text:
dirt-dauber

Noun

 * 1)  A common labourer who makes mud walls.
 * , II.3.3:
 * Ifthat I am a younger brother, basely born […], of mean parentage, a dirt-dauber’s son, “am I therefore to be blamed?”

title: dirt-dauber


text: dirt-daubers

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: dirt-daubers


text:
Talk:accessability

Isn't accessability a misspelling?
Why isn't accessability classified as a misspelling of accessibility? accessable states: "Common misspelling of accessible."

--Mortense 11:55, 3 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Yes indeed. Well spotted. < class="latinx" >Ƿidsiþ 11:57, 3 October 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:accessability


text:
αυταπόδεικτος

Adjective

 * 1) self-evident

title: αυταπόδεικτος


text:
Talk:gold medals

Maybe it should be in English?
 * Err yes, thanks. Mglovesfun (talk) 12:14, 3 October 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:gold medals


text:
fèin-mhurt

Noun

 * 1) suicide act

title: fèin-mhurt


text: fèin-mhuirt

title: fèin-mhuirt


text: fèin-mhort

title: fèin-mhort


text: fèin-mhoirt

title: fèin-mhoirt


text:
fèin-mhurtair

Noun

 * 1) suicide person

title: fèin-mhurtair


text: fèin-mhurtairean

title: fèin-mhurtairean


text:
single-sideband modulation

Noun

 * 1)  A modification of amplitude modulation that modulates the output signal on a single sideband only, as opposed to both sidebands.

title: single-sideband modulation


text: fèin-mhortair

title: fèin-mhortair


text: fèin-mhortairean

title: fèin-mhortairean


text:
murtair

Noun

 * 1) murderer, assassin

title: murtair


text: murtairean

title: murtairean


text:
lakó

Participle

 * : living in a place, dwelling

Noun

 * 1) dweller, inhabitant, resident, tenant, occupant, denizen someone or thing who lives in a place, chiefly in an apartment or room, also metaphorically e.g. of a planet or another habitat
 * 2)  lodger, tenant, lessee, renter, rentee one who rents property from another
 * 1)  lodger, tenant, lessee, renter, rentee one who rents property from another

title: lakó


text:
mortair

Noun

 * 1) Alternative form of .

title: mortair


text: mortairean

title: mortairean


text: lakók

title: lakók


text: Jawjuh

title: Jawjuh


text:
User talk:Userreus

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello, welcome to Wiktionary, and thank you for your contribution so far. Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * How to edit a page is a concise list of technical guidelines to the wiki format we use here: how to, for example, make text boldfaced or create hyperlinks. Feel free to practice in the sandbox. If you would like a slower introduction we have a short tutorial.
 * Entry layout explained (ELE) is a detailed policy documenting how Wiktionary pages should be formatted. All entries should conform to this standard, the easiest way to do this is to copy exactly an existing page for a similar word.
 * Our Criteria for inclusion (CFI) define exactly which words Wiktionary is interested in including. There is also a list of things that Wiktionary is not for a higher level overview.
 * The FAQ aims to answer most of your remaining questions, and there are several help pages that you can browse for more information.
 * We have discussion rooms in which you can ask any question about Wiktionary or its entries, a glossary of our technical jargon, and some hints for dealing with the more common communication issues.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! If you have any questions, bring them to the Information desk, or ask me on my talk page. If you do so, please sign your posts with four tildes: ~ which automatically produces your username and the current date and time.

Again, welcome! Mglovesfun (talk) 12:24, 3 October 2010 (UTC)

Etymology
Unattested Latin forms are allowed, but not with links, so *certanus is fine but *certanus isn't, because it's not attested. Mglovesfun (talk) 12:24, 3 October 2010 (UTC)

Etymology II
Thank you for your recent edits. However, please make sure that your etymologies are sound and verified before you proceed, as some of them had to be reverted (e.g., , , etc., deriving from Latin look-alikes/cognates). But please feel free to continue making changes. Your input and time are valued and always very much appreciated! Leasnam 18:31, 12 October 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Userreus


text:
lakóház

Noun

 * 1) dwellinghouse, dwelling, house

title: lakóház


text: lakóházak

title: lakóházak


text:
effective radiated power

Noun

 * 1)  the energy of a radio frequency, determined by multiplying the transmitter power output with the antenna gain.

title: effective radiated power


text:
sydämellisesti

Adverb

 * 1) cordially

title: sydämellisesti


text:
height above average terrain

Noun

 * 1)  The height of a radio transmitter, including the antenna, as compared to the average terrain height in the surrounding area between three and sixteen kilometers from the antenna site.

title: height above average terrain


text:
équilibriste

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) balance artist entertainer who performs balances

title: équilibriste


text: équilibristes

title: équilibristes


text:
síkság

Noun

 * 1) plain, flatland (an expanse of land with very little change in elevation)

title: síkság


text: síkságok

title: síkságok


text:
klozetpapero

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) toilet paper

title: klozetpapero


text:
équilibrisme

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) balancing occupation of a performer who performs balances

title: équilibrisme


text:
convented

Adjective

 * 1)  Brought together, convened.
 * , II.3.3:
 * Socrates in a fair, seeing so many things bought and sold, such a multitude of people convented to that purpose, exclaimed forthwith, “O ye gods, what a sight of things do not I want!”

title: convented


text: klozetpaperon

title: klozetpaperon


text:
neceseja papero

Noun

 * 1)  toilet paper

title: neceseja papero


text: necesejan paperon

title: necesejan paperon


text:
Talk:maturiositude

RFV discussion
"A passion for the gathering of knowledge that typically comes on after the impatience and self-absorption of childhood has subsided." Suspiciously wordy and specific for a word used only once ever, by Woody Allen: "I think the key to wiseness is maturiositude." Equinox ◑ 15:45, 24 July 2010 (UTC)

 * RFV failed, entry deleted. —Ruakh TALK 16:50, 3 September 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:maturiositude


text:
Talk:ochophobia

RFV discussion
Couldn't find any usage. Nadando 23:48, 24 July 2010 (UTC)

 * RFV failed, entry deleted. —Ruakh TALK 16:45, 3 September 2010 (UTC)

Usage
23 May 2016 article at http://thenewswheel.com/13-phobias-that-involve-cars-driving-being-road/ mentions:
 * Motorphobia: The fear of automobiles in general, also referred to as ochophobia. This goes as far as fearing the very idea of vehicles, much less being around them.

Also has 2 interesting distinctions:
 * Vehophobia: The fear of driving. Being in vehicles might not be terrifying, but controlling one can cause severe emotional distress to some.
 * Amaxophobia: The fear of riding in a car. Even if you’re not the one behind the wheel, riding in a car can create a paralyzing sense of dread for some.

Do only sources prior to 2010 qualify? ScratchMarshall (talk) 03:12, 28 May 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:ochophobia


text:
Talk:cane fraud

RFV discussion
Zero hits for the term on Google book search. SemperBlotto 16:25, 27 July 2010 (UTC)
 * No Google Groups, News, or News Archive hits either, and a handful of Web hits. I think this can be speedily deleted. —msh210℠ (talk) 16:50, 27 July 2010 (UTC)

Not everything is found in Google books. Gotobed 16:34, 27 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Indeed. If everything were, then this entry would have been deleted instead of brought to Requests for verification. —msh210℠ (talk) 16:47, 27 July 2010 (UTC)

http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=cane+fraud
 * I think this user created the entry at urban dictionary too. ~ lexicógrafo | háblame ~ 17:31, 27 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Please see the attestation requirements at [[WT:CFI]]. —msh210℠ (talk) 16:47, 27 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Just created yesterday on Urban Dictionary (only one thumbs up!). No hits at all at scholar or news. 1 scanno, 1 invisible at bgc. The 2 hits at groups were at ineligible sites and apparently related to a soap-opera character named "Cane". There are probably some colorful terms for this kind of thing, for example, in cant, but the closest item found at OneLook by searching for "* fraud" was boring, NISoP (?) Insurance fraud. That or disability fraud might be worth an entry. DCDuring TALK 17:08, 27 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Even the 20 web hits are scannos (for "hurricane fraud", "healthcare fraud", etc), the terms separated by punctuation, or the items already mentioned. DCDuring TALK 17:15, 27 July 2010 (UTC)

Patent nonsense, deleted. Mglovesfun (talk) 17:35, 27 July 2010 (UTC)

 * Striking. —Ruakh TALK 13:43, 30 July 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:cane fraud


text:
Talk:dooblydoo

RFV discussion
Not seeing it with this spelling (I didn't look for others) on Google News, News Archive, Groups, or Books. —msh210℠ (talk) 15:18, 28 July 2010 (UTC)

 * See for one. Also if you search dooblydoo on Youtube it brings up a lot of hits. ~ lexicógrafo | háblame ~ 15:36, 28 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Please see [[WT:CFI]]'s section on attestation. Web sites are not considered durably archived, though we do count as durably archived Google's cached copy of Usenet posts. —msh210℠ (talk) 16:15, 28 July 2010 (UTC)

 * Your criteria says, Clearly widespread use, Usage in a well-known work, Appearance in a refereed academic journal, or Usage in permanently recorded media, conveying meaning, in at least three independent instances spanning at least a year. This is a clearly widespread term. ~ lexicógrafo | háblame ~ 17:19, 28 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Nah, clearly widespread means something like dog (a kind of animal) or one (a number). I don't think this qualifies. If it were widespread (let alone clearly so), don't you think it would have made it into the news at some point? As I noted above, there are no Google News or Google News Archive hits for the term. —msh210℠ (talk) 17:38, 28 July 2010 (UTC)

It's common and people would want to know what it means. I don't see why you don't want to keep it. ~ lexicógrafo | háblame ~ 23:19, 28 July 2010 (UTC)
 * The CFI requires an entry to be attested in durably archived media, which this word doesn't appear to be. The "clearly widespread use" clause is basically saying that we don't need to explicitly verify words that are very common in everyday speech, even though it would be trivially easy to do so (and indeed some have been). "dooblydoo" isn't a word I've ever heard not apparently has Msh210 so it clearly isn't in widespread everyday use. We have the attestation requirements so that we only include real words that are verifiably actually used. Thryduulf (talk) 23:27, 28 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Having now looked on goolge books, news archive, groups and scholar, the only evidence I can find is for
 * "doobly doo" in |dooblydoo#ffed07cb71de3d4e which is clearly not in the same sense (I don't actually think it means anything there, but that's irrelevant)
 * "dooblydoo" in |dooblydoo#dd4ac438050c8bc4 where it is part of the domain a domain name and thus not used in the sense given in the entry.
 * an invisible hit at |dooblydoo&q=%22doobly+doo%22#search_anchor, so I've no idea whether it is actually present (could be a scanno) but as this work is from 1991 and YouTube wasn't founded until 2005 it clearly wont be the required sense
 * In short, there is no evidence that it meets the CFI, at least not yet. It may do in the future, just like any word. Thryduulf (talk) 23:38, 28 July 2010 (UTC)

 * Well I suppose it's just a common word for an uncommon thing, which is why the media hasn't found opportunity to use it yet. ~ lexicógrafo | háblame ~ 23:34, 28 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Lexicógrafo, your citation uses "doobly-doo" and just says "for coining the word doobly-doo" - that doesn't demonstrate meaning, I could put on my blog that I coined the word "la-laa-la-laa" - so? Mglovesfun (talk) 09:39, 29 July 2010 (UTC)

 * So it's not a word that everyone's heard of. But that article using the word doobly-doo and not explaining its meaning means that the reader is expected to know what it means, which means it is a widespread term for that particular feature of the internet. No? ~ lexicógrafo | háblame ~ 14:50, 30 July 2010 (UTC)
 * No, it means someone used it, expecting his readers to know what it means. If I used homeomorphic in my dissertation without defining it (as I did), does that mean it sees widespread use? No. (Heck, then one citation would be sufficient for any word.) We require more than that. See what I wrote above, about dog and one. —msh210℠ (talk) 16:23, 30 July 2010 (UTC)
 * But if you expect them to know what it means, there's got to be a good chance that they will. Otherwise I could just throw a lot of random, obscure words into my writing and no one would have a clue what I was talking about. ~ lexicógrafo | háblame ~ 16:56, 30 July 2010 (UTC)

 * Not necessarily. People might use it self-consciously in the hope of being asked to explain it (allowing them to feel superior and part of the "in crowd"), or they might naturally expect people to Google it or to work it out from context. Equinox ◑ 17:06, 30 July 2010 (UTC)

 * In a news article? But it's the whole principle that language revolves around. I say something and I expect you to understand and get the message without me having to define every single word for you. ~ lexicógrafo | háblame ~ 17:16, 30 July 2010 (UTC)

Yesterday User:Lexicografía changed dooblydoo into an alternate spelling, moving the main entry to doobly-doo. I've had another look (for both spellings) at google books, google groups, google news, google news archive, Hansard, COCA and BNC. I found only the same three results I found previously, none of which verify the definition given. Thryduulf (talk) 11:46, 4 August 2010 (UTC)

 * RFV failed, entry deleted. —Ruakh TALK 16:40, 3 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Was re-added without cites (just one "mention", no usage). So deleted again. Equinox ◑ 15:13, 12 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:dooblydoo


text:
Talk:anepronym

RFV discussion
Looks like a dictionary-only word to me. SemperBlotto 10:25, 30 July 2010 (UTC)

 * Striking. has replaced the def with, and I've removed the  tag. —Ruakh TALK 00:48, 2 August 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:anepronym


text:
Talk:bobance

RFV discussion
Same as above, Chaucer citation predates Modern English by 100 years or so. Mglovesfun (talk) 18:51, 31 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Cited, but it wasn't all that easy. Mglovesfun (talk) 07:46, 1 August 2010 (UTC)

RFV passed. —Ruakh TALK 00:07, 5 September 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:bobance


text: fenségesebb

title: fenségesebb


text: legfenségesebb

title: legfenségesebb


text:
put case

Verb

 * 1)  To take as a hypothesis; to suppose (that).
 * 2) * 1868-1869,, The Ring and the Book
 * Put case a person wrongs me past dispute: If my legitimate vengeance be a blow, Mistrusting my bare arm can deal that blow, I claim co-operation of a stick
 * 1) * 1868-1869,, The Ring and the Book
 * Put case a person wrongs me past dispute: If my legitimate vengeance be a blow, Mistrusting my bare arm can deal that blow, I claim co-operation of a stick

title: put case


text:
fenség

Etymology
,

Noun

 * 1) grandeur, majesty, sublimity
 * 2) Highness

title: fenség


text: fenségek

title: fenségek


text: okulvitrojn

title: okulvitrojn


text: decadents

title: decadents


text:
körvonal

Noun

 * 1) outline, contour, skyline
 * 2)  outline
 * 1)  outline

title: körvonal


text: körvonalak

title: körvonalak


text:
հայեցված

Etymology
From ; see it for more.

Noun

 * 1)  glance, look
 * 2)  appearance

title: հայեցված


text:
monoklo

Noun

 * 1) monocle

title: monoklo


text:
lupeo

Noun

 * 1) magnifying glass

title: lupeo


text: adroite

title: adroite


text: adroits

title: adroits


text: adroites

title: adroites


text: habitables

title: habitables


text:
ჰანი

Etymology
From.

Pronoun

 * 1) these

Etymology
From,.

Noun

 * 1) grandmother

title: ჰანი


text:
okulvitro

Etymology
Compound of. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) eyeglasses, spectacles, pair of glasses
 * 2)  a lens of a pair of eyeglasses
 * 3) monocle
 * 1) monocle
 * 1) monocle

Usage notes
The first Esperanto dictionary, the 1894 Universala Vortaro, used plural for eyeglasses. The vicissitudes of usage have given the singular an identical meaning.

title: okulvitro


text: okulvitron

title: okulvitron


text:
Talk:discoverable

Comparative form
Hello, in this blog article, he writes
 * We chose this generic name for making the service more discoverable to the user, but the old PowerDevil name is still kept as in the C++ namespace name in the source code, and in the library files.

Is it a comparative form? Pamputt 15:26, 3 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Agreed, the way UI folks use this word it is definitely comparable.  Scott Ritchie 21:29, 21 October 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:discoverable


text:
sensibilitate

Etymology
, from. Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) sensitivity

title: sensibilitate


text:
Talk:青

Etymology - lower radical is Well or Moon?
My copy of 'Read Japanese Today' (Walsh, Len, Tuttle 1969, reprinted 2002; p.123) says the lower part of the Kanji is 'Moon', and the whole Kanji depicts the Moon rising through foliage. This rather contradicts what is given here. Does anyone have any comment on that? cheers Double Happiness 16:35, 3 October 2010 (UTC)

 * I'm not that familiar with Walsh's work, but glancing through a few sample pages at Google Books for this title, the explanations seem more like something intended to help learners remember the characters easily. The descriptions may not be representative of actual academic research into the origins.
 * (For instance, Walsh's description of 色 on page 124 does not match any character etymology I've encountered. I've more commonly seen this character referred to as two people engaged in intercourse, rather than Walsh's “peeping tom looking into a window” explanation.)
 * Walsh aside, the bottom portion of 青 is variously given as, a variation on , or , which itself apparently derives from . If you compare the seal-script forms of 青 and 丹, versus the seal-script form of 月, the 丹 character does look like the more reasonable graphical match.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │ Tala við mig 21:46, 6 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Shuowen Jiezi also explains it as 生 + 丹. — T AKASUGI Shinji (talk) 02:34, 8 April 2015 (UTC)

生=grass?
I removed the mention implying 生 meaning (exactly) grass. As far as my (admittedly limited) knowledge goes this is incorrect. I have tried to confirm this statement using the Wiktionary pages, Google Translate, my own physical copy of a JA-EN/EN-JA dictionary written by Seigo Nakao and an archived version of Animelab.com's Kanji guide and all give 生 not having the actual meaning "grass".

In Japanese (and I believe Chinese as well) 草 is to mean "grass" and while 生 in meaning "to grow" or "growth" seems in some way related to the concept of grass, I believe it shouldn't be stated so oversimplified here, without either a more detailed explanation, or a mention of this definition on the 草 page.

There is at present still a mention of 生 available on this page (growing plants) so the removal of the mention of grass shouldn't leave a gap. Although, I'm wondering if there isn't some confusion between a character depicting something and meaning something. As it stands now this is not clear and left to interpretation of the reader, which in my opinion is hardly desirable. As my understanding is still limited and the source used unknown to me, I will leave this up to a more knowledgeable editor.

OmikronWeapon (talk) 11:53, 29 May 2015 (UTC)

青 is a common joyo kanji?
How come 青 is a common joyo kanji taught in secondary school, not a Kyoiku kanji taught in Grade 1? Every page with the character classifies it as a joyo kanji, not a Grade 1 Kyoiku kanji! It is wrong! 112.198.77.242 13:33, 26 August 2015 (UTC)

 * If you find such issues in future, you're welcome to make the change yourself. Please just make sure to explain what you're doing in the "Edit summary" box on the bottom of the editing page.
 * That said, the entry is already clearly indicated as a Grade 1 kyōiku kanji.  What entry are you looking at that doesn't show this?  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 16:56, 26 August 2015 (UTC)

 * . Nibiko (talk) 00:20, 27 August 2015 (UTC)

Green
How should we cover this? In Singapore, 青 and 緑 and pretty much interchangeably, though perhaps they are distinct in China and Taiwan. The dog2 (talk) 22:11, 3 June 2021 (UTC)
 * And to complicate things, 青 is also different in HK Cantonese, where it's more of a light green. It's also hard to know what dictionaries are talking about because they do not include sample pictures of what the actual colour refers to. I don't think we can deal with this using tables, but just with definitions/usage notes. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 06:27, 4 June 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:青


text:
User:Double Happiness

Hi, thanks for dropping by.

title: User:Double Happiness


text:
հասցնել

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to deliver, to bring
 * 2) to be in time (for)
 * 1) to be in time (for)

title: հասցնել


text:
lieunga

Etymology
From, ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1)  tongue

title: lieunga


text:
Template talk:dervcat

Redlinked categories speed entry
As long as I am still creating categories, this much more useful when it creates redlinked categories for the immediate parent category. That saves a significant amount of typing. I am not taking a top-down approach to category creation. I don't believe that anyone requested the no-redlinked categories feature and certainly no one using the templates to create categories. DCDuring TALK 16:50, 3 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Thanks. DCDuring TALK 18:20, 3 October 2010 (UTC)

RFD discussion: October 2019–October 2023

 * See Category talk:English derived terms.

title: Template talk:dervcat


text:
nazumo

Noun

 * 1) pince-nez (Fundamento); eyeglasses, spectacles, pair of glasses
 * 2) * 1908, Henri Vallienne, Ĉu li?, eLibro/Inko (2003 edition), ISBN 9173031828 page 139.
 * "eo"

- Sidante ĉe sia skribotablo, turnante sian dorson al la fenestro, sinjoro Taburio starigis sian nazumon, rigardis longe kaj fikse la junulon, ne respondante, kaj petis malvarme: —Ĉu vi estas Fernando Herbeno?

title: nazumo


text: nazumon

title: nazumon


text: nazumojn

title: nazumojn


text: nazumoj

title: nazumoj


text: Category:fr:Countries in Europe

title: Category:fr:Countries in Europe


text: Category:fr:Europe

title: Category:fr:Europe


text: Category:fr:North America

title: Category:fr:North America


text: correctes

title: correctes


text: protestants

title: protestants


text: minie

title: minie


text: minies

title: minies


text: distants

title: distants


text:
lippue

Noun

 * 1)  flotilla

title: lippue


text:
lippus

Etymology
From, from. Cognate to 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) having bleary, watery, rheumy or inflamed eyes
 * 2) half-sighted, mope-eyed, purblind, myopic
 * 3) blind to one's own faults

title: lippus


text: lippues

title: lippues


text: agglutinantes

title: agglutinantes


text: rampants

title: rampants


text: rampantes

title: rampantes


text: atonals

title: atonals


text: atonales

title: atonales


text: corpulents

title: corpulents


text: corpulentes

title: corpulentes


text: partisanes

title: partisanes


text: promptes

title: promptes


text: incandescentes

title: incandescentes


text: vigilants

title: vigilants


text: flippants

title: flippants


text: flippantes

title: flippantes


text: latents

title: latents


text:
स्वयंवर

Adjective

 * 1) choosing for one's self (,, etc.)

Noun

 * 1) self-choice
 * 2) an upper-class woman's public selection of a husband (,, etc.)

title: स्वयंवर


text:
دریای اژه

Etymology
, from, itself a partial calque of.

Proper noun

 * 1) the Aegean Sea

title: دریای اژه


text: abasourdissante

title: abasourdissante


text: abasourdissants

title: abasourdissants


text: abasourdissantes

title: abasourdissantes


text: abattante

title: abattante


text: abattantes

title: abattantes


text:
भारतवर्ष

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) realm of the descendants of King Bharata, the Indian subcontinent

title: भारतवर्ष


text: abrutissante

title: abrutissante


text: abrutissants

title: abrutissants


text: abrutissantes

title: abrutissantes


text: absconses

title: absconses


text: alcalins

title: alcalins


text: alcalines

title: alcalines


text: andines

title: andines


text: anglicanes

title: anglicanes


text: Category:fr:Utah, USA

title: Category:fr:Utah, USA


text: aquitaine

title: aquitaine


text: aquitains

title: aquitains


text: aquitaines

title: aquitaines


text: arborescents

title: arborescents


text: arborescentes

title: arborescentes


text: armoricaine

title: armoricaine


text: armoricains

title: armoricains


text: armoricaines

title: armoricaines


text: ascendante

title: ascendante


text: ascendantes

title: ascendantes


text: assidus

title: assidus


text: assourdissante

title: assourdissante


text: assourdissants

title: assourdissants


text: assourdissantes

title: assourdissantes


text:
Citations:небрежение

 * 1882, Михаил Никифорович Катков, О самодержавии и конституции, II, 8
 * Но чѣмъ священнѣе для насъ это начало, тѣмъ должно быть чувствительнѣе всякое небреженіе о немъ, а еще болѣе измѣна ему со стороны лицъ призванныхъ охранять его […]

title: Citations:небрежение


text: lupeon

title: lupeon


text: lupeoj

title: lupeoj


text: lupeojn

title: lupeojn


text: larfs

title: larfs


text:
unsocked

Adjective

 * 1) Not wearing a sock or socks.

title: unsocked


text:
undecadent

Adjective

 * 1) Not decadent.

title: undecadent


text:
teledrama

Noun

 * 1) A drama made for television.

title: teledrama


text: teledramas

title: teledramas


text:
socketless

Adjective

 * 1) Without a socket.
 * 2)  Without the use of network sockets.

title: socketless


text:
dockless

Adjective

 * 1) Without a dock.
 * a dockless beach
 * a dockless laptop computer

title: dockless


text:
antitruancy

Adjective

 * 1)  Opposing or countering truancy from school.

title: antitruancy


text:
noncommunication

Noun

 * 1) Absence of communication; failure to communicate.

title: noncommunication


text:
небрежение

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  neglect, disregard

title: небрежение


text:
forebodian

Etymology
From, equivalent to. Related to, from.

Verb

 * 1) to announce, declare, forebode

title: forebodian


text:
bodian

Etymology
From

Verb

 * 1) to tell, proclaim, announce
 * 2) to boast
 * 3) to preach
 * 4) to foretell, prophesy

title: bodian


text:
Citations:dickens

Intensifier

 * c. 1597, William Shakespeare, The Merry Wives of Windsor, Act III, scene II:
 * Mrs. Page. I cannot tell what the dickens his name is.

title: Citations:dickens


text: durnedest

title: durnedest


text:
veteraĉo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) lousy weather

title: veteraĉo


text:
sperm count

Noun

 * 1) The number of spermatozoa in a given amount of ejaculate (typically one millilitre), often used as a gauge of male fertility.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 精子數
 * Finnish: siittiötiheys, siittiöluku
 * French: numération des spermatozoïdes
 * Russian:

title: sperm count


text: veteraĉon

title: veteraĉon


text: veteraĉojn

title: veteraĉojn


text: veteraĉoj

title: veteraĉoj


text: Kuğu

title: Kuğu


text: Category:tr:Baby animals

title: Category:tr:Baby animals


text:
konverso

Etymology
.

title: konverso


text:
forbreak

Etymology
From, from , from , from , equivalent to. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  To break in pieces, break up, destroy.
 * 2)  To break through, interrupt.

title: forbreak


text: Template:mt-conj/I-oo-oo

title: Template:mt-conj/I-oo-oo


text:
forbrusen

Etymology
From. See.

Verb

 * 1)  to bruise badly or exceedingly

title: forbrusen


text: gapers' blocks

title: gapers' blocks


text:
forbuy

Etymology
From, , , equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1)  To buy off; ransom; redeem (from sin, hell, etc.).
 * 2)  To stone for; gain over; bribe.

title: forbuy


text: hirdetések

title: hirdetések


text:
forcarve

Etymology
From, from , equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1)  To cut through, cut completely; to carve up; to cut off.

title: forcarve


text:
carve up

Verb

 * 1) To cut into pieces.
 * 2)  To divide or dismember, separate into parts
 * The British carved up the Ottoman Empire after World War I.

title: carve up


text:
User talk:Curmudgn

Welcome!

Hello, welcome to Wiktionary, and thank you for your contribution so far. Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * How to edit a page is a concise list of technical guidelines to the wiki format we use here: how to, for example, make text boldfaced or create hyperlinks. Feel free to practice in the sandbox. If you would like a slower introduction we have a short tutorial.
 * Entry layout explained (ELE) is a detailed policy documenting how Wiktionary pages should be formatted. All entries should conform to this standard, the easiest way to do this is to copy exactly an existing page for a similar word.
 * Our Criteria for inclusion (CFI) define exactly which words Wiktionary is interested in including. There is also a list of things that Wiktionary is not for a higher level overview.
 * The FAQ aims to answer most of your remaining questions, and there are several help pages that you can browse for more information.
 * We have discussion rooms in which you can ask any question about Wiktionary or its entries, a glossary of our technical jargon, and some hints for dealing with the more common communication issues.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! If you have any questions, bring them to the Information desk, or ask me on my talk page. If you do so, please sign your posts with four tildes: ~ which automatically produces your username and the current date and time.

Again, welcome! -- Cirt (talk) 20:35, 3 October 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Curmudgn


text: barbants

title: barbants


text: barbantes

title: barbantes


text: battante

title: battante


text: battants

title: battants


text: battantes

title: battantes


text:
સારું

Etymology
, from (compare ), from  (compare ).

Adjective

 * 1) good

title: સારું


text:
forcause

Etymology
From.

Conjunction

 * 1)  because, for the reason that.

title: forcause


text: bourrue

title: bourrue


text: bourrus

title: bourrus


text: bourrues

title: bourrues


text:
citadine

Noun

 * 1) townswoman
 * : city car

title: citadine


text: citadines

title: citadines


text: sunsistemojn

title: sunsistemojn


text: sunsistemoj

title: sunsistemoj


text: sunsistemon

title: sunsistemon


text: compromettante

title: compromettante


text: compromettants

title: compromettants


text: compromettantes

title: compromettantes


text: contigus

title: contigus


text: contiguës

title: contiguës


text: convaincante

title: convaincante


text: convaincants

title: convaincants


text: convaincantes

title: convaincantes


text: corrompue

title: corrompue


text: corrompus

title: corrompus


text: corrompues

title: corrompues


text: crochue

title: crochue


text: crochus

title: crochus


text: crochues

title: crochues


text: croustillante

title: croustillante


text: croustillants

title: croustillants


text: croustillantes

title: croustillantes


text:
User talk:Optional

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello, welcome to Wiktionary, and thank you for your contribution so far. Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * How to edit a page is a concise list of technical guidelines to the wiki format we use here: how to, for example, make text boldfaced or create hyperlinks. Feel free to practice in the sandbox. If you would like a slower introduction we have a short tutorial.
 * Entry layout explained (ELE) is a detailed policy documenting how Wiktionary pages should be formatted. All entries should conform to this standard, the easiest way to do this is to copy exactly an existing page for a similar word.
 * Our Criteria for inclusion (CFI) define exactly which words Wiktionary is interested in including. There is also a list of things that Wiktionary is not for a higher level overview.
 * The FAQ aims to answer most of your remaining questions, and there are several help pages that you can browse for more information.
 * We have discussion rooms in which you can ask any question about Wiktionary or its entries, a glossary of our technical jargon, and some hints for dealing with the more common communication issues.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! If you have any questions, bring them to the Information desk, or ask me on my talk page. If you do so, please sign your posts with four tildes: ~ which automatically produces your username and the current date and time.

Again, welcome! Mglovesfun (talk) 21:10, 3 October 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Optional


text: dirigeante

title: dirigeante


text: dirigeantes

title: dirigeantes


text: engourdies

title: engourdies


text:
sikátor

Etymology
Probably borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) alley narrow street

title: sikátor


text: Category:eo:Hawaiian mythology

title: Category:eo:Hawaiian mythology


text: sikátorok

title: sikátorok


text: fendarde

title: fendarde


text: fendards

title: fendards


text: fendardes

title: fendardes


text: Template:be-ndecl-manual

title: Template:be-ndecl-manual


text: feuillue

title: feuillue


text: feuillues

title: feuillues


text: Category:eo:Hawaii, USA

title: Category:eo:Hawaii, USA


text: Category:Belarusian templates

title: Category:Belarusian templates


text: flambants

title: flambants


text: flambantes

title: flambantes


text: florentins

title: florentins


text: ਖਰਾਬ

title: ਖਰਾਬ


text: girondine

title: girondine


text: girondins

title: girondins


text: girondines

title: girondines


text:
Havajo

Etymology
From, from. Compare 🇨🇬.

title: Havajo


text: Havajion

title: Havajion


text:
käpyillä

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to tat to produce lace by tatting

title: käpyillä


text: goulue

title: goulue


text: goulus

title: goulus


text: goulues

title: goulues


text:
gouvernante

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  governess

Noun

 * 1) governess

title: gouvernante


text: gouvernants

title: gouvernants


text: gouvernantes

title: gouvernantes


text: Havajon

title: Havajon


text:
Talk:claustrum

Etymology
I added etymology info but I don't know how to do it the way you asked for it, I'm sorry...
 * I removed it because you didn't give an etymology, it was just one cognate. You probably need to use . Mglovesfun (talk) 22:17, 3 October 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:claustrum


text:
tíkfa

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) teak

title: tíkfa


text: tíkfák

title: tíkfák


text:
чувашский

Adjective

 * 1) Chuvash

title: чувашский


text:
ингушский

Adjective

 * 1) Ingush

title: ингушский


text:
artitgel

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) article

title: artitgel


text: forclose

title: forclose


text:
hacedero

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) doable, feasible

title: hacedero


text: forcloses

title: forcloses


text: forclosing

title: forclosing


text: forclosed

title: forclosed


text:
forcut

Etymology
From, ; equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1)  To cut into; cut through; cut completely; cut in pieces; cut up; injure by cutting.

title: forcut


text:
inmueble

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) property, estate
 * 2) building
 * 1) building

title: inmueble


text:
péndola

Etymology
From, diminutive of.

Noun

 * 1)  quill

Etymology
From, diminutive of.

Noun

 * 1) pen, quill
 * 2) pendulum

title: péndola


text:
pendolista

Noun

 * 1) calligrapher

title: pendolista


text: entreprenistoj

title: entreprenistoj


text: entrepreniston

title: entrepreniston


text: epidemioj

title: epidemioj


text: entreprenistojn

title: entreprenistojn


text: epidemion

title: epidemion


text:
plievgia

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) rain, rainfall

title: plievgia


text: epidemiojn

title: epidemiojn


text:
posar-se vermell

Verb

 * 1) to redden, to blush

title: posar-se vermell


text: epididimojn

title: epididimojn


text: erupcioj

title: erupcioj


text:
erupcion

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) eruption

title: erupcion


text: erupciojn

title: erupciojn


text:
Talk:esplorado

No plural? I find that a bit odd. Mglovesfun (talk) 22:58, 3 October 2010 (UTC)
 * As well you should. Corrected it. Thanks for flagging. — Robin 02:58, 4 October 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:esplorado


text: esperoj

title: esperoj


text: Category:rm:Religion

title: Category:rm:Religion


text:
esperon

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) spur

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) spur tool used to guide a horse

title: esperon


text:
চিন্তা

Etymology
. First attested as. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 /  and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) thought
 * 2) worry
 * 1) worry

Verb

 * 1) to think
 * 2) to worry
 * 1) to worry
 * 1) to worry

Etymology
. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 /  and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) thought
 * 2) worry

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) thought, worry

title: চিন্তা


text: esperojn

title: esperojn


text: esprimoj

title: esprimoj


text: estaĵoj

title: estaĵoj


text: esprimon

title: esprimon


text: estaĵon

title: estaĵon


text:
fordede

Etymology
From, equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1)  A deed done for another, a favour.
 * 2)  A benefit.

title: fordede


text: esprimojn

title: esprimojn


text: estaĵojn

title: estaĵojn


text: estiĝoj

title: estiĝoj


text: estontecoj

title: estontecoj


text: estontoj

title: estontoj


text: estontecon

title: estontecon


text: estonton

title: estonton


text: estiĝon

title: estiĝon


text: estontecojn

title: estontecojn


text: estiĝojn

title: estiĝojn


text: estragonoj

title: estragonoj


text: estragonojn

title: estragonojn


text: estontojn

title: estontojn


text: estulon

title: estulon


text: etaĝoj

title: etaĝoj


text: estulojn

title: estulojn


text: etaĝon

title: etaĝon


text: etaĝojn

title: etaĝojn


text: eternoj

title: eternoj


text: eternojn

title: eternojn


text: eternon

title: eternon


text: tornar-se

title: tornar-se


text:
foredeal

Etymology
From earlier, from ,. Equivalent to. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. More at,.

Noun

 * 1) An advantage; benefit; profit.
 * 2)  The first place; lead; precedence; preference.
 * 3)  Progress; advancement.
 * 1)  The first place; lead; precedence; preference.
 * 2)  Progress; advancement.
 * 1)  Progress; advancement.

Verb

 * 1)  To store; lay past; keep in reserve; hoard.

Antonyms

 * (also )

title: foredeal


text: foredeals

title: foredeals


text:
suavitat

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) softness, mildness (being gentle)
 * 2) smoothness (feeling soft to the touch)

title: suavitat


text:
suau

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) soft, mild (gentle)
 * 2) smooth, soft to the touch

title: suau


text:
sarzsi

Etymology
, from, from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1)  rank, stripes
 * 2)  non-commissioned officer, warrant officer

title: sarzsi


text:
vermell

Etymology
~, from. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. .

Adjective

 * 1) red, vermilion (blood red)

Noun

 * 1) the colour red/vermilion

title: vermell


text:
petó

Etymology
From, related to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) kiss

title: petó


text: Haligonians

title: Haligonians


text:
petonejar

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to kiss, give kisses to, cover with kisses

title: petonejar


text: Category:Esperanto terms suffixed with -enda


text: Category:Esperanto terms suffixed with -inda


text:
brödskrivare

Noun

 * 1) a writer (or journalist) who writes for a living, for the daily bread (as opposed to a poet or writer with literary ambitions)
 * 2) * Jan Myrdal, Johan August Strindberg (2000), chapter 1
 * Han förblev i artonhundrasjuttiotalets Stockholm en marginell journalist och brödskrivare
 * He remained during the eighteen-seventies in Stockholm a marginal journalist and writer for a living

title: brödskrivare


text:
pagenda

Adjective

 * 1) to be paid, payable

title: pagenda


text: pagendan

title: pagendan


text: pagendajn

title: pagendajn


text: pagendaj

title: pagendaj


text:
Norilsk

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) A city in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, second largest city north of the Arctic Circle.

Translations

 * Arabic: نُورِيلْسْك
 * Belarusian: Нары́льск
 * Bulgarian: Нори́лск
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * French: Norilsk
 * Hebrew: נורילסק
 * Japanese: ノリリスク
 * Korean: ^노릴스크
 * Marathi: नोरिल्स्क
 * Mongolian: Норильск
 * Portuguese: Norilsk
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Нориљск
 * Roman: Noriljsk
 * Ukrainian: Нори́льськ

Etymology
.

Etymology
From.

title: Norilsk


text: Category:Middle English terms prefixed with for-


text:
Норильск

Etymology
From.

title: Норильск


text:
forcover

Etymology
From, equivalent to en.

Verb

 * 1)  To cover completely, cover over; to cover up, conceal.

title: forcover


text:
reĝi

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to be king, reign

title: reĝi


text: reĝu

title: reĝu


text: reĝus

title: reĝus


text: reĝos

title: reĝos


text: reĝis

title: reĝis


text: reĝas

title: reĝas


text:
পুরুষত্ব

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) masculinity, manliness, virility

title: পুরুষত্ব


text:
grallatorial

Etymology
From (former order name) (from ).

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to wading birds.
 * 2) Of legs, long and thin, as a wader.

title: grallatorial


text:
melaatse

Etymology
Inflected form of (see there for more), which derives from.

Noun

 * 1) leper

title: melaatse


text: melaatsen

title: melaatsen


text:
Talk:radix

Length of i in radix
The Elem. Lewis (which you can view online at http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=radix&la=la#lexicon) suggests that the i in radix is actually long. On the other hand, L&S leaves the i unmarked, but I suspect that this is because the reader is expected to know that -ix always has long i, whereas the length of the a is not obvious (compare duco, which is listed dūco there). Shouldn't the entry be edited to reflect this?
 * Now that you have edited, I see from another source that rādīx does have a long ī, so I have marked your edit as "patrolled" (i.e., it is okay). —AugPi 03:10, 2 February 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:radix


text: zwervers

title: zwervers


text: zwervertje

title: zwervertje


text: zwervertjes

title: zwervertjes


text:
Wiktionary:Dialects

Dialects are regional or historic (temporal) varieties of individual languages.

 * See Languages and Families for discussions of languages and of language families, respectively.

Dialectal senses, spellings, forms etc
Wiktionary uses to label as dialectal:
 * 1) alternative spellings:
 * 2)  colour
 * 3)  color
 * 4) words:
 * 5)  anorak
 * 6) inflected forms:
 * 7)  learnt
 * 8)  learned

Wiktionary uses (which stands for "accent") to label pronunciations as dialectal:

Dialects in etymologies
Wiktionary uses a small number of exceptional codes to represent specific varieties of languages in etymology sections, while not having full entries in those languages. Some may be deprecated. These codes are stored in Module:etymology languages/data.

title: Wiktionary:Dialects


text:
bekommeren

Etymology
From. Equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1)  to worry, to concern
 * 2)  to concern oneself, to worry/be worried

title: bekommeren


text:
Wiktionary:Languages

 * For a list of all language codes, see List of languages.
 * For information on how to add or remove a language from Wiktionary, see Help:Adding and removing languages.

Wiktionary includes many words in many languages. This page details the conventions and practices relating to the variety of languages on Wiktionary.

Language information
To distinguish languages, Wiktionary gives each a unique name and a unique code, which identify it. Other information is also collected.

Language names
Wiktionary calls each language it includes by a distinct name. This name is used in headers, translation tables, categories, appendices, and some other places. Most languages only have one name, but some may be known by multiple names. In this case, one of the language's names is chosen for use in Wiktionary. This name is referred to as the canonical name of the language. Canonical language names are chosen by consensus. Whenever possible, common English names of languages are used, and diacritics are avoided. Attested names (names which meet WT:CFI) are strongly preferred.

Canonical names must be unique, meaning that a name must refer to at most one language. When two or more languages are commonly known by the same name, Wiktionary distinguishes them by choosing different canonical names for each one, using a variety of means:
 * In many cases, the languages are also known by other names. One of those other names is then chosen so that it is unique. For example, the language of the Pyu city-states, though called "Pyu" by some scholars, is called "Tircul" (code: ) on Wiktionary, to distinguish it from the language of Papua New Guinea which is called "Pyu" (code:  ).
 * Alternative spellings of the same name can also be used to distinguish languages with otherwise identical names. For example, the Riang language of India and Bangladesh (code: ) goes by the name "Reang" on Wiktionary, to distinguish it from the "Riang" of Burma/Myanmar (code:  ).
 * If languages cannot be distinguished by alternative names, the place where each language is spoken is appended in parentheses after its name, as in the case of "Buli (Ghana)" (code: ) and "Buli (Indonesia)" (code:  ).
 * If languages go by the same name and are spoken in the same place, they can be disambiguated by their linguistic families. For example, "Mor (Austronesian)" (code: ) and "Mor (Papuan)" (code:  ), both of which are spoken in Indonesia.

Language codes
Each language on Wiktionary also has a unique code assigned to it, usually consisting of two or three letters. This code is used to identify languages when including templates in entries. Language names are not used in this case because they are longer and less precise, as the above section illustrates. Topical categories also use the language code as part of their names.

The list of standard language codes can be found at List of languages and the list of special language codes, including etymology-only languages, can be found at the subpage List of languages/special.

Wiktionary chooses codes for languages as follows, in order of priority:
 * 1) If the language has a two-letter code in the ISO 639-1 standard, then that code is used. Wikipedia has a list of ISO 639-1 codes.
 * 2) A few languages are represented on Wiktionary by 639-1 codes the ISO has deprecated. This is generally the case when the ISO has come to consider a lect to be a group of languages, but Wiktionary still considers it a single language. Serbo-Croatian, for example, is represented by.
 * 3) If the language has a three-letter code in the ISO 639-3 standard, then that code is used. Wikipedia has a list of ISO 639-3 codes. For translingual terms the code   is used.
 * 4) If the language has a three-letter code in the ISO 639-2 standard, then that code is used. This is quite rare.
 * 5) Any language which does not have an ISO code, but which is to be included in Wiktionary, has a new Wiktionary-specific "exceptional" code devised for it. This code consists of two parts. The first part is the nearest three-letter (ISO) family code from ISO 639-5; it is followed by a hyphen. The second part is a series of three lowercase letters which approximate the language name. (No digits, upper case letters, etc are used: IANA tags allow these, case independent, but Mediawiki software is more restrictive.) For example, Gallo is  : " " is the ISO 639-5 code for Romance languages, " " abbreviates "Gallo".
 * 6) In a very few cases, the Wikimedia Foundation Language Committee has already devised a code of this form to represent the language, using it in the subdomain part of the URL of the language's wiki projects; in that case, we use the Wikimedia code. For example, the WMF uses   for Banyumasan (the Banyumasan Wikipedia is [//map-bms.wikipedia.org map-bms.wikipedia.org]), so Wiktionary also represents Banyumasan using this code. If the Wikimedia code is of a different form, it is not used by Wiktionary; for example, Tarantino has the Wikimedia code , but the Wiktionary code.
 * 7) If no family to which the language belongs has an ISO code, or it is not known which family the language belonged to, the prefix   is used: for example, Kassite is represented by the code.
 * 8) If the language is a substrate, the prefix   is used rather than.
 * 9) Ancestor or "proto-" languages (which are generally reconstructed, though some are directly attested, like Proto-Norse) are assigned exceptional codes consisting of the language family's code with " " added to the end: Proto-Germanic, for example, is represented by the code  . Because the entire family code is used as the first part of the code, the code may be longer than seven characters: for example, Proto-Mixe-Zoque is.

Not all lects which have been assigned codes by the ISO are assigned codes or included by Wiktionary. This is the case for some constructed languages, for example. There are also many lects which the ISO has assigned codes which are not treated as distinct languages on Wiktionary. For example, the ISO assigned Moldovan/Moldavian the 639-1 code, but Wiktionary regards it as a form of Romanian and represents it and Romanian by the same code. See Language treatment for more information.

Mismatch with Wikimedia codes
In a small number of cases, there is a mismatch between the (typically ISO-derived) code used by Wiktionary to represent a language and the code used by the Wikimedia Foundation. For example, Aromanian is represented on Wiktionary and in ISO 639-3 by the code, but the WMF uses the code   and locates the Aromanian Wikipedia at [//roa-rup.wikipedia.org roa-rup.wikipedia.org]. The templates such as Template:wikipedia which Wiktionary uses to link to its sister projects accept only Wiktionary codes. To enable linking to projects (such as the Aromanian Wikipedia) for which the WMF uses special codes, Module:wikimedia languages maps Wiktionary codes to Wikimedia codes, and Module:languages performs the reverse mapping.

Language families
Wiktionary sorts languages into families. Most families are related through descent from a common ancestor, but a few are merely categories, such as "creoles and pidgins". Wiktionary records which family a language belongs to in the data modules of Module:languages. Like languages, families are represented by unique codes and have unique canonical names.

 * English belongs to the West Germanic languages (code: ).
 * Serbo-Croatian belongs to South Slavic languages (code: ).
 * Abenaki belongs to the Algonquian languages (code: ).
 * Classical Nahuatl belongs to the Nahuan languages (code: ).

Some languages are not naturally descended from other languages, but show other origins. These use special types of families:
 * The widely-used constructed language Esperanto is an artificial language (code: ).
 * Chavacano, a creole language, is grouped under the creole or pidgin languages (code: ).

Scripts used by a language
Wiktionary records which script(s) (writing systems) a language is written in as well. This information is primarily used by modules to be able to automatically detect and format non-Latin-alphabet text appropriately. Scripts, too, have unique codes and canonical names.

 * English is written in the Latin script (code: ).
 * Serbo-Croatian is written in both the Latin and the Cyrillic scripts (codes:  and  ).

Finding and organising terms in a language
Every language has a main category which contains all terms that the English Wiktionary has for that language. This category is named using the canonical name of the language, followed by the word "language". For example, the main category for English is Category:English language. If the canonical name of the language already ends in the word "language", nothing is added (hence Category:American Sign Language).

The main category for a language will have a variety of subcategories, which organise terms in various ways. The most important is the "lemma" category tree, which organises all lemmas in a language by their part of speech. As Wiktionary is always being expanded and improved upon, not all languages have their own categories yet, and certain subcategories may still be empty or missing. Categories are created as needed, when new entries are added to them. When content is added in a language lacking a category, it can simply be created using the template, as long as the name follows the standard format used by other languages.

Languages generally also have a page which contains information that is useful to users who want to create or edit entries in that language. This page is named "Wiktionary:About (canonical name of language)", for example English entry guidelines or About Spanish. These pages contain a wide variety of information, depending on what other editors have found useful to note. They may explain which templates to use, specific conventions regarding spelling, pronunciation or transliteration, and more. By convention, a shortcut redirect is created to these pages for easy access, named WT:A(language code). For example, WT:AEN redirects to About English (for which the code is ).

Storing and retrieving language information
Templates and modules use a system for storing and retrieving the various pieces of information that may be associated with a language. The module Module:languages is used to retrieve all language-related information from other modules. This module cannot be used directly in a template, so instead there is another module named Module:languages/templates, which allows templates to access the information.

An overview of all basic information about a language, such as its canonical name, alternative names, code, family or scripts, can be looked up at List of languages (or WT:LL for short). This is useful if you need to look up the code for a particular language, or need to know what the canonical name of a language is.

The data itself is not stored in Module:languages, but instead is contained in a number of data modules (see Category:Language data modules).

For instructions on how to edit this information, see the documentation of any of the data modules.

Etymology-only languages
Some lects (e.g. dialects, chronolects and topolects) are given their own language codes and can be used in many types of templates in place of full language codes, but don't have their own L2 language entries. An example is Classical Persian, which is given a code, but whose entries are listed under the ==Persian== header (corresponding to language code ). The term "etymology-only language" was originally appropriate, as these lects could generally only be used in etymology templates such as inh, bor and der, but their use has now been expanded well beyond these templates, and the term "etymology-only language" is now considered a misnomer. There is consensus (established in the Beer Parlour) to rename them to "language varieties", but this has not been done yet (as of June 2024).

The full list of etymology-only codes can be found in List of languages/special, and the source module that describes them is Module:etymology languages/data.

title: Wiktionary:Languages


text:
Wiktionary:Language families

 * For a list of all language family codes, see List of families.

Wiktionary sorts languages into families. Most families are related through descent from a common ancestor, but a few are merely categories, such as "creoles and pidgins". Wiktionary organizes language categories and derivations categories by families. Each family is represented on Wiktionary by a name and by a code.

 * See Languages and Dialects for discussions of languages and of dialects, respectively.

Family codes
Wiktionary represents families by codes. Family codes are stored in Module:families along with related data. These codes are generally three letters, or three letters followed by a hyphen followed by another three letters. Exceptionally, they may be other strings. Family codes can reasonably be used in etymology templates like, and  and of course in the namespace dedicated to reconstructions.

Genetic families
Genetic families are groups of languages which have a common ancestry. Wiktionary follows prevailing scholarship when grouping languages into genetic categories. Each genetic family has a code.

Many genetic families have an ISO 639-5 code. When one is available, it is used on Wiktionary as well. For example, the Austroasiatic languages are, the Celtic languages are  , the Germanic languages are.

When a family has no standard ISO-639-5 code, but one of its superfamilies does have a code, Wiktionary assigns it a two part exceptional code. The first part is the ISO-639-5 code of its nearest superfamily, and the second part is a series of three lowercase letters which generally approximate the name of the family. For example, the Pama-Nyungan family is : " " is the ISO 639-5 code for Australian languages, " " abbreviates "Pama-Nyungan". The Brythonic languages are ; Jewish Aramaic languages are  ; South Bird's Head languages are.

When neither a family nor any of its superfamilies has an ISO 639-5 code, the special code " " is used as the first part, with the "q..." range being allowed by the ISO for private use and "fa" standing for "family". (This system was devised on IRC and in the BP.) For example, the Misumalpan languages are.

Non-genetic categories and isolates
Not all language groupings are genetic. Some groups contain languages with other common properties, or languages spoken in a certain area. The following are recognised:

 * = Artificial/constructed languages, which are purposely created by linguists or hobbyists. Some may be widely used (such as Esperanto), but most are only limited to small communites (like Láadan).
 * = Creole or pidgin languages, which developed as a means of communication between groups that had no common language. For example, Krio, Zamboanga Chavacano, Greenlandic Eskimo Pidgin.
 * = Sign languages (such as ASL), which are not spoken but communicated through gesturing.
 * = Mixed languages, which formed by roughly equal mixing of two or more languages, usually by speakers that spoke the source languages fluently.
 * = Language isolates, which have no demonstrated relationship to any other language (such as Ainu).
 * = Languages that do not belong to a family in principle, because they are not true languages. "Translingual", "Undetermined" and "substrate"  are not languages, and cannot be considered members of any family. This code is also used for groupings of languages which are treated on Wiktionary as families, but which are not related. The preceding special family codes themselves also use this code.

Family names

 * All family names should be defined as English words in their respective Wiktionary entries.
 * Each family is consistently referred by only one name, to be used in etymologies and elsewhere. When there are two or more possible names, one of them is chosen.
 * For clarity, avoid using the same name for both a family and a language if possible; for instance, a certain family may be called Japanese or Japonic, but since there is already a Japanese language, Japonic is a better name for the family. (However, some homonymy cannot be avoided: for example, there is both a Kipchak language and a Kipchak language family.)
 * Multiple names of families should also eventually be listed in the sections synonyms or alternative forms at each entry.

title: Wiktionary:Language families


text:
dierendag

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1) animal day (, celebrated on 4 October).

title: dierendag


text:
voorzitster

Etymology
From.

title: voorzitster


text: voorzitsters

title: voorzitsters


text:
dierenbescherming

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1) protection of animals: i.e., (defense of) animal rights
 * 2) society for humane treatment of animals

title: dierenbescherming


text:
Werelddierendag

Proper noun

 * 1)  (4 October)

title: Werelddierendag


text:
dierenrechten

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) animal rights

title: dierenrechten


text:
commercie

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , from +. See,.

Noun

 * 1)  commerce
 * 2) commercialism

title: commercie


text:
კოღო

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) mosquito

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) mosquito

title: კოღო


text:
ยุง

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Compare 🇨🇬 (from Pre-Hlai *C-ɲuːŋ).

Noun

 * 1) mosquito.

title: ยุง


text:
spreekuur

Etymology
From.

title: spreekuur


text: spreekuren

title: spreekuren


text: bla bla blas

title: bla bla blas


text:
overlijdensdatum

Etymology
From.

title: overlijdensdatum


text:
geboortedatum

Noun

 * 1) date of birth

title: geboortedatum


text: geboortedata

title: geboortedata


text: overlijdensdata

title: overlijdensdata


text: processies

title: processies


text: processietje

title: processietje


text: processietjes

title: processietjes


text:
wegrit

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  road race

title: wegrit


text: wegritten

title: wegritten


text:
tijdrit

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1) A time trial, race against the clock.

title: tijdrit


text: tijdritten

title: tijdritten


text:
wereldtitel

Noun

 * 1) world title

title: wereldtitel


text:
noodtoestand

Etymology
From. Equivalent to.

Etymology
Compound of.

title: noodtoestand


text: noodtoestanden

title: noodtoestanden


text:
opstandig

Adjective

 * 1) rebellious

title: opstandig


text: User:Daniel Carrero/Sandbox3

title: User:Daniel Carrero/Sandbox3


text: politieagenten

title: politieagenten


text: bezuinigingen

title: bezuinigingen


text: User:Daniel Carrero/Sandbox4

title: User:Daniel Carrero/Sandbox4


text:
kraakverbod

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) prohibition against squatting (government decree)

title: kraakverbod


text: oranĝarbon

title: oranĝarbon


text:
mất mặt

Etymology
🇰🇲. Sense 1 is likely a calque of Chinese.

Verb

 * 1) to lose face
 * 2) to disappear
 * 1) to disappear
 * 1) to disappear
 * 1) to disappear

title: mất mặt


text:
User:Robin Lionheart/creation.js

/* Automatically create form-of entries based on meta-data within entries. /** * Escape the values we are passing to AutoEdit */ //AutoEdit irritatingly doesn't undo %XX encodings, so we can't send them. //FIXME: Not a lot we can do about &s maybe patch AutoEdit. function get_escape (get) { return get.replace (/&/g,"%26"); //This shouldn't do anything to variables. } function clean_regexp (re) { return re.replace (/([\\\*\+\[\]\{\}\(\)\.~])/g,"\\$1"); } function clean_variable (va) { return va.replace (/([\\~])/g,"\\$1").replace(/&/g,'{'+'{subst:⅋}}').replace(/#/,'{'+'{subst:♯}}'); //Yucky HACK } function variable (needle, replacement) { return get_escape ('s~{'+'{'+'{' + clean_regexp (needle) + '}}}~' + clean_variable (replacement) + '~g;') } /** * Variables in the templates. */ // The page's language. function set_lang (lang) { //Override linking for Galician if (lang == 'gl') lang = 'gl|l='; return variable ('lang', lang); } // The optional language parameter to give to a template (either '' for english, or '|lang=xx') function set_template_lang (lang, form) { if(lang == 'tr' || lang == 'az') { //This is HORRIBLE! support for { {inflection of}} which puts its parameters // After the linked word (instead of before :       if (form == 'definite-plural')            return variable('template-lang', '||definite|p|lang=' + lang);        else if (form == 'definite-accusative')            return variable('template-lang', '||definite|acc|s|lang=' + lang);        else if (form == 'plural-definite-accusative')            return variable('template-lang', '||definite|acc|p|lang=' + lang);        else if (form == 'dative')            return variable('template-lang', '||dat|s|lang=' + lang);        else if (form == 'plural-dative')            return variable('template-lang', '||dat|p|lang=' + lang);        else if (form == 'locative')            return variable('template-lang', '||loc|s|lang=' + lang);        else if (form == 'plural-locative')            return variable('template-lang', '||loc|p|lang=' + lang);        else if (form == 'ablative')            return variable('template-lang', '||abl|s|lang=' + lang); else if (form == 'plural-ablative') return variable('template-lang', '||abl|p|lang=' + lang); else if (form == 'genitive') return variable('template-lang', '||definite|gen|s|lang=' + lang); else if (form == 'plural-genitive') return variable('template-lang', '||definite|gen|p|lang=' + lang); }   // Did I say the last one was horrible?... else if (lang == 'gd' && form == 'genitive-and-plural') {       return variable('template-lang', '|lang=gd}}%0A%23 {'+'{plural of|l=}}|' + wgTitle + '|lang=gd'); }   return variable ('template-lang', ((lang == '' || lang == 'en') ? '' : '|lang=' + lang)); } function get_gender_template (gender, lang) { } //The gender template with a leading space (or an empty string if no gender) function set_gender_template (gender, lang) { if (lang == 'he') return variable ('gender-template', ' {'+'{romanization of Hebrew}}') if (lang == 'bg') return variable ('gender-template', ' ['+'[Category:Bulgarian terms lacking transliteration]]') gender = gender.replace('pl','p'); if (gender.length == 0) { return variable ('gender-template', ''); } else { return variable ('gender-template', '{'+'{'+ gender.split('').join('|') + '}}'); } } //The optional |g= argument to { {infl}} function set_template_gender (gender, lang, form) { if (form == 'diminutive-plural') return variable('template-gender','|plural=1'); if (lang == 'ca') return variable('template-gender','|' + gender); if (form == 'plural' && gender.indexOf('p') < 0) gender += 'p'; gender = gender.replace('pl','p') if (gender.length == 0) return variable('template-gender',''); else if (gender.replace('pl','p').length == 1) return variable('template-gender', '|g=' + gender) else { genders = gender.split(''); output = '' for(var i=0; i<genders.length;i++) output += '|g' + (i? i+1 : '') +'=' + genders[i] return variable('template-gender', output); } } //Form of templates for genders. These are the ones that exist, if we need others, //either create them or use { {form-of}} manually. function gender_form (gender) { if (gender == 'mpl') { return 'masculine plural'; } else if (gender == 'f') { return 'feminine'; } else if (gender == 'fpl') { return 'feminine plural'; } else if (gender == 'n') { return 'neuter'; } else if (gender == 'mfpl'){ return 'plural'; } else { throw("Not simple gender?!"); } } // This pages name. // Returns in PIPED format. Which, while kind of bad, works as either embedded in %s or { {template|%s}} // and most templates take an optional display parameter as the first after the link. function set_origin (given, lang) { //Remove links from given parameters, and unencode underscores to spaces if (given) { given = given.replace(/\[\[([^\|\]])*\|?([^\]]+)\]\]/g,"$2").replace(/_/g,' '); if (lang && lang != 'en') return variable ('origin', wgTitle + '#{'+'{subst:' + lang + '|l=}}|' + given); else return variable ('origin', wgTitle + '|' + given); }   if (lang && lang != 'en') return variable('origin', wgTitle + '#{'+'{subst:' + lang + '|l=}}|' + wgTitle); else return variable ('origin', wgTitle); } // The page we are about to create with links on individual words. function set_pagename_linked_and_template_head (link, lang, form) { var pagename = (link.innerText || link.textContent); var op = pagename; pagename = pagename.replace (/([ -])/g,"]]$1[[") // the dutch adjective forms use templatised headings instead of pagename-linked (EWW) if (lang == 'nl') { if (form.match(/^comparative/)) return variable('pagename-linked', '{'+'{nl-adj-comp}}'); if (form.match(/^superlative/)) return variable('pagename-linked', '{'+'{nl-adj-sup}}'); }   if (op != pagename) { pagename = +pagename+; return variable('pagename-linked', pagename) + variable('template-head','|head=' + pagename) }  return variable('pagename-linked', pagename) + variable('template-head',''); } function set_template_sc (lang) { var sc; switch (lang) { case 'he': sc = 'Hebr'; break; default: return variable('template-sc',''); }   return variable('template-sc','|sc='+sc) } //The form-of template we are to use - used for the basic verbs. function set_form_template (form, lang, gender, link) { var formof = form.replace(/-/g,' '); if (lang == 'eo') { return variable('form-template', 'eo-form of'); }   if (lang == 'sv' && (form.match(/^superlative/) || form.match(/^comparative/) || form.match(/^positive/))) { tmp = false; switch (form+' '+gender) { case 'positive n': tmp = 'sv-adj-form-abs-indef-n'; break; case 'positive m': tmp = 'sv-adj-form-abs-def-m'; break; case 'positive-definite ': tmp = 'sv-adj-form-abs-def'; break; case 'positive-plural ': tmp = 'sv-adj-form-abs-pl'; break; case 'comparative ': if (get_part_of_speech(link) == 'Adjective') tmp = 'sv-adj-form-comp'; else tmp = 'sv-adv-form-comp'; break; case 'superlative-attributive m': tmp = 'sv-adj-form-sup-attr-m'; break; case 'superlative-attributive-definite ': tmp = 'sv-adj-form-sup-attr'; break; case 'superlative-attributive-plural ': tmp = 'sv-adj-form-sup-attr-pl'; break; case 'superlative-predicative ': tmp = 'sv-adj-form-sup-pred'; break; case 'superlative ': tmp = 'sv-adv-form-sup'; break; default: throw("Unknown sv template."); }       return variable('form-template', tmp); }   if (formof == 'plural' && lang=='es') { return variable('form-template','plural of|nocat=1') }   if (formof == 'construct') { return variable('form-template', "form of|" + formof.replace("-"," ") + " form"); }   if (lang == 'da') { return variable('form-template', "form of|" +formof.replace("-"," ")); } else if (lang == 'tr' || lang == 'az' ) { return variable('form-template', 'inflection of'); }   if (formof == 'positive') { formof = gender_form (gender) if (formof == 'plural') { return variable('form-template',"form of|plural"); }   } else { formof = formof.replace('third person', 'third-person'); formof = formof.replace('simple past and participle', 'past'); }   if (formof == "diminutive plural") return variable("form-template", "diminutive of|plural=1"); if (lang == 'gd' && formof == 'genitive and plural') { formof = 'genitive' }   formof = formof + ' of'; return variable('form-template', formof); } //The part of speech, normally determined by other means. function get_part_of_speech (link) { var node = link; while(node) { while (node.previousSibling) { node = node.previousSibling; if (node.nodeType == 1 && node.nodeName.match(/^[hH][3456]$/)) { return node.lastChild.innerHTML.replace(/^[1-9.]* /,''); }       }        node = node.parentNode; }   throw("This entry seems to be formatted incorrectly."); } function set_part_of_speech (link,lang,form) { if (lang=='da') return variable('part-of-speech', 'Verb'); return variable('part-of-speech', get_part_of_speech(link)); } /** * Check if we know of a template that will do the job. * Use an explicit list to make it harder to subvert. */ function get_preload_template (form, lang, link) { var prefix = 'User:Conrad.Irwin/creation.js/'; if (lang == 'es') { return prefix + 'inflForm'; }   else if (lang == 'da' && form.match(/genitive/)) { return prefix + 'inflNoun'; }   else if (lang == 'tr' || lang == 'az' || (lang == 'ca' && form == 'plural')) { return prefix + 'caNoun'; }   if (lang == 'sv' && (form.match(/^superlative/) || form.match(/^comparative/) || form.match(/^positive/))) { return prefix + 'swAd'; }   if (lang == 'nl' && form == 'diminutive') return prefix + 'nlDiminutive'; if (lang == 'nl' && (form == 'comparative' || form == 'superlative')) return prefix + 'complexAdjective'; if (lang == 'he') { switch (form) { case 'plural': case 'construct': return prefix + 'inflNoun'; default: return false; }   }else{ switch (form) { case 'plural' : case 'diminutive' : case 'genitive' : case 'diminutive-plural' : case 'genitive-and-plural': return prefix + 'basicNoun'; case 'plural-definite': case 'plural-indefinite': case 'singular-definite': case 'vocative': case 'singular-vocative': case 'plural-vocative': return prefix + 'inflNoun'; case 'third-person-singular': case 'present-participle': case 'simple-past': case 'past-participle': if(lang=='da') return prefix+'inflForm'; case 'simple-past-and-participle': return prefix + 'basicVerb'; case 'present': case 'past': case 'infinitive': case 'imperative': return prefix + 'inflForm'; case 'positive': return prefix + 'positiveAdjective'; case 'comparative': case 'superlative': case 'exaggerated': if ((lang == 'hu' || lang == 'cs' || lang == 'sl') && get_part_of_speech(link) == 'Adverb') return prefix + 'basicAdverb'; return prefix + 'basicAdjective'; default: return false; }   } } function unAnchorEncode(x) { return decodeURI(x.replace(/\./g, '%')); } /** * Convert a raw new link into a snazzy one. */ function add_create_button (details, link) { var d = { lang: 'en', lang2: null, gender: '', form: '', origin: wgTitle, given_origin: false, pos: get_part_of_speech(link), target: (link.innerText || link.textContent) }   for (var i = 0;i < details.length; i++) { if (details[i].match(/(^| +)([^ ]+)-form-of( +|$)/)) { d.form = RegExp.$2; } else if (details[i].match(/(^| +)lang-([^ ]+)( +|$)/)) { d.lang = RegExp.$2; } else if (details[i].match(/(^| +)lang2-([^ ]+)( +|$)/)) { d.lang2 = RegExp.$2; } else if (details[i].match(/(^| +)gender-(([mfn]+|c)(pl)?)( +|$)/)) { d.gender = RegExp.$2; } else if (details[i].match(/(^| +)origin-(.+)( +|$)/)) { d.given_origin = unAnchorEncode(RegExp.$2); } else if (details[i].match(/(^| +)transliteration-(.+)( +|$)/)) { d.transliteration = unAnchorEncode(RegExp.$2); }   }    var workerHref = ''; try { if (d.pos && (preload = get_preload_text(d))) { workerHref = '&preloadtext=' + encodeURIComponent(preload); } else if (d.pos && (preload = get_preload_template(d.form, d.lang, link)) ) { if (d.lang == 'io' && d.origin.indexOf('-') > 0) { return; /* request of User:Razorflame */ } workerHref = '&preload=' + encodeURIComponent(preload) + '&autoedit=' + ((d.lang == 'sv' || d.lang == 'es' || d.lang == 'da') ? set_part_of_speech (link,d.lang,d.form) : '') + set_lang (d.lang) + set_template_lang (d.lang, d.form) + set_gender_template (d.gender, d.lang) + set_template_gender(d.gender, d.lang, d.form) + set_origin (d.given_origin, d.lang2 ? d.lang2 : d.lang) + set_pagename_linked_and_template_head (link, d.lang, d.form) + set_form_template (d.form, d.lang, d.gender, link) + set_template_sc (d.lang) }       if (workerHref) { link.href += '&editintro=User:Conrad.Irwin/creation.js/intro' + workerHref + '&preloadsummary=' + encodeURIComponent(                       'Creating ' + d.form + ' form of ' + d.origin                        + ' (Accelerated)' ) + '&preloadminor=true'; link.style.color = '#22CC00'; }       }catch(e) { } } /** * For many languages the above is far too limiting - so let's define some more powerful functions. * * The functions are structured top-down, this allows innermost functions to just return text that is * wrapped by outer functions, seems to result in shorter code, but should probably be refactored out :p. * * So each "declaration function" accepts a function (f) and returns an "edit function". * and each "edit function" accepts some details (d) and returns the text to be wrapped (by calling f(d) where necessary) */ function get_preload_text(d) { try{ return get_preload_text[d.lang](d); } catch (e) { return false; } } /** These templates are for constructing preloadtext manually */ function language_header(f) { return function (d) { return "=={"+"{subst:" + d.lang + "|l=}}==\n\n" + f(d);}; } // Find the part of speech by looking at the current part of speech heading function default_pos(f) { return function (d) { return "===" + d.pos + "===\n" + f(d); }; } // PAGENAME function bolded_infl(f) { return function (d) { var pagename = d.target; var np = pagename.replace(/([ -])/g,"]]$1[[") if (np != pagename && !/(^\]\])|(\[\[$)/.test(np)) pagename =  + np + ; return "" + pagename + "" + (           d.gender ?  ' {'+'{'+ d.gender.replace('pl','p').split().join('|') + '}}' :         ) + "\n\n" + f(d); }; } // { {infl|fr|...}} function infl_template(f) { return function (d) { return "{"+"{infl|" + d.lang + "|" + (           d.gender.indexOf('pl') > -1 ? 'plural' : d.pos.toLowerCase        ) + (            (d.gender ? "|g=" + d.gender.replace('pl','') : "") + (d.gender.indexOf('pl') > -1 ? '|g2=p' : '')       ) + "}}\n\n" + f(d); } } // function posless_infl(f) { return function (d) { return '{' + '{head|' + d.lang + '}}\n\n' + f(d); } } // { {fa-word}} function persian_infl(f) { return function(d) { var infl = '{'+'{fa-word' + (d.transliteration ? ('|tr=' + d.transliteration) : '') + '}}'; return infl + "\n\n" + f(d); } } // All definition lines start with # function definition_line(f) { return function (d) { return "# " + f(d) + "\n"; }; } // Add the count page hack if the entry contains no links function count_page(f) { return function (d) { var content = f(d); if (content.indexOf('[[Wiktionary:Page count}}";       return content;    } } // Common part of eo function eo_form_of(f) {    return function (d) { return '{'+'{eo-form of|' + f(d) + '}}'; }; } // These ones always seem to happen toegether function basic_entry(f) {    return count_page( language_header( default_pos( f ) ) ); } // English get_preload_text.en =    basic_entry( bolded_infl( definition_line(    function(d) {        var formof = d.form.replace(/-/g, ' ');        formof = formof.replace('third person', 'third-person');        formof = formof.replace('simple past and participle', 'past');        return '{' + '{' + formof + ' of|' + d.origin + '}}';    } ))); // Esperanto get_preload_text.eo =    basic_entry( infl_template( definition_line( eo_form_of(            function (d) {                var origin = d.origin;                    //Nouns                if (origin.substr(origin.length - 1) == 'o') {                    var base = origin.substr(0, origin.length - 1) + '|o';                    var proper = d.pos == 'Proper noun';                    switch(d.form) {                        case 'uncountable-accusative':                            return base.replace(/([ao]) /, '|$1n|') + 'n|unc=yes';                        case 'plural':                            return base.replace(/([ao]) /, '|$1j|') + 'j' + (proper ? '-proper' : );                        case 'accusative':                            return base.replace(/([ao]) /, '|$1n|') + 'n' + (proper ? '-properpl' : );                        case 'accusative-plural':                            return base.replace(/([ao]) /, '|$1jn|') + 'jn' + (proper ? '-properpl' : );                        default:                            return preload_text_error;                    }                    //Adjectives                } else if (origin.substr(origin.length - 1) == 'a') {                    var base = origin.substr(0, origin.length - 1) + '|a';                    switch(d.form) { // These names mirror those used for other languages                        case 'definite-plural':                            return base.replace(/([ao]) /, '|$1j|') + 'j';                        case 'definite-accusative':                            return base.replace(/([ao]) /, '|$1n|') + 'n';                        case 'plural-definite-accusative':                            return base.replace(/([ao]) /, '|$1jn|') + 'jn';                        default:                            return preload_text_error;                    }                }                return preload_text_error;            } )))); // Persian get_preload_text.fa =    basic_entry( persian_infl ( definition_line( function (d) {        if (d.form == 'comparative')            return '{'+'{fa-adj-form|c|' + d.origin + '}}';        else if(d.form == 'superlative')            return '{'+'{fa-adj-form|s|' + d.origin + '}}';        else            return preload_text_error;    } ))); // French get_preload_text.fr =    basic_entry( infl_template( definition_line( function (d) {        var template = { 'f-singular':'feminine of', 'fpl-other-plural':'feminine plural of', 'fpl-plural': 'plural of', 'mpl-plural': 'plural of', 'mpl-other-plural':'masculine plural of'};        if (template[d.gender + '-' + d.form])            return ;        return preload_text_error;    } ))); get_preload_text.pl =    basic_entry( bolded_infl( definition_line( function (d) {        var formof = d.form.replace(/-/g, ' ');        formof = formof.replace('third person', 'third-person');        formof = formof.replace('simple past and participle', 'past');        return '{' + '{' + formof + ' of|' + d.origin + '|lang=' + d.lang + (d.pos == 'Adverb' ? '|POS=adverb' : ) + '}}';    } ))); get_preload_text.nl =    basic_entry( posless_infl( definition_line( function (d) {        var arg;        switch (d.form) {            case 'plural':                arg = 'pl=1';                break;            case 'diminutive':                arg = 'dim=1';                break;            case 'diminutive-plural':                arg = 'dim=1|pl=1';                break;            default:                return preload_text_error;        }        return ;    } ))); /** A sanely named wrapper around throw */ function preload_text_error { throw true; } /** * Recursively find first red link in "form-of" spans. * FIXME: would be better to return an array as multiple params often occur */ function find_red_link (span) {    var poss = span.firstChild;    while (poss) {        if(poss.nodeType == 1) {            if (poss.nodeName.toUpperCase  == 'A' && poss.className.indexOf('new') >= 0)                return poss;            else if (recurse = find_red_link(poss))                return recurse;        }        poss = poss.nextSibling;    }    return null; } /** * Recursively find anything tagged with "form-of" */ function find_form_of_spans  {    if (typeof(document.getElementsByClassName) == 'function') {        return document.getElementsByClassName('form-of');    } else {        var spans = document.getElementsByTagName ('span');        var form_ofs = new Array ;        for (var i=0; i<spans.length; i++) {            if (spans[i].className.match(/(^| +)form-of( +|$)/)) {                form_ofs.push (spans[i]);            }        }        return form_ofs;    } } /** * Get the show on the road */ $( function  {    // Mainspace only.    if (wgNamespaceNumber && wgPageName != 'Wiktionary:Sandbox')        return;    poss = find_form_of_spans ;    for (var i = 0;i<poss.length; i++) {        var link = find_red_link (poss[i]);        if (link) {            add_create_button (poss[i].className.replace(/(^| +)form-of( +|$)/,'').split(' '), link);        }    } } );

title: User:Robin Lionheart/creation.js


text:
twinborn

Adjective

 * 1) born a twin or twins
 * twinborn sisters

title: twinborn


text:
পেনিস

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) penis

title: পেনিস


text:
Nakhichevan

Etymology
Ultimately from. The immediate source of the spelling is.

Translations

 * Arabic: نَاخِيتْشِيفَان
 * Armenian: Նախիջևան
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bulgarian: Нахичеван
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * French:
 * Georgian: ნახიჩევანი, ნახიჭევანი, ნახჭევანი
 * German: Nachitschewan
 * Greek: Ναχιτσεβάν
 * Hebrew: נחיצ'יבאן
 * Irish: Nacaiseaváin
 * Japanese: ナヒチェヴァン
 * Korean: ^나히체반
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Persian: نخجوان
 * Portuguese: Nakhichevan
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: Najicheván
 * Tajik: Нахҷувон
 * Turkish: Nahçıvan
 * Western Panjabi: نخچیوان

 * Armenian: Նախիջեւան
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Georgian: ნახიჩევანი
 * Irish: Nacaiseaváin
 * Kumyk: Нахичеван
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: Najicheván

title: Nakhichevan


text:
kılıf

Etymology
From. See also.

Noun

 * 1) sheath
 * 2)  condom
 * 3)  case (for a phone)
 * 1)  case (for a phone)

title: kılıf


text:
টি-শার্ট

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) T-shirt

title: টি-শার্ট


text:
শার্ট

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) shirt

title: শার্ট


text:
карельский

Adjective

 * 1) Karelian

title: карельский


text:
Varsovan sopimus

Proper noun

 * 1) Warsaw Convention
 * 2) the treaty by which the  was established in 1955

title: Varsovan sopimus


text: oranĝarbojn

title: oranĝarbojn


text:
удмуртский

Adjective

 * 1) Udmurt

title: удмуртский


text:
Varsovan liitto

Proper noun

 * 1) Warsaw Pact organization

title: Varsovan liitto


text:
প্রকারণ

Noun

 * 1)  variation

title: প্রকারণ


text: oranĝarboj

title: oranĝarboj


text:
User:Robin Lionheart/common.js

/* global $, mw, pathoschild */

/** * TemplateScript adds configurable templates and scripts to the sidebar, and adds an example regex editor. * @see https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/TemplateScript * @update-token */ $.ajax('//tools-static.wmflabs.org/meta/scripts/pathoschild.templatescript.js', { dataType:'script', cache:true }).then(function {	pathoschild.TemplateScript.add([ {			name: 'Grease New eo form', script: neweoform },		//{		//	name: 'standardization and cleanup', //	script: standardize //},		//{		//	name: 'new eo animal', //	script: new_eo_animal //},		//{		//	name: 'new eo animal adj', //	script: new_eo_animal_a //},		//{		//	name: 'new eo animal ido', //	script: new_eo_animal_ido //}	]); });

// ==UserScript== // @name          Wiktionary Esperanto Forms // @namespace     http://www.robinlionheart.com/ // @include       http://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=* // ==/UserScript==

function debug(msg) { console.log(msg); //alert(msg); }

function neweoform(editor) { // sanity check: check if we're running this on the wrong page if(editor.action !== 'edit') { debug("abort: no edit form"); return; }

var pagetitle = mw.config.get('wgPageName');

// if this looks like a new topic cat, fill in topic cat template var preventry = editor.get; if (preventry == "") { debug("no entry, check for preload text"); preventry = mw.util.getParamValue('preloadtext'); debug("preventry: " + preventry); }	if (pagetitle.substr(0,9) == "Category:" && pagetitle.charAt(11) == ':') { var lang = pagetitle.substr(9,2); var tcat = pagetitle.substr(12); //debug("Yes, it is");

editor.options({ minor: true });

if (preventry == "") { editor .set("{"+"{topic cat|" + lang + "|" + tcat + "}}") .setEditSummary("New topic cat for " + tcat); }		else debug("abort: previous category entry");

return; }

// don't get involved with anything else with a colon // ex. "User talk:", "Wiktionary:" if (pagetitle.indexOf(':') != -1) { debug("abort: page name has colon"); return; }

// if a subst:new eo form's there, our work here is already done if (preventry.indexOf("{\{subst:new eo form") != -1) { debug("abort: subst form already there"); return; }

// if a part of speech template is already there, abort if ((preventry.indexOf("{\{eo-noun") != -1)	   || (preventry.indexOf("{\{eo-proper noun") != -1)	    || (preventry.indexOf("{\{eo-verb") != -1)	    || (preventry.indexOf("{\{eo-adj") != -1)	    || (preventry.indexOf("{\{eo-adv") != -1)	    || (preventry.indexOf("{\{eo-con") != -1)	    || (preventry.indexOf("{\{eo-intj") != -1)	    || (preventry.indexOf("{\{eo-part-sublemma") != -1)	    || (preventry.indexOf("{\{eo-phrase") != -1)	   ) { debug("abort: part of speech template found"); return; }

// if no header for a part of speech with endings, abort if (preventry != ""	   && (preventry.indexOf("===Noun===") == -1)	    && (preventry.indexOf("===Proper noun===") == -1)	    && (preventry.indexOf("===Verb===") == -1)	    && (preventry.indexOf("===Adjective===") == -1)	    && (preventry.indexOf("===Adverb===") == -1)	   ) { debug("abort: no header for a part of speech with endings"); return; }

// are we editing a whole page with an Esperanto subsection? debug("checking: is there an Esperanto subsection?"); var before = "", after = ""; var strbegin = preventry.indexOf("==Esperanto=="); if (strbegin > 0) { //debug("Esperanto subsection detected."); window.status = "Please edit the Esperanto section directly next time.";

// save everything before ==Esperanto==, // for when we rewrite the textbox contents before = preventry.substr(0, strbegin); preventry = preventry.substr(strbegin); }	strbegin = 0;

// anything afterward we need to preserve? debug("checking: anything after to preserve?"); const preserveafter = [ "", 		// following section? "\n{{count page|",	// counter? "\n[[",			// interwiki links?		"\n#*", 		// quotation?		"\n#:"			// sample text?	];	var minpos = preventry.length;	for (i in preserveafter) {		pos = preventry.indexOf(preserveafter[i])		if (pos != -1 && pos < minpos) minpos = pos;	}	// save everything afterward then, for when we replace textbox	after = preventry.substr(minpos);	preventry = preventry.substr(0,minpos);	// if (before != "" || after != "") debug("before: " + before + " after: " + after);

var stem, ending, templatecall;

// if there's an eo-form-of, grab parameters from that debug("checking: is there a eo-form-of template already?"); strbegin = preventry.indexOf("{\{eo-form of|"); if (strbegin != -1) { debug("found 'eo-form of'"); // just stick the contents of that into new eo form, then if (			preventry.substr(0, strbegin) == ("==Esperanto==\n\n===Noun===\n" + pagetitle + "\n\n# ")			|| preventry.substr(0, strbegin) == ("==Esperanto==\n\n===Adjective===\n" + pagetitle + "\n\n# ")			|| preventry.substr(0, strbegin) == ("==Esperanto==\n\n===Verb===\n" + pagetitle + "\n\n# ")		) { //debug("before: " + before + "\nafter: " + after + "\n\nerasing pre-form-of matter"); // nothing before the form of that needs saving preventry = preventry.substr(strbegin); strbegin = 0; }

strbegin += 13;

var strend = preventry.indexOf("}}", strbegin); stem = preventry.substring(strbegin, strend); ending = ""; preventry = preventry.substr(strend + 2);

templatecall = "subst:new eo form|" + stem;

// trim linefeeds while (preventry.charAt(0) == ' ' || preventry.charAt(0) == '\n') preventry = preventry.substr(1);

// anything unaccounted for? speak up about it		var debugmsg = "extracted '" + stem + "' from eo-form of"; if (preventry) debugmsg += "\nleftovers: '" + preventry + "'"; debug(debugmsg); } else { debug("no, do it the hard way"); ending = pagetitle;

// check endings const endings = [ /*			'antajn', 'antojn', 'intajn', 'intojn', 'ontajn', 'ontojn', // 'untajn', 'untojn', // uncomment if you need them 'antaj', 'antan', 'antoj', 'anton', 'intaj', 'intan', 'intoj', 'inton', 'ontaj', 'ontan', 'ontoj', 'onton', 'atojn', 'itojn', 'otojn', // 'untaj', 'untan', 'untoj', 'unton', 'anta', 'anto', 'ante', 'ataj', 'atan', 'atoj', 'aton', 'inta', 'into', 'inte', 'itaj', 'itan', 'itoj', 'iton', 'onta', 'onto', 'onte', 'otaj', 'otan', 'otoj', 'oton', // 'unta', 'unto', 'unte', // 'utaj', 'utan', 'utoj', 'uton', 'ata', 'ato', 'ita', 'ito', 'ota', 'oto', // 'uta', 'uto', 'ajn', 'ojn', 'as', 'is', 'os', 'us', 'aj', 'an', 'oj', 'on', 'u', 'a', 'o', 'e', 'i', '-' ];

// debug("checking endings"); for (i in endings) { // debug("checking " + endings[i]); // debug if (ending.length < endings[i].length) continue; if (ending.length != endings[i].length) { stem = pagetitle.substring(0, pagetitle.length - endings[i].length); ending = pagetitle.substring(pagetitle.length - endings[i].length); }			if (ending != endings[i]) continue; debug("found ending: " + endings[i]); break; }

if (ending != endings[i]) { debug("abort: no ending found"); return; }

// if initial capital, assume proper var proper = (pagetitle.charAt(0) == pagetitle.charAt(0).toUpperCase); // scan for uncountable flag var unc = (preventry.indexOf("|unc=yes") != -1);

// may change ending if proper if (proper) { if (ending == "on") ending = "on-proper"; else if (ending == "oj" || ending == "ojn") ending += "-properpl"; }

templatecall = "subst:new eo form|" + stem + "|"			+ ending;

if (unc) templatecall += "|unc=yes"; }

if (editor.val != "") { // prompt to erase incorrect Verb entries if (			((preventry.indexOf("===Verb===") != -1 && ending.length > 2) || preventry.indexOf("'''") != -1)			&& confirm("BEFORE: " + before + "\nBETWEEN: " + preventry+ "\nAFTER: " + after + "\nreplace what's in between?")) { preventry = ""; editor.set(""); }		// prompt to continue else if (preventry.indexOf("{\{head|eo|") != -1 && !confirm("BEFORE: " + before + "\nBETWEEN: " + preventry+ "\nAFTER: " + after + "\ncontinue?")) { return; }	}

// fill in form editor.options({ minor: true, watch: true });

//	if (after == "") after = "\n{\{count page|Page count}}";

if (editor.get != "" && preventry != "") { // if there is unaccounted for material, // then put it all after a section break editor.set(before + "{\{" + templatecall + "}}\n\n" + preventry + after); } else { editor.set(before + "{\{" + templatecall + "}}\n" + after); }

editor.setEditSummary("/* Esperanto */ generating with " + templatecall + " (Greased)"); }

// uncomment the following line to make this a Greasemonkey script //$(function { neweoform(pathoschild.TemplateScript.Context); });

title: User:Robin Lionheart/common.js


text:
Help:How to create basic entries on other Wiktionaries

This page aims to help editors create bare-bones entries in Wiktionaries in which they don't know the native language. The main purpose of it is to move out content (usually foreign language translations) that that isn't allowed here.

Chinese

 * Explanation page: zh:Wiktionary:所有模版列表 (Template index), zh:Wiktionary:布局解释 (ELE), zh:Wiktionary:体例说明 (style guide)
 * Example page: zh:中文 ("Chinese")
 * zh:Template:-trans- outputs =翻译=
 * Wikitext:

French

 * Explanation page: fr:Wiktionnaire:Structure des articles (ELE)
 * Example page: fr:eau ("water")
 * Wikitext:

Ido

 * Style guide: io:Helpo:Modelo dil pagino
 * Example page: io:aquo. Basic entry template: io:Shablono:nova pagino
 * Translations marked by "Altra lingui", though languages from which Ido is derived are listed separately under "Fonto-lingui". ISO code templates are used.

Japanese

 * Style guide: ja:Wiktionary:スタイルマニュアル
 * Example page: ja:水 ("water")
 * Translations marked by templates ja:Template:trans, whose output is 訳語
 * Wikitext:

Korean

 * Examples: ko:물 ("water")
 * Translations encapsulated by template ko:Template:외국어, whose output is 외국어 번역
 * Don't have ISO language code templates
 * Wikitext:

Malagasy

 * Examples: mg:olona ("human")
 * Fast creation (for non-existent words)
 * ISO language code templates : for sections
 * template for translations sub-section (only use with Malagasy language entries)
 * template for specifying etymology
 * Minimalist wikitext for Malagasy entry:

 * Extented wikitext for Malagasy entry:

Swedish

 * Style guide: sv:Wiktionary:Stilguide
 * Example: sv:vatten ("water")
 * Wikitext:


text:
unstinted

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Not constrained, not restrained, or not confined, great in amount or degree.

Translations

 * Armenian:, ,
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Danish: uindskrænket, forbeholdsløs, ureserveret, uhæmmet
 * Finnish: ,
 * German:
 * Maori: rikarika
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: uinnskrenket, forbeholdsløs
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:, oreserverad, ,

title: unstinted


text:
escrivain

Noun

 * 1) writer

title: escrivain


text: escrivains

title: escrivains


text:
Talk:political climate

Is this just political + climate? Mglovesfun (talk) 06:26, 4 October 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:political climate


text: coal drops

title: coal drops


text:
naalkaah

Noun

 * 1) inspection of, examination of
 * 2) -logy, science of

title: naalkaah


text:
Category:Esperanto male roots

The following are Esperanto root words whose meaning (in modern usage) is commonly understood to include being male (though this understanding may be unstable).

Only root words with no affixes should be listed here.

title: Category:Esperanto male roots


text:
samurajo

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) samurai

title: samurajo


text:
ŝoguno

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) shogun

title: ŝoguno


text: mikadon

title: mikadon


text:
rabeno

Noun

 * 1) rabbi

title: rabeno


text:
eŭnuko

Etymology
From, from , + ; literally, a chamberlain (see ).

Noun

 * 1) eunuch

title: eŭnuko


text:
ĝentlemano

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  gentleman

title: ĝentlemano


text:
șurub

Etymology
, through a dialectal form Schrube.

Noun

 * 1) screw

title: șurub


text:
masklo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  male

title: masklo


text:
ĝigolo

Noun

 * 1) gigolo

title: ĝigolo


text:
fianĉo

Etymology
Derived from.

Noun

 * 1) fiancé man engaged to be married

title: fianĉo


text:
trammelant

Noun

 * 1)  fuss, loud disturbing noise

title: trammelant


text: trammelantje

title: trammelantje


text:
Appendix:Variations of "gigolo"

The word “gigolo” appears in many languages with many variations in the use of capitalization, punctuation, diacritics, and in other scripts.

Capitalization and punctuation

 * gigolo
 * Gigolo

Diacritics

 * gigoló
 * gigolò
 * gigolô
 * ĝigolo

Other scripts

 * Cyrillic
 * гиголо
 * Гиголо

title: Appendix:Variations of "gigolo"


text:
konkubo

Etymology
(subtracting suffix ).

Noun

 * 1) a man who lives with a woman to whom he is not married, male counterpart to a concubine

title: konkubo


text:
înșuruba

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to screw

title: înșuruba


text: JVM

title: JVM


text:
kapono

Noun

 * 1) castrated young chicken, capon

title: kapono


text:
stalono

Noun

 * 1) male horse, stallion

title: stalono


text:
kvalitní

Adjective

 * 1) quality

title: kvalitní


text:
co-channel interference

Noun

 * 1)  interference caused by two stations transmitting on the same frequency

title: co-channel interference


text:
imamo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) imam

title: imamo


text:
ŝaho

Noun

 * 1) shah

title: ŝaho


text:
suzereno

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Etymologically related to.

Noun

 * 1)  suzerain

title: suzereno


text:
daimio

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , from +.

Noun

 * 1)  daimyo

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , from +.

Noun

 * 1)  daimyo Japanese feudal lord

Etymology
Borrowed from, from , from +.

Noun

 * 1)  daimyo Japanese feudal lord

Etymology
, from, from +.

Noun

 * 1)  daimyo

title: daimio


text:
senjoro

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) seigneur

title: senjoro


text:
Category:Esperanto female roots

The following are Esperanto root words whose meaning (in modern usage) is commonly understood to include being female (though this understanding may be unstable).

Only root words with no affixes should be listed here.

title: Category:Esperanto female roots


text:
femalo

Noun

 * 1)  female

title: femalo


text:
gorgono

Noun

 * 1)  gorgon

title: gorgono


text:
nimfo

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1)  nymph

title: nimfo


text:
sukubo

Noun

 * 1)  succubus

title: sukubo


text:
primadono

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) prima donna

title: primadono


text:
furio

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a furious woman
 * 2)  one of the Furies, goddesses of vengeance

Etymology
, ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1) rage, fury

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to drive mad, to madden, to enrage, to infuriate

title: furio


text:
amazono

Noun

 * 1)  an Amazon, one of a mythical race of female warriors around the Black Sea
 * 2) a female warrior
 * 3) a strong, athletic woman

title: amazono


text:
megero

Etymology
From Megaera.

Noun

 * 1) shrew, termagant

title: megero