than declension tables. At least, I do not see that declension table is substantially more important than synonyms, antonyms, derived terms and related terms.

--Daniel Polansky 08:42, 4 December 2007 (UTC)

I would prefer the declension tables to not be foldable.
 * I don't find them conspicuous at all, even when they were brightly colored.
 * I don't find scrolling to be a problem. In fact, I am much more likely to look up a non-English word (I'm a native speaker of English, not of any other languages I know or study) and want to know information that is directly about that word such as the definition/translation and its declined or conjugated forms than what the words synonyms, etc., are.
 * I recognize the tables as additional, as Daniel pointed out, but that's the beauty of Wiktionary — it doesn't have to conform to what we might expect in a paper dictionary. That's why it could even be argued to be better.  Paper dictionaries rely on tables in an appendix and can never account for the many exceptions in any given language.  A declension or conjugation table on each page takes care of that very smoothly.
 * I think the argument about what is more useful is a personal one (probably like how they look). My personal experience says I need to know how words in Czech, Russian, Slovak, and Armenian decline much more often than I am looking up a synonym for one of those words.

— V-ball 16:53, 7 December 2007 (UTC)

Czech translation help
Could you please verify the Czech translation for Central Europe and also add the Czech translations for the words listen and round? Thanks. --EncycloPetey 22:03, 15 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I have fixed the translation for Central Europe by downcasing the first letter, resulting in střední Evropa; as strage as this may seem to be, that is correct. I have added translations to the other two guys at those meaning where I was confident about them. --Daniel Polansky 00:15, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Thank you very much for all the work you have done. I am very glad to see someone working on Czech language entries. --EncycloPetey 02:05, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

 * It is my pleasure :). --Daniel Polansky 05:11, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

Formatting of TTBC sections
Please remember to add a =====Translations to be checked===== section heading before each when you add it. Thanks! --Connel MacKenzie 22:54, 13 May 2007 (UTC)

 * All right; I'll do it. --Daniel Polansky 11:36, 14 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, bad timing, I guess. Now it is, instead of heading+.  Please be more careful not to create TTBC sections when they are not needed.  Splitting up sub-senses is not always a good approach, unless you are positive the word is used that way in English.  Right now, phlegm is a mess (no pun intended) and it is not immediately apparent how to recombine the definitions.  --Connel MacKenzie 03:58, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Okay. I'll use the new template. --Daniel Polansky 08:35, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

Unnecessary TTBC sections
(The topic is continued from above.)

For example, centrifuge is directly translated; the secondary sense is not distinct (actually doesn't belong there at all; perhaps merely as an example sentence.) --Connel MacKenzie 22:51, 16 February 2008 (UTC)

 * So what would you recommend me in the case of centrifuge? Should I have moved the French translation into the translation table? Or should I have used different heading in the translation table, instead of "device for separatiton of substances"? Or should I have avoided using the folding translation table at all? I am confused. --Daniel Polansky 08:18, 17 February 2008 (UTC)

 * One problem is that I am a non-native, unable to form such judgments as you are able, like that the secondary sense of centrifuge is not distinct. Ever since you have pointed out to me that I am entering too many TTBC sections, I have tried to refrain from entering them at least in some cases. --Daniel Polansky 08:24, 17 February 2008 (UTC)

Czech help
Hi Daniel. Would you mind having a look at the articles at Transwiki:Rada, Transwiki:Cuda, and Transwiki:Bojan and cleaning them up and moving them into the main namespace if warranted? They're not all exclusively Czech, but I figure you might have a good idea what to do with them. Thanks. Dmcdevit·t 08:56, 19 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Hi, as regards rada, I have created a Czech entry, with some meanings missing though. I do not know the other two expressions. The three mentioned articles have little to do with Czech. --Daniel Polansky 09:06, 19 May 2007 (UTC)

Appendix:Official languages of the European Union matrix
Could you please verify the Czech translations in this table? And could you add the Czech word for Romanian? Thanks, --EncycloPetey 06:11, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Done. Verified. The Czech translation for Romanian added. The Czech translation for Dutch replaced with a more frequent one. --Daniel Polansky 06:21, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

Reflexive verbs
It appears to me that the common practice is not to include the reflexive pronoun's accusative singular (<, common Slavic) in the article's name, like you've done with mračit se, chlubit se etc., but to indicate reflexiveness with context label in the list of meanings. That way users can look up both reflexive and nonreflexive meanings of a verb at one place.

BTW, you could save yourself some typing by using + get categorization for free. Also check out the missing Czech entries in Appendix:Swadesh lists for Slavic languages :P --Ivan Štambuk 14:19, 13 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks Ivan; I was just wrestling with how to handle these reflexive verbs. Can you please refer me to some entries with both reflexive and nonreflexive uses in other Slavic languages? Also, was there any discussion or policy regarding reflexive verbs?

 * In Russian, the "se" (sja) is even a part of suffix, so the reflexive verbs have their own entry per infinitive form. Examples: издаваться, изъясняться, использоваться; for more, see Category:Russian_verbs.

 * The following categories show dedicated entries for reflexive verbs: Category:Serbian_verbs, Category:Bosnian_verbs, Category:Russian_verbs, Category:Polish_verbs.

 * The argument of the advantage of looking up both reflexive and nonreflexive meanings would have to hold for look for, look at, look after, look forward too, isn't it? Although, I admit that there are many phrasal verbs for look whereas there is at most one reflexive addition to a verb like těšit. --Daniel Polansky 15:19, 13 November 2007 (UTC)

 * This is how I've done it for Croatian: držati.

 * Apparently the policy is to have reflexive forms on the same entry page as non-reflexive, even if they're formed by cliticizing reflexive particle to the verb, so lavarse points back to lavare. East Slavic verbs formed by suffixation of -ся should probably abide by the same rule. As far as I can see, both издаваться and издавать have the same list of meanings, so it could make sense replacing the list of meanings of издаваться with  .

 * Phrasal verbs are usually separated even in paperback dictionaries.. The problem with Slavic reflexive verbs is that they in most cases in reflexive form slightly modify the original meaning, while among English phrasal verbs there's often very little semantic correspondence. --Ivan Štambuk 15:27, 13 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Hi, so
 * I do not think I will change my personal policy based on one example created by you; maybe you should better list entries that you have not created yourself and are not in your mother tongue ;).
 * When asking for a policy, I was not asking what is apparent to you; I was asking whether there actually is any written policy to which other contributors have expressly agreed.
 * I think that the difference of meaning between těšit (to please) and těšit se (to look forward) is considerable; another instance coming to mind is představit (to introduce) and představit si (to imagine). As you can read in my user page, my policy is to enter only those reflexive verbs separately for which the meaning differs; for instance, I have no plan to create dedicated entry for holit se.
 * --Daniel Polansky 15:44, 13 November 2007 (UTC)

See discussions:
 * Beer_parlour_archive/2007/March
 * Beer_parlour_archive/May_06
 * WT:POS on reflexive verbs

Specific policies vary from language to language, depending on whether
 * reflexive particle is separate or cliticized onto the verb
 * reflexive meaning of verb is exactly that of the unreflexive one
 * reflexive version does not have unreflexive match

In Croatian predstaviti and predstaviti si also mean introduce and imagine respectively, but I don't plan to create a separate entry with precisely the same inflections with si appended. In most cases of reflexive/unreflexive pairs, the meanings are precisely the same and duplicating them (like in the Russian entry mentioned above) is just a waste of space. --Ivan Štambuk 16:08, 13 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I guess you have convinced me, although the discussions you have referred me to seem inconclusive to me, showing there is no common agreement accross languages. --Daniel Polansky 17:01, 13 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Just do whatever you think it's best..I'm not trying to "convince" you of anything, I was just making a comment that most reflexive verbs I saw on en.wikt don't in fact include reflexive pronoun in article's name, even when they exclusively used as reflexive verbs (like german sich freuen). Since you're probably the only user regularily adding Czech entries, I don't think anyone will question yor good intentions. Eventually, common agreement should make it's way to About Czech.. Best regards, --Ivan Štambuk 17:36, 13 November 2007 (UTC)

 * An aside: freuen is not used exclusively in reflexive form, as in Das wird ihn nicht freuen. --Daniel Polansky 17:45, 13 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Hmm, I could swear that I've read on at least one place that freuen never comes without corresponding sich. But I don't claim to know German that well anyway, so thanks for the correction ;) --Ivan Štambuk 18:01, 13 November 2007 (UTC)

se vs si
I wonder how to distinguish the following reflexive cases: The meanings differ completely. Also, the spelling is unobvious, if I only write
 * 1) představit se, představit si,
 * 2) prát se, prát si

představit An explanation: se is in accusative whereas si is in dative. --Daniel Polansky 10:23, 14 November 2007 (UTC)
 * 1)  to introduce yourself
 * 2)  to imagine

 * Not only that - in South Slavic (probably in West Slavic too) dative and accusative singular of reflexive particle could almost always be expanded into sebi and sebe respectively. So if one should distinguish between predstaviti and predstaviti se, there should also be an entry on predstaviti sebe.. Both forms are regular and used, although the ordinary dictionaries usually list just the shortened (se) form.

 * Also there's the issue of passive voice ("reflexive impersonal"), where se can be used on almost all intrasitive verbs that have a human nomina agentis, and can be translated roughly as "feek like", "would like to" or "be willing to". I don't think I've seen anywhere on wiktionary separate articles for inflected compound tenses of verbs, so I don't think it would be appropriate to do se for Slavic languages even whey they're semantically basically passive voice.

 * Regarding si, a question: Can in Czech all verbs that bind si (i.e. dative) also bind dative case of other personal pronouns (or other nouns?)? I suspect that (most of them) they can.. If that's true, than the reflexive forms that use si should also be marked with a note that they're usally followed by a dative. In what format? I don't have a clue, and Category:Grammar templates doesn't appear to have something useful inside. As far as I can see from a few examples like Latin, format is usually arbitrary.

 * In Croatian for rare cases such as umisliti, I plan to format the list of meanings as follow:

 * 1)  to imagine
 * 2)  to be conceited
 * 3)  to be conceited
 * 4)  to be conceited (or combine the last two in one line..)

 * Reflexive verbs can be considered a form of transitive verbs, in which object is the reflexive pronouns se, usually in accusative form like any other direct object of any other transitive verb. So for any verb that takes an object not in accusative, I would explicitely make a note of such a fact - same for reflexive verbs. --Ivan Štambuk 13:48, 14 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Maybe there is a misunderstanding. I will put the thing about the dative and the accusative differently:
 * představit si (imagine) means to představit to whom? Answer: si, meaning to yourself. What? Answer: The object of imagination.
 * představit se (introduce) means to představit what? Answer: se, meaning yourself. To whom? Answer: to whomever stands as the indirect object.
 * Regarding your question, I have to admit that I do not understand it.
 * --Daniel Polansky 14:34, 14 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I have now used  in představit, and it looks okay. --Daniel Polansky 14:39, 14 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Looks great ;) Anyway, the question about prát si and similar was: If the reflexive pronoun is the only valid pronoun (or noun?) here; i.e. can you prát mi/ti/němu/ní... If that's the case, than the "reflexive" meaning is just the special case of a verb that usually takes an (indirect) object in dative.

 * Or maybe the dative (or instrumental, sometimes) case of indirect object should be explicitely marked as such? When I think about it, for a verb like umisliti indirect object is optional.. Anyway, do whatever you think it's best :) --Ivan Štambuk 14:53, 14 November 2007 (UTC)

 * So now I understand your question :). In prát si, another person could take the place of si, so prát jí (to wash for her) is a valid term. But that does not work with představit si. --Daniel Polansky 15:08, 14 November 2007 (UTC)

střední Evropa
Hello Daniel. Would you be kind to leave a comment on the talk page, regarding the capitalization of střední? Thanks. --Ivan Štambuk 13:08, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

 * My reply, also posted to the talk page: Reference: pravidla.cz, search for "jižní Evropa". Also, googling shows the spelling "střední Evropa" too, to be found on notable pages like www.radio.cz, but of course only in the middle of the sentence. Admittedly, the Czech Internet contains "Střední Evropa" in the middle of sentences too. Hope this is convincing enough. ;). --Daniel Polansky 13:22, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm not saying that it cannot be found in non-capitalized form, it's just that that refers to central Europe (general sense), not Central Europe (proper noun). Czech wikipedia article uses in text Střední Evropa on lot of places.

 * The article you cite claims that it's not capitalized if used attributively, and this is not attributive meaning of adjective central/střední. Like in Střední Asie, which is listed just above.

 * Also, translations Východní Evropa on Eastern Europe, Severní Evropa on Northern Europe, Jižní Evropa on Southern Europe either prove otherwise, or their first letter should be lowercased as well (which I really doubt is proper).

 * Lots of languages write it that way, and I would really be surprised that the Czech is the exception.. --Ivan Štambuk 13:43, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, I am a non-expert on these grammatical issues. I do not understand what the semantic difference between střední Evropa and Střední Evropa is supposed to be. The Czech Wikipedia has a inconsistent capitalization of střední Evropa, so it is a non-reference. If you happen to have a source for your proposals, you are welcome. But if you only provide speculations, which I, a non-expert, cannot be supposed to refute in case they contain errors, I would propose that we stick to the only sourced variant, which is střední Evropa. --Daniel Polansky 14:17, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

 * But it shouldn't be used "consistently", because those two mean different things. You can say, for example, that "most countries in central Europe belong to Central Europe".

 * The jižní Evropa form you sourced is refering to attributive usage of an adjective, which is not the case here. It even writes Střední Asie in the same sentance, which is basically the same way of geopolitical categorization.

 * If the proper noun is to be written střední Evropa, than you also must correct Czech translations on Eastern Europe, Northern Europe and Southern Europe. --Ivan Štambuk 15:04, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Ivan, if you have a source for the claim that there is a geographical object Střední Evropa, which happens to lie at střední Evropa, and that the term Střední Evropa is indeed used in this way in the Czech language, then I think the dispute is over ;). --Daniel Polansky 15:18, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

 * No, I don't have access to any other Czech orthography other than the one you already mentioned, and even that one cites it supporting my interpretation. I find it rather dubious to write Střední Asie and at the same time střední Evropa. But whatever, it's not my problem to chase improperly capitalized Czech proper nouns. I was just making a benevolent remark regarding the incosistency in translation table. Hope you will support your thesis further by uncapitalizing other translations ;) Cheers --Ivan Štambuk 19:44, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

picture
An IP-anon just added a picture to your user page ... Robert Ullmann 11:18, 14 December 2007 (UTC)

schránka -> Schrank?
Do you think that schránka may be derived from German Schrank, which has etymology: Old High German scranc? It seems like it fits to me. Mutante 13:42, 22 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Hi, schránka is most probably derived from schraňovat, related to ochraňovat and chránit, not from Schrank. But that I do not know for sure. Do you have a source for your hypothesis that it is derived from Schrank? --Daniel Polansky 13:46, 22 December 2007 (UTC)

 * No, admittedly I have no other source for the hypothesis besides that it sounds and looks very similar and has a similar meaning. Mutante 13:49, 22 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Mind you, "i" is written "I" in English. Also, "german" is written "German". And "Dont" is written "Don't". As you can check in here in Wiktionary ;). --Daniel Polansky 13:53, 22 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Fixed. ;) Mutante 13:54, 22 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Okay. So as regards your unverified hypothesis, I also have one, stated above. Until these hypotheses are verified, they should better stay out of Wiktionary, shouldn't they? --Daniel Polansky

 * Okay. Because i was not sure about it, i never added it to Etymology, but only to Related terms. But agreed, leave it like this then. Mutante 13:58, 22 December 2007 (UTC)

User page edits
I was going to revert the edits to your user page, but I figured I would drop you a line instead since they seem to be semi-useful (at least the ones that aren't adding the stupid picture). If you leave them, you should know I'm not an admin. ;-) Globish 21:00, 25 December 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dan Polansky/2007