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Wiktionary:Votes/2008-01/IPA for English r

IPA for English r

 * Voting on: For the pronunciation of English terms, agreement to use the specific IPA character instead of  for the r phoneme in words like,  and.
 * Edited and deadline extended. DAVilla 17:13, 27 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Initial wording: For the pronunciation of English terms, agreement to use the more specific IPA character for r, such as or, instead of  as a more general transcription. DAVilla 03:36, 23 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Suggested rewording: For the pronunciation of English terms, agreement to use the more specific IPA character for r, instead of, as a more general transcription. DAVilla 11:49, 26 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Vote ends: 9 March 12 March 2008 24:00 UTC
 * Vote starts: 24 January 2008 0:00 UTC

 * Discussion:
 * [[Image:Wikt rei-artur3.svg|20px]] WT:BP
 * [[Image:Wikt rei-artur3.svg|20px]] Wiktionary Talk:Pronunciation
 * [[Image:Wikt rei-artur3.svg|20px]] This vote's talk page.

Support

 * 1) [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]] Support! Using  as a replacement for the correct  is not justifiable.  It is very confusing,  as the alveolar trill,  (represented by the letters "rr" in Spanish), doesn't even exist in English. The sound  is the alveolar approximant, which is not the same. It can be baffling to anyone who doesn't speak English, especially a language which contains either the trill, the approximant, or both, because it implies that English does have, when no major dialect of English even has the sound. This may embarass someone, or get them laughed at, and we can only thank the Open Dictionary Of Wrong International Phonetic Alphabet Pronunciation (ODOWIPAP) for not learning proper phonics.  We are supposed to be very proper, accurate, and precise with the pronunciations of words, especially in English (name any other lanuages with as complex an orthography), because of its contradictory and flawed orthography. Because of this obstruction in learning English, we should be careful with how we transcribe words (i.e., correct IPA without trivial differences like a phonemic set that is used as an excuse to justify what is improper). It is troublesome enough to learn English, let alone to be unsure about the pronunciation and have to try it anyway. If certain regionally specific pronunciations really are such a problem, then why not just signify the different regional pronunciations?  As if there isn't enough confusion as to how words in English are pronounced, place names can be hard to find out to pronounce as well, and we should also be precise in them (not using any improper IPA, such as using the English Orthography as IPA like  to represent  or ,  while truly meaning  pr , or this example,  while meaning to use . So using two different symbols to represent two different phonemes gets my Support! Ionas Freeman (自人) 04:26, 24 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Please see Pronunciation, which I recently edited to explain the difference between phonetic and phonemic transcription. Rod (A. Smith) 19:23, 24 January 2008 (UTC)
 * So do I understand that is supposed to mean  for an American speaker? That seems like a hack to me, maybe a standard one, but a hack nonetheless. DAVilla 21:33, 24 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes, most Americans pronounce as  or  or, depending on speaker and context.  It's not a hack, but a very interesting area of linguistics.  Each language has a nice, tidy little set of phonemes that yield a rich inventory of sounds, governed by context.  By employing both high fidelity phonetic transcriptions and carefully planned phonemic transcriptions in each entry, we can show two complementary aspects of the headword's pronunciation: a precise physical version that linguists can read to learn the detailed sound qualities of words and a more abstract version that non-technical readers who already speak the target language can use with very little study.  Rod (A. Smith) 23:53, 24 January 2008 (UTC)
 * 1) [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]] What he said. Support DAVilla 06:31, 24 January 2008 (UTC)
 * 2) [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]] Support Widsith 10:04, 24 January 2008 (UTC)
 * 3) [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]] Support Cynewulf 10:17, 24 January 2008 (UTC) Still. Cynewulf 17:48, 27 January 2008 (UTC)
 * 4) [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]] Support Atelaes 18:50, 25 January 2008 (UTC)Atelaes 18:30, 27 January 2008 (UTC)
 * 5) [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]] Support Keene 12:19, 26 January 2008 (UTC) If it makes us bitches to the IPA, that's not a bad thing. I'm all for being correct. Previously stricken after rewording, unstricken on 31 Jan 2008
 * I'm going to have to take back this support - I'm confused. --Keene 17:45, 27 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I guess an example would have been even clearer. The pronunciation of red, for instance, would be:
 * Pronunciation
 * Homophones: read (past tense/participle).
 * instead of, as it is now. The arguments for and against, on the other hand, those are tricky. Of course I'm opinionated on this, but essentially the primary argument for is that the current method could confuse the international audience, and against that the suggested change could confuse our English audience.  is easier and therefore more prevalent even for most transcriptions of English. Neither is technically incorrect, although for a bracketed specific dialect like General American,  would be incorrect (edit:) highly misleading: IPA stipulates  for that sound.  DAVilla 18:26, 27 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Well, /r/ could confuse the English-speaking audience as well, if they assume our IPA is accurate, or at least fairly consistent between languages. —Ruakh TALK 19:06, 27 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes, consistency between languages is a good way to put it. I was generalizing greatly, assuming the question wouldn't arise for English speakers like Connel who would prefer to see a character they recognize anyway. But then that's what we have enPR for, isn't it?
 * By the way, has this issue come up on Wikipedia, and how did they handle it? They don't seem to give many pronunciations for English headwords, if any. DAVilla 19:28, 27 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Cool, that makes sense. I re-support. Of course we should be IPA bitches. --Keene 19:55, 31 January 2008 (UTC)
 * 1) [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]] Support EncycloPetey 19:02, 27 January 2008 (UTC) I am supporting the edited version of the vote. I agree with both sides that either the current approach or the suggested new approach would be technically correct under IPA rules, but prefer the use of  because of our international and interlingual content. --EncycloPetey 19:02, 27 January 2008 (UTC)
 * 2) [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]] Support —msh210 ℠ 05:13, 28 January 2008 (UTC)
 * 3) [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]] Support — Beobach972 17:02, 28 January 2008 (UTC) It seems that the deadline for voting has passed (or has it?), but I'll still note that I support this proposal. — Beobach972 17:02, 28 January 2008 (UTC)
 * No, this is a very new vote still. DAVilla 22:56, 28 January 2008 (UTC)
 * 1) [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]] Support — [ ric ] opiaterein — 02:03, 1 February 2008 (UTC) Use the right symbols! :)
 * 2) [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]] Support Conrad.Irwin 20:51, 1 February 2008 (UTC) From hours of discussion (on wikt and IRC) it seems that this is (if only slightly) more correct.
 * 3) [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]] Support Neskaya talk 06:55, 3 February 2008 (UTC)
 * 4) [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]] Support Wytukaze 20:06, 3 February 2008 (UTC) Not for any of the internationalisation issues, necessarily, but just for the sake of attempting to represent the various phones as closely as possible under one phoneme - we can get closer than /r/, I mean. Plus, our pronunciation key has given /ɹ/ as our phoneme for a long time. --Wytukaze 20:06, 3 February 2008 (UTC)
 * 5) [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]] Support--Makaokalani 13:51, 4 February 2008 (UTC)
 * 6) [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]] Support  Consistency in usage is crucial, and in a multilingual environment such as ours, the only way we could represent both Spanish r and English r appropriately without confusion is to switch to /ɹ/ for English r, in my opinion. ArielGlenn 06:38, 11 February 2008 (UTC)
 * [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]] Support - Many English dictionaries do not bother to make this distinction because the value of /r/ is understood in context even if it is not the right symbol. However, as we have English and non-English words on the same page, we should really avoid using /r/ for English red when it is also being used for Spanish red (although, as I understand it, the "r" in the latter is a flap, /ɾ/). I've always been slightly uncomfortable with using "r" for all "r" sounds. Support withdrawn after discussion with Rod (A. Smith) . — Paul G 16:19, 16 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I think, if this is carried, we also need to distinguish between UK and US "r"s (/ɹ/ for the former; Wikipedia says that /ɻ/ is used in "some varieties of American English", but what is the symbol for "r" in General American?) in the same way that we already distinguish between /əʊ/ and /oʊ/ for UK/US pronunciation of "oh". We may also need to think about what happens in other Englishes, such as Canadian and Australian English, which are currently very thin on the ground.
 * What happens to /r/ in Spanish and Italian? Italian "r" and "rr" are commonly rendered as /r/ and /rr/ in Italian dictionaries (and even in English-Italian dictionaries, where /r/ is used for English "r" as well). Will these become /ɾ/ and /r/ respectively? The Italian "r" is a trill, but in common with other doubled letters, it is considered to be an "extended" version of the flap, hence the rendering as /rr/.
 * What about /r/ in the rhymes pages? Should this be changed too? The rhymes pages follow UK pronunciation, with "(r)" being used for "r" only heard in rhotic accents.
 * Finally, will it be possible to do make this change using a bot? Many pronunciations don't have regional labels. — Paul G 07:47, 13 February 2008 (UTC)
 * This vote is not about the symbol to use for phonetic transcriptions. Yes, good phonetic transcriptions (to be given in square brackets) should distinguish between the British and US sounds for the /r/ phoneme, but phonemic transcriptions (given in slashes) must not distinguish between the pronunciation of a given phoneme between various dialects.  Rod (A. Smith) 16:55, 13 February 2008 (UTC)
 * 1) [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]] Support H. (talk) 19:31, 29 February 2008 (UTC) Though I didn’t read all the discussion, I do think it is ridiculous to claim English has [r].  Why the preference for this sign?  What’s so difficult about [ɹ], except that it isn’t in the standard alphabet (but then, most IPA symbols aren’t). H. (talk) 19:31, 29 February 2008 (UTC)
 * 2) [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]] Support Leftmostcat 00:37, 10 March 2008 (UTC) The primary argument I've seen against this is that it makes the pronunciation key less readable for those who are unfamiliar with the IPA or causes font support issues. There are plenty of necessary distinctions in English, however, which are non-obvious and require font support and which can't be thrown away. This will allow for greater precision of transcriptions and increased usefulness of transcriptions across languages and I have yet to see a concrete example of a disadvantage thereof. — Leftmostcat 00:37, 10 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Finally, will it be possible to do make this change using a bot? Many pronunciations don't have regional labels. — Paul G 07:47, 13 February 2008 (UTC)
 * This vote is not about the symbol to use for phonetic transcriptions. Yes, good phonetic transcriptions (to be given in square brackets) should distinguish between the British and US sounds for the /r/ phoneme, but phonemic transcriptions (given in slashes) must not distinguish between the pronunciation of a given phoneme between various dialects.  Rod (A. Smith) 16:55, 13 February 2008 (UTC)
 * 1) [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]] Support H. (talk) 19:31, 29 February 2008 (UTC) Though I didn’t read all the discussion, I do think it is ridiculous to claim English has [r].  Why the preference for this sign?  What’s so difficult about [ɹ], except that it isn’t in the standard alphabet (but then, most IPA symbols aren’t). H. (talk) 19:31, 29 February 2008 (UTC)
 * 2) [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]] Support Leftmostcat 00:37, 10 March 2008 (UTC) The primary argument I've seen against this is that it makes the pronunciation key less readable for those who are unfamiliar with the IPA or causes font support issues. There are plenty of necessary distinctions in English, however, which are non-obvious and require font support and which can't be thrown away. This will allow for greater precision of transcriptions and increased usefulness of transcriptions across languages and I have yet to see a concrete example of a disadvantage thereof. — Leftmostcat 00:37, 10 March 2008 (UTC)
 * 1) [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]] Support Leftmostcat 00:37, 10 March 2008 (UTC) The primary argument I've seen against this is that it makes the pronunciation key less readable for those who are unfamiliar with the IPA or causes font support issues. There are plenty of necessary distinctions in English, however, which are non-obvious and require font support and which can't be thrown away. This will allow for greater precision of transcriptions and increased usefulness of transcriptions across languages and I have yet to see a concrete example of a disadvantage thereof. — Leftmostcat 00:37, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

Oppose

 * [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.svg|20px]] Oppose Rod (A. Smith) 16:44, 24 January 2008 (UTC) vote changed to abstain, below Rod (A. Smith) 20:46, 27 January 2008 (UTC) The text of this vote shows phonemic transcription style (indicated by the use of slashes instead of square brackets), but the distinction between, , and  is a purely phonetic one.  Since this vote is about phonetic distinctions, the text should read as follows:
 * For the phonetic pronunciation of English terms, agreement to use the more specific IPA character for r, such as or, instead of .  Phonemic transcriptions (i.e., dialect-neutral ones indicated with slashes) may be treated differently.
 * Are you saying that the use of /slashes/ for the two pronunciations given at bear is incorrect? Given that we already have different pronunciations for US (Gen Amer) and UK (Received), I'm a bit hard-pressed to believe that there is such a thing as a dialect-neutral transcription in English.
 * Consider this proposal to say that "phonemic transcriptions should use instead of ". I probably never should have written  since it would only ever be . I strike it and inform all voters. DAVilla 21:15, 24 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes. The pronunciations listed ( and ) are phonetic transcriptions masquerading as phonemic transcriptions.  It should be   and  .  The proper phonemic transcriptions would be   (the final  phoneme is pronounced before vowels) and  .  Rhotic English doesn't make a phonemic distinction between the sounds  and .  Think about how you pronounce bear: in The bear and other animals. Instead of swallowing the final  phoneme, it's fully pronounced, so you get something like .  To represent pronunciations phonemically, we must be sure to identify only contrasting sounds in English.  Otherwise, we're doing phonetic transcription and must use square brackets.  I'd support this vote if it were clear that we're talking only about phonetic transcription.  Phonemic transcription produces results that are easier to read, but there's much more up-front analysis required to make phonemic claims. Rod (A. Smith) 21:38, 24 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the explanation here and above. If we were to explore this further, I would wonder if it's possible to put dialects into two major classes instead of just the one, and to write phonemic transcriptions for "American" English including a larger constituency than just Midwestern radio talk show hosts, in contrast to "British" English including a larger constituency than just late Queens of England. These would not be phonemic because, for instance, Canuck Engish falls under the first, Indian English under the second. In other words, I'm not convinced that the masquerade at bear is that far off the mark.
 * With regard to this vote, I'm more certain now that your amendment would not be friendly, but not because of this issue. The point, again, is purely to use the funny upside-down r in phonemic transcriptions because, since doesn't occur in English,  could be misleading. At least we know now that we disagree. If someone who would otherwise be for this motion has objection to the wording, I would be more than happy to consider corrections. DAVilla 10:29, 25 January 2008 (UTC)
 * It's refreshing to disagree in such a productive and civil manner. Thanks, DAVilla.  :-)  Rod (A. Smith) 18:31, 25 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Actually could be used for the tap of t/d, which although being separate from the issue of r, doesn't convince me that it needs to be struck. Anyways the point is to prefer the funny upside-down r to the one that in a phonetic transciption would represent the incorrect sound. DAVilla 21:23, 24 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I suppose it's possible to write for the intervocalic phoneme in rider:, but most people use  (or possibly ) for it.  For the phoneme pronounced variably as, , and  (depending on accent),  seems like a nice choice because (a)  doesn't occur in English  it's unambiguous to people who speak any variety of English , and (b) it yields easy-to-read transcriptions for non-liguists who speak English.  Rod (A. Smith) 21:50, 24 January 2008 (UTC)
 * One final point: We shouldn't be doing any phonemic transcriptions until we determine a comprehensive set of phonemes for the language in question and how to represent them consistently. Otherwise, ad-hoc phonemic transcriptions inadvertently make claims about what sounds are and are not contrasting in the language.  That's another reason to reword this vote to use brackets instead of slashes.  Rod (A. Smith) 18:38, 25 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Post-final point ;-) : According to Welsh English, some English speakers do use [r] for /r/. When a Welsh English speaker says, other English speakers hear free: /fri/, not *undefined: /fddi/, so, in English, , , , and  are allophones.  When transcibing phonetically, of course we should write  or whatever phone we really mean for the dialect in question, but like other linguists, we should choose /r/ for the dialect-neutral English phoneme.  Rod (A. Smith) 22:11, 25 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Well, we'll want to be careful about reasoning like that in your second sentence: [ph] and [p] are allophones in English, but if you hear [p] in the wrong spot, you can easily think it's [b]. I think the real take-home point is that we should avoid original research; we're just not equipped for it. —Ruakh TALK 23:23, 25 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Right. I'm in favor of avoiding original research. Most linguists who distinguish between phonemic and phonetic transcription seem to use /r/ for the English r phoneme. This vote was misworded without the conventional wording review period. Its intent was to correct an error with our phonetic transcriptions but it actually governs phonemic transcriptions.  Some supporters clearly thought they were discussing phonetic transcription.  Without a complete policy for phonemic transcriptions, we will continue to make claims we don't intend to make about English.  Please reword the vote.  It will easily pass with square brackets.  Rod (A. Smith) 02:06, 26 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I rarely if ever see brackets used in any of our entries. Usually there are slashes. If we were to start adding more bracketed terms, then would be incorrect, so I don't see why a vote is necessary to oppose it. This vote is about phonemic transcription.
 * Regardless of what is normally used for English, we are not solely an English dictionary, and is not incorrect, whereas  could be misleading. We already make exception from other dictionaries when multilingual issues arise, e.g. in listing every inflected form as its own entry. If you want a policy for phonemic transcriptions, I would propose that, for any language, the most common phoneme be used to represent the allophone. This is the test case for that. DAVilla 11:44, 26 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I almost agree: we should adopt the unambiguous, most general symbol for the most common allophone of a given phoneme. For example, even if, , , or  are more common than , , , or , respectively, we shouldn't use *, *, *, or *, because , , , and  are simpler, yet unambiguous within the context of English.  Anyway, I prefer the new wording to the original because at least now it's clear that refers to phonemic transcription.  However, note that it appears to mandate  not only for the phonemic transcription of ,  ,  ,  , and  , but also for vocalic r of rhotic accents (i.e.  and ) and possibly for the occasionally-pronounced r of non-rhotic accents (e.g., suggesting to transcribe her: as  ).  I'd change to an abstain vote if it were more speficic, e.g.:
 * For the pronunciation of English terms, agreement to use the specific IPA character instead of  for the r phoneme in words like red:, green:, orange:, and  purple:.
 * Something like the above would clarify the scope. If the r in purple: is intended as part of the scope, we would have to transcribe it phonemically as something like  .  If we align with linguists who consider the vocalic liquids as distinct phonemes, a better transcription would be something like , so purple: should be removed from the above list and rhotic, vocalic r noted as an exception.  Is the above text the actual intent?  Rod (A. Smith) 19:51, 26 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Done, thank you. I have left out "purple" so as to narrow the scope. That issue can be addressed separately if need be.
 * Frankly I don't see what would be so wrong about using both /pʰ/ and /p/ in transcriptions, understanding the pattern is universal across English speakers. To me it doesn't immediately imply that they're separate phonemes, it's just a clarification for those who are not native speakers and need that sort of information. But I guess that's not the way linguists do it. DAVilla 19:12, 27 January 2008 (UTC)
 * If you don't see what would be wrong with allowing * in transcriptions of English words, please do some further reading about phonemic transcription. It absolutely would imply that there are two different phonemes in English, and that implication would be very wrong.  The terms phonemic: and phonetic: often coincide with broad: and narrow:, but phonemic: has additional implications.  Rod (A. Smith) 20:46, 27 January 2008 (UTC)

 * 1) [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.svg|20px]] Oppose Connel MacKenzie 01:41, 27 January 2008 (UTC) Simply wrong in American English.  Procedurally wrong as the WT:BP discussion was light-years away from agreement.  --Connel MacKenzie 01:41, 27 January 2008 (UTC)  (And still invisible on default platforms for almost all our readers.)  --Connel MacKenzie 01:43, 27 January 2008 (UTC)
 * There is already a long timeframe, and I am resetting that today, which will extend it further. I would wish to have everyone's opinion counted. DAVilla 17:08, 27 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Connel, the stress marks in IPA are invisible in those same platforms that have trouble with this character, so IPA already includes characters that will not display in IE6. That's one of the reasons we still have SAMPA and enPR. --EncycloPetey 01:15, 28 January 2008 (UTC)
 * [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.svg|20px]] Oppose vote changed to abstain, below Transcribing subphonemic features phonemically (between '//'s) is just plain wrong. Correct me if I'm wrong (I'm no IPA expert), but 'l's in little: are not so the same (alveolar vs. velar?), so why not apply the same logic there? Generally I agree that the most precise phonetic (in '[]'s) transcription should be adopted, but most of the users wishing to learn the actual pronunciation don't have Ph.D in linguistics and don't know what symbols [ɹ], [ɾ] and [ʁ] mean. I think it's important at least to present them a version which says "you can pronounce this phoneme (=class of sounds with nondistinctive features) any way it's similarily pronounced in the contexts you already encountered it in other words, end every English speaker will understend you, because no phonemic opposition occurs between it and other words which have different phonemic transcription". --Ivan Štambuk 02:39, 27 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I think you might be misunderstanding the proposal. No one is suggesting to distinguish between different phones of the phoneme represented graphically by <r>; rather, the suggestion is to use a single symbol for that phoneme — the symbol for one of the more common phones. (The phone [r] does not exist in any major dialect of English, so allegedly it's a bad idea to use it for the phoneme represented graphically by <r>. There's a lot of validity to this view — we wouldn't want to use /j/ for [dʒ] and /y/ for [j], for example, and say "It's O.K., we're just being phonemic!" — but the question is whether it outweighs other considerations that might support using /r/.) —Ruakh TALK 03:49, 27 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Well, the original (and presumably still active) text of the vote says, “use the more specific IPA character for r, such as /ɹ/ or /ɾ/, instead of /r/”, so my interpretation is that this vote was proposed to transcribe subphonemic features phonemically. Rod (A. Smith) 04:44, 27 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I have adjusted the wording of the vote to Rod's suggestion. I hope this alleviates your concerns, and that you would be willing to reconsider your vote, for or against. DAVilla 17:08, 27 January 2008 (UTC)
 * But it still uses phonemic transcription with slashes, just like pronunciation sections of red:, green:, orange:? From w:International_Phonetic_Alphabet: When a word is written as phonemes, it is usually enclosed in slashes. For example, the American pronunciation of the English word "little" may be transcribed broadly using the IPA as /lɪtl/. This broad transcription merely identifies the separate phonetically relevant components of the word, and does not indicate the variety of corresponding sounds. On the other hand, the narrow transcription (placed between square brackets) specifies the way each sound is pronounced. A more narrow transcription of "little" would be different depending on the way it is said: [lɪɾɫ], [lɪʔɫ], or [lɪːɫ] are just a few possibilities. Proposal in it's current form still seems to 1) pertain to phonemic transcription 2) advising usage of at least two different symbols for the same phoneme (Rod mentioned Welsh example). And I ask again, if this is supposed to pertain to phonetic transcription in general, why just stop on phoneme 'r', why not adopt more precise phonetic transcriptions of a phoneme 'l' (and other ones) as well? --Ivan Štambuk 18:37, 27 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Could you give an example of two uses of phoneme 'r' that, under this proposal, would receive different symbols? —Ruakh TALK 19:06, 27 January 2008 (UTC)
 * These are still broad, phonemic transcriptions in slashes that we are talking about, yes. Any symbol can be used to represent the phoneme, constituting several sounds that to English speakers are allophones, closely related, often indistinguishable at least to our ears. The "Welsh example" was simply making it clearer which of those sounds actually constitute this phoneme, which was one correction now made. We do not want to use two symbols for this phoneme (another mistake in the first wording), we want to agree on which symbol to use. If the issue has arisen for or other phonemes, then it dissipated quickly. For  vs.  it has come up repeatedly. And if I may offer a word of advice, never start a vote without waiting for a week's worth of feedback. Luckily this one is finally on track. DAVilla 19:12, 27 January 2008 (UTC)
 * So basically what you are advocating is phonemically transcribing 'r' phoneme of Welsh English as  ? --Ivan Štambuk 21:32, 27 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Well, anything in slashes wouldn't be labeled as Welsh. Yes, we're kind of whitewashing all of English to say that it uses when specific dialects might use something different. But at least  is more pravelent than any of the others. Anyways, there's nothing wrong with listing  as a phonetic translation for Welsh. DAVilla 01:11, 28 January 2008 (UTC)
 * 1) [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.svg|20px]] Oppose Changing my vote. I did not understand the distinction between phonemic and phonetic transcription sufficiently well. Using /r/ is fine because of the idea of allophones.
 * (I have marked this with your signature because we do not have any other way to break comments into paragraphs on votes. DAVilla 18:26, 16 February 2008 (UTC))
 * Here's something that blows the proposal out of the water. My French (monolingual) dictionary uses IPA /r/ for the French sound r (possibly uvular - it doesn't say). So if a French dictionary can use /r/, recognising that it needn't use /ʀ/ or the inverted capital R, then /r/ is good enough for all varieties of "r" in English.
 * If this proposal is rejected, as I now believe would be the correct course of action, then I think it would be a good idea to have an appendix or something that explains the distinctions between the various phonetic transcriptions of the letter "r", saying what they sound like (preferrably with sound files) and which varieties of English use each of them. — Paul G 16:25, 16 February 2008 (UTC)
 * While the idea of having an "r"-appendix seems reasonable on the face of it, remember that some of those sounds would be trills, while others would be approximants. They do not all fall into the same linguistic category; the only shared feature they all have is the symbol used to represent the sound.  Would you want to have similar cross-lingual appendices for g? h? l? w? Each of these letters (and many more) represent different sounds in different languages, just as r does.  Each of them also has dialectical variantions in some of those languages, just as r does, --EncycloPetey 17:48, 1 March 2008 (UTC)
 * As you yourself say, that French dictionary is monolingual. Monolingual dictionaries can often get away with using less specific transcriptions since there's generally little danger that someone using a monolingual French dictionary will misunderstand the dictionary as saying that French contains an alveolar trill. Wiktionary is not a monolingual dictionary, however, and as such we have to deal with phonemes that won't ever occur in French alone. Further, many dictionaries using this sort of generalized IPA (I have an Irish dictionary that does just this, replacing /ɾ/ with /r/) still note such changes in the introduction. While we could appendicize all of these, I believe it would be more convenient to simply distinguish between different r phonemes at the transcription level and I still see no concrete disadvantage to this. — Leftmostcat 05:33, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

Abstain

 * 1) [[Image:Symbol abstain vote.svg|20px]] Abstain —Ruakh TALK 13:11, 24 January 2008 (UTC) I can think of few issues I have less of an opinion about, but I'm glad we have IPAedants among us. :-)   Incidentally, y'all might be interested in Sally Thomason's Language Log entry "Why I Don't Love the International Phonetic Alphabet", if you haven't already seen it. It doesn't specifically address /r/, but it discusses closely related issues. —Ruakh TALK 13:11, 24 January 2008 (UTC) Still abstain. —Ruakh TALK 19:06, 27 January 2008 (UTC)
 * That the more common sounds are transcribed with sometimes difficult to write IPA symbols, and that some simple IPA symbols represent rarely needed sounds, is a problem with IPA as it applies to linguists in the field. We have no choice but to use IPA correctly, as the standard is dictated, despite its problems. While /r/ may be permissible, we cannot be mavericks and use a haček, so I don't think this line of reasoning is a good one to adopt.
 * Even with little linguistic knowledge, I have problems with IPA as well. I think that the aspirated plosives should constitute separate (though similar) characters, seeing as the distinction is made in so many languages. So I found the article very interesting, and a survey like the one undertaken would probably be a good idea for the Internatioal Phonetics Association. But not for us. DAVilla 15:41, 24 January 2008 (UTC)
 * There are always lots of heated arguments about it, but I think there is consensus that its advantages still vastly outweigh its disadvantages. Widsith 15:55, 24 January 2008 (UTC)
 * 1) [[Image:Symbol abstain vote.svg|20px]] Abstain Rod (A. Smith) 20:46, 27 January 2008 (UTC) My ideal would be for each entry to include (a) typographically simple yet IPA-guidelines-compliant phonemic transcriptions to cover the phonologically distinct dialects and (b) multiple phonetic transcriptions, including a broad one for each major dialect and some slightly more narrow ones to show key accents of various dialects.  That would be a huge endeavor, though, so until we're prepared to embark on such a thing, we can only afford one type of transcription per entry, and I understand that phonemic transcription is preferable.  I empathize with contributors who want to help ESL readers and who want to follow an assumed IPA guideline for choice of symbols in phonemic transcription.  I dislike the fact that  aligns with the phonetics of a specific dialect, but since it's the prestige dialect for most English speakers, it's not a particularly bad alignment.  I worry about the assumption that correct phonemic IPA transcriptions are translingually unambiguous (i.e.  implies something like  to an ESL speaker whose native language contrasts aspirated and unaspirated plosives).  However, that assumption probably won't be made or broken by our choice of, , , or  for the English phoneme behind , and their variations (and perhaps for the trailing component of r-colored vowels).  My preference is for the technically valid, dialect-neutral , but if we adopt  instead now, at least we'll be uniform.  If we come to our senses later, a bot can fix it.  ;-)  Rod (A. Smith) 20:46, 27 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Please, I would love to see a hidden box with phonetic transcriptions for every dialect. Not only that but a corresponding audio file! Oh, how much I would learn! Why are the sound files merely labeled US or UK? Let's make way! I'm not sure my opinion on this issue will change even then, but hey, with all that sensory input, how could you expect me to come to my senses? DAVilla 01:19, 28 January 2008 (UTC)
 * 1) [[Image:Symbol abstain vote.svg|20px]] Abstain --Ivan Štambuk. I could swear I've never seen  actually used in phonemic transcription in any dictionary I used, but it do appears it's doing less harm then the usual 'r' (Welsh English aside). IPA is credited with much more prominence then it should have been, IMHO. Slavistics traditionally uses it's own special symbols for transcription that sometimes differ from those internationally used to a very large extent. I feel that wiktionary should follow the most widely used symbol (i.e. 'r') in order to accommodate ESL users who are most likely to find symbol  dubious linguistic perversion. --Ivan Štambuk 22:09, 27 January 2008 (UTC)

Decision

 * Passes 17-2-3. Conrad.Irwin 00:51, 13 March 2008 (UTC)


text:
چەپ

Noun

 * 1) left the left side

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: چەپ


text: persuaders

title: persuaders


text: philatelists

title: philatelists


text:
nagynéni

Noun

 * 1) aunt

title: nagynéni


text:
ciocia

Etymology
From. Further origin uncertain.

Noun

 * 1) a type of traditional leather slipper once worn in Southern Italy

Derived terms
ciociaro Ciociaria

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) aunt, auntie

title: ciocia


text:
physicality

Noun

 * 1) Physical attributes.
 * 2) Obsession with physical urges.
 * 1) Obsession with physical urges.
 * 1) Obsession with physical urges.

Translations

 * Catalan: fisicitat
 * Finnish: fysikaalisuus

title: physicality


text: pianists

title: pianists


text:
picnicking

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) An expedition for the purpose of having a picnic.
 * 2) * 1868, The Cornhill Magazine, volume 12? volume 18? page 750:
 * This sentiment was particularly approved by Lady Jane, who had a childish liking for expeditions and picnickings, and who had set her heart upon carrying out her drive that afternoon.

title: picnicking


text:
kuzynka

Etymology 1
From.

title: kuzynka


text: picnicked

title: picnicked


text:
picnic basket

Noun

 * 1) A basket or hamper used to carry food and utensils to a picnic.
 * 2) The food in a basket taken to a picnic.

Translations

 * Finnish: eväskori
 * Galician: carabela

 * Finnish: eväät
 * Galician: carabela

title: picnic basket


text: picnic baskets

title: picnic baskets


text:
Schwiegervater

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) father-in-law

title: Schwiegervater


text: pillboxes

title: pillboxes


text:
após

Etymology 2
From, from.

Preposition

 * 1) after (subsequent; following in time; later than)

Noun

 * 1) father-in-law one’s spouse’s father

Etymology
From, from.

Preposition

 * 1)  after later in time
 * 2)  past further in location
 * 3)  after a great amount of
 * 1)  past further in location
 * 2)  after a great amount of
 * 1)  after a great amount of
 * 1)  after a great amount of

title: após


text:
pilotless

Adjective

 * 1) Not having a pilot.

Translations

 * Belarusian: беспіло́тны
 * Polish: bezpilotowy
 * Russian:
 * Ukrainian:

title: pilotless


text:
teść

Etymology
, perhaps from.

Noun

 * 1)  father-in-law
 * 2)  father-in-law
 * 3) father-in-law
 * 1) father-in-law
 * 1) father-in-law
 * 1) father-in-law

Etymology 1
, from. Perhaps a.

Noun

 * 1) father-in-law

Etymology 2
.

Noun

 * 1)  test, testosterone

title: teść


text:
wijsvinger

Etymology
Compound of 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1)  forefinger, index finger

title: wijsvinger


text:
jari telunjuk

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  forefinger (first finger next to the thumb)

Noun

 * 1)  forefinger (first finger next to the thumb)

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  The forefinger or index finger first finger next to the thumb.

Related terms

 * or
 * or

title: jari telunjuk


text:
User:Hippietrail/firebug.js

if (!("console" in window) || !("firebug" in console)) { (function {   window.console =     {        log: function        {            logFormatted(arguments, "");        },        debug: function        {            logFormatted(arguments, "debug");        },        info: function        {            logFormatted(arguments, "info");        },        warn: function        {            logFormatted(arguments, "warning");        },        error: function        {            logFormatted(arguments, "error");        },        assert: function(truth, message)        {            if (!truth)            {                var args = [];                for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; ++i)                    args.push(arguments[i]);                logFormatted(args.length ? args : ["Assertion Failure"], "error");               throw message ? message : "Assertion Failure";            }        },        dir: function(object)        {            var html = [];            var pairs = [];            for (var name in object)            {                try                {                    pairs.push([name, object[name]]);                }                catch (exc)                {                }            }            pairs.sort(function(a, b) { return a[0] < b[0] ? -1 : 1; });           html.push(' ');            logRow(html, "dir");        },        dirxml: function(node)        {            var html = [];            appendNode(node, html);            logRow(html, "dirxml");        },        group: function        {            logRow(arguments, "group", pushGroup);        },        groupEnd: function        {            logRow(arguments, "", popGroup);        },        time: function(name)        {            timeMap[name] = (new Date).getTime;        },        timeEnd: function(name)        {            if (name in timeMap)            {                var delta = (new Date).getTime - timeMap[name];                logFormatted([name+ ":", delta+"ms"]);                delete timeMap[name];            }        },        count: function        {            this.warn(["count not supported."]);        },        trace: function        { this.warn(["trace not supported."]); },       profile: function {           this.warn(["profile not supported."]); },       profileEnd: function {       },        clear: function {           consoleBody.innerHTML = ""; },

open: function {           toggleConsole(true); },       close: function {           if (frameVisible) toggleConsole; }   };    // ********************************************************************************************    var consoleFrame = null; var consoleBody = null; var commandLine = null; var frameVisible = false; var messageQueue = []; var groupStack = []; var timeMap = {}; var clPrefix = ">>> "; var isFirefox = navigator.userAgent.indexOf("Firefox") != -1; var isIE = navigator.userAgent.indexOf("MSIE") != -1; var isOpera = navigator.userAgent.indexOf("Opera") != -1; var isSafari = navigator.userAgent.indexOf("AppleWebKit") != -1;

// ********************************************************************************************

function toggleConsole(forceOpen) {       frameVisible = forceOpen || !frameVisible; if (consoleFrame) consoleFrame.style.visibility = frameVisible ? "visible" : "hidden"; else waitForBody; }

function focusCommandLine {       toggleConsole(true); if (commandLine) commandLine.focus; }

function waitForBody {       if (document.body) createFrame; else setTimeout(waitForBody, 200); }

function createFrame {       if (consoleFrame) return; window.onFirebugReady = function(doc) {           window.onFirebugReady = null;

var toolbar = doc.getElementById("toolbar"); toolbar.onmousedown = onSplitterMouseDown;

commandLine = doc.getElementById("commandLine"); addEvent(commandLine, "keydown", onCommandLineKeyDown);

addEvent(doc, isIE || isSafari ? "keydown" : "keypress", onKeyDown); consoleBody = doc.getElementById("log"); layout; flush; }

var baseURL = getFirebugURL;

consoleFrame = document.createElement("iframe"); consoleFrame.setAttribute("src", baseURL+"/firebug.html"); consoleFrame.setAttribute("frameBorder", "0"); consoleFrame.style.visibility = (frameVisible ? "visible" : "hidden"); consoleFrame.style.zIndex = "2147483647"; consoleFrame.style.position = "fixed"; consoleFrame.style.width = "100%"; consoleFrame.style.left = "0"; consoleFrame.style.bottom = "0"; consoleFrame.style.height = "200px"; document.body.appendChild(consoleFrame); }   function getFirebugURL {       var scripts = document.getElementsByTagName("script"); for (var i = 0; i < scripts.length; ++i) {           if (scripts[i].src.indexOf("firebug.js") != -1) {               var lastSlash = scripts[i].src.lastIndexOf("/"); return scripts[i].src.substr(0, lastSlash); }       }    }    function evalCommandLine {       var text = commandLine.value; commandLine.value = "";

logRow([clPrefix, text], "command"); var value; try {           value = eval(text); }       catch (exc) {       }

console.log(value); }   function layout {       var toolbar = consoleBody.ownerDocument.getElementById("toolbar"); var height = consoleFrame.offsetHeight - (toolbar.offsetHeight + commandLine.offsetHeight); consoleBody.style.top = toolbar.offsetHeight + "px"; consoleBody.style.height = height + "px"; commandLine.style.top = (consoleFrame.offsetHeight - commandLine.offsetHeight) + "px"; }   function logRow(message, className, handler) {       if (consoleBody) writeMessage(message, className, handler); else {           messageQueue.push([message, className, handler]); waitForBody; }   }    function flush {       var queue = messageQueue; messageQueue = []; for (var i = 0; i < queue.length; ++i) writeMessage(queue[i][0], queue[i][1], queue[i][2]); }

function writeMessage(message, className, handler) {       var isScrolledToBottom = consoleBody.scrollTop + consoleBody.offsetHeight >= consoleBody.scrollHeight;

if (!handler) handler = writeRow; handler(message, className); if (isScrolledToBottom) consoleBody.scrollTop = consoleBody.scrollHeight - consoleBody.offsetHeight; }   function appendRow(row) {       var container = groupStack.length ? groupStack[groupStack.length-1] : consoleBody; container.appendChild(row); }

function writeRow(message, className) {       var row = consoleBody.ownerDocument.createElement("div"); row.className = "logRow" + (className ? " logRow-"+className : ""); row.innerHTML = message.join(""); appendRow(row); }

function pushGroup(message, className) {       logFormatted(message, className);

var groupRow = consoleBody.ownerDocument.createElement("div"); groupRow.className = "logGroup"; var groupRowBox = consoleBody.ownerDocument.createElement("div"); groupRowBox.className = "logGroupBox"; groupRow.appendChild(groupRowBox); appendRow(groupRowBox); groupStack.push(groupRowBox); }

function popGroup {       groupStack.pop; }   // ********************************************************************************************

function logFormatted(objects, className) {       var html = [];

var format = objects[0]; var objIndex = 0;

if (typeof(format) != "string") {           format = ""; objIndex = -1; }

var parts = parseFormat(format); for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; ++i) {           var part = parts[i]; if (part && typeof(part) == "object") {               var object = objects[++objIndex]; part.appender(object, html); }           else appendText(part, html); }

for (var i = objIndex+1; i < objects.length; ++i) {           appendText(" ", html); var object = objects[i]; if (typeof(object) == "string") appendText(object, html); else appendObject(object, html); }       logRow(html, className); }

function parseFormat(format) {       var parts = [];

var reg = /((^%|[^\\]%)(\d+)?(\.)([a-zA-Z]))|((^%|[^\\]%)([a-zA-Z]))/; var appenderMap = {s: appendText, d: appendInteger, i: appendInteger, f: appendFloat};

for (var m = reg.exec(format); m; m = reg.exec(format)) {           var type = m[8] ? m[8] : m[5]; var appender = type in appenderMap ? appenderMap[type] : appendObject; var precision = m[3] ? parseInt(m[3]) : (m[4] == "." ? -1 : 0);

parts.push(format.substr(0, m[0][0] == "%" ? m.index : m.index+1)); parts.push({appender: appender, precision: precision});

format = format.substr(m.index+m[0].length); }

parts.push(format);

return parts; }

function escapeHTML(value) {       function replaceChars(ch) {           switch (ch) {               case "<": return "<"; case ">": return ">"; case "&": return "&"; case "'": return "'"; case '"':                   return """;            }            return "?";        };        return String(value).replace(/[<>&"']/g, replaceChars); }

function objectToString(object) {       try {           return object+""; }       catch (exc) {           return null; }   }

// ********************************************************************************************

function appendText(object, html) {       html.push(escapeHTML(objectToString(object))); }

function appendNull(object, html) {       html.push(' ', escapeHTML(objectToString(object)), ' '); }

function appendString(object, html) {       html.push(' "', escapeHTML(objectToString(object)),            '" '); }

function appendInteger(object, html) {       html.push(' ', escapeHTML(objectToString(object)), ' '); }

function appendFloat(object, html) {       html.push(' ', escapeHTML(objectToString(object)), ' '); }

function appendFunction(object, html) {       var reName = /function ?(.*?)\(/;        var m = reName.exec(objectToString(object));        var name = m ? m[1] : "function";        html.push(' ', escapeHTML(name), ' ');    }    function appendObject(object, html)    {        try        {            if (object == undefined)                appendNull("undefined", html);            else if (object == null)                appendNull("null", html);            else if (typeof object == "string")                appendString(object, html);            else if (typeof object == "number")                appendInteger(object, html);            else if (typeof object == "function")                appendFunction(object, html);            else if (object.nodeType == 1)                appendSelector(object, html);            else if (typeof object == "object")                appendObjectFormatted(object, html);            else                appendText(object, html); }       catch (exc) {       }    }    function appendObjectFormatted(object, html) {       var text = objectToString(object); var reObject = /\[object (.*?)\]/;

var m = reObject.exec(text); html.push(' ', m ? m[1] : text, ' ') }   function appendSelector(object, html) {       html.push(' ');

html.push(' ', escapeHTML(object.nodeName.toLowerCase), ' '); if (object.id) html.push(' #', escapeHTML(object.id), ' '); if (object.className) html.push(' .', escapeHTML(object.className), ' ');

html.push(' '); }

function appendNode(node, html) {       if (node.nodeType == 1) {           html.push(                ' ',                    '< ', node.nodeName.toLowerCase, ' ');

for (var i = 0; i < node.attributes.length; ++i) {               var attr = node.attributes[i]; if (!attr.specified) continue; html.push(' ', attr.nodeName.toLowerCase,                   ' =" ', escapeHTML(attr.nodeValue),                    ' "') }

if (node.firstChild) {               html.push('> ');

for (var child = node.firstChild; child; child = child.nextSibling) appendNode(child, html); html.push(' </ ',                    node.nodeName.toLowerCase, '>  '); }           else html.push('/> '); }       else if (node.nodeType == 3) {           html.push(' ', escapeHTML(node.nodeValue),                ' '); }   }

// ********************************************************************************************   function addEvent(object, name, handler) {       if (document.all) object.attachEvent("on"+name, handler); else object.addEventListener(name, handler, false); }   function removeEvent(object, name, handler) {       if (document.all) object.detachEvent("on"+name, handler); else object.removeEventListener(name, handler, false); }   function cancelEvent(event) {       if (document.all) event.cancelBubble = true; else event.stopPropagation; }

function onError(msg, href, lineNo) {       var html = []; var lastSlash = href.lastIndexOf("/"); var fileName = lastSlash == -1 ? href : href.substr(lastSlash+1); html.push(           ' ', msg, ' ',             ' ', fileName, ' (line ', lineNo, ') '        ); logRow(html, "error"); };

function onKeyDown(event) {       if (event.keyCode == 123) toggleConsole; else if ((event.keyCode == 108 || event.keyCode == 76) && event.shiftKey                && (event.metaKey || event.ctrlKey)) focusCommandLine; else return; cancelEvent(event); }

function onSplitterMouseDown(event) {       if (isSafari || isOpera) return; addEvent(document, "mousemove", onSplitterMouseMove); addEvent(document, "mouseup", onSplitterMouseUp);

for (var i = 0; i < frames.length; ++i) {           addEvent(frames[i].document, "mousemove", onSplitterMouseMove); addEvent(frames[i].document, "mouseup", onSplitterMouseUp); }   }    function onSplitterMouseMove(event) {       var win = document.all ? event.srcElement.ownerDocument.parentWindow : event.target.ownerDocument.defaultView;

var clientY = event.clientY; if (win != win.parent) clientY += win.frameElement ? win.frameElement.offsetTop : 0; var height = consoleFrame.offsetTop + consoleFrame.clientHeight; var y = height - clientY; consoleFrame.style.height = y + "px"; layout; }   function onSplitterMouseUp(event) {       removeEvent(document, "mousemove", onSplitterMouseMove); removeEvent(document, "mouseup", onSplitterMouseUp);

for (var i = 0; i < frames.length; ++i) {           removeEvent(frames[i].document, "mousemove", onSplitterMouseMove); removeEvent(frames[i].document, "mouseup", onSplitterMouseUp); }   }    function onCommandLineKeyDown(event) {       if (event.keyCode == 13) evalCommandLine; else if (event.keyCode == 27) commandLine.value = ""; }   window.onerror = onError; addEvent(document, isIE || isSafari ? "keydown" : "keypress", onKeyDown); if (document.documentElement.getAttribute("debug") == "true") toggleConsole(true); }); }

title: User:Hippietrail/firebug.js


text:
ڏسڻي آڱر

Etymology
From /  +  /.

Noun

 * 1) forefinger

title: ڏسڻي آڱر


text:
User:Hippietrail/firebug.css

html, body { margin: 0; background: #FFFFFF; font-family: Lucida Grande, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; overflow: hidden; }

a { text-decoration: none; }

a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

.toolbar { height: 14px; border-top: 1px solid ThreeDHighlight; border-bottom: 1px solid ThreeDShadow; padding: 2px 6px; background: ThreeDFace; }

.toolbarRight { position: absolute; top: 4px; right: 6px; }

overflow: auto; position: absolute; left: 0; width: 100%; }
 * 1) log {

position: absolute; bottom: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 18px; border: none; border-top: 1px solid ThreeDShadow; }
 * 1) commandLine {

/************************************************************************************************/

.logRow { position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid #D7D7D7; padding: 2px 4px 1px 6px; background-color: #FFFFFF; }

.logRow-command { font-family: Monaco, monospace; color: blue; }

.objectBox-null { padding: 0 2px; border: 1px solid #666666; background-color: #888888; color: #FFFFFF; }

.objectBox-string { font-family: Monaco, monospace; color: red; white-space: pre; }

.objectBox-number { color: #000088; }

.objectBox-function { font-family: Monaco, monospace; color: DarkGreen; }

.objectBox-object { color: DarkGreen; font-weight: bold; }

/************************************************************************************************/

.logRow-info, .logRow-error, .logRow-warning { background: #FFFFFF no-repeat 2px 2px; padding-left: 20px; padding-bottom: 3px; }

.logRow-info { background-image: url(infoIcon.png); }

.logRow-warning { background-color: cyan; background-image: url(warningIcon.png); }

.logRow-error { background-color: LightYellow; background-image: url(errorIcon.png); }

.errorMessage { vertical-align: top; color: #FF0000; }

.objectBox-sourceLink { position: absolute; right: 4px; top: 2px; padding-left: 8px; font-family: Lucida Grande, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; color: #0000FF; }

/************************************************************************************************/

.logRow-group { background: #EEEEEE; border-bottom: none; }

.logGroup { background: #EEEEEE; }

.logGroupBox { margin-left: 24px; border-top: 1px solid #D7D7D7; border-left: 1px solid #D7D7D7; }

/************************************************************************************************/

.selectorTag, .selectorId, .selectorClass { font-family: Monaco, monospace; font-weight: normal; }

.selectorTag { color: #0000FF; }

.selectorId { color: DarkBlue; }

.selectorClass { color: red; }

/************************************************************************************************/

.objectBox-element { font-family: Monaco, monospace; color: #000088; }

.nodeChildren { margin-left: 16px; }

.nodeTag { color: blue; }

.nodeValue { color: #FF0000; font-weight: normal; }

.nodeText, .nodeComment { margin: 0 2px; vertical-align: top; }

.nodeText { color: #333333; }

.nodeComment { color: DarkGreen; }

/************************************************************************************************/

.propertyNameCell { vertical-align: top; }

.propertyName { font-weight: bold; }

title: User:Hippietrail/firebug.css


text:
kazalec

Noun

 * 1) index finger, forefinger

title: kazalec


text:
olá

Etymology
Possibly borrowed from.

Interjection

 * 1) hello; hi greeting

title: olá


text:
houtskool

Etymology
From, equivalent to 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1)  charcoal
 * 2)  a piece of charcoal

title: houtskool


text:
peça

Etymology
From, from , from. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) piece (a part of something)
 * 2) room division of a building
 * 3) garment, article of clothing
 * 4)  ordinary

Etymology 1
From, from , from. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) piece part of a larger whole
 * 2) piece single item belonging to a class of similar items
 * 3)  piece
 * 4)  play
 * 5)  gun
 * 1)  play
 * 2)  gun
 * 1)  gun

title: peça


text:
столица

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) capital (city)

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) chair
 * 2) stool, feces
 * 1) stool, feces

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1) capital

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) chair
 * 2)  stool
 * 3)  capital city
 * 1)  capital city

title: столица


text:
ĉefurbo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) capital, capital city seat of government; metropolis

title: ĉefurbo


text:
főváros

Noun

 * 1) capital main city of a country

title: főváros


text:
sostinė

Etymology
Derived from.

Noun

 * 1) capital (city designated as such)

title: sostinė


text:
capitală

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) capital city
 * 2) capital of a region

title: capitală


text:
huvudstad

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) capital city
 * Sveriges huvudstad är Stockholm och Finlands är Helsingfors.
 * The capital (city) of Sweden is Stockholm and that of Finland is Helsinki (Helsingfors).

title: huvudstad


text:
капитал

Etymology
Borrowed from, from.

Noun

 * 1) capital, asset money, wealth, etc.

Noun

 * 1) capital, asset money, wealth, etc.

Noun

 * 1) capital, asset money, wealth, etc.

Noun

 * 1) capital, asset money, wealth, etc.

title: капитал


text:
hoofdletter

Etymology
From, from. Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) capital uppercase letter

title: hoofdletter


text:
duża litera

Etymology
lit. 'big letter'.

title: duża litera


text:
stor bokstav

Noun

 * 1) capital (uppercase letter)

title: stor bokstav


text:
capitel

Etymology
Borrowed from. .

Noun

 * 1)  capital uppermost part of a column

Etymology
or.

Noun

 * 1)  capital uppermost part of a column

Etymology
From. .

Noun

 * 1)  capital; chapiter uppermost part of a column

title: capitel


text:
kapitäl

Noun

 * 1) a small capital letter (small caps)
 * 2)  capital (uppermost part of a column)

title: kapitäl


text:
angyal

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) angel

title: angyal


text:
anioł

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  angel
 * 2)  angel
 * 3)  angel
 * 4)  angel
 * 5)  evil spirit

Declension
Normal modern declension is animate (nominative and accusative plural ). Personal declension (nominative plural, accusative plural ) is dated or literary. The form is archaic.

title: anioł


text:
trafic

Etymology
,, from , from. The vehicular traffic sense is from, which was borrowed from or at least influenced by French.

Noun

 * 1)  traffic commerce
 * 2) traffic illegal trafficking
 * 3) traffic people, vehicles

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) traffic

title: trafic


text:
tráfego

Etymology
Alteration of, from.

Noun

 * 1) traffic the flow of pedestrians or vehicles in a location
 * 2) traffic commercial transportation or exchange of goods
 * 1) traffic commercial transportation or exchange of goods

title: tráfego


text:
trafik

Etymology
From via 🇨🇬 or 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) traffic (pedestrians or vehicles on roads or on the air)

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) traffic

title: trafik


text:
injunct

Etymology
by analogy with,.

Verb

 * 1)  To put an injunction against. (Used both of the party who applies for the injunction and of the judge who grants it.)

title: injunct


text:
powieka

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) eyelid

title: powieka


text:
prāts

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) mind (ability for rational thought)

title: prāts


text:
apziņa

Etymology
Nominal form of the stem of the verb, the original meaning of which was “to know, to perceive (something)”; was therefore initially “knowledge”. In the late 19th century, A. Kronvalds began using this word in the sense of "conviction", "understadning", "consciousness (of something)"; in the 1920s, it became accepted as a philosophy term, corresponding to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  consciousness the capacity of the human brain to reflect objective reality
 * 2) consciousness, sense of reality the ability to perceive aspects of reality and to react accordingly
 * 3) awareness, consciousness belief, perception, awareness of something, opinion on something
 * 4) consciousness, sense, conviction conscientious, understanding attitude toward something
 * 1) consciousness, sense of reality the ability to perceive aspects of reality and to react accordingly
 * 2) awareness, consciousness belief, perception, awareness of something, opinion on something
 * 3) consciousness, sense, conviction conscientious, understanding attitude toward something
 * 1) awareness, consciousness belief, perception, awareness of something, opinion on something
 * 2) consciousness, sense, conviction conscientious, understanding attitude toward something
 * 1) consciousness, sense, conviction conscientious, understanding attitude toward something
 * 1) consciousness, sense, conviction conscientious, understanding attitude toward something
 * 1) consciousness, sense, conviction conscientious, understanding attitude toward something
 * 1) consciousness, sense, conviction conscientious, understanding attitude toward something

title: apziņa


text:
блондин

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  blond (fair-skinned, fair-haired man)

Noun

 * 1) blond (fair-skinned, fair-haired man)

Etymology
. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) male blonde, blond

title: блондин


text:
блондинка

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * : blonde

Noun

 * : blonde

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * : blonde, blond

title: блондинка


text:
syntaxe

Noun

 * 1)  syntax

Etymology
From, borrowed from , from , from + , from.

Noun

 * 1)  syntax
 * 2)  syntax
 * 1)  syntax

title: syntaxe


text:
dzwon

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) bell
 * 2) sound produced by a bell
 * 3)  car crash

title: dzwon


text:
звонок

Noun

 * 1) bell (signaling device such as a bicycle bell)
 * 2) bell (an audible signal such as a school bell)
 * 3) ring, call (a telephone call or telephone conversation)

title: звонок


text:
zvonec

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) bell (signal at a school)

title: zvonec


text:
bevor

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1)  A portion of plate armour to protect the lower face and the neck, typically in two parts, called upper bevor and lower bevor.

Translations

 * French:
 * German:
 * Italian: barbozza
 * Middle English: baviere
 * Portuguese: barbote
 * Spanish:

Etymology
From, from.

Conjunction

 * 1) before

Usage notes

 * Like, the German conjunction is often followed by a redundant negation, particularly in common speech. Therefore the following two sentences mean the same:

Adverb

 * 1)  before

title: bevor


text:
berî

Preposition

 * 1) before

title: berî


text:
przed

Etymology
.

Preposition

 * 1) ; before
 * 2) ; before, in front of; ahead of

Etymology
..

Preposition

 * 1)  ; before, in front of; ahead of
 * 2)  ; before
 * 3)  ; in front of
 * 4)  according to, in someone's opinion
 * 5)  in relation to
 * 6)  because of
 * 7)  ; of
 * 8)  ; than
 * 9) ; as
 * 10)  ; above
 * 11)  ; in front of
 * 12)  forward; ahead of
 * 13) ; before
 * 14)  ; before
 * 15)  because of
 * 16)  for, benefitting
 * 17) ; above
 * 1)  in relation to
 * 2)  because of
 * 3)  ; of
 * 4)  ; than
 * 5) ; as
 * 6)  ; above
 * 7)  ; in front of
 * 8)  forward; ahead of
 * 9) ; before
 * 10)  ; before
 * 11)  because of
 * 12)  for, benefitting
 * 13) ; above
 * 1) ; as
 * 2)  ; above
 * 3)  ; in front of
 * 4)  forward; ahead of
 * 5) ; before
 * 6)  ; before
 * 7)  because of
 * 8)  for, benefitting
 * 9) ; above
 * 1) ; before
 * 2)  ; before
 * 3)  because of
 * 4)  for, benefitting
 * 5) ; above
 * 1)  for, benefitting
 * 2) ; above
 * 1) ; above
 * 1) ; above
 * 1) ; above

Etymology
.

Preposition

 * 1) ; before, in front of; ahead of
 * 2) ; in front of
 * 3) ; before
 * 4) ; ago
 * 5) before
 * 6) ; against, for; from
 * 7) ; in front of
 * 1) before
 * 2) ; against, for; from
 * 3) ; in front of
 * 1) ; against, for; from
 * 2) ; in front of
 * 1) ; in front of
 * 1) ; in front of
 * 1) ; in front of

Etymology
.

Preposition

 * 1) ; before, in front of
 * 2) ; in front of
 * 3) ; before
 * 4) ; in front of
 * 5) ; ago
 * 6) ; against, for
 * 7) before
 * 1) ; in front of
 * 2) ; ago
 * 3) ; against, for
 * 4) before
 * 1) ; ago
 * 2) ; against, for
 * 3) before
 * 1) ; against, for
 * 2) before
 * 1) before

title: przed


text:
раньше

Adverb

 * 1) earlier, before, in the past

title: раньше


text:
förut

Adverb

 * 1) before (at an earlier time)
 * 2) previously, earlier
 * 1) previously, earlier

Etymology 2
, from the noun

Adverb

 * 1)  bowwards, in the direction forward (towards or past the bow)

title: förut


text:
заранее

Adverb

 * 1) beforehand, in advance, in good time

title: заранее


text:
brique

Etymology
Of origin, from  and, related to.

Noun

 * 1) brick (hardened block used for building)
 * 2) carton box (food packaging)
 * 3)  doorstop thick, massive book, large book
 * 4)  ten thousand French francs one million old francs, ~1524 euros
 * 1)  ten thousand French francs one million old francs, ~1524 euros
 * 1)  ten thousand French francs one million old francs, ~1524 euros

Etymology
Borrowed from,.

Noun

 * 1)  brick

Etymology
From earlier, borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  exchange (an act of exchanging or trading something for another thing)

title: brique


text:
opeka

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) brick (hardened block used for building)

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) brick (hardened block used for building)

title: opeka


text:
przysięgać

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to swear

title: przysięgać


text:
kląć

Etymology
(stem ).

Verb

 * 1)  to swear, to curse
 * 2)  to curse, to imprecate
 * 3)  to missay, to swear, to curse
 * 4)  to swear
 * 1)  to missay, to swear, to curse
 * 2)  to swear
 * 1)  to swear

title: kląć


text:
славей

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) nightingale passerine bird of genus

title: славей


text:
nachtegaal

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1)  The,  (songbird)
 * 2)  vocal talent, born
 * 1)  vocal talent, born

title: nachtegaal


text:
αηδόνι

Etymology
, from, from with stem ἀηδον-.

Pronunciation

 * with synizesis of /ai/

Noun

 * 1) nightingale

title: αηδόνι


text:
pastorizzare

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to pasteurize

title: pastorizzare


text:
næturgali

Noun

 * 1) nightingale

title: næturgali


text:
pastorizzato

Adjective

 * 1) pasteurized

title: pastorizzato


text: pastorizzata

title: pastorizzata


text: pastorizzate

title: pastorizzate


text: pastorizzati

title: pastorizzati


text:
privighetoare

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) nightingale (bird)

title: privighetoare


text:
予報

Noun

 * 1) forecast, prediction
 * 2) weather forecast

Verb

 * 1) forecast, predict

title: 予報


text:
pastorizzazione

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) pasteurization

title: pastorizzazione


text:
slavec

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) nightingale (bird)

title: slavec


text:
bülbül

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) nightingale

Etymology
, itself from, from

Noun

 * 1) nightingale (bird)

title: bülbül


text:
tropico

Noun

 * 1) tropic

title: tropico


text:
tropicale

Adjective

 * 1) tropical

title: tropicale


text:
subtropicale

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) subtropical

title: subtropicale


text:
semitropicale

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) semitropical

title: semitropicale


text:
boreale

Etymology
, from, from.

Adjective

 * 1) boreal, borealis

title: boreale


text:
střízlík

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) wren

title: střízlík


text:
आस्य

Etymology
Derived from.

Noun

 * 1) mouth, jaws
 * 2) face

title: आस्य


text:
कान्त

Adjective

 * 1) desired
 * 2) loved
 * 3) dear
 * 4) pleasing
 * 5) agreeable
 * 6) lovely
 * 7) beautiful

Noun

 * 1) any one beloved, lover, husband
 * 2) the Moon
 * 3) the spring
 * 4) iron
 * 5) stone
 * 6) charming wife
 * 7) the earth

title: कान्त


text:
ёотон

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) sugar cube

title: ёотон


text:
aurora boreale

Noun

 * 1) aurora borealis

title: aurora boreale


text:
vystřízlivět

Verb

 * 1) to sober up, to sober

title: vystřízlivět


text:
punhal

Etymology
Possibly from.

Noun

 * 1) poniard (a dagger with a triangular blade)
 * 2) (generalisation) any dagger
 * 1) (generalisation) any dagger

title: punhal


text:
वारि

Etymology
From. Cognates include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) water
 * 2) rain
 * 3) fluid, fluidity
 * 1) fluid, fluidity

title: वारि


text: Category:cs:Drinking

title: Category:cs:Drinking


text:
кинжал

Etymology
A borrowing. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, , 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Related to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) dagger, poniard (a stabbing weapon)
 * 2)  Russian nuclear-capable hypersonic aero-ballistic air-to-surface missile

title: кинжал


text:
emberek

Noun

 * 1)  a body of human beings; a group of two or more persons

title: emberek


text:
povo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) ability

Noun

 * 1) ability
 * 2) power

Etymology
From (displacing collateral form ), from, from , maybe from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) people
 * 2) hamlet a small village or a group of houses
 * 3)  mob
 * 1)  mob

title: povo


text:
kocovina

Noun

 * 1) hangover

title: kocovina


text:
ve víně je pravda

Etymology
lit. 'in wine there is truth'.

Proverb

 * 1) in vino veritas

title: ve víně je pravda


text:
जा

Verb

 * 1) to eat
 * 2) to have a meal

Noun

 * 1) utensil

Etymology
From, from. Cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to go

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) offspring
 * 2)  descendants
 * 3)  daughter

title: जा


text:
धी

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Root

 * 1) to perceive, think, reflect
 * 2) wish, desire

Noun

 * 1) thought, (especially) religious thought,
 * 2) reflection, meditation, devotion, prayer (pl. Holy Thoughts personified)
 * 3)  Holy Thoughts personified
 * 4) understanding, intelligence, wisdom (personified as the wife of Rudra-Manyu), knowledge, science, art
 * 5) mind, disposition, intention, design
 * 6) notion, opinion

title: धी


text:
भू

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) the Earth
 * 2) land, earth
 * 1) land, earth

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) the earth

Etymology
From. Cognates include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, , and 🇨🇬 (whence 🇨🇬).

Noun

 * 1) the act of becoming or arising
 * 2) the place of being, space, world or universe
 * 3) the earth as constituting one of the 3 worlds
 * 4)  one number
 * 5) earth as a substance, ground, soil, land, landed property
 * 6) floor, pavement
 * 7) a place, spot, piece of ground
 * 8) the base of any geometric figure
 * 9) object, matter
 * 10) a sacrificial fire

Root

 * 1) to be

title: भू


text:
gaufre

Etymology 1
, from or, from , , possibly related to. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  honeycomb
 * 2) waffle

Etymology 2
From Louisiana or, from , said to be a reference to their burrows.

Noun

 * 1) gopher

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1) waffle

title: gaufre


text:
alkoholický

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) alcoholic of beverages

Adjective

 * 1) alcoholic (of beverages)

title: alkoholický


text:
nealkoholický

Adjective

 * 1) nonalcoholic of a beverage, no more than trace amounts of alcohol

title: nealkoholický


text:
dealmaking

Noun

 * 1) The making of commercial, financial or political deals

Related terms

 * dealmaker

title: dealmaking


text:
губернатор

Noun

 * 1) governor

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) governor

Etymology
Borrowed from, from.

Noun

 * 1) governor

title: губернатор


text: M&A

title: M&A


text:
opomba

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) note (marginal comment or explanation)

title: opomba


text:
записка

Noun

 * 1) note, memo (memorandum)

title: записка


text:
anteckning

Noun

 * 1) a note, a memorandum

title: anteckning


text:
tunnussana

Noun

 * 1) password secret word used to gain admittance

title: tunnussana


text:
postupný

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) gradual proceeding by steps or small degrees

title: postupný


text:
postupně

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) gradually in gradual manner
 * 2) step by step
 * 3) one by one
 * 1) one by one

title: postupně


text:
костюм

Noun

 * 1) suit
 * 2) costume

Etymology
From, from , from , ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1) suit (suit of clothes, men’s suit or women’s suit)
 * 2) costume

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  suit (suit of clothes, men’s suit or women’s suit)
 * 2) costume

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) suit (suit of clothes, men’s suit or women’s suit)
 * 2) costume

Noun

 * 1) suit (suit of clothes, men’s suit or women’s suit)
 * 2) costume

title: костюм


text:
naipe

Etymology
, from, most likely from , the second-highest court card in the Mamluk deck. See for more.

Noun

 * 1)   card game category
 * 2)  group, set
 * 3)  section of a band or orchestra
 * 1)  section of a band or orchestra

Etymology
, most likely from, the second-highest court card in the Mamluk deck. See for more.

Noun

 * 1) playing card
 * 2)  deck of cards
 * 1)  deck of cards

title: naipe


text:
βιολογία

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1)  biology (science of living matter)

title: βιολογία


text:
líffræði

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) biology (science of living matter)

title: líffræði


text:
दुष्यति

Etymology
. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to become bad or corrupted, to be defiled or impure, to be ruined, perish
 * 2) to sin, commit a fault, be wrong
 * 3) to spoil or corrupt (the mind)

title: दुष्यति


text:
isomere

Noun

 * 1) (physical chemistry)

title: isomere


text:
dériver

Etymology 1
.

Verb

 * 1)  to derive (originate from)
 * 2)  to drift
 * 3)  to derive
 * 4)  to redirect, to divert
 * 5)  to shunt

Etymology 2
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to unrivet

title: dériver


text:
द्व

Ligature

 * 1) Irregular ligature of  and

Etymology
From, from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 (whence 🇨🇬), 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Numeral

 * 1) two, both

Descendants

 * Dardic:
 * Eastern:
 * Bihari:
 * Western:
 * Southern:
 * Northern:
 * Central:
 * Hindustani:
 * Eastern:
 * Bihari:
 * Western:
 * Southern:
 * Northern:
 * Central:
 * Hindustani:
 * Eastern:
 * Bihari:
 * Western:
 * Southern:
 * Northern:
 * Central:
 * Hindustani:
 * Bihari:
 * Western:
 * Southern:
 * Northern:
 * Central:
 * Hindustani:
 * Southern:
 * Northern:
 * Central:
 * Hindustani:
 * Southern:
 * Northern:
 * Central:
 * Hindustani:
 * Northern:
 * Central:
 * Hindustani:
 * Central:
 * Hindustani:
 * Central:
 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:

title: द्व


text:
éditer

Etymology
Formed from the supine root of.

Verb

 * 1) to publish
 * 2) to edit be the editor of
 * 3) edit to change a text, or a document

title: éditer


text:
szerkeszt

Etymology
From the obsolete verb (the -t ending is probably a causative suffix), from the obsolete  where the  ending is an instantaneous suffix, from the Proto-Uralic participle, also the origin of the noun.

Verb

 * 1)  to construct, build of many parts with precision
 * 2)  to construct
 * 3)  to edit (to change a text or a document)

title: szerkeszt


text:
redigera

Etymology
From ("bring to order"; "bring together"), from red- ("again", "anew"; "backward"; ancient form of re-) and agere ("do", "act").

Verb

 * 1) to edit; to make changes to a text or a document

title: redigera


text:
Anatolian

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to Anatolia or its people, culture, etc.

Translations

 * Armenian: անատոլիական
 * Catalan: anatòlic
 * Danish: anatolisk
 * Dutch: Anatolisch
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Greek:
 * Italian:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: anatolisk
 * Nynorsk: anatolisk
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:, ,
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:

Noun

 * 1) A native or inhabitant of Anatolia.

Translations

 * Catalan: anatòlic
 * Danish: anatolier
 * French: ,
 * Galician:
 * Greek: ,
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:, ,

Proper noun

 * 1) An extinct group of Indo-European languages once spoken in Anatolia, including Hittite and Luwian.

Translations

 * Galician: anatólico
 * Portuguese:

title: Anatolian


text:
𐍄𐌰𐌲𐍂

Etymology
From, from. The h/g alternation (due to Verner's law) in the Proto-Germanic forms has disappeared in Gothic through morphological leveling. Cognates include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  teardrop

title: 𐍄𐌰𐌲𐍂


text:
geweer

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) rifle, gun

Etymology
From. Equivalent to nl.

Noun

 * 1) rifle
 * 2)  gun, in particular a long-barrelled one
 * 3)  weapon, arm
 * 4)  blade weapon
 * 5)  weaponry, arms
 * 6) resistance, opposition, defense
 * 1)  weapon, arm
 * 2)  blade weapon
 * 3)  weaponry, arms
 * 4) resistance, opposition, defense

title: geweer


text:
द्राति

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to run, make haste

title: द्राति


text:
wikipedysta

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Wikipedian

title: wikipedysta


text:
द्रायति

Etymology
, from, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. More details at.

Verb

 * 1) to sleep

title: द्रायति


text:
behaga

Etymology
From, from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to please (to make happy or satisfy)

title: behaga


text:
दश

Numeral

 * 1) Alternative form of.

Etymology
From, from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 (whence 🇨🇬).

Numeral

 * 1) ten

Declension
Irregular declension of (dáśa)

Descendants

 * Dardic:
 * Central Dardic:
 * Chitral:
 * Kunar:
 * Gawar-Shumashti:
 * Pashayi:
 * Eastern Dardic:
 * Kohistani:
 * Kohistani-Bashkari:
 * Bashkari-Torwali:
 * Kanyawali:
 * Kohistani:
 * Shina:
 * Phalura-Savi:
 * Hindustani:
 * Kohistani:
 * Kohistani-Bashkari:
 * Bashkari-Torwali:
 * Kanyawali:
 * Kohistani:
 * Shina:
 * Phalura-Savi:
 * Hindustani:
 * Shina:
 * Phalura-Savi:
 * Hindustani:
 * Phalura-Savi:
 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:
 * Hindustani:

title: दश


text: Category:Sanskrit numerals

title: Category:Sanskrit numerals


text:
koord

Etymology
From, , from , from , from. .

Noun

 * 1) A rope, cord (length of twisted strands)

title: koord


text:
skarvsladd

Noun

 * 1) an extension cord

title: skarvsladd


text:
User talk:Motifra

groupetto
I think you must mean gruppetto (according to Grove Music Online) SemperBlotto 09:57, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

Yes, you are right. My mistake, gruppetto indeed.

title: User talk:Motifra


text: childbearings

title: childbearings


text:
दारु

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  wood

Etymology 1
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 (whence 🇨🇬), 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬

Noun

 * 1) piece of wood, wood, timber

Etymology 2
From.

Adjective

 * 1) bursting, breaking, splitting

title: दारु


text:
Svetoslav

Proper noun

 * 1)  Светослав. Romanized diminutive/nickname: Svetlio.

title: Svetoslav


text:
cynk

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) zinc

Etymology 1
..

Noun

 * 1) zinc

Etymology 2
.

Noun

 * 1)  tip-off

authors: Гражданская оборона

title: cynk


text: kẽm

title: kẽm


text:
λεωφορείο

Etymology
From, an archaic Attic variant of , and from the verb. First coined in 1863 in order to translate the French or. The choice of the obsolete variant instead of the common  was due to the Ancient Greek word  of the same etymology still being in use.

Noun

 * 1)  bus, omnibus

title: λεωφορείο


text:
autóbusz

Noun

 * 1)  bus (vehicle)

title: autóbusz


text:
mísit

Etymology
, from.

Verb

 * 1) to mix

title: mísit


text:
smísit

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to mix

title: smísit


text:
autokar

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) coach, long-distance bus

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) coach, long-distance bus

title: autokar


text:
ônibus

Etymology

 * dative plural of.

Noun

 * 1)  bus vehicle

title: ônibus


text:
जाति

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) birth
 * 2) caste; subcaste, community; community placed in at birth
 * 3) high caste
 * 4) race
 * 5)  species
 * 6) tribe, nationality, lineage

Noun

 * 1) ethnic group
 * 2) race

Etymology
From, from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. The Sanskrit root is.

Noun

 * 1) birth, production
 * 2) rebirth
 * 3) the form of existence (as man, animal, etc.) fixed by birth
 * 4) position assigned by birth, rank, caste, family, race, lineage
 * 5) kind, genus (as opposed to species), species (as opposed to individual), class
 * 6) the generic properties (as opposed to the specific ones)
 * 7) the character of a species, genuine or true state of anything
 * 8) reduction of fractions to a common denominator
 * 9) a self-confuting reply (founded merely on similarity or dissimilarity)
 * 10) a particular figure of speech
 * 11) a class of metres
 * 12) a manner of singing
 * 13) fireplace
 * 14) mace, nutmeg

title: जाति


text:
autocarro

Etymology
From,  and.

Noun

 * 1) lorry/truck

Etymology
From, a and.

Noun

 * 1)  bus (vehicle)

title: autocarro


text:
busse

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) round box, tin, jar
 * 2) firelock

Etymology 1
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) bag, sack, pouch

Noun

 * 1) bus vehicle

Verb

 * 1) bus (to transport via a motor bus)

Etymology
..

title: busse


text:
mancinella

Noun

 * 1) manchineel

title: mancinella


text:
일어서다

Verb

 * 1) To stand up.
 * 2) To take place; to arise.
 * 1) To take place; to arise.

title: 일어서다


text:
mancinismo

Noun

 * 1) left-handedness

title: mancinismo


text:
manciù

Etymology
, from.

Adjective

 * 1) Manchu

Noun

 * 1) Manchu person

Noun

 * 1) Manchu language

title: manciù


text:
Manciuria

Proper noun

 * 1) Manchuria

Proper noun

 * 1) Manchuria

title: Manciuria


text:
Manchuria

Etymology
Probably originally a backformation from, from , from + , possibly as a calque of. Equivalent to and English, with the  added for ease of pronunciation under the influence of names like , , &c. Cf. 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, &c. Further popularized by 's early-19th-century Dutch translations of Japanese maps employing the term, replacing the earlier and vaguer, ,  , &c.

Proper noun

 * 1) The three provinces of Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang and the northeastern part of Inner Mongolia in northeastern China.
 * 2)  The area traditionally inhabited by the Manchu people and their Jurchen predecessors, in modern China and Russia.
 * : a former puppet state of Imperial Japan.
 * 1)  The area traditionally inhabited by the Manchu people and their Jurchen predecessors, in modern China and Russia.
 * : a former puppet state of Imperial Japan.
 * 1)  The area traditionally inhabited by the Manchu people and their Jurchen predecessors, in modern China and Russia.
 * : a former puppet state of Imperial Japan.
 * 1)  The area traditionally inhabited by the Manchu people and their Jurchen predecessors, in modern China and Russia.
 * : a former puppet state of Imperial Japan.
 * : a former puppet state of Imperial Japan.
 * : a former puppet state of Imperial Japan.
 * : a former puppet state of Imperial Japan.
 * : a former puppet state of Imperial Japan.
 * : a former puppet state of Imperial Japan.

Translations

 * Arabic: مَنْشُورِيَا
 * Armenian: Մանջուրիա
 * Asturian: Manchuria
 * Azerbaijani: Mancuriya
 * Basque: Mantxuria
 * Belarusian: Маньчжу́рыя
 * Bengali: মাঞ্চুরিয়া
 * Bulgarian: Манджу́рия
 * Buryat: Манжуур
 * Catalan: Manxúria
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ; ,
 * Czech: Mandžusko
 * Danish: Manchuriet
 * Dutch: Mantsjoerije
 * Esperanto: Manĉurio, Manĉurujo
 * Estonian: Mandžuuria
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Friulian: Mançurie
 * Galician: Manchuria
 * Georgian: მანჯურია
 * German: Mandschurei
 * Greek: Μαντζουρία
 * Hebrew: מנצ׳וריה
 * Hindi: मंचूरिया
 * Hungarian:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian: Manchuria
 * Ingrian: Mancžjuria
 * Irish: Manchúir
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Khmer: ម៉ាន់ជូរី
 * Korean:
 * Kyrgyz: Манжурия
 * Latvian: Mandžūrija
 * Lithuanian: Mandžiūrija
 * Macedonian: Манџурија
 * Malay: Manchuria
 * Manx: Mançhoor
 * Marathi: मांचुरिया
 * Mongolian: Манжуур
 * Mongolian: ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ
 * Norwegian: Mandsjuria
 * Occitan: Manchoria
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: Manciuria
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Ма̀нџӯрија
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: Mandžusko
 * Spanish: Manchuria
 * Swahili: Manchuria
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: Manchuria
 * Telugu: మంచూరియా
 * Thai: แมนจูเรีย
 * Tibetan:
 * Turkish: Mançurya
 * Ukrainian: Маньчжу́рія
 * Uyghur: مانجۇرىيە
 * Uzbek: Manjuriya
 * Vietnamese: (滿洲)
 * Xibe:

title: Manchuria


text:
perski

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  Persian, of Persia

Noun

 * 1) Persian

title: perski


text:
persisch

Adjective

 * 1)  Persian

title: persisch


text:
이러다

Etymology
Contraction of.

Verb

 * 1) to do this; to act in this way
 * 2) to say this

title: 이러다


text:
manciuriano

Adjective

 * 1) Manchurian

Noun

 * 1) Manchurian

title: manciuriano


text:
mancorrente

Noun

 * 1) handrail

title: mancorrente


text:
horog

Etymology
From +.

Noun

 * 1) hook rod bent into a curved shape, especially for fishing
 * 2)  hook
 * 1)  hook
 * 1)  hook
 * 1)  hook

title: horog


text:
mandamentale

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) pertaining to a mandamento

title: mandamentale


text:
mandamento

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1)  former type of Italian administrative district; territory ruled by a praetor
 * 2)  territory ruled by a Sicilian Mafia clan, under a

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a former type of Italian administrative district, under the jurisdiction of a  magistrate
 * 2) the territory of a  clan (its mandate territory, mandatory, commandery)

Noun

 * 1)  commandment command or edict

title: mandamento


text:
крючок

Noun

 * 1) hook
 * 2) fish-hook
 * 3) crochet-needle
 * 4) buttonhook, clasper

title: крючок


text:
mandarinato

Noun

 * 1) mandarinate

title: mandarinato


text:
комшија

Etymology
, older, now 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  neighbour

Etymology
, older, now 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  neighbour (a person living on adjacent or nearby land)

Usage notes
The preferred word in literary Croatian is.

Related terms

 * комшијка
 * комшијка

title: комшија


text:
mandibolare

Adjective

 * 1) mandibular

title: mandibolare


text:
сусед

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) neighbor

Etymology
. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) neighbor (a person living on adjacent or nearby land)

title: сусед


text:
mandolinista

Noun

 * 1) mandolinist person who plays a mandolin

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) mandolinist

Noun

 * 1) mandolinist

title: mandolinista


text:
mandolino

Noun

 * 1) mandolin

Noun

 * 1) mandolin

Etymology
Diminutive of.

Noun

 * 1) mandolin

title: mandolino


text:
mandorlato

Adjective

 * 1)  almonds
 * 2) almondine

Noun

 * 1) almond cake

title: mandorlato


text:
mandragola

Noun

 * 1) mandrake, mandragora

title: mandragola


text:
vyjít

Etymology
. Equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1) to rise of celestial body
 * 2)  to get by, to get along
 * 3)  to get along to be together or coexist well, without arguments or trouble
 * 4) to succeed, to turn out well
 * 1)  to get along to be together or coexist well, without arguments or trouble
 * 2) to succeed, to turn out well
 * 1) to succeed, to turn out well

title: vyjít


text:
개성

Noun

 * 1) reform, improvement in quality

Noun

 * 1) individuality, distinction

Noun

 * 1) Opening the gates of a fortress
 * 2) surrender

title: 개성


text:
paradigme

Etymology
, itself borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) paradigm model or example

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) a paradigm

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) a paradigm

title: paradigme


text:
zapadnout

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to set of a heavenly body: to disappear below the horizon

title: zapadnout


text:
парадигма

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , from.

Noun

 * 1)  paradigm

Noun

 * 1)  paradigm

Etymology
, from, from. .

Noun

 * 1) paradigm
 * 2)  paradigm

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1)  paradigm

Noun

 * 1)  paradigm

Etymology
, from, from.

Noun

 * 1)  paradigm

title: парадигма


text:
지켜보다

Etymology
From, infinitive form of , and.

Verb

 * 1)  to watch; to keep an eye on; to observe; to look after

title: 지켜보다


text:
접근

Noun

 * 1) approach
 * 2) being friendly.
 * 3)  access
 * 1)  access

title: 접근


text:
zapadat

Verb

 * 1) to fit
 * 1) to fit

title: zapadat


text:
दहति

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1) to burn, consume by fire, scorch, roast
 * 2) to cauterize
 * 3) to consume, destroy completely
 * 4) to torment, torture, pain, distress, disturb, grieve
 * 5) to be burnt, burn, be in flames
 * 6) to be consumed by fire or destroyed
 * 7) to be inflamed (a wound)
 * 8) to be consumed by internal heat or grief, suffer pain, be distressed or vexed
 * 9) to cause to be cooked

title: दहति


text:
cook off

Verb

 * 1)  To eliminate by cooking.
 * You have to cook off the excess liquid.
 * 1)  To heat alcohol in preparation for distilling liquor.
 * 2)  To pull the pin from a grenade and wait two or three seconds before throwing.
 * 3)  As above, except to unintentionally wait so long that the grenade detonates.
 * 4)  To cause an accidental detonation of explosives due to excess heat.
 * 5)  To accidentally detonate as the result of excess heat.

title: cook off


text:
धयति

Etymology
From, from , from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to suck, drink, suck or drink in
 * 2) to absorb, appropriate
 * 3) to suckle, nourish

title: धयति


text:
Luso-

Etymology
From.

Prefix

 * 1) Relating to Portugal or the Portuguese people, language, or culture.

Coordinate terms

 * Appendix:English nationality prefixes

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Korean:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: португа́льско-
 * Spanish: luso-

title: Luso-


text: sloops

title: sloops


text:
Mandragora

Etymology
From.

Hypernyms

 * ; - subfamily;  - tribe

Hyponyms

 * - type species;,  - other species

title: Mandragora


text:
春社

Noun

 * 1) A festival in honor of the earth god, observed on the 5th day which begins with Yang earth (戊) (see Sexagenary cycle), after lichun.

title: 春社


text:
vhodný

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) suitable, fit

title: vhodný


text:
秋社

Noun

 * 1) A festival in honor of the earth god, observed on the 5th day which begins with Yang earth (戊) (see Sexagenary cycle), after liqiu.

title: 秋社


text:
Atropa

Etymology
Via from.

Hypernyms

 * ; - subfamily;  - tribe

Hyponyms

 * ,, , , - species

Derived terms

 * atropine

title: Atropa


text:
迎神賽會

Noun

 * 1) A folk festival in which gongs and drums are played, and lively costumes worn, all in honor of a deity whose statue is carried through the streets of a village in a procession.

title: 迎神賽會


text: 迎神赛会

title: 迎神赛会


text:
दधाति

Etymology
From, from , from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. 🇨🇬 (whence 🇨🇬). The "wish to give" senses are from a conflation with in PIE, see.

Verb

 * 1) to put, place, set, lay in or on
 * 2) to inflict punishment on
 * 3) to put one's foot in another's footstep i.e. imitate
 * 4) to take or bring or help to
 * 5) to direct or fix the mind or attention upon, think of, fix or resolve upon
 * 6) to destine for, bestow on, present or impart to
 * 7) to appoint, establish, constitute
 * 8) to render
 * 9) to make, produce, generate, create, cause, effect, perform, execute
 * 10) to seize, take hold of, hold, bear, support, wear, put on (clothes)
 * 11) to accept, obtain, conceive (especially in the womb), to take pleasure or delight in
 * 12) to assume, have, possess, show, exhibit, incur, undergo
 * 13) to wish to put in or lay on
 * 14) to wish to give or present
 * 15) to wish to gain, strive after
 * 16) to bid defiance

Descendants

 * Dardic:

title: दधाति


text:
迎神

Noun

 * 1)  to welcome the gods

title: 迎神


text:
賽會

Noun

 * 1)  folk festival in which gongs and drums are played, and lively costumes worn, all in honor of a deity whose statue is carried through the streets of a village in a procession

title: 賽會


text: 赛会

title: 赛会


text:
γρίπη

Noun

 * 1)  influenza, flu, 'flu

title: γρίπη


text:
flensa

Etymology
Shortened from, from.

Noun

 * 1) flu (influenza)

Etymology
Borrowed from, from.

Noun

 * 1) flange:
 * 2) an external or internal rib or rim, used either to add strength or to hold something in place.
 * 3) the projecting edge of a rigid or semi-rigid component.

title: flensa


text:
nevhodný

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) unsuitable, inappropriate

title: nevhodný


text:
裝載

Verb

 * 1)  to load

title: 裝載


text:
zêtes

Etymology
From the pronunciation of  with the elision of the first syllable.

title: zêtes


text: 装载

title: 装载


text:
flunsa

Noun

 * 1)  flu (influenza)

title: flunsa


text:
vhodnost

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) suitability, fitness

title: vhodnost


text:
sidefoot

Verb

 * 1)  To kick something with the instep of the foot.

Translations

 * Swedish:

title: sidefoot


text: side-foot

title: side-foot


text:
धृष्णोति

Etymology
From, from , from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 (whence 🇨🇬).

Verb

 * 1) to be bold or courageous or confident or proud
 * 2) to dare or venture
 * 3) to dare to attack, treat with indignity
 * 4) to surpass
 * 5) to offend, violate (a woman)
 * 6) to overpower, overcome

title: धृष्णोति


text:
連軫

Adverb

 * 1)  in a long procession (of vehicles)

title: 連軫


text: 连轸

title: 连轸


text:
padnout

Etymology
, from former, from , from , from.

Verb

 * 1) to fit of clothing
 * 2) to fall to die, especially in battle
 * 1) to fall to die, especially in battle
 * 1) to fall to die, especially in battle

Conjugation

 * #1

 * #2

title: padnout


text:
揚言

Verb

 * 1) to spread the word ; to threaten to
 * 2)  to make something widely known; to spread the word

Noun

 * 1) proclamation

Verb

 * 1) to proclaim

title: 揚言


text: 扬言

title: 扬言


text:
焚燒

Verb

 * 1) to burn; to set on fire; to set fire; to incinerate

title: 焚燒


text: 焚烧

title: 焚烧


text:
人頭

Noun

 * 1) human head
 * 2) number of people (compare Latin )
 * 3)  interpersonal relation
 * 4)  people who knowingly or unknowingly provide their identity information which is used by someone else for illegal activities
 * 1)  interpersonal relation
 * 2)  people who knowingly or unknowingly provide their identity information which is used by someone else for illegal activities
 * 1)  people who knowingly or unknowingly provide their identity information which is used by someone else for illegal activities

title: 人頭


text: 人头

title: 人头


text:
forel

Etymology
From, from ,.

Noun

 * 1) A kind of parchment for book covers; a forrill.

Verb

 * 1) To bind with a forel.

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) A trout,.
 * 2) One of certain fish of the subfamily, specifically certain members of the genera  and.

title: forel


text:
oblečení

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1) clothing
 * 1) clothing

title: oblečení


text:
truta

Noun

 * 1) trout

Etymology
From, of uncertain origin, possibly from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) trout fish in which spawns more than once

Noun

 * 1)  cellmate
 * 2)  a close friend, especially one who helps with illegal activity
 * 1)  a close friend, especially one who helps with illegal activity

title: truta


text:
postrv

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) trout

title: postrv


text:
oblek

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) suit set of clothes to be worn together

title: oblek


text: angyalok

title: angyalok


text:
šaty

Etymology
Plural of.

Noun

 * 1) dress item of clothing usually worn by a woman or young girl
 * 2) clothes, clothing

Noun

 * 1) dress

title: šaty


text: autóbuszok

title: autóbuszok


text:
ajaleht

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) newspaper (publication)

title: ajaleht


text:
εφημερίδα

Etymology
From the accusative of  from, from.

Noun

 * 1) newspaper, gazette

title: εφημερίδα


text: apósok

title: apósok


text:
दुहितृ

Etymology
From, from , from an earlier , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) daughter

Descendants

 * Dardic:

title: दुहितृ


text:
rojname

Noun

 * 1) newspaper

title: rojname


text:
nûçename

Noun

 * 1) newspaper

title: nûçename


text: fővárosok

title: fővárosok


text:
gazeta

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) newspaper

Etymology
From, from , or.

Noun

 * 1) newspaper

Etymology
.   . Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  newspaper
 * 2) newspaper
 * 3) newspaper
 * 4) newspaper
 * 5) newspaper
 * 6)  newspaper, newsprint
 * 1)  newspaper, newsprint

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) gazette newspaper

Noun

 * : newspaper

title: gazeta


text:
sukně

Noun

 * 1) skirt

title: sukně


text: nagynénik

title: nagynénik


text:
love song

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) A song about love; a song that expresses amorous feelings.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 情歌
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Esperanto: amkanto
 * Finnish:
 * French: chanson d'amour
 * German:
 * Italian: canzone d'amore
 * Japanese: 愛の歌,, 恋歌,
 * Korean: 연가, 사랑의 노래,, 러브 송
 * Malayalam: പ്രണയഗാനം
 * Maori: waiata ipo, waiata aroha
 * Russian: пе́сня о любви́, любо́вная пе́сня
 * Spanish: canción de amor
 * Swedish:, , kärlekslåt
 * Turkish: aşk şarkısı
 * Vietnamese:, tình khúc

title: love song


text:
oděv

Noun

 * 1) clothing
 * 2) garment

title: oděv


text: horgok

title: horgok


text:
entendido

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) expert
 * 2) knowledgeable
 * 1) knowledgeable

Interjection

 * 1) got it; roger that

Noun

 * 1) expert

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) understood; clear
 * 2) able; experienced
 * 3) well-informed; well-learned
 * 1) well-informed; well-learned
 * 1) well-informed; well-learned

title: entendido


text:
look to

Verb

 * 1)  To seek inspiration or advice or reward from someone.
 * 2)  To take care of.
 * 3)   To intend to; to prepare to; to seem likely to.
 * 1)  To take care of.
 * 2)   To intend to; to prepare to; to seem likely to.
 * 1)   To intend to; to prepare to; to seem likely to.
 * 1)   To intend to; to prepare to; to seem likely to.

Translations

 * Russian:

 * Bulgarian: грижа се
 * Russian:

title: look to


text:
šála

Noun

 * 1) scarf knitted garment worn around the neck

title: šála


text:
šátek

Noun

 * 1) headscarf, scarf

title: šátek


text:
valkovenäjänkielinen

Adjective

 * 1) Belarusian pertaining to Belarusian language

title: valkovenäjänkielinen


text:
šál

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1)  shawl

title: šál


text:
belarussisch

Etymology
From with additional s; probably influenced by  (related to ) and ; literally meaning.

Adjective

 * 1)  Belarusian of or pertaining to Belarus

title: belarussisch


text:
белорусский

Adjective

 * 1) Belorussian relating to Belorussia, former state of the Soviet Union
 * 2) Belarusian relating to Belarus, current nation formed from the same territory

Noun

 * 1) Belarusian language

title: белорусский


text:
दातृ

Etymology 1
From, from , from , from (whence ). Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬/, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) giver, donor, liberal
 * 2) one who gives a daughter (gen.) in marriage
 * 3) a father or brother who gives a daughter or sister in marriage
 * 4) one who offers (his wife)
 * 5) creditor
 * 6) granting, permitting
 * 7) founder

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1) mowing, mower

title: दातृ