text: alfalipoproteinas

title: alfalipoproteinas


text: amelogeninas

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: amelogeninas


text: angiotensinas

title: angiotensinas


text: angiotensinógenos

title: angiotensinógenos


text: antitrombinas

title: antitrombinas


text: calmodulinas

title: calmodulinas


text: caseínas

title: caseínas


text: catepsinas

title: catepsinas


text: caveolinas

title: caveolinas


text: cianinas

title: cianinas


text: ciclinas

title: ciclinas


text: ciclofilinas

title: ciclofilinas


text: cohesinas

title: cohesinas


text:
sommigen

Etymology
From.

Pronoun

 * 1) some people

title: sommigen


text: colágenos

title: colágenos


text:
雪蘭莪

Etymology
Borrowed from.

title: 雪蘭莪


text: condensinas

title: condensinas


text: conexinas

title: conexinas


text: conquiolinas

title: conquiolinas


text:
uitgebracht

Adjective

 * 1) released

title: uitgebracht


text: breng uit

title: breng uit


text: uitbreng

title: uitbreng


text: brengt uit

title: brengt uit


text: cromoproteínas

title: cromoproteínas


text: crotoxinas

title: crotoxinas


text: uitbrengt

title: uitbrengt


text: cucumisinas

title: cucumisinas


text: Category:ia:Names

title: Category:ia:Names


text: brengen uit

title: brengen uit


text: desnaturalizaciones

title: desnaturalizaciones


text: bracht uit

title: bracht uit


text: dineínas

title: dineínas


text: uitbracht

title: uitbracht


text: distroglicanos

title: distroglicanos


text: elastinas

title: elastinas


text: brachten uit

title: brachten uit


text: espectrinas

title: espectrinas


text: uitbrachten

title: uitbrachten


text: estatminas

title: estatminas


text: uitbrengend

title: uitbrengend


text: fetoproteínas

title: fetoproteínas


text: fibrilinas

title: fibrilinas


text: uitbrengende

title: uitbrengende


text: brenge uit

title: brenge uit


text: uitbrenge

title: uitbrenge


text:
Talk:tofu

Countability
Is it really countable? Sounds strange to me. Tooironic 01:10, 24 October 2009 (UTC)

 * It can be countable when it means something like "order of tofu". For instance, if two people in a restaurant order tofu, the waiter will bring two tofus (two orders, two dishes). It’s the same as waters, beers, caviars, etc. —Stephen 15:07, 24 October 2009 (UTC)

 * As best as I can tell, it is NOT countable. You are making two orders of tofu, not two tofus.  You need the measure word.  218.170.63.172 14:08, 6 March 2010 (UTC)

 * But it is used with the -s, and we need to document that. Proof: Equinox ◑ 22:41, 27 March 2016 (UTC)

Characters
Properly speaking, the word "tofu" shouldn't be used to refer to unknown or unrecognized characters. Instead, use the word "geta", derived from Japanese "geta kigo" (aka U+3013). Dmacgr 22 (talk) 22:40, 27 March 2016 (UTC)
 * FWIW, I work in a Japanese company, and I've heard the term for years, used to refer to this phenomenon.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 22:49, 26 October 2020 (UTC)

French tofou
Apparently tofou is an alternative spelling of French tofu. Wikipedia suggests it may be a Quebec thing. Equinox ◑ 18:55, 4 April 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:tofu


text: schilderend

title: schilderend


text: schilderende

title: schilderende


text:
schildere

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  shield maker
 * 2) someone who paints the coat of arms on a shield
 * 3) painter, someone who paints

title: schildere


text: kopietjes

title: kopietjes


text: 炒面

title: 炒面


text: uitgebrachte

title: uitgebrachte


text:
炒麵

Noun

 * 1) stir-fried noodles; chow mein
 * 2) parched wheat flour
 * 1) parched wheat flour

Verb

 * 1) to fry noodles; to make a stir fry

title: 炒麵


text: experimenteer

title: experimenteer


text: experimenteert

title: experimenteert


text: 炒麪

title: 炒麪


text: experimenteerde

title: experimenteerde


text: experimenteerden

title: experimenteerden


text: geëxperimenteerd

title: geëxperimenteerd


text: experimenterend

title: experimenterend


text: experimenterende

title: experimenterende


text: experimentere

title: experimentere


text: ga op

title: ga op


text: opga

title: opga


text: gaat op

title: gaat op


text: opgaat

title: opgaat


text: gaan op

title: gaan op


text: ging op

title: ging op


text: opging

title: opging


text: gingen op

title: gingen op


text: opgingen

title: opgingen


text: opgaand

title: opgaand


text: fibrinas

title: fibrinas


text: opgaande

title: opgaande


text: fibrinógenos

title: fibrinógenos


text: fibronectinas

title: fibronectinas


text: fitohemaglutininas

title: fitohemaglutininas


text: gliadinas

title: gliadinas


text: glicoproteínas

title: glicoproteínas


text: glutenes

title: glutenes


text: gluteninas

title: gluteninas


text: hemaglutininas

title: hemaglutininas


text: hemoglobinas

title: hemoglobinas


text: hidroxiprolinas

title: hidroxiprolinas


text: histonas

title: histonas


text: inhibinas

title: inhibinas


text: integrinas

title: integrinas


text: interferones

title: interferones


text: iodopsinas

title: iodopsinas


text: keratinas

title: keratinas


text: kinesinas

title: kinesinas


text: lactoalbúminas

title: lactoalbúminas


text: lamininas

title: lamininas


text: lectinas

title: lectinas


text: miosinas

title: miosinas


text: miostatinas

title: miostatinas


text: nitrogenasas

title: nitrogenasas


text: nucleoporinas

title: nucleoporinas


text: ovoalbúminas

title: ovoalbúminas


text: peptonas

title: peptonas


text: perilipinas

title: perilipinas


text: pertactinas

title: pertactinas


text:
קין

Etymology
Possibly from the verb

Proper noun

 * 1) Cain, the son of Adam.
 * 2) A collective term for the Kenites, a biblical ethnic group.
 * 1) A collective term for the Kenites, a biblical ethnic group.

Etymology 1
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) chin

Etymology 2
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) Cain, the son of Adam.

title: קין


text: pikachurinas

title: pikachurinas


text: plastocianinas

title: plastocianinas


text: polipéptidos

title: polipéptidos


text: queratinas

title: queratinas


text: reelinas

title: reelinas


text: renalasas

title: renalasas


text: securinas

title: securinas


text: segurinas

title: segurinas


text: seroalbúminas

title: seroalbúminas


text: taumatinas

title: taumatinas


text: telosomas

title: telosomas


text: transferrinas

title: transferrinas


text: tropomiosinas

title: tropomiosinas


text: troponinas

title: troponinas


text: tubulinas

title: tubulinas


text: ubicuitinas

title: ubicuitinas


text: ubiquitinaciones

title: ubiquitinaciones


text:
tanana

Etymology 1
Ultimately from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  hand of humans
 * 2) leg of animals

Etymology 2
Ultimately from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) city
 * 2) town

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  a Gypsy dance

title: tanana


text: ubiquitinas

title: ubiquitinas


text: vimentinas

title: vimentinas


text: vinculinas

title: vinculinas


text: visfatinas

title: visfatinas


text: yodopsinas

title: yodopsinas


text:
efatra

Etymology
From, from.

title: efatra


text:
dimy

Etymology
From, from.

title: dimy


text:
enina

Etymology
From, from.

title: enina


text:
sivy

Etymology
From, from.

title: sivy


text:
Talk:mijnheer

Is there an Afrikaans usage of this word to mean clouds - possibly (if improbably) related to the term Menhir? I seem to remember a joke about an Afrikaans lady mistranslating it as "manure" at a party where she commented on clouds that were rolling down off the berg. 210.50.143.21 02:43, 24 October 2009 (UTC) Ian Ison

title: Talk:mijnheer


text:
iray

Noun

 * 1) year

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) single

Numeral

 * 1)  one

Verb

 * 1) to unite, join, combine

Derived terms
Verbal

Nominal

title: iray


text:
Talk:奇

Mandarin readings
Can it be added in which contexts the two different Mandarin readings are used? 24.29.228.33 02:55, 24 October 2009 (UTC)

Done. 173.88.243.210 11:55, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:奇


text:
apandisit

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  appendicitis inflammation of the vermiform appendix

title: apandisit


text:
sordera

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) deafness

title: sordera


text:
אַלטער קאַקער

Etymology
lit. 'old shitter'

Noun

 * 1)  old fart, old fogey, geezer

title: אַלטער קאַקער


text:
ウォークマン

Noun

 * 1) walkman (any personal cassette player)

title: ウォークマン


text:
Talk:萤光

Additional definition?
Can this also mean "fluoresce"? 24.29.228.33 03:07, 24 October 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:萤光


text:
doorbreken

Etymology 1
From. Equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1)  to break, break through, break in half

Etymology 2
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to break through

title: doorbreken


text:
breke

Verb

 * 1) to bleat

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1) to bleat

Etymology
From, from. Cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to break
 * 2)  to vomit; to throw up

title: breke


text:
πόσο μάλλον

Phrase

 * 1) let alone, to say nothing of

title: πόσο μάλλον


text:
не говоря уже о

Conjunction

 * 1) let alone, to say nothing of

title: не говоря уже о


text: 饭馆

title: 饭馆


text: artiesten

title: artiesten


text:
glorieus

Etymology
From, variant of , from , from. Equivalent to.

Adjective

 * 1) glorious

Adjective

 * 1) glorious

title: glorieus


text: 霍尼亚拉

title: 霍尼亚拉


text: studeer af

title: studeer af


text: afstudeer

title: afstudeer


text: studeert af

title: studeert af


text: afstudeert

title: afstudeert


text: studeren af

title: studeren af


text: studeerde af

title: studeerde af


text:
tiédasse

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) warmish

title: tiédasse


text: afstudeerde

title: afstudeerde


text: studeerden af

title: studeerden af


text: afstudeerden

title: afstudeerden


text: afgestudeerd

title: afgestudeerd


text: afstuderend

title: afstuderend


text: afstuderende

title: afstuderende


text: studere af

title: studere af


text:
雙陸棋

Noun

 * 1) backgammon

title: 雙陸棋


text: afstudere

title: afstudere


text:
muzikaal

Adjective

 * 1) musical
 * 2) musically gifted
 * Hij is erg muzikaal - He has great musical talent.

title: muzikaal


text: muzikaler

title: muzikaler


text: muzikaalst

title: muzikaalst


text: muzikale

title: muzikale


text: muzikalere

title: muzikalere


text: muzikaalste

title: muzikaalste


text:
断食

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) fast, fasting. Abstaining from food.

Verb

 * 1) to fast, to abstain from food

title: 断食


text:
絶食

Noun

 * 1) fast, fasting. Abstinence from food.

Verb

 * 1) fast, abstain from food

title: 絶食


text: serieuzer

title: serieuzer


text: serieust

title: serieust


text: serieuze

title: serieuze


text: serieuzere

title: serieuzere


text: serieuste

title: serieuste


text:
keninkryk

Etymology
From, from , form. Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) kingdom

title: keninkryk


text:
keizerryk

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) empire

title: keizerryk


text:
apparatuur

Etymology
Borrowed from, from. Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) equipment, esp. a set of devices
 * 2)  paraphernalia, appareil, usually in reference to leather

title: apparatuur


text: acábame

title: acábame


text:
pot mod

Etymology
Abbreviation from "potentiometer modification".

Verb

 * 1) To modify the potentiometer of a laser so as to increase its power output above safer conventional levels, a practice among handheld laser enthusiasts and some manufacturers.
 * The laser was pot modded, so eventually its diode burned out with overuse.

title: pot mod


text:
silvicoltore

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) forester, silviculturist

title: silvicoltore


text: silvicoltrice

title: silvicoltrice


text:
selvicoltore

Etymology
From.

title: selvicoltore


text: selvicoltrice

title: selvicoltrice


text:
rinnovabilità

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) renewability

title: rinnovabilità


text:
prelevabile

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) that can be withdrawn, that can be drawn
 * 2) that can be taken, that can be collected

title: prelevabile


text:
silvicolturale

Adjective

 * 1) silvicultural

title: silvicolturale


text: selvicolturale

title: selvicolturale


text: slaapkamers

title: slaapkamers


text: slaapkamertje

title: slaapkamertje


text: slaapkamertjes

title: slaapkamertjes


text:
frustratie

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) frustration

title: frustratie


text: frustraties

title: frustraties


text:
soprassuolo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  topsoil

title: soprassuolo


text:
signalling event

Alternative forms

 * event

Noun

 * 1) A transmitter encodes data by producing a signal which is a continuous stream of signalling events each which has sufficient information for the receiver to recover the original data. Just like a quantum leap is the smallest measurable leap, a signalling event is the smallest possible amount of signal that the receiver needs to recover the original data without error.
 * 2)  A change of the state of a communication channel, each state representing a symbol that is to be transmitted.

Translations

 * Finnish: signaalinmuutos

title: signalling event


text:
ecosistemico

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) ecosystemic

title: ecosistemico


text: platencontract

title: platencontract


text: platencontracten

title: platencontracten


text:
opinione pubblica

Noun

 * 1) public opinion

title: opinione pubblica


text:
Kaapstad

Etymology
From.

Etymology
Compound of 🇰🇲, referring to.

title: Kaapstad


text: verplichtingen

title: verplichtingen


text: overtuigde

title: overtuigde


text: overtuigden

title: overtuigden


text: overtuigend

title: overtuigend


text: overtuigende

title: overtuigende


text: overtuige

title: overtuige


text: hintte

title: hintte


text: hintten

title: hintten


text: gehint

title: gehint


text:
dwaalgast

Etymology
From. Compare.

Noun

 * 1)  vagrant animal occurring outside its species' usual range, usually a vagrant bird

title: dwaalgast


text: dwaalgasten

title: dwaalgasten


text: boontje

title: boontje


text: Category:Italian terms prefixed with freno-


text:
eentonigheid

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) monotony, dullness

title: eentonigheid


text:
frenologico

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) phrenological

title: frenologico


text:
frenologo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) phrenologist

title: frenologo


text:
ijzeren

Adjective

 * 1) iron (made out of iron)

title: ijzeren


text:
freno-motore

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) engine brake

title: freno-motore


text:
frenopatia

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  mental illness

title: frenopatia


text:
frenotomia

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  frenotomy

title: frenotomia


text:
frigo-

Etymology
From.

title: frigo-


text:
frigobar

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) minibar

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  minibar

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  minibar

title: frigobar


text: Category:Italian terms prefixed with frigo-


text:
frigocongelatore

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) fridge-freezer

title: frigocongelatore


text:
frigoconservazione

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) refrigeration (especially of food)

title: frigoconservazione


text:
frigorista

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) refrigeration engineer

title: frigorista


text: potty-training

title: potty-training


text: funghi-

title: funghi-


text: Category:Italian terms prefixed with funghi-


text:
fungi-

Etymology
Borrowed from, the nominative plural of.

Prefix

 * 1) fungi (mushrooms, yeasts, and so on)

title: fungi-


text: Category:Italian terms prefixed with fungi-


text:
fungibile

Etymology
, derived from.

Adjective

 * 1) fungible
 * 2)  interchangeable
 * 1)  interchangeable

title: fungibile


text:
fungibilità

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) fungibility

title: fungibilità


text:
taxo

Etymology 1
Frequentative of.

Verb

 * 1) to feel, to touch sharply, to handle
 * 2) to charge, to twit, to reproach, to censure
 * 3) to rate, to appraise, to value, to estimate
 * 4) to judge, to compute, to reckon, to estimate

Etymology 2
From, from , probably from after the badger's construction of its setts. See.

Noun

 * 1)  badger

Descendants
See also descendants at.

Usage notes
See explanation at.

title: taxo


text:
taxare

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) taxation

title: taxare


text:
ابرک

Etymology
Diminutive of.

Noun

 * 1) little cloud
 * 2) sponge

title: ابرک


text:
ignorere

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1) ignore

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to ignore (someone / something)

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to ignore (someone / something)

title: ignorere


text: ignorerer

title: ignorerer


text: ignorerede

title: ignorerede


text: ignoreret

title: ignoreret


text:
անուր

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) collar for animals
 * 2)  oppression, yoke

Etymology
The origin is. Perhaps from and cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 (Irish ). According to Martirosyan, we may be dealing with a word.

Ałayan derives from earlier (compare ), from 🇨🇬, grown from the root /, a by-form of, whence , with a sense development “to swell, swelling” → “round” → “ring”, but this is considered untenable by Martirosyan. Ałayan also connects.

Noun

 * 1) ring; collar; necklace
 * 2) collar of the pillory
 * 3)  oppression, yoke
 * 1)  oppression, yoke

Usage notes
In Job, translates.

title: անուր


text:
անրակ

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  clavicle, collarbone

Etymology
From. Modelled on.

Noun

 * 1)  clavicle, collarbone

title: անրակ


text:
苯甲酸鈉

Noun

 * 1)  sodium benzoate

title: 苯甲酸鈉


text:
connubium

Noun

 * 1)  ("marriage", "wedlock").

Derived terms

 * Castī connūbiī (of chaste wedlock)

title: connubium


text:
User talk:Interwicket/2008

New bot for iwikis designed for wiktionary
See the code page for current status. Seems to be working well. Robert Ullmann 23:18, 25 September 2007 (UTC)

Functions
So, I know this bot adds iw links. Does it remove bad links? Does it sort existing lists of links on pages? --EncycloPetey 00:37, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

 * It removes bad links; but it only sorts if it is updating the page (adding/removing). Further, it only moves misplaced iwikis to the end if it is updating. We could do something separate to collect pages that are mis-sorted, and perhaps feed them to AF. Robert Ullmann 00:41, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

 * When it is scanning the XML, it might (or might optionally, so it wouldn't be init overhead each time) generate a list of pages that either had iwikis mis-sorted, or had text after the first wiki, and force the page to be updated when it gets to that point in the titles. I've thought about it a bit. Working now on adding the 100K+ iwikis still missing. Robert Ullmann 07:36, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Updated to sort links if out of order, or not at the end of the entry. Robert Ullmann 14:19, 7 October 2007 (UTC)

vi links, pybot bug
There is a bug in pybot that strips whitespace other than U+0020 from page titles, this caused iwikt.py to lose its place in the vi.wikt this morning when it got to entries starting with U+3000 IDEOGRAPHIC SPACE; as a result it removed some links. Bug fixed, they are being replaced now. Robert Ullmann 06:40, 5 October 2007 (UTC)

VolkovBot
With this bot active, what will become of VolkovBot (which performs the same function)? --EncycloPetey 10:56, 11 October 2007 (UTC)

 * While it generates (some of) the same links, it is doing something different, and useful: it runs on the new pages in a given wikt, and finds the links for it, and adds the reciprocals; it doesn't find old missed links, or remove links in all the cases it should. Interwicket is only adding to the en.wikt; it would be/will be run on other wikts if they want to. So they play well together. It is an advantage to VolkovBot et al that the en.wikt has a complete set (less whatever new entry was just added that it is updating) so it can find them all. It is an advantage to us that we don't have to run multiple passes of iwikt.py -new in between XML dumps to satisfy the people that want new entries quickly interlinked. Robert Ullmann 11:18, 11 October 2007 (UTC)

run status 16 October
Run lasted about two days, stats: 2681069 in union index, 618941 entries, 6891 possible, 6891 updated Robert Ullmann 12:23, 19 October 2007 (UTC)

Bot creates interlanguage links to redirects
See Staff. Surely this is not appropriate? __meco 11:09, 20 January 2008 (UTC)

 * It is doing what it is supposed to; if the FL wikt has the title redirected to another form you will end up there. We don't want to follow the redirect because it may change, become an entry, etc on the FL wikt. (and yes, there is a lot of CS cruft out there) Robert Ullmann 12:18, 20 January 2008 (UTC)

scope of this bot is severely lacking
the running of the RobotGMwikt bot was stopped on the promise that the function of providing interwiki links would be taken over by a more intelligent design. this is good. the RobotGMwikt was stopped as a consequence.

It is extremely disappointing that this bot is a selfish English only project. It is extremely disappointing that some o in the English Wiktionary community are not willing to argue about the way the algorithm of the Interwiki process should be... The only arguments heard so far are based on wishful thinking and not on fact.

Given all this, I am of the opinion that this bot does not qualify for production use.

Thanks, GerardM 09:59, 13 May 2008 (UTC)

 * GerardM, the Wiktionaries are, by design, seperate projects. Whether this is good or bad is another story, but what it means is that we (the English Wiktionarians) can do what we want to the English Wiktionary. In the same way we are happy for other Wiktionaries to do what they want to themselves. I can't see there being a problem with running RobotGMwikt elsewhere - but it seems that some people here do not wish it to be run here.

 * I chatted with Ullmann (quite some time ago now) about using Interwicket on other projects and he seemed amenable to the idea at the time, though obviously only he knows the specifics. I believe the main reason that Interwicket is English-only is because no other project has asked for it. A better way to proceed would be to find out if the other Wiktionaries want to run Interwicket and then to get this to happen. As you are no doubt aware, imposing bots on projects without their consent is not acceptable.

 * In terms of arguing about the way that interwikis should work, there is a topic on the beer parlour in which people are discussing the link-to-redirect issue, if there are other issues you want addressed then feel free to raise them there. Conrad.Irwin 10:23, 13 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree with GerardMs opinion here.
 * Another problem with this bot is that it loads the servers by looking at the databases of all wiktioanries and then only adds link to en.wiktionary. IMHO this is not only selfish, but an unneccessary serverload. Thanks, --birdy (:> )= 10:25, 13 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I have learned about yet another person coming to me who is upset with the attitude of the English on how to do Interwiki work. Again.. there are good reasons to blog this bot. GerardM 15:46, 13 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Birdy: Interwicket only looks at the indexes for all the wikts. Several orders of magnitude less server load than the interwiki.py bot designed for the 'pedias that reads all the pages (utterly uselessly). Robert Ullmann 15:19, 24 May 2008 (UTC)

Note that the only argument we have heard from Gerard is that his way is right just because he is right, and therefore should be imposed on the en.wikt whether we want it or not. He is perfectly capable of running his bot for all other wikts that accept his imposition and not updating en.wikt (nor pl.wikt, which has its own policy re links to ru.wikt). When asked if he knows how to do that, he has steadfastly refused to answer the question (this on IRC). Of course he does, he disabled editing on the pl.wikt; it is simply a matter of removing the username line for en.wikt from user_config.py. Robert Ullmann 15:28, 24 May 2008 (UTC)

I should also note that RobotGMwikt was not stopped because there was a replacement, it was stopped because Gerard (at the time) flatly refused to makes exceptions for pl.wikt. Interwicket was only written because RobotGMwikt was long gone. This is all on the record.

And the code is available for any project. It is, however, designed for fairly large projects; a project with less than perhaps 10K entries might do better with interwiki.py for now. On any scale, however, interwiki.py is horrendously inefficient. (Interwicket by contrast updates all of en.wikt running from a laptop in Nairobi, it simply doesn't need to do that much traffic. ;-)

Birdy: you might note that the interwiki.py bot (that Gerard says he is running), requires that entries from "lesser" languages be linked from one of the big wikts before they will be found. Without reading the indexes, it misses a lot of links. Since Interwicket adds all the links to all of the wikts, other bots running the interwiki.py code will get links they would not otherwise have gotten. Some of the newly expanding wikts would never be linked in unless they run their own bot to add links to en, etc. (Which is why we see numerous such requests from people who do understand how it works.) Robert Ullmann 15:48, 24 May 2008 (UTC)

Removing hsb interwikis
Special:RecentChangesLinked/Category:Upper_Sorbian_adjectives Something is wrong... Maro 17:01, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

 * hsb is missing from List of Wiktionaries. We need to poke mutante. Robert Ullmann 15:50, 24 May 2008 (UTC)

It is included in the list on rank 55 meanwhile. Mutante 22:49, 30 June 2008 (UTC)

 * has been fixed, as now included Robert Ullmann 22:52, 30 June 2008 (UTC)

RE: Base
Why would you put German definitions on an English dictionary? I'm afraid I'm going to have to dispute this. --IdLoveOne 02:43, 5 July 2008 (UTC)

 * We are a dictionary of all words in all languages, defined and described in English. I'd suggest you learn a bit more about who and what we are before "disputing" things. Robert Ullmann 16:28, 6 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Ok, but why two pages for the same word? Shouldn't they be merged?--IdLoveOne 23:41, 7 July 2008 (UTC)

 * No, they shouldn't. the thing remains that base is different than Base.  Please listen to Robert's suggestion, and please take mine -- drop this dispute. --Neskaya talk 23:43, 7 July 2008 (UTC)

 * See my userpage for my reply. --IdLoveOne 00:03, 8 July 2008 (UTC)

No contributions since 26 June 2008
Is this bot now suspended, or replaced by some other bot? -- Gauss 14:45, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

 * It is run after XML dumps. And the XML dump process is stuck, waiting on new fileservers long overdue. Normally, it should run every two-three weeks after each dump, and another time in between on all new entries. Not quite sure what to do at this time. Robert Ullmann 14:51, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

 * It has been that long? Gaak. I'll run it again on new entries at least. (Already did this in June, so it will do a bunch of redundant checking; I'll just have it go slowly; it's a bot, it is patient.) Robert Ullmann 15:28, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Ah, thanks. I was just wondering and saw nowhere more appropriate to ask this question. -- Gauss 20:25, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

Outsourcing
This bot is now running on as sv:User:Conrad.Bot and no:User:Conrad.Bot. Conrad.Irwin 15:03, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Cool. Btw: your comment (at no.wikt) about "missing newly created pages" is not correct: if it finds a page in the home wikt from allpages that it didn't pick up in the XML, and there are any iwikis, it will check and update the page. The -new option tells it to do only this, so if you've already run complete on an XML, and a week or two later with no XML (*sigh*) you can run it on all the new entries. (rechecking the new ones already done, so this gets less and less efficient if repeated) Robert Ullmann 15:13, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Thanks! I should read the small print. Conrad.Bot 15:34, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

gl.
Does Interwicket pick up entries that are on the gl.wikt?—msh210 ℠ 20:32, 10 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Interwicket reads the local xml dump for en.wikt and the AllPages on every other Wiktionary. Whenever it finds a difference between the interwikis in the dump (assuming no interwiki's for a page not in the dump) it updates the en.wikt page. So yes, it will. It doesn't work like the normal interwiki bot (which updates pages as they are added to the wiktionaries) but instead is started manually every now and then, at which point it will bring the entire Wiktionary up to date. (Feel free to correct me if I'm wrong, Ullmann) Conrad.Irwin 20:46, 10 September 2008 (UTC)

 * (note that a page not in the dump is updated, reading it from the wikt and adding all needed links) Robert Ullmann 17:35, 10 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes. Long intervals between XML dumps make it a lot more time consuming, but at present there are two threads, one at about "eg" and one in "с" (in Cyrillic, e.g. скула), updating all of the iwikis. Robert Ullmann 00:19, 11 September 2008 (UTC)

Thanks for the replies.—msh210 ℠ 16:59, 11 September 2008 (UTC)

fix und fertig / fix und fertig sein
Hello. This bot recently removed a crucial interwiki link to the German idiom in the German Wiktionary (here). The difference with or without sein is negligible, just as there is not important whether the entry in English is on the go or be on the go (always with the verb be). Can this problem be fixed so that the interwiki link cease to be removed? Bogorm 19:58, 7 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Interwiki links should always point to the exact same form on the other Wiktionary. The way that two idioms are identified as equivalent is by having a redirect from one to the other; then [[fix und fertig]] would have an interwiki link to [[:de:fix und fertig]] which would redirect to [[:de:fix und fertig sein]] which would have an interwiki link to [[fix und fertig sein]] which would redirect to [[fix und fertig]]. —Ruakh TALK 13:12, 8 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Thus?Bogorm 13:22, 8 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes, this is why (one reason why) we link to redirects; so that wikts that differ over what is the canonical form get linked properly (assuming they have the redirects). Note that these work correctly now. But in general, the links from other wikts will not, as they haven't updated policy to link to redirects, and a lot of iwiki bot operators will insist that those links should be removed. (!) Robert Ullmann 17:30, 10 November 2008 (UTC)

"sorting" iwikis
I think Interwicket should remove iwikis to non-existent Wiktionaries:

And also, do not add iwikis to redirects, if it's possible.. Maro 21:08, 19 November 2008 (UTC)

 * We add iwikis to redirects on purpose, see immediately previous section. Cleaning up iwikis for (now) non-existing wikts is a little bit tricky, since they are often someone trying to do something else; I do look for them. Robert Ullmann 23:25, 19 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Perhaps Interwicket (or AF?) could eventually tag entries with an interwiki link to a not (yet?) existing wikt so that they end up in a suitable category? -- Gauss 23:32, 19 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Btw: "se" is in the MW table (it displays as an iwiki link), but the wikt doesn't (as you note) exist as an initialized project. This often takes waiting until "they" figure out WTF "they" are doing ;-) Robert Ullmann 23:36, 19 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Getting slightly off-topic: I just noticed that the bad "[se:burner]" was added (by anon) together with the Swedish translation. Considering that "se" is the TLD for Sweden, I assume that the link was meant to lead to sv.wikt, where burner: doesn't exist either. I'm removing that interwiki link now. (done already by Maro) -- Gauss 23:44, 19 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes, very likely, people get confused by country codes vs language codes. (and "sw" is Swahili, not Swedish or Sweden ;-) Robert Ullmann 23:49, 19 November 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Interwicket/2008


text:
förgeteges

Etymology
From ; see also.

title: förgeteges


text:
արդարութիւն

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) justice, equity, right, uprightness, loyalty, fidelity
 * 2) rectitude, reason

Descendants

 * (ardarut’yun)

title: արդարութիւն


text:
conubium

Alternative forms

 * (less correctly)

Etymology
Equivalent to. Per De Vaan, the cō-n- (found also in other words that are on the surface composed of + a stem starting with n-) has been explained as a development from previous *com-sn-. Weiss reconstructs the word as going back to an original form *kon-snoubii̯om. It is not simple to determine the usual length of the vowel in the second syllable using poetic evidence (see below). Long ū would be the regular outcome of a diphthong derived from the e- or o-grade of the Proto-Indo-European root (and would get analogical support from the long ū in ); on the other hand, the related words and  can be cited to support the possibility of a pronunciation with short /u/, which would come from the zero grade of the Proto-Indo-European root.

Pronunciation

 * In poetry, the pronunciation of conubi- in this word varies, apparently based in part on the requirements of the meter. When this sequence is followed by a heavy syllable (as in the nominative/accusative singular, when not elided into a light syllable) the pronunciation cōnūbĭ- is impossible in dactylic verse: the word instead is scanned either with -i- pronounced as a consonant /j/ (making conubi- a spondee, cōnūbj-) or with short /u/ in the second syllable (making conubi- a dactyl, cōnŭbĭ-). It is debated which is correct. The nominative/accusative plural is always scanned as cōnūbĭă when the following word starts with a consonant: this pronunciation unambiguously contains long ū, but length in this context could be coerced by metrical necessity since cōnŭbĭă with three short syllables would not fit in dactylic meter. When the final syllable is elided, the shorter pronunciation as either cōnŭbĭa or cōnūbja can be found.
 * In poetry, the pronunciation of conubi- in this word varies, apparently based in part on the requirements of the meter. When this sequence is followed by a heavy syllable (as in the nominative/accusative singular, when not elided into a light syllable) the pronunciation cōnūbĭ- is impossible in dactylic verse: the word instead is scanned either with -i- pronounced as a consonant /j/ (making conubi- a spondee, cōnūbj-) or with short /u/ in the second syllable (making conubi- a dactyl, cōnŭbĭ-). It is debated which is correct. The nominative/accusative plural is always scanned as cōnūbĭă when the following word starts with a consonant: this pronunciation unambiguously contains long ū, but length in this context could be coerced by metrical necessity since cōnŭbĭă with three short syllables would not fit in dactylic meter. When the final syllable is elided, the shorter pronunciation as either cōnŭbĭa or cōnūbja can be found.

Noun

 * 1) marriage, wedlock
 * 2)  ceremony of marriage
 * 3)  sexual union; confer
 * 4)  an engrafting
 * 1)  an engrafting
 * 1)  an engrafting

Derived terms

 * Castī connū̆biī (of chaste wedlock)

title: conubium


text: comoedie

title: comoedie


text: kandstøber

title: kandstøber


text: Category:Middle French pronouns

title: Category:Middle French pronouns


text: Category:Middle French adverbs

title: Category:Middle French adverbs


text:
kandestøber

Etymology
+

Noun

 * 1) tinker, pewterer
 * 2) armchair politician

title: kandestøber


text:
hierte

Noun

 * 1) * 1731, Ludvig Holberg, Den politiske Kandstøber, Actus I, Scen. 1:
 * "da"
 * "da"

- Jeg kan svære paa at mit Hierte sidder mig i min Hals.

title: hierte


text:
dépoussiérer

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to dust; to do the dusting
 * 2)  to update, to make current

title: dépoussiérer


text: faire la poussière

title: faire la poussière


text:
svære

Etymology 1
See.

Etymology 2
From.

Verb

 * 1) * 1731, Ludvig Holberg: Den politiske Kandstøber, Actus I, Scen. 1:
 * "da"
 * "da"

- Jeg kan svære paa at mit Hierte sidder mig i min Hals.

title: svære


text:
en revenir

Verb

 * 1)  to believe; to be able to believe (something incredible)
 * 2)  to get over something
 * 3) * 2024 (6 June), Mélanie Marquis, "« Bou hou, revenez-en » : échanges corsés sur l’ingérence étrangère", La Presse:
 * "fr"
 * "fr"

- Pendant l'échange, la députée libérale Jennifer O'Connell s'est mise à bruyamment chahuter ses adversaires conservateurs. Et lorsque le conservateur Garnett Genuis a demandé au président de la rappeler à l’ordre, on l’a entendue crier : « Bou hou, revenez-en ! ».

Conjugation

 * see

title: en revenir


text:
Talk:social class

"social class" has been deleted by Amgine on 3 September 2009 as being a sum-of-parts. But I don't see how social class is a sum-of-parts. --Dan Polansky 13:02, 8 September 2009 (UTC)
 * What was deleted was a badly formatted entry with a bad definition.
 * It is just the edit summary that seems wrong.
 * It's the kind of term that I would check at OneLook before even challenging. It is in one or two general dictionaries and a few specialized ones there. We should make sure that our definition is more than SoP, though. DCDuring TALK 13:41, 8 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Okay. I've given it a try with "A class of people, based on social power or wealth." I am unsure how accurate this is, though. I assume that it is the characteristics that are used to define the class that make the term non-sum-of-parts; the class of people who have just broken a vase and have black hair is not a social class, I hope. --Dan Polansky 13:52, 8 September 2009 (UTC)
 * keep: specialized context. DCDuring TALK 14:02, 8 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Also keep, idiomatic otherwise it would just be a class which is social, which is not what the article says. Mglovesfun (talk) 22:11, 10 October 2009 (UTC)

Kept. Mglovesfun (talk) 14:04, 18 October 2009 (UTC)
 * FWIW I don't think this was ever up for deletion! It was speedy deleted then recreated with a serious definition, and then listed here anyway. It was never tagged, and the person that listed it here wanted to keep it. Mglovesfun (talk) 11:59, 24 October 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:social class


text:
Talk:accede

How is this a transitive verb? Webster's says it's v.i.

 * It is both a transitive and intransitive verb, depending on whether it takes a direct object or not. I suggest you read the definition again. L☺g☺maniac chat? 12:09, 24 October 2009 (UTC)

Thanks, but I know the difference between transitive and intransitive. If you do too, then please give me an example of "accede" used transitively. One can accede to the throne, one does not accede the throne. One can cede the throne, that's a transitive verb. That's why Webster's says it's v.i.
 * It is just as you said. One can both accede to the throne and accede the throne, as well as sense 3, to accede a group. L☺g☺maniac chat? 12:20, 24 October 2009 (UTC)

I googled "accede the throne", and it does appear to be in common usage, although that's incorrect according to Webster. In any case, how about updating to make it both, at least? The one intransitive usage is marked as obsolete. All usages of this verb can (and should!) be intransitive.

title: Talk:accede


text:
անարդարութիւն

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) unjustness, iniquity

title: անարդարութիւն


text:
անարդարություն

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) injustice; breach of justice; inequity; unfairness

title: անարդարություն


text:
անարդար

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) unjust, unfair, inequitable

Adjective

 * 1) unjust, partial

title: անարդար


text:
արծաթե

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) silvern, made of silver

title: արծաթե


text:
արծաթյա

Adjective

 * 1) silvern, made of silver

title: արծաթյա


text: fosfocreatine

title: fosfocreatine


text: fosfogliceridi

title: fosfogliceridi


text: fosfonitrili

title: fosfonitrili


text: fotocoagulazioni

title: fotocoagulazioni


text: fotoemettitori

title: fotoemettitori


text: fotomitragliatrici

title: fotomitragliatrici


text:
fototipie

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) phototype

title: fototipie


text: fototipisti

title: fototipisti


text: fototipiste

title: fototipiste


text: fototipografie

title: fototipografie


text: franco-canadesi

title: franco-canadesi


text:
francofilie

Etymology
Likely borrowed, probably from.

Noun

 * 1) Francophilia admiration of French culture and/or language

Etymology
. Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) Francophilia

title: francofilie


text:
francofobie

Etymology
. Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) Francophobia

title: francofobie


text: francofobi

title: francofobi


text: francofoni

title: francofoni


text: silvicoltori

title: silvicoltori


text: silvicoltrici

title: silvicoltrici


text: selvicoltori

title: selvicoltori


text: selvicoltrici

title: selvicoltrici


text: fotocopiabili

title: fotocopiabili


text: soprassuoli

title: soprassuoli


text: fototerapica

title: fototerapica


text: opinioni pubbliche

title: opinioni pubbliche


text: fototerapici

title: fototerapici


text:
frenologi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) phrenologist

title: frenologi


text: fototerapiche

title: fototerapiche


text:
frenopatie

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) phrenopathy

title: frenopatie


text: fototropica

title: fototropica


text:
frenotomie

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) frenotomy

title: frenotomie


text: fototropici

title: fototropici


text: frigocongelatori

title: frigocongelatori


text: fototropiche

title: fototropiche


text: frigoconservazioni

title: frigoconservazioni


text: frigoristi

title: frigoristi


text: franconi

title: franconi


text: franco-normanna

title: franco-normanna


text: franco-normanni

title: franco-normanni


text: franco-normanne

title: franco-normanne


text: francoprovenzali

title: francoprovenzali


text: prelevabili

title: prelevabili


text: silvicolturali

title: silvicolturali


text: selvicolturali

title: selvicolturali


text: ecosistemica

title: ecosistemica


text: ecosistemici

title: ecosistemici


text: ecosistemiche

title: ecosistemiche


text: frenologica

title: frenologica


text: frenologici

title: frenologici


text: frenologiche

title: frenologiche


text: fungibili

title: fungibili


text:
ալպակա

Noun

 * 1) alpaca
 * 2) alpaca wool
 * 1) alpaca wool

title: ալպակա


text: fuori-

title: fuori-


text: Category:Italian terms prefixed with fuori-


text:
fuoriborsa

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  over-the-counter

Noun

 * 1)  over-the-counter trade

title: fuoriborsa


text:
fuoribusta

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) undeclared (payment)

title: fuoribusta


text:
fuoricorso

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) no longer in circulation (currency)
 * 2) dropped-out (of a university course)

title: fuoricorso


text:
լամա

Noun

 * 1) llama

title: լամա


text:
fuorimano

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) out of the way, off the beaten track, distant, faraway

title: fuorimano


text:
fuorimisura

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) lit., "beyond measurement"
 * 2) excessive
 * 3) wide (football, cricket etc.)

title: fuorimisura


text:
fuoripasto

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) between meals

title: fuoripasto


text:
fuoriposto

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) out of place

title: fuoriposto


text:
քառակուսի արմատ

Noun

 * 1)  square root

title: քառակուսի արմատ


text:
fuoriprogramma

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) unscheduled programme/program or event

Adjective

 * 1) extra
 * 2) unscheduled

title: fuoriprogramma


text:
fuoriscalmo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  outrigger

title: fuoriscalmo


text:
fuorisede

Etymology
From it.

Adjective

 * 1) off-site; out of the office

Noun

 * 1) person who works, studies, etc. away from their home town

title: fuorisede


text:
խորանարդ արմատ

Noun

 * 1)  cube root

title: խորանարդ արմատ


text:
csöcs

Noun

 * 1)  (a woman's) breast; boob, tit
 * all slang
 * all slang

title: csöcs


text:
քառակուսի հավասարում

Noun

 * 1)  quadratic equation

title: քառակուսի հավասարում


text:
հավասարում

Noun

 * 1)  equation

title: հավասարում


text: gessos

title: gessos


text:
-csél

Usage notes

 * Variants:
 *  is added to back-vowel words
 *  is added to front-vowel words

title: -csél


text: Category:Hungarian verbs suffixed with -csél


text:
döngicsél

Etymology
+

Verb

 * 1)  to buzz as a bee

title: döngicsél


text: kappens

title: kappens


text: kappers

title: kappers


text: kappernes

title: kappernes


text:
արջառ

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) young bullock

Etymology
Of origin. Perhaps from. For the suffix compare,.

Noun

 * 1) cattle generic name for cows, bulls, oxen, calves and heifers

title: արջառ


text:
balfasz

Noun

 * 1)  bastard, jerk

title: balfasz


text: drik

title: drik


text: drikker

title: drikker


text: drukket

title: drukket


text: vals'

title: vals'


text: valsens

title: valsens


text: valsenes

title: valsenes


text:
raspiness

Noun

 * 1) The state or characteristic of being raspy.

title: raspiness


text: morfars

title: morfars


text: morfarens

title: morfarens


text: morfædres

title: morfædres


text: waryson

title: waryson


text: morfædrenes

title: morfædrenes


text: linjes

title: linjes


text: linjens

title: linjens


text: linjers

title: linjers


text: linjernes

title: linjernes


text: ankrets

title: ankrets


text: ankerets

title: ankerets


text: ankres

title: ankres


text: ankrenes

title: ankrenes


text:
hour change

Noun

 * 1) The changing of clocks one hour forward or backward, in line with daylight saving time.

title: hour change


text:
Chard

Proper noun

 * , near the Devon border.

Etymology 2
.

Noun

 * 1) Chardonnay wine.

title: Chard


text: Template:letter-gallery

title: Template:letter-gallery


text:
աւազ

Etymology
The origin is.

Has been compared to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬 and derived from.

Martirosyan proposes borrowing from ; compare 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 (from Iranian), with a semantic shift “swamp” → “silt” → “sand”.

Compare also 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) sand, gravel
 * 2)  dust
 * 1)  dust
 * 1)  dust
 * 1)  dust
 * 1)  dust
 * 1)  dust
 * 1)  dust
 * 1)  dust

title: աւազ


text: bronzers

title: bronzers


text: dolloping

title: dolloping


text: dolloped

title: dolloped


text:
dogkind

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) All dogs, considered as a group.

Translations

 * Finnish: koirakunta

title: dogkind


text:
catkind

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) All cats, considered as a group.

title: catkind


text: árakat

title: árakat


text: árnak

title: árnak


text:
hucksterish

Adjective

 * 1) Like a huckster in some way; showy, fraudulent, etc.

title: hucksterish


text: áraknak

title: áraknak


text:
rehabilitator

Noun

 * 1) One who rehabilitates.

title: rehabilitator


text: rehabilitators

title: rehabilitators


text:
rehabilitationist

Noun

 * 1) A supporter of rehabilitationism.

title: rehabilitationist


text: rehabilitationists

title: rehabilitationists


text:
rehabilitationism

Noun

 * 1) The belief that criminals should be rehabilitated into society.

title: rehabilitationism


text: happing

title: happing


text: hour changes

title: hour changes


text: árral

title: árral


text: outduelling

title: outduelling


text: outduelled

title: outduelled


text: sundried

title: sundried


text: árakkal

title: árakkal


text: power naps

title: power naps


text: árért

title: árért


text: árakért

title: árakért


text:
շաքարավազ

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) granulated sugar

title: շաքարավազ


text: árrá

title: árrá


text:
aeromechanical

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to aeromechanics.

Translations

 * Polish:

title: aeromechanical


text:
auto-tuner

Noun

 * 1) Any device that performs automatic tuning (as of an engine or industrial process).
 * 2)  A device that corrects the intonation of an audio signal without affecting other aspects of the sound, sometimes used to fix off-key singing.

title: auto-tuner


text: autotuners

title: autotuners


text: User talk:Visviva/Letter

title: User talk:Visviva/Letter


text:
Atacameñan

Adjective

 * 1) Atacaman

title: Atacameñan


text:
austenitization

Noun

 * 1) The heating of iron (or another iron-based metal such as steel) to a temperature at which it changes crystal structure from ferrite to austenite.

Translations

 * Polish:

title: austenitization


text: austenitizations

title: austenitizations


text: verander

title: verander


text: veranderde

title: veranderde


text: veranderden

title: veranderden


text: veranderd

title: veranderd


text: veranderend

title: veranderend


text: veranderende

title: veranderende


text: verandere

title: verandere


text: wijzig

title: wijzig


text: wijzigt

title: wijzigt


text: wijzigde

title: wijzigde


text: wijzigden

title: wijzigden


text: wijzigend

title: wijzigend


text: wijzigende

title: wijzigende


text: wijzige

title: wijzige


text: modificeer

title: modificeer


text: modificeert

title: modificeert


text: modificeerde

title: modificeerde


text: modificeerden

title: modificeerden


text: gemodificeerd

title: gemodificeerd


text: modificerend

title: modificerend


text: modificerende

title: modificerende


text:
modificere

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) modify
 * 2) moderate

title: modificere


text:
բոյն

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) nest of a bird
 * 2)  den, lair, kennel, burrow, hole of other animals
 * 3) hut, shack of a human
 * 4) niche, hole
 * 1) hut, shack of a human
 * 2) niche, hole

title: բոյն


text: dreigende

title: dreigende


text: árakká

title: árakká


text:
crackerberry

Noun

 * 1) The,.

title: crackerberry


text: crackerberries

title: crackerberries


text: rechtst

title: rechtst


text: rechte

title: rechte


text: árig

title: árig


text: rechtere

title: rechtere


text: árakig

title: árakig


text:
Talk:pettanko

The main article requests the definition be cited, not sure if TVtropes is valid for the purpose and don't really know how/where to cite on Wiktionary, but the defiintion lines up with their page on the subject. --68.204.30.138 15:46, 24 October 2009 (UTC)

Request for verification
Has it entered English? Equinox ◑ 02:16, 11 October 2009 (UTC)
 * In limited circles (and specialized words are hardly something lacking in entries). English language TV Tropes uses it here if you need an actual use. --68.204.30.138 03:10, 27 October 2009 (UTC)
 * I just came across it and was wondering what it mean. Since Wiktionary had no article on it, I have created it.  TestPilot talk to me! 12:29, 2 November 2009 (UTC)

RFV failed, English section removed. —Ruakh TALK 18:02, 16 May 2010 (UTC)

Incorrect first usage
The ko suffix means a female (literally small, but female names make up the bulk of the use), "pettan" would be flat if anything.--67.8.22.167 03:10, 25 June 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:pettanko


text: rechtste

title: rechtste


text: árként

title: árként


text: árakként

title: árakként


text: árban

title: árban


text:
beau monde

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  The fashionable part of society.

Derived terms

 * beau monde seasoning

Translations

 * French:
 * Georgian: ბომონდი
 * Russian:, вы́сший свет

Noun

 * 1) beautiful people, smart set, high society

title: beau monde


text: árakban

title: árakban


text:
tautogram

Noun

 * 1) A text in which all words start with the same letter (but not necessarily the same sound).

Translations

 * Esperanto: taŭtogramo
 * French:
 * German: Tautogramm
 * Italian: tautogramma
 * Polish:

title: tautogram


text:
Template:gallery-cell

|160px

title: Template:gallery-cell


text: tautograms

title: tautograms


text:
poolable

Adjective

 * 1) Suitable for pooling.

title: poolable


text: overeenkomstige

title: overeenkomstige


text: sorghums

title: sorghums


text: áron

title: áron


text: wedergeboorten

title: wedergeboorten


text: wedergeboortes

title: wedergeboortes


text:
gallo-

Prefix

 * 1) Gallo-

Etymology
From.

title: gallo-


text: árakon

title: árakon


text:
gallofobia

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Gallophobia

title: gallofobia


text: árnál

title: árnál


text: Category:Italian terms prefixed with gallo-


text: moeilijke

title: moeilijke


text:
ბუნაგი

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) den, lair

title: ბუნაგი


text:
wriststrap

Noun

 * 1) A strap worn around the wrist to circumvent straining the hand by translocating the borne load to the stronger parts of the arm when carrying or lifting an item.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: rannehihna, rannelenkki
 * German: Trageband ; Zughilfe
 * Russian:, , крюк для тя́ги
 * Swedish: vristband

title: wriststrap


text: wriststraps

title: wriststraps


text: áraknál

title: áraknál


text: árba

title: árba


text: blijve

title: blijve


text: árakba

title: árakba


text:
پون

Etymology
From, a dialectal variant of.

Noun

 * 1) henhouse, nest

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) wind

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) wind

title: پون


text:
brutalism

Noun

 * 1) Brutal, violent behaviour; savagery.
 * 2) * 1839,, Speech to , recorded in Mirror of Parliament, republished in 1840 January-June, , New Series, Volume 7, page 455,
 * Their punishments for crimes were of the most savage nature: and the absurdities of the Theodosian Code, together with the ancient customs of Germany, came to be all blended into a singular amalgamation of refinement and meanness,—of brutalism and bravery.
 * 1) * 2013, Aimee Gasston, Katherine Mansfield, Cannibal, Janet Wilson, Gerri Kimber, Delia da Sousa Correa (editors), Katherine Mansfield and the (Post)colonial,, page 15,
 * She revelled at being dubbed the 'little savage from New Zealand' by her principal at Queen's College, London, and as an adult would develop a commitment to brutalism by consistently refusing to represent a falsely civilised world view in her fiction.
 * 1) * 2015, Johnny Rogan, Ray Davies: A Complicated Life, (The Bodley Head), page 375,
 * A founder of the Victorian Society in 1958, Betjeman was a celebrated critic of architectural brutalism and an active campaigner against the march of modernism.
 * 1) * 2015, Johnny Rogan, Ray Davies: A Complicated Life, (The Bodley Head), page 375,
 * A founder of the Victorian Society in 1958, Betjeman was a celebrated critic of architectural brutalism and an active campaigner against the march of modernism.
 * 1) * 2015, Johnny Rogan, Ray Davies: A Complicated Life, (The Bodley Head), page 375,
 * A founder of the Victorian Society in 1958, Betjeman was a celebrated critic of architectural brutalism and an active campaigner against the march of modernism.

title: brutalism


text: árra

title: árra


text: brutalisms

title: brutalisms


text: gallonando

title: gallonando


text:
gallonare

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1)  to braid; to decorate with braids

title: gallonare


text: gallonante

title: gallonante


text:
gallonato

Adjective

 * 1) braided; gallooned
 * 2) liveried
 * 3) brass

title: gallonato


text: gallonati

title: gallonati


text: gallonata

title: gallonata


text: gallono

title: gallono


text: galloniamo

title: galloniamo


text: gallonate

title: gallonate


text:
پنغال

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) clutch

title: پنغال


text: gallonano

title: gallonano


text: gallonavo

title: gallonavo


text: gallonavi

title: gallonavi


text: gallonava

title: gallonava


text: gallonavamo

title: gallonavamo


text: gallonavate

title: gallonavate


text: gallonavano

title: gallonavano


text: gallonai

title: gallonai


text: gallonasti

title: gallonasti


text: gallonò

title: gallonò


text: gallonammo

title: gallonammo


text: gallonaste

title: gallonaste


text: gallonarono

title: gallonarono


text: gallonerò

title: gallonerò


text: gallonerai

title: gallonerai


text: gallonerà

title: gallonerà


text: platenlabel

title: platenlabel


text: galloneremo

title: galloneremo


text: gallonerete

title: gallonerete


text: galloneranno

title: galloneranno


text: platenlabels

title: platenlabels


text: gallonerei

title: gallonerei


text: galloneresti

title: galloneresti


text: árakra

title: árakra


text: gallonerebbe

title: gallonerebbe


text: galloneremmo

title: galloneremmo


text: gallonereste

title: gallonereste


text: gallonerebbero

title: gallonerebbero


text: galloniate

title: galloniate


text: gallonino

title: gallonino


text: gallonassi

title: gallonassi


text: gallonasse

title: gallonasse


text: gallonassimo

title: gallonassimo


text: gallonassero

title: gallonassero


text:
Brutalism

Etymology
. Popularized in 1954 by the English architects, from earlier , after , the material favored by.

Noun

 * 1)  A style of modernist architecture characterized by angular geometry and overt signs of the construction process.
 * 2) * 2004, B. M. Boyle, Brutalism, R. Stephen Sennott (editor), Encyclopedia of Twentieth Century Architecture, Volume 1: A-F, Taylor & Francis (Fitzroy Dearborn), page 181,
 * Nonetheless, despite its radical appearance, Brutalism could claim, if not legitimacy, at least ancestry in pre-World War II modernism.
 * 1) * 2004, B. M. Boyle, Brutalism, R. Stephen Sennott (editor), Encyclopedia of Twentieth Century Architecture, Volume 1: A-F, Taylor & Francis (Fitzroy Dearborn), page 181,
 * Nonetheless, despite its radical appearance, Brutalism could claim, if not legitimacy, at least ancestry in pre-World War II modernism.

Translations

 * Catalan: brutalisme
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 粗獷主義, 粗野主義
 * Finnish: ,
 * German:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ブルータリズム
 * Macedonian: брутализам
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: brutalismo
 * Spanish: brutalismo
 * Welsh: Briwtaliaeth

title: Brutalism


text:
բունկալ

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) an egg placed in a henhouse that induces the hens to lay eggs

title: բունկալ


text:
galloromanzo

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Gallo-Romance

Noun

 * 1) Gallo-Romance (language)

title: galloromanzo


text:
Callirrhoë

Proper noun

 * 1)  A naiad, daughter of Oceanus and Tethys.

Translations

 * Czech: Kallirhoé
 * Esperanto: Kalirhoo
 * French: ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient Greek: Καλλιρρόη
 * Italian: Calliroe
 * Japanese: カリロエー
 * Latin: Callirrhoē
 * Portuguese: Calírroe
 * Russian: Каллироя
 * Spanish: Calírroe
 * Ukrainian: Калліроя

title: Callirrhoë


text:
gallozzola

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) small blister
 * 2) bubble, formed on the surface of a liquid when it rains
 * 1) bubble, formed on the surface of a liquid when it rains

title: gallozzola


text:
confutable

Adjective

 * 1)  That can be confuted, i.e. shown to be false; disprovable.

title: confutable


text:
User talk:68.23.171.231

Hi. This is a dictionary, so we don't include video game stuff. Try Wikipedia instead. Equinox ◑ 16:22, 24 October 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:68.23.171.231


text:
vicevoorzitter

Noun

 * 1) vice-chairman

title: vicevoorzitter


text: vicevoorzitters

title: vicevoorzitters


text:
counterfigure

Noun

 * 1) A figure in mythology, etc. representing the opposite of another, such as the Antichrist to Christ.

title: counterfigure


text: counterfigures

title: counterfigures


text: counterweighting

title: counterweighting


text: counterweighted

title: counterweighted


text: antidiagonals

title: antidiagonals


text: producenten

title: producenten


text: exemplaren

title: exemplaren


text:
Caribbean monk seal

Noun

 * , an extinct seal once native to the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico.

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Finnish: floridanhylje, karibianhylje
 * Russian: кари́бский тюле́нь-мона́х, тропи́ческий тюле́нь-мона́х, вест-и́ндский тюле́нь-мона́х

title: Caribbean monk seal


text:
User talk:77.167.52.28

Welcome!
Hello, and welcome to Wiktionary. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * How to edit a page is a concise list of technical guidelines to the wiki format we use here: how to, for example, make text boldfaced or make a hyperlink. The Wiktionary tutorial is a more wordy, multi-page document that helps you through those same formatting issues, and also touches on a couple of other issues relevant to editing.
 * The document What Wiktionary is not may be of interest. In particular, if you've edited Wikipedia in the past, you should note that Wiktionary is not an encyclopedia and does not have Wikipedia-style page titles.
 * There is a technical guide to how to start a new page. But you'll also want to look at our guidelines for how to format an entry (what goes where) and our criteria for inclusion (what can be included), which are our two main policy documents. (You can get a feel for how to format an entry by looking at existing entries.)
 * The sandbox is a safe place for testing markup.
 * The FAQ has, of course, some frequently (and some infrequently) asked questions, and their answers.

I hope you enjoy editing here! By the way, you can sign your comments on talk (discussion) pages using four tildes, like this:, which automatically produces your name (or IP number if you're not signed in) and the current date and time. If you have any questions, then see the help pages, add a question to one of the discussion rooms or ask me on my talk page. —AugPi 16:33, 24 October 2009 (UTC)

Japans karakter
Surely Hiragina and Kanhi could both be described by this? Mglovesfun (talk) 13:15, 3 April 2010 (UTC)

You're right, I've removed it. However, equivalents of Japans karakter (Japanese character) are also listed under French, German, Russian and Spanish. Should those be removed, too? - Erik

title: User talk:77.167.52.28


text:
bederf

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) decay, rotting
 * 2) deterioration, worsening

Etymology 2
From, related to (and unrelated to modern Dutch ). Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  need, necessity

title: bederf


text: bederft

title: bederft


text:
bedierf

Usage notes
Bedierf is one of the very few Dutch words in which is not lengthened before.

title: bedierf


text: bedierven

title: bedierven


text: bedorven

title: bedorven


text:
پین

Etymology
Borrowed from a dialectal form of.

Noun

 * 1)  coop for poultry

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) pen

title: پین


text: bedervend

title: bedervend


text: bedervende

title: bedervende


text:
cycasin

Noun

 * 1) A toxin found in certain plants that affects the gastrointestinal tract and nervous system.

title: cycasin


text: cycasins

title: cycasins


text: bederve

title: bederve


text: árhoz

title: árhoz


text: árakhoz

title: árakhoz


text: árból

title: árból


text: árakból

title: árakból


text: verkochte

title: verkochte


text: árról

title: árról


text: árakról

title: árakról


text:
deverbalize

Verb

 * 1)  To make non-verbal; to strip of words.

title: deverbalize


text: deverbalized

title: deverbalized


text: deverbalizing

title: deverbalizing


text: deverbalizes

title: deverbalizes


text: ártól

title: ártól


text:
deverbalization

Noun

 * 1) The act or process of deverbalizing.

title: deverbalization


text: áraktól

title: áraktól


text:
deverbally

Adverb

 * 1) In a deverbal manner.

title: deverbally


text: muhajirun

title: muhajirun


text:
galvano-

Etymology
From +.

Usage notes

 * These terms tend to be older than words prefixed with.

Prefix

 * 1) electricity or galvanism

Usage notes

 * These terms tend to be older than words prefixed with.

title: galvano-


text:
nominatie

Etymology
Borrowed from, from. Equivalent to.

title: nominatie


text: nominaties

title: nominaties


text: itineracy

title: itineracy


text:
galvanometria

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  galvanometry

title: galvanometria


text: Category:Italian terms prefixed with galvano-


text:
Elsinoe

Alternative forms

 * Elsinoë

Hypernyms

 * ; Pezizomycotina - subphylum; - class;  - subclass;  - order;  - family

title: Elsinoe


text: gedraaide

title: gedraaide


text:
galvanoplastico

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) galvanoplastic

title: galvanoplastico


text:
galvanoplastica

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) galvanoplasty
 * 2) galvanoplastics

title: galvanoplastica


text: galvanoplastici

title: galvanoplastici


text: galvanoplastiche

title: galvanoplastiche


text:
eldercare

Noun

 * 1) Care for elderly people.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 養老護理, 老年保健, 老人贍養, 老年護理
 * Danish: ældreomsorg, ældrepleje
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: vanhustenhuolto, vanhustenhoito
 * French: soins aux personnes âgées
 * German:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, 高齢者介護
 * Korean:
 * Polish: opieka nad osobami starszymi
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ухо́д за престаре́лыми, ухо́д за старика́ми,
 * Spanish: cuidado de ancianos
 * Swedish:

title: eldercare


text: uitnodigingen

title: uitnodigingen


text: optredens

title: optredens


text:
galvanoscopio

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) galvanoscope

title: galvanoscopio


text: trede op

title: trede op


text: optrede

title: optrede


text:
zsarolás

Noun

 * 1) extortion, blackmail

title: zsarolás


text:
galvanostegia

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) electroplating

title: galvanostegia


text:
Enosis

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Proper noun

 * 1) Any political movement aiming to incorporate Greek-populated areas currently outside Greece into Greece.
 * 2)  A political movement aiming to incorporate the island of Cyprus into Greece.

Translations

 * Portuguese: Enosis, enosis, ênosis

Proper noun

 * 1)  movement aiming to incorporate Cyprus into Greece

title: Enosis


text:
galvanostegista

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) electroplater

title: galvanostegista


text:
galvanotecnica

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) electroplating (science and technology of)

title: galvanotecnica


text:
galvanoterapia

Etymology
From (compare 🇨🇬).

Noun

 * 1)  electrotherapy

title: galvanoterapia


text:
ondansetron

Etymology
Probably from.

Noun

 * 1)  A carbazole derivative (trademark Zofran), C18H19N3O, that is a  administered by injection and by mouth to relieve nausea and vomiting, especially during cancer therapy.

title: ondansetron


text:
galvanotipia

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) electrotype

title: galvanotipia


text:
性衝動

Noun

 * 1) sexual urge; libido; sex drive

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) sexual urge; libido; sex drive

title: 性衝動


text:
galvanotipista

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) electrotypist

title: galvanotipista


text:
-öcske

Etymology
From.

Suffix

 * 1)  -let, -ette

title: -öcske


text:
epilith

Noun

 * 1) A plant, fungus, or other organism that grows upon rock.

title: epilith


text: epiliths

title: epiliths


text:
epilithic

Etymology
literally "on the rock"

Adjective

 * Of, pertaining to, or being an epilith.

title: epilithic


text: epilimnia

title: epilimnia


text:
noneczematous

Adjective

 * 1) Not eczematous.

title: noneczematous


text:
köröcske

Noun

 * 1) circlet a small circle

title: köröcske


text: köröcskék

title: köröcskék


text:
情欲

Etymology
From compound. .

Noun

 * 1) lust, sexual desire

title: 情欲


text:
assimilationism

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  The policy or practice of the assimilation of immigrant or other minority cultures into a mainstream culture.

Translations

 * German: Assimilationismus
 * Portuguese: assimilacionismo

title: assimilationism


text:
extinctionist

Noun

 * 1) An advocate of extinctionism.
 * 2)  A player who plays a roguelike game with the additional challenge of killing all creatures to extinction.
 * 1)  A player who plays a roguelike game with the additional challenge of killing all creatures to extinction.

Adjective

 * 1) Relating to extinctionism.

title: extinctionist


text: extinctionists

title: extinctionists


text:
extinctionism

Noun

 * 1) The belief that only the extinction of humanity will lead to the recovery of the Earth's environment.
 * 2)  The additional challenge, in playing a roguelike game, of killing all creatures to extinction.
 * 1)  The additional challenge, in playing a roguelike game, of killing all creatures to extinction.

title: extinctionism


text:
colonizationist

Noun

 * 1) An advocate of colonizationism.

title: colonizationist


text: colonizationists

title: colonizationists


text: gigsters

title: gigsters


text: zsarolások

title: zsarolások


text: fainites

title: fainites


text:
fancy goods

Noun

 * 1)  Decorative luxury items.

title: fancy goods


text: practical numbers

title: practical numbers


text:
optræde

Etymology
Equivalent to, after.

Verb

 * 1) to perform, act
 * 2) to behave, act, pose
 * 3) to appear, occur

title: optræde


text: optræd

title: optræd


text: optræder

title: optræder


text: optrådte

title: optrådte


text: optrådt

title: optrådt


text:
feminoid

Adjective

 * 1) Apparently, but not actually, female.

Etymology 2
(suggesting a robotic, heartless quality as in ).

Noun

 * 1)  A feminist.

title: feminoid


text: feminoids

title: feminoids


text:
glyoxalase

Noun

 * 1)  Either of a pair of related thiol-dependent enzymes: glyoxalase І, which catalyses the isomerisation of the spontaneously formed hemithioacetal adduct between GSH and 2-oxoaldehydes (such as methylglyoxal) into S-2-hydroxyacylglutathione; and glyoxalase ІІ, which hydrolyses these thiolesters.

Translations

 * Greek: γλυοξαλάση

title: glyoxalase


text: glyoxalases

title: glyoxalases


text:
User talk:Tohru/2009-01

Category:Japanese kanji
I've done some tweaking on the templates. It takes some time to work out all the inconsistancies. The good thing about templates is that it is easy to change things ... otherwise categories are very painful to fix, as you probably know. Robert Ullmann 11:47, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

WiktionaryZ
Hoi, I have given you edit rights at http://wiktionaryz.org. Please read about the DefinedMeaning and, have fun !! GerardM 18:54, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

微笑
HAH I'm dumb. I looked at the kanji and thought hohoe. It was supposed to be びしょう. Oops. :D Ric | opiaterein 01:50, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

Experiments
Normally, I find myself strongly advocating all sorts of experiments. But I don't see any value at all, in what User:Akanemoto has done, and is doing. I am really that far off base? To me, it looks like he/she deliberately mangled entries that previously complied very well with About Japanese. --Connel MacKenzie 16:31, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

Please indicate acceptance
Hi, I've added your nomination at Wiktionary:Votes/sy-2006-10/User:Tohru. Please indicate your timezone, babel info, and acceptance, if you'd like to accept. (I probably should have asked if you were interested, first.) --Connel MacKenzie 17:25, 24 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I am very interested in seeking a way to contribute more, with the combination of my rather limited English ability and native Japanese fluency. Thank you again for the nomination, and I will enjoy all of this! --Tohru 18:41, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

multiple etymologies
Very good idea; in general we do this when we have the information to put in the etymologies. There are a lot of English words that should do this but have not yet because we need the information added. Even short notes help. Robert Ullmann 10:42, 28 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I appreciate your comment; I've carelessly thought that a multiple etymology heading without the explanation is sufficient... By the way, as you know, the etymological study of Japanese language is not so developed in comparison with the western languages so far, and it may be difficult for us to go on telling homographs apart based on their etymologies especially at homographic 和語. Some meaning-and-usage based dividing might be desirable. Anyway I'll go right ahead with this experiment a little more. --Tohru 01:22, 29 October 2006 (UTC)

stroke order
They are all identified (collectively) by Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:Han stroke, I was planning on either fixing them up by hand (one has to check to see whether one of the images is available from commons) or automate part of it. Even when they are images, the "thumb" and such have to be taken out, just keeping NNNpx. They all need some work. And, sadly, there aren't that many, even though commons has well over a thousand. They really ought to be all images. In general, it should be (char)-bw.png|NNNpx for NNN = (sn+1)*40 but some of them have the animated version. Robert Ullmann 15:55, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

kanji template
It still takes all those params, it calls both ja-kanji and ja-readings. So anyone using it needs that doc. When it gets subst'd by the bot, they each get their own params. Each of them has the right documentation. Robert Ullmann 01:01, 5 November 2006 (UTC)

 * OK, I see. Sorry for the trouble. --Tohru 01:15, 5 November 2006 (UTC)

Other CJKV languages
Would you tell me what you think of the changes I'm making for the other languages, see 森 for example? Robert Ullmann 23:01, 5 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Besically, it looks excellent to me, and the followings are just my two cents:
 * The idea of the defn template is splendid. And, how about getting it accompanied by a comment like   so that a Wiktionary beginner with enough knowledge of languages can contribute adequately and confidently?
 * In the same way, I think the parameter keys need to be a little bit longer so that a wiki beginner can tell what it is at a glance. How about "revised" instead of "rv", "yale" instead of "y", and so on? It is possible to have templates support both ways, the abbreviated parameter keys and the spelled out ones.
 * Cheers! --Tohru 23:53, 5 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I didn't think either was too hard ;-) The problem with the comment is that people don't replace the comment! (Most beginners have never seen an HTML comment ...) They learn to replace the template 'cause it is generating the "defintion needed" text. And I'd kind of like people to figure out just a little (like what y= might mean) before doing too much. They've just looked at the rendered text, and now they see the wikitext, I don't think it's too hard. The problems are when something really non-obvious is going on, that they also need to know about. (There are things they don't need to know about, like each repeat of the character on the page is displayed with the correct language font!) Robert Ullmann 00:08, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Oh and thanks for fixing ja-verb. If I'd just looked at it once more ... Robert Ullmann 00:10, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Indeed. Then let's go ahead with the way you took on 森. Meantime, "rr" might be a more appropriate abbreviation of the Revised Romanization than "rv", though I'm not familiar with the circumstances. See User_talk:KYPark. I suppose you can rely on him on Korean-related topics. --Tohru 03:02, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

number
Hi, thank you for correcting the pronunciation of number. In my previous edit, I just tried to get the SAMPA consistent to the IPA. Then, mapping the SAMPA back to the IPA, does it need to be altered to ? TIA. --Tohru 23:46, 6 November 2006 (UTC)
 * It already has that. --EncycloPetey 23:48, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

 * It doesn't. Please review my next edit. --Tohru 23:53, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Ah, I see. Yes, it's now OK. --EncycloPetey 01:13, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I have reference materials but don't know real pronunciations very well. Please keep an eye on my edits :) --Tohru 01:28, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I understand. Sometimes, I'll look in a published or on-line reference only to be baffled by the inaccurate IPA pronunciation given there.  I've seen at least one major reference that always mixes-up "long" and "short" i (ɪ and i), and one that reverses the symbols for primary and secondary stress. --EncycloPetey 01:30, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

Sysop
The vote ends today, or was it tomorrow? You seem to have ample support, and I was doing bureaucrat sorts of things tonight, anyway, so I went ahead and issued you some buttons. Please have a look at Help:Sysop tools to find out more about them, or feel free to ask me or any of the other veteran sysops what's going on here. Please add your timezone information and anything else that's missing to the table at WT:A. Welcome aboard. Dvortygirl 06:37, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Congratulations! Robert Ullmann 14:48, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks! --Tohru 22:43, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

Invitation to help
The previous edit by 66.68.174.245 was by you Mattrogers, wasn't it? If so I'm sorry for my reversion.)

 * It's no problem, I see you've restored it. By the way I'm a little
 * new, so feel free to let me know if I do something inappropriate or
 * incorrect. Matt 00:06, 27 November 2006 (UTC)

Would you please look at the changes to to this. I don't know enough to explain it or the way we do things to the user. Robert Ullmann 11:13, 11 December 2006 (UTC)

The problem is that it is now including multiple forms without identifying them (he is hacking them into one parameter to ja-decl witht the tag). What are these other forms? Are they adjective forms? If they are, they need to be identified in English. (He says, sighing, not having my Japanese grammar with him. ;-) To put it simply, having more that one form in a "box" isn't helpful. Robert Ullmann 16:05, 11 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, it is exactly what I referred to in my edit summary as "tidying up." Or possibly we need to just revert the not wrong but adhock, imperfect edit. Sorry but I'll cope with it tomorrow or later when I am not drunk as I am now ... --Tohru 16:20, 11 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Okay, Cheers! Robert Ullmann 16:24, 11 December 2006 (UTC)

 * You might add footnotes, as used in ; looks good, without adding a lot of additional boxes. Just a thought. Robert Ullmann 14:56, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Sounds good. I've been (relatively unhurriedly) thinking about how to modify and  in consistent manner, and your advice will be much help here. You should already know my subpage User:Tohru/sandbox, and the problem was that those "polite stem forms" don't exist in the i-adjective conjugation table, but based on your hint, I can use one table layout for both adjectives, getting the polite stem forms footnoted rather than putting them into separated rows. Anyway I will consult the community before I start deploying this new rather complicated table layout. Now, it is about time for us to activate the discussion page of WT:AJ again, isn't it? --Tohru 16:45, 17 December 2006 (UTC)

Welcome
Why thank you for the welcome! I'm sure the info you left will be helpful. --BlackJar72 03:22, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

User talk:71.234.9.178
Did you add the warning there before logging it? I deleted it because an IP-anon user giving another one a warning is pretty odd ... if it was you, undelete the last version? (or better, do it again logged in ;-) Robert Ullmann 00:08, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Nope, I didn't, but anyway thank you for the notice. I even didn't know my user page had been vandalized and restored... --Tohru 04:11, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

Thanks
Thank you for the welcome and the information! Liso 18:17, 10 February 2007 (UTC)

小説
Hi! Tohru. I found you corrected the counter for 小説. (from 冊 to 篇). but I thought it didn't match my language experience... so I more deeply researched thsoe popularities at Japanese google. In this research, "遍" gathers its popularity just only when it is used with the meaning of Kanji numeric 一('one'), although it got a peak of the popularity. On the other hand, "冊" gathers its popularity every time when it is used with Arabic numeric and also when it is used with Kanji numerics except of '一'('one'). hmmm... Which is the better counter for this word... That's a difficult problem... and I think 篇 is preferable to use for a Non-large gatherings of sentences in a common sense. such as for tanka, haiku, poem, letter, occaisionaly song. What do you think? I would like to share your recognition with this term. Thanks--Carl Daniels 09:56, 7 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Arabic numeric + counter + noun:
 * "１冊の小説" の検索結果 約 3,070 件 (*)
 * "１篇の小説" の検索結果 約 139 件
 * "２冊の小説" の検索結果 約 1,980 件 (*)
 * "２篇の小説" の検索結果 約 89 件
 * "３冊の小説" の検索結果 約 1,370 件 (*)
 * "３篇の小説" の検索結果 約 41 件
 * Kanji numeric + counter + noun:
 * "一冊の小説" の検索結果 約 977 件
 * "一篇の小説" の検索結果 約 4,920 件 (+)
 * "二冊の小説" の検索結果 約 1,250 件 (*)
 * "二篇の小説" の検索結果 約 129 件
 * "三冊の小説" の検索結果 約 532 件 (*)
 * "三篇の小説" の検索結果 約 484 件
 * Hi there! Thank you for the feedback. Basically, my understanding on this is that 冊 is the counter for 小説 as a physical entity, i.e. a binded book, and that kyūtaiji 篇 or shintaiji 編 is the counter for 小説 as an abstract entity, i.e. a piece of work. Though I've thought 篇 is the best based on the comparison between only 一冊 and 一篇, as you pointed out generally 冊 seems to be the most commonly used one. Then a possible solution would be: putting back 冊 to the position of the official counter in the POS header, referring to the double meaning of 小説 between a book and a piece of work in the definition, and taking up 篇/編 and the difference among the counters as a usage note. How do you think of it?
 * Plus, I agree with you on that 篇 is preferable for a short piece of work, for which the physical media is usually unusable to count. I also can't figure out the difference between Kanji numeric and Arabic numeric appearing here... We will be able to discuss it quantitatively and precisely after the first large-scale, written Japanese corpus, which is comparable to BNC and ANC, is released around 2010 :) --Tohru 12:43, 7 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Looks like the 編 form is also of comparable popularity. My kanji dictionary does not classify 編 and 篇 as the same character (as it does with 新字体/旧字体). Instead it says that 編 is used as a substitute character for 篇 (no doubt because 篇 is 表外漢字). So it's similar to e.g. 奇/綺.
 * My understanding about 冊/篇 is the same as yours; e.g. you'd say 一篇の小説 if you are talking about one in a collection of them (say, in a magazine), but if you have one novel in one physical book, you could use either. Not that I want to exclude e-books - a "physical" book here might as well be an e-book - what matters is whether one thinks of the "physical book" as a collection of novels (or other works) or as just a single novel. -- Coffee2theorems 09:52, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

Synonyms formatting
The WT:ELE format for synonyms is a single-line list. this is different from the formatting for translations and related terms. --EncycloPetey 01:39, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks. Now I confirmed the corresponding description, "synonyms should be given in a separate list for each meaning", on the WT:ELE. --Tohru 01:53, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes. See listen for an example with a list for each meaning. --EncycloPetey 01:55, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

決まる
Could you look at 決まる and derived terms? These are the simple ones:

 * 決まり (e.g. 決まりを守る (規則), これで決まりだ (決定)). Noun.
 * 決まって (e.g. NHKが来る度に決まって居留守を使う (必ず, いつも)). Adverb. (駄目な例文ですが…)

I can't come up with a definition for 決まる that would work for the following cases, but they apparently aren't usually considered special (大辞林 and 広辞苑 at least don't have entries for these, only for 決まる):

 * 決まっている (e.g. 決まっているだろう、右だ (当り前だ)) Verb, but does this need a separate entry? It seems somewhat idiomatic to me. I think that saying e.g. 決定しているだろう instead would be strange.
 * に決まっている (e.g. 嘘に決まっている (に違いない)). Phrasal verb? Conjugated normally (○嘘に決まっていた etc) but ×嘘に決まる. The meaning is a bit different from the previous item, and I can't think of an example of this without the に, so a separate entry?
 * 決まった (e.g. NHKは決まった日に来る (いつも同じ, 決まって同じ)) Adnominal like 小さな? 決まっている日 and 決まりの日 are similar, though. All seem to be about something that is habitual or repeats, rather than about a decision. Or can these somehow be explained by adding a meaning to 決まる?

I'm not a native Japanese so maybe I'm mistaken about these. -- Coffee2theorems 00:46, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

 * First of all, I think there is much room to discuss and experiment on this issue, whether those important collocations or typical usages of Japanese words should have their own articles or not. I don't want to be assertive here. But in my personal opinion, I feel we can keep those three points in one entry of the verb 決まる and should do so, preventing them from being scattered around among pages. In other others, for me, it seems that making use of example sentences and usage notes, rather than creating entries, would be enough and appropriate for them. Comparing the definitions of 広辞苑 and 大辞林, I feel the latter is more comprehensive and accurate, so I will discuss the details based on 大辞林.

 * On the entry of 決まる in 大辞林, there is a definition "話し手の確信・判断". I think this covers your first two items. The first item might be an example without the に. Certainly, "決定しているだろう" in this context is strange, but we can explain this by a fact that 決定 doesn't have the sense mentioned above. Though I completely agree with your point that the degree of freedom for the conjugation is being limited here, I think it doesn't necessarily means that the expression requires its own entry. Instead, we can just explain it in the main article. Plus, let me note that the example in the first item sounds like a shortened variant of "そうに決まっているだろう".
 * I did a quick research about the third item. It seems that 決まった is not an adnominal but a verb form of "決まる in 連用形 + 助動詞 た". Yes, it's very confusing for me, too... I think that this usage belongs to the definition "いつも変わらないでいる、一定している" of 決まる in 大辞林, and that we can also treat it as such on our entry 決まる.

 * Cheers! --Tohru 03:33, 13 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree experimentation/discussion is called for, and not just for 決まる. Looks like there are many who want to have separate entries for inflections, even if there's nothing else in them but "this is the plural of something" (see e.g. somethings). User:SemperBlottoBot will add such entries for Italian inflections. (e.g. accusavi)

 * In school grammar 決まった is indeed analyzed as 連用形 + 助動詞 た, but in second language teaching it's said to be the past tense of 決まる. Many don't even know that て and た are 助動詞 in school grammar. The treatment of 補助動詞 such as (て)いる and (て)しまう varies more, but simply splitting them as て/いる and て/しまう becomes a problem with the colloquial synonyms てる, ちゃう, ちまう (no place to split them). Same for e.g. 見ては -> 見ちゃ. I added ている, てる, てしまう, ちゃう much in the same way as 大辞林 handles them (大辞林 also has ては and ちゃ), but it's possible that in the future we will also have entries such as 見た (actually, this already exists), 見ちゃう, 見させられました and so on. I think there's been too little discussion about such things, and have recently talked with User:Cynewulf about it.

 * explains more about Japanese as a second language. E.g. it lists these as inflections: "マス形：話します　ナイ形：話さない　タラ形：話したら　受身形：話される". It goes on to say "ただし、この中で「マス形」と「ナイ形」は厳密には活用形とは言いにくいものです. 活用形というのは、動詞が変化した一つの形で、それ自身は変化しない、決まった形でなければなりません. " and "日本語教育の活用形を具体的に見て行く前に、学校文法の活用表を参考にあげておきます. この表に対しては、いろいろな立場・観点から数多くの批判がなされていて、現代語の活用表として不適当なことははっきりしていると言っていいでしょう. ですから、とりあげる必要もないのですが、[...]". I believe this is how Japanese is commonly taught as a second language. I think there's merit in doing things both ways. For one thing, Wiktionary is not limited to "現代語", and for another there are many English speakers who do know something about the school grammar. Adding to all this Wiktionary's unique way of doing things, it's not easy to see what the best way is :-) -- Coffee2theorems 21:16, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

Chinese character decomposition
(sorry, this got rather long)

Hi, I suggested adding graphical character decompositions for Chinese characters in Beer parlor earlier. Robert added a parameter for them to the Han character template and I've been adding decompositions since. See 易 for an example. Because these decompositions are purely graphical, some of them are of course etymologically speaking nonsense. Now when I went to User_talk:Abdull by accident, I found out that you and some others have had a problem with this in the past, so I came here to talk about it :-)

Such decompositions are not an original idea. Indeed, it is merely an extension of the traditional idea of indexing by radicals, which does not care about etymologies either. 卡 has 卜 as the radical for instance, even though it's really a combination of 上 and 下. Removing 卜 from 卡 results in 上, so you could say that 卡=⿱上卜 graphically (⿱ is Unicode Ideographic Description Sequence character for top-bottom split). Etymologically it's 卡=⿻上下 (⿻ means overlapping parts).

Ideographic Description Sequences (IDS) are Unicode's way of describing characters that have not yet been encoded in Unicode. It's a graphical description, and nothing prevents its use for characters that already exist in Unicode, although that is not its main purpose. There are some examples in the document.

IDS is used this way by at least the CHISE project, which is Japanese. This page contains the parts relevant to IDS; they also have a search page (「指定した部品を持つ漢字を検索」). Their way of decomposing is slightly different from mine as I didn't use their data (they have a free license that is unfortunately incompatible with Wiktionary's), but it is certainly graphical, not etymological. E.g. "京=⿱⿱亠口小", "亘=⿱一旦", "午=⿱𠂉十". Nevertheless, search by such parts is useful, and all electronic kanji dictionaries I've seen have some kind of 部品 search. Mine (漢字源) allows entering "部品読み", and if I enter 部品読み＝じゅう＆とお and 総画数＝４, I get e.g. 午, 支, 升, 井, even though none of them have any etymological relation to 十. It doesn't care about the difference between 肉月 and 月偏 either.

One kanji dictionary also uses what they call "SKIP codes" for indexing kanjis, because radicals are a bit difficult to many Westerners. It simply uses stroke counts of different parts, e.g. 指 would be a type 1 (left-right split) character with 3 strokes on the left and 6 on the right, so the SKIP code is 1-3-6. The creator of that system claims copyright on the codes, though. Like 部品 search, it's easier than search by radicals.

There's also one book for learning kanjis, which splits characters into elements without caring at all about etymology. It even goes so far as to assign new, bogus meanings to existing characters and elements to aid memory. E.g. 癶 is teepee and 豆 is table; then 登 could be memorized by making a silly story for it (the book is all about such silly stories) like "I went camping on the mountains (山を登る) and took with me a teepee (癶) and a table (豆)". The author explains in the preface of the book how his method is the best thing since sliced bread and that the traditional teachers and Japanese who are set in the old, bad ways just don't get it (and no, I don't agree with that). That book's from 1977, so it's not exactly a new idea, and there's even a web forum for people who share such silly stories with each other to learn kanjis. They even know it's all wrong etymologically, but they don't care, as long as they learn to read and write the characters.

All in all, I think there's ample evidence that many find such things useful. If I didn't know e.g. 頁, it'd still be nice to be able to go to 貝, click on "What links here" and get to 頁 quickly, even though there's only a graphical relation between them, no etymological relation. Or getting to 通 from 用, or to 鬱 from 缶. I would never even guess what the radical for 鬱 is (apparently 鬯.. I've never seen that one). For etymology, there's always the etymology section. Of course the silliest decompositions (see 日, 曰, 月) may not be too useful, but I was only trying to be comprehensive as there's no harm in it and I didn't want to draw the line of what is silly and what's not. -- Coffee2theorems 02:43, 14 May 2007 (UTC)

Soft redirects
Hi. Do you prefer English or Japanese?

I have a few comments about two of your recent edits: ] and.

I think a redirect is better for two reasons:
 * 1) By creating an entry in romanized script, it may imply that there really is an English word with such a spelling. The word yukata is arguably English now. However, very, very few monolingual English speakers will know the words katabira and yukatabira.
 * 2) It duplicates entries. Your comment said "soft redirect", but rather it is basically a copy of the original entry. Any future changes to one entry will need to synchronized with the other. However, I fear that will often not be done.

Thus, I think it is best to leave these as redirects. If and when these terms become common in English, the redirect should be changed appropriately. I created the redirects only to assist in accessibility and discoverability. May I change them back? Bendono 07:24, 9 August 2007 (UTC)

質問
いつもお世話に成っております. 質問は二つあります： 持っています. 引用はどのように書けばいいでしょうか？参考に成るような見出しを指摘して頂ければ幸いです. 以上、宜しくお願いします. Bendono 02:05, 15 August 2007 (UTC)
 * 1) 古語など、歴史的仮名遣いはどうすればいいでしょうか？例えば、Template talk:ja-nounにはそのような引数はありません. 形容詞の場合はもう少し複雑に成りますし.
 * 2) 『倭名類聚抄』や『伊呂波字類抄』や『下学集』や『日葡辞書』等、昔の辞書を、そして岩波の古典文学大系（旧・新）等古典の本も

Tidying
Would you mind not changing to  without also providing a gloss, as per your edit a few months ago to Einstein field equation? Thanks! DAVilla 05:53, 19 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Oops, I must have known it was needed there though... Thank you for the tidying up! ―Tohru 06:25, 19 August 2007 (UTC)

Gashira Kashira
Hello Tohru, I have a question. The word waka gashira or shatei gashira consist both of 2 words including gashira. Rodasmith and I were wondering whether がしら (gashira) is only used in compounds such as those, and or the word in isolation is pronounced as かしら (kashira). And if you can, can you create the gashira article? Thanks Mallerd 12:24, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Hello Mallerd, without dought, がしら (gashira) is only used in compounds. In those compounds, the first /k/ sound of かしら (kashira) was affected by the preceding word and euphonically changed into the voiced /g/ sound, so there is no case in which がしら exists as an independent word. This change also applies to many other words like 会社 (かいしゃ, kaisha), 本 (ほん, hon) or 橋 (はし, hashi). Cheers! --Tohru 16:16, 16 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks! So helpful :D Mallerd 16:41, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

Re: A compound of 英
Sorry, 英湯 was a typo, but I am hesitant to take it away, as I was curious and did find a couple of uses of it on the internet. I don't know what the definition is, so I can't be sure as to whether or not it warrants being there. And also, I only saw it in a few places, so maybe it's lack of use means it doesn't warrant a place. I'm not to familiar with these matters, so I am not going to take any further action on the matter. If you're curious as well, I saw it most often used as part of longer phrases such as 英湯広場, which apparently translates to "British hot water open space"; according to Google and another translation program I used.

英(ei) is an abbreviation for England and 湯(yu) is hot water so 英湯(eiyu?) is English(or British by extension) hot water so I suppose it might just be SoP.--50 Xylophone Players 19:56, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

According to the Moji add-on for Firefox 広場(hiroba) translates to plaza.--50 Xylophone Players 15:48, 17 August 2008 (UTC)

WT:AJ update
I hadn’t notice that the vote finally concluded. Thanks! Rod (A. Smith) 06:22, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

stupid
Not you of course ;-) Someone keeps reverting the edits. Can you lock the correct entry for a while? Algrif 16:35, 14 November 2007 (UTC)

歴史的仮名遣い
I've added a "hhira" parameter to ja-noun and the other templates, thought you might like to know (per your conversation with Bendono in August). Cynewulf 19:49, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks!! Yes, I should've done that ages ago... ―Tohru 00:36, 22 November 2007 (UTC)

農協
Thanks.. これを見ていましたｗ. Cynewulf 16:50, 6 December 2007 (UTC)

 * 面白いｗ. 「農協牛乳」にしか聞こえないですね. . ―Tohru 17:26, 6 December 2007 (UTC)
 * What was the clip about? When I click on the above link, a mesage announcing its deletion is displayed. What was the topic? Bogorm 18:45, 19 February 2009 (UTC)

友情
ゆうしょうの修正をありがとうございます.

じゃなくて、無償だ. Cynewulf 16:48, 17 December 2007 (UTC)

 * まさに「お安い御用」ってやつです. ―Tohru 00:48, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

Translations節における形容動詞のリンクの仕方
先日はウェルカムメッセージありがとうございました. 編集をしていてわからないことがございましたので、メッセージのお言葉に甘えて一つお訊きさせていただきます. 英語形容詞のTranslations節においては、日本語の該当語はしばしば形容動詞や「名詞＋の」のような形になりますが、その際の書き方についてなにか方針はおありでしょうか. 既存の項目をいくつか見て回ってみたのですが、例えばbeautifulでは「 綺麗 」と語幹のみになっており、honestでは「 正直な 」と、語尾まで含められており、urgentでは「 緊急の, 重大な 」と、語尾も記載してあるもののリンクは語幹だけと揺れがあり、一定した傾向が見えてきませんでした. このことに関してなにか既存の方針や慣習はございますか. よろしくお願いします. --Asahiko 05:57, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

About Japanese conjugation
I may not know much about Japanese, but I find that the conjugations are very lacking. For example on the page for 食べる, the form 食べたい is not there. Nor is 食べません. Why not? Is there some reason for why this isn't included? --BiT 20:24, 24 January 2008 (UTC)
 * 返事が遅れてすみません. それについては、もうプロジェクトが立ち上がっているようです. それに参加なさってはいかがでしょうか. 下の文は、私のところに来た案内状です. 参考になさってください. --Izumi5 01:32, 23 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Hello !

 * We are transferring the content of dico.fj.free.fr, a French/Japanese dictionary based on EDict. We are about to import 17 000 articles :) These are what we are working on :
 * We have to improve the Japanese conjugation templates.
 * We also are completing this pronunciation table.
 * And of course, we are working on conversion rules for the importation :)

 * We have already :
 * a function that generates romaji from kana
 * a function that generates IPA pronunciation from kana

 * All contributors are welcome !

 * Good contributions on Wiktionary !!!

 * Ftiercel 15:29, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

 * I'm awfully sorry. That was an invitation for a French/Japanese dictionary project. I should read things carefully...
 * Anyway, auxiliary words such as "たい", "ます" connects to specific forms of conjugating words. So, "食べません" or "食べたい" can be easily predicted by the current template. Maybe you have already learned that in this nearly-two-year interval, but that's all I can say for the problem. I again apologize to you for my rude attitude.--Izumi5 15:08, 17 October 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tohru/2009-01


text:
njonken

Preposition

 * 1) beside
 * 2) besides

title: njonken


text:
overbrowse

Verb

 * 1)  To browse (eat vegetation) too much, to the detriment of the environment.

title: overbrowse


text: overbrowses

title: overbrowses


text: overbrowsing

title: overbrowsing


text: overbrowsed

title: overbrowsed


text:
highlining

Noun

 * 1) Slacklining at elevation above the ground or water. When rigged correctly, using a leash, no impact with the ground is possible.
 * 2) A form of overbrowsing in which animals eat the vegetation as high as they can reach.

title: highlining


text:
halo nucleus

Noun

 * 1)  An atomic nucleus whose radius is appreciably larger than that predicted by the  (wherein the nucleus is assumed to be a sphere of constant density).

title: halo nucleus


text:
boppedat

Adverb

 * 1) moreover, more importantly

title: boppedat


text:
hepatolenticular

Adjective

 * 1)  Pertaining to the liver and the lens of the eye, which suffer degenerative effects in Wilson's disease.

Derived terms

 * hepatolenticular degeneration

title: hepatolenticular


text: willy-willies

title: willy-willies


text:
Wilson's disease

Etymology
Named after Samuel Alexander Kinnier Wilson (1878–1937), the British neurologist who first described the condition in 1912.

Proper noun

 * 1)  An autosomal-recessive genetic disorder in which copper accumulates in tissues, resulting in neurological or psychiatric symptoms and liver disease.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 肝豆狀核變性, 威爾森氏症
 * Czech: Wilsonova choroba
 * Finnish: Wilsonin tauti
 * Icelandic: koparhrörnun, Wilsons-sjúkdómur

title: Wilson's disease


text:
hoop pine

Etymology
The tree's bark has horizontal bands resembling hoops (compare image).

Noun

 * , a tree of eastern Australia and New Guinea.

title: hoop pine