text:
isoarsinoline

Noun

 * 1)  The heterocycle formally derived from isoquinoline by replacing the nitrogen atom with one or arsenic

title: isoarsinoline


text:
isoindole

Noun

 * 1)  A bicyclic heterocycle that is an isomer of indole

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: isoindole


text:
phosphindole

Noun

 * 1)  A heterocycle formally derived from indole by replacing the nitrogen atom with phosphorus

title: phosphindole


text:
phosphindolizine

Noun

 * 1)  A heterocycle formally derived from indolizine by replacing the nitrogen atom with phosphorus

title: phosphindolizine


text:
isophosphindole

Noun

 * 1)  A heterocycle formally derived from isoindole by replacing the nitrogen atom with phosphorus

title: isophosphindole


text:
isophosphinoline

Noun

 * 1)  A heterocycle formally derived from isoquinoline by replacing the nitrogen atom with phosphorus

title: isophosphinoline


text:
phosphanthridine

Noun

 * 1)  A heterocycle formally derived from phenanthridine by replacing the nitrogen atom with phosphorus

title: phosphanthridine


text:
phosphinoline

Noun

 * 1)  A heterocycle formally derived from quinoline by replacing the nitrogen atom with phosphorus

title: phosphinoline


text:
phosphinolizine

Noun

 * 1)  A heterocycle formally derived from quinolizine by replacing the nitrogen atom with phosphorus.

title: phosphinolizine


text: Template:User id-2

title: Template:User id-2


text:
azepine

Etymology
+ (from 🇨🇬 + )

Noun

 * 1)  An unsaturated seven-membered heterocycle having six carbon atoms, one nitrogen atom and three double bonds

Usage notes

 * The analogous compounds with two, and one double bonds are termed tetrahydro- and dihydro- azepines.
 * The analogous saturated compound is azepane

title: azepine


text:
azepane

Noun

 * 1)  A saturated seven-membered heterocycle having six carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom

Usage notes

 * The analogous unsaturated compound is azepine

title: azepane


text:
oxepine

Noun

 * 1)  An unsaturated seven-membered heterocycle having six carbon atoms, one oxygen atom and three double bonds

Usage notes

 * The analogous compounds with two, and one double bonds are termed tetrahydro- and dihydro- oxepines.
 * The analogous saturated compound is oxepane

title: oxepine


text:
oxepane

Noun

 * 1)  A saturated seven-membered heterocycle having six carbon atoms and one oxygen atom

Usage notes

 * The analogous unsaturated compound is oxepine

title: oxepane


text:
thiepine

Noun

 * 1)  An unsaturated seven-membered heterocycle having six carbon atoms, one sulfur atom and three double bonds

Usage notes

 * The analogous compounds with two, and one double bonds are termed tetrahydro- and dihydro- thiepines.
 * The analogous saturated compound is thiepane.

title: thiepine


text:
thiepane

Noun

 * 1)  A saturated seven-membered heterocycle having six carbon atoms and one sulfur atom.

Usage notes

 * The analogous unsaturated compound is thiepine.

title: thiepane


text:
azocine

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  An unsaturated eight-membered heterocycle having seven carbon atoms, one nitrogen atom and four double bonds.

Usage notes

 * The analogous compounds with three, two, and one double bonds are termed hexahydro-, tetrahydro- and dihydro- azocines.
 * The analogous saturated compound is azocane.

title: azocine


text:
azocane

Noun

 * 1)  A saturated eight-membered heterocycle having seven carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom

Usage notes

 * The analogous unsaturated compound is azocine

title: azocane


text:
oxocine

Noun

 * 1)  An unsaturated eight-membered heterocycle having seven carbon atoms, one oxygen atom and three double bonds

Usage notes

 * The analogous compounds with two, and one double bonds are termed tetrahydro- and dihydro- oxocines.
 * The analogous saturated compound is oxocane

title: oxocine


text:
oxocane

Noun

 * 1)  A saturated eight-membered heterocycle having seven carbon atoms and one oxygen atom

Usage notes

 * The analogous unsaturated compound is oxocine

title: oxocane


text:
thiocine

Noun

 * 1)  An unsaturated eight-membered heterocycle having seven carbon atoms, one sulfur atom and three double bonds

Usage notes

 * The analogous compounds with two, and one double bonds are termed tetrahydro- and dihydro- thiocines.
 * The analogous saturated compound is thiocane

title: thiocine


text:
thiocane

Noun

 * 1)  A saturated eight-membered heterocycle having seven carbon atoms and one sulfur atom

Usage notes

 * The analogous unsaturated compound is thiocine

title: thiocane


text:
benzazocine

Noun

 * 1)  A bicyclic heterocycle consisting of a benzene ring fused to that of azocine

title: benzazocine


text:
benzisothiazole

Noun

 * 1)  A bicyclic heterocycle consisting of a benzene ring fused to that of isothiazole

title: benzisothiazole


text:
benzisoxazole

Noun

 * 1)  A bicyclic heterocycle consisting of a benzene ring fused to that of isoxazole

title: benzisoxazole


text:
benzoheterocycle

Noun

 * 1)  Any polycyclic heterocycle consisting of a benzene ring fused to that of another heterocycle

title: benzoheterocycle


text:
benzocycloheptene

Noun

 * 1)  A bicyclic hydrocarbon consisting of a benzene ring fused to that of cycloheptene

title: benzocycloheptene


title: Template:is-decl-noun-m-w1


text:
benzopyran

Noun

 * 1)  Either of two isomeric bicyclic heterocycles consisting of a benzene ring fused to that of pyran, but especially 2-benzopyran

Synonyms

 * isochromene (2-benzopyran)

Translations

 * Polish: benzopiren

title: benzopyran


text:
benzothiazine

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  A bicyclic heterocycle consisting of a benzene ring fused to that of thiazine

Derived terms

 * benzothiazinone

title: benzothiazine


text:
benzothiazole

Noun

 * 1)  A bicyclic heterocycle consisting of a benzene ring fused to that of thiazole

title: benzothiazole


text:
benzothiopyran

Noun

 * 1)  A bicyclic heterocycle consisting of a benzene ring fused to that of thiopyran

title: benzothiopyran


text:
thiopyran

Noun

 * 1)  An unsaturated six-membered heterocycle consisting of five carbon atoms. one sulfur atom and two double bonds

title: thiopyran


text:
benzotriazole

Noun

 * 1)  A bicyclic heterocycle consisting of a benzene ring fused to that of triazole

title: benzotriazole


text:
benzoxadiazine

Noun

 * 1)  A bicyclic heterocycle consisting of a benzene ring fused to that of oxadiazine

title: benzoxadiazine


text:
られる

Etymology
From Classical Japanese, which followed and attached to the  of monograde, bigrade, , and  verbs.

As with other shimo nidan verbs, the original  was gradually lost as the   came to be used for both functions, realigning the conjugations, and the conjugation type shifted to, making the modern form.

Some linguists suggest that られる is a variant of, where a reduplicative "r" is added to avoid vowel clusters. (e.g. 食べる + れる → *tabe- + *-are- → *tabeare- + *taberare- → 食べられる)

Suffix

 * 1)  -able, -ible
 * 1)  -able, -ible
 * 1)  -able, -ible

Usage notes
Attaches only to the of Group II (ichidan) and Group III (irregular) verbs. The result is conjugated like a Group II (ichidan) verb.

The passive form of verbs from other conjugation classes are formed with instead of.

Recently in colloquial speech, used for the potential can be shortened to, e.g. , ,. This practice is called.

This word is morphologically an inflectional suffix. It is classified as in traditional Japanese grammar.

title: られる


text:
oxadiazine

Noun

 * 1)  An unsaturated six-membered heterocycle having three carbon atoms, one oxygen atom, two nitrogen atoms and two double bonds

title: oxadiazine


text:
benzoxathiole

Noun

 * 1)  A bicyclic heterocycle consisting of a benzene ring fused to that of oxathiole

title: benzoxathiole


text:
oxathiole

Noun

 * 1)  An unsaturated five-membered heterocycle having three carbon atoms, one oxygen atom, one sulfur atom and one double bond

Derived terms

 * isoxathiole

title: oxathiole


text:
benzoxazine

Noun

 * 1)  A bicyclic heterocycle consisting of a benzene ring fused to that of oxazine.

title: benzoxazine


text:
benzoxazole

Noun

 * 1)  A bicyclic heterocycle consisting of a benzene ring fused to that of oxazole

title: benzoxazole


text:
benzoxepine

Noun

 * 1)  A bicyclic heterocycle consisting of a benzene ring fused to that of oxepine

title: benzoxepine


text:
anh

Etymology
From.

According to Phan Kế Bính's Việt Nam phong tục (1915), apparently the practice of calling each other anh- for those in relationship originated from the province of Quảng Nam:

Noun

 * 1) an
 * 2) a male cousin who's descended from an ancestor who is/was an older sibling to yours or your spouse's
 * 3)  a generic thing
 * 1)  a generic thing

Pronoun

 * 1) I/me, your male cousin who's descended from an ancestor who is/was an older sibling to yours or your spouse's
 * 2) I/me, your  older than you
 * 3)  I/me, your
 * , a male who's (presumably) slightly older than me
 * 1) you, my male cousin who's descended from an ancestor who is/was an older sibling to mine or my spouse's
 * 2) you, my boyfriend
 * 3) you, my husband
 * 4)  you, the high schoolboy reading this textbook
 * , that young adult man
 * 1) you, my male cousin who's descended from an ancestor who is/was an older sibling to mine or my spouse's
 * 2) you, my boyfriend
 * 3) you, my husband
 * 4)  you, the high schoolboy reading this textbook
 * , that young adult man
 * 1) you, my boyfriend
 * 2) you, my husband
 * 3)  you, the high schoolboy reading this textbook
 * , that young adult man
 * 1)  you, the high schoolboy reading this textbook
 * , that young adult man
 * 1)  you, the high schoolboy reading this textbook
 * , that young adult man
 * 1)  you, the high schoolboy reading this textbook
 * , that young adult man
 * , that young adult man
 * , that young adult man

Usage notes
Textbooks tend to assume grade schoolers and middle schoolers to be young enough to be called, but high schoolers to be old enough to be called and. The "pronoun" choices for high schoolers in these books are strictly binary, and the female is always secondary and shown in parentheses.

title: anh


text:
ông

Etymology
. In Japanese, the same character corresponds to. The character for (which corresponds to  in Vietnamese),, actually corresponds to  in Chinese and Japanese.

Noun

 * a
 * 1) an
 * 2)  a, old or young

Pronoun

 * 1)  you, a man about 40 or older
 * , your grandfather
 * 1)  I/me, an old man
 * 1)  you, a man about 40 or older
 * , your grandfather
 * 1)  I/me, an old man
 * , your grandfather
 * 1)  I/me, an old man
 * , your grandfather
 * 1)  I/me, an old man
 * 1)  I/me, an old man
 * 1)  I/me, an old man

Usage notes

 * For the narratological sense, frequently used to refer to renowned figures such as, for example, Benjamin Franklin. Perhaps also neutrally fitting for infamous figures such as Adolf Hitler.

Classifier

 * 1)  Indicates stars
 * 2) used for lime container
 * Ông bình vôi — A lime container
 * Ông bình vôi — A lime container

title: ông


text:
quá

Verb

 * 1) to pass; to go past; to go through
 * 2) to cross
 * 3) to come to something or somebody; to drop in on somebody
 * 1) to cross
 * 2) to come to something or somebody; to drop in on somebody
 * 1) to cross
 * 2) to come to something or somebody; to drop in on somebody
 * 1) to come to something or somebody; to drop in on somebody
 * 1) to come to something or somebody; to drop in on somebody

Verb

 * 1) to be able to; to be capable of

Verb

 * 1) to recover; to get over

Conjunction

 * 1) than

Adverb

 * 1) once; before (formerly; during some period in the past)

Adverb

 * 1) throughout; all; entire; from end to end

Adjective

 * 1) last (especially in the phrase "pi quá" - last year)

Etymology
..

Adverb

 * 1) very, excessively

Verb

 * 1) to exceed

title: quá


text: chromene

title: chromene


text:
on the lookout

Prepositional phrase

 * 1) Constantly alert, intent on finding something or someone.
 * I'm on the lookout for a good example of a Roman dinar from the 1st century. Let me know if you hear of one anywhere.
 * I'm on the lookout for a good example of a Roman dinar from the 1st century. Let me know if you hear of one anywhere.

Translations

 * French:
 * Maori: matakana
 * Portuguese: de olho
 * Spanish: ojo avizor
 * Turkish: arayışında,

title: on the lookout


text:
cinnoline

Noun

 * 1)  benzopyridazine

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 噌啉
 * Mandarin: 噌啉
 * Japanese: シンノリン
 * Korean: 신놀린

title: cinnoline


text:
benzopyridazine

Noun

 * 1)  A bicyclic heterocycle consisting of a benzene ring fused to that of pyridazine

Synonyms

 * cinnoline

title: benzopyridazine


text:
cyclooctene

Noun

 * 1)  A cycloalkene having eight carbon atoms and one double bond

title: cyclooctene


text:
diazanaphthalene

Noun

 * 1)  Any bicyclic heterocycle formally derived from naphthalene by replacing two carbon atoms with those of nitrogen

title: diazanaphthalene


text:
trăm

Etymology
From, from ; cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as, composed of +  (modern SV:  ) and  (modern SV: ).

Numeral

 * 1)   hundred

Noun

 * 1)  a hundred thousand Vietnamese dongs

title: trăm


text:
keep a lookout

Verb

 * 1) To remain vigilant for someone or something.
 * 2) To remain vigilant for a possibly dangerous situation.

Synonyms

 * keep an eye open

title: keep a lookout


text:
diazaphenanthrene

Noun

 * 1)  Any tricyclic heterocycle formally derived from phenanthrene by replacing two carbon atoms with those of nitrogen

title: diazaphenanthrene


text:
keep an eye open

Verb

 * 1)  To remain vigilant for someone or something.
 * 2)  To remain vigilant for a possibly dangerous situation.

Synonyms

 * keep a lookout

title: keep an eye open


text:
diazecine

Noun

 * 1)  An unsaturated ten-membered heterocycle having eight carbon atoms, two nitrogen atoms and five double bonds

title: diazecine


text:
dibenzimidazole

Noun

 * 1)  A tricyclic heterocycle consisting of two benzene rings fused to one of imidazole

title: dibenzimidazole


text:
difuran

Noun

 * 1)  A bicyclic heterocycle consisting of two fused furan rings

Usage notes

 * Used in combination to name more complex polycyclic compounds

title: difuran


text:
diindole

Noun

 * 1)  A bicyclic heterocycle consisting of two fused indole rings

Usage notes

 * Used in combination to name more complex polycyclic compounds

title: diindole


text:
diisoquinoline

Noun

 * 1)  A polycyclic heterocycle consisting of two fused isoquinoline rings

Usage notes

 * Used in combination to name more complex polycyclic compounds

title: diisoquinoline


text:
dioxole

Noun

 * 1)  A bicyclic heterocycle consisting of two fused oxole rings

Usage notes

 * Used in combination to name more complex polycyclic compounds

title: dioxole


text:
oxole

Noun

 * 1)  furan

title: oxole


text:
dipyridine

Noun

 * 1)  A bicyclic heterocycle consisting of two fused pyridine rings

Usage notes

 * Used in combination to name more complex polycyclic compounds

title: dipyridine


text:
dipyrrole

Noun

 * 1)  A bicyclic heterocycle consisting of two fused pyrrole rings

Usage notes

 * Used in combination to name more complex polycyclic compounds

title: dipyrrole


text:
dipyrrolizine

Noun

 * 1)  A polycyclic heterocycle consisting of two fused pyrrolizine rings

Usage notes

 * Used in combination to name more complex polycyclic compounds

title: dipyrrolizine


text:
pyrrolizine

Noun

 * 1)  A bicyclic heterocycle consisting of a pyrrole ring fused to that of pyrrolidine

title: pyrrolizine


text:
diquinoxaline

Noun

 * 1)  A polycyclic heterocycle consisting of two fused quinoxaline rings

Usage notes

 * Used in combination to name more complex polycyclic compounds

title: diquinoxaline


text:
quinoxaline

Noun

 * 1)  A bicyclic heterocycle consisting of a benzene ring fused to that of pyrazine.

Synonyms

 * benzopyrazine

Translations

 * Catalan: quinoxalina
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 喹喔啉
 * Mandarin: 喹喔啉
 * Japanese: キノキサリン
 * Korean: 퀴녹살린

title: quinoxaline


text:
dithiepine

Noun

 * 1)  A bicyclic heterocycle consisting of two fused thiepine rings.

Usage notes

 * Used in combination to name more complex polycyclic compounds

title: dithiepine


text:
Talk:loft

West Frisian loft = left
I'm pretty sure the only correct word is lofts (e). But I'm not certain enough to delete somebody's entry. Winter 10:38, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:loft


text:
User:Matt.smart/monobook.js

// User:Lupin/popups.js importScript('http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Lupin/popups.js');

title: User:Matt.smart/monobook.js


text:
Talk:nocht

Adjective?
The adjective entry looks spurious to me, but I'm not sure enough to delete it. Winter 11:06, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:nocht


text:
one thing led to another

Phrase

 * 1) From one event, a series of insignificant steps resulted in another event.

Translations

 * Finnish: yksi asia johti toiseen
 * French:
 * Italian: da cosa nasce cosa
 * Polish:

title: one thing led to another


text:
pay the bills

Verb

 * 1)  To provide enough income to sustain one's lifestyle.
 * Being a dentist isn't so glamorous, but it pays the bills.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, 當飯吃
 * Dutch: rekeningen betalen
 * Finnish: tuoda voita leivän päälle
 * French: payer les factures
 * German: die Rechnungen bezahlen
 * Hungarian: meg lehet élni belőle, ki lehet jönni belőle
 * Japanese: 勘定を支払う
 * Polish: płacić rachunki
 * Portuguese: pagar as contas
 * Russian: плати́ть по счета́м
 * Spanish: pagar las cuentas
 * Thai:

title: pay the bills


text:
vice-chancellor

Etymology
From en.

Noun

 * 1)  An official holding a rank immediately below that of chancellor.
 * 2)  The chief executive of a university, college or similar facility where the chancellor is a largely ceremonial role.
 * 3) A lower judge of chancery.
 * 4)  In Roman Catholicism, the cardinal whose duty it is to draft and dispatch papal bulls and briefs.

Derived terms

 * pro-vice-chancellor

Translations

 * Bengali: ,
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek: αντικαγκελάριος
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: leas-seansailéir
 * Italian: ,
 * Polish: wicekanclerz
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: vicecanciller
 * Swahili: makamu wa kansela
 * Swedish:
 * Telugu:

title: vice-chancellor


text:
shnilý

Etymology
Cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) rotten

title: shnilý


text:
User talk:Matt.smart

Hi, just to let you know we use a modified version of popups.js, which you can ask to use, along with many other random Wiktionary addons at WT:PREFS (which predates Gadgets before you ask why we don't use that ;). I attach the standard welcome template for wikipedians. Conrad.Irwin 11:24, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Matt.smart


text:
dislivello

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) height difference, elevation gain, drop, rise, lift
 * 2) gap

title: dislivello


text:
ameno

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) pleasant

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1)  temperate not excessively hot or cold
 * 2)  calm free from anger and axiety
 * 1)  calm free from anger and axiety

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) pleasant

title: ameno


text:
child pornography

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  material depicting minors; sexually explicit (or suggestive) images of children.

Translations

 * Azerbaijani: uşaq pornoqrafiyasi
 * Bengali:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 兒童色情
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: dětská pornografie
 * Danish: børnepornografi, børneporno
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hebrew: פּוֹרְנוֹגְרַפְיָיָה יְלָדִים
 * Hindi: बाल रतिचित्रण
 * Hungarian: gyermekpornográfia, gyermekpornó
 * Icelandic: barnaklám
 * Japanese: 児童ポルノ, 子どもポルノ
 * Kazakh: балалар порнографиясы
 * Korean: 아동 포르노
 * Polish: pornografia dziecięca
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: детская порнография
 * Scottish Gaelic: drabasdachd ri cloinn
 * Spanish: pornografía infantil
 * Swedish:
 * Vietnamese: nội dung khiêu dâm trẻ em

title: child pornography


text:
intascare

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to pocket
 * 2)  to fold, to roll up (the sails)

title: intascare


text:
intavolare

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to start, open, or engage in (a conversation, game, etc.)
 * 2)  to tabulate
 * 3)  to cover or scaffold with boards
 * 4)  to place on a table or board
 * 5)  to use or put into tablature
 * 1)  to use or put into tablature

title: intavolare


text:
immunizzare

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to immunize

title: immunizzare


text:
immunizzarsi

Verb

 * 1) to become immune, get immunized
 * 1) to become immune, get immunized

title: immunizzarsi


text:
méningite

Noun

 * 1) meningitis

title: méningite


text: immunizzato

title: immunizzato


text:
organizzativamente

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) organizationally

title: organizzativamente


text: intascando

title: intascando


text: intascante

title: intascante


text: intascato

title: intascato


text: intascati

title: intascati


text: intascata

title: intascata


text: intasco

title: intasco


text: intaschi

title: intaschi


text: intasca

title: intasca


text: intaschiamo

title: intaschiamo


text: intascate

title: intascate


text: intascano

title: intascano


text: intascavo

title: intascavo


text: intascavi

title: intascavi


text: intascava

title: intascava


text: intascavamo

title: intascavamo


text: intascavate

title: intascavate


text: intascavano

title: intascavano


text: intascai

title: intascai


text: intavolando

title: intavolando


text: intascasti

title: intascasti


text: intavolante

title: intavolante


text: intascò

title: intascò


text:
intavolato

Noun

 * 1) boardwalk

title: intavolato


text: intascammo

title: intascammo


text: intavolati

title: intavolati


text: intascaste

title: intascaste


text: intavolata

title: intavolata


text: intascarono

title: intascarono


text: intavolo

title: intavolo


text: intascherò

title: intascherò


text: intavoli

title: intavoli


text: intascherai

title: intascherai


text: intavola

title: intavola


text: intascherà

title: intascherà


text:
spacieux

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) spacious

title: spacieux


text: intavoliamo

title: intavoliamo


text: intascheremo

title: intascheremo


text: intavolate

title: intavolate


text: intascherete

title: intascherete


text: intavolano

title: intavolano


text: intascheranno

title: intascheranno


text: intavolavo

title: intavolavo


text: intascherei

title: intascherei


text: intavolavi

title: intavolavi


text: intascheresti

title: intascheresti


text: intavolava

title: intavolava


text: intascherebbe

title: intascherebbe


text: intavolavamo

title: intavolavamo


text: intascheremmo

title: intascheremmo


text: intavolavate

title: intavolavate


text: intaschereste

title: intaschereste


text: intavolavano

title: intavolavano


text: intascherebbero

title: intascherebbero


text: intavolai

title: intavolai


text: intaschiate

title: intaschiate


text: intavolasti

title: intavolasti


text: intaschino

title: intaschino


text: intavolò

title: intavolò


text: intascassi

title: intascassi


text: intavolammo

title: intavolammo


text: intascasse

title: intascasse


text:
長笛

Noun

 * 1) Western concert flute

title: 長笛


text: intavolaste

title: intavolaste


text: intascassimo

title: intascassimo


text: intavolarono

title: intavolarono


text: intascassero

title: intascassero


text: intavolerò

title: intavolerò


text: intavolerai

title: intavolerai


text: intavolerà

title: intavolerà


text: intavoleremo

title: intavoleremo


text: intavolerete

title: intavolerete


text: intavoleranno

title: intavoleranno


text: intavolerei

title: intavolerei


text: intavoleresti

title: intavoleresti


text: intavolerebbe

title: intavolerebbe


text: intavoleremmo

title: intavoleremmo


text: intavolereste

title: intavolereste


text: intavolerebbero

title: intavolerebbero


text: intavoliate

title: intavoliate


text: intavolino

title: intavolino


text: intavolassi

title: intavolassi


text: intavolasse

title: intavolasse


text: intavolassimo

title: intavolassimo


text: intavolassero

title: intavolassero


text:
productivité

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) productivity

title: productivité


text: immunizzando

title: immunizzando


text:
immunizzante

Adjective

 * 1)  immunizing, immunogenic

title: immunizzante


text: immunizzati

title: immunizzati


text: immunizzata

title: immunizzata


text: immunizzo

title: immunizzo


text: immunizzi

title: immunizzi


text: immunizza

title: immunizza


text: immunizziamo

title: immunizziamo


text: immunizzate

title: immunizzate


text: immunizzano

title: immunizzano


text: immunizzavo

title: immunizzavo


text: immunizzavi

title: immunizzavi


text: immunizzava

title: immunizzava


text: immunizzavamo

title: immunizzavamo


text: immunizzavate

title: immunizzavate


text: immunizzavano

title: immunizzavano


text: immunizzai

title: immunizzai


text:
effetto collaterale

Noun

 * 1)  side effect, spillover

title: effetto collaterale


text: immunizzasti

title: immunizzasti


text: immunizzò

title: immunizzò


text: immunizzammo

title: immunizzammo


text: immunizzaste

title: immunizzaste


text: immunizzarono

title: immunizzarono


text: immunizzerò

title: immunizzerò


text: immunizzerai

title: immunizzerai


text: immunizzerà

title: immunizzerà


text: immunizzeremo

title: immunizzeremo


text: immunizzerete

title: immunizzerete


text: immunizzeranno

title: immunizzeranno


text: immunizzerei

title: immunizzerei


text: immunizzeresti

title: immunizzeresti


text: immunizzerebbe

title: immunizzerebbe


text: immunizzeremmo

title: immunizzeremmo


text: immunizzereste

title: immunizzereste


text: immunizzerebbero

title: immunizzerebbero


text: immunizziate

title: immunizziate


text: immunizzino

title: immunizzino


text: immunizzassi

title: immunizzassi


text: immunizzasse

title: immunizzasse


text: immunizzassimo

title: immunizzassimo


text: immunizzassero

title: immunizzassero


text: immunizzarmi

title: immunizzarmi


text: immunizzarti

title: immunizzarti


text: immunizzarci

title: immunizzarci


text: immunizzarvi

title: immunizzarvi


text: immunizzandosi

title: immunizzandosi


text: immunizzandomi

title: immunizzandomi


text: immunizzandoti

title: immunizzandoti


text: immunizzandoci

title: immunizzandoci


text: immunizzandovi

title: immunizzandovi


text: immunizziamoci

title: immunizziamoci


text: immunizzatevi

title: immunizzatevi


text:
séducteur

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) seducer

Adjective

 * 1) seductive

title: séducteur


text:
epoxyethane

Noun

 * 1)  ethylene oxide

title: epoxyethane


text: 震音铁琴

title: 震音铁琴


text:
heptahelicene

Noun

 * 1)  The helicene having seven benzene rings fused into a flat spiral

title: heptahelicene


text:
pentahelicene

Noun

 * 1)  The helicene having five benzene rings fused into a flat spiral

title: pentahelicene


text:
hexahelicene

Noun

 * 1)  The helicene having six benzene rings fused into a flat spiral

title: hexahelicene


text:
heptalene

Noun

 * 1)  A bicyclic hydrocarbon consisting of two fused cycloheptatriene rings

title: heptalene


text: guiltie

title: guiltie


text: freshe

title: freshe


text: asleepe

title: asleepe


text:
heteranthrene

Noun

 * 1)  Any heterocycle consisting of two benzene rings fused to a 1,4-diheterabenzene in which the heteroatoms are the same e.g. thianthrene

title: heteranthrene


text:
diheterabenzene

Noun

 * 1)  Any heterocycle formally derived from benzene by replacing two carbon atoms by heteroatoms

title: diheterabenzene


text:
heterobicyclic

Adjective

 * 1)  Of or pertaining to a heterobicycle

title: heterobicyclic


text:
heterobicycle

Noun

 * 1)  Any bicyclic heterocycle

title: heterobicycle


text:
heteromonocycle

Noun

 * 1)  Any monocyclic heterocycle

title: heteromonocycle


text:
heterotricycle

Noun

 * 1)  Any tricyclic heterocycle

title: heterotricycle


text:
heteromonocyclic

Adjective

 * 1)  Of or pertaining to a heteromonocycle

title: heteromonocyclic


text:
heterotricyclic

Adjective

 * 1)  Of or pertaining to a heterotricycle

title: heterotricyclic


text:
heterocycloalkane

Noun

 * 1)  Any saturated heterocycle formally derived from a cycloalkane by replacing one or more carbon atoms with a heteroatom

title: heterocycloalkane


text:
heteroelement

Noun

 * 1)  Any element in a heterocyclic ring (or other structure normally built of carbon atoms) that is not carbon

Related terms

 * heteroatom

Translations

 * German: Heteroelement

title: heteroelement


text:
hexacene

Noun

 * 1)  The acene consisting of six fused benzene rings; any derivative of this compound

title: hexacene


text:
εισροή

Etymology
From. Morphologically, from.

Noun

 * 1) influx, inflow

title: εισροή


text:
ταπετσαρία

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) wallpaper, other wall covering
 * 2) fabric used to cover furniture, upholstery

title: ταπετσαρία


text:
indacene

Noun

 * 1)  Either of two isomeric aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of two cyclopentadiene rings fused to one of benzene - as-indacene and s-indacene

title: indacene


text:
indazole

Etymology
From. The indicates the extra ring nitrogen as compared to.

Noun

 * 1)  benzopyrazole

Derived terms

 * nitroindazole
 * nitroindazole
 * nitroindazole

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 吲唑
 * Mandarin: 吲唑
 * Japanese: インダゾール

title: indazole


text:
benzopyrazole

Noun

 * 1)  The bicyclic heterocycle composed of a benzene ring fused to that of pyrazole; indazole

title: benzopyrazole


text:
indene

Noun

 * 1)  The bicyclic hydrocarbon consisting of a benzene ring fused to one of cyclopentadiene

Derived terms

 * indenone

Translations

 * Catalan: indè
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 茚
 * Mandarin:
 * French:
 * Japanese: インデン
 * Korean: 인덴

Etymology
From, from in-, a negative prefix, + damnum "damage".

Adjective

 * 1)  unhurt, undamaged, unscratched, uninjured

title: indene


text:
interparent

Adjective

 * 1) Between or among parents

title: interparent


text:
tethera

Etymology
From numerals, extended from a root *tri.

Numeral

 * 1)  three in Celtic sheep counting

title: tethera


text:
disintermediary

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to disintermediation

title: disintermediary


text:
isobenzofuran

Noun

 * 1)  The isomer of benzofuran 2-benzofuran

title: isobenzofuran


text:
qonaq

Etymology
From. Ultimately from, whence also 🇨🇬. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) guest

Noun

 * 1) party room
 * 2) meeting room

title: qonaq


text:
uçaq

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) aeroplane

Synonyms

 * tayare

title: uçaq


text:
sıylı

Adjective

 * 1) estimable

title: sıylı


text:
retroperitoneal

Adjective

 * 1) Located behind the peritoneum.

Translations

 * Catalan: retroperitoneal
 * Finnish: retroperitoneaalinen, vatsakalvontakainen
 * French:
 * Greek:
 * Spanish: retroperitoneal

Etymology
From.

Etymology
From.

title: retroperitoneal


text:
ırcanke

Adjective

 * 1) kittenish

title: ırcanke


text:
yosma

Adjective

 * 1) coquette

Adjective

 * 1) coquettish

Noun

 * 1) coquette

title: yosma


text:
yañı

Etymology
From,.

Adjective

 * 1) new
 * 2) modern

Synonyms

 * cañı

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) new

title: yañı


text:
cañı

Adjective

 * 1) new

Usage notes

 * Literary form yañı

title: cañı


text:
taze

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) fresh

Etymology
From, from.

Adjective

 * 1)  fresh

Etymology
, ultimately from.

Adjective

 * 1) fresh

title: taze


text:
Schmuggler

Noun

 * 1) smuggler

title: Schmuggler


text:
Schmuggel

Noun

 * 1) smuggling

title: Schmuggel


text:
donkey's ears

Etymology
1916 UK, from British, rhyming with , due to donkey’s ears being long.

Noun

 * 1)  A long time, years and years.
 * 2) * 1916,, The Vermilion Box:
 * Now for my first bath for what the men call ‘Donkey’s ears’, meaning years and years.
 * 1)  A pair of scissor binoculars.

Synonyms

 * ages
 * donkey's years
 * years and years
 * yonks

Derived terms

 * donkey's years

title: donkey's ears


text:
forcieren

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to accelerate, to force, to push

title: forcieren


text:
Alter Ego

Noun

 * 1) alter ego

title: Alter Ego


text:
qopuq

Adjective

 * 1) sport, portly

title: qopuq


text:
arkangelas

Etymology
From, from. Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) archangel

title: arkangelas


text:
Fördermenge

Noun

 * 1)  output

title: Fördermenge


text:
toban

Noun

 * 1) straw, hay

Etymology
. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Numeral

 * 1)  ten

title: toban


text:
ຂາມ

Etymology
Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) tamarind

title: ຂາມ


text:
maramaglia

Noun

 * 1) riff-raff, mob

title: maramaglia


text: marameo

title: marameo


text:
marangone

Etymology
From, , from (cf. , 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬). Also cognate with 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) cormorant

title: marangone


text:
marantico

Adjective

 * 1) marasmic

title: marantico


text:
ໝາກແຄ້ງ

Noun

 * 1) turkey berry, devil's fig

title: ໝາກແຄ້ງ


text:
marasco

Noun

 * 1) morello

title: marasco


text: työtehtävät

title: työtehtävät


text:
marasma

Noun

 * 1) spider

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) marasmus
 * 2) chaos, confusion, mayhem

title: marasma


text:
maratonina

Noun

 * 1) half marathon

title: maratonina


text:
podnikateľ

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) entrepreneur

title: podnikateľ


text:
weakly cardinal

Adjective

 * 1) Exhibiting or characteristic of weak cardinality

title: weakly cardinal


text:
motorcyklist

Noun

 * 1) motorcyclist

Noun

 * 1) motorcyclist

title: motorcyklist


text:
isoindoline

Noun

 * 1)  The isomer of indoline 2-indoline

title: isoindoline


text:
amenità

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) pleasantness, amenity
 * 2) pleasantry, jest

title: amenità


text:
locant

Noun

 * 1)  That part of the name of a compound (often a letter or number) that describes the position of an atom, residue or functional group.
 * The 2 in hexan-2-one is a locant.

title: locant


text:
immunizzazione

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  immunization

title: immunizzazione


text:
ambivalente

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) ambivalent

Adjective

 * 1) ambivalent experiencing or expressing opposing feelings

Adjective

 * 1) ambivalent

title: ambivalente


text:
multiparent

Adjective

 * 1) Having multiple parents.
 * 2)  Characteristic of multiple parent compounds.

title: multiparent


text:
ambivalenza

Noun

 * 1) ambivalence

title: ambivalenza


text:
filastrocca

Etymology
Perhaps from, or from.

Noun

 * 1) nursery rhyme
 * 2) rigmarole
 * 1) rigmarole

title: filastrocca


text:
biometrico

Etymology
From. .

Adjective

 * 1) biometric

title: biometrico


text:
oxanthrene

Noun

 * 1)  The tricyclic heterocycle consisting of two benzene rings fused to that of a dioxin ring

title: oxanthrene


text:
biometria

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) biometrics
 * 2) biometry

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) biometrics

Etymology
From. .

Noun

 * 1)  biometry, biostatistics
 * 2) biometrics

Noun

 * 1) biometrics measurement of biological data

title: biometria


text:
conclusory

Etymology
From stem of.

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to a conclusion; conclusive.
 * 2)  Offering a conclusion with seriously deficient support in fact or logic; begging the question.
 * These claims are conclusory and unsupported by any specific allegations, let alone evidence.

title: conclusory


text:
thianthrene

Noun

 * 1)  The tricyclic heterocycle consisting of two benzene rings fused to that of a dithiin ring

title: thianthrene


text:
dithiin

Noun

 * 1)  The unsaturated six-membered heterocycle containing four carbon atoms, two sulfur atoms and two double bonds

title: dithiin


text:
ambiguità

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1) ambiguity

title: ambiguità


text: bussano

title: bussano


text: bussavo

title: bussavo


text: bussavi

title: bussavi


text: bussava

title: bussava


text: bussavamo

title: bussavamo


text: bussavate

title: bussavate


text: bussavano

title: bussavano


text: bussai

title: bussai


text: bussasti

title: bussasti


text: bussò

title: bussò


text: bussammo

title: bussammo


text: bussaste

title: bussaste


text: bussarono

title: bussarono


text: busserò

title: busserò


text: busserai

title: busserai


text: busserà

title: busserà


text: busseremo

title: busseremo


text: busserete

title: busserete


text: busseranno

title: busseranno


text: busserei

title: busserei


text:
phosphole

Noun

 * 1)  The unsaturated five-membered heterocycle having four carbon atoms, one phosphorus atom and two double bonds; an analogue of pyrrole

title: phosphole


text:
oxaphosphole

Noun

 * 1)  The unsaturated five-membered heterocycle having three carbon atoms, one oxygen atom, one phosphorus atom and two double bonds.

title: oxaphosphole


text:
oxathiazole

Noun

 * 1)  The unsaturated five-membered heterocycle having two carbon atoms, one oxygen atom, one sulfur atom, one nitrogen atom and one double bond

title: oxathiazole


text:
User talk:Hemmingsen

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * Wiktionary Tutorial
 * How to edit a page
 * How to start a page
 * Our format guidelines (nicknamed "ELE")
 * Criteria for inclusion (nicknamed "CFI")
 * Wiktionary Sandbox (a safe place for testing syntax)
 * What Wiktionary is not
 * FAQ

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk (discussion) and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~, which automatically produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to one of the discussion rooms or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Ivan Štambuk 16:36, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Hey, thanks for your work on the Danish T-bot entries. I just wanted to make sure you were aware of  and .  You certainly don't have to use them, but they may make your life easier.  If you already knew about them, feel free to ignore everything I've said (except for the thanks, you have to keep that).  -Atelaes λάλει ἐμοί 18:35, 29 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your note. I am aware of those two templates, and use them when I can. They don't quite work for special cases like nouns without plural forms or verbs with no imperative, but are otherwise quite handy. Hemmingsen 18:49, 29 April 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hemmingsen


text:
oxathiine

Noun

 * 1)  The unsaturated six-membered heterocycle having four carbon atoms, one oxygen atom, one sulfur atom and two double bonds

title: oxathiine


text:
条約

Noun

 * 1) treaty

title: 条約


text:
oxirene

Noun

 * 1)  The unsaturated three-membered heterocycle having two carbon atoms, one oxygen atom and one double bond

title: oxirene


text:
oxonine

Noun

 * 1)  The unsaturated nine-membered heterocycle having eight carbon atoms, one oxygen atom and four double bonds

title: oxonine


text:
商務省

Noun

 * 1) Department of Commerce

title: 商務省


text:
pentalene

Noun

 * 1)  The antiaromatic bicyclic hydrocarbon consisting of two fused cyclopentadiene rings

Derived terms

 * heteropentalene

title: pentalene


text:
User talk:Aryl85

Welcome!
Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * How to edit a page is a concise list of technical guidelines to the wiki format we use here: how to, for example, make text boldfaced or make a hyperlink. The Wiktionary tutorial is a more wordy, multi-page document that helps you through those same formatting issues, and also touches on a couple of other issues relevant to editing.
 * The document What Wiktionary is not may be of interest. In particular, if you've edited Wikipedia in the past, you should note that Wiktionary is not an encyclopedia and does not have Wikipedia-style page titles.
 * How to start a new page is a technical guide to, well, how to start a new page. But you'll also want to look at our guidelines for how to format an entry (what goes where) and our criteria for inclusion (what can be included).
 * The Sandbox is a safe place for testing markup.
 * The FAQ has, of course, some frequently (and some infrequently) asked questions, and their answers.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! By the way, you can sign your comments on talk (discussion) pages using four tildes, like this: ~, which automatically produces your name (or IP number if you're not signed in) and the current date and time. If you have any questions, then see the help pages, add a question to one of the discussion rooms or ask me on my talk page.—msh210 ℠ 17:09, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Aryl85


text:
training wheel

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  A wheel forming part of the machinery of a cannon or a similar firearm which is turned to train or aim the weapon at a target.
 * 2)  One of a pair of small wheels, each attached to one side of a bicycle's rear wheel to provide support for new riders.
 * 1)  One of a pair of small wheels, each attached to one side of a bicycle's rear wheel to provide support for new riders.

Translations

 * Finnish: tähtäyskoneiston pyörä
 * Spanish:

 * Arabic:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 輔助輪
 * Danish:
 * Finnish:
 * French: petite roue, ,
 * German:
 * Hebrew: גלגלי עזר
 * Hungarian: kitámasztó pótkerék, támasztókerék, segédkerék
 * Japanese:
 * Macedonian: по́мошни тр́кала
 * Norwegian: støttehjul
 * Polish: boczne kółko
 * Portuguese: rodinha
 * Russian: трениро́вочное колесо́
 * Spanish: llanta de entrenamiento, ruedine ,
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: eğitim tekerlekleri

title: training wheel


text:
変えられる

Verb

 * : to be changeable
 * : to be changed

title: 変えられる


text:
asukastiheys

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1) population density

title: asukastiheys


text: geenit

title: geenit


text: πόδια

title: πόδια


text: ποδιού

title: ποδιού


text: ποδιών

title: ποδιών


text: revoyant

title: revoyant


text: revu

title: revu


text: revois

title: revois


text: revoit

title: revoit


text: revoyons

title: revoyons


text: revoyez

title: revoyez


text: revoient

title: revoient


text: revoyais

title: revoyais


text: revoyait

title: revoyait


text: revoyions

title: revoyions


text: revoyiez

title: revoyiez


text: revoyaient

title: revoyaient


text: revis

title: revis


text: revîmes

title: revîmes


text: revîtes

title: revîtes


text: revirent

title: revirent


text: reverrai

title: reverrai


text: reverras

title: reverras


text: reverra

title: reverra


text: reverrons

title: reverrons


text: reverrez

title: reverrez


text: reverront

title: reverront


text: reverrais

title: reverrais


text: reverrait

title: reverrait


text: reverrions

title: reverrions


text: reverriez

title: reverriez


text: reverraient

title: reverraient


text: revoie

title: revoie


text: revoies

title: revoies


text: revisse

title: revisse


text: revisses

title: revisses


text: revît

title: revît


text: revissions

title: revissions


text: revissiez

title: revissiez


text: revissent

title: revissent


text: revus

title: revus


text: μάτια

title: μάτια


text: ματιού

title: ματιού


text: ματιών

title: ματιών


text: korvakorut

title: korvakorut


text: χεριού

title: χεριού


text: χεριών

title: χεριών


text: trivs

title: trivs


text:
契約

Noun

 * 1) contract; deed; agreement

Noun

 * 1) contract, agreement

Verb

 * 1) to enter into a contract

title: 契約


text: valant

title: valant


text: vaux

title: vaux


text: valons

title: valons


text: valez

title: valez


text: valions

title: valions


text: valiez

title: valiez


text: valaient

title: valaient


text: valus

title: valus


text: valûmes

title: valûmes


text: valûtes

title: valûtes


text: valurent

title: valurent


text: vaudrai

title: vaudrai


text: vaudras

title: vaudras


text: vaudra

title: vaudra


text: vaudrons

title: vaudrons


text: vaudrez

title: vaudrez


text: vaudront

title: vaudront


text: vaudrais

title: vaudrais


text: vaudrait

title: vaudrait


text: vaudrions

title: vaudrions


text: vaudriez

title: vaudriez


text: vaudraient

title: vaudraient


text: vailles

title: vailles


text: vaillent

title: vaillent


text: valusse

title: valusse


text: valusses

title: valusses


text: valût

title: valût


text: valussions

title: valussions


text: valussiez

title: valussiez


text: valussent

title: valussent


text:
toimitusvarmuus

Noun

 * 1) reliability of delivery

title: toimitusvarmuus


text: κιθάρας

title: κιθάρας


text: κιθαρών

title: κιθαρών


text:
buvant

Adjective

 * 1) drinking

title: buvant


text:
boit

Etymology
Past participle of.

Adjective

 * 1) painted

title: boit


text: buvons

title: buvons


text: buvez

title: buvez


text: boivent

title: boivent


text: buvais

title: buvais


text: buvions

title: buvions


text: buviez

title: buviez


text: buvaient

title: buvaient


text: bûmes

title: bûmes


text: bûtes

title: bûtes


text: burent

title: burent


text: boirai

title: boirai


text: boiras

title: boiras


text: boirons

title: boirons


text: boirez

title: boirez


text: boiront

title: boiront


text: boirais

title: boirais


text: boirait

title: boirait


text: boirions

title: boirions


text: boiriez

title: boiriez


text: boiraient

title: boiraient


text: boives

title: boives


text: bût

title: bût


text: bussions

title: bussions


text: bussiez

title: bussiez


text: bussent

title: bussent


text: bues

title: bues


text: rebuvant

title: rebuvant


text:
rebu

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) yolk
 * 2)  fox

Noun

 * 1)  uproar, turmoil, riot disturbance of the public order

Noun

 * 1) lake

title: rebu


text: rebois

title: rebois


text: reboit

title: reboit


text: rebuvons

title: rebuvons


text: rebuvez

title: rebuvez


text: reboivent

title: reboivent


text: rebuvais

title: rebuvais


text: rebuvait

title: rebuvait


text: rebuvions

title: rebuvions


text: rebuviez

title: rebuviez


text: rebuvaient

title: rebuvaient


text: reburent

title: reburent


text: reboirai

title: reboirai


text: reboiras

title: reboiras


text:
reboira

Noun

 * 1) path, way back

title: reboira


text: reboirons

title: reboirons


text: reboirez

title: reboirez


text: reboiront

title: reboiront


text: reboirais

title: reboirais


text: reboirait

title: reboirait


text: reboirions

title: reboirions


text: reboiriez

title: reboiriez


text: reboiraient

title: reboiraient


text: reboive

title: reboive


text:
reboire

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to re-drink; to drink again

title: reboire


text: reboives

title: reboives


text: rebusse

title: rebusse


text: rebusses

title: rebusses


text: rebussions

title: rebussions


text: rebussiez

title: rebussiez


text: rebussent

title: rebussent


text: rebue

title: rebue


text: rebues

title: rebues


text:
suffisant

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) sufficient; enough
 * 2) smug, vain, self-righteous
 * 1) smug, vain, self-righteous
 * 1) smug, vain, self-righteous

title: suffisant


text: suffi

title: suffi


text: γλώσσες

title: γλώσσες


text: γλώσσας

title: γλώσσας


text:
meikkivoide

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1)  foundation, foundation cream

title: meikkivoide


text: γλωσσών

title: γλωσσών


text: suffis

title: suffis


text: suffisons

title: suffisons


text: suffisez

title: suffisez


text: suffisent

title: suffisent


text: suffisais

title: suffisais


text: suffisions

title: suffisions


text:
turistikohde

Noun

 * 1) tourist attraction

title: turistikohde


text: suffisiez

title: suffisiez


text: suffisaient

title: suffisaient


text: suffîmes

title: suffîmes


text: suffîtes

title: suffîtes


text: suffirent

title: suffirent


text: suffirai

title: suffirai


text: suffiras

title: suffiras


text: suffira

title: suffira


text: suffirons

title: suffirons


text: suffirez

title: suffirez


text: suffiront

title: suffiront


text: suffirais

title: suffirais


text:
armlægning

Noun

 * 1) arm wrestling

title: armlægning


text: suffirait

title: suffirait


text: suffirions

title: suffirions


text:
unirytmi

Noun

 * 1) sleep schedule, sleep pattern

title: unirytmi


text: suffiriez

title: suffiriez


text: suffiraient

title: suffiraient


text: suffise

title: suffise


text: suffises

title: suffises


text: suffît

title: suffît


text: suffie

title: suffie


text: suffies

title: suffies


text: suffisses

title: suffisses


text: suffissions

title: suffissions


text: suffissiez

title: suffissiez


text: suffissent

title: suffissent


text:
joukkuevoimistelu

Noun

 * 1) aesthetic group gymnastics

title: joukkuevoimistelu


text: rebûmes

title: rebûmes


text:
palvelutalo

Noun

 * 1) sheltered home, sheltered accommodation, assisted living building

title: palvelutalo


text: rebûtes

title: rebûtes


text:
alppihiihto

Noun

 * 1)  alpine skiing, downhill skiing

title: alppihiihto


text: saapuu

title: saapuu


text: Category:fi:Bowling

title: Category:fi:Bowling


text:
keilapallo

Noun

 * 1) A bowling ball

title: keilapallo


text:
eläinrääkkäys

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1) cruelty to animals

title: eläinrääkkäys


text:
valvontakamera

Noun

 * 1) surveillance camera

title: valvontakamera


text: ymmärsin

title: ymmärsin


text:
imusarja

Noun

 * 1) intake manifold, inlet manifold

title: imusarja


text:
autopurkamo

Noun

 * 1) wreck yard, wrecking yard, wrecker's yard, salvage yard, junkyard, breaker's yard, scrapheap, scrapyard location of a dismantling business where wrecked or decommissioned vehicles are brought for recycling

title: autopurkamo


text: portafazzolettoni

title: portafazzolettoni


text: colichine

title: colichine


text: riparelle

title: riparelle


text: letti matrimoniali

title: letti matrimoniali


text: codici di avviamento postale

title: codici di avviamento postale


text: codici postali

title: codici postali


text: camere matrimoniali

title: camere matrimoniali


text: ricercatrici

title: ricercatrici


text: ameni

title: ameni


text:
amene

Alternative forms

 * amoene
 * amœne

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Pleasant; agreeable.

Etymology
, from.

Interjection

 * 1) amen

Noun

 * 1) amen

Verb

 * 1)  to conclude a prayer (with an amen)

title: amene


text: indebitamenti

title: indebitamenti


text: marantica

title: marantica


text: marantici

title: marantici


text: stili di vita

title: stili di vita


text: marantiche

title: marantiche


text: eroaa

title: eroaa


text: bistecchiere

title: bistecchiere


text: ambivalenti

title: ambivalenti


text: vini della casa

title: vini della casa


text: biometrica

title: biometrica


text: biometrici

title: biometrici


text: dislivelli

title: dislivelli


text: biometriche

title: biometriche


text: effetti collaterali

title: effetti collaterali


text: maramaglie

title: maramaglie


text: marangoni

title: marangoni


text: maraschi

title: maraschi


text:
marasmi

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1)  marasmus

title: marasmi


text: maratonine

title: maratonine


text: immunizzazioni

title: immunizzazioni


text: ambivalenze

title: ambivalenze


text: filastrocche

title: filastrocche


text:
biometrie

Noun

 * 1) biometrics measurement of biological data
 * 2) biometrics measurement for personal identification
 * 1) biometrics measurement for personal identification

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1) biometry

title: biometrie


text: vaarallista

title: vaarallista


text: turvallista

title: turvallista


text:
Ѣ

Letter
(italics: Ѣ, ѣ)

 * 1) The thirty-second letter of the Early Cyrillic alphabet. Its name is yat (Old Church Slavonic ѣть, Russian ять, Bulgarian ят, Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian јат) and it represented the  long vowel, sometimes transliterated as ě. It is preceded by ь|Ь and followed by ю|Ю.

Letter

 * 1)  Letter yat (in Russian: ).

title: Ѣ


text:
Citations:xerox

Lifting whole passages from someone else's speeches is not change you can believe in, it's change you can Xerox. -Hillary Rodham Clinton

title: Citations:xerox


text:
Wiktionary talk:Persian transliteration

"ā" or "â"?
ằ Is this official, i.e. should I be changing all the "ā"s to "â"s ? --Ivan Štambuk 19:07, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I don't think so. I raised the issue of transliteration when I started using this site, but the discussion was kind of abandoned. However Persian entries still only number around two and a half thousand, so it's not a disaster that it's not yet standardised. I think it's right to say that Dijan uses ā/š/kh/ž/č and I think Stephen G. Brown uses ā/š/x/ž/č. I use â/sh/kh/zh/ch. My own opinion is that sh/kh/zh/ch is the most user-friendly and more common, and that š/kh/ž/č (or š/x/ž/č) is a more academic style. As you know, both systems have advantages and disadvantages. There does need to be a decision between the two. Pistachio 19:24, 2 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Regarding ā and â, I believe that â is actually marginally more common overall. Pistachio 19:32, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Yesterday I saw a Persian entry that simultaneously used both 'â' and 'ā' in transliteration, and that is kind of..very wrong, for obvious reasons. Macron is almost universally used in most of the languages of the world for transliterating/transcribing long vowels, circumflex is kind of Persian-only thing.
 * As for the 'sh' vs 'š' and similar - I'd personally prefer the latter, and generally the single letter vs. a corresponding digraphs which should somehow "approximate" phonetic value of the transliterated character in English-familiar terms. There's a ===Pronunciation=== section to accommodate for those unfamiliar with Persian phonology; we shouldn't be bastardizing transliteration scheme instead.
 * I suggest someone knowledgeable put this to vote at some time. Also would be great if someone could expand this with examples for stress notation and hyphen-separation for prefixes and enclitics in transliterations. --Ivan Štambuk 16:44, 3 April 2008 (UTC)serves the learner

 * It is counter-productive to use 'š', a letter which is not familiar to native English speakers. Pistachio 19:25, 3 April 2008 (UTC)
 * And I might add that it's a bit bloody rude to come in here and accuse me of 'bastardising', no less, the transliteration scheme after all the hundreds of hours of my own time I have spent trying to add entries in Persian. Pistachio 19:36, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I'm sorry if it felt rude to you, but I didn't accuse of anything, nor tried to invalidate your contributions here. Two important points must be made clear:
 * Macron is generally really much more prevalent for indicating vowel length.
 * There are numerous transliterations schemes for other languages here on Wiktionary using obscure characters such as 'ṅ', 'ś' or 'ě' which average English user (for a definition of "average user", browse WT:FEED) will probably never encounter in his life. Confining oneself to the world of 7-bit ASCII or Latin-1 in a Unicode-aware Wiktionary might be exaggarating.
 * Here is a PDF comparing various transliteration schemes. I suggest this put to vote ASAP, because it looks silly that the three persons contributing to Persian entries have been for 2+ years using each his own's mutually incompatible scheme. --Ivan Štambuk 11:19, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

Revival of discussion
The discussion regarding transliteration schemes and the usage thereof needs to be revived, transliteration being an important part of a dictionary containing entries in an alien script. There are some points I would like to bring forth, each of them representing my personal views: Much more can be said on this subject; these are some starting points. ✎ HannesP · talk 21:51, 5 January 2012 (UTC)
 * A 1:1 relation between Persian and Latin letters is preferable, for a number of reasons:
 * Gemination is more clearly represented, i.e. čč instead of chch.
 * Ambiguity problems are resolved, i.e. ž can only mean ژ, as opposed to zh which could mean زه or ژ.
 * It is more consistent and easy to read.
 * Capitalisation of proper names, initial words etc. in transliterated text should always be avoided. Capitalisation is a concept absent in Persian and therefore it should be left out.
 * Homophonic letters should be transliterated differently, i.e. ظ ز ض ذ should all have their own Latin counterparts, which is not the case in many of the transliteration schemes employed on Wiktionary. Transliteration schemes should be as bijective as possible.

 * The above suggestions incorporates a mix of transliteration standards, especially diacritics employed by non-English systems such as French and German. I vote that we adopt one that confirms to an English standard, such as ALA-LC or IJMES. I am very puzzled over why غ must be rendered as ğ. This is confusing as it is also a modern Turkish yumuşak ğ. The use of the caron is also primarily employed in non-English systems like the DGH, ALA-LC and IJMES do not use it, ever. What does this clarify much for an English speaker? IMHO, not much.Jemiljan (talk) 16:27, 30 September 2016 (UTC)

 * I think this issue has pretty much been handled. Except for capitalization, which I use strictly as an aid in reading transliterated text. —  [Ric Laurent] — 16:27, 6 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Further revival, regarding capitalisation, not just Persian: Beer_parlour/2014/January. --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 23:32, 2 February 2014 (UTC)

New Persian Romanization System

 * Transcription procedure for Iranian toponymic items
 * REPORT ON THE CURRENT STATUS OF UNITED NATIONS ROMANIZATION SYSTEMS FOR GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES 4nn1l2 (talk) 12:37, 30 May 2016 (UTC)

Inconsistencies
The purpose of any Romanisation/ transliteration system is to correctly identify and distinguish different letters. These systems were first developed by scholars and library cataloguers in an effort to systematise how non-Latin letters rendered in Latin script. Furthermore, transliteration systems are not, strictly speaking, phonetic systems. The purpose is to convert written letters, and not necessarily an attempt to specify their exact sounds (which can change with a dialect anyway).

Under the current standard, I observe four different Persian letters, ز, ذ, ض and ظ are all transliterated as simply "z" without diacritics to distinguish them. Also س، ص, and ث are rendered as simply "s". These are phonetic standards that do not in any way distinguish between the original letters. Hence, this Wiktionary "standard" fails to meet the most basic and essential criteria of a transliteration system, which is to distinguish between letters written in a non-Latin script.

For this reason, I vote that additional diacriticals be added that follow an accepted language standard.

Compare with the system developed for Arabic Transliteration. While my own preference is against the use of the caron/hacek for it follows primarily non-English European transliteration standards, I do see that some have argued against the use of digraphs like kh, zh, gh for specific letters. Yet for Arabic, ǧ is used for ج when j is perfectly acceptable, and here we have ğ for غ.

So, beome suggestions to clarify and improve the current standard:

س = s

ث = ṯ

ص = ṣ

ز = z

ذ = ẕ

ظ = ż

ض = ẓ Jemiljan (talk) 18:21, 30 September 2016 (UTC)

 * 1.) The purpose of transliteration/transcription may be to represent spelling or to represent pronunciation. Both are equally justified. Your claim that the former alone is "the most basic and essential criterium" is uncandid. The question is what is useful in a given context. When I use Persian words in a scientific text – for example: "The principle of vilāyat-i faqīh remains a matter of dispute." – then I do need exact reflection of spelling. But here on wiktionary we don't do that. Instead we always give the original spelling and only add the transcription for the sake of pronunciation. Your dialectal argument is not valid, because none of the letters in question are distinguished in any dialect of Persian. (You might be able to make a case concerning vowels, however.)
 * 2.) We do use "j" for Arabic ج. I don't think this is a recent change either, but maybe it was. In fact, I prefer using ǧ, because the letter is pronounced or  in some accents, and is etymologically g as well.
 * 3.) In your proposed transcription you may want to use underlined s instead of underlined t for ث for the sake of consistency. And switch the representations of ض and ظ. That would leave you with the official DMG transcription for Persian. Again, however, I don't think we need it here. Kolmiel (talk) 23:42, 13 February 2017 (UTC)

ou->ow

 * Hi. User:Kaixinguo~enwiktionary insists on using "ow" for the diphthong [ou] instead of "ou". Do you agree with this? (Please ping any active Persian editor if I missed). --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 10:31, 4 January 2018 (UTC)
 * I agree, because Persian-speakers normally use ''ou" for long /u/, it's ambiguous. --Z 13:22, 4 January 2018 (UTC)
 * : Thanks. I have updated the policy as the preferred one and added some other symbols used occasionally in . Please follow the transliteration policy you have endorsed! :) --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 22:06, 4 January 2018 (UTC)
 * For the record, I didn't 'insist' on this at all, I made one edit to a word where he had put an erroneous transliteration and I used 'ow' because it was my belief that that was the recent consensus. User:Atitarev's decision to edit the policy is premature. And there is no need to tell User:ZxxZxxZ to follow the policy, when he has always followed every policy anyway. It comes across in a bad way. In fact, it was User:Atitarev who decided unilaterally to change our standard of capitalising proper noun transliterations and then altered only a few of the entries, leaving half in one way and half the other. Kaixinguo~enwiktionary (talk) 11:42, 15 January 2018 (UTC)
 * : The erroneous transliteration you are talking about in wasn't my edit, I only corrected "kh" to "x". I don't know why you are trying to put me in a negative light. Converting to lower case wasn't my decision either. The "ow" rule could never be followed if it was never part of the policy. It was always "ou", I changed it since everyone seemed to agree it was better than "ou". --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 11:57, 15 January 2018 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry for the late reply. No, not all of us are in agreement. I disagree with the change from "ou" to "ow". Following Z's logic of ambiguity, should we also use "oo" instead of "u" and "eh" instead of every "e"? --Dijan (talk) 16:41, 17 January 2018 (UTC)
 * That's a different case, a one-letter transcription is better than a two-letter one. But there's no advantage in using "ou" instead of "ow". --Z 12:36, 22 January 2018 (UTC)

⟨نب⟩
– ping whom I have forgot: should we render ⟨نب⟩ in tr as ⟨nb⟩ or ⟨mb⟩? Current usage is mixed. I think the latter is to be opted for; it had the sound values [mb] the whole history and already in Middle Persian, and Middle Persian reconstructions should also write it, it appears that they wrote m in the Pahlavi script and differing practice was taken over from the Arabs. Example Neo-Persian pages:, , , , , , , , ,. Even though I have exactly the opposite standing for Arabic, that ⟨نب⟩, though pronounced [mb] – it appears in borrowed words like, , and not so in native root formations –, should be rendered ⟨nb⟩ consistently, and transcription is automatic anyway. Fay Freak (talk) 15:57, 1 September 2020 (UTC)

Persian automated transliteration discussion
There is a new discussion on automating Persian transliteration by providing diacritics in the headword - Beer_parlour/2021/December. --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 23:41, 15 December 2021 (UTC)

Short "i" in front of a ye

 * Hi, is anyone still active with Persian? Sorry for many pings.

I'd like to revive some interest in automated transliterations and I have a question regarding the use of the short "i" before a ye + another vowel in modern Iranian Persian, such as (alternative reading of "xayâl") where we normally use "e". Are there more cases where a short "i" (not "e") would be required? Would vocalise still it as (alternative of )? Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 00:54, 13 September 2022 (UTC)

Bot request for Persian transliterations
Hello. I have requested @Benwing2 to standardise transliterations based on the current consensus in this discussion, initially as a simple clean-up but it may possibly impact a bit more:

Grease_pit/2023/March

Pls contribute there if you disagree or wish to add. Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 00:32, 8 March 2023 (UTC)

 * It's also a good time to fix and address any bad transliterations found. Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 00:33, 8 March 2023 (UTC)

ezâfe after ی is unmarked
Hi. Apparently, there are cases when ezâfe is totally unmarked but can be guessed and affects prununciation. .

Would you vocalise it as بازیِ شَطْرَنْج? We will need a note in this policy doc.

Also, there are some unanswered questions in Module talk:fa-IPA. Please also check Module:fa-translit/testcases. You can comment in the talk page. Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 02:27, 21 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes, I would vocalize it that way. This is consistent e.g. with this site (at my old university): I'm also thinking if the word ends in written heh but with ezafe pronounced -ye, we should add the hamza diacritic over it (plus kasra) when vocalizing. The hamza diacritic can be set to be automatically removed when creating links, or left in (maybe similar to the Russian ё, which we include in entries), whatever is the preference. Benwing2 (talk) 02:37, 21 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks. After you have removed the link from the hamza diacritic over heh, this entry is set the way it should: . The article doesn't have هٔ but the head} uses . where کرهٔ links to کره. No alt is required if هٔ (or diacritics) is the only difference from the page name. Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 02:47, 21 March 2023 (UTC)
 * If I understand the situation correctly, there is no need for a kasra after a hamza diacritic added to a final unvocalized heh. I mean, it is not even needed for technical purposes, since tools can easily see that the hamza represents an ezafeh. Z 20:56, 21 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks, Z. Using the test translit module, I used and it successfully transliterates as "kore-ye šomâli". No kasra after a hamza diacritic. Also per Persian transliteration (towards the bottom of the page). Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 22:57, 21 March 2023 (UTC)

ـه‌ای as e-yi
I've just added this line:

It's also in Module:fa-translit/testcases
 * - e-yi (previously we used "e-i" but I think it makes much more sense as "e-yi")

Please let me know if you disagree.

@Benwing2. Are you able to take a look at some cases there?

I will also add this case, mentioned earlier:. Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 01:21, 22 March 2023 (UTC)

 * I propose:
 * Some do pronounce it as e-yi, but I think e-i is more formal and more common for ـه‌ای
 * i-ye is better for cases like بازیِ شَطْرَنْج (bâzi-ye šatranj, “a game of chess”).
 * also cases like آمْریکایی/آمْریکائی (âmrêkâ-i, âmrêkâ-yi, "american") which have long vowels at the end have to be considered.
 * ezâfe for words which have a hamza at the end after a long vowel like یاء (yâ') will remove the hamza یایِ (yâ-ye)
 * unless in cases like مَبْدَأْ (mabda') where ezâfe will be مَبْدَأِ (mabda'e) and indefenite and adjective will be مَبْدَئی (mabda'i)
 * Light hearted sam (talk) 16:02, 9 May 2023 (UTC)

Re use of hyphens
You asked me about hyphens (when NOT to use them). Sometimes templates or editors add hyphens when it's not really necessary, for etymological or readability reasons, e.g. plural @. Both "diktâtorhâ" and "diktâtor-hâ" are fine by me, so I don't have a strong opinion. Just an FYI. Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 04:42, 22 March 2023 (UTC)

 * Hi. I sort of tried to formalise the use of hyphens at the bottom of the bottom of the page and described some other corner cases I could think of. Please let me know if you think of something else and if you have questions. Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 06:08, 31 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks, makes sense although I'm a bit confused about your statement about "no space or ZWNJ rendered as nothing", shouldn't it say "ZWNJ" rendered as hyphen? Also I should be able to get to Module:fa-IPA in a day or so. Benwing2 (talk) 06:22, 31 March 2023 (UTC)
 * I meant "if there is no "ZWNJ" then no hyphen is used (for etymological reasons - compounds, suffixes), except for cases described. I will review, thanks. This part might be challenged and the current practice is inconsistent. Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 06:27, 31 March 2023 (UTC)

Arabic loanwords with definite article ال
Hello. I am going to add a clause (soon) about cases like. Does everyone want the page to show:

 * 1) Assimilation of the Arabic sun letters, here "ol" -> "ot".
 * 2) Separate with a hyphen? "fâreğ-ot-tahsil" or "fâreğ-ottahsil"?

There were other changes on the page. Pls comment if you wish to change/add or discuss. Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 01:44, 3 April 2023 (UTC)
 * IMO 'fâreğ-ot-tahsil' with hyphen and assimilation looks good, although of course it depends on the pronunciation; if pronounced with /l/, it should have 'l' instead of 't'. Benwing2 (talk) 02:03, 3 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks. It's pronounced with a geminated /tt/, imitating Arabic. I've come across similar borrowings before. There are two recordings on Forvo with /tt/. Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 02:07, 3 April 2023 (UTC)
 * @Atitarev, @Benwing2
 * I agree with Benwing2.—Saranamd (talk) 08:44, 3 April 2023 (UTC)
 * @Saranamd @Benwing2 @Atitarev And so do I. Rodrigo5260 (talk) 11:48, 3 April 2023 (UTC)
 * @Atitarev, @Benwing2 I agree with others, too. If a hyphen is going to be removed, it is the first one, because these phrases have been borrowed with the definite article al- frozen with the previous word. This is obvious in the case of, where کار kâr is a Persian word and the phrase is formed in Persian (see this newspaper). In fact I believe we should have entries such as . --Z 14:50, 3 April 2023 (UTC)

Marking long vowels
There is an issue with the current transliteration policy I would like to address, namely that there is no standard way to transliterate Classical Persian and Dari. This is a problem for multiple reasons but not to mention that Classical Persian was one of the most influential languages in West, Central, and South Asian history! Yet there is no standard transliteration for it?

The biggest issue is the fact i is a long vowel in Modern Iranian Persian but a short vowel in Classical Persian (classical اِ and اِی differ solely by length, not quality). However since i is always a long vowel in Iranian Persian, why don't we just mark it as such? Then it won't conflict with other transliterations, and the transliteration systems used will be in sync with each other. I'll think this is the best system:

long vowels: â ē ī ō ū

 * (long ē and ō, though uncommon, do appear in Iranian Persian)

and the short vowels: a e i o u

 * (short e and o can appear in Dari and CLS. As, with few exceptions, Ma'rūf vowels shift to Majhūl vowels near glottal consonants).
 * (the use of a macron '¯' for all except â is intentional, as in classical persian all other vowels were distinguished solely by length. And the vowels i and u are always long in IR)
 * I think Dari and Classical should use the same transliteration; Then there would be only 2 spellings in the header max, instead of 3.

New System, Examples:
شیر • sīr (all varieties have been collapsed into ONE wholly accurate transliteration!)

شیر • sīr or sēr (two, non conflicting transliterations)

دل • del or dil

جیلبی • jalēbī (not a word in Iranian Persian, so no alternative transliteration.)

گلاب • golâb or gulâb (imo, this is understandably a difference in quality. as both vowels are transliterated as short vowels).

If we used the two current transliteration systems we would end up with an unnecessary listing of multiple transliterations

Current System, Examples:
شیر • sir or sîr (this is dumb, we could write them in one transliteration! Especially since Iranian 'i' and the CLS/Dari 'î' used here do not differ in quality!)

شیر • sir or sêr (in CLS/Dari 'i' can be a short vowel)

دل • del or dil (in Iran 'i' can be a long vowel,)

جیلبی • jalêbî (not a word in Iranian Persian, but this gives the implication that 'î' is different in quality from Iranian 'i', when in reality î is only different from CLS/Dari 'i')

گلاب • golâb or gulâb (very ambiguous due to the varying lengths of 'u' and 'o')

This would also cause less inconsistencies in etymology sections, when fa-cls has to be specified in order for the transliteration to be accurate to Central and South Asian languages.

Additionally there would be little issue with converting 'i' and 'u' > 'ī' and 'ū' as pages where i or u are short are almost always marked with 'classical' 'Dari' 'India' 'Archaic' 'Kabul' 'Hazaragi', for pages with such markings I am willing to manually review them myself to fix them. (Seriously, I think this change would be worth the effort!)

There are two standard language variety's under the banner of "Persian" and with this adjustment, a single transliteration system can be loosely applied to both of them, as well as Classical Persian! I love Iranian Persian but as someone from a Dari speaking family, it sucks to see Persian Wikipedia and Persian Wiktionary outright exclude Dari. (Persian Wikipedia excludes the mere mention of how countries are spelt in Dari. I could always tell the spellings used on PW didn't match my families dialect. I had to check Dari news broadcasters such as Tolo News and DW Dari to find the standard Dari spellings of country names, and add them to Wiktionary!) Educational material in Dari is already so difficult to come by, why turn down opportunities to make educational material more accessible to Dari speakers? Or Afghan Diaspora?

Prioritizing Iranian Persian makes sense, but Iranian Persian can be prioritized without the exclusion of Dari and Classical Persian. Persian Wiktionary is currently the only online dictionary with Dari, Classical, and Iranian Persian and can easily serve all dialects with only a minor adjustment. So I would like to vote on changing the current transliteration Policy so that it can be loosely applied to all varieties. Or at least discuss the current transliteration policies. As the population of Dari Speakers with internet access increases, I hope Persian Wiktionary can become a project for them too. Sameerhameedy (talk) 01:25, 1 May 2023 (UTC)

 * @Sameerhameedy: Hi.
 * Most of what you suggest makes sense (theoretically). Only I am not sure about the inconsistencies with macrons over carrots, even if long and short â/a are different by quality as well.
 * I saw some of your previous edits where you attempted to label transliterations by the variety. It's not currently sustainable. I have reverted them, when going through a list of bad transliterations, which @Benwing2 has made. The current issues per your proposal:
 * No language currently supports mutilingual transliterations, nothing went beyond discussions. That is without splitting into different languages. tr2, tr3 should go along with head2, head3, etc. They are not labelled. So, simply using different transliterations without labels, formats or colours, will be confusing.
 * It is possible to do all the work in the pronunciation section (but one variety should be the default). Not just IPA but generated or manually input transliterations and vocalisations. I already pointed you to the Chinese pronunciation sections, now coming with lots of different transliterations. BTW, if Persian were consistently vocalised, it would be easier to derive the transliterations and IPA from the Perso-Arabic spellings. Currently, everything has to be done by a bot, including policy changes, which is a lot of work.
 * Lack of Dari or classical Persian is due mostly to the lack of online resources and editors or their own desire. I found some doanloadable dictionaries and these two https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/persian/ (Hayyim and Steingass combined) is sort what we need but it's not error-free and often uses Arabic letters instead of Persian (not the only one like this).
 * Another way is to make Classical Persian the default. Some people supported this idea but this may put off contributors and it may be confusing to use modern or colloquial words using that transliteration.
 * Consistently using "î" and "û" (or "ī" and "ū") instead of simple "i" and "u" for long vowels is more achievable than the rest.
 * What do you think of the split into Iranian Persian/Classical Persian and Dari? Do you think the idea will be supported by the community? Is it worth it, considering the amount of duplicated contents? Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 02:14, 1 May 2023 (UTC)
 * @Atitarev, Yes I stopped trying to label the transliteration in the header because someone (I don't remember?) made me aware that it caused certain issues. BTW is it really possible to use color to distinguish different varieties in the header? I think that could be a viable solution if that's actually possible.

 * But no, I would personally prefer to take the approach of Korean and (to a lesser extent) chinese wiktionary, than split Classical and Dari Persian from Iranian Persian. (Unless other contributors here believe that doing so is for the best.) Iranian and Dari Persian  mainly  diverged in vowels, so that means that words are usually still spelt the same in the Arabic script. (Excluding the names of newer technologies and countries which are usually unrelated) Unless vowels are written (as they are in Transliterations) the differences are not usually noticeable in writing. I think, considering that, it's just easier to have multiple transliterations on the Persian Wiktionary.

 * I'm fine with Iranian Persian being the default, I just would prefer that Dari and Classical weren't completely excluded. (On chinese wiktionary, other varieties can be used in examples and quotes, though they have a little language marker next to them. I think that could be helpful as well.) There isn't even a conjugation template for Dari, and all conjugation templates include Standard Iranian Persian and Tehrani. Since conjugation tables are collapsible there's no reason there can't be one for Iranian Persian and one for Dari/Classical. Especially since some pages include multiple tables for other regional dialects in Iran.

 * Though for automatic generations of transliterations and IPA transcriptions; Classical Persian should be the default, as it already is for the fa-IPA template, since classical can (usually) be accurately converted to its descendants.

 * Also, I assumed the lack of Dari was due to the lack of Internet access in Afghanistan. Though I noticed many south Asian languages on Wiktionary had already been using Classical Transliterations (but only when the Iranian pronunciation was extremely different from the classical pronunciation). And the fa-IPA template uses classical Persian, so there is already a widely used Classical transliteration; It just isn't included in the Persian translation policy.-Sameerhameedy (talk) 03:31, 1 May 2023 (UTC)
 * @Sameerhameedy, @Benwing2: When Persian is modularised, it is already possible to use this, even with the current Persian templates and a bit of work:
 * Option 1 - optional multiple parameters in the headword, similar to Serbo-Croatian, Hindi/Urdu pairs. Note that it was used for two varieties on these pairs even before they were modularised. It can get messy, if there many head, tr, pl, pltr (and their 2, 3, etc. versions)
 * • (golâb), Classical Persian: •  gulāb, Dari Persian:  • gulāb
 * Option2, headwords on multiple lines
 * • (golâb) (Iranian Persian)
 * • (gulāb) (Classical Persian)
 * • (gulāb) (Dari Persian)
 * (Just an idea, pls ignore any transliteration issues, I am not familiar with classical/Dari) Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 05:19, 1 May 2023 (UTC)
 * @Atitarev I think option 2 is easier to read. For option 2 would it be possible to collapse headers when they're the same? like:
 * گُلاب • (golâb) (Iranian Persian)
 * گُلاب • (gulāb) (Dari, Classical)
 * but when none can be collapsed together:
 * جاروب • (jârub) (Iranian Persian)
 * جاروب • (jārōb) (Classical Persian)
 * جارُوب • (jārūb) (Dari Persian)
 * If they always need to be separate, then that's fine. Just wondering if it's possible to keep the headers condensed wherever possible?
 * I think 2 is the best option but i'm a little worried about where plurals would go. سَمِیر حَمِیدِی (talk) 08:15, 1 May 2023 (UTC)
 * @Sameerhameedy: Each definition line is manual, separated by  . I am thinking that applicable varieties can be flagged by an additional parameter. If you, e.g. apply pes1 (Iranian Persian) on one line, and prs1, cls on the other, you get Iranian Persian on one line and Dari, Classical on the other (your first example). At least one will be made mandatory or default to Iranian Persian, if unspecified.
 * Basically you will need those parameters and corresponding transliteration parameters enabled prstr, prstr2 and clstr, etc. The parameter head should be made redundant as in Arabic, it should be unnamed but head2, head3 made optional. head is needed if you want to provide vocalisations. The headword can become quite complex but not as complex as Arabic. If it gets too crowded, the classical and Dari can be made on separate lines, even if they are identical.
 * I am not a module developer, just assessing what can be done and sharing ideas.
 * (Your signature is cool but it will make you unrecognisable to most users on Wiktionary) Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 08:38, 1 May 2023 (UTC)
 * I am not a module developer, just assessing what can be done and sharing ideas.
 * (Your signature is cool but it will make you unrecognisable to most users on Wiktionary) Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 08:38, 1 May 2023 (UTC)

Standardising transliterations - remaining points 2
Someone did this a while ago on Wiktionary talk:About Persian, I thought to also do this to clear up some remaining points about Persian transliteration. Please vote for your preferences. state the reason if you can.

1. 'nb' or 'mb' for نب ?
Example: دوشَنْبه as  'došanbe' or  'došambe'.

'nb' (došanbe)

 * --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 23:28, 15 May 2023 (UTC)

2. ـه‌ای as 'e-i' or 'e-yi'?
Example: خانه‌ای as  'xâne-i ' or  'xâne-yi'

'e-i' (xâne-i)

 * e-i is the more common and is the better translation. --Light hearted sam (talk) 15:51, 15 May 2023 (UTC)

'e-yi' (xâne-yi)

 * The current practice. Matches the pronunciation, the Tajik transliteration and pronunciation. --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 23:43, 15 May 2023 (UTC)

3. should different forms of the same sound (like س ث ص, ز ذ ظ ض, etc...) be represented differently in transliterations?
Examples: if yes, سوریه will be  'suriye' but ثُرَیّا will be  'ṯorayyâ'. for now, غ and ق are represented differently (ğ and q, respectively) while having the same sound in Iranian Persian.

no, shouldn't be different (suriye and sorayyâ)

 * It makes sense to use different symbols but it never happens in practical terms, also because most dictionaries don't make a distinction. It would be more practical even to discuss, if Persian consistently used vocalisation and the transliteration was (mostly) automated. --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 23:30, 15 May 2023 (UTC)

4. و (long vowel) as 'u' or 'ô'?
Example: روزْ as  'ruz' or  'rôz'

ô (rôz)

 * but ONLY for Classical and Dari.
 * This may work if multiple headwords are used, with clear labels, which transliterations belongs to which Persian variety. Multiple transliterations on the same headword can also work but can become crowded when there are many. (Referring to previous discussions we had).

5. ی (long vowel) as 'i' or 'ê'
Example: پَهْلَوی as  'pahlavi' or  'pahlavê'

ê (pahlavê)

 * but ONLY for Classical and Dari. سَمِیر | sameer (talk) 22:12, 15 May 2023 (UTC)
 * I think this should be combined with the discussion/vote on how to accommodate multiple transliterations. Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 23:44, 15 May 2023 (UTC)
 * @Atitarev yes, maybe we should vote on how to accommodate multiple transliterations. I wanted input from other editors on what they thought would be the best way but I didn't get a lot of responses. سَمِیر | sameer (talk) 23:52, 15 May 2023 (UTC)

I support hyphens in ZWNJ on joining letters and non-joining letters
Examples: کِتابْ‌ها as  'ketâb-hâ', کِتابْ ها as  'ketâb hâ' , کِتابْها as  'ketâbhâ', and اُتوها as  'otu-hâ'

I support hyphens only in ZWNJ on joining letters
Examples: کِتابْ‌ها as  'ketâb-hâ', کِتابْ ها as  'ketâb hâ' , کِتابْها as  'ketâbhâ', and اُتوها as  'otuhâ'
 * But will see what other editors want. --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 23:32, 15 May 2023 (UTC)

7. should ئ and ؤ (') link to ی and و ?
Examples: سُؤالْ (so'âl) link to سوال and هِیْئَت (hey'at) to هییت.

no, سوال should be a misspelling of سؤال

 * Should reflect standard spelling which includes hamza. Though I believe this was discussed before. سَمِیر | sameer (talk) 22:14, 15 May 2023 (UTC)
 * @Sameerhameedy: BTW, this hasn't been actioned accordingly. The links work correctly. should be moved to . The head could use "سُؤال" but "ؤ" is part of the page name. Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 00:15, 16 May 2023 (UTC)
 * This was discussed and the decision was made, not a new question. --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 23:34, 15 May 2023 (UTC)

should be like sar-anjâm

 * --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 23:33, 15 May 2023 (UTC)

If you think anything else should be also added let me know. Light hearted sam (talk) 15:46, 15 May 2023 (UTC)

 * . also if your interested. Light hearted sam (talk) 16:09, 15 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Same of these are hard to answer because they refer to different dialects though. روز would be 'ruz' in Iranian persian but 'rōz' in Classical, Dari, and Tajik. سَمِیر | sameer (talk) 22:05, 15 May 2023 (UTC)
 * @Light hearted sam There are some fundamental flaws with this poll. 1st, It does not take into account that و could be multiple vowels in all dialects. Yes, in Iranian Persian و and ی are usually the ma'rūf vowels (u and i), but the majhul vowels (ê and ô) still appear!! And in other dialects, the majhul vowels ê and ô (more accurately ē and ō for them) are actually extremely common. It's less common in Iranian Persian as it has largely shifted away from the majhul-maruf vowel system present in Classical and Dari, but majhul vowels still do appear in all dialects! Including Iranian Persian!
 * Saying that و must always be 'u' and that ی must always be 'i' would not only be problematic for Iranian Persian (granted in only a few words) but would also require Dari and Classical Persian to be entirely separated from Iranian Persian. Especially for Dari specific words or archaic words that don't exist in modern Iranian Persian and can't use that transliteration. سَمِیر | sameer (talk) 22:33, 15 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Oh your right.
 * So it should be like this:
 * i and u for ma'ruf ی and و
 * ē and ō for majhul ی and و Light hearted sam (talk) 09:41, 16 May 2023 (UTC)
 * There are currently issues/inconsistency's with our transliteration system due to the phonological differences between Iranian Persian and Other dialects (Classical & Dari). There are discussions of fixing these systems, but as of right now Iranian Persian is the only standard transliteration but there is a de facto transliteration system for Classical and Dari when the Iranian Transliteration can't be used.
 * Current Practice:
 * For Iranian Persian: i and u for ma'ruf ی and و
 * For Classical Persian and Dari: î and û for ma'ruf ی and و
 * For All Dialects: ê and ô for majhūl ی and و
 * System Under Discussion:
 * For Iranian Persian: i and u for ma'ruf ی and و; ê and ô for majhūl ی and و
 * For Classical Persian and Dari: ī and ū for ma'ruf ی and و; ē and ō for majhūl ی and و سَمِیر | sameer (talk) 00:17, 17 May 2023 (UTC)

Standardization of Classical + Dari Persian
(Notifying Ariamihr, Atitarev, Benwing2, Dijan, Mazsch, Rodrigo5260, ZxxZxxZ, Sameerhameedy, Saranamd)

Based on several conversations, Classical Persian and Dari Persian now have a (shared) standard transliteration. You may review it at Persian transliteration/Dari. Leave any concerns on the corresponding talk page.

The transliteration scheme utilized by Iranian Persian has not been changed.

سَمِیر | sameer (talk) 00:34, 5 June 2023 (UTC)

 * @Sameerhameedy: Hi. The pings didn't go through, since the ping and the signature needs to be in the same edit. Repeating the pings: Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 00:30, 7 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Wiktionary talk:Persian transliteration


text: fattar

title: fattar


text: muroja

title: muroja


text:
pidentyä

Verb

 * 1)  To lengthen.

title: pidentyä


text:
pidättyä

Verb

 * 1)  To refrain.

title: pidättyä


text:
pienetä

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  To grow smaller.

title: pienetä


text:
pienikokoinen

Adjective

 * 1) small-sized

title: pienikokoinen


text:
pienoisgolf

Noun

 * 1) miniature golf

title: pienoisgolf


text:
minigolf

Noun

 * 1)  Miniature golf.
 * 2)  A course for playing miniature golf.
 * 1)  A course for playing miniature golf.

Noun

 * 1) miniature golf

Etymology
.

Noun

 * , miniature golf

Etymology
or.

Noun

 * , miniature golf

Noun

 * , miniature golf

Noun

 * 1) miniature golf,

title: minigolf


text:
ratagolf

Noun

 * 1) miniature golf

title: ratagolf


text:
pienoisbussi

Noun

 * 1) minibus

title: pienoisbussi


text: pientare

title: pientare


text:
piennar

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  A strip of land at the margin of some land forms.
 * 2) shoulder shelf between two levels
 * 3) shoulder, roadside area on either side of a road
 * 4) butt piece of land left unplowed at the end of a field
 * 5) headland unplowed boundary of a field
 * 6) ditch bank strip of land at the top of the slope of a ditch
 * 7) berm narrow ledge or shelf along the top of a slope
 * 1) ditch bank strip of land at the top of the slope of a ditch
 * 2) berm narrow ledge or shelf along the top of a slope
 * 1) berm narrow ledge or shelf along the top of a slope
 * 1) berm narrow ledge or shelf along the top of a slope

title: piennar


text:
pienuus

Noun

 * 1) smallness

title: pienuus


text:
put the shits up someone

Verb

 * 1)  To scare someone, or give them a fright.

title: put the shits up someone


text:
User:Sam

I am not here much. Please leave me a message at w:User talk:Sam.

title: User:Sam


text:
pierrä

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) To fart.

title: pierrä


text:
pieraista

Verb

 * 1)  To fart (once).

title: pieraista


text: piereskellä

title: piereskellä


text:
piiloutua

Verb

 * 1)  To hide oneself.

title: piiloutua


text:
𒆷𒀀𒈠𒀭

Etymology
From, by dissimilation of *n…m to l…m.

Noun
/lāman/

 * 1) name

title: 𒆷𒀀𒈠𒀭


text:
piparminttu

Etymology

 * for the initial component, see,.

Noun

 * 1) peppermint

title: piparminttu


text:
vesiminttu

Noun

 * 1) watermint,

title: vesiminttu


text:
Mentha

Etymology
From, from , ultimately most likely a loan-word from an extinct Mediterranean language.

Hypernyms

 * ; - subfamily;  - tribe;  - subtribe

Hyponyms

 * (spearmint, ) - type species (vernacular name); (water mint, );  (corn mint, wild mint,, field mint);  ;  ;  (American corn mint), , , corn mint, , );  ;  ;  ; ;  ;  ; ; ; ;  ;  ;  ;  (pennyroyal);  (peppermint);  (Corsican mint);  (garden mint);  ;  (apple mint, pineapple mint);   - other species (vernacular name)

title: Mentha


text: Mentha spicata

title: Mentha spicata


text:
pimiö

Noun

 * 1) darkroom

title: pimiö


text: hundene

title: hundene


text:
interscapulothoracic

Adjective

 * 1) Between a shoulder blade and the chest.

title: interscapulothoracic


text:
huelga de hambre

Noun

 * 1) hunger strike

title: huelga de hambre


text:
cerebrovascular

Adjective

 * 1)  Relating to the blood vessels that run to or from the brain.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: aivoverenkierto-
 * French:
 * Irish: ceirbreashoithíoch
 * Italian: cerebrovascolare
 * Russian: цереброваскуля́рный
 * Swedish: cerebrovaskulär
 * Turkish: serebrovasküler

Etymology
From.

title: cerebrovascular


text:
𐌍𐌏𐌌𐌄

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) name

title: 𐌍𐌏𐌌𐌄


text: Category:Umbrian nouns

title: Category:Umbrian nouns


text: Category:Umbrian language

title: Category:Umbrian language


text: Category:Italic languages

title: Category:Italic languages


text: Category:Anatolian languages

title: Category:Anatolian languages


text:
ceruminous

Adjective

 * 1) Having to do with cerumen (earwax).

title: ceruminous


text:
فتنه

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) temptation, enticement, evil suggestion, the desire to engage in short-term urges
 * 2) trial, proof, test, assay, an occasion on which a person or thing is tested
 * 3) sedition, the organized incitement of rebellion against an authority or the state
 * 4) intrigue, a clandestine plot or scheme intended to effect some purpose
 * 5)  fitna, a social unrest or civil war that breeds schism among Muslims
 * 1) intrigue, a clandestine plot or scheme intended to effect some purpose
 * 2)  fitna, a social unrest or civil war that breeds schism among Muslims
 * 1)  fitna, a social unrest or civil war that breeds schism among Muslims

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) sedition, riot, disturbance, revolt
 * 2) conspiracy, plot, intrigue
 * 3) wickedness, iniquity
 * 4) seduction, temptation
 * 5) calamity
 * 6) nuisance, trouble
 * 1) nuisance, trouble

title: فتنه


text:
User talk:Overland~enwiktionary

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title: User talk:Overland~enwiktionary


text:
User talk:Loamanu08

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * Wiktionary Tutorial
 * How to edit a page
 * How to start a page
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 * FAQ

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk (discussion) and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~, which automatically produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to one of the discussion rooms or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! RJFJR 20:31, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Loamanu08


text:
ویژه

Adjective

 * 1) special
 * 2)  pure; net

title: ویژه


text:
اینترنت

Noun

 * 1)  the Internet

title: اینترنت


text:
bučiuoti

Etymology
From, see also 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬).

Verb

 * 1) to kiss

title: bučiuoti


text:
souriant

Adjective

 * 1) smiling tending to smile a lot

title: souriant


text:
išbučiuoti

Verb

 * 1) to cover with kisses

title: išbučiuoti


text:
souri

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) mouse

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) mouse

title: souri


text: sourions

title: sourions


text: souriez

title: souriez


text: sourient

title: sourient


text: souriais

title: souriais


text: souriait

title: souriait


text: souriions

title: souriions


text: souriiez

title: souriiez


text:
مطبوعات

Etymology
Noun, from the verb , from the root.

Noun

 * 1) printed material, prints

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) the press

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) the press

title: مطبوعات


text: souriaient

title: souriaient


text: sourîmes

title: sourîmes


text: sourîtes

title: sourîtes


text: sourirent

title: sourirent


text: sourirai

title: sourirai


text: souriras

title: souriras


text: sourira

title: sourira


text: sourirons

title: sourirons


text: sourirez

title: sourirez


text: souriront

title: souriront


text: sourirais

title: sourirais


text: sourirait

title: sourirait


text: souririons

title: souririons


text: souririez

title: souririez


text: souriraient

title: souriraient


text: sourie

title: sourie


text: souries

title: souries


text: sourît

title: sourît


text:
pabučiuoti

Verb

 * 1) to give a kiss
 *  Ar galiu tave pabučiuoti?
 * Can I give you a kiss?

title: pabučiuoti


text: sourisse

title: sourisse


text: sourisses

title: sourisses


text: sourissions

title: sourissions


text: sourissiez

title: sourissiez


text: sourissent

title: sourissent


text: rions

title: rions


text: riez

title: riez


text: rient

title: rient


text: riais

title: riais


text: riions

title: riions


text: riiez

title: riiez


text: riaient

title: riaient


text: rîmes

title: rîmes


text: rîtes

title: rîtes


text: rirent

title: rirent


text: rirai

title: rirai


text: riras

title: riras


text: rira

title: rira


text: rirons

title: rirons


text: riront

title: riront


text: rirais

title: rirais


text: rirait

title: rirait


text: ririons

title: ririons


text: ririez

title: ririez


text: riraient

title: riraient