text:
Talk:computer virus

Again the "virii" form. This is not used by those who work professionally in the field of computer virus or anti-virus research, nor by the medical world from which the linguistic parallel was derived. It is neither good English nor any kind of Latin, but is simply an error by people trying to appear clever. - TheNameWithNoMan -

 * Which is why it is marked "nonstandard" and reference is made to the note at virus. Robert Ullmann 12:38, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

RFD
[[computer]] + [[virus]]. Very transparent. Note that got deleted. People are very tech savvy nowadays, they know that meaning of virus so computer virus is very transparent. Also usually just called a 'virus' for the same reasons. Translations can go at, most of the translations are for 'virus' anyway (like the French is just ). Renard Migrant (talk) 16:17, 30 October 2014 (UTC)
 * It may be worth looking into whether the word "computer" was required originally when computer viruses were first introduced. --WikiTiki89 16:33, 30 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Keep. Of course it was. This is not a terribly unusual evolution. It is arguable that virus in the software sense has a distinct etymology, back formation from computer virus. As Wiktionary clearly is or at least sometimes pretends to be a historical dictionary, we can't really delete such terms. Even now it is sometimes necessary to use computer virus to disambiguate, especially for a non-technical audience. DCDuring TALK 18:44, 30 October 2014 (UTC)
 * "Of course it was."? You can't use logic to predict history without evidence. --WikiTiki89 02:05, 31 October 2014 (UTC)
 * I'm for deletion, provided that the current definition of "computer virus" is substituted for the definition of the 4th sense of "virus", which currently reads "A computer virus". --Hekaheka (talk) 08:26, 31 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Does it matter which came first? WT:CFI doesn't mention it. Renard Migrant (talk) 14:31, 31 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Only if it was idiomatic at some time in the past. Do we exclude expressions that become unidiomatic over time? If we wish to exclude computer virus, would that be because it was a live metaphor in its early uses and remained live until virus ("computer virus") entered the lexicon? Would the rule of excluding live metaphors be one that operates only on past live metaphors but not on current live metaphors? DCDuring TALK 15:20, 31 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Yes we exclude unidiomatic expressions even if they were idiomatic at some point in the past, c.f. . Renard Migrant (talk) 15:38, 31 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Why? DCDuring TALK 17:54, 31 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Because it's not useful to anyone. If you know what a computer and a virus is, you know what a computer virus is. If you don't know what they mean, look them up at computer and virus. The fact that it would've been useful 20 years ago is irrelevant; with that logic you end up with things that would've been idiomatic 500 years ago but have been transparent for the last 499 years. Renard Migrant (talk) 17:57, 31 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Utility is not part of WT:CFI. How would be decide that, anyway? Whose utility? Should we delete oak tree? railroad car? flower petal? car boot? I'd like to know whether there is a principle behind this other than the principle of pure whimsy, based on no explicit criteria as well as no facts. DCDuring TALK 18:14, 31 October 2014 (UTC)
 * "The fact that it would've been useful 20 years ago is irrelevant". Funny, I thought that it didn't matter when a word was used, and if it had three citations spanning at least a year, it didn't matter if the years were 2010 to 2012, or 1010 to 1012 Pur ple back pack 89   18:21, 31 October 2014 (UTC)
 * But this isn't a word. Renard Migrant (talk) 15:20, 1 November 2014 (UTC)
 * It is very hard to WT:AGF when your argument hinges on a distinction between word and term. Maybe we should make allowances for newbies. DCDuring TALK 19:20, 1 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Yeah, this dude Renard Migrant's only been editing for seven and a half months. Maybe he should come back when he's been editing for a year, and he has better grasp of Wiktionary policies. Pur ple back pack 89   21:45, 1 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Renard Migrant has been around longer than 7-8 months. This user is a reincarnation of Mglovesfun, the one who said the lunatics have taken over the asylum. Donnanz (talk) 13:48, 4 November 2014 (UTC)
 * He knows them better than you. — Keφr 22:58, 1 November 2014 (UTC)
 * How is this different from say, I used to have a dog? In the sense that, you could cite it 20 years ago, therefore it must be kept (see above). Renard Migrant (talk) 00:18, 2 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Twenty years ago was just as SOP as it is now. Which might have not been the case with . — Keφr 10:37, 2 November 2014 (UTC)

 * Delete per nom and per lemming test; all major dictionaries I looked in either don't have "computer virus" at all or just say "another term for virus (in the relevant sense)". —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 08:36, 31 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Apparently one cannot rely on your reports of other dictionaries. See . Though some (eg. AHD, MW) don't have the term at all and others have the main entry at virus, sometimes with a soft redirect (Collins and several others), some with only an inline "also" (Oxford), others have definitions (eg, American Heritage New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Macmillan, WordNet). DCDuring TALK 19:38, 1 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Apparently one can rely on my reports of other dictionaries, since your findings exactly correspond with mine. The major dictionaries either don't have computer virus at all or else have it as a "soft redirect" to the computer sense of virus. The American Heritage New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy is not my idea of a major dictionary; the main AHD doesn't have it. —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 22:18, 1 November 2014 (UTC)
 * AHD probably put it in the add-on to avoid typesetting and yet sell some books. I didn't mention the various glossaries that also have the term. In any event you simply asserted something without adequate research. Both the rhetorical advantage and the harm to the discussion can be seen from others citing the no-lemming argument that you claimed. DCDuring TALK 03:50, 2 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Keep. It is a rather short-sighted policy to delete every term which has a faint whiff of SoPpiness about it. You have the usual problem with translations, so it should be kept as a translation target at least. Donnanz (talk) 08:45, 31 October 2014 (UTC)
 * As Renard said in the nomination, translations can go at . —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 08:47, 31 October 2014 (UTC)
 * That's an utterly stupid idea, IMO - a lot of hard work for no real gain, and that's not taking into account those entries in other languages which would need modifying. Donnanz (talk) 11:26, 31 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Umm... Not much work needs to be done. It's a simple copy and paste. --WikiTiki89 13:29, 31 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Per above, should we keep entries with no lexical merit because it takes effort to delete them? That's a bit like saying we shouldn't correct errors because it takes effort. In which case, what the Hell are we all here for? Renard Migrant (talk) 14:31, 31 October 2014 (UTC)
 * We should keep it anyway, regardless of lemming tests and what-have-you - common sense is needed here. By the way, it's listed in my Oxford hard copy with a redirect to virus; at least the term is recognised by them. Donnanz (talk) 15:38, 31 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Common sense says delete it as it offers nothing useful to the reader. Renard Migrant (talk) 17:52, 31 October 2014 (UTC)

 * Keep per DCDuring and Donnanz Pur ple back pack 89  18:22, 31 October 2014 (UTC)
 * I feel like this is part of our continuing war on users, to include things they don't need for our own purposes. It's selfish and should be stopped. Renard Migrant (talk) 15:23, 1 November 2014 (UTC)
 * For starters, that doesn't make one lick of sense. For second, I personally believe users other than myself would get use out of it.  For third, "war on users?"  What users are being waged war on here?  You?  I'm sorry, but I've never bought into the argument posited by you and Mglovesfun that this project goes south if we create two-word entries.  I tend to believe that this project goes south if we have entries people are looking for and can't find, especially if other dictionaries have them. Pur ple back pack 89   21:45, 1 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Because how are English learners going to learn to put two words together if we keep doing it for them. Renard Migrant (talk) 00:15, 2 November 2014 (UTC)
 * I hope you know that the argument that we shouldn't have words just because everybody can figure out what they mean can easily be reduced to absurdity. Pur ple back pack 89  18:48, 3 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Really? If people look up "red ball", it's hardly going to hurt them if they find it. We are never going to have a significant fraction of the two word phrases in English, so it's not going to hurt our users if they find it.--Prosfilaes (talk) 00:43, 4 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Abstain! Really can't decide. I take DCD's point that there was (probably) a time when a computer virus was not merely referred to as a "virus", and I wonder whether we should delete "mobile phone" at the future time when there are no longer wired/tethered ones. Perhaps not. Equinox ◑ 16:40, 1 November 2014 (UTC)

 * No matter what else we do we need to craft a better definition of the fourth sense of virus "(computing) A computer virus".
 * The Hacker's Dictionary has: "virus /n./
 * "[from the obvious analogy with biological viruses, via SF] A cracker program  that searches out other programs and `infects' them by embedding a copy of itself in them, so that they become Trojan horses. that when these programs are executed, the embedded virus is executed too,</def 1A>, thus propagating the `infection'</def 1B>. <opt C>This normally happens invisibly to the user</opt 1C>. <opt D>Unlike a worm, a virus cannot infect other computers without assistance.</opt D> <opt E>It is propagated by vectors such as humans trading programs with their friends (see SEX).</opt E> <opt F>The virus may do nothing but propagate itself and then allow the program to run normally. Usually, however, after propagating silently for a while, it starts doing things like writing cute messages on the terminal or playing strange tricks with the display (some viruses include nice display hacks). Many nasty viruses, written by particularly perversely minded crackers, do irreversible damage, like nuking all the user's files.</opt F>
 * "In the 1990s, viruses have become a serious problem, especially among IBM PC and Macintosh users (the lack of security on these machines enables viruses to spread easily, even infecting the operating system). The production of special anti-virus software has become an industry, and a number of exaggerated media reports have caused outbreaks of near hysteria among users; many lusers tend to blame everything that doesn't work as they had expected on virus attacks. Accordingly, this sense of `virus' has passed not only into techspeak but into also popular usage (where it is often incorrectly used to denote a worm or even a Trojan horse) . See phage; compare back door; see also Unix conspiracy."
 * Are any of the three implicit appropriately terse definitions (approximate boundaries marked with tags " ") even accurate in current use ("opt" tags mark additional optional content)? In what usage contexts would the various possible definitions function? DCDuring TALK 19:10, 1 November 2014 (UTC)
 * I vote keep, unless someone convinces me that WT:JIFFY is a bad call here. — Keφr 22:58, 1 November 2014 (UTC)
 * I haven't seen any actual evidence that WT:JIFFY applies here, merely assertions that the longer term must be older. I don't see any reason to believe that without proof. It actually strikes me as unlikely, especially if the term virus was first used by IT specialists who would have known from context that they were talking about viruses in computers rather than in living beings and so wouldn't have needed to make the term more specific. —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 23:56, 1 November 2014 (UTC)
 * You might be right, but why do all those lemmings have the term now?
 * Also, if you are making a principled argument in favor of excluding live metaphors, such as this might be considered to have been, please say so. It was certainly not a living-thing virus that was infecting the computer. My excerpt above, from the , use the word analogy rather than metaphor, but that seems close enough. Or would you challenge that? DCDuring TALK 01:22, 2 November 2014 (UTC)

 * The "Hacker's Dictionary" is not really a dictionary, is it? It's more of a collection of subcultural anecdotes. That doesn't stop it from having value as a gauge of a subculture at a certain point in time (rather long ago, since the world of computing moves so fast) but it means it's likely to have lots of chatty senses and sub-discussions of things that a real dictionary would treat rather more tersely. Equinox ◑ 01:33, 2 November 2014 (UTC)
 * It's a lot better than some glossaries, but it is as you say. I was mostly looking for something on the subject that was published in the past. It was published in at least three versions. I was trying to find a shortcut to seeing whether early use of the term was in the form virus or computer virus. Maybe Usenet is a better bet for that. DCDuring TALK 02:21, 2 November 2014 (UTC)
 * According to Computer virus, the first known reference to a self-replicating program as a virus is in a 1984 paper by Fred Cohen, which is reproduced in html format on his website here. Notice that the first sentence in the paper is "This paper defines a major computer security problem called a virus." Throughout the paper, both virus and computer virus seem to be used pretty much interchangeably. Chuck Entz (talk) 02:58, 2 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Thanks. That might be evidence that it was a live metaphor.
 * I'm not sure what evidence to look for beyond the lemmings (which seems sufficient to me, but apparently not to others). I don't think there is COALMINE evidence in English.
 * I suppose that I would be perfectly happy if we had a principled argument that said: 1., we don't care about what professional lexicographers deem inclusion-worthy, even though they are purportedly more resource-constrained than we are and hence should be more exclusionist than we are, 2., that virus was at its introduction a live metaphor that, because it was so apt, rapidly became lexicalized and widely understood by all parts of the IT community and the general population, 3., that computer is just used as a modifier in certain circumstances, such as for disambiguation, euphony, variety, context maintenance, etc, and, 4., that this is completely distinct from cases like computer program, flower petal, oak tree, car boot, . It would also be nice if there were some actual evidence that there was no significant group of users that benefited from inclusion, though it is hard to imagine how one could get such evidence (aside from the inclusion decisions of professional lexicographers). DCDuring TALK 03:50, 2 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Oh my god flower petal. Just slash my arteries now. Equinox ◑ 04:17, 2 November 2014 (UTC)
 * I take issue with leg 1 of the argument above. I honestly think that if 1-2 print dictionaries have a definition, we should too. Pur ple back pack 89   04:31, 2 November 2014 (UTC)
 * I don't really find the arguments defensible, but maybe someone could persuade me.
 * Not all the definitions at are as nul as ours. Wordnet is the lead lemming with its usual followers. DCDuring TALK  05:23, 2 November 2014 (UTC)
 * The OED has an entry for Newton, Isaac, just one reason not have a lemming criterion for inclusion. Renard Migrant (talk) 18:08, 2 November 2014 (UTC)

 * No, it doesn't, or, at least, I can't find it. — I.S.M.E.T.A. 18:30, 2 November 2014 (UTC)
 * My Oxford hard copy has "Newton, Sir Isaac" listed, the emphasis being on Newton. But I think this is a little bit of nit-picking by Renard Migrant. Donnanz (talk) 10:23, 3 November 2014 (UTC)

 * Oxford Dictionaries (whatever that is) has an entry, like you say; however, I took R.M.'s claim to apply to the full OED. An entry for “Newton” was first introduced in the 1976 second volume of A Supplement to the Oxford English Dictionary, to which I don't have access to check; however, both the second-edition (1989) entry for “Newton” and the third-edition (September 2003) entry for “Newton, n.” mention “Sir Isaac Newton” in their etymology sections only. — I.S.M.E.T.A. 20:24, 3 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Yep, like I said. My hard copy is the 2nd revised edition of the Oxford Dictionary of English (2005), probably for the British market, and the back cover fell off ages ago. It's had a hard life. Donnanz (talk) 20:47, 3 November 2014 (UTC)

 * A copy of this, yes? I didn't know that any of Oxford's dictionaries listed biographical entries. — I.S.M.E.T.A. 20:53, 3 November 2014 (UTC)

 * Yes, the very same. It has quite a few biographical entries: e.g. "Churchill, Sir Winston" and "Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan" amongst others. Anyway, who needs a sub to the OED when we have that free website you just discovered? Donnanz (talk) 21:20, 3 November 2014 (UTC)

 * Etymologies and sourced quotations are major benefits. — I.S.M.E.T.A. 01:34, 4 November 2014 (UTC)

 * There's a lot of etymology info in Oxford anyway, but sourced quotations? Do you mean OED provides that? Donnanz (talk) 09:05, 4 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Yep. For every word. --WikiTiki89 09:47, 4 November 2014 (UTC)
 * OK, I didn't know that. Sourced quotations aren't my speciality. Donnanz (talk) 10:11, 4 November 2014 (UTC)

 * Donnanz how long did it take you to write that comment? Wasn't it just too much effort? Renard Migrant (talk) 16:45, 3 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Not as long as you think. Donnanz (talk) 16:51, 3 November 2014 (UTC)
 * , who gives a darn how long it took him to write the comment? You need to cool down on this AfD RfD.  You're essentially using the flimsiest of arguments for deletion of this, and then you're criticizing people who disagree with you.  FWIW, I am perfectly OK with us having biographical entries as well, provided they are brief AND something that is found in print dictionaries.  I think if there are too many words print dictionaries have that we don't, people are going to use print dictionaries instead of us. Pur ple back pack 89   18:41, 3 November 2014 (UTC)
 * What is an "AfD"? — Keφr 18:49, 3 November 2014 (UTC)

 * Articles for Deletion, essentially Wikipedia's equivalent of this project's Requests for Deletion. — I.S.M.E.T.A. 19:41, 3 November 2014 (UTC)

 * [//allthetropes.orain.org/wiki/Don%27t_Explain_the_Joke Whoosh.] — Keφr 19:51, 3 November 2014 (UTC)

 * I took Aɴɢʀ's answer to be a joke, but I thought your question was a genuine enquiry. — I.S.M.E.T.A. 20:09, 3 November 2014 (UTC)
 * At first I took Kephir's question for a genuine inquiry too, but then I decided it was sarcasm and answered accordingly. —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 20:59, 3 November 2014 (UTC)

 * A German political party. —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 19:29, 3 November 2014 (UTC)
 * How about a little less joke-cracking about whether I use AfD instead of RfD and a little more discussion of the merits of this article and/or CFI in general? Pur ple back pack 89  19:35, 3 November 2014 (UTC)

Let's count the votes. Keep 4 (DCDuring, Donnanz, PurpleBackPack, Matthias Buchmeier), Delete 5 (Renard Migrand, Hekaheka, Angr, Prosfilaes, WikiTiki). Delete has a narrow lead, but not enough to decide. Keep on the good argument. --Hekaheka (talk) 00:13, 5 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Delete As per Chuck Entz's evidence that "virus" was not originally a shortened form of "computer virus".--Prosfilaes (talk) 03:13, 4 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Except it kind of was… I switch to abstain. — Keφr 06:46, 4 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Maybe there should be a "chicken or egg" test. Donnanz (talk) 08:56, 4 November 2014 (UTC)
 * In my opinion, Chuck Entz's evidence shows that in its original usage, computer virus was used interchangeably with virus and thus was not a set phrase. Delete. --WikiTiki89 09:44, 4 November 2014 (UTC)
 * I don't see how this "not a set phrase" follows. A set phrase can have a set abbreviation.  Moreover, we can't privilege usage among the original computer-savvy, who presumably took "computer" for granted.  Non-computer people use English also.  Looking through outsiders (lawyers, journalists  ) writing about the Morris worm, "computer virus" was often used, sometimes standalone, sometimes interchangeably, with no clear priority. Choor monster (talk) 19:44, 5 November 2014 (UTC)
 * But "virus" not used as an abbreviation. Rather, "computer" is used as qualifier to establish context. The same applies to each of the articles you just linked to. --WikiTiki89 19:51, 5 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Keep.Matthias Buchmeier (talk) 16:18, 4 November 2014 (UTC)

Keep. --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 00:17, 5 November 2014 (UTC)
 * If the entry is kept, the translations should move where they belong. It's obvious that translations include words like "computer", "information", "data", etc. --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 00:23, 5 November 2014 (UTC)

 * What about computer game, computer program, computer language? In each case, with enough context, "computer" is commonly left out. Choor monster (talk) 21:19, 6 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Indeed, I was waiting for the outcome of this discussion first. Renard Migrant (talk) 23:01, 6 November 2014 (UTC)
 * I don't see any controversy here. Translations for computer game, computer program, computer language should also reflect this and they usually do, many of them behaving the same way. E.g. 電腦遊戲 is a Chinese term for "computer game" where 遊戲 is just a "game" but Russian literally meaning "language of programming" is normally used for ""computer language". --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 23:24, 6 November 2014 (UTC)
 * This discussion isn't about the translations. It's about whether it is SOP. But since you bring it up, the translations do show that term is SOP in other languages as well. --WikiTiki89 04:20, 7 November 2014 (UTC)
 * I know it's not about translations but I was asked the question "what about..." and I have answered. Being SoP is not a single reason to delete an entry, anyway and we all know this, like all gas station, apple tree discussions we had in the past. For this particular term, the Lemming principle might be a good reason to keep it, for English and some other languages. If don't introduce Lemming principle, at least, as part of CFI, we're going to keep wasting time forever on RFD's. Someone has already done the hard job of selecting words for inclusion. computer virus@macmillandictionary. --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 05:31, 7 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Well at least two people are suggesting a lemming test (and we have how many regular editors, 20?). Why doesn't someone propose it? I'd encourage its proposal (though of course I've been clear I'd oppose it if proposed). Renard Migrant (talk) 15:32, 7 November 2014 (UTC)
 * It was discussed and rejected once. Your turn. DCDuring TALK 18:38, 7 November 2014 (UTC)
 * I left some comments on that discussion, and would support the lemming test being instituted. Pur ple back pack 89  22:50, 7 November 2014 (UTC)

As Anatoli joined the ranks of keepers, it's 5-5 now, the keepers being DCDuring, Donnanz, PurpleBackPack, Matthias Buchmeier, Anatoli and deleters being Renard Migrand, Hekaheka, Angr, Prosfilaes, WikiTiki. Why not stop here and keep this bugger for lack of consensus for deletion and move on to something else? --Hekaheka (talk) 11:56, 8 November 2014 (UTC)
 * So long as voting takes precedence over policy, which it does, you're absolutely right. Renard Migrant (talk) 14:01, 9 November 2014 (UTC)

Kept. The votes on keeping and deleting are evenly split, rendering a clear absence of consensus to delete. Furthermore, for the benefit those concerned about voting taking precedence over policy, I note that tenable policy-grounded arguments have been made that this phrase was historically idiomatic, and therefore passes CFI. bd2412 T 14:51, 22 November 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:computer virus


text:
divinazione

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) divination

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: divinazione


text:
قۇدۇق

Noun

 * 1) well

title: قۇدۇق


text:
divinamente

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) divinely
 * 2) extremely

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) divinely

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) divinely, royally, wonderfully

title: divinamente


text:
ۋىتامىن

Noun

 * 1) vitamin

title: ۋىتامىن


text:
divinatorio

Adjective

 * 1) divinatory

Adjective

 * 1) divining, divinatory

Adjective

 * 1) divinatory

title: divinatorio


text:
divincolare

Verb

 * 1)  to twist or bend in all directions

title: divincolare


text:
divincolarsi

Verb

 * 1) to wriggle, to writhe

title: divincolarsi


text:
چىش

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) tooth

title: چىش


text:
divistico

Adjective

 * 1)  star, movie star, prima donna

title: divistico


text:
dopo che

Conjunction

 * 1) after, since, when, once

title: dopo che


text:
چېركاۋ

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) church

title: چېركاۋ


text:
dopoché

Etymology
From.

title: dopoché


text:
donzella

Etymology
From, from , , from. Compare. .

Noun

 * 1)  A female donzel.

Etymology
, diminutive of, from.

Noun

 * 1) maiden, damsel
 * 2)  vinca

Etymology
,, from , from , from , from , from root. .

Noun

 * 1)  maiden, damsel

title: donzella


text:
كوشة

Noun

 * 1) oven
 * 2) bakery

title: كوشة


text:
doga

Noun

 * 1) The practice of yoga with pet dogs.

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1)  stave
 * 2)  fat roll

Verb

 * 1) comprising.

Noun

 * 1) mastiff

Etymology 1
From, from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) slat
 * 2) floorboard
 * 3) stave

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) vat
 * 2) vessel

Descendants

 * Balkan Romance:
 * Dalmatian:
 * Italo-Romance:
 * Padanian:
 * Northern Gallo-Romance:
 * Southern Gallo-Romance:
 * Nord-Occitan:
 * Borrowings:
 * Padanian:
 * Northern Gallo-Romance:
 * Southern Gallo-Romance:
 * Nord-Occitan:
 * Borrowings:
 * Northern Gallo-Romance:
 * Southern Gallo-Romance:
 * Nord-Occitan:
 * Borrowings:
 * Southern Gallo-Romance:
 * Nord-Occitan:
 * Borrowings:
 * Southern Gallo-Romance:
 * Nord-Occitan:
 * Borrowings:
 * Nord-Occitan:
 * Borrowings:
 * Nord-Occitan:
 * Borrowings:
 * Nord-Occitan:
 * Borrowings:
 * Borrowings:

title: doga


text:
Februaries

Alternative forms

 * Februarys

title: Februaries


text:
doglia

Etymology 1
, derived from. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  pain
 * 2)  labour/labor the act of a mother giving birth
 * 1)  labour/labor the act of a mother giving birth

title: doglia


text:
domandina

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a little question

title: domandina


text:
User talk:Bigcwee13

Please note that this is not Wikipedia. You are currently on Wiktionary, a dictionary web site. If you would like to add a word and its definition, then you are welcome to do so. Encyclopedic articles, such as the one you entered, belong on an encyclopedia web site, such as Wikipedia. Thanks. --Eivind (t) 13:06, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bigcwee13


text:
docilità

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) docility

title: docilità


text: Aprils

title: Aprils


text:
Mays

Etymology
From.

Hypernyms

 * See

Hyponyms

 * ,, - species

Etymology

 * As an English surname, variant of.
 * As a surname, variant of.
 * As a surname, from a short form of.

title: Mays


text: Julies

title: Julies


text: Octobers

title: Octobers


text: Novembers

title: Novembers


text:
disco orario

Noun

 * 1) parking disk

title: disco orario


text:
پىشلاق

Noun

 * 1) cheese

title: پىشلاق


text:
adjointness

Noun

 * 1)  The state or quality of being adjoint.
 * 2)  The result or product of being adjoint.

Derived terms

 * self-adjointness

title: adjointness


text: adjointnesses

title: adjointnesses


text:
irresolvableness

Noun

 * 1) The state or quality of being irresolvable.

Antonyms

 * resolvableness

title: irresolvableness


text: nocturnes

title: nocturnes


text:
resolvableness

Noun

 * 1) The state or quality of being resolvable.

Antonyms

 * irresolvableness

title: resolvableness


text:
چاي

Etymology
Maybe from, but other sources are possible.

Noun

 * 1)  tea
 * 2)  a cup or glass of tea

Etymology
From, ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1) tea

title: چاي


text:
operativeness

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  The state or quality of being operative.
 * 2)  The result or product of being operative.

title: operativeness


text: operativenesses

title: operativenesses


text:
User talk:Toffolonb

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * Wiktionary Tutorial
 * How to edit a page
 * How to start a page
 * Our layout policy (nicknamed "ELE")
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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk (discussion) and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~, which automatically produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to one of the discussion rooms or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! 13:30, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Toffolonb


text:
unaffectedness

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) The state or quality of being unaffected.

title: unaffectedness


text:
پويىز

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) train

title: پويىز


text: spoak

title: spoak


text: simplified expressions

title: simplified expressions


text: STTR

title: STTR


text:
Überheblichkeit

Etymology
Frim.

Noun

 * 1) arrogance, hubris

title: Überheblichkeit


text:
nann

Adverb

 * 1) no

Related terms

 * ("yes")

title: nann


text:
bolscevismo

Noun

 * 1) Bolshevism

title: bolscevismo


text:
überheblich

Etymology
, which could be compared to 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) arrogant, overweening, haughty, cocksure, presumptuous, smug
 * 2) overbearing

title: überheblich


text:
Hybris

Noun

 * 1) hubris

title: Hybris


text:
Hochmut

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) arrogance, hubris

title: Hochmut


text:
يۇلتۇز

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  star

title: يۇلتۇز


text:
hochmütig

Adjective

 * 1) arrogant

title: hochmütig


text:
bomboniera

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a small but elaborate gift, often including sugared almonds, given to guests at a wedding; favor

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) candy box

title: bomboniera


text:
bilici

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) knowledgable, well-versed

Noun

 * 1) cognoscente, expert
 * 2) psychic, paranormalist, esper; fortune-teller; healer

title: bilici


text:
Rodolfo

Etymology
From, ultimately from.

Etymology
.

title: Rodolfo


text: bipartizioni

title: bipartizioni


text: birbonate

title: birbonate


text: bireattori

title: bireattori


text: birichinate

title: birichinate


text: birrai

title: birrai


text: bisacce

title: bisacce


text: bisavi

title: bisavi


text: bisave

title: bisave


text: bisavoli

title: bisavoli


text:
يىلان

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) snake

title: يىلان


text: bisavole

title: bisavole


text: bischeri

title: bischeri


text:
biscottiere

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) biscuit maker (person)

title: biscottiere


text: biscottifici

title: biscottifici


text: bisnipoti

title: bisnipoti


text: bissi

title: bissi


text: bitorzoli

title: bitorzoli


text: bischere

title: bischere


text: blandizie

title: blandizie


text: bloccasterzi

title: bloccasterzi


text: blusotti

title: blusotti


text:
duopoli

Etymology
From, by analogy with.

Noun

 * 1) duopoly

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬).

Noun

 * 1) duopoly

title: duopoli


text: boccagli

title: boccagli


text: docenze

title: docenze


text: bocchette

title: bocchette


text: bocciodromi

title: bocciodromi


text: boccole

title: boccole


text: diversioni

title: diversioni


text: divinazioni

title: divinazioni


text:
donzelle

Etymology
From, , , from , borrowed from , from , from earlier , from +  +. Compare also 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. .

Noun

 * 1)  maiden, damsel
 * 2)  little madam, young madam

Etymology
From, from , from Classical , from , from , from root.

Noun

 * 1)  hussy

title: donzelle


text: doglie

title: doglie


text: domandine

title: domandine


text: dischi orari

title: dischi orari


text: bolscevismi

title: bolscevismi


text: blusanti

title: blusanti


text: diuturna

title: diuturna


text: diuturni

title: diuturni


text:
diuturne

Adverb

 * 1) for a long time

title: diuturne


text: durabili

title: durabili


text: boccheggianti

title: boccheggianti


text: divinatoria

title: divinatoria


text: divinatori

title: divinatori


text: divinatorie

title: divinatorie


text: divistica

title: divistica


text: divistici

title: divistici


text: divistiche

title: divistiche


text:
Petteri Punakuono

Etymology
+ +

Proper noun

 * 1) Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer.

title: Petteri Punakuono


text:
bonaccione

Adjective

 * 1) good-natured

title: bonaccione


text:
User talk:Jk~enwiktionary

14:10, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Jk. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Jk~enwiktionary that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:53, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 07:09, 21 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jk~enwiktionary


text:
bonarietà

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) good nature, kindliness, affability

title: bonarietà


text:
bonificabile

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) reclaimable

title: bonificabile


text:
traumatisch

Etymology
Probably borrowed. Equivalent to.

Adjective

 * 1) traumatic

Adjective

 * 1) traumatic

title: traumatisch


text: Ernestina

title: Ernestina


text:
Eugenio

Etymology
From, from , from +.

Etymology
, from, from +.

Proper noun

 * , notably borne by:
 * , Filipina singer
 * , Filipina singer

title: Eugenio


text:
bonificare

Verb

 * 1)  to reclaim
 * 2)  to clear mines
 * 3)  to provide a discount to

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) bonification

title: bonificare


text: bonificando

title: bonificando


text: bonificante

title: bonificante


text: bonificato

title: bonificato


text: bonificati

title: bonificati


text: bonificata

title: bonificata


text:
bonifico

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) wire transfer, credit transfer
 * 2)  a transfer of funds between banks

title: bonifico


text: bonifichi

title: bonifichi


text: bonifichiamo

title: bonifichiamo


text: bonificate

title: bonificate


text: bonificano

title: bonificano


text: bonificavo

title: bonificavo


text: bonificavi

title: bonificavi


text: bonificava

title: bonificava


text: bonificavamo

title: bonificavamo


text:
bonificazione

Noun

 * 1) reclamation

title: bonificazione


text:
ausweiden

Verb

 * 1) to gut, to disembowel, to eviscerate

title: ausweiden


text:
borbonico

Adjective

 * 1)  Bourbon, of the Bourbons
 * 2) backward, out of date

title: borbonico


text:
Talk:sisters-in-law

how can you take a dictionary seriously when a word in the definition is misspelled? It is occasionally, not occassionally.

title: Talk:sisters-in-law


text: Léonard

title: Léonard


text:
celle-ci

Pronoun

 * : this one, the latter

title: celle-ci


text:
ceux-ci

Pronoun

 * : these ones, the latter ones

title: ceux-ci


text:
User talk:Lonejvl

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * Wiktionary Tutorial
 * How to edit a page
 * How to start a page
 * Our layout policy (nicknamed "ELE")
 * Criteria for inclusion (nicknamed "CFI")
 * Wiktionary Sandbox (a safe place for testing syntax)
 * What Wiktionary is not
 * FAQ

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk (discussion) and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~, which automatically produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to one of the discussion rooms or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! 14:36, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lonejvl


text:
celles-ci

Pronoun

 * : these ones, the latter ones

title: celles-ci


text:
Talk:urs

Does anyone know the meaning of urs in a chemical name? Thanks, Stefan Schuber /* email adrress removed */

 * Nothing as far as I know. Please give us an example usage. SemperBlotto 15:28, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:urs


text:
Altagracia

Etymology
From an epithet of the Virgin Mary, María de Altagracia, the patron of the Dominican Republic, from +.

title: Altagracia


text:
User:Kwj2772

Hi. I'm m:User:Kwj2772

title: User:Kwj2772


text: Giuliano

title: Giuliano


text: Beatrijs

title: Beatrijs


text:
Ieneke

Etymology
Diminutive of Ine, a Germanic female given name, or ien, the West Frisian and Dutch Low Saxon word for "one."

title: Ieneke


text:
visibilité

Etymology
, from. .

Noun

 * 1) visibility

title: visibilité


text: without doubt

title: without doubt


text:
déshydrater

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to dehydrate

title: déshydrater


text:
hydrater

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to hydrate

title: hydrater


text:
demandeur d'asile

Noun

 * 1) asylum seeker

title: demandeur d'asile


text:
mittimus

Etymology
From (the opening word of such a document), first-person plural of.

Noun

 * 1)  A warrant issued for someone to be taken into custody.
 * 2) A writ for moving records from one court to another.
 * 3) A formal dismissal from a situation.
 * 1) A writ for moving records from one court to another.
 * 2) A formal dismissal from a situation.
 * 1) A formal dismissal from a situation.

title: mittimus


text: oven-proof

title: oven-proof


text:
grièvement

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1)  seriously

title: grièvement


text:
rectorial

Adjective

 * 1) Relating to a rector.

Noun

 * 1) The events associated with the appointment of a new rector.

title: rectorial


text:
bordeaux

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) claret
 * 2)  claret of a deep purplish-red colour
 * 3) Bordeaux wine

Etymology
Borrowed from,.

Noun

 * 1) Bordeaux SW French wine
 * 2) claret
 * 3)  a Dutch passport, Dutch citizenship; a Dutch citizen
 * 4) certain maroon dyes
 * 5) that red-brownish colour
 * 1) certain maroon dyes
 * 2) that red-brownish colour
 * 1) that red-brownish colour

Adjective

 * 1) claret

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Bordeaux wine

Adjective

 * 1) claret

Noun

 * 1) Bordeaux wine

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) burgundy, maroon

Noun

 * 1) burgundy, maroon
 * 2) Bordeaux wine
 * 3)  any of several azo dyes having this colour/color

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) Bordeaux

title: bordeaux


text:
naturalismus

Noun

 * 1) naturalism

Related terms

 * See

title: naturalismus


text:
bordeggiare

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to tack
 * 2)  to beat
 * 3)  to make one's way through obstacles
 * 4)  to beat around the bush
 * 5)  to border
 * 6)  to skirt

title: bordeggiare


text:
douanier

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) An officer of the French customs.

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) A customs official.

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  customs

Noun

 * 1) customs officer

title: douanier


text: bordeggiando

title: bordeggiando


text: bordeggiante

title: bordeggiante


text: bordeggiato

title: bordeggiato


text: bordeggiati

title: bordeggiati


text: bordeggiata

title: bordeggiata


text: bordeggio

title: bordeggio


text: bordeggi

title: bordeggi


text: bordeggia

title: bordeggia


text: bordeggiamo

title: bordeggiamo


text: bordeggiate

title: bordeggiate


text: bordeggiano

title: bordeggiano


text: bordeggiavo

title: bordeggiavo


text: bordeggiavi

title: bordeggiavi


text: bordeggiava

title: bordeggiava


text: bordeggiavamo

title: bordeggiavamo


text: bordeggiavate

title: bordeggiavate


text: bordeggiavano

title: bordeggiavano


text: bordeggiai

title: bordeggiai


text: bordeggiasti

title: bordeggiasti


text: bordeggiò

title: bordeggiò


text: bordeggiammo

title: bordeggiammo


text: bordeggiaste

title: bordeggiaste


text: bordeggiarono

title: bordeggiarono


text: bordeggerò

title: bordeggerò


text: bordeggerai

title: bordeggerai


text: bordeggerà

title: bordeggerà


text: bordeggeremo

title: bordeggeremo


text: bordeggerete

title: bordeggerete


text: bordeggeranno

title: bordeggeranno


text: bordeggerei

title: bordeggerei


text: bordeggeresti

title: bordeggeresti


text: bordeggerebbe

title: bordeggerebbe


text: bordeggeremmo

title: bordeggeremmo


text: bordeggereste

title: bordeggereste


text: bordeggerebbero

title: bordeggerebbero


text: bordeggino

title: bordeggino


text: bordeggiassi

title: bordeggiassi


text: bordeggiasse

title: bordeggiasse


text: bordeggiassimo

title: bordeggiassimo


text: bordeggiassero

title: bordeggiassero


text:
rectrix

Etymology
From, feminine form of.

Noun

 * 1) A governess; a rectoress.
 * 2) A flight feather on the tails of birds, used for directional control.

title: rectrix


text: rectrices

title: rectrices


text:
Douanier

Proper noun

 * , French painter

Usage notes
Normally expressed as le Douanier, with the definite article.

title: Douanier


text:
inculper

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1)  to charge

title: inculper


text:
孤客

Noun

 * 1)  a person who is all alone

title: 孤客


text:
rocailleux

Etymology
From. First attested in 1692 as. This spelling from 1767.

Adjective

 * 1) rocky containing lots of rocks

title: rocailleux


text:
Ulysse

Etymology
. The Roman name is commonly used for the Greek character, perhaps because a Greek-derived name would be rendered identically to.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Odysseus
 * 2)  Ulysses

title: Ulysse


text:
zootomie

Noun

 * 1) zootomy

Etymology
. Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) zootomy

title: zootomie


text: tribunaux

title: tribunaux


text: effectifs

title: effectifs


text:
borlotto

Noun

 * 1) kidney bean

title: borlotto


text:
borotalco

Noun

 * 1) talcum powder (perfumed talc + boric acid)

title: borotalco


text:
talcum powder

Noun

 * 1) Perfumed talc (sometimes with the addition of boric acid) for adsorbing moisture on the skin.

Translations

 * Arabic:
 * Armenian:
 * Burmese:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: talkopudro
 * Estonian: talk pulber
 * Finnish: talkkijauhe
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: κουφολίθος
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:
 * Khmer:
 * Korean:
 * Lao:
 * Mongolian:
 * Nepali:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:, polvos de talco
 * Swedish: talkpuder
 * Thai: แป้งฝุ่น
 * Tibetan: གདོང་བྱུག་པོ་ཊར

title: talcum powder


text:
rozsáhlý

Adjective

 * 1) extensive

title: rozsáhlý


text:
borraccia

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) water bottle, canteen for cyclists, soldiers etc.

title: borraccia


text:
borracina

Noun

 * 1) moss

title: borracina


text: tenderheartednesses

title: tenderheartednesses


text:
borsa nera

Noun

 * 1) black market

title: borsa nera


text: tenesmuses

title: tenesmuses


text:
窮軍

Noun

 * 1)  an army which is cut off and isolated

title: 窮軍


text:
borsello

Noun

 * 1) handbag (for men); manbag

title: borsello


text: 穷军

title: 穷军


text: tenias

title: tenias


text: taenias

title: taenias


text: tengus

title: tengus


text:
椰汁

Noun

 * 1) coconut water

title: 椰汁


text:
鼻息

Noun

 * 1) breath; breathing
 * 2) sound of snoring
 * 3)  power; influence

Noun

 * 1) heavy breathing (through the nose)
 * 2) ardor

title: 鼻息


text:
strike lucky

Verb

 * 1)  To have unexpected good fortune.

title: strike lucky


text:
股掌

Noun

 * 1)  thigh and palm of a hand
 * 2)  assistant to a government official
 * 1)  assistant to a government official
 * 1)  assistant to a government official

title: 股掌


text:
strike it lucky

Verb

 * 1)  To have unexpected good fortune.

title: strike it lucky


text:
乳哺

Verb

 * 1)  to feed (a child) with breast milk (mother's milk)

title: 乳哺


text:
餓死

Verb

 * 1)  to starve to death; to die of starvation
 * 2)  to be extremely hungry
 * 1)  to be extremely hungry

Noun

 * 1) starvation
 * 2) death from starvation

Verb

 * 1) to starve
 * 2) to starve to death
 * 3) to die from hunger/starvation

title: 餓死


text: 饿死

title: 饿死


text:
будь верен сам себе

Phrase

 * 1) to thine own self be true

title: будь верен сам себе


text:
引虎入羊群

Etymology
Literally: to bring a tiger into the middle of a group of lambs

Idiom

 * 1) to let a fox into the chicken coop

title: 引虎入羊群


text:
虎入羊群

Idiom

 * 1) fox in the henhouse

title: 虎入羊群


text:
five-finger exercise

Noun

 * 1)  A musical composition for the piano, designed to require the use of all the fingers of the hand for the purpose of skill development.
 * 2)  An activity which is undertaken for the purpose of skill development.
 * 1)  An activity which is undertaken for the purpose of skill development.

title: five-finger exercise


text:
古者

Noun

 * 1)  the ancients; the people of old

Adverb

 * 1)  previously; formerly; once upon a time; in the past

title: 古者


text: five finger exercise

title: five finger exercise


text:
棄職

Verb

 * 1)  to abandon one's post

title: 棄職


text: 弃职

title: 弃职


text:
selbstzerstörerisch

Adjective

 * 1) self-destructive

title: selbstzerstörerisch


text:
Selbstzerstörung

Noun

 * 1) self-destruction
 * 2) self-destruct

title: Selbstzerstörung


text:
détaillé

Adjective

 * 1) detailed, itemized, elaborate

title: détaillé


text:
Trittbrettfahrer

Etymology
From +.

Noun

 * 1)  freeloader

title: Trittbrettfahrer


text:
Trittbrett

Noun

 * 1) footboard, running board

title: Trittbrett


text:
fackins

Alternative forms

 * feckins
 * fegs

Etymology
Corruption of,.

Noun

 * 1)  Used in exclamatory phrases to express surprise, insistence, etc.

title: fackins


text: Under Secretary

title: Under Secretary


text: Under Secretaries

title: Under Secretaries


text:
piercee

Noun

 * 1) One who receives or has received a piercing.

title: piercee


text: piercees

title: piercees


text: marry come up

title: marry come up


text:
User:Barek/monobook.css

 * 1) WN_GEON { display: none; }

title: User:Barek/monobook.css


text:
User:Barek/monobook.js

// See |Talk page if (wgNamespaceNumber >= 0) $(function{ var pCactions = document.getElementById('p-cactions'); if (!pCactions) return; var caMain = pCactions.getElementsByTagName('li')[0]; var caTalk = document.getElementById('ca-talk'); var caEdit = document.getElementById('ca-edit'); if (!caEdit) caEdit = document.getElementById('ca-viewsource'); var caHistory = document.getElementById('ca-history'); if (!caMain || !caTalk || !caEdit || !caHistory) return; var el_move, el_create, id2; if (wgNamespaceNumber % 2) { //talk space  el_move = caTalk; el_create = caMain; id2 = ''; } else {   el_move = caMain; el_create = caTalk; id2 = 'discussion'; } caEdit.firstChild.innerHTML = 'edit'; caHistory.firstChild.innerHTML = 'hist'; el_move.parentNode.insertBefore(caHistory, el_move.nextSibling); el_move.parentNode.insertBefore(caEdit, el_move.nextSibling); var href = el_create.firstChild.getAttribute('href', 2); if (el_create.className.indexOf('new') < 0){ mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', href + '?action=history', 'hist',    'ca-history-'+id2, id2+' history', '', el_create.nextSibling); mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', href + '?action=edit', 'edit',    'ca-edit-'+id2, 'Edit '+id2, '', el_create.nextSibling); }  caMain.style.marginRight = '0.3em'; caTalk.style.marginRight = '0.3em'; caTalk.style.marginLeft = '1.6em'; }) //

title: User:Barek/monobook.js


text:
ـ

Punctuation mark

 * 1) The kashida or tatweel, a character used for lengthening words in cursive scripts, in most cases to justify them.

title: ـ


text: Wiktionary:Word of the day/Archive/2008/August


text:
ważyć

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to weigh
 * 2)  to weigh in one's hand, to hold in one's hand to estimate the weight of
 * 3)  to weigh, to think about, to consider
 * 4)  to weigh
 * 5)  to carry weight, to be important
 * 6)  to cost, to be worth
 * 7)  to take up
 * 8)  to weigh oneself
 * 9)  to dare
 * 10)  to be decided
 * 1)  to weigh oneself
 * 2)  to dare
 * 3)  to be decided
 * 1)  to dare
 * 2)  to be decided
 * 1)  to be decided
 * 1)  to be decided

title: ważyć


text:
User talk:Chris Taylor

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * Wiktionary Tutorial
 * How to edit a page
 * How to start a page
 * Our layout policy (nicknamed "ELE")
 * Criteria for inclusion (nicknamed "CFI")
 * Wiktionary Sandbox (a safe place for testing syntax)
 * What Wiktionary is not
 * FAQ

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk (discussion) and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~, which automatically produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to one of the discussion rooms or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --EncycloPetey 18:23, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Chris Taylor


text:
Exekutive

Noun

 * 1)  executive branch

title: Exekutive


text:
Judikative

Noun

 * 1)  judiciary, judicial system

title: Judikative


text:
borsista

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) stockbroker

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) speculator (on the stock exchange)
 * 2) student having a scholarship

title: borsista


text:
Talk:exuberance

1. (uncountable) The quality of being exuberant 2. An instance of exuberant behaviour.

would anyone ever find this a helpful definition for exuberance? If you don't know what EXUBERANCE means, you probably don't know what EXUBERANT means
 * That's why the words are linked. If you click on the link, it will take you to the entry for that word. --EncycloPetey 18:42, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

i know but it would still be easier if the definitions were a little better for exuberance, that people wont have to find defenitions for different words to understand what the one word they were looking for means.

title: Talk:exuberance


text:
nuttura

Etymology
Borrowed from (compare 🇨🇬).

Noun

 * 1) topknot, bun, chignon

title: nuttura


text:
Talk:poignancy

poignancy (uncountable)

1. The quality of being poignant

no duh. can you get a better definition that doesn't involve looking up poignant?

title: Talk:poignancy


text:
obligatorinen

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬), ultimately from and adapted with the adjectival suffix.

Adjective

 * 1) obligatory

title: obligatorinen


text:
boscaglia

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) brush, scrub, thicket

title: boscaglia


text:
obliikvisija

Noun

 * 1)  oblique case

title: obliikvisija


text:
observoija

Noun

 * 1) observer

title: observoija


text:
observointi

Noun

 * 1) observation

title: observointi


text:
boscaiolo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) woodcutter
 * 2) forester
 * 1) forester

title: boscaiolo


text:
mye

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Mya taxonomic genre of mollusks

Etymology
From, a newer variant of , itself the neuter form of the adjective , from , from. Cognate with Norwegian Bokmål and 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) Existing in large quantities: lots of, a lot (of), many, a great deal (of), much (antonym to lite, "small", "little")
 * Kom an, det er mye arbeid som må gjøres.
 * Come on, there's a lot of work to do.
 * Det finnes mye rart i byen.
 * There are a lot of strange things in the city.
 * Ble det for mye for deg? = was it too much for you?
 * 1) Used as a noun: much, a lot of (things), a great deal
 * 2) much, far, a great deal (in a comparative sense, functions as an adverb)
 * Faren min er mye sterkere enn din.
 * My dad is much stronger than yours.
 * Det huset er mye større enn jeg hadde trodd.
 * That house is much bigger than I had expected.
 * 1) (as a verb-modifying adverb) much, a great deal, a good deal, a lot
 * Jogger du mye i fritida?
 * Do you jog much in your spare time?
 * Han drikker mye.
 * He drinks a lot.
 * He drinks a lot.

Usage notes

 * å være mye syk = to often be ill
 * han er mye syk. = he is often ill.

Synonyms

 * ,, en (god, hel, stor) del, en masse, fullt av, , , massevis (av), , , rikelig (av, med)

Derived terms

 * få mye for pengene = make one's money go a long way; get one's money worth; get value for money (literally: "get much for the money")
 * for mye og for lite skjemmer alt = enough is as good as a feast (literally: "too much and too little spoils everything")
 * gjøre for mye ut av = make too much fuss (out) of (literally: "do/make too much out of")
 * ikke mye å rope hurra for = not much to cheer about (literally: "not much to cry hooray for")
 * man skal høre mye før ørene faller av = be hardly able/unable to believe one's ears (literally: "one is going to/shall hear a lot before the ears come off")
 * mye vil ha mer = give him an inch and he'll take a mile (literally: "much wants more")
 * så mye du vil = as much as you like; as much as you want
 * uten så mye som å takke = without so much as a "thank you" (literally: "without so much as to thank")

Etymology
From, from , neuter of.

Etymology
From, from , from.

Verb

 * 1) may

title: mye


text:
boschereccio

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  woodland; living, growing in the woods
 * 2)  simple, rough

title: boschereccio


text:
olennaisuus

Noun

 * 1) essentialness

title: olennaisuus


text:
olemattomuus

Noun

 * 1) nothingness

title: olemattomuus


text:
boschivo

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) woody, wooded
 * 2)  woodland

title: boschivo


text:
oleskelulupa

Noun

 * 1) residence permit right to legally reside in a country
 * 2) residence permit document that proves the above right

title: oleskelulupa


text:
onnenpeli

Noun

 * 1) game of chance game in which the outcome is determined by random variables rather than by strategy or skill of the players

title: onnenpeli


text:
boscosità

Noun

 * 1) density of woodland

title: boscosità


text:
oopperatalo

Noun

 * 1) opera house

title: oopperatalo


text:
opetuksellinen

Adjective

 * 1) educational

title: opetuksellinen


text:
bottiglieria

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) wine shop
 * 2) cellar (for wine)

title: bottiglieria


text:
orangutangi

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) An orangutan.

title: orangutangi


text:
oranssinen

Adjective

 * 1) orange having orange color

title: oranssinen


text:
orkesterinjohtaja

Noun

 * 1)  conductor of an orchestra

title: orkesterinjohtaja


text:
bottiglione

Noun

 * 1) large bottle

title: bottiglione


text:
ostelu

Noun

 * 1) shopping

title: ostelu


text:
ostjakki

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) A Khanty.
 * 2) The Khanty language.

title: ostjakki


text:
ottomoottori

Etymology
. The first part is from Nikolaus Otto, the inventor of the petrol engine.

Noun

 * 1) petrol engine

title: ottomoottori


text:
ottotyttö

Noun

 * 1) An adopted daughter.

title: ottotyttö


text:
ottomaani

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) Ottoman
 * 2)  ottoman, hassock
 * 3)  ottoman

title: ottomaani


text:
otaksuma

Noun

 * 1) presumption
 * 2) conjecture

title: otaksuma


text:
otaksuttavasti

Adverb

 * 1) presumptively

title: otaksuttavasti


text:
ompelukone

Noun

 * 1) sewing machine

title: ompelukone


text:
nikotiinilaastari

Noun

 * 1) nicotine patch

title: nikotiinilaastari


text:
nikotiinipurukumi

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) nicotine gum

title: nikotiinipurukumi


text:
nailoninen

Adjective

 * 1) Made of nylon.

title: nailoninen


text:
naimakauppa

Noun

 * 1) marriage

title: naimakauppa


text:
naimisiinmeno

Noun

 * 1) getting married

title: naimisiinmeno


text:
nainti

Noun

 * 1) marrying
 * 2)  fucking

Etymology
From.

Numeral

 * 1) ninety

Usage notes
Used when counting; see also nainpela ten.

title: nainti


text:
mittaamattomasti

Adverb

 * 1) immeasurably

title: mittaamattomasti


text:
mittaamattomuus

Noun

 * 1) immeasurableness

title: mittaamattomuus


text:
meitsi

Pronoun

 * 1)  I, me

Usage notes

 * The verb conjugates in the third person singular form.

title: meitsi


text:
luksusristeilijä

Noun

 * 1) luxury cruiser

title: luksusristeilijä


text:
Template talk:edit conflict

Move to ?
I suggest that we move this template to to avoid any similarities with language templates. Is that ok? --Eivind (t) 19:26, 31 July 2008 (UTC)
 * I second that, same with, having other templates using only two letters could get quite confusing. (Two and three letter templates are only otherwise used for ISO-639 language codes) Conrad.Irwin 20:05, 31 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Or we could just delete it - and its redirects. What are they for? SemperBlotto 21:13, 31 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Presumably when you edit conflict with someone, ask Nwspel - I wouldn't mind them gone either as all the redirects are in the wrong case. Conrad.Irwin 21:18, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

The usage
I never understood why would I want to use that? Maybe one who knows that can explain here and in the documentation?--Dixtosa (talk) 19:32, 20 July 2015 (UTC)
 * Never understood it either. I will not miss it if it gets deleted. —Keφr 15:44, 21 July 2015 (UTC)

 * @Dixtosa This is explained on Meta. — excarnateSojourner (talk · contrib) 00:50, 12 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Template talk:edit conflict


text:
liitonarkki

Noun

 * 1) Ark of the Covenant

title: liitonarkki


text:
يالغان

Etymology
From. Cognates with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) false, untrue

Noun

 * 1) lie, untruth, falsehood
 * 2) wig

title: يالغان


text:
loppuottelu

Etymology
🇰🇲

Noun

 * 1)  championship, final

title: loppuottelu


text:
luumuhillo

Noun

 * 1) plum jam

title: luumuhillo


text:
luvattomuus

Noun

 * 1) illicitness

title: luvattomuus


text: shado beni

title: shado beni


text:
luvuttomasti

Adverb

 * 1) uncountably, countlessly

title: luvuttomasti


text:
lyhytnäköisyys

Noun

 * 1) short-sightedness

title: lyhytnäköisyys


text:
lymyillä

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to skulk

Usage notes

 * In current usage the verbs and  have become synonymous.

title: lymyillä


text:
läpinäkymättömyys

Noun

 * 1) opacity

title: läpinäkymättömyys


text:
makrobioottinen

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Adapted with the adjectival suffix.

Adjective

 * 1) macrobiotic

title: makrobioottinen


text:
maltiton

Adjective

 * 1) impatient

title: maltiton


text:
maltittomasti

Adverb

 * 1) impatiently

title: maltittomasti


text:
maltittomuus

Noun

 * 1) impatience

title: maltittomuus


text:
manipuloija

Noun

 * 1) manipulator one who manipulates

title: manipuloija


text:
manipulointi

Noun

 * 1) manipulation

title: manipulointi


text:
mankeli

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) mangle device with rollers for smoothing flat textiles such as bedsheets, tableclothes
 * 2)  wringer device for drying laundry consisting of two rollers between which the wet laundry is squeezed
 * 3)  credit card imprinter; knuckle-buster, zip-zap machine mechanical device for imprinting the data embossed on a credit card on a receipt
 * 4)  tight spot, dire straits, wringer difficult situation or process that one has to go through
 * 1)  tight spot, dire straits, wringer difficult situation or process that one has to go through

title: mankeli


text:
mankelointi

Noun

 * 1) wringing, mangling

title: mankelointi


text:
menestyksellisesti

Adverb

 * 1) successfully

title: menestyksellisesti


text:
menestyksellisyys

Noun

 * 1) successfulness

title: menestyksellisyys


text:
menestyksekkäästi

Adverb

 * 1) successfully

title: menestyksekkäästi


text:
menestyksekkyys

Noun

 * 1) successfulness

title: menestyksekkyys


text:
menestyksetön

Adjective

 * 1) unsuccessful

title: menestyksetön


text:
menestymätön

Adjective

 * 1) unsuccessful

title: menestymätön


text:
merenpohja

Noun

 * 1) seafloor, seabed

title: merenpohja


text:
czuć

Etymology
..

Verb

 * 1)  to stay awake, to stay up
 * 2) to watch over, to guard
 * 3)  to keep vigil
 * 4)  to try, to attempt
 * 5)  to know; to think, to suppose, to opine
 * 6)  to sense, to feel
 * 7) to forefeel, to presage
 * 1)  to try, to attempt
 * 2)  to know; to think, to suppose, to opine
 * 3)  to sense, to feel
 * 4) to forefeel, to presage
 * 1)  to sense, to feel
 * 2) to forefeel, to presage
 * 1) to forefeel, to presage
 * 1) to forefeel, to presage
 * 1) to forefeel, to presage

Etymology
. Cognate with 🇨🇬 and.

Verb

 * 1)  to feel, to sense
 * 2)  to smell
 * 3)  to taste
 * 4)  to hear
 * 5)  to feel
 * 6)  to feel
 * 7)  to feel
 * 8)  to stay up
 * 9)  to be alert or attentive; to try, to strive; to take care of, to look after; to guard, to defend
 * 10)  to feel;
 * 11)  to feel
 * 12)  to feel like
 * 13)  to be conscious
 * 14)  to feel
 * 15)  to realize
 * 16)  to be on guard; to think carefully; to look after; to try, to take care of
 * 1)  to feel;
 * 2)  to feel
 * 3)  to feel like
 * 4)  to be conscious
 * 5)  to feel
 * 6)  to realize
 * 7)  to be on guard; to think carefully; to look after; to try, to take care of
 * 1)  to feel
 * 2)  to realize
 * 3)  to be on guard; to think carefully; to look after; to try, to take care of
 * 1)  to be on guard; to think carefully; to look after; to try, to take care of

Verb

 * 1)  to feel
 * 2)  to forefeel, to presage, to sense

Verb

 * 1)  to smell
 * 2)  to be felt
 * 3)  to be felt

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1)  to feel
 * 2)  to feel

Verb

 * 1)  to smell

title: czuć


text:
mý

Etymology 1
From, from , , from ,.

Cognates with Norwegian, 🇨🇬 and , 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 (whence 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬); 🇨🇬 (🇨🇬); 🇨🇬; 🇨🇬; 🇨🇬; 🇨🇬; 🇨🇬; 🇨🇬; 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬. Akin to Latin. Compare the 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  midge, blackfly, midget, gnat

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1) mu (Greek letter)

title: mý


text:
mestaruusottelu

Noun

 * 1)  championship, final

title: mestaruusottelu


text:
mestaruuskilpailu

Noun

 * 1)  championship competition

title: mestaruuskilpailu


text:
matkapahoinvointi

Noun

 * 1) motion sickness especially one caused by traveling; airsickness, carsickness, seasickness

title: matkapahoinvointi


text:
mýfluga

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  a midge, a gnat

title: mýfluga


text:
marxilaisuus

Noun

 * 1) Marxism

title: marxilaisuus


text:
monisärmäinen

Adjective

 * 1) multifaceted

title: monisärmäinen


text:
monisärmäisyys

Noun

 * 1) multifacetedness

title: monisärmäisyys


text:
ohjustukikohta

Noun

 * 1) missile base

title: ohjustukikohta


text:
originaalisuus

Noun

 * 1) originality

title: originaalisuus


text:
originaliteetti

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) originality

title: originaliteetti


text:
otsonointi

Noun

 * 1) ozonization

title: otsonointi


text:
pahannäköinen

Adjective

 * 1) bad-looking

title: pahannäköinen


text:
świetny

Etymology
From, originally meaning "shining".

Adjective

 * 1) great, fantastic, splendid, excellent

title: świetny


text:
palvaus

Noun

 * 1) curing food preservation

title: palvaus


text:
zabić

Etymology
, from. .

Verb

 * 1)  to kill
 * 2)  to obliterate, to exterminate
 * 3)  to nail shut, to board up
 * 4)  to take
 * 5)  to kill oneself, to commit suicide
 * 6)  to kill one another

title: zabić


text:
botaanisesti

Adverb

 * 1) botanically

title: botaanisesti


text:
rozsadzać

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to burst
 * 2)  to explode
 * 3)  to overcome, to affect someone uncontrollably
 * 4)  to torment, to affect a body part intensely
 * 5)  to replant seedlings further apart after a period of growth
 * 6)  to seat or place people separately, further apart, or throughout a large space

title: rozsadzać


text:
CD-soitin

Etymology
🇰🇲

Noun

 * 1) CD player

title: CD-soitin


text:
celsiusaste

Noun

 * 1) degree Celsius

title: celsiusaste


text:
ekonomisesti

Adverb

 * 1) economically

title: ekonomisesti


text:
ekstaattisesti

Adverb

 * 1) ecstatically

title: ekstaattisesti


text:
ekstaattisuus

Noun

 * 1) ecstasy

title: ekstaattisuus


text:
Menologium

Proper noun

 * , particularly in reference to specific editions of the menaia or synaxaria or  biographical records of members of religious orders.

title: Menologium


text:
elektrolyyttisesti

Adverb

 * 1) electrolytically

title: elektrolyyttisesti


text:
ennakkosuosikki

Noun

 * 1) front runner, favorite one expected to win a contest, election etc.

title: ennakkosuosikki


text:
etelärannikko

Noun

 * 1) southern coast

title: etelärannikko


text:
fertiiliys

Noun

 * 1) fertility

title: fertiiliys


text:
fertiliteetti

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬), ultimately from. Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) fertility, fecundity

title: fertiliteetti


text:
festivaali

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) festival

title: festivaali


text:
gerillasota

Etymology
🇰🇲

Noun

 * 1) guerrilla war

title: gerillasota


text:
happamoitua

Verb

 * 1)  to acidify to turn acidic

title: happamoitua


text:
harkitsemattomasti

Adverb

 * 1) imprudently

title: harkitsemattomasti


text:
hauskannäköinen

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) funny-looking
 * 2)  good-looking, attractive

title: hauskannäköinen


text:
menology

Etymology
Partially from and partially from anglicization of  and, q.v..

Noun

 * 1)  The study of months; the names and system of months within a given calendar.
 * , a monthly record, particularly in Assyriology and certain Christian contexts.
 * 1) * 1892, Richard Stanton, A Menology of England and Wales..., p. 645:
 * In the Mart. of Donegal, this is the day of St. Comgall (Comhgall), placed in the Menology on the 27th June, as having no day.
 * 1) * 2003, Andrew R. George, The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic..., p. 53:
 * The duration of the rites of mourning over nine days is... supported by references in a Standard Babylonian menology...
 * 1)  The content of a menologium, a liturgical calendar or hagiography.
 * 2) * 1992, Waltraut Stein translating Edith Stein as "The Prayer of the Church", Great Catholic Writings, p. 45:
 * Their readings from the holy Scriptures and from the fathers, from the menologies of the church and the teachings of its principal pastors, are a great, continually swelling hymn of praise to the rule of providence and to the progressive actualization of the eternal plan of salvation.
 * 1)  The content of a menologium, a liturgical calendar or hagiography.
 * 2) * 1992, Waltraut Stein translating Edith Stein as "The Prayer of the Church", Great Catholic Writings, p. 45:
 * Their readings from the holy Scriptures and from the fathers, from the menologies of the church and the teachings of its principal pastors, are a great, continually swelling hymn of praise to the rule of providence and to the progressive actualization of the eternal plan of salvation.
 * Their readings from the holy Scriptures and from the fathers, from the menologies of the church and the teachings of its principal pastors, are a great, continually swelling hymn of praise to the rule of providence and to the progressive actualization of the eternal plan of salvation.

title: menology


text:
hedelmämarmeladi

Noun

 * 1) fruit marmalade

title: hedelmämarmeladi


text:
sinappikaasu

Etymology
,

Noun

 * 1) mustard gas

title: sinappikaasu


text:
يانار تاغ

Noun

 * 1) volcano

title: يانار تاغ


text:
sinappiöljy

Noun

 * 1) mustard oil oil extracted from mustard seeds
 * 2) mustard oil organic compound allyl-isothiocyanate

title: sinappiöljy


text:
menologe

Etymology
From, from , q.v..

title: menologe


text:
siunaus

Noun

 * 1) blessing

title: siunaus


text:
soodavesi

Noun

 * 1) soda water

title: soodavesi


text:
sopukka

Noun

 * 1) corner, nook

title: sopukka


text:
sorsastaa

Verb

 * 1)  to hunt for ducks

title: sorsastaa


text:
User talk:Circeus/2008-1

Hello, Circeus, and thanks for registering. It helps those of us watching tremendously. Regarding etymonline, it is a wonderful source, but it is copyright, so please take care to use it appropriately.

I have added some standard welcome text below for your reference. It includes formatting tips and such that you may wish to review, even though I see you have Wikipedia experience. --Dvortygirl 29 June 2005 17:03 (UTC)

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * Wiktionary Tutorial
 * Community Portal
 * Entry layout explained
 * Criteria for inclusion
 * FAQ
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 * Wiktionary Sandbox (a safe place for testing syntax)

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk (discussion) and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~, which automatically produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the beer parlour or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!

Etymonline
Circeus,

Etymonline is an excellent source for etymological information, but please recognize that it is copyrighted. That means that while you can incorporate material from it, you should not copy directly. Please use caution when using sources to make sure that you have added to or modified the material sufficiently to avoid copyright violations. Thanks. --Dvortygirl 4 July 2005 22:25 (UTC)

Template:fr-verb
Just noting what you are playing with, a few things:
 * 1) it would be better to call it fr-form-of (or whatever), fr-verb looks like what one would use on the inflection line
 * 2) the # have to be outside the template, in the page wikitext, else it doesn't look like a definition line to most tools
 * 3) wouldn't it be easier to call  for each case? that's what it is there for, so you don't have to do all the span tag stuff ;-)

Robert Ullmann 15:28, 13 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't think I can place the # outside the template. That would defeat the idea to make it cover multiple homographic forms, such as the 3 listed at gouge, which is why I created it in the first place.
 * I will see about adding and using a better name once I'm done with the basic implementation (I think I can only implement reasonably well the first and second regular conjugation. My conjugation books analyses ca. 80 different conjugation sets o_O). Circeus 15:56, 13 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Not putting the # outside the template is not an option. The # MUST be in the page wikitext, not in the template. Robert Ullmann 15:59, 13 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Oh, silly me. I should be able to just remove the first one when there are multiples. I'll test that when I'm done with -ir verbs.
 * Oh, and I had no idea about . I've been copy-pasting from what was added tomy forms in gouge. If I'd known, I would have used them (I love a good template, although imbrication sometimes drive me batty). Circeus 16:01, 13 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Yup, works that way. Now to implement ... Circeus 16:11, 13 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Aaaand done. It's at now. Is it better? I'm testing it on the verb forms of gouger right now and it works superbly so far. Circeus 17:02, 13 August 2007 (UTC)

 * The form-of templates are not language specific, as far as I am aware. They should not be prefixed with the language code. Also, you will need a separate template for each form. DAVilla 09:59, 15 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Strike: While I believe this to be true, it may not apply to your template anyway. DAVilla 13:59, 16 August 2007 (UTC)

vendre
Hi, I was wondering if you could take a look at the conjugation of vendre (or any other verb using )? Right now it claims the third-person plural passé simple ends in -îrent, but I was pretty sure it actually ended in -irent (i.e., that the circumflex only appeared in the first- and second-persons plural). Thanks in advance! —Ruakh TALK 22:26, 17 August 2007 (UTC)

 * O.K., that's what I thought. Thanks again. :-)  —Ruakh TALK 23:20, 17 August 2007 (UTC)

Wiktionary:Words in the News
If adding words to this page is something you enjoy and plan to do regularly, you ought to place your name on the task list at WT:DW, just so that people know someone is actively helping with that page. SemperBlotto used to update it regularly, but has not done so for the past few months. --EncycloPetey 19:53, 19 August 2007 (UTC)

Brya
Merci beaucoup Circeus nl:Gebruiker:Jcwf

Etymology templates
Hi,

Note that etymology templates take a parameter specifying the language to categorize by; so, for example, if should use, not just. (This way it gets added to Category:fr:Gaulish derivations rather than Category:Gaulish derivations.)

Thanks! —Ruakh TALK 19:48, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

gouger
Greetings. I noticed that the pages you made from gouger (e.g. gougé) are all wrong. Please rectify this. Were you using a bot to create those entries? --Totemo 14:39, 17 September 2007 (UTC)

 * The template used at gougé was changed in a way that broke pages already using it. They'll be taken care of in a day or two. In the meantime, feel free to fix any you come across by changing (for example)  to  . —Ruakh TALK 15:40, 17 September 2007 (UTC)

 * They're all fixed now. Sorry that took so long! (The good news is, my bot is now operational, so any future such things will be handled much more quickly.) —Ruakh TALK 04:47, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

Around here too
Hey, Petey! I didn't know you hanged around here too. Circeus 05:25, 27 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Actually, I do more work here on Wiktionary than on Wikipedia, and have been active here longer. On Wiktionary, I'm an admin, maintain the Word of the Day, add and clean up Latin entries, organize topical categories, started several Appendix pages, and so forth.  I used to be more active on Wikipedia (mostly sorting stubs), but took a long break from serious contributions to WP.  --EncycloPetey 04:59, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

Headers
Our "additonal information" section headers are usually plural, so it should always be Related terms and Usage notes, even if there is just one term or just one note. The consistency makes bot-cleanup easier. --EncycloPetey 02:44, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

Quotations
Style note (after aeeing the nice quotes you added to Sisyphean]]): we put made-up example sentences in italics; actual quotes are not italicized unless the source was. --EncycloPetey 05:45, 17 December 2007 (UTC)

edittools
Ah, I should have been clearer. You need to add to User:Circeus/monobook.js. Sorry for the inconvenience. Conrad.Irwin 00:54, 29 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Ok, you did, I must have been victim to a stale cache. Can you give more details about the problem. Conrad.Irwin 00:55, 29 December 2007 (UTC)

 * I am not sure why you say it isn't working :), maybe I gave off the wrong vibes about what it does now. All you should see differently is the new "Default" section at the top of your drop down list (top-left of edittools), which (when I do it) is identical to your User:Circeus/edittools page. Conrad.Irwin 01:04, 29 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Ah, I see, a serious bug. Which browser are you using? Do you have javascript turned on? (Also having cookies turned on helps)Conrad.Irwin 01:08, 29 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Sorry for the disappointment, having just booted up firefox 3b2, It doesn't work at all, nor does it give any error messages. I will look into it at some point tomorrow. It does work in FF2, IE6 (thus presumably 7). If you want normal edittools back, then remove my javascript from your page - and it should go back to normal. I will let you know when I fix it. Conrad.Irwin 01:28, 29 December 2007 (UTC)

Fixed!
Hi again, Circeus. I have patched the bug [XmlHttpRequest.send doesn't work, you have to use XmlHttpRequest.send( '' );]. And so you should be able to use this now. Thank you for being patient, and when it next completely breaks and fails, let me know and I will try and fix it again. Conrad.Irwin 13:21, 29 December 2007 (UTC)

hinder
Happy New Year! When you have a moment, could you please add French translations to the entry for hinder? Do watch out for edit conflicts, though, since I'm asking several folks for help with this. --EncycloPetey 20:23, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

alternate universe
You're right, Circeus. That was sarcasm. -- WikiPedant 03:03, 18 January 2008 (UTC)

trépigner
Hi. Sorry for the apparent reverting we've been doing.....my thinking was that it's normal here to have foreign-language defs as glosses rather than definitions, and therefore starting with a lower-case letter and ending without a full stop – unless the definition is actually a full sentence. That's certainly how most French entries are formatted. It has been discussed in the Beer Parlour before, although I can't seem to find the link right now. Does that bother you? Widsith 20:48, 20 January 2008 (UTC)

Hi
I'm not banned from Wiktionary, only from Wikipedia, so I was wondering what I could do to improve this site. Connell66 01:31, 10 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Thanks. :) Connell66 01:52, 10 February 2008 (UTC)

Appendix:List of Greek words with English derivatives
You had mentioned that you might possibly have some interest in wikifying this page, but were unsure of the format. As I see it, the only thing that remains is to link the grc words in the first column. The verbs need to be changed to the present active indicative first person singular (as they largely seem to be the present active infinitive currently). Basically that means that, for all the verbs that end with -ειν, the -ειν should be replaced with an ω (this won't be the case for all verbs, but it'll work for most of 'em.) Anything that doesn't end with -ειν feel free to simply leave and I'll take care of them (I guess I have no idea how much grc you know, and so am assuming none, if this is not the case, I apologize for being so didactic). The second and fourth columns are simply romanizations, and should not be wikified. The third columns are root forms (not words) and so should not be wikified either. I suppose the meanings could be wikified as well, if you feel ambitious. Also, I feel obligated to tell you that I plan on using this appendix as a Request Page, and nominating it for deletion once all the words have entries, so if you do end up wikifying it, I would advise not putting too much effort into it. Atelaes 17:51, 10 February 2008 (UTC)

Admin
So I just realized that you weren't an admin, and was wondering if you'd have any interest in becoming one. Atelaes 02:36, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Fair enough. Atelaes 03:35, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Are you sure you wouldn't want to be an admin? It has no actual responsibilities, but it does give you a few powers that enable you to efficiently patrol, delete bad stuff, block vandals when no one else is around, etc. DCDuring TALK 17:24, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

en-noun
We are rethinking the whole thing, you are probably right tho ;) - 02:08, 14 February 2008 (UTC)

agressif
...is the correct spelling in French, not aggressif, apparently. --Keene 23:40, 15 February 2008 (UTC)

Reinserting macrons in Latin links
I was wondering why in editting proscription you re-inserted all the macrons in links that I had just taken out? That is the policy: About Latin. --Bequw → ¢ • τ 16:30, 25 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Keep in mind that Latin is not written with macrons; they are an affectation of dictionaries and "readers". Why we allow them outside of Pronunciation sections is a mystery. (Well, not mysterious, it is the result of one editor insisting that we do like all the dictionaries do. Never mind how Latin is written...) Robert Ullmann 16:36, 25 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Actually, it is a result of all the Latin editors here, and this is what they do on the Latin Wiktionary. --EncycloPetey 00:00, 15 March 2008 (UTC)

Translations
please don't remove sections just because they're empty. Many of our users do not speak Enlgish as a first language, and having the sections set up for them is a courtesy to them. --EncycloPetey 23:59, 14 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Then I would suggest raising that issue in the Beer Parlour. It is currently common practice to set up the section for ease of adding translations. --EncycloPetey 00:04, 15 March 2008 (UTC)

bundle
this. You can't just remove meaning because you don't like it, especially if it's already in one of the translation tables(!). Use formal process such as to question it. Also, if a number of translations is already queued to be checked, please don't remove empty sections - they were most likely deliberately set up by the same dude that queued up translations for checking to save the time for others (especially ESL speakers). --Ivan Štambuk 00:10, 15 March 2008 (UTC)

ironwood
I don't understand your point about this. Please explain. I recognize that ironwood is used to refer to trees other that Carpinus caroliniana. I am uncertain how to present the association between ironwood and the C. c. entry visibly on the ironwood page. What would you suggest? DCDuring TALK 15:51, 15 March 2008 (UTC)

coon
Per this edit, do you have any advice on distinguishing "informal" from "colloquial", or do you prefer the one term over the other? Also, how could one be sure that a sense isn't dated? DAVilla 08:13, 20 March 2008 (UTC)

food coma
I was wondering at the use of the in this edit. My understanding of the use of jocular is when the term's usage is exclusively jocular; that there is no extant use other than in humorous writing. Yet a cursory Google search finds a high percentage of health-related, that is serious, uses of the term. Incidentally, the term jocular is not defined in the glossary, so is it a useful descriptor to use officially? - Amgine/talk 16:10, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

 * "Informal use" implies there is also a "formal use". Unless there is an actual formal term, there cannot be an informal one. Thus our difference of opinion regarding the application of that contextual tag. I would suggest, however, the number of google hits implies the term is at least in common parlance and thus at least colloquial. - Amgine/talk 17:46, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I think we'll continue to disagree regarding the formal/informal circumstance. I noticed that google books has only 4 hits for the exact phrase "meal lethargy", which includes mid-meal lethargy, post-meal lethargy, and after-meal lethargy, while it has 98 hits for "food coma". Furthermore, the food coma quotes are in both fiction and non-fiction applications, the latter being primarily cooking, dieting, and eating-disorder texts. - Amgine/talk 03:31, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

fabulous?
this a Slip of the tongue? "In the sense of "wonderfool", the word has become associated with gay men" Keene 21:32, 11 April 2008 (UTC)

cas d'école
Can you make anything of cas d'école? It seems to be a bad translatinon of something. Keene 09:57, 13 April 2008 (UTC)

Romance language verb cleanup project
I'd like to invite you to participate in a community effort to improve the quality of common verbs in Romance languages. I've started a project page at User:EncycloPetey/Latin verbs. The plan to select (or have someone select) one or two new "verbs" each week for cleanup and expansion beyond the basic content. By "verb", I mean the corresponding entry across several Latin-descended languages, and not simply a single entry. Your help with French entries would be much appreciated. See the project page for more details and the current selection (listed near the top of the page, as well as highlighted in the tables). --EncycloPetey 06:16, 4 May 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Circeus/2008-1


text:
sorsastus

Noun

 * 1) duck hunting

Derived terms

 * compounds

title: sorsastus


text:
boicot

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) boycott

Noun

 * 1) boycott

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) boycott

title: boicot


text:
suolavesi

Noun

 * 1) brine, salt water

title: suolavesi


text:
sydänlanka

Noun

 * 1) wick yarn in a candle that draws up melted stearine, wax etc.

title: sydänlanka


text:
synnytystuska

Noun

 * 1) birth pang

title: synnytystuska


text:
syrjään

Adverb

 * 1) aside

title: syrjään


text:
rasgo

Noun

 * 1) tear break caused by tearing

Etymology 1
where the meaning of sketch or a flourish must have evolved from the idea of tearing.

Noun

 * 1) act, flourish, stroke
 * 2) characteristic, feature, trait

title: rasgo


text:
taikuus

Noun

 * 1) magic

title: taikuus


text:
taituri

Noun

 * 1) master, whiz

title: taituri


text:
unindent

Etymology

 * Originated in the 1980s when computers made it simple for a writer to position text on a page.

Verb

 * 1) To remove the indentation; to move a block of text closer to the left margin.
 * I had to unindent the first line of each paragraph so that my essay would fit onto one side of paper.

title: unindent


text:
tasaisuus

Noun

 * 1) flatness, smoothness

title: tasaisuus


text:
User talk:Ta.nguyen

Conrad.Irwin 20:53, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ta.nguyen


text:
ھەپتە

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) week

title: ھەپتە


text:
acidificar

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to acidify

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to acidify to make something acidic

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to acidify

title: acidificar


text:
planicidad

Noun

 * 1) flatness

title: planicidad


text:
tihkuinen

Adjective

 * 1) drizzly

title: tihkuinen


text:
tinakannu

Noun

 * 1) tin-pot

title: tinakannu


text:
menaion

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) The annual fixed liturgical cycle of services used in the Eastern Orthodox and Greek-Catholic Churches, containing a list of the services and large collection of liturgical texts for an entire month. Twelve volumes are usually offered for the year, as a set known as the menaia.

Synonyms

 * Menologium, menology

Derived terms

 * General Menaion - a book which contains services for each type of celebration (apostles, martyrs, etc.) with blank spaces for the name of the saint being celebrated.
 * Festal Menaion - an anthology which contains the texts for those Great Feasts of the Lord or the Theotokos which fall on the fixed cycle, and optionally feasts of the major saints.

Translations

 * Greek: Μηναίον
 * Old Church Slavonic: Минеѧ
 * Polish: Mineja
 * Russian: Минея

title: menaion


text:
dramatización

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) dramatization

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) dramatization

title: dramatización


text:
begeotan

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬 (🇨🇬). Compare 🇨🇬 (🇨🇬).

Verb

 * 1) to pour over, soak
 * 2) to anoint, besprinkle, drench, cover with, bestrew with

title: begeotan


text: begoten

title: begoten


text:
ambilevous

Alternative forms

 * ambilævous
 * ambilaevous

Etymology
First attested in English in 1646 : from ( + ), a calque of  from  +.

Adjective

 * 1)   Having equally bad ability in both hands; clumsy; butterfingered.

Synonyms

 * ambisinistrous

Antonyms

 * ambidextrous

title: ambilevous


text:
menaia

Noun

 * 1)  Often refers to a set of twelve volumes of meniaon.

title: menaia


text: Menologia

title: Menologia


text:
nenúfar

Noun

 * 1) nenuphar; water lily

Etymology
, from, , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) water lily, white waterlily

title: nenúfar


text:
Talk:唐人

Needs additional languages
This term is used to mean "Chinese people" in Cantonese, Hakka, and Min Nan. Needs Cantonese, Hakka, and Min Nan. 24.29.228.33 21:40, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

Needs pinyin
Mandarin needs pinyin. 71.66.97.228 08:11, 5 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Entry has been updated. Jamesjiao → T ◊ C 22:53, 2 January 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:唐人


text:
ambilævous

Adjective

 * 1) * 1879, Henry Power and Leonard William Sedgwick of the New Sydenham Society, The New Sydenham Society’s Lexicon of Medicine and the Allied Sciences: (based on Mayne’s Lexicon) (1881 republication), volume 1 (The New Sydenham Society)
 * Ambilævous, Having left hands only; that is, clumsy.
 * Ambilævous, Having left hands only; that is, clumsy.

title: ambilævous


text:
abyssal fish

Noun

 * 1) Any fish that lives below a depth of 2000 meters.

Translations

 * Finnish: syvänmerenkala
 * Italian: pesce abissale

title: abyssal fish


text:
das Handtuch werfen

Etymology
lit. 'to throw the towel'.

Verb

 * 1)  to throw in the towel

title: das Handtuch werfen


text:
alarm substance

Noun

 * 1)  A chemical emitted from the skin of a fish after an injury that warns nearby fish of danger.

title: alarm substance


text:
愛撫

Verb

 * 1) to show tender care for
 * 2) to caress

Noun

 * 1) caress

Noun

 * 1) a caress

Verb

 * 1) caress, pet
 * 2) * 1949, 豊島与志雄, 山上湖:

title: 愛撫


text: あいぶ

title: あいぶ


text:
aibu

Etymology
From. .

Noun

 * 1) fault, blame

Etymology
From Pre-Nauruan *-bˠugiua, from.

Numeral

 * 1) hundred
 * 2) the number 100

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) shame, disgrace

Derived terms

 * -aibisha

title: aibu


text:
Elektrolyse

Noun

 * 1)  electrolysis

title: Elektrolyse


text:
Elektrode

Noun

 * 1) electrode

title: Elektrode


text:
Gänseleberpastete

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) foie gras

title: Gänseleberpastete


text:
chocolatine

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) pain au chocolat

Etymology
From.

title: chocolatine


text:
Panzerung

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) armour
 * 2) armouring

title: Panzerung


text:
ھايات

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) life

title: ھايات


text:
gepanzert

Adjective

 * 1) armored

title: gepanzert


text:
đinh hương

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) clove
 * 2) lilac
 * 3) orientation

title: đinh hương


text:
bát hương

Noun

 * 1) incense burner, incense bowl, joss stick bowl

title: bát hương


text:
Schnabeltier

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) platypus,

title: Schnabeltier


text:
Kloakentier

Noun

 * 1) monotreme

title: Kloakentier


text:
Talk:Gaia

I hear Gaia is a realigion that sees humans as paracites to earth. Very interesting.

title: Talk:Gaia


text: brainstormings

title: brainstormings


text: Themse

title: Themse


text:
trầm hương

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) agarwood

title: trầm hương


text:
nhựa

Etymology
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬 [Cuang] krɲaʔ ("resin used to catch animals").

The adjectival sense derived from the stickiness/viscosity of resin.

Noun

 * 1) resin; gum; sap
 * 2) plastic

Adjective

 * 1)  overly attached

title: nhựa


text:
one country, two systems

Etymology
as part of the People's Republic of China proposal to reunify Taiwan. .

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * German: ein Land, zwei Systeme
 * Japanese: 一国二制度
 * Vietnamese: một quốc gia, hai chế độ

title: one country, two systems


text: INBD

title: INBD


text:
mýbit

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) the bite of a midge or blackfly

title: mýbit


text:
Kronprinz

Etymology
From 🇰🇲.

title: Kronprinz


text:
Talk:ا

...if you, however, think a discussion about the edit would make more sense than ruthlessly blocking me, feel free to do so here. -- Prince Kassad 23:35, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

 * This article is about alif, not kasra, damma or fatha. The forms I’ve chosen are for visual benefit. Also, the usage in question is for alif of prolongation, and the forms you are trying to put are for liaison or alif al-wasli, which only occurs at the beginning of a word. Alif of prolongation always follows another consonant, and the alif itself cannot carry a vowel point. The vowel goes on the preceding consonant. If you want to add a section about alif al-wasli, you may do so, but what is here now is about alif of prolongation. Stop reverting it or I will protect the page from further tampering. —Stephen 01:15, 1 August 2008 (UTC)
 * This explains everything. The wording on the page makes one think the vowels are actually supposed to connect with Alif, even though you said that's not the case. -- Prince Kassad 13:54, 1 August 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:ا


text:
User talk:Edmond~enwiktionary

bolshy
Please note that this is not Wikipedia. You are currently on Wiktionary, a dictionary web site. If you would like to add a word and its definition, then you are welcome to do so. Encyclopedic articles, such as the one you entered, belong on an encyclopedia web site, such as Wikipedia. Thanks. --EncycloPetey 23:42, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Edmond. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Edmond~enwiktionary that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:44, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 07:04, 21 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Edmond~enwiktionary


text:
ھېكايە

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) story

title: ھېكايە


text: User:Stephen G. Brown/edittools

title: User:Stephen G. Brown/edittools


text:
Talk:marang htu sana maw sai i

Capitalization
Should the first word be capitalized? 24.29.228.33 23:48, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

Phrase
Is this sentence suitable for Wiktionary? We don't have the equivalent English entry is it going to rain?. 24.29.228.33 23:48, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

Now I see we do have that English entry. Strange. 24.29.228.33 23:49, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:marang htu sana maw sai i


text:
ھەيكەل

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) statue

title: ھەيكەل


text:
مۈشۈك

Noun

 * 1) cat

title: مۈشۈك


text:
mýmargur

Etymology
From. Referring to how many midges are in a swarm.

Adjective

 * 1) uncountable, countless

title: mýmargur


text:
لۇغەت

Etymology
From, plural of.

Noun

 * 1) dictionary
 * 2) lexicon, vocabulary
 * 1) lexicon, vocabulary

title: لۇغەت


text: mǐfěn

title: mǐfěn


text:
料酒

Noun

 * 1) liaojiu

title: 料酒


text:
visually impaired

Adjective

 * 1) Partly or wholly blind.

Synonyms

 * vision impaired,

Translations

 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἀμβλυωπός,  τυφλός
 * Hungarian:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Portuguese: deficiente visual
 * Russian:

title: visually impaired


text: Template:User ug-1

title: Template:User ug-1


text: Category:User ug-1

title: Category:User ug-1


text:
deafblind

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) Unable to see and hear.

Related terms

 * deafblindness

Translations

 * Catalan: sordcec
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 盲聾
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:
 * French: sourd et aveugle
 * German:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian: siketvak
 * Italian:
 * Polish: głucho-niewidomy
 * Romanian: surd și orb
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: sordociego
 * Swedish:

title: deafblind


text: Category:User ug

title: Category:User ug


text:
黄酒

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) huangjiu beverage

title: 黄酒


text: huángjiǔ

title: huángjiǔ


text:
housetrain

Alternative forms

 * house train, house-train

Verb

 * 1)  To teach (a domestic pet) to urinate and defecate outside or in a designated location in the home.

Synonyms

 * housebreak

title: housetrain


text: báijiǔ

title: báijiǔ


text:
波本威士忌

Noun

 * 1) bourbon (whiskey)

title: 波本威士忌