text:
dolostone

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  A sedimentary carbonate rock that contains a high percentage of the mineral dolomite.

Translations

 * Finnish: dolomiittikivi
 * French:
 * German: Dolomitstein
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese: dolomito
 * Spanish:

title: dolostone


text:
leaf gap

Noun

 * 1)  A gap or break in the central cylinder of vascular tissue within a plant's stem, caused by the extension of the tissue as a leaf trace.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: leaf gap


text: leaf gaps

title: leaf gaps


text:
leaf trace

Noun

 * 1)  An extension of vascular tissue from a plant's stem into a nearby leaf, resulting in a leaf gap in the plant's stele.

title: leaf trace


text: leaf traces

title: leaf traces


text: 池辺

title: 池辺


text:
Talk:池辺

Etymology
Does it mean "pond edge" or "pool edge"? 24.29.238.60 22:47, 11 January 2009 (UTC)

 * 池 is pond. But as a name, this does not really mean anything. Bendono 05:11, 25 August 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:池辺


text:
Schmelzflocken

Noun

 * 1) finely ground rolled oats / oatmeal that almost dissolves ("melts") in milk and is eaten as or added on top of breakfast cereal
 * 2)  dandruff

title: Schmelzflocken


text:
ectophloic

Adjective

 * 1)  Of stems in which the phloem is external to the xylem.

title: ectophloic


text:
amphiphloic

Adjective

 * 1)  Of stems in which the phloem is both external and internal to the xylem.

title: amphiphloic


text:
dyskeratosis

Noun

 * 1)  Incomplete or abnormal keratinization occurring prematurely within individual cells or groups of cells below the stratum granulosum.

title: dyskeratosis


text:
vascular bundle

Noun

 * 1)  A strand of xylem, phloem, and their associated tissues within a eustele or atactostele.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 維管束
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish:
 * Japanese:

title: vascular bundle


text: vascular bundles

title: vascular bundles


text:
Transpressionismus

Noun

 * 1) transpressionism

title: Transpressionismus


text:
Talk:überaffentittengeil

Quote: "I'm definitely not "super ape tit horny" Those Germans sure have a way with words. (Yes, I know it's supposed to mean super-cool, but the literal translation is just wacky.) ". Mutante 23:05, 11 January 2009 (UTC)

RFV discussion
That word makes me kind of embarassed [sic]. Additionally, it does not seem to be citable. -- Prince Kassad 23:12, 28 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Almost unfindable on Google, less than 100 hits. Google Books, zero, Google Groups two. Looks like a likely fail, but feel free to try other sources. Mglovesfun (talk) 22:41, 29 March 2010 (UTC)

RFV failed, entry deleted. —Ruakh TALK 12:21, 11 September 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:überaffentittengeil


text:
gekonnt

Adjective

 * 1) masterful, skilful

Adverb

 * 1) masterfully, skilfully

title: gekonnt


text: Partizipien

title: Partizipien


text: Partizips

title: Partizips


text: gespürt

title: gespürt


text: aerial roots

title: aerial roots


text:
Arbeitskraft

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) worker, employee
 * 2) labor force, manpower
 * 3)  workforce
 * 4)  labour power
 * 1)  labour power

title: Arbeitskraft


text: Arbeitskräfte

title: Arbeitskräfte


text:
Mapuche

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) An indigenous group of inhabitants of Central and Southern Chile and Southern Argentina.
 * 2) The language of the Mapuche people.
 * 1) The language of the Mapuche people.

Noun

 * 1) A member of this people.

Translations

 * Arabic: مَابُوتْشِي
 * Belarusian: Мапучы
 * Catalan: maputxe
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 馬普切人
 * Czech: mapučové
 * Esperanto: mapuĉo
 * Japanese: マプチェ
 * Korean: 마푸체
 * Spanish:, araucanes

Adjective

 * Of, from, or pertaining to this people or their language.

title: Mapuche


text:
amphiphytic

Adjective

 * 1) Growing on the edges of water or wetlands, and therefore sometimes submerged.

title: amphiphytic


text:
User talk:89.100.136.176

trademark erosion
"coke" is not trademarked. --EncycloPetey 23:19, 11 January 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:89.100.136.176


text:
Airbag

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) airbag

title: Airbag


text: Airbags

title: Airbags


text:
Acid

Noun

 * 1)  LSD, acid drug
 * 2) a musical genre marked by fast, often computer-generated rhythms; acid
 * 1) a musical genre marked by fast, often computer-generated rhythms; acid

title: Acid


text: Punks

title: Punks


text:
ragály

Etymology
From the same stem as.

Noun

 * 1)  contagion, plague a serious infectious disease
 * 2)  epidemic a widespread disease that affects many individuals in a population
 * 1)  epidemic a widespread disease that affects many individuals in a population

title: ragály


text: ragályok

title: ragályok


text:
steinhart

Etymology
From. Also equivalent to (the prefix developed from formations such as this).

Adjective

 * 1) hard as stone, stonehard

title: steinhart


text:
steinern

Adjective

 * 1)  stone made of stone

title: steinern


text: stiertje

title: stiertje


text:
закат

Noun

 * 1) tax

Noun

 * 1)  sunset
 * 2) decline
 * 3)  west

title: закат


text:
epitomy

Etymology
This misspelling likely derives from the fact that many English words ending in /i/ represent it with "y", e.g. anatomy, bigamy, infinity, etc.

title: epitomy


text:
月桂冠

Noun

 * 1) laurel wreath; laurel crown

Etymology
From. 月桂 is an abbreviation for 月桂樹, a laurel tree.

Noun

 * 1) a crown made from the leaves of a laurel tree; a laurel crown

title: 月桂冠


text:
secuela

Noun

 * 1) consequence, result
 * 2) aftereffect/after-effect, effect
 * 3)  sequela
 * 4)  sequel

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) consequence, result
 * 2) aftereffect/after-effect, effect
 * 3)  sequela disease or condition which is caused by an earlier disease or problem
 * 4)  sequel
 * 1)  sequel

title: secuela


text: secuelas

title: secuelas


text: secos

title: secos


text: 晋一郎

title: 晋一郎


text:
Talk:-ois

Do we need so many examples? --YaK 00:15, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:-ois


text: abundantes

title: abundantes


text: áreas

title: áreas


text:
antesala

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) antechamber

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) anteroom, antechamber
 * 2) prelude
 * 3)  third base
 * 1)  third base

title: antesala


text: yarağı

title: yarağı


text: yaraklar

title: yaraklar


text:
更生

Verb

 * 1) to be reborn
 * 2) to become rejuvenated; to be reinvigorated; to be revived
 * 3) to renew; to reuse; to restore

Noun

 * 1) the process of restoring one to be a productive member of society; rehabilitation
 * 2) being reborn; rebirth
 * 3) restoring an object that has lost its value to its former value; restoration

title: 更生


text:
barullo

Etymology
Perhaps a, from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) uproar, din
 * 2) disorder

Etymology
or.

Noun

 * 1) uproar
 * 2) din, noise

title: barullo


text:
cariz

Etymology
Attested since circa 1750. .

Noun

 * 1) countenance; face
 * 2) aspect; appearance; looks
 * 1) aspect; appearance; looks

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) aspect
 * 2) character, nature

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1) caraway plant
 * 2) caraway seed/fruit
 * 1) caraway seed/fruit

Noun

 * 1) aspect, condition
 * 2) appearance

title: cariz


text:
reprisar

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to rerun, to re-air

title: reprisar


text:
Abbevillien

Proper noun

 * 1)  the Abbevillian period

title: Abbevillien


text:
Aalénien

Proper noun

 * 1)  the Aalenian period

title: Aalénien


text: abrikozen

title: abrikozen


text:
tuholaismyrkky

Noun

 * 1) pesticide

title: tuholaismyrkky


text:
Category talk:Words which mix scripts

I see that Montenegrin is working out how it's going to be. Currently its alphabet uses one Cyrllic letter mixed in with Latin letters. Two examples here are biзin and faзola. This made me wonder if there are Latin letters already or if there is already a Unicode proposal. Now I've discovered Latin Extended-D which includes Ꜣ / ꜣ U+A722 / U+A723 "LATIN LETTER EGYPTOLOGICAL ALEF" which is obviously semantically wrong but also Ꝫ / ꝫ U+A76A / U+A76B "LATIN LETTER ET". Does anybody know this letter's raison d'etre? It doesn't look right in biꝫin and faꝫola but might that be a font issue? — hippietrail 00:48, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

"That," not "which"
The proper word in this category title should be "that," not "which." The latter usually follows a longer clause, and a comma. 71.66.97.228 03:42, 28 June 2010 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Words which mix scripts


text: zoemers

title: zoemers


text: zoemertje

title: zoemertje


text: pleegouders

title: pleegouders


text: mengsels

title: mengsels


text:
User talk:PictureChasers~enwiktionary

waterfalled
If you look at the "Verb" sense for waterfall:, you'll see that this term is already under review. --EncycloPetey 01:00, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called PictureChasers. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name PictureChasers~enwiktionary that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:05, 18 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 07:22, 21 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:PictureChasers~enwiktionary


text: mengseltje

title: mengseltje


text:
ἀργύριον

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) small coin, coinage
 * 2) money
 * 3) silver

title: ἀργύριον


text:
User talk:Homo sapiens

vinco
Thanks for catching the error on victus:! However, please do not change the link for a fourth principal part from the supine to the participle. Some dictionaries do use the masculine nominative singular of the perfect passive participle as the fourth principal part, but many other dictionaries and texts prefer the supine. On Wiktionary, we use the supine. Yes, this means that there will be a red link because the page does not exist yet, but that is where the link should point, and not to the nominative masculine singular perfect passive participle. --EncycloPetey 01:06, 12 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Duly noted; thanks Homo sapiens 04:40, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Homo sapiens


text:
tisores

Etymology
,, from  , from. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,. The -i-, also found in Spanish and Asturian, may be explained due to gradual influence from, (cf. ).

Noun

 * 1) scissors

title: tisores


text:
uitgedoofde vulkaan

Noun

 * 1) extinct volcano

title: uitgedoofde vulkaan


text: vulkanen

title: vulkanen


text: éssers humans

title: éssers humans


text: veters

title: veters


text: vetertje

title: vetertje


text:
slapende vulkaan

Noun

 * 1) dormant volcano

title: slapende vulkaan


text:
Category talk:Dutch adjective forms

There are alternative spelling words in this category, would it not be better to put them in the Dutch alternative spellings category..? I actually think the pages here should be merged with Category:Dutch adjectives... -- 6Sixx 01:32, 12 January 2009 (UTC)
 * We don't merge different spellings. Each spelling gets its own entry.  Consider: the spelling may be a word in another language, but also in Dutch.  A user needs to be able to find all meanings of a word at that spelling. --EncycloPetey 01:34, 12 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Sorry, let me rephrase -- I mean, not merge the pages, but rather merge the categories i.e "Category:Dutch adjective forms" merged with "Category:Dutch adjectives" - about the spelling, the page Amerikaanse clearly states that it is an alternative form of the word Amerikaans... should we not place the Amerikaanse article in "Dutch alternative spellings" instead of here? -- 6Sixx 01:38, 12 January 2009 (UTC)
 * I understand. Yes, I think I would categorize Amerikaanse in simply Category:Dutch adjectives and Category:Dutch alternative forms.  I've added the usual templates to that page. --EncycloPetey 01:43, 12 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Any thought on the other suggestion? (merging this category with Category:Dutch adjectives?) I'm not all that experienced with Dutch but I can't see any difference between the articles in the two categories.. -- 6Sixx 01:50, 12 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Sounds reasonable, but there is a technical issue. The "adjective forms" category and those like it exist across many languages, and are often added by template.  Having one language lack the category would probably result in mis-indexed pages and people re-creating the category anyway.  You might raise this issue in the WT:BP, where issues like this are usually discussed. --EncycloPetey 04:31, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Dutch adjective forms


text: slapende vulkanen

title: slapende vulkanen


text: uitgedoofde vulkanen

title: uitgedoofde vulkanen


text: dormant volcanoes

title: dormant volcanoes


text:
myrskyfokka

Noun

 * 1)  A storm jib.

title: myrskyfokka


text:
storm jib

Noun

 * 1)  A small jib, used in a storm to reduce the sail area to the minimum required for maintaining manoeuvrability of the vessel.

Translations

 * Danish:
 * Finnish: myrskyfokka
 * Italian: tormentina

title: storm jib


text: 甦生

title: 甦生


text:
蘇生

Noun

 * 1) restoring consciousness, breathing, or vigor; resuscitation

Verb

 * 1) to resurrect, to revive

title: 蘇生


text:
drifteri

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  drifter sail

title: drifteri


text:
序破急

Noun

 * 1) a three-stage system transitioning from slow to faster to swift utilized in a number of traditional Japanese arts including music and theater

title: 序破急


text: beenderen

title: beenderen


text:
御崎馬

Noun

 * 1) Misaki; a type of horse native to Japan

title: 御崎馬


text:
岬馬

Noun

 * 1) Misaki; a type of horse native to Japan

title: 岬馬


text:
carnalize

Verb

 * 1)  To make physical or materialistic, as opposed to spiritual
 * We must not allow our worship to become carnalized.

title: carnalize


text:
careerwise

Alternative forms

 * career-wise

Adverb

 * 1) In terms of one's career occupation, profession.

title: careerwise


text:
bordelaise

Etymology
, from the longer expression.

Adjective

 * 1)  Served with Bordelaise sauce.

title: bordelaise


text:
Rìgh Innse Gall

Etymology
+ +

Proper noun

 * 1) The title held by the Norwegian kings as feudal overlords of the outer Western Scottish islands, such as the Hebrides; rendered as Lord of the Isles in English

title: Rìgh Innse Gall


text:
食べ放題

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) all you can eat

title: 食べ放題


text:
User talk:6Sixx

Thanks for taking care of that vandalism. -Atelaes λάλει ἐμοί 03:12, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:6Sixx


text:
略奪

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) a looting, plunder, robbery

Verb

 * 1) loot, plunder, rob

title: 略奪


text:
掠奪

Verb

 * 1) to plunder; to rob; to pillage

title: 掠奪


text:
barware

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Drinking utensils that lack a stem, such as beer mugs.

title: barware


text:
airsoft

Noun

 * 1) A modern combat sport in which participants eliminate their opponents by hitting them with spherical non-metallic pellets launched from a compressed-air gun

title: airsoft


text: level headed

title: level headed


text: vlogs

title: vlogs


text: withholdings

title: withholdings


text:
whiskeyed

Adjective

 * 1) Treated or infused with whiskey.

Usage notes

 * See notes at.

title: whiskeyed


text: vodoun

title: vodoun


text:
Talk:dote

Additional woodworking sense
Another definition of dote, in woodworking, is rot. Also dode or doze. I was looking for the spelling of "dotey" but alas. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 4.88.104.237 (talk • contribs) 04:23, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

Tea room discussion
New to this, I'm a carpenter who was looking up "dote" to find the spelling of doty, both of which mean rot or incipient decay in wood.

I found a spelling of doty here; http://www.answers.com/topic/doty-1 The US Forest Products Labs (a recognized industry authority) mentions the use of Dote, or Doze, in a pdf here; http://usasearch.gov/search?affiliate=fpl.fs.fed.us&v%3Aproject=firstgov&query=dote

Sorry I don't know enough about the parts of speech, or whether this is too specific, to edit a dictionary, thanks and best luck. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 4.88.104.237 (talk • contribs) 04:48, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

Etymology
I wonder if dotty is related to this. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 07:29, 17 December 2015 (UTC)

 * No; there is no evidence of any connection. Please see etymology of dotty. Andrew H. Gray 13:13, 19 January 2016 (UTC) Andrew (talk)

title: Talk:dote


text:
Talk:nationality

Definition of nationality (2009)
The real definition should be what nation one defines themselves as.
 * This is getting overly complex and confusing: you say that nationality is "National or ethnic character", "Nationalism or patriotism", "Political existence, independence, or unity".  I am sure, it’s copied from another online dictionary, but this lacks some common sense.

 * “Nationalism or patriotism" is forms of ideology, while “nationality” is a status of affiliation: you can’t mix both. Also "Independence" is a state act.   These could be related to "nationality" but they are not synonyms at all. The "ethnic character" is primarily a Russian/Ukrainian meaning of this word.
 * To put it simple in one word, in English "nationality" generally means "citizenship". There are some nuances, which reflected in Wikipedia, but here in the Wikionary let’s  keep it simple and let’s not overload this with inadequate   words and translations of these words.  Besides, the offered Slavic translations are incorrect, making assumption, that "nationality" is the equal to "ethnicity". Some web quotations on this aubject:

http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=nationality nationality
 * 1) the country that you are a citizen of.
 * 2) the country that you hold a passport of.
 * 3) you can claim nationality of a country by birth, descent (child or grandchild of citizens) or naturalization (marriage)

http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080729000546AAOVrIL
 * Difference between race/nationality/ethnicity
 * Nationality generally refers to what country you are a citizen of (Canadian, German, American, Japanese). Ethnicity vaguely refers to what "original" socially and linguistically-coherent group of people one is descended from. This is different from nationality since while most people living in Germany and Austria are citizens of their respective countries claiming their respective nationalities, for the most part, they all belong to one German ethnic group sharing a pretty common culture and language (while many immigrant groups live in these countries and can claim German or Austrian nationality, they aren't ethnically German).

http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1B1-360842.html
 * nationality (From: Encyclopedia Britannica)
 * Affiliation with a particular nation or sovereign state. People, business corporations, ships, and aircraft all have nationalities.

http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761559423/nationality.html
 * Nationality, in law, condition or status of belonging to, or having legal identity with, a nation or state. …See Citizen; Naturalization.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationality
 * Nationality is a pseudo-relationship between a person and their state of origin, culture, association, affiliation and/or loyalty. Nationality affords the state jurisdiction over the person, and affords the person the protection of the state  …The legal sense of nationality, particularly in the English speaking world, may often mean citizenship

http://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=nationality&oldid=3445883 (earlier version)
 * nationality (plural nationalities)
 * 1.	citizenship
 * I am removing inadequate content. Chelentano 04:28, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

I have added the following other definitions: From Random House (at dictionary.com):

 * 1. the status of belonging to a particular nation, whether by birth or naturalization: the nationality of an immigrant.
 * 2. the relationship of property, holdings, etc., to a particular nation, or to one or more of its members: the nationality of a ship.
 * Note that both of these definitions include a legal status, that is, citizenship. An ethnic definition of "nationality" cannot include legal status, only a birth status.

From American Heritage (at dictionary.com):
 * 1. The status of belonging to a particular nation by origin, birth, or naturalization.
 * Once again, the legal status implied by "naturalization" is only appropriate when discussion citizenship, not ethnicity.

For both of these two authoritative dictionaries of American English, the notion of "citizenship" is the first definition of "nationality" and the notion of "ethnicity" is secondary. Websters has citizenship as the last option. Thus, two out of three American dictionaries give citizenship as the first options. (Taivo 11:35, 12 January 2009 (UTC))

 * The definition has been carefully compared to the definitions in the three major American English dictionaries and includes the primary meanings and variants found therein in a consensus order. Please justify your reversion to an inferior definition.  (Taivo 12:32, 12 January 2009 (UTC))

The most common definition found for nationality is "citizenship". That is the primary usage in English sources. The first definition should therefore be citizenship. Subsequent definitions generally involve ethnicity and membership in a "nation". Other definitions include the sovereignty of a "nation" or "region" and patriotism. (Taivo 12:38, 12 January 2009 (UTC))

Tea room discussion
Seeking a consensus on a good, comprehensive arrangement and wording of definitions. See also WT:RFC, Appendix:Dictionary notes/nationality. The discussion has gotten a bit long and bogged down, so I'm moving it here.

User:Chelentano has made rather ingenious use of the dictionary notes to prepare a sort of consensus ordering of definitions, to wit:
 * 1) Membership of individual or organization in a particular state, by origin, birth, naturalization, ownership, allegiance, etc. See citizenship
 * 2) Membership of individual in a particiular nation by origin or birth. See ethnicity
 * 3) A people sharing a common origin, culture, language, etc.
 * 4) Existence of a region or people as a distinct nation or state
 * 5) An emotional attachment to one's nation; patriotism

Do folks have any further thoughts about how best to order and word these, for maximal clarity and minimal confusion? I'm inclined to think that the last two should at least be labeled. -- Visviva 04:15, 15 January 2009 (UTC)

 * (Responding to myself :-) A good bit of the earlier discussion turned on the relationship between "nationality" and "citizenship". Turning to Black's, I note that it has definitions 3 and 1 above, followed by the "nationality of a ship" definition.  Curiously, it defines #1 above solely in terms of the relationship between a citizen and a state, and also notes that this is sometimes used as a straightforward synonym for citizenship.  Unlike some other dictionaries, Black's does not indicate that this term can be used for the relationship between a non-citizen national and a state.  This seems odd, but I'm hardly in a position to argue with the dictionary of Anglo-American law.  Would anyone with legal training care to weigh in?  -- Visviva 04:28, 15 January 2009 (UTC)

 * I'm not familiar with Black's or US law, so I'm speculating, but it seems to me that general US law would only be concerned with legally-defined nationality and citizenship. Since US justice is blind, ethnicity would be omitted, since any mention of it in legal proceedings might represent prejudice being applied.  We could add a specific definition which is restricted to (US law).

 * This would be country-specific. In Canada, for example, various rights and equity laws recognize visible minorities, Aboriginal and First Nations status, minority languages, and multiculturalism. —Michael Z. 2009-01-16 19:54 z

 * 2) Membership of individual in a particiular nation by origin or birth. See ethnicity - Where did you guys get this? This is not a common definition in our Appendix? Besides, the word particiular  spelled wrong. The #2 must be removed. I specifically oppose the 'ethnicity' part. "origin or birth" is not the same as ethnicity. Also the 'ethnicity' ranked #9 (the last place) in the Appendix table. We should not accommodate all 9, but pick the top 4 or 5, not more. Chelentano 04:54, 15 January 2009 (UTC)

 * I calculated ranking of each definition by average: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Dictionary_notes/nationality - sort the last column. Based on that ranking, we should use these top five definitions in the ranking order:
 * State or quality of belonging to a nation by origin, birth, or naturalization; citizenship.
 * Patriotism/nationalism
 * Race or people; nation; ethnic group; traditions
 * Relationship of property, holdings, etc., to a particular nation, or to its members: the nationality of a ship.
 * National integrity/independence
 * This version does not involve unusual definitions and should be fair for everyone. -Chelentano 02:46, 15 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Actually the "ethnicity" part of the definition is a very important part of the ambiguous meaning of "nationality" in English. It is exactly what is meant by "membership in a nation, ethnic, cultural group, etc."  It is the ambiguity of meaning that "nationality" has between citizenship and ethnicity that sparked this discussion in the first place at the Taras Shevchenko page in Wikipedia--one of the adversaries was treating the word "nationality" as citizenship (so that the grumpy mustachioed one was Russian) while the other was treating the word "nationality" as ethnicity (so that he was Ukrainian).  BOTH parts of the definition are important components of nationality.  (Didn't Taras ever smile?  I never saw a statue of him in Ukraine with a smile on his face--except his portait on the banknotes.)  Just because no dictionary has divided up the "nationality" pie in this particular way does not mean that the pie isn't divided this way.  Every dictionary has citizenship definitions and ethnicity definitions.  1 and 2 above are simply clarifications of the two meanings.  (Taivo 05:45, 15 January 2009 (UTC))

 * Ah, if this is overflow from a 'pedia dispute, the tenor of discussion makes a bit more sense. We tend to be fairly low-key over here. -- Visviva 11:31, 16 January 2009 (UTC)

 * It was copied verbatim from your posting on RFC. :-) -- Visviva 05:26, 16 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Yes, my comment related to Chelentano's revision where he de-emphasizes the ethnicity component of the definition. It should not be de-emphasized, but citizenship and ethnicity should be equal partners. (Taivo 06:05, 16 January 2009 (UTC))
 * However, since Mzajac as an administrator has complete control over the editing of the entry at this time, he doesn't seem to be interested in participating in the discussion. It's unfortunate since he is one of the two original parties to the dispute over the relationship of citizenship and ethnicity to the definition of nationality.  I will assume that he is just unable to get to a computer and spend time right now.  (Taivo 06:08, 16 January 2009 (UTC))

 * Yeah, I took little break from this. There are lots of other editors who can edit the entry.

 * I don't think the average rank of each entry is the best way to determine the order. It's skewed because some dictionaries with restricted scope have only one sense, while others appear to have as many as seven or eight subsenses.  Someone smarter than me may develop a more complex formula, but I'm not sure if the results would have any meaning at all except as the best possible facsimile of the average dictionary, since different dictionaries seem to order these senses by different criteria.

 * The table is also rather inexact in lumping together senses without reference to the full text of the original dictionary entries.

 * Better to use these dictionaries as a guide, identify factors that make individual senses more or less prominent for us, and order them logically on this basis. An order based on any single logical framework would better serve the reader than one mathematically derived from an inexact equation between several orders derived by unknown but obviously different frameworks. —Michael Z. 2009-01-16 19:54 z

 * I think more definitions (than 5) are fine, as long as they are clearly and unambiguously distinguished, and make things more clear rather than less so. I could see a plausible case for at least 10...  -- Visviva 11:31, 16 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Subdivision of senses should be done cautiously. Typical use of the word depends on its inclusiveness (or “ambiguity” if you like, without a negative connotation).  For example, although a particular nationality (=nation) may be delineated by its religion (e.g. Mennonites), a mention of nationality encompassing this nation is unlikely to be restricted to this definition only. —Michael Z. 2009-01-16 19:54 z

 * I would prefer one of two solutions to the citizenship/ethnicity issue. 1) Divide the senses into two definitions as I did above with cross-references, or 2) Reword the first definition to "nation or state" rather than just "nation".  That way we either 1) specify the different senses or 2) make the ambiguity between ethnicity and citizenship clear by using both terms "nation" and "state".  Since the article is currently blocked, not everyone can edit this.  (Taivo 01:19, 17 January 2009 (UTC))

 * Mr. Taivo, I have to strongly disagree. Citizenship and ethnicity should NOT be equal partners. Ethnicity definition is used rarely while Citizenship used most of the time. The citizenship definition has the highest ranking in the Appendix, while ethnicity is the lowest: number nine, so it would not be fair squeezing it into the second spot. If they are equal, I’d like to see some substation evidence. I agree with you, though, that Mr. Mzajac has complete control and basically blocks the process. The Admin status is abused here. --Chelentano 06:21, 17 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Mr. Mzajac, you scraped the original definition the “Citizenship” while making a reference to a dictionary. Now when Citizenship is ranked number 1 and Ethnicity is number 9 among all dictionaries, you are trying to dismiss inconvenient truth: “less prominent for us”, “restricted scope”, “mathematically derived from an inexact equation”, “rather inexact in lumping together senses “, “nationality may be delineated by its religion“, “senses more or less prominent for us”, bla-bla-bla...  You also dismiss examples of real-life usage/meaning of the word Nationality found on collaborative sites, Yahoo answers, and Wiktionary itself. Everything is dismissed: the respected dictionaries as well as real-world examples, and nothing substantial is offered as alternative. To your credit, you did attempt to be fair and invited me to the discussion, but still you are very biased. The ‘ethnicity’ is promoted from the 9th spot to the second, which is an obvious bias and lack of verifiable evidence. And the worst is that you abuse your admin status. --Chelentano 07:50, 17 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Well then, blah, blah, blah to you, too. —Michael Z. 2009-01-17 16:23 z

 * Actually, Chelentano, the very origins of this dispute illustrate the inherent ambiguity between the citizenship and ethnicity definitions of "nationality". You wanted Taras Shevchenko's nationality to be Russian, Mzajac wanted his nationality to be Ukrainian.  In fact, you were both correct and the problem had to be solved by writing his citizenship as Russian and his ethnicity as Ukrainian.  That very conflict, in and of itself, should show that the first definition here (or the first two in my original solution) should give equal footing to the two notions of citizenship and ethnicity.  My problem with the currently published solution (which Mzajac has complete control over as an admin) is that it does not give equal weight to the citizenship aspect.  I have given my proposals for a solution in my previous post. (Taivo 12:52, 17 January 2009 (UTC))

 * Folks, I didn't protect the article, and I'm not the King of Wiktionary, so please stop implying that I'm responsible for all of your frustrations. I've put as much energy into discussing this entry as anyone.  When there's a consensus for changes which improve the entry, I'm sure they can be made without trouble. —Michael Z. 2009-01-17 16:23 z
 * No, you didn't protect the article, Stephen Brown did. Chelentano is off-base for implying that you are somehow abusing your power.  I actually think that Brown acted inappropriately for blocking the article without any discussion of what I thought were improvements.  His argument was basically, "That's not the way it was and you wrote more than one sentence on the Talk page so I'm not going to bother to read your input".  (Taivo 21:33, 17 January 2009 (UTC))

 * Taivo, I agree with you that citizenship aspect is unfairly removed. Mr. Mzajac is ignoring here opinion we both expressed. I disagree however that citizenship and ethnicity should be given equal place in defining nationality. Ethnicity definition is mentioned only in 3 (BTW none are accessible online) out of 16 dictionaries, number 9 ranking overall. The same situation exists when we look into informal, collaborative online sources: no ethnicity definition. There is no equality. The meaning of nationality pretty much straight forward: in English it’s basically a membership in a state or nation, commonly defined as citizenship. If you believe opposite, please offer some evidence in support of your notion that citizenship and ethnicity should be given equal place defining nationality. I have not seen a sufficient evidence yet to dismiss 16 dictionaries. --Chelentano 05:45, 19 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Sometimes nationality is defined as ‘national character’, but never the way it’s offered by Mzajac: ‘National or ethnic character’. This phrase is another attempt to imply that nation and ethnicity are the same concept:  they are not. --Chelentano 05:45, 19 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Taivo, I did not say that Mr. Mzajac protected the article, did I? I did say though that he is abusing his admin status: he is the only one, who takes advantage of it being protected: he is making his edits, while ignoring other facts and opinions, and while keeping the article blocked from us. A reasonable admin should revert to the original definition and stop making his own edits until we come to agreement – that’s the way I see it.  --Chelentano 05:45, 19 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Mzajac is not abusing his admin status. He has made only minor edits to the definition as it existed before the block was placed on it, and those edits were actually the result of discussion (he moved an archaic definition to the bottom at my suggestion).  He is not keeping the article blocked.  The block was placed by Stephen Brown until the 26th.  (Taivo 08:00, 19 January 2009 (UTC))

 * There are no ANY other online dictionary which use “ethnic” / ”ethnicity” to define "nationality" in any way, and if you find otherwise, please provide a link. For now, let’s not make stuff up artificially extending English. Chelentano 04:24, 3 February 2009 (UTC)

 * It's in the MW3, definition 5b ("a group of people ... forming one constituent element of a larger group (as a nation ): an ethnic group"), and OED Online definition 3b ("...a nation; an ethnic or racial group"); unfortunately both of these are accessible by subscription only. More to the point, many other dictionaries clearly refer to ethnic/racial groups without using that exact word; since this isn't Wikipedia, we are allowed to exercise a measure of common sense. ;-) -- Visviva 04:45, 3 February 2009 (UTC)

 * "Subscription only" is not good enough: I'd like to see it. I am not talking about Wikipedia, I am talking about Webster, Collins, Cambridge, Princenton, etc. If "other dictionaries refer to ethnic groups without using that exact word", why we are smarter then all these respected dictionaries? A common sense to me is when we use a real life meaning of this word in the English-speaking world rather in some Slavic country. Trying to bloat and overextend this word by dozens of useless "synonyms" is not a measure of common sense. :-)

 * http://machaut.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/WEBSTER.sh?WORD=nationality
 * http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=nationality
 * http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/nationality
 * http://www.collinslanguage.com/results.aspx?context=3&reversed=False&action=define&homonym=-1&text=nationality
 * http://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/nationality
 * http://www.bartleby.com/61/78/N0027800.html
 * http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761559423/Nationality.html
 * http://dictionary.cambridge.org/define.asp?key=52976&dict=CALD
 * http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/nationality.html
 * Chelentano 04:58, 3 February 2009 (UTC)

 * NOAD nationality
 * 1 b “distinctive national or ethnic character”
 * 2 “an ethnic group forming a part of one or more political nations”
 * CanOD nationality
 * 3 “an ethnic group forming a part of one or more political nations”
 * M–W Online nationality
 * 5 b “an ethnic group constituting one element of a larger unit (as a nation)”
 * —Michael Z. 2009-02-03 06:50 z

 * If you'd like to see it, feel free to fork over the subscription fee (quite reasonable for the MW3, somewhat less so for the OED). Or just waltz down to your nearest public library.  Or -- here's a thought -- you could try engaging in this discussion as a collaborative effort, instead of a dogfight in which you try to show your own superiority.  I'm done with this discussion.  There is far too much actual work to be done on Wiktionary for any of us to be wasting our time on this juvenile crap.  I have reverted your non-constructive edits to the entry.  Ciao, -- Visviva 07:06, 3 February 2009 (UTC)

RfC discussion
A user has made badly-formatted additions. --EncycloPetey 20:33, 10 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Now partly cleaned up. I wasn't sure how to handle sense #1; its subsenses don't seem to be actual subsenses, in that (e.g.) "nationalism or patriotism" doesn't seem to be a kind of "membership in a particular nation", and for that matter, I'm not familiar with all of them. (I've never heard "nationality" used to mean "nationalism or patriotism"; is it dated, or regional, or just something I'm not familiar with?) I'm considering removing the and instead adding,  or , to try and elicit more information about those senses before deciding what to do with them. (BTW, is this approach to subsenses standard now? I remember them being discussed, but I don't remember the conclusion.) —Ruakh TALK 22:58, 10 January 2009 (UTC)

 * The sense of “nationalism” is attested in NOAD, M–W online, and from dictionary.com: Random House Unabridged, AH4, and Webster's Revised Unabridged. The NOAD divides all senses into two types of nouns: one's nationality or status vs a nationality or group, while the others classify them more specifically. —Michael Z. 2009-01-11 16:16 z

 * If it is attested in the NOAD, then perhaps you could share some of their evidence? I don't own the NOAD or have access to a copy to see what evidence they provide.  I also don't see how "independence" is a form of "one's nationality". --EncycloPetey 17:25, 11 January 2009 (UTC)

 * I'm sorry, but I'm not totally sure which of my questions you're replying to. By giving a list of dictionaries that the "nationalism" sense is attested (?) in, I'm guessing you mean to reply to "is it dated, or regional, or just something I'm not familiar with?", and are implying that it's neither dated nor regional, but just something I'm not familiar with; am I guessing right? And by describing other dictionaries' division of senses, I'm guessing you mean … no, I don't have a guess, sorry. Care to rephrase? :-/  —Ruakh TALK 18:15, 11 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Sorry, I meant it's defined in those dictionaries, not attested.  You can see the sources for yourself—the NOAD is the built-in dictionary on every Mac, and Merriam-Webster and Dictionary.com are online.

 * Regarding “nationalism” or “patriotic sentiment,” Webster's expands on this as “the quality of being national, or strongly attached to one's own nation; patriotism.”  I'm not familiar with it being used this way either, so I'm just citing these sources.  None marks this dated or regional.

 * Regarding political independence, this particular one would apply mainly to groups, countries, nations, or members of them. It's not  a separate sense in the NOAD, but is in five other sources (I've since looked at the CanOD's entry).

 * It seems to me that the first four are senses of nationality as a status, a state, or a quality of a thing; they are abstract nouns whose meanings may overlap. In contrast, the fifth is a concrete noun.  Only the NOAD establishes these two groups of senses, but I found it helpful in trying to form a mental model of all these—it's like grouping the senses into two families, or two finely-sliced sub-etymologies. —Michael Z. 2009-01-12 00:48 z

 * Do I understand correctly that you're using this structure:
 * 1. foo
 * 1.1. bar
 * to indicate that "foo" and "bar" are related senses? I find that incredibly confusing; to me, that structure indicates that "bar" is a special case of "foo" — say, a specific figurative use, or a use of "foo" with a specific syntax, or a particularly common instance. If you want to use a subsense structure to indicate that "foo" and "bar" are related senses, I think you should create a meta-sense that covers both of them (likely with a non-gloss definition), and list them both as subsenses, rather than trying to make one into a subsense of the other. Or am I misunderstanding?
 * —Ruakh TALK 01:23, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

 * I used this structure because the NOAD uses it this way. My interpretation is that the first sense is the most general of the first four, and the other three describe more specific nuances of that one.  I'm not married to the sub-sense structure, but it works for me. —Michael Z. 2009-01-12 06:37 z

 * So I've explained why I used subsenses this way. It's certainly not common around here, and I'll be fine with it if you'd prefer to flatten the definitions.  Go right ahead, because it doesn't look like there will be much other forward motion on this entry real soon.  Cheers. —Michael Z. 2009-01-12 15:58 z

 * This is getting overly complex and confusing: Michael Z. says that nationality is "National or ethnic character", "Nationalism or patriotism", "Political existence, independence, or unity". I am sure, it’s copied from another online dictionary, but this lacks some common sense.

 * "Nationalism or patriotism" is forms of ideology, while "nationality" is a status of affiliation: you can’t mix them or use as definition. Also the "Independence" is a state act.   These could be related to "nationality" but they are not synonyms at all, nor could be used as definition. The "ethnic character" meaning of the word "nationality" is rarely used in modern English: today it is primarily a Russian/Ukrainian meaning of this word and it it used this way mainly by English speakers with Slavic heritage.
 * Michael Z. is saying that he is not familiar if these definitions being used this way, so he is just blindly copying it from other sources without complete understanding or experience.
 * To put it simple in one word, in modern English the word "nationality" generally means "citizenship". There are some nuances, which reflected in Wikipedia, but here in the Wikionary let’s  keep it simple and let’s not overload this with inadequate words and translations of these words.  Besides, the offered Slavic translations are incorrect, making assumption, that "nationality" is the equal to "ethnicity". Some fresh web quotations on this aubject::

http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=nationality nationality
 * 1) the country that you are a citizen of.
 * 2) the country that you hold a passport of.
 * 3) you can claim nationality of a country by birth, descent (child or grandchild of citizens) or naturalization (marriage)

http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080729000546AAOVrIL
 * Difference between race/nationality/ethnicity
 * Nationality generally refers to what country you are a citizen of (Canadian, German, American, Japanese). Ethnicity vaguely refers to what "original" socially and linguistically-coherent group of people one is descended from. This is different from nationality since while most people living in Germany and Austria are citizens of their respective countries claiming their respective nationalities, for the most part, they all belong to one German ethnic group sharing a pretty common culture and language (while many immigrant groups live in these countries and can claim German or Austrian nationality, they aren't ethnically German).

http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1B1-360842.html
 * nationality (From: Encyclopedia Britannica)
 * Affiliation with a particular nation or sovereign state. People, business corporations, ships, and aircraft all have nationalities.

http://encarta.msn.com/nationality.html
 * - citizenship of particular nation: the status of belonging to a particular nation by origin, birth, or naturalization

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationality
 * Nationality is a pseudo-relationship between a person and their state of origin, culture, association, affiliation and/or loyalty. Nationality affords the state jurisdiction over the person, and affords the person the protection of the state  …The legal sense of nationality, particularly in the English speaking world, may often mean citizenship

http://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=nationality&oldid=3445883 (earlier version)
 * nationality (plural nationalities)
 * 1.	citizenship

http://www.yourdictionary.com/nationality
 * nationality synonyms
 * 1. Citizenship
 * native land, allegiance, adopted country, political home; see country 3, origin 2.

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/nationality.html
 * nationality
 * Definition
 * Alternative term for citizenship.

 * I would at least revert to this EncycloPetey version 5950283. I could also offer my own one-sentence definition. Nationality: "Membership of individual or organization in a particular nation or state, by citizenship, origin, birth, naturalization, ownership, allegiance, etc." Chelentano 07:28, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

From Random House (at dictionary.com):
 * I have added the following other definitions (Taivo 11:30, 12 January 2009 (UTC)):

 * 1. the status of belonging to a particular nation, whether by birth or naturalization: the nationality of an immigrant.
 * 2. the relationship of property, holdings, etc., to a particular nation, or to one or more of its members: the nationality of a ship.
 * Note that both of these definitions include a legal status, that is, citizenship. An ethnic definition of "nationality" cannot include legal status, only a birth status.

From American Heritage (at dictionary.com):
 * 1. The status of belonging to a particular nation by origin, birth, or naturalization.
 * Once again, the legal status implied by "naturalization" is only appropriate when discussion citizenship, not ethnicity.

For both of these two authoritative dictionaries of American English, the notion of "citizenship" is the first definition of "nationality" and the notion of "ethnicity" is secondary. Websters has citizenship as the last option. Thus, two out of three American dictionaries give citizenship as the first options. (Taivo 11:35, 12 January 2009 (UTC))

 * The definition has been carefully compared to the definitions in the three major American English dictionaries and includes the primary meanings and variants found therein in a consensus order. Please justify your reversion to an inferior definition.  (Taivo 12:32, 12 January 2009 (UTC))

The most common definition found for nationality is "citizenship". That is the primary usage in English sources. The first definition should therefore be citizenship. Subsequent definitions generally involve ethnicity and membership in a "nation". Other definitions include the sovereignty of a "nation" or "region" and patriotism. (Taivo 12:38, 12 January 2009 (UTC))

 * You're making a few leaps in logic.

 * Perhaps naturalization implies a legal status, but it follows origin and birth, which do not require one. You've also imposed a restricted sense of nation = “country”, which these dictionaries do not do not.  And you're saying that since (you suppose) 67% of your references define this with citizenship before ethnicity, then the other 33% is dead wrong—but that isn't true, and I believe these dictionaries' editors intended that all the senses define the word, not just the first.

 * You haven't shown that the notion of citizenship is first, or even present in these two dictionaries, and you've shown no reason to disqualify the third (Webster's), except it more clearly doesn't support your argument. (And why only consider some U.S. dictionaries?)  I haven't even seen a dictionary definition of nationality which even mentions the word “citizenship”, so let's stop jumping through elaborate and tenuous hoops of logic to try to turn these into synonyms. —Michael Z. 2009-01-12 20:23 z

 * Actually, there are two words the are not clearly defined in the speech of native speakers which you seem to be treating as clearly defined. First:  "nation".  This term has two meanings for native speakers, and this is clearly reflected in the dictionaries--"ethnic group" and "state".  The "ethnic group" definition is often used in technical descriptions, but in the common speech, there is not a clear distinction between the two meanings.  America and Canada are often called "nations", but they are not in a technical sense since they are multiethnic.  Second:  "nationality" carries forward this ambiguity between "citizenship" and "ethnicity".  There is a clear difference between a legal status--citizenship, and an ethnic status--ethnicity.  Both meanings are used for "nationality".  For example, ships are often listed by "nationality".  This is unequivocally a legal status.  The definitions also refer to naturalization.  Naturalization is not an issue of ethnicity, but only of citizenship.  It is a legal status and legal status only refers to citizenship.  You do not gain an ethnic status by naturalization.  Indeed, you cannot ever change your ethnic staus.  You mention that the use of "birth and origin" seem to unequivocally confer an ethnic meaning for "nationality", but this is not the case.  Most people get their legal citizenship status by birth and origin.  It is also not unusual for these two issues to contradict ethnicity.  For example, a child of Japanese parents born in the U.S.--an American by citizenship/nationality, Japanese by ethnicity/nationality.  Because of this ambiguity it is important to separate the disparate meanings of nationality and to accord first place to the meaning most commonly encountered in reliable sources.  From my examination of the major American English dictionaries (American Heritage, Random House, Websters), the majority of sources place the citizenship definition first.  (Taivo 04:27, 13 January 2009 (UTC))

 * You're still making several leaps by applying your own restricted meanings to dictionaries' definitions, as well drawing false inferences from what I wrote above.

 * And as I have written before, citizenship may be inferred to be included in nationality, but the two are not synonyms by a long shot. Naturalization includes several things, including non-legal definitions, as well as residency and landed immigrant status, so, for example, per the US legal definition “nationals” of a country includes people who are not citizens.  Barring DNA testing, people's “ethnic status” is not absolute—it is much more commonly self-determined by an individual, or arbitrarily assigned based on outward appearance.  And how does your speculation about “native speakers” and “common speech” belong here?

 * So if your favourite majority of three actually did say that citizenship is primary, then what about Webster's? Are you saying their entry should be discounted as unreliable, or perhaps that the order of senses doesn't convey their importance?

 * But still, no dictionary mentions “citizenship” in defining nationality. —Michael Z. 2009-01-13 16:29 z

 * That's not true. See my links above. The word "citizenship" is mentioned in Urbandictionary, Encarta, Wikipedia, Wiktionary (until you overwrote it), yourdictionary.com, businessdictionary.com -Chelentano 17:46, 13 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Excuse me, but I only counted the real dictionaries which we had seen to date. I didn't consider online forums, inadequately-referenced self-published work, and out-of-context quotations from encyclopedia articles which discuss various aspects of the subject. —Michael Z. 2009-01-13 18:31 z

 * Chelentano, your urbandictionary cite was written by “anonymous” and given a thumbs up by ten other anonymous website readers. Your Yahoo answer was the best of three posted on a public forum, as selected by coffeecrazed75. Your encyclopedia.com/Britannica cite is an excerpt from the article “Citizenship”, so it's no wonder the word is mentioned. Your Encarta cite paraphrases the Encarta Dictionary entry, comprising 5 senses (one of them summarized citizenship; hooray!). Your YourDictionary.com cite is from the thesaurus section—it is not a definition, it is one of several synonyms, which means it overlaps some sense of the word to some degree. Your BusinessDictionary.com cite is from an anonymously-published advertising website (but see nation). If my contribution “lacks some common sense”, then I have to give you credit for compensating. —Michael Z. 2009-01-13 21:02 z

 * To muddy the waters a bit further, I've started Appendix:Dictionary notes/nationality. Please revise/expand as appropriate.  At the moment, it covers only the 9 dictionaries that I have ready access to; however, data from NOAD and Webster's International, etc., would be most welcome.  Since it had just come up, I made a note of which dictionaries mention "citizenship" (Collins Concise and the Longman DCE).
 * Overall, the lexicography of "nationality" is rather scattershot, and there are wide variations in approach. 7 out of the 9 dictionaries include the "nationalism" sense, but only the OED bothers to mention that this sense is "now rare."  (My own earlier check on b.g.c. had brought me to the same conclusion -- one can find a few uses, but they are thin on the ground and most are at least a century old.)
 * Out of the 10 rows currently in the table, there appears to be broad lexicographic consensus on 5 senses, with 3 additional distinct potential (but very obscure) senses, and 2 possible senses that IMO are unlikely to be distinct.
 * Only 2 of the 9 dictionaries use subsenses; the fact that the OED and MW3 assign these in completely different ways suggests -- to me -- that we might be better off sticking to a flat list.-- Visviva 17:28, 13 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Thanks for this. I added a couple—sorry to add rows, but they differed in substance from the existing table rows. —Michael Z. 2009-01-13 20:30 z
 * You will notice at Appendix:Dictionary notes/nationality that the "citizenship" meaning has the most entries as the number 1 definition ("State or quality of belonging to a nation"). But your attempts to remove "citizenship" as an important component of the "nationality" definition hinges critically on a tight technical definition of the word "nation" as an ethnic group.  If you actually compare the definitions of "nation" in these dictionaries you will discover that there is no such tight distinction between "ethnic group" and "state" in the definitions of "nation".  (Taivo 21:14, 13 January 2009 (UTC))

 * BS. “Citizenship” appears in 2 of 11 entries.  How am I “attempting to remove it” if it's mostly absent?

 * Many of these definitions of the sense of “status of belonging to a nation” simply rely on the definition of nation, while some go further and add by origin, birth, and naturalization, and Webster's fills it out as “or being connected with a nation or government by nativity, character, ownership, allegiance, etc.”  Obviously, citizenship may be an aspect of some of these, but lumping them all as “citizenship” is a too-big stretch. If it just meant citizenship, why wouldn't it just say “citizenship”?

 * My point to you and Chelentano is that it is not restricted to only citizenship, nor is it primarily related to citizenship. I have not said that nationality only means ethnicity. I have cited myself as a counter-example for your restrictive thesis: to me it relates mainly to ethnicity, and to others it means an association with a country (which is not necessarily citizenship, either).

 * Sorry to sound like a broken record, but the sense of nationality as “belonging to a nation” is a broad series of concepts, meaning different things in different contexts and to different people. Only one sub-sub-sense of these is the legal relationship of citizenship. —Michael Z. 2009-01-14 01:45 z

Definitions of nationality
I've flattened the subsenses and add archaic to the sense of nationalism—I think this may satisfy the original request for cleanup. Since it concerned the break-down of senses, I think we should confirm that the important senses from various dictionaries are represented, and the cleanup tag removed.

The proposed definitions by Chelentano and Taivo, and question of citizenship's primacy appear to be an issue of definitions—shall we resolve that here too, or move it to the Tea Room for more opinions? —Michael Z. 2009-01-14 02:03 z

 * I think the TR is the place to go for a fresh start. -- Visviva 02:33, 14 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Actually, I never stated that "citizenship" was the sole meaning for "nationality". I have always said that both citizenship and ethnicity were equally part of the definition.  It was you who were trying to remove citizenship as a component even though it is clearly visible by the terms "naturalization", etc. in the definitions.  Here is the definition as I had edited it:
 * 1) Membership of individual or organization in a particular state, by origin, birth, naturalization, ownership, allegiance, etc. See citizenship
 * 2) Membership of individual in a particiular nation by origin or birth. See ethnicity
 * 3) A people sharing a common origin, culture, language, etc.
 * 4) Existence of a region or people as a distinct nation or state
 * 5) An emotional attachment to one's nation; patriotism
 * You will notice that this definition compasses both the different meanings of nationality of ethnicity and citizenship, but that each is clearly stated. (Taivo 05:42, 14 January 2009 (UTC))

 * "Membership of individual in a particular nation by origin or birth" is not the same as ethnicity. Ethnicity must be removed in any case. Chelentano 02:46, 15 January 2009 (UTC)

 * In that case, I will say that I agree with you in principal, although I still like the definition as I wrote it. Now we can just work out the details, yes? —Michael Z. 2009-01-14 06:17 z
 * While your currently worded definition and that offered above agree in general, I believe that my list is better for three reasons. First, the order of definitions in my list more closely reflects the order of usages in general found in the dictionaries and in common usage and understanding--1-2) a noun referring to individual membership found not only in general prose, but also as a label for blanks on official forms; 3) a concrete noun to describe a collective; 4) an abstract noun referring to the state of being a collective; and 5) an archaic sense.  You have the archaic sense ordered number 3, which implies that it is in more general usage than your 4 and 5.  Second, the distinction in usage and meaning between the "citizenship" and "ethnicity" meanings is more clearly delineated in my version.  We agree that "nationality" encompasses both of these meanings, but the ambiguity is not clarified in your version.  A more precise delineation of the boundaries of the ambiguity is important so that readers can understand the exact nature of the ambiguity.  While your version implies ambiguity, the reader is left to deduce this on his or her own.  A dictionary should spell out ambiguities explicitly and mark out the boundaries thereof.  Third, while your wording replicates the exact phrasing in some dictionaries, that wording is a bit too brief for true clarity.  My version, I believe, offers more complete phrasing for each of the definitions so that greater clarity is achieved.  (Taivo 08:44, 14 January 2009 (UTC))

 * This discussion is not about cleanup, and belongs in the Tea Room, where we can get more input.

 * The order you suggest is fine. [I updated the entry. —[[User:Mzajac |Michael]] Z. 2009-01-14 17:53 z ]

 * But your proposal eliminates sense 2 “character”, and splits sense 1 into two distinct and discrete types of “membership in a nation”. I don't think any of the dictionaries does this, and I can see why. I think you are artificially applying a restriction of the sense to one or the other, while the word is often used without this distinction.  When asked what is their nationality, one's valid responses can include “United States” (a country), “German” (a nation-state), “Welsh” (an ethnicity within a country), “Ukrainian-Canadian” (an ethnic community in a different country), “Roma” (an ethnicity with no country), or “Mennonite” (a community defined by religion rather than country or ethnicity). One's nationality may mean “either one's country or ethnicity, or both”, or some other similar status.  A dictionary definition must capture just what is required to define the meaning, but not restrict it too far.

 * The sense of “national character or quality” is allied with membership in a nation, but distinct (and it can also is associated with nation as either country, ethnicity, or both, or something else). —Michael Z. 2009-01-14 17:40 z

 * Regarding sense 4: I think it is a bit more specific than “referring to the state of being a collective”. I think it refers to the degree or state of national autonomy or sovereignty, as in “Ukrainians' steps towards full nationality included the adoption of the self-appelation Ukrainian in 1830–1917, their forced unification in the Ukrainian Soviet Republic in 1939, and independence in 1991.”  I'm not sure if we're in agreement here or not. —Michael Z. 2009-01-14 17:51 z
 * Concerning the first definition, I would be happy if the wording was "nation or state" instead of just "nation". That way we cover all the potential ambiguity between ethnicity/nation and citizenship/state.  We are in agreement on 4. (Taivo 21:38, 14 January 2009 (UTC))

 * I calculated ranking of each definition by average. Please see the appendix: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Dictionary_notes/nationality and sort the last column. Based on that ranking, we should use these top five definitions in the ranking order, this would be fair:
 * State or quality of belonging to a nation by origin, birth, or naturalization; citizenship.
 * Patriotism/nationalism
 * Race or people; nation; ethnic group; traditions
 * Relationship of property, holdings, etc., to a particular nation, or to its members: the nationality of a ship.
 * National integrity/independence
 * -Chelentano 02:46, 15 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Note that "Citizenship" appears in 4 definitions of Appendix, or 5 if we count the original Wiktionary definition before it was removed by Mzajac. -Chelentano 02:54, 15 January 2009 (UTC)

 * ...and some responses to Mzajac from previous section I missed:
 * Nothing wrong when dictionaries created by people: we are creating one. Definitions created by people indicate well what’s the real life usage/meaning.  These definitions could  be more accurate vs. some archaic dictionaries. When some Russian is trying to modify English in order to fit his language, it’s much worse then dictionaries created by American people. btw UrbanDictionary is listed in Wikipedia as one of few online dictionaries.
 * Yes, Yahoo answer is best of three, so what: you’ve asked for the word “citizen” to be mentioned – you got it mentioned. Now when you’ve got the whole bunch, and you complain that these must be definitions. Can you make up your mind?
 * Encrata’s definition is perfect. It does not summarize, but it expands the meaning of the word “citizenship”.
 * YourDictionary.com cite is not from the thesaurus section, it’s from synonyms section. Yes, it says that synonym for "nationality" is "citizenship" - something you strongly oppose!
 * BusinessDictionary.com cite is NOT from an anonymously-published site. I've seen many Wikipedia articles use this site as reference. BusinessDictionary.com is operated by WebFinance Inc.  You can learn about them just by making a few clicks on the BusinessDictionary. Tip:  when you’d  like  to learn about a site, just click ‘’’About Us’’’ button. That’s about  “some common sense”. Chelentano 03:45, 15 January 2009 (UTC)

 * BusinessDictionary.com's “About” page does not say who edits the dictionary or what its source is, or give any indication whether any lexicographical research or expertise went into it at all. It's definition of nationality is far poorer than any other's.

 * I said that nationality is not exactly equivalent to or restricted to the same meaning as citizenship. Of course the list of possible synonyms in a thesaurus may contain a hundred terms which capture some nuanced or restricted sense of the word, so citizenship should appear in this context. —Michael Z. 2009-01-15 18:09 z

 * BusinessDictionary.com really does not belong in the same class as the other dictionaries under consideration. You're right that it is not published anonymously, but the other dictionaries in Appendix:Dictionary notes/nationality are major, authoritative general-purpose dictionaries, peer-reviewed by a long list of academics and specialists.  (Collins is perhaps an exception, in that we currently have only the watered-down, abridged version).  I see nothing to suggest that BusinessDictionary.com is anything more or less than a specialized glossary put together by a small company.  It may be a valuable resource for sussing out specialized business usages, but it does nothing to illuminate the lexicographic consensus.  Encarta is the only other digital-only dictionary on the list, and it's the only such one I can think of that would merit inclusion. -- Visviva 04:16, 15 January 2009 (UTC)

 * There is some great stuff in this discussion, but there is also a bit of ad hominem sniping going on. This is fine, tempers always get frayed on the wiki, but I suggest that we move the constructive parts of this discussion to WT:TR and leave any personal grudges here.  Cheers, -- Visviva 04:16, 15 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Tempers, for sure. But how do you like this? Mr. Mzajac is editing historical English article in Wikipedia using word "nationality" in Ukrainian way. I am telling him the proper meaning of the word "nationality". He insists that "nationality" is not "citizenship" but "ethnicity". Next after I point him to that article in Wiktionary, he jumps to the Wiktionary article and scraps it! It's dangerous how quickly people could to rewrite language and history. - Chelentano 05:46, 15 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Yeah, let's clear the air here.

 * Chelentano, your speculation and innuendo about my own ancestry doesn't belong here. Maybe I've been brusque, but at least I've tried to critique your arguments, and not yourself.  Why don't stick to the facts and references instead of trying to imply that I'm the wrong type of person to engage in this discussion?  Enough references like “Yes, the Russian meaning of nationality is in fact "ethnicity", but this is an English-language article and we must use this word the English way,” “mainly by English speakers with Slavic heritage,” “primarily a Russian/Ukrainian meaning of this word,”  “using word "nationality" in Ukrainian way,” and “some Russian is trying to modify English in order to fit his language, it’s much worse then dictionaries created by American people.”

 * You don't know a thing about my background and don't consider yourself fit to evaluate it. Just because you encounter a use of English different from your own doesn't make it wrong.  And my parentage doesn't give you any right to cast aspersions on my knowledge of English.

 * It's none of your damned business, but I will indulge you: I am not Russian. I am born, raised, and well educated in Canada.  I am a native speaker and literate in both Ukrainian and English.  Now how about you shut up about this, we'll move on, and continue improving the dictionary? —Michael Z. 2009-01-15 18:09 z

 * I've never said that you are Russian. It's a figure of speech and actually it was an attempt not to offend a Ukrainian. I could have said "some Polish" or whatever. But you got offended anyway, sorry if that's the case. You are born and well educated in Canada. Very well, it's just odd to me that you are not aware of the primary meaning of the word nationality, and you Ukrainian background certainly explains it. One could disrespect my opinion, but (speaking of facts) the fact is that the citizenship definition has the highest ranking in that Appendix comparo, while ethnicity is the last on the list: number nine! Another example is the use of the word nationality all over the English Wikipedia (not-Slavic biographical articles). You dismiss various web example I offer, while you are unable to offer much sufficient facts. --Chelentano 19:02, 17 January 2009 (UTC)

 * So you're saying my Ukrainian background explains why I'm wrong and you're right? Did you notice that no one else in Wiktionary agrees with you either—are you going to blame that on their race too?

 * You should really start writing about the issues in question, and not your opinions about other editors, or you'll continue to waste a lot of time because you'll continue to be ignored. —Michael Z. 2009-01-18 18:40 z

Polish transltion (consequence of discussion of 2009)
It's mess. "narodowość" - "przynależność do danego narodu; też: poczucie tej przynależności" translation: belonging to a given "naród"; also: a sense of that belonging. naród - "«ogół mieszkańców pewnego terytorium mówiących jednym językiem, związanych wspólną przeszłością oraz kulturą»" translation: "all the inhabitants of a certain territory speaking one language, connected by a common past and culture" source:PWN naród - important point "territory" not state/nation (yes poles don't generally distinguish those unless we are speaking of USA) - nobody would interpret narodowość in english sense. more correct would be meaning 2. most correct would be narodowość - "national identity". also some examples: "In older texts the word nationality, rather than ethnicity, is often used to refer to an ethnic group (a group of people who share a common ethnic identity, language, culture, lineage, history, and so forth). This older meaning of nationality is not defined by political borders or passport ownership and includes nations that lack an independent state" - OK we have correct nationality here. To put it simple in one word, in English "nationality" generally means "citizenship". - in that sense polish word is obywatelstwo (citizenship). "The "ethnic character" is primarily a Russian/Ukrainian meaning of this word." - then add Polish also.  2020-07-09 18:03

Perhaps
Perhaps from French? Only perhaps?

title: Talk:nationality


text:
Claw5@SideTrunkhigh-PalmDown-Claw5@SideTrunkhigh-PalmDown RoundVertSidetoside-RoundVertSidetoside

Alternative forms

 * C@SideTrunkhigh-PalmDown-C@SideTrunkhigh-PalmDown RoundVertSidetoside-RoundVertSidetoside

Production

 * Swing both hands repeatedly from side to side in valley-shaped arcs, each hand moving simultaneously with the other hand toward each side.
 * Swing both hands repeatedly from side to side in valley-shaped arcs, each hand moving simultaneously with the other hand toward each side.
 * Swing both hands repeatedly from side to side in valley-shaped arcs, each hand moving simultaneously with the other hand toward each side.

Verb

 * 1) to act; to behave; to do

Noun

 * 1) action; activity; behavior

Adjective

 * 1) active


text: adéus

title: adéus


text: voodooed

title: voodooed


text: voodooing

title: voodooing


text: voodoos

title: voodoos


text: Category:Catalan noun forms

title: Category:Catalan noun forms


text: Appendix:Dictionary notes

title: Appendix:Dictionary notes


text:
B@SideTrunkhigh-PalmDown-B@SideTrunkhigh-PalmDown RoundVertSidetoside-RoundVertSidetoside

Etymology
Initial of  combined with ASL.

Production

 * Swing both hands repeatedly from side to side in valley-shaped arcs, each hand moving simultaneously with the other hand toward each side.
 * Swing both hands repeatedly from side to side in valley-shaped arcs, each hand moving simultaneously with the other hand toward each side.
 * Swing both hands repeatedly from side to side in valley-shaped arcs, each hand moving simultaneously with the other hand toward each side.

Verb

 * 1) to behave

Noun

 * 1) behavior


text: Appendix:Dictionary notes/civilization

title: Appendix:Dictionary notes/civilization


text: bledes

title: bledes


text: Category:ca:Death

title: Category:ca:Death


text: Template:ca-proper noun

title: Template:ca-proper noun


text:
Template talk:ca-proper noun

Do all Catalan proper nouns have gender?
Do all Catalan proper nouns have gender? As the default is Category:Catalan nouns lacking gender. Mglovesfun (talk) 09:06, 25 January 2011 (UTC)
 * I'm not quite sure but I believe so. Even if you never use an article or adjective with them, you would still need to decide whether to use ell or ella when referring back to them. —CodeCat 10:57, 25 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Surnames do not have gender. --Vriullop (talk) 20:12, 9 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Can they be considered proper nouns, then? —CodeCat 21:04, 9 January 2017 (UTC)
 * They are considered proper nouns but a surname may refer to a male or female. For example Barcelona is feminine but as a surname it is undefined: la Barcelona vella (old Barcelona) is feminine,  Barcelona with masculine personal article is a male person and  Barcelona with a feminine personal article is a female person. I was suprised is in Category:Catalan terms with incomplete gender. I really don't know how I should fix it. --Vriullop (talk) 20:09, 10 January 2017 (UTC)

title: Template talk:ca-proper noun


text:
User talk:Chelentano

nationality
Hi. The entry nationality is already under discussion at Requests for cleanup (you removed the link to the discussion in this edit). It's probably a good idea for you to join the discussion before you make wholesale deletions. The senses you removed were written with reference to six dictionaries. I'm going to restore the entry to the version being discussed—please join in.

By the way, some things are different from Wikipedia here. Because there are fewer editors and many entries, most discussion takes place at one of the Discussion rooms, for example, and not in entries' talk pages. Please have a look at some of the welcome links above to familiarize yourself. Regards. —Michael Z. 2009-01-12 06:41 z

Freedictionary
The primary definitions on thefreedictionary.com are from the American Heritage Dictionary, which was already cited on Appendix:Dictionary notes/nationality via Bartleby. Freedictionary also has some definitions from a Collins dictionary, but these do not seem substantially different from the Collins Concise which is already cited. If you do want to add the Collins definitions, or any others that are repackaged on that site, that would probably be fine; just please label them according to their original source to avoid confusion. Thanks, -- Visviva 02:40, 14 January 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Chelentano


text:
biancoceleste

Adjective

 * 1) white and sky-blue
 * 2)  of the S.S. Lazio, the Italian football/soccer team based in Rome
 * 3)  of any other sporting team wearing a white and sky-blue shirt

Noun

 * 1) a S.S. Lazio player or supporter
 * 2) a player or supporter of any sporting club wearing a white and sky-blue shirt
 * 1) a player or supporter of any sporting club wearing a white and sky-blue shirt

title: biancoceleste


text:
interista

Adjective

 * 1) of or pertaining to FC Internazionale Milano, the Italian football/soccer club based in Milan

Noun

 * 1) a Football Club Internazionale Milano player or supporter

Adjective

 * 1)  of Inter

Noun

 * 1) an Inter player or supporter

title: interista


text:
rarissimo

Etymology
From.

title: rarissimo


text:
assuefarsi

Verb

 * 1) to get accustomed, to get used
 * 2)  to get addicted
 * 1)  to get addicted

title: assuefarsi


text:
compositivo

Adjective

 * 1) constituent, component, making up, constituting
 * 2)  composition; compositional, in composing

Adjective

 * 1) compositional

title: compositivo


text:
Mountain Dew

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) A brand of citrus-flavored, carbonated, heavily caffeinated beverage.

title: Mountain Dew


text: elevandoli

title: elevandoli


text: elevandolo

title: elevandolo


text:
esageratamente

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) exaggeratedly, ridiculously

title: esageratamente


text: esportarli

title: esportarli


text: carnalizes

title: carnalizes


text: carnalized

title: carnalized


text: carnalizing

title: carnalizing


text:
drywaller

Noun

 * 1) A construction worker who specializes in laying drywall

Translations

 * German: Trockenbauer
 * Spanish:

title: drywaller


text: fattogli

title: fattogli


text: ispiratogli

title: ispiratogli


text: misurarne

title: misurarne


text: mollarlo

title: mollarlo


text: drywallers

title: drywallers


text: mossagli

title: mossagli


text:
dollkind

Etymology
From, by analogy with mankind.

Noun

 * 1) All dolls, considered as a group

title: dollkind


text: nonchè

title: nonchè


text: offesiva

title: offesiva


text:
User talk:Pmi25

commonest
The article says "nonstandard" as the result of one person's edit. I suspect the primary reason it's nonstandard is the the associated comparative form commoner: is primarily used as a noun with a largely unrelated meaning. Before altering pages in an attempt to purge "commonest" from Wiktionary, it would be a good idea to first verify the proscription of "commonest". --EncycloPetey 07:50, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pmi25


text:
chateaubriand

Etymology
Borrowed from, , who is said to have enjoyed this type of steak.

Noun

 * 1) A thick, juicy cut from the center of a beef tenderloin.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 七打扒, 七打牛柳
 * Mandarin: 夏多布里昂牛排
 * Dutch: biefstuk van de haas, biefstuk van ossenhaas,
 * Esperanto: ĉatobriando
 * Finnish:
 * French:, , ,
 * Galician:
 * German: doppeltes Rindlendenstück, Ochsenfilet,
 * Italian: doppio filetto
 * Japanese: シャトーブリアン
 * Korean: 샤토브리앙
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: chatobriã,
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: шатобриа́н
 * Spanish: biftec doble
 * Swedish:

Etymology
Borrowed from, , who is said to have enjoyed this type of steak.

Noun

 * 1) chateaubriand steak cut from a beef tenderloin

Etymology
From. , who is said to have enjoyed this type of steak.

Noun

 * 1)  steak cut from a beef tenderloin

Etymology
.

Etymology
.

title: chateaubriand


text:
deglamorize

Verb

 * 1) To make less glamorous
 * The movie sought to deglamorize the drug trade.

title: deglamorize


text: deglamorizes

title: deglamorizes


text: deglamorizing

title: deglamorizing


text: deglamorized

title: deglamorized


text:
dedicatee

Noun

 * 1) Someone to whom something is dedicated.

title: dedicatee


text: dedicatees

title: dedicatees


text: corporates

title: corporates


text:
cherrylike

Adjective

 * 1) Resembling a cherry, such as in shape, color, or flavor
 * We were served a cherrylike red wine.

Translations

 * Finnish: kirsikkamainen

title: cherrylike


text: chirpings

title: chirpings


text:
coloristically

Adverb

 * 1) In terms of, or in relation to, color; in a coloristic way

title: coloristically


text:
circuslike

Alternative forms

 * circus-like

Adjective

 * 1) Resembling or characteristic of a circus.

title: circuslike


text:
South Indian

Noun

 * 1) Native or resident of South India.

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to South India, its people, culture or languages

Translations

 * French:

title: South Indian


text: South Indians

title: South Indians


text:
կեղ

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  ulcer, sore
 * 2) scab
 * 3)  sore, evil, pest

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) ulcer; sore, wound

title: կեղ


text:
North Indian

Noun

 * 1) Native or resident of North India.

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to North India, its people, culture or languages

Translations

 * French:

title: North Indian


text: North Indians

title: North Indians


text:
կեղել

Etymology
From, infinitive of ; see it for more.

title: կեղել


text:
North India

Proper noun

 * 1) The northern region of India, comprising the states of Haryana, Punjab, Uttarakhand, and Uttar Pradesh, and the union territories of Delhi, Chandigarh, Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh. Often Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Bihar are included, as well.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 印度北部
 * Danish:
 * Finnish: Pohjois-Intia
 * French:
 * Hindi: उत्तर भारत
 * Japanese: 北インド
 * Marathi: उत्तर भारत

title: North India


text:
ἐκεῖνος

Etymology
From, from (from ) +  +  (compare ). Middle part also in 🇨🇬,, , last part also in 🇨🇬, , etc. Possibly a cognate with 🇨🇬 (from 🇨🇬).

Pronoun

 * 1)  that
 * 2)  there

title: ἐκεῖνος


text:
camionero

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) related to trucks

Noun

 * 1) trucker, truck driver

title: camionero


text:
կեղեքել

Etymology
From, infinitive of ; see it for more.

Verb

 * 1) to afflict, to vex, to harass, to oppress

title: կեղեքել


text:
չարչարել

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to torment, torture

title: չարչարել


text:
տանջել

Etymology
From, infinitive of ; see it for more.

Verb

 * 1)  to torment, to torture

title: տանջել


text:
βέλος

Etymology
From, from. (The expected form is *δέλος, but the initial consonant has evidently been leveled with that of the cognate verb .) Cognates include Old High German and Lithuanian.

Noun

 * 1) missile, arrow, dart
 * 2) weapon
 * 3) something quickly moving
 * 4) artillery

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) arrow, dart, arrow-shaft
 * 2) cursor, pointer
 * 1) cursor, pointer

title: βέλος


text:
կեղանք

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  scab

Synonyms

 * (keġ)

title: կեղանք


text:
քաղցկեղ

Etymology
From ; see it for more.

Noun

 * 1)  cancer

Etymology
From. For the formation compare.

Noun

 * 1)  cancer
 * 2)  herpes

title: քաղցկեղ


text:
քաղց

Noun

 * 1)  hunger

Etymology
From, grown from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, whence Old Norse. See also 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) hunger
 * 2)  hungry
 * 1)  hungry
 * 1)  hungry
 * 1)  hungry
 * 1)  hungry
 * 1)  hungry

title: քաղց


text:
βελόνη

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) needle
 * 2) pipefish
 * 3) garfish

Descendants

 * Translingual: (garfish)
 * Translingual: (garfish)

title: βελόνη


text:
cloke

Verb

 * 1) * 1926, The Book of Common Prayer of the Church of Ireland, The Order for Morning Prayer
 * the Scripture moveth us in sundry places to acknowledge and confess our manifold sins and wickedness; and that we should not dissemble nor cloke them before the face of Almighty God our heavenly Father; but confess them with an humble, lowly, penitent, and obedient heart
 * the Scripture moveth us in sundry places to acknowledge and confess our manifold sins and wickedness; and that we should not dissemble nor cloke them before the face of Almighty God our heavenly Father; but confess them with an humble, lowly, penitent, and obedient heart

Etymology 1
From, from , from , ultimately. .

Noun

 * 1)  cloak, cape

Etymology 2
enm; forms with are probably influenced by, which this noun may ultimately be related to.

Noun

 * 1)  claw, talon
 * 2) clutches, grasp

Usage notes
This noun is usually only found in the plural.

Etymology 3
From.

Etymology
From, of / origin, from  either  or from.

Noun

 * 1) bell

Related terms

 * clotcher

title: cloke


text:
doty

Adjective

 * 1)  Suffering from rot, or waterlogged
 * 2)  Senile; in one's dotage
 * 1)  Senile; in one's dotage

title: doty


text:
หนังใหญ่

Etymology
From 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1) , a type of  in Thailand.

title: หนังใหญ่


text:
ปี่พาทย์

Etymology
From 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * , an ensemble of wind and percussion instruments in central Thai classical music.

title: ปี่พาทย์


text:
hem in

Verb

 * 1) To surround and enclose in a way that restricts movement.

Translations

 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish: ,
 * Galician:
 * Ido:
 * Latin: arceō
 * Maori: pākaka
 * Polish:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Swedish: stänga inne
 * Tocharian B: wāl-

title: hem in


text:
elefantiaco

Etymology
From, from.

Adjective

 * 1) elephantiac
 * 2) enormously exaggerated

title: elefantiaco


text:
elephantiac

Adjective

 * 1) Afflicted with elephantiasis.

Translations

 * Italian:

Noun

 * 1) A person afflicted with elephantiasis.

title: elephantiac


text:
elefantiasi

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) elephantiasis

title: elefantiasi


text:
henkilöhistoria

Noun

 * 1) History of the life of an individual.

title: henkilöhistoria


text: elämänkerta

title: elämänkerta


text:
elemosiniere

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) the person, at a court or monastery, responsible for distributing relief to the poor etc.

title: elemosiniere


text:
elettoralistico

Adjective

 * 1)  electioneering

title: elettoralistico


text:
elettoralismo

Noun

 * 1) electioneering

title: elettoralismo


text:
estrosità

Noun

 * 1) whimsy, fancy
 * 2) inspiration, talent

title: estrosità


text: ործալ

title: ործալ


text:
fascinazione

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) enchantment
 * 2) fascination

title: fascinazione


text:
ործկալ

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to vomit
 * 2) to feel inclined to vomit, to feel nauseous
 * 1) to feel inclined to vomit, to feel nauseous

title: ործկալ


text:
flessore

Noun

 * 1)  flexor (muscle)

Adjective

 * 1)  flexor

title: flessore


text:
բխկալ

Verb

 * 1) to belch, to burp

Synonyms

 * (orçkal)

title: բխկալ


text: extasiabais

title: extasiabais


text: extasiábamos

title: extasiábamos


text: extasiaban

title: extasiaban


text: extasiabas

title: extasiabas


text: extasiaba

title: extasiaba


text:
foiba

Etymology
From. The term gained widespread use during and after World War II, when the Istrian foibe were used by Yugoslav Partisans as mass graves for local Italians.

Noun

 * 1)  A deep sinkhole typical of karst regions and particularly Istria.

Etymology
From Latin fovea.

title: foiba


text:
հետ տալ

Phrase

 * 1)  to give back
 * 2)  to vomit
 * 3) to wind back

title: հետ տալ


text:
փսխել

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to vomit

title: փսխել


text:
fregnaccia

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  fib, lie
 * 2)  nonsense, rubbish
 * 3)  hassle

title: fregnaccia


text: extasia

title: extasia


text: extasiad

title: extasiad


text: extasiado

title: extasiado


text: extasiamos

title: extasiamos


text: extasiando

title: extasiando


text:
սիրտը խառնել

Phrase

 * 1)  to feel nauseous

title: սիրտը խառնել


text: extasiara

title: extasiara


text: extasiarais

title: extasiarais


text: extasiaran

title: extasiaran


text: extasiaras

title: extasiaras


text: extasiare

title: extasiare


text:
garantismo

Noun

 * 1)  the guarantee of civil liberties

Noun

 * 1)  the guarantee of civil liberties

title: garantismo


text: extasiareis

title: extasiareis


text: extasiaremos

title: extasiaremos


text: extasiaren

title: extasiaren


text: extasiares

title: extasiares


text: extasiaron

title: extasiaron


text: extasiará

title: extasiará


text: extasiarán

title: extasiarán


text: extasiarás

title: extasiarás


text:
generazionalmente

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) generationally

title: generazionalmente


text: extasiaré

title: extasiaré


text: extasiaréis

title: extasiaréis


text: extasiaría

title: extasiaría


text: extasiaríais

title: extasiaríais


text: extasiaríamos

title: extasiaríamos


text:
generationally

Adverb

 * 1) With regard to the generations

Translations

 * Italian: generazionalmente

title: generationally


text: extasiarían

title: extasiarían


text: extasiarías

title: extasiarías


text: extasias

title: extasias


text: extasiase

title: extasiase


text: extasiaseis

title: extasiaseis


text: extasiasen

title: extasiasen


text: extasiases

title: extasiases


text: extasiaste

title: extasiaste


text:
խառնել

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to stir, to mix
 * 2) to mix up, to confuse with
 * 3) to entangle, to intertwine
 * 4) to confuse
 * 5) to agitate
 * 6)  to shuffle

title: խառնել


text: extasiasteis

title: extasiasteis


text: extasie

title: extasie


text: extasiemos

title: extasiemos


text: extasies

title: extasies


text: extasio

title: extasio


text: extasiáis

title: extasiáis


text:
genietto

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) figurine of a cupid
 * 2) little genius (often used ironically)

title: genietto


text: extasiáramos

title: extasiáramos


text: extasiáremos

title: extasiáremos


text: extasiásemos

title: extasiásemos


text: extasié

title: extasié


text: extasiéis

title: extasiéis


text: extasió

title: extasió


text: extasía

title: extasía


text:
ծովախտ

Noun

 * 1) seasickness

title: ծովախտ


text: extasían

title: extasían


text: extasías

title: extasías


text:
զզվանք

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) disgust, repulsion
 * 2) disgusting person

title: զզվանք


text: extasíe

title: extasíe


text: extasíen

title: extasíen


text: extasíes

title: extasíes


text:
սրտխառնուկ

Etymology
From +.

Noun

 * 1)  nausea

title: սրտխառնուկ


text:
genoano

Adjective

 * 1) of or pertaining to the

Noun

 * 1) a member of this team

title: genoano


text: extasío

title: extasío


text:
Genoan

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to Genoa

Translations

 * Czech: janovský
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Italian:
 * Tagalog: Henobes

Noun

 * 1) Native or inhabitant of Genoa

Translations

 * Czech: Janovan
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Italian:
 * Tagalog: Henobes

title: Genoan


text:
geochimico

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) geochemical

Noun

 * 1) geochemist

title: geochimico


text:
User:Visviva/dn header

{| class="wikitable sortable" ! gloss !

title: User:Visviva/dn header


text:
giansenista

Etymology
, derived from, Latinized form of.

Adjective

 * 1)  Jansenist

Noun

 * 1)  Jansenist

title: giansenista


text:
Jansenist

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to Jansenism.

Translations

 * French:
 * Hungarian: janzenista
 * Italian:

Noun

 * 1) An advocate of Jansenism.

Translations

 * French:
 * Hungarian: janzenista
 * Italian:

title: Jansenist


text:
modaraba

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) A form of financial contract in some Muslim countries in which the investor  entrusts money to a financial manager  and any profits and losses are shared between them in an agreed manner.

title: modaraba


text:
User:Jessicanb

jessica

title: User:Jessicanb


text:
glacialità

Noun

 * 1) iciness (lack of warmth, both physical and emotional)

title: glacialità


text:
mosaiclike

Alternative forms

 * mosaic-like

Adjective

 * 1)  Resembling a mosaic, particularly in composition

title: mosaiclike


text:
museumlike

Alternative forms

 * museum-like

Adjective

 * 1) Resembling a museum; especially, full of antiquities or memorabilia

title: museumlike


text:
gorillone

Noun

 * 1) a giant ape; a King Kong

title: gorillone


text:
sausagelike

Adjective

 * 1) Resembling a sausage; often specifically sausage-shaped.

Translations

 * Finnish:

title: sausagelike


text:
sheeplike

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Resembling a sheep: docile or uncomplaining, or willing to follow a leader blindly.

title: sheeplike


text:
gotha

Etymology
Because a noted directory of the aristocracy was published in the German city of from 1764.

Noun

 * 1) aristocracy
 * 2) high society

Noun

 * 1) appearance, attitude
 * 2) gesture, pose
 * 3) air, affectation

Noun

 * 1) the local aristocracy of a region
 * 2) the elite of a particular business or entertainment sector

title: gotha


text:
eliminarsi

Verb

 * 1) to eliminate one another
 * 2) to eliminate oneself

title: eliminarsi


text:
hollywoodiano

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  Hollywood, of Hollywood
 * 2) overly opulent

title: hollywoodiano


text: lead-off

title: lead-off


text:
kitchenless

Adjective

 * 1) Lacking a kitchen

title: kitchenless


text:
fatina

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) fairy or more properly a young or little fairy

title: fatina


text:
keglike

Adjective

 * 1) Resembling a keg, especially in shape

title: keglike


text: biancocelesti

title: biancocelesti


text: elemosinieri

title: elemosinieri


text: elettoralismi

title: elettoralismi


text: fascinazioni

title: fascinazioni


text: flessori

title: flessori


text: foibe

title: foibe


text: fregnacce

title: fregnacce


text: garantismi

title: garantismi


text:
interconnectivity

Noun

 * 1) The state or quality of being interconnected
 * This network has great interconnectivity.

title: interconnectivity


text: genietti

title: genietti


text: genoani

title: genoani


text: geochimici

title: geochimici


text: giansenisti

title: giansenisti


text:
rarissima

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) Extremely rare books, manuscripts, or prints.

title: rarissima


text: rarissimi

title: rarissimi


text: gorilloni

title: gorilloni


text:
rarissime

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) extremely rare

title: rarissime


text: interacter

title: interacter


text: interiste

title: interiste


text: compositiva

title: compositiva


text: compositivi

title: compositivi


text:
compositive

Etymology
, from +.

Adjective

 * 1) Having the quality of entering into composition; compounded.

title: compositive


text: elefantiaca

title: elefantiaca


text: elefantiaci

title: elefantiaci


text:
hypersecrecy

Noun

 * 1) Extreme secrecy

title: hypersecrecy


text: elefantiache

title: elefantiache


text:
hyperemotionality

Noun

 * 1) The state or quality of being.

title: hyperemotionality


text: elettoralistica

title: elettoralistica


text: elettoralistici

title: elettoralistici


text: elettoralistiche

title: elettoralistiche


text: genoana

title: genoana


text: genoane

title: genoane


text:
hypercompetitive

Adjective

 * 1) Extremely competitive
 * The parents at this school are hypercompetitive.

title: hypercompetitive


text:
geochimica

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  geochemistry

title: geochimica


text: geochimiche

title: geochimiche


text: eliminandosi

title: eliminandosi


text: gianseniste

title: gianseniste


text: eliminandoti

title: eliminandoti


text: hollywoodiana

title: hollywoodiana


text: hollywoodiani

title: hollywoodiani


text: hollywoodiane

title: hollywoodiane


text:
hypercasual

Adjective

 * 1) Extremely casual

title: hypercasual


text: eliminiamoci

title: eliminiamoci


text:
highlife

Noun

 * 1)  A genre of music that originated in Ghana in the early 20th century, blending elements of traditional Akan music with Western instruments and ideas.
 * 2)  A work or performance in this style.
 * 1)  A work or performance in this style.

title: highlife


text: eliminatevi

title: eliminatevi


text:
groundskeeping

Noun

 * 1) The activity of tending an area of land for aesthetic or functional purposes; typically as an employee of a person or institution

title: groundskeeping


text: assuefarmi

title: assuefarmi


text: assuefarti

title: assuefarti


text: assuefarci

title: assuefarci


text: assuefarvi

title: assuefarvi


text: golddiggers

title: golddiggers


text: assuefacendosi

title: assuefacendosi


text: assuefacendomi

title: assuefacendomi


text: assuefacendoti

title: assuefacendoti


text: assuefacendoci

title: assuefacendoci


text: assuefacendovi

title: assuefacendovi


text: assuefacciamoci

title: assuefacciamoci


text: assuefatevi

title: assuefatevi


text: golddigger

title: golddigger


text:
zoomare

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to zoom
 * 2)  to zoom in on

title: zoomare


text: makeups

title: makeups


text: zumare

title: zumare


text: superduper

title: superduper


text:
sběrnice

Noun

 * 1)  bus an electrical conductor serving as a common connection for two or more circuits

title: sběrnice


text: zoomato

title: zoomato


text: zumato

title: zumato


text:
hteti

Etymology
, cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to wish, want, desire
 * 2)  ; shall, will, going to
 * 3)  to feel like
 * 4) to be known to, to tend to
 * 1) to be known to, to tend to
 * 1) to be known to, to tend to

Usage notes
In some dialects, there is no aspiration so the initial h sound in all forms is never pronounced (e.g. hoću becomes oću). In formal speech, aspiration is preferred.

title: hteti


text:
ecclesiale

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) ecclesial, ecclesiastical

title: ecclesiale


text:
mansun

Noun

 * 1) ox

title: mansun


text:
vivezza

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) vivacity, liveliness, vividness
 * 2) brightness

title: vivezza


text: vivendolo

title: vivendolo


text:
merun

Noun

 * 1) mucus

title: merun


text:
vitalismo

Noun

 * 1)  vitalism doctrine that life involves some immaterial vital force

Noun

 * 1)  vitalism doctrine that life involves some immaterial vital force

Noun

 * 1)  vitalism doctrine that life involves some immaterial vital force

title: vitalismo


text: eigenstructures

title: eigenstructures


text: ultrasonographs

title: ultrasonographs


text:
metawe

Noun

 * 1) jar of 1 to 3 liters

title: metawe


text:
eigenstructure

Noun

 * 1)  The set of eigenvalues of a matrix.

title: eigenstructure


text:
vistare

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to visa
 * 2)  to approve, to okay, to endorse, to stamp

title: vistare


text:
unchildlike

Adjective

 * 1) Not childlike; inappropriate for a child to do or be

title: unchildlike


text:
asterix

Etymology
Through metathesis of.

title: asterix