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Appendix:Dictionary of Mining, Mineral, and Related Terms/C/8

crocidolite quartz
 * See: tiger's-eye.

crocoisite
 * See: crocoite.

crocoite
 * A monoclinic mineral, PbCrO (sub 4) ; bright-red, yellowish-red, or orange. Syn: red lead ore; crocoisite.

crocus
 * A term used in the Milford, NH, quarries to denote gneiss or any other rock in contact with granite.

crocus martis
 * A name used for impure red ferric oxide pigments and polishing powders, usually produced by heating iron sulfate containing calcium sulfate, lime, or other inert filler. Also sometimes applied more generally to other impure oxides of red or yellow color.

crocus of antimony
 * Brownish-yellow; mainly sodium or potassium thioantimonite; Na (sub 3) SbS (sub 3) or K (sub 3) SbS (sub 3) . Obtained as a slag in refining antimony.

cronstedtite
 * A monoclinic or trigonal mineral, Fe (super 2+) (sub 2) Fe (super 3+) (SiFe (super 3+) )O (sub 5) (OH) (sub 4) ; kaolinite-serpentine group; in low-temperature hydrothermal veins.

crook
 * A self-acting apparatus for running the hudges (boxes on runners) on inclines in step coalbeds.

crooked hole
 * A borehole that has deviated beyond the allowable limit from the vertical or from its intended course.

crookesite
 * A tetragonal mineral, Cu (sub 7) (Tl,Ag)Se (sub 4) ; massive or compact.

crop
 * a. The outcrop of a lode; or the coal of poor quality at the outcropping of a seam. See also: outcrop.

b. Deprecated syn. of outcrop. --v. To appear at the surface of the ground; to outcrop.

crop coal
 * a. Coal of inferior quality near the surface. CF: exposed coalfield.

b. The coal next to the roof in a seam.

crop fall
 * A caving in of the surface at the outcrop of the bed; caused by mining operations. Applied also to falls occurring at points not on the outcrop of the bed. Synonymous with day fall.

cropline
 * A line following the outcrop.

crop load
 * The mixture of crushing bodies, ore particles, and water being tumbled in the ball mill.

cropping
 * a. Coal cutting beyond the normal cutting plane.

b. Portions of a vein or other rock formation exposed at the surface. c. See: outcrop. d. The operation of cutting off the end or ends of an ingot to remove the pipe and other defects.

cropping coal
 * The leaving of a small thickness of coal at the bottom of the seam in a working place, usually in back water. The coal so left is termed "cropper coal."

crop tin
 * The chief portion of tin ore separated from waste in the principal dressing beneficiation operation.

cross
 * See: crosscut.

crossarm
 * a. The top member of a drill derrick of H-frame from which the sheave wheel is suspended.

b. Horizontal bar fitted between two drill columns on which a small diamond or other type rock drill can be mounted.

cross assimilation
 * The simultaneous exchange of material from magma to wall rock and vice versa, tending to develop the same phases in both.

crossbar
 * The horizontal roof member of a timber set on mine roadways, or a flat supported by props on the face. See also: beam.

cross-bedded
 * Having minor beds or laminae inclined to the main planes of stratification, e.g., cross-bedded sandstone.

crossbedding
 * a. The quality or state of being crossbedded. A crossbedded structure.

b. Lamination, in sedimentary rocks, confined to single beds and inclined to the general stratification. Caused by swift local currents, deltas, or swirling wind gusts, and esp. characteristic of sandstones, both aqueous and eolian. Syn: cross lamination. c. Crossbedding is generally truncated by the overlying stratum. However, at the base of the crossbedded formation, the crossbedding is not truncated, but it approaches the contact with the underlying stratum in a broad tangential curve. d. The arrangement of laminations of strata transverse or oblique to the main planes of stratification of the strata concerned; inclined, often lenticular, beds between the main bedding planes. It is found only in granular sediments. e. Syn: inclined bedding. Should be applied to inclined bedding found only in profiles at right angles to the current direction.

cross-bladed chisel bit
 * Syn. for cross chopping bit.

cross-chopping bit
 * Bit with cutting edges made by two chisel edges crossing at right angles with the intersection of chisel edges at the center of the bit face. Used to chop (by impact) lost core or other obstructions in a borehole. Also called cross bit; cross-bladed chisel bit; cruciform bit.

cross conveyor
 * Any conveyor used for transporting ore or waste from one room or working place through a crosscut to an adjacent room or working place. Used principally where the cross conveyor receives ore or waste from a conveyor and delivers it to another conveyor or a car.

crosscut
 * a. A small passageway driven at right angles to the main entry to connect it with a parallel entry or air course.

b. A tunnel driven at an angle to the dip of the strata to connect different seams or workings. c. A crosscut may be a coal drivage. See also: pillar-and-stall. d. An underground passage directed across an orebody to test its width and value or from a shaft to reach the orebody. See also: level crosscut; cross. e. A horizontal opening driven across the course of a vein or in general across the direction of the main workings. A connection from a shaft to a vein. Syn: cut-through. f. In room-and-pillar mining, the piercing of the pillars at more or less regular intervals for the purpose of haulage and ventilation. Syn: breakthrough. g. In general, any drift driven across between any two openings for any mining purpose. h. A borehole directed so as to cut through a rock strata or ore vein essentially at right angles to the dip and strike of the rock strata, a vein, or a related structure. i. See: stenton.

crossed belt
 * A driving belt that has a twist between the driving and the driven pulleys causing a reversal of direction.

crossed nicols
 * a. In optical mineralogy, an anisotropic crystal is interposed between the nicol prisms to observe its optical interference effects. The petrographic microscope is normally used with nicol prisms (or equivalent polarizing devices) in the crossed position.

b. Nicols is often capitalized (crossed Nicols). Two nicol prisms placed one in front of the other, or one below the other, and so oriented that their transmission planes for plane-polarized light are at right angles with the result that light transmitted by one is stopped by the other unless modified by some intervening body. c. In polarized-light microscopy, the arrangement where the permitted electric vectors of the two nicol prisms are at right angles. See also: crossed polars.

crossed polars
 * A common standard configuration used in polarized-light microscopy with the substage polarizing filter (polarizer) permitting plane polarized light with its electric vector in an east-west direction and the above-stage polarizing filter (analyzer) permitting plane polarized light with its electric vector in a north-south direction. Under these conditions all light is absorbed by the two polars. Introduction of any anisotropic transparent material into the light path repolarizes light between the polars so as to generate interference colors and other effects visible in the microscope ocular. See also: crossed nicols.

crossed twinning
 * Repeated or polysynthetic twinning according to two twin laws with twin planes angled to one another and with twin domains so intimate that they appear overlapping in thin section; most notable in the feldspar and feldspathoid minerals, esp. microcline. Syn: quadrille twinning; gridiron twinning; cross-hatched twinning.

cross entry
 * a. An entry or set of entries, turned from main entries, from which room entries are turned.

b. A horizontal gallery driven at an angle or at right angles to a main entry.

cross face
 * A coal face having a general direction between end and bord line.

cross fault
 * A fault that strikes diagonally or perpendicularly to the strike of the faulted strata.

cross fiber
 * Veins of fibrous minerals, esp. asbestos, in which the fibers are at right angles to the walls of the vein. CF: slip fiber.

cross frog
 * A frog adapted for railroad tracks that cross at right angles.

crossgate
 * a. A gate road driven at an angle off the main gate in longwall mining, to form new intermediate gates or new faces inside a disturbance. Well-sited crossgates result in reduction of inby conveyors and in roadway maintenance.

b. Eng. See: crossheading. c. York. Short headings driven on the strike end at right angles to the main gates or roads.

cross gateway
 * Aust. A road, through the goaf, that branches from the main gateway.

cross-hatched twinning
 * See: crossed twinning.

crosshead
 * a. A runner or framework that runs on guides, placed a few feet above the sinking bucket to prevent it from swinging too violently.

b. A beam or rod stretching across the top of something; specif., the bar at the end of a piston rod of a steam engine, which slides on the ways or guides fixed to the engine frame and connects the piston rod with the connecting rod.

crosshead guide
 * A guide for making the crosshead of an engine move in a parallel line with the cylinder axis.

crossheading
 * a. A passage driven for ventilation from the airway to the gangway, or from one breast through the pillar to the adjoining working. Also called cross hole; cross gateway; headway.

b. One driven from one drift or level across to another to improve ventilation. c. A heading driven at an angle off the main level to cut off stalls or intermediate headings, and form new ones on the face side of the heading. Also called oblique heading; cutting-off road. d. Eng. A road in longwall working to cut off the gateways. Syn. for crossgate; slope. Also called crossbow; crossend.

crossite
 * A monoclinic mineral, Na (sub 2) (Mg,Fe) (sub 3) (Al,Fe) (sub 2) Si (sub 8) O (sub 22) (OH) (sub 2) ; amphibole group with Fe (super 3+) /(Fe (super 3+) +Al)=0.3-0.7 . CF: glaucophane.

cross joint
 * a. A joint in an igneous rock oriented more or less perpendicular to the flow lines. Syn: tension joint.

b. A joint in sedimentary rocks that crosses more prominent joints at approximate right angles.

cross-joint fan
 * In igneous rock, a fanlike pattern of cross joints that follow the arching of the flow lineation.

cross lamination
 * a. The structure commonly present in granular sedimentary rocks that consists of tabular, irregularly lenticular, or wedge-shaped bodies lying essentially parallel to the general stratification and which themselves show a pronounced laminated structure in which the laminae are steeply inclined to the general bedding. Syn: inclined bedding; crossbedding; false bedding.

b. An arrangement of laminations, transverse to the planes of stratification of the strata concerned. They generally end abruptly at the top, but in general tend to become more or less parallel to the bedding planes below. c. Cross-stratification with foresets less than 1 cm thick.

cross-linking agent
 * The final ingredient added to a water gel or slurry, causing it to change from a liquid to a gel.

cross measure
 * A heading driven horizontally or nearly so, through or across inclined strata.

cross-measure borehole
 * A borehole drilled at an angle through the rock strata generally for the purpose of combustible gases drainage.

cross-measure borehole system
 * See: methane drainage.

cross-measure drift
 * a. A development drift driven across the strata from the surface to intersect and work coal seams.

b. A development heading driven from a level in one coal seam to intersect and work upper or lower seams.

cross measure tunnel
 * A roadway or airway driven across pitching measures on, or nearly on, a level to reach a bed of coal or other objective, or to drain off water.

crossover
 * A track device that permits rail traffic to cross over another track which heads in a different direction on the same level. Signal lights are activated to avoid collision on the crossover.

cross-pit conveyors
 * Conveyor structure crossing the benches of open pit mines to reduce the haul distance across the pit in terrace mining operations.

cross poling
 * Short poling boards placed horizontally to cover the gap between runners in excavation trench timbering. See also: runner.

cross section
 * a. A diagram or drawing that shows features transected by a given plane; specif. a vertical section drawn at right angles to the longer axis of a geologic feature, such as the trend of an orebody.

b. An actual exposure or cut that shows transected geologic features.--Adj: cross-sectional. Also spelled: cross-section. c. A profile portraying an interpretation of a vertical section of the Earth explored by geophysical and/or geological methods. d. A horizontal grid system laid out on the ground for determining contours, quantities of earthwork, etc., by means of elevations of the grid points.

cross-sectional area
 * The area of a surface cut by a plane passing through the body and perpendicular to the long axis of the body if one exists. If not, any such area cut by a plane.

cross-sectional method
 * An ore reserve estimation method in which assay and other data are projected to predetermined planes and the areas of influence of the assay data are determined mainly by judgment. This method is helpful not only for ore reserve computations, but also to mine planning.

cross spread
 * a. A seismic spread that makes a large angle to the line of traverse; it is used to determine the component of dip perpendicular to that line.

b. A seismic spread that is laid out in the pattern of a cross.

cross-spur
 * A vein of quartz that crosses a lode.

cross-stone
 * See: andalusite; staurolite; chiastolite; harmotome.

cross stoping
 * See: overhand stoping.

cross-stratification
 * a. The minor laminations are oblique to the plane of the main stratum that they help to compose. See also: crossbedding.

b. The arrangement of layers at one or more angles to the dip of the formation. A cross-stratified unit is one with layers deposited at an angle to the original dip of the formation. Many investigators have used crossbedding and cross lamination as synonymous for cross-stratification, but it is proposed to restrict the terms crossbedding and cross lamination to a quantitative meaning depending on the thickness of the individual layers or cross strata.

crosstie
 * A timber or metal sill placed transversely under the rails of a railroad, tramway, or mine-car track.

cross validation
 * A technique for testing the validity of a variogram model by kriging each sampled location with all of the other samples in the search neighborhood, and comparing the estimates with the true sample values. Interpretation of results, however, can often be difficult. Unusually large differences between estimated and true values may indicate the presence of "spatial outliers," or points that do not seem to belong with their surroundings.

crowd
 * a. The process of forcing a bucket into the digging, or the mechanism that does the forcing. Used chiefly in reference to machines that dig by pushing away from themselves.

b. Used by some drillers as a syn. for overfeed. CF: overload. c. As used by handsetters, the uneven calking of a diamond resulting in its being pinched or forced out of its intended position in a bit. d. To place or set diamonds too closely together in the crown of a bit.

crowding
 * In power shovel nomenclature, crowding is the thrusting of the dipper stick forward over the shipper shaft; retracting is the reverse of crowding.

crowding battle
 * In froth flotation, a slanted board used to direct the rising mineralized froth toward the overflow lip of the cell.

Crowe process
 * The treatment of pregnant cyanide solution to remove air before the gold is precipitated with zinc dust. Also called Merrill-Crowe process.

crowfoot
 * a. A tool with a sideclaw, for grasping and recovering broken rods in deep boreholes.

b. Irregular or zigzag markings found in Tennessee marble. Also called stylolite.

crown
 * a. The curved roof of a tunnel.

b. As used by the drilling and bit-setting industries in the United States, the portion of the bit inset or impregnated with diamonds formed by casting or pressure-molding and sintering processes; hence the steel bit blank to which the crown is attached is not considered part of the crown. Syn: bit crown. c. A timber crossbar up to 16 ft (5 m) long, supported by two heavy legs, or uprights, one at each end. Crowns may be set at 3-ft (1-m) intervals; sometimes a roof bolt is put up through the center of the crown. d. The topmost part of a drill tripod, derrick, or mast. e. The part of a furnace forming the top or roof. f. The top or highest part of a mountain or an igneous intrusion; the summit. g. The practically undisturbed material still in place and adjacent to the highest parts of the scarp along which a landslide moved.

crown block
 * A pulley, set of pulleys, or sheaves at the top of a drill derrick on and over which the hoist and/or other lines run. Also called crown pulley; crown wheel.

crown die
 * See: bit mold.

crown-in
 * In mining, a falling of the mine roof or a heave of the mine floor due to the pressure of overlying strata. CF: creep.

crowning
 * The heaving or lifting of the floor beds along a roadway to form a ridge or crown along the centerline.

crown life
 * See: bit life.

crown mold
 * See: bit mold.

crown pillar
 * An ore pillar at the top of an open stope left for wall support and protection from wall sloughing above.

crown tree
 * A piece of timber set on props to support the mine roof.

crown wheel
 * a. A wheel driven by a pinion, notably in the drive of a ball mill. Largest wheel of any reduction gear.

b. Syn: crown block.

croylstone
 * A variety of finely crystallized barite.

crucible
 * The hearth of a blast cupola, or open hearth furnace; a refractory vessel for melting or calcining metals, ores, etc.

crucible assay
 * See: assay; lead button.

crucible clays
 * Ball clays that are relatively refractory; used in producing crucibles that will withstand high temperatures.

crucible steel
 * Steel made by melting blister bar, wrought iron, charcoal, and ferroalloys in crucibles that hold about 100 lb (45 kg). This was the first process to produce steel in a molten condition, hence the product called cast steel. Mainly used for the manufacture of tool steels, but now largely replaced by the electric-furnace process.

crucible swelling number
 * The number that defines, by reference to a series of standard profiles, the size and shape of the residue produced when a standard weight of coal is heated under standard conditions.

cruciform bit
 * a. See: cross-chopping bit.

b. Percussive rock drill bit having four chisel-shaped cutting edges in the form of a cross on the face of the bit. Also called cross bit.

crucite
 * a. See: chiastolite; cross-stone.

b. Pseudomorph of hematite or limonite after arsenopyrite.

crud
 * A solid-stabilized emulsion that tends to collect at the agueous/organic interface in the settler of a solvent extraction circuit.

crude
 * A substance in its natural unprocessed state. Crude ore or crude oil, for example. In a natural state; not cooked or prepared by fire or heat; not altered or prepared for use by any process; not refined. Syn. for raw; crude oil.

crude anthracene
 * Solid product containing anthracene. Obtained on cooling the coal-tar distillate collected above 270 degrees C.

crude asbestos
 * Hand selected cross-vein material of longest fibres in native or unfiberized form. It comes in chunks and must be mechanically processed to develop the usefulness of the fibre.

crude mica
 * The crude crystals or books as extracted from the mine.

crude ore
 * The unconcentrated ore as it leaves the mine.

crude-ore bin
 * A bin in which ore is dumped as it comes from the mine.

crude sulfur
 * Elemental sulfur that is 99.0% to 99.9% pure and is free from arsenic, selenium, and tellurium.

crudy asbestos
 * Refers to asbestos that has been only partially milled, so that the fiber has not been fluffed but only separated from the rock. Most of the asbestos is still in the form of bundles of fibers like spicules.

crump
 * Ground movement, perhaps violent, due to failure under stress of ground surrounding underground workings usually in coal, so named because of sound produced. See also: bump.

crush
 * a. A species of fault in coal.

b. Breakage of supports of underground workings under roof pressure.

crushability
 * The relative ease of crushing a sample under standard conditions.

crush belt
 * A belt of intensely crushed rock.

crush border
 * A microscopic, granular metamorphic structure sometimes characterizing adjacent feldspar particles in granite due to their having been crushed together during or subsequent to crystallization.

crush breccia
 * A breccia formed essentially in situ by cataclasis, esp. along a fault. See also: cataclasite; crush conglomerate. CF: tectonic breccia.

crush bursts
 * Rockbursts in which there is actual failure at the face accompanied by movement of the walls.

crush conglomerate
 * a. A conglomerate produced by the crushing of rock strata in the shearing often accompanying folding.

b. Similar to a fault breccia, except the fragments are more rounded in a crush conglomerate. c. See: tectonic conglomerate; pseudoconglomerate; crush breccia.

crushed gravel
 * The product resulting from the artificial crushing of gravel with substantially all fragments having at least one face resulting from fracture.

crushed stone
 * a. The product resulting from the artificial crushing of rocks, boulders, or large cobblestones, substantially all faces of which have resulted from the crushing operation.

b. Term applied to irregular fragments of rock crushed or ground to smaller sizes after quarrying. Syn: broken stone.

crushed vein
 * A mineralized zone or belt of crushed material. The crushing was caused by folding, faulting, or shearing.

crusher
 * A machine for crushing rock or other materials. Among the various types of crushers are the ball-mill, gyratory-crusher, Hadsel mill, hammer mill, jaw crusher, rod mill, rolls, stamp mill, and tube mill.

crusher feeder
 * In quarry industry, one who feeds broken rock into crusher after it is dumped from trucks or cars, by pushing it down a chute with a shovel or bar, or by pushing it directly into crusher from a platform. Also called crusher loader; crusher laborer; stone breaker; trap person.

crusher man
 * a. In the mineral and nonmineral industry, including coal, quarry products, mineral and nonmineral ores, a person who operates a machine that crushes rock or other material and regulates the flow of such material into and from the crusher to the next point of processing or use. See also: crusher; crusher feeder; crushing.

b. In quarrying, a person who operates crusher through which broken quarry rock is run to break it into crushed stone for construction work.

crusher rock
 * a. Term used in quarrying to describe the weathered overlying rock that occurs at most quarry operations and which is sold for use as road base.

b. The total unscreened product of a stone crusher.

crusher rolls
 * Steel or chilled iron roller with parallel horizontal axis and peripheries at a fixed distance apart so that rocks, coal, or other substances of greater thickness cannot pass between without crushing. Rolls may be toothed or ribbed, but for rock, including ores, the surfaces are usually smooth.

crusher-run stone
 * Rock that has been broken in a mechanical crusher and has not been subjected to any subsequent screening process.

crusher setting
 * The distance between roll faces or plates in a crusher. In the case of jaw and roll crushers, the setting controls the maximum size, and to some extent the grading of the product produced. The best setting is usually that which produces 10% to 15% of oversize pieces, which are fed back for recrushing. Gyratory breakers do not permit any marked variation in the setting or in the size of the product.

crusher stower
 * A machine that crushes ripping stone in headings and projects it through a pipe into gate side packs. It may also be used for filling old roadways or roof cavities. See also: pneumatic stowing.

crush gate
 * A gate in a development face designed to be abandoned with a view to localizing the crush effect consequent on the winning of the coal immediately above or immediately below the development face.

crushing
 * Size reduction into relatively coarse particles by stamps, crushers, or rolls. See also: comminution.

crushing bort
 * Diamond material with radial or confused crystal structure lacking distinct cleavage forms. Color is faintly milky to grayish or dark and is suitable only for crushing into grit powder or dust. The Bakwanga Mine, Republic of the Congo, is the principal source of this material. Diamond fragments from cutting establishments or recovered from waste are frequently classed as crushing bort.

crushing bortz
 * See: bort.

crushing cycle
 * The sequence of operations in crushing a material, including, e.g., the screening of the primary product and the recirculation of the screen overflow.

crushing machine
 * A machine constructed to pulverize or crush stone and other hard and brittle materials; a stone crusher.

crushing mill
 * See: stamp mill; crusher.

crushing roll
 * A machine consisting of two heavy rolls between which ore, coal, or other mineral is crushed. Sometimes the rolls are toothed or ribbed, but for ore their surface is generally smooth. See also: roll.

crushing strength
 * a. The resistance that a rock offers to vertical pressure placed upon it. It is measured by applying graduated pressure to a cube, 1 in (2.54 cm) square, of the rock tested. A crushing strength of 4,000 lb means that a cubic inch of the rock withstands pressure to 4,000 lb (111 kg/cm (super 3) ) before crushing. The crushing strength is greater with shorter prisms and less with longer prisms.

b. The pressure or load at which a material fails in compression; used for comparing the strength of walling and lining materials, such as concrete, masonry, stone, packs, etc. c. The maximum load per unit area, applied at a specified rate, that a material will withstand before it fails. Typical ranges of value for some ceramic materials are fireclay and silica refractories, 2,000 to 5,000 psi (13.8 to 34.4 MPa); common building bricks, 2,000 to 6,000 psi (13.8 to 41.4 MPa); engineering bricks, class A, above 10,000 psi (69.0 MPa); sintered alumina, above 50,000 psi (344 MPa).

crushing test
 * a. A test of the suitability of stone to be used for roads or building purposes; a cylindrical specimen of the stone, of diameter 1 in (2.54 cm) and 1 in long, is subjected to axial compression in a testing machine. Syn: unconfined compression test.

b. A radial compressive test applied to tubing, sintered-metal bearings, or other similar products for determining radial crushing strength (maximum load in compression). c. An axial compressive test for determining quality of tubing, such as soundness of weld in welded tubing.

crush line
 * A line along which rocks under great compression yield, usually with the production of schistosity.

crush movement
 * Compression, thrust, or lateral movement tending to develop shattered zones in rocks.

crush plane
 * A plane defining zones of shattering that result from lateral thrust.

crush zone
 * A zone of faulting and brecciation in rocks.

crust
 * a. The outermost layer or shell of the Earth, defined according to various criteria, including seismic velocity, density and composition; that part of the Earth above the Mohorovicic discontinuity, made up of the sial, or the sial and the sima. It represents less than 0.1% of the Earth's total volume. CF: tectonosphere.

b. A laminated, commonly crinkled deposit of algal dust, filamentous or bladed algae, or clots (from slightly arched forms to bulbous cabbagelike heads) of algae, formed on rocks, fossils, or other particulate matter by accretion, aggregation, or flocculation.

crustal abundance
 * See: clarke.

crustal plate
 * A portion of the Earth's crust that moves as a relatively rigid unit with respect to adjacent crustal plates that collectively cover the outermost part of the solid Earth.

crustification
 * a. The layering of crusts of different minerals deposited successively on the walls of a cavity.

b. Suggested for those deposits of minerals and ores that are in layers or crusts and which, therefore, have been deposited from solution.

crustified banding
 * A structure of vein fillings resulting from a succession, often a rhythmic deposition, of crusts of unlike minerals on the walls of an open space.

crustified vein
 * A vein filled with a succession of crusts of ore and gangue material.

crut
 * A short heading excavated into the face of a coal seam; a heading or drift across the strata, or from one deposit to another. Syn: tunnel.

crutt
 * N. Staff.; Som. A road or heading driven in coal measures, turned from a level, etc.

Cryderman loader
 * A clamshell-type loader activated by hydraulic cylinders operated from a traveling base suspended on the stage. Used in shaft sinking operations.

cryogenic switching elements
 * In information processing, logical switching information processing elements that utilize the variability of the transition to superconductivity as a function of magnetic field strength.

cryolite
 * A monoclinic mineral, Na (sub 3) AlF (sub 6) ; waxy colorless to white (disappears in water owing to low refractive index); soft; in veinlike cleavable masses in granite at Ivigtut, Greenland. Syn: Greenland spar; ice stone.

cryolithionite
 * An isometric mineral, Na (sub 3) Li (sub 3) Al (sub 2) F (sub 12) ; forms large colorless rhombic dodecahedra; at Ivigtut, Greenland, and the Ural Mountains, Russia.

cryology
 * a. In the United States, the study of refrigeration.

b. In Europe, a syn. for glaciology. See: glaciology. c. The study of ice and snow. d. The study of sea ice.

cryoluminescence
 * The low-temperature increase of weak luminescence, or its development in normally nonfluorescent material.

cryopedology
 * The study of the processes of intensive frost action and the occurrence of frozen ground, esp. permafrost, including the civil-engineering methods used to overcome or minimize the difficulties involved.

cryosphere
 * The part of the Earth's surface that is perennially frozen; the zone of the Earth where ice and frozen ground are formed.

cryoturbation
 * Frost action, including frost heaving.

crypthydrous
 * Refers to vegetable accumulations laid down on a wet substratum in contrast to those deposited under water. CF: phenhydrous.

cryptoclastic
 * Said of a rock of compact texture, composed of extremely small, fragmental particles that are barely visible under a microscope.

cryptocrystalline
 * a. Said of the texture of a rock consisting of crystals that are too small to be recognized and separately distinguished even under the ordinary microscope (although crystallinity may be shown by use of the electron microscope); indistinctly crystalline, as evidenced by a confused aggregate effect under polarized light. Also, said of a rock with such a texture. Syn: microaphanitic; microcryptocrystalline; microcrystalline; microfelsitic. CF: dubiocrystalline.

b. Said of a rock or rock texture of a crystalline rock in which the crystals are too small to be recognized megascopically. This usage is not recommended until crystallinity can be established by polarized-light microscopy or X-ray diffraction. Syn: aphanitic. c. Descriptive of a crystalline texture of a carbonate sedimentary rock having discrete crystals with maximum diameters variously set at 1 mu m, 4 mu m, and 10 mu m.

cryptoexplosion structure
 * A nongenetic, descriptive term for a roughly circular structure formed by the sudden, explosive release of energy and exhibiting intense, often localized rock deformation with no obvious relation to volcanic or tectonic activity. Many cryptoexplosion structures are believed to be the result of impact of meteorites of asteroidal dimensions; others may have been produced by volcanic activity. The term largely replaces the earlier term cryptovolcanic structure.

cryptographic
 * a. Denoting a texture of rocks so fine that the individual constituents cannot be distinguished under a microscope. Usually the result of a cryptocrystalline intergrowth of quartz and feldspar. See also: cryptocrystalline.

b. Having a graphic texture of intergrowths too small to be resolved with a light microscope.

cryptohalite
 * An isometric mineral, (NH (sub 4) ) (sub 2) SiF (sub 6) ; dimorphous with bararite.

cryptohydrous
 * The conditions under which coal was formed. Decay under water in swamps.

cryptomagmatic
 * Said of a hydrothermal mineral deposit without demonstrable relationship to igneous processes. The term is little used. CF: apomagmatic; telemagmatic.

cryptomelane
 * a. A monoclinic mineral, K(Mn (super 4+), Mn (super 2+) ) (sub 8) O (sub 16) ; pseudotetragonal. CF: psilomelane.

b. The mineral group coronadite, cryptomelane, hollandite, manjiroite, and priderite.

cryptomere
 * See: aphanite. Also spelled kryptomere.

cryptomerous
 * a. A very fine crystalline texture.

b. Of or pertaining to cryptomere.

cryptoperthite
 * Extremely fine-grained perthite with submicroscopic lamellae (1 to 5 mu m) detectable only by X-ray diffraction or electron microscopy. The K-rich host may be sanidine, orthoclase, or microcline; the Na-rich phase may be albite or analbite. CF: perthite; microperthite.

cryptovolcanic structure
 * A circular structure lacking evidence of shock metamorphism or of meteorite impact and therefore presumed to be of igneous origin, but lacking exposed igneous rocks or obvious volcanic features; a rock structure produced by concealed volcanic activity. Preferred term: cryptoexplosion structure.

Cryptozoic
 * a. Eon of hidden life. Syn. of Precambrian.

b. That part of geologic time represented by rocks in which evidence of life is only slight and of primitive forms. CF: Phanerozoic.

crystal
 * a. A regular polyhedral form, bounded by planes, which is assumed by a chemical element or compound, under the action of its intermolecular forces, which passing, under suitable conditions, from the state of a liquid or gas to that of a solid. A crystal is characterized first by its definite internal molecular structure and second, by its external form.

b. The regular polyhedral form, bounded by plane surfaces, which is the outward expression of a periodic or regularly repeating internal arrangement of atoms. See also: crystal face. c. A body formed by the solidification under favorable conditions of a chemical element, a compound, or an isomorphous mixture and having a regularly repeating internal arrangement of its atoms; esp. such a body that has natural external plane faces as a result of the internal structure. d. Quartz that is transparent or nearly so and that is either colorless or  only slightly tinged. Also a piece of this material. Also called rock crystal. e. A colorless transparent diamond. f. As an adj., consisting of or resembling crystal. Syn. for crystalline; clear; transparent. Relating to or using a crystal. g. A regular polyhedron exhibited by a chemical element or compound where its atomic particles assume a periodic array under suitable physical and chemical conditions. The external form is a low-energy response to the symmetry of the internal forces with each face parallel to a high-density plane of atomic particles. h. Any solid material with a periodic internal structure. Syn: crystalline. i. Glass of superior quality and high density and luster (resulting from inclusion of lead salts in old objects), commonly with ornamental cutting, e.g., flint glass. j. An adj. referring to material properties, e.g., crystal structure (for internal periodicity), crystal solution (as between end members of a mineral series).

crystal aggregate
 * A number of crystals grown together so that each crystal in the group is large enough to be seen by the unaided eye and each crystal is more or less perfect. In gemmology, it differs from a crystalline aggregate, as a homogenous gem stone can be cut only from an individual crystal of a crystal aggregate. Syn: crystal group.

crystal axes
 * Imaginary lines passing through a crystal in important symmetry directions, intersecting in the origin at the center of the crystal. The axes are usually three in number, and they are chosen to act as a frame of reference by means of which the relative positions of the crystal faces can be described.

crystal axis
 * a. A reference axis used for the description of the vectorial properties of a crystal. There are generally three noncoplanar axes, chosen parallel to the edges of the unit cell of the crystal structure so as to be parallel to symmetry directions if possible.

b. One of three minimal noncoplanar reference lines used to describe the vectorial properties of crystalline materials. Syn: crystallographic axis. c. A line parallel to the intersections of crystal faces. Syn: zone axis. d. A line about which crystal symmetry appears distributed. Syn: symmetry axis. e. A line about which a part of a crystal appears to have rotated in a fashion not permitted by the symmetry group of the crystal. Syn: twin axis. Plural: axes, pron: "aks-eez."

crystal bar
 * Hafnium and zirconium produced by the van Arkel and de Boer process.

crystal casts
 * Fillings of a cavity left by solution or sublimation of a crystal embedded in a fine-grained sediment.

crystal chemistry
 * The study of the relations among chemical composition, internal structure, and the physical properties of crystalline matter.

crystal class
 * a. One of the 32 crystallographically possible combinations or groups of symmetry operations that leave one point, or origin, fixed.

b. All minerals having the symmetry of one of the 32 point groups belong to the same crystal class. CF: point group.

crystal defect
 * Any deviation from perfect periodicity in a crystal structure. Some defects depend on temperature, mainly point defects; others depend on the specific history of the crystal. The presence of defects alters the physical properties of crystals. CF: Frenkel defect; point defect; line defect; volume defect.

crystal defects
 * Irregularities in a lattice structure that affect resistance to crushing. Microdefects are due to irregular distribution of ions. Macrodefects are incipient strain areas or discontinuities in an otherwise regular lattice. Mosaic defects are orderly blocks of regular lattice that are packed together to form a larger and imperfect particle.

crystal diamagnetism
 * The abnormal ratio of magnetization to the magnetizing force responsible for it, as observed in some crystals, such as those of bismuth.

crystal face
 * a. One of the several flat or plane exterior surfaces of a crystal. See also: crystal.

b. A planar surface developed on a crystal during its growth. Crystal faces tend to parallel planes of high lattice-point density (Bravais' law) with the result that they make rational intercepts with the crystallographic axes and may be assigned rational indices, e.g., (hkl). CF: Miller indices.

crystal flotation
 * The floating of lighter-weight crystals in a body of magma. CF: crystal settling. Syn: flotation of crystals.

crystal form
 * a. The form or shape in which crystals occur; the cube, the octahedron, and others.

b. All crystal faces related by the symmetry elements of the point group of the crystal structure belong to the same crystal form. Crystal forms are designated by the indices of the unit face enclosed in braces, e.g., hkl. Forms are closed if they singly enclose a volume and open if two or more forms are required. The terms "prism," "pyramid," "cube," "octahedron," and "tetrahexahedron" refer to crystal forms. A crystal form is ideal when all faces are the same size. Syn: crystalline form.

crystal fractionation
 * Magmatic differentiation resulting from the floating or settling, under gravity, of mineral crystals as they form. CF: fractional crystallization. Syn: gravitational differentiation.

crystal group
 * See: crystal aggregate.

crystal growth
 * The study of conditions for growing crystals experimentally, esp. in the control of chemical and physical properties and in application to the growth history of natural crystals. Also the microchemical and isotopic study of crystals for the physical and chemical constraints on their formation.

crystal habit
 * The forms typically appearing on specimens of a mineral species or group, rarely all the forms permitted by its point group. Crystal habits range from highly diverse, e.g., calcite, to almost never showing crystal faces, e.g., turquoise. In addition to describing mineral habits with form names, e.g., prismatic, pyramidal, or tetrahedral, other names for appearances are used, e.g., fibrous, columnar, platy, or botryoidal. Intergrowths are given by specific description.

crystal indices
 * a. Numbers or other representations that indicate the inclination of a crystal face to the crystal axes.

b. Numbers based on the rational intercepts of crystal faces with crystallographic axes. The Miller index is the reciprocal of a face's axial intercepts. Indices of crystal faces are enclosed in parentheses (hkl), crystal forms in braces hkl, crystal directions in brackets [hkl], and Bragg indices with no closure hkl. For crystals with hexagonal and trigonal symmetry, Miller-Bravais indices (hkil) may be used although the added intercept and index number are redundant (h+k+i=0). Not all mineralogists follow this usage. CF: Miller indices.

crystal lattice
 * a. The regular and repeated three-dimensional arrangement of atoms that distinguishes crystalline solids from all other states of matter. Essentially the regularity displayed by a crystal lattice is that of a three-dimensional mesh that divides space into identical parallelepipeds. Imagine a number of identical atoms placed at the intersections of such a mesh; then we have what is known as a simple lattice (synonymous with Bravais lattice).

b. A periodic array of points in three dimensions such that each point is in an identical point environment. Fourteen possible lattices that are used to describe the structural patterns are found in all crystalline materials by assigning an asymmetric unit to each lattice point. Syn: Bravais lattice; space lattice; direct lattice; translation lattice. CF: reciprocal lattice.

crystalliferous
 * Producing or bearing crystals.

crystalliform
 * Having a crystalline form.

crystalline
 * a. Made of crystal.

b. Resembling a crystal; clear, transparent, pure. c. Pertaining to or having the nature of a crystal, or formed by crystallization; specif. having a crystal structure or a regular arrangement of atoms in a space lattice. Ant: amorphous. Said of a mineral particle of any size, having the internal structure of a crystal, but lacking well-developed crystal faces or an external form that reflects the internal structure. d. Said of a rock consisting wholly of crystals or fragments of crystals; esp. said of an igneous rock developed through cooling from a molten state and containing no glass, or of a metamorphic rock that has undergone recrystallization as a result of temperature and pressure changes. The term may also be applied to certain sedimentary rocks (such as quartzite, some limestones, evaporites) composed entirely of contiguous crystals. e. Said of the texture of a crystalline rock characterized by closely fitting or interlocking particles (many having crystal faces and boundaries) that have developed in the rock by simultaneous growth. A crystalline rock. Term is usually used in the plural; e.g., the Precambrian crystalline. This usage is not recommended. f. Referring to a homogeneous solid material that has long-range periodic order of its atomic constituents. Crystalline materials distinctly diffract X-rays. g. Referring to a rock composed of crystalline minerals, e.g., granite. h. Referring to the texture of a rock composed of contiguous mineral crystals with or without crystal faces. i. Referring to underlying rock with coarse texture as opposed to overlying noncrystalline or finely crystalline rock, e.g., Precambrian crystalline basement.

crystalline aggregate
 * An aggregate of crystalline intergrowths, such as granite, that does not show well-defined crystal forms.

crystalline flake graphite
 * See: flake graphite.

crystalline form
 * a. The external geometrical shape of a crystal.

b. See: crystal form.

crystalline grains
 * Minute crystals or crystalline particles which compose a granular crystalline aggregate. Distinguished from minute fiberlike crystals which compose fibrous crystalline aggregates.

crystalline granular texture
 * A primary texture due to crystallization from an aqueous medium, as in rock salt (halite), gypsum, and anhydrite.

crystalline limestone
 * a. A metamorphosed limestone; a marble formed by recrystallization of limestone as a result of metamorphism.

b. A calcarenite with crystalline calcite cement formed in optical continuity with crystalline fossil fragments by diagenesis. c. A limestone formed of abundant calcite crystals as a result of diagenesis; specif. a limestone in which calcite crystals larger than 20 mu m in diameter are the predominant components. Examples include the crinoidal limestones whose fragments have been enlarged by growth of calcite. CF: marble.

crystalline quartz
 * A term used to distinguish all the varieties of quartz which are not cryptocrystalline, such as rock crystal, amethyst, citrine, cairngorm, rose quartz, tiger eye, etc.

crystalline rock
 * a. An inexact, but convenient term designating an igneous or metamorphic rock, as opposed to a sedimentary rock.

b. A rock consisting wholly of relatively large mineral grains, e.g., a plutonic rock, an igneous rock lacking glassy material, or a metamorphic rock. c. The term has also been applied to sedimentary rocks, e.g., some limestones, that are composed of coarsely crystalline grains or exhibit a texture formed by partial or complete recrystallization.

crystalline structure
 * See: crystal structure.

crystalline tonstein
 * This type of tonstein contains vermicular, prismatic, or tabular kaolinite crystals and may be either light or dark in color according to the proportion of contained carbonaceous matter. Occasionally granular kaolinite may also be recognized. The crystals lie embedded in either a finely crystalline or cryptocrystalline kaolinite groundmass.

crystallinity
 * a. The degree to which a rock (esp. an igneous rock) is crystalline (holocrystalline, hypocrystalline, etc.).

b. The degree to which the crystalline character of an igneous rock is developed (e.g., macrocrystalline, microcrystalline, or cryptocrystalline) or is apparent (e.g., phaneritic or aphanitic).

crystallite
 * a. A broad term applied to a minute body of unknown mineralogic composition, or crystal form that does not polarize light. Crystallites represent the initial stage of crystallization of a magma or of a glass. Syn: crystallitic. CF: microlite; crystalloid.

b. Very small crystals in a mass or matrix. c. A nucleus from which a crystal may grow. d. Minute spots of double refraction in a glassy matrix.

crystallitic
 * Of, pertaining to, or formed of, crystallites.

crystallization
 * a. The process through which crystalline phases separate from a fluid, a viscous, or a dispersed state (gas, liquid solution, or rigid solution).

b. The process of crystallizing. A form of body resulting from crystallizing. c. Formation of crystalline phases during the cooling of a melt or precipitation from a solution.

crystallization differentiation
 * The progressive change in composition of the liquid fraction of a magma as a result of the crystallization of mineral phases that differ in composition from the magma.

crystallization interval
 * a. The interval of temperature (or less frequently pressure) between the formation of the first crystal and the disappearance of the last drop of liquid from a magma on cooling. It usually excludes the late-stage aqueous fluids.

b. When referring to a given mineral, the range or the ranges of temperatures over which that particular phase is in equilibrium with liquid. In the case of equilibria along reaction lines or reaction surfaces, crystallization intervals, as thus defined, include temperature ranges in which certain solid phases are actually decreasing in amount with decrease in temperature. Syn: freezing interval.

crystallization nucleus
 * A small particle of any kind around which crystals begin to form when a substance crystallizes.

crystallization systems
 * a. The 32 possible crystal groups, distinguished from one another by their symmetry, are classified under 6 systems, each characterized by the relative lengths and inclinations of the assumed crystallographic axes. These are isometric, tetragonal, hexagonal, orthorhombic, monoclinic, and triclinic.

b. See: crystal systems.

crystallize
 * a. To cause to form crystals or to assume crystalline form; esp. to cause to assume perfect or large crystals. To cause to take a fixed and definite form. To become converted into crystals. To solidify by crystallizing. To deposit crystals. To become fixed and definite in form.

b. Any process by which matter becomes crystalline from a noncrystalline state. Also spelled "crystalize."

crystallized coal
 * See: cone-in-cone structure.

crystallizing force
 * a. The potentiality, or the expansive force, by which a mineral tends to develop its own crystal form against the resistance of the surrounding solid mass. This may be a differential force that causes the crystal to grow preferentially and more rapidly in one crystallographic direction than in another.

b. Expulsion of foreign constituent from a growing crystal by diffusion or mechanical displacement. c. Expansion resulting from a crystal phase that is less dense than its noncrystalline melt phase, e.g., freezing water splitting rock or bursting pipes.

crystalloblast
 * A crystal of a mineral produced entirely by metamorphic processes. See also: idioblast; xenoblast. Adj: crystalloblastic.

crystalloblastesis
 * Deformation by metamorphic recrystallization.

crystalloblastic
 * a. Pertaining to a crystalloblast.

b. Said of a crystalline texture produced by metamorphic recrystallization under conditions of high viscosity and directed pressure, in contrast to igneous rock textures that are the result of successive crystallization of minerals under conditions of relatively low viscosity and nearly uniform pressure (Becke, 1903). CF: homeoblastic; heteroblastic. c. A metamorphic texture wherein one or more mineral species grows substantially larger than the rock matrix, e.g., garnet schist. CF: porphyroblastic; granoblastic. d. A crystalline texture owed to metamorphic recrystallization. A characteristic of this texture is that the essential constituents are simultaneous crystallizations and are not found in sequence, so that each may be found as inclusions in all the others.

crystalloblastic series
 * An arrangement of metamorphic minerals in order of decreasing form energy, so that crystals of any of the listed minerals tend to assume idioblastic outlines at surfaces of contact with simultaneously developed crystals of all minerals occupying lower positions in the series.

crystallochemical element
 * An element essential to the composition and the structure of a mineral.

crystallogenesis
 * The production or formation of crystals. Adj: crystallogenic.

crystallogeny
 * a. The science and the theory of the production of crystals.

b. That branch of materials science that deals with the formation or growth of crystals. CF: chemical mineralogy; experimental mineralogy; phase equilibria.

crystallogram
 * A record, photographic or electronic, of crystal structure obtained by means of X-ray diffraction. CF: Laue diagram; Laue photograph; powder pattern.

crystallographic axes
 * a. Three axes intersecting at right angles, the vertical one being the x axis and the two horizontal ones the y and z. The position of a crystal face is defined by the ratio of its intercepts with these axes.

b. The three noncoplanar reference vectors used to describe crystal properties. Depending upon the crystal system, these axes are not necessarily orthogonal nor of equal length, with angle alpha between axes b and c, beta between a and c, and gamma between a and b. Axes of equal length are labeled a. Where one axis is unique (hexad, tetrad, triad, or monad), convention sets it vertical and labels it c. A unique diad may be labelled c (first crystallographic setting) or b (second setting, preferred by mineralogists). By convention positive b is plotted to the right and positive a toward the observer. Some crystal classes with a unique triad may be referred to a set of three nonorthogonal axes of equal length at internal angle alpha, i.e., rhombohedral coordinates a (sub r). In the case of a unique triad or hexad, a fourth redundant axis a (sub 3) may be added for convenience. CF: axis; coordinate system; crystal systems; fold.

crystallographic axis
 * See: crystal axis. CF: intercept.

crystallographic direction
 * a. Refers to directions in the various crystal systems that correspond with the growth of the mineral and often with the direction of one of the faces of the original crystal itself.

b. Vectors referred to as crystallographic axes. Because of crystalline periodicity, significant directions within a crystal are determined by the rational intercepts with the crystallographic axes and may be rendered in terms of Miller indices enclosed in brackets, e.g., [hkl] or [hkil].

crystallographic planes
 * a. Any set of parallel and equally spaced planes that may be supposed to pass through the centers of atoms in crystals. As every plane must pass through atomic centers and no centers must be situated between planes, the distance between successive planes in a set depends on their direction in relation to the arrangement of atomic centers.

b. Those planes that make rational intercepts with crystallographic axes and that may be noted by their intercept reciprocals, the Miller indices enclosed in parentheses, i.e., (hkl) or (hkil). Such planes may represent crystal faces, cleavage planes, twin planes, lattice points, or planes of atomic particles in a crystal structure.

crystallographic system
 * a. Any of the major units of crystal classification, embracing one or more symmetry classes.

b. See: crystal system; holohedral.

crystallographic texture
 * A texture of mineral deposits formed by replacement or exsolution, in which the distribution and form of the inclusions are controlled by the crystallography of the host mineral.

crystallography
 * a. The study of crystals, including their growth, structure, physical properties, and classification by form.

b. The science of the geometry of crystals and crystalline materials that results from symmetry generated by the periodicity of their atomic particles. See also: symmetry.

crystalloid
 * a. Having some or all of the properties of a crystal.

b. A microscopic crystal that, when examined under a microscope, polarizes light but has no crystal outline or readily determinable optical properties. CF: crystallite; microlite.

crystallology
 * The science of crystals and crystalline materials. It embraces crystallography and crystallogeny.

crystalloluminescence
 * The emission of light by a substance during its crystallization.

crystallothrausmatic
 * A descriptive term applied to igneous rocks with an orbicular texture in which early phenocrysts form the nuclei of the orbicules (Eskola, 1938). CF: isothrausmatic; heterothrausmatic; homeothrausmatic.

crystal material
 * Any substance possessing crystal structure but no definite geometric form visible to the unaided eye. Also known as crystalline material.

crystal mush
 * Partially crystallized magma; an aggregate of solid crystals lubricated by compressed water vapor.

crystal optics
 * a. The science that treats of the transmission of light in crystals.

b. The study and characterization of the optical properties of crystalline materials. Because each mineral species is a unique combination of chemistry and crystal symmetry, use of optical properties of minerals, both opaque and transparent, for their characterization and identification is a well-developed art.

crystal pattern
 * A space lattice of a crystal structure. See also: space lattice.

crystal recovery
 * The recovery of the original properties in a crystal that has been distorted by stress resulting from continued relief from stress, heating, or decrease in the speed of deformation.

crystal rectifier
 * A point contact between a metal and a crystal (such as copper and galena), or between two crystals (such as zincite and bornite). It has marked unidirectional conductivity.

crystals
 * a. Trade term for fourth-grade diamonds; colorless diamonds.

b. Atomic structures with long-range order. (Euhedral surfaces are not required.) c. Geometrical forms of planar faces assumed by minerals and other crystalline materials when grown under appropriate conditions. d. Australian syn. for drill diamonds.

crystal sandstone
 * a. A sandstone in which the quartz grains have been enlarged by deposition of silica so that the grains show regenerated crystal facets and sometimes nearly perfect quartz euhedra. Crystal sandstones of this nature sparkle in bright sunlight.

b. A sandstone in which calcite has been deposited in the pores in large patches or units having a single crystallographic orientation, resulting in a poikiloblastic or luster-mottling effect. In some rare sandstones with incomplete cementation, the carbonate occurs as sand-filled scalenohedra of calcite--sand crystals. See also: sand crystal.

crystal sedimentation
 * See: crystal settling.

crystal settling
 * In a magma, the sinking of crystals because of their greater density, sometimes aided by magmatic convection. It results in crystal accumulation, which develops layering. CF: crystal flotation. Syn: crystal sedimentation.

crystal solution
 * The replacement of one chemical element by others in a crystal structure without changing its symmetry. Syn: solid solution.

crystal sorting
 * The separation, by any process, of crystals from a magma, or of one crystal phase from another during crystallization of the magma.

crystal spectrometer
 * An X-ray spectrometer employing a crystal grating.

crystal structure
 * a. The periodic or repeated arrangement of atoms in a crystal.

b. The arrangement in most pure metals may be imitated by packing spheres, and the same applies to many of the constituents of alloys. c. The periodic array of atomic particles as represented by their symmetrical disposition. Syn: crystalline structure.

crystal system
 * See: crystallographic system.

crystal systems
 * a. A classification of crystals based on the intercepts made on the crystallographic axes by certain crystal faces (or bounding planes). Syn: crystallization systems. CF: indices of a crystal face.

b. The six main symmetry groups into which all crystals, whether natural or artificial, can be classified. See also: symmetry. c. The classification of point groups (and their associated crystal classes) and space lattices into seven (or six) symmetry systems; e.g., isometric (three equal orthogonal crystal axes), hexagonal (a unique hexad), trigonal (a unique triad), tetragonal (a unique tetrad), orthorhombic (three orthogonal diads), monoclinic (one diad inclined to an axial plane), and triclinic (no symmetry higher than a center) systems. An alternative classification of six systems assigns hexagonal and rhombohedral divisions to the hexagonal system with a different assignment of point groups having unique triads and hexads. CF: tetragonal.

crystal tuff
 * An indurated deposit of volcanic ash dominantly composed of intratelluric crystals and crystal fragments. CF: tuff; crystal-vitric tuff; lithic tuff; vitric tuff.

crystal-vitric tuff
 * A tuff that consists of fragments of crystals and volcanic glass. CF: crystal tuff; vitric tuff.

crystobalite
 * Crystal modification of quartz, which is formed by heating clay silica bodies at temperatures above 1,100 degrees C. Heating increases the thermal expansion and decreases the danger of crazing.


text:
Abergynolwyn

Etymology
From.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Abergynolwyn


text: あずまや

title: あずまや


text: azumaya

title: azumaya


text:
東屋

Noun

 * 1) a gazebo; a small arbor; a pavilion

title: 東屋


text: manducatae

title: manducatae


text:
医薬

Noun

 * 1) medicine

title: 医薬


text: いやく

title: いやく


text: iyaku

title: iyaku


text:
違約

Verb

 * 1) to breach a contract; to violate an agreement; to break a promise

Noun

 * 1) breach of contract

Verb

 * 1) break a contract, default

title: 違約


text:
ボルケーノ

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) volcano

title: ボルケーノ


text:
方向音痴

Noun

 * 1) a bad sense of direction
 * 2) one who has a bad sense of direction

title: 方向音痴


text: cacatum

title: cacatum


text:
ほうこうおんち

Noun

 * 1)  a bad sense of direction

title: ほうこうおんち


text: hōkō onchi

title: hōkō onchi


text:
cacatus

Etymology
Perfect passive participle of.

Participle

 * 1) defecated, having been shit.

title: cacatus


text: manducatam

title: manducatam


text: manducatorum

title: manducatorum


text: manducatarum

title: manducatarum


text:
se casser la nénette

Verb

 * 1)  to reflect intensively on, to deliberate

Conjugation

 * se

title: se casser la nénette


text: manducatos

title: manducatos


text: manducatas

title: manducatas


text: ほうこう

title: ほうこう


text: hōkō

title: hōkō


text:
芳香

Adjective

 * 1) fragrant; aromatic; perfumed; sweet-smelling
 * 2)  aromatic

Noun

 * 1) fragrance; aroma; perfume; bouquet ; incense

Noun

 * 1)  joss stick; incense

Noun

 * 1) perfume, aroma

title: 芳香


text:
彷徨

Verb

 * 1) to walk back and forth; to roam around
 * 2)  to hesitate; to be irresolute; to be indecisive; to pause
 * 3)  to revolve; to go round; to spiral
 * 1)  to revolve; to go round; to spiral

Synonyms

Noun

 * 1) wandering, roaming

Verb

 * 1) wander, rove, ramble

title: 彷徨


text:
砲口

Noun

 * 1) muzzle of a gun

title: 砲口


text:
放校

Noun

 * 1) expulsion from school

Verb

 * 1) expel from school

title: 放校


text:
縫工

Noun

 * 1) tailor; seamstress; needleworker; sewer
 * 2) tailoring; needlework; sewing

Noun

 * 1) a seamster or seamstress

title: 縫工


text: cacatae

title: cacatae


text:
popcorn movie

Etymology
Named after popcorn, a popular accompaniment to movies.

Noun

 * 1)  A motion picture without serious dramatic content, a weighty message, or intellectual depth, which serves simply as enjoyable entertainment.

title: popcorn movie


text: cacatam

title: cacatam


text:
Command key

Noun

 * 1)  Primary meta/modifier key used in Apple Macintosh computer keyboards for executing keyboard shortcuts. Usually represented by the ⌘ (Place of Interest Sign) and sometimes called the "Apple key" as the Apple logo is often on the key as well.
 * 2) * Press ⌘Q to Quit an application.

Translations

 * Catalan: tecla comandament
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 命令鍵
 * Finnish: komentonäppäin

title: Command key


text:
välimerellinen

Adjective

 * 1) Mediterranean

title: välimerellinen


text: suppai

title: suppai


text:
放光

Verb

 * 1) to shine

Noun

 * 1) emission of light

Verb

 * 1) emit light

title: 放光


text:
bipédie

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) bipedalism

title: bipédie


text:
dissymétrie

Noun

 * 1) dissymmetry, imperfection

title: dissymétrie


text: Citations:bullshot

title: Citations:bullshot


text: annext

title: annext


text: gallopt

title: gallopt


text: mongoroido

title: mongoroido


text: τρόπο

title: τρόπο


text: τρόπου

title: τρόπου


text: τρόπε

title: τρόπε


text: τρόποι

title: τρόποι


text: τρόπων

title: τρόπων


text: τρόπους

title: τρόπους


text: punisht

title: punisht


text: quencht

title: quencht


text: 风华

title: 风华


text:
風華

Noun

 * 1) elegance and talent; grace

title: 風華


text:
鑿子

Noun

 * 1) chisel

title: 鑿子


text: 凿子

title: 凿子


text:
impresciuttire

Etymology
From.

title: impresciuttire


text:
Talk:body substance isolation

body substance isolation
This is attested; I made sure of that. Is it also SOP? - -sche (discuss) 04:45, 15 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Well from the page name, I would assume it's isolation of body substances, and it is! Hence delete. Mglovesfun (talk) 10:20, 15 October 2011 (UTC)
 * No it's not. "Take your body substance isolation precautions" means put on gloves, "Use appropriate TB BSI" means use a face mask. It means to put on a certain list of protective items, not isolate the sick. Isolate a body substance could mean quarantine a patient but BSI means to protect the responder only. Not the patient, nor the public and it means to use protective gear.Acdcrocks 18:27, 25 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Delete. I was trying to explain the NISoP thing to this user under his previous name but I don't think he gets it. "It is a phrase that is used" isn't enough. In my area (comp sci rather than medicine) a similar example would be polymorphic constructor, which is nothing more or less than any constructor that is polymorphic. Yes, it's a phrase and is used, but it's not necessary in a dictionary. Equinox ◑ 21:37, 15 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Delete if (as I strongly suspect) it doesn't only mean "...with latex gloves..." but refers to any isolation of body substances. —msh210℠ (talk) 01:33, 17 October 2011 (UTC)
 * If you are going to get that specific, it means gloves. However non-latex is hardly ever used. Even if a patient has allergies, they medical centers are often covered in enough to set them off so they are given epinephrine. If the responder has an allergy, they usually have to tough it out or seek employment elsewhere.Acdcrocks 09:15, 28 October 2011 (UTC)
 * There are latex free safety gloves, I use them for work. I doubt that in this case it would no longer be called 'body substance isolation' because of the lack of latex in the gloves. Mglovesfun (talk) 14:48, 18 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Delete —Saltmarshtalk-συζήτηση 06:24, 19 October 2011 (UTC)

deleted -- Liliana • 18:21, 23 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Don't forget its plural form: body substance isolations --JorisvS 09:24, 28 October 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:body substance isolation


text: impresciuttendo

title: impresciuttendo


text: impresciuttente

title: impresciuttente


text: impresciuttiti

title: impresciuttiti


text: impresciuttita

title: impresciuttita


text: impresciuttisco

title: impresciuttisco


text: impresciuttisci

title: impresciuttisci


text: impresciuttisce

title: impresciuttisce


text: impresciuttiamo

title: impresciuttiamo


text: impresciuttite

title: impresciuttite


text: impresciuttiscono

title: impresciuttiscono


text: impresciuttivo

title: impresciuttivo


text: impresciuttivi

title: impresciuttivi


text: impresciuttiva

title: impresciuttiva


text: impresciuttivamo

title: impresciuttivamo


text: impresciuttivate

title: impresciuttivate


text: impresciuttivano

title: impresciuttivano


text: impresciuttii

title: impresciuttii


text: impresciuttisti

title: impresciuttisti


text: impresciuttì

title: impresciuttì


text: impresciuttimmo

title: impresciuttimmo


text: impresciuttiste

title: impresciuttiste


text: impresciuttirono

title: impresciuttirono


text: impresciuttirò

title: impresciuttirò


text: impresciuttirai

title: impresciuttirai


text: impresciuttirà

title: impresciuttirà


text: impresciuttiremo

title: impresciuttiremo


text: impresciuttirete

title: impresciuttirete


text: impresciuttiranno

title: impresciuttiranno


text: impresciuttirei

title: impresciuttirei


text: impresciuttiresti

title: impresciuttiresti


text: impresciuttirebbe

title: impresciuttirebbe


text: impresciuttiremmo

title: impresciuttiremmo


text: impresciuttireste

title: impresciuttireste


text: impresciuttirebbero

title: impresciuttirebbero


text: impresciuttisca

title: impresciuttisca


text: impresciuttiate

title: impresciuttiate


text: impresciuttiscano

title: impresciuttiscano


text: impresciuttissi

title: impresciuttissi


text: impresciuttisse

title: impresciuttisse


text: impresciuttissimo

title: impresciuttissimo


text: impresciuttissero

title: impresciuttissero


text:
jalkaväkimies

Noun

 * 1) infantryman, foot soldier

title: jalkaväkimies


text:
sumptuarius

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) sumptuary

title: sumptuarius


text: sumptuaria

title: sumptuaria


text: sumptuarium

title: sumptuarium


text: sumptuarii

title: sumptuarii


text: sumptuariae

title: sumptuariae


text: sumptuariorum

title: sumptuariorum


text: sumptuariarum

title: sumptuariarum


text: sumptuario

title: sumptuario


text: sumptuariis

title: sumptuariis


text: sumptuariam

title: sumptuariam


text: sumptuarios

title: sumptuarios


text: sumptuarias

title: sumptuarias


text: sumptuarie

title: sumptuarie


text:
superarunt

Verb

 * 1) "they have surmounted, they surmounted"
 * 2) "they have surpassed, they surpassed"
 * 3) "they have overflowed, they overflowed"
 * 4) "they have remained, they remained; they have survived, they survived"
 * 1) "they have remained, they remained; they have survived, they survived"

title: superarunt


text:
清明

Etymology
From +. Attested in ' ("(of governance) to be methodical, orderly"), ' ("(of water) clear and bright"), ' ("sober, calm"; "(of voice) clear"), ' ("(the date of) Qingming, from brightness, clearness of the scenery"),  ("southeasterly winds").

Adjective

 * 1) clear and bright
 * 2) sober and calm;  clear
 * 3)  well-ordered
 * 4) peaceful (times)

Proper noun

 * 1) Qingming
 * 2)  Tomb Sweeping Day

Descendants
Others:

Proper noun

 * 1) Qingming ("Pure Brightness"), the fifth of the 24 solar terms in the Chinese lunisolar calendar, occurring from the 4th or 5th of April until the 18th or 19th

Proper noun

 * 1) Qingming ("Pure Brightness"), the fifth of the 24 solar terms in the Chinese lunisolar calendar, occurring from the 4th or 5th of April until the 18th or 19th

title: 清明


text:
superbiens

Etymology
Present participle of.

Participle

 * 1) taking pride

title: superbiens


text:
superbitus

Etymology
Perfect passive participle of.

Participle

 * 1) took pride

title: superbitus


text:
superbiendus

Etymology
Future passive participle of.

Participle

 * 1) which is to be taken pride in

title: superbiendus


text: superbientes

title: superbientes


text: superbientia

title: superbientia


text: superbientis

title: superbientis


text: superbientium

title: superbientium


text: superbienti

title: superbienti


text: superbiente

title: superbiente


text: superbientibus

title: superbientibus


text: superbientem

title: superbientem


text: superbita

title: superbita


text: superbitum

title: superbitum


text: superbiti

title: superbiti


text: superbitae

title: superbitae


text: superbitorum

title: superbitorum


text: superbitarum

title: superbitarum


text: superbitam

title: superbitam


text: superbitos

title: superbitos


text: superbitas

title: superbitas


text: superbienda

title: superbienda


text: superbiendum

title: superbiendum


text: superbiendi

title: superbiendi


text: superbiendae

title: superbiendae


text: superbiendorum

title: superbiendorum


text: superbiendarum

title: superbiendarum


text: superbiendo

title: superbiendo


text: superbiendis

title: superbiendis


text: superbiendam

title: superbiendam


text: superbiendos

title: superbiendos


text: superbiendas

title: superbiendas


text: superbiende

title: superbiende


text:
supersedens

Etymology
Present participle of.

Participle

 * 1) presiding

title: supersedens


text:
supersessurus

Etymology
Future active participle of.

Participle

 * 1) about to preside

title: supersessurus


text:
supersessus

Etymology
Perfect passive participle of.

Participle

 * 1) presided

title: supersessus


text:
supersedendus

Etymology
Future passive participle of.

Participle

 * 1) which is to be presided

title: supersedendus


text: supersedentes

title: supersedentes


text: supersedentia

title: supersedentia


text: supersedentis

title: supersedentis


text: supersedentium

title: supersedentium


text: supersedenti

title: supersedenti


text: supersedente

title: supersedente


text: supersedentibus

title: supersedentibus


text: supersedentem

title: supersedentem


text: supersessura

title: supersessura


text: supersessurum

title: supersessurum


text: supersessuri

title: supersessuri


text: supersessurae

title: supersessurae


text: supersessurorum

title: supersessurorum


text: supersessurarum

title: supersessurarum


text: supersessuro

title: supersessuro


text: supersessuris

title: supersessuris


text: supersessuram

title: supersessuram


text: supersessuros

title: supersessuros


text: supersessuras

title: supersessuras


text: supersessure

title: supersessure


text: supersessa

title: supersessa


text: supersessum

title: supersessum


text: supersessi

title: supersessi


text: supersessae

title: supersessae


text: supersessorum

title: supersessorum


text: supersessarum

title: supersessarum


text: supersesso

title: supersesso


text: supersessis

title: supersessis


text: supersessam

title: supersessam


text: supersessos

title: supersessos


text: supersessas

title: supersessas


text: supersesse

title: supersesse


text: supersedenda

title: supersedenda


text: supersedendum

title: supersedendum


text: supersedendi

title: supersedendi


text: supersedendae

title: supersedendae


text: supersedendorum

title: supersedendorum


text: supersedendarum

title: supersedendarum


text: supersedendo

title: supersedendo


text: supersedendis

title: supersedendis


text: supersedendam

title: supersedendam


text: supersedendos

title: supersedendos


text: supersedendas

title: supersedendas


text: supersedende

title: supersedende


text: supplicasset

title: supplicasset


text:
syngrapha

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) promissory note, IOU

title: syngrapha


text: subsortitiones

title: subsortitiones


text: subsortitionis

title: subsortitionis


text: subsortitionum

title: subsortitionum


text: subsortitioni

title: subsortitioni


text: subsortitionibus

title: subsortitionibus


text: subsortitionem

title: subsortitionem


text: subsortitione

title: subsortitione


text: suffragatores

title: suffragatores


text: suffragatoris

title: suffragatoris


text: suffragatori

title: suffragatori


text: suffragatoribus

title: suffragatoribus


text: suffragatorem

title: suffragatorem


text: suffragatore

title: suffragatore


text: syngraphae

title: syngraphae


text: syngrapharum

title: syngrapharum


text: syngraphis

title: syngraphis


text: syngrapham

title: syngrapham


text: syngraphas

title: syngraphas


text:
白肉

Noun

 * 1) unseasoned boiled pork
 * 2) white meat
 * 3)  fatty meat

title: 白肉


text: dript

title: dript


text:
南洋

Proper noun

 * 1)  Malay Archipelago;  Southeast Asia, Nanyang
 * 2)  southern “coastal” region of China, inclusive of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, and Guangdong
 * 3)  irrigation plain south of the  in Fujian
 * 1)  irrigation plain south of the  in Fujian

Proper noun

 * 1)  South Seas; Southeast Asia

title: 南洋


text: tabellae

title: tabellae


text: tabellarum

title: tabellarum


text: tabellis

title: tabellis


text: tabellam

title: tabellam


text: tabellas

title: tabellas


text:
rejected takeoff

Noun

 * 1)  A takeoff of an aircraft which is aborted by the pilot.

title: rejected takeoff


text:
Talk:短歌

Needs Mandarin
Needs Mandarin. 71.66.97.228 09:12, 30 October 2011 (UTC)

Needs Mandarin. 71.66.97.228 05:42, 2 September 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:短歌


text:
泛音

Noun

 * 1) overtone; harmonic
 * 2)  overtone; the sound created from plucking or strumming a string with one's right hand and gently tapping on the string at specific harmonic positions, which are marked by the 13 huī (徽)

title: 泛音


text: tommonen

title: tommonen


text: tollanen

title: tollanen


text:
Category talk:English terms suffixed with -cracy

Why do the words Democracy and Autocracy not appear on this page?,
 * I think they're directly from another language as opposed to stem + suffix. Mglovesfun (talk) 09:28, 30 October 2011 (UTC)


text:
tuommoinen

Adjective

 * 1) that kind of, like that

Usage notes
See.

title: tuommoinen


text:
好棒

Interjection

 * 1) excellent!; superb!; bravo!

title: 好棒


text: tommoinen

title: tommoinen


text:
taciturnitatas

Noun

 * 1) taciturnity

title: taciturnitatas


text:
Elgin

Etymology
The village in New Brunswick is probably named in honour of colonial administrator (1811 - 1863). The civil parish is named after the village.

Proper noun

 * 1) A placename
 * , the original place from which the others were named.
 * 1) A county in Ontario; see.
 * 2) A Scottish earldom.
 * 1) A county in Ontario; see.
 * 2) A Scottish earldom.
 * 1) A county in Ontario; see.
 * 2) A Scottish earldom.
 * 1) A county in Ontario; see.
 * 2) A Scottish earldom.
 * 1) A Scottish earldom.
 * 1) A Scottish earldom.
 * 1) A Scottish earldom.
 * 1) A Scottish earldom.
 * 1) A Scottish earldom.
 * 1) A Scottish earldom.
 * 1) A Scottish earldom.
 * 1) A Scottish earldom.
 * 1) A Scottish earldom.
 * 1) A Scottish earldom.
 * 1) A Scottish earldom.
 * 1) A Scottish earldom.
 * 1) A Scottish earldom.
 * 1) A Scottish earldom.
 * 1) A Scottish earldom.
 * 1) A Scottish earldom.
 * 1) A Scottish earldom.
 * 1) A Scottish earldom.
 * 1) A Scottish earldom.
 * 1) A Scottish earldom.
 * 1) A Scottish earldom.
 * 1) A Scottish earldom.
 * 1) A Scottish earldom.
 * 1) A Scottish earldom.
 * 1) A Scottish earldom.

title: Elgin


text: taxat

title: taxat


text: taxamus

title: taxamus


text: taxatis

title: taxatis


text: taxabo

title: taxabo


text: taxabis

title: taxabis


text: taxabit

title: taxabit


text: taxabimus

title: taxabimus


text: taxabitis

title: taxabitis


text: taxabunt

title: taxabunt


text: taxabam

title: taxabam


text: taxabas

title: taxabas


text: taxabat

title: taxabat


text: taxabamus

title: taxabamus


text: taxabatis

title: taxabatis


text: taxabant

title: taxabant


text: taxavi

title: taxavi


text: taxavisti

title: taxavisti


text: Elçin

title: Elçin


text: taxavit

title: taxavit


text: taxavimus

title: taxavimus


text: taxavistis

title: taxavistis


text: taxaverunt

title: taxaverunt


text: taxavero

title: taxavero


text: taxaveris

title: taxaveris


text: taxaverit

title: taxaverit


text: taxaverimus

title: taxaverimus


text: taxaveritis

title: taxaveritis


text: taxaverint

title: taxaverint


text: taxaveram

title: taxaveram


text: taxaveras

title: taxaveras


text: taxaverat

title: taxaverat


text: taxaveramus

title: taxaveramus


text: taxaveratis

title: taxaveratis


text: taxaverant

title: taxaverant


text: taxaris

title: taxaris


text: taxamur

title: taxamur


text: taxamini

title: taxamini


text: taxatur

title: taxatur


text: taxantur

title: taxantur


text: taxabor

title: taxabor


text: taxaberis

title: taxaberis


text: taxabimur

title: taxabimur


text: taxabimini

title: taxabimini


text: taxabitur

title: taxabitur


text: taxabuntur

title: taxabuntur


text: taxabar

title: taxabar


text: taxabaris

title: taxabaris


text: taxabamur

title: taxabamur


text: taxabamini

title: taxabamini


text: taxabatur

title: taxabatur


text: taxabantur

title: taxabantur


text: taxem

title: taxem


text: taxet

title: taxet


text: taxemus

title: taxemus


text: İlim

title: İlim


text: taxetis

title: taxetis


text: taxarem

title: taxarem


text: taxares

title: taxares


text: taxaret

title: taxaret


text: taxaremus

title: taxaremus


text: taxaretis

title: taxaretis


text: taxarent

title: taxarent


text: taxaverim

title: taxaverim


text: taxavissem

title: taxavissem


text: taxavisses

title: taxavisses


text: taxavisset

title: taxavisset


text: taxavissemus

title: taxavissemus


text: taxavissetis

title: taxavissetis


text: taxavissent

title: taxavissent


text: taxeris

title: taxeris


text: taxemur

title: taxemur


text: taxemini

title: taxemini


text: taxetur

title: taxetur


text: taxentur

title: taxentur


text: taxarer

title: taxarer


text: taxareris

title: taxareris


text: taxaremur

title: taxaremur


text: taxaremini

title: taxaremini


text: taxaretur

title: taxaretur


text: taxarentur

title: taxarentur


text: taxato

title: taxato


text: taxate

title: taxate


text: taxatote

title: taxatote


text: taxanto

title: taxanto


text:
taxator

Etymology
From, from.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) tram conductor

title: taxator


text: taxantor

title: taxantor


text: taxavisse

title: taxavisse


text: taxari

title: taxari


text:
névrose

Noun

 * 1)  neurosis

title: névrose


text:
Talk:花旗银行

Needs hanzi box
Needs hanzi box. 71.66.97.228 09:40, 30 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Done. ---> Tooironic (talk) 23:04, 23 February 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:花旗银行


text:
Talk:dropdown

Inconsistency
The example sentence is inconsistent with the noun entry ("drop-down" vs. "dropdown"). What would be the loss of simply removing the hyphen in the example sentence? --Mortense 09:51, 30 October 2011 (UTC)

 * ✅ Equinox ◑ 15:48, 26 February 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:dropdown


text: wǎnglù

title: wǎnglù


text:
en vertu de

Preposition

 * 1) by virtue of, by right of, due to

title: en vertu de


text:
Talk:風華

Also "magnificence"?
Can it also mean "magnificence"? 71.66.97.228 10:07, 30 October 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:風華


text:
紅果

Noun

 * 1) Chinese hawthorn, haw

title: 紅果


text:
хворий

Etymology
, from.

Adjective

 * 1) ill, sick, diseased
 * 2)  sick, twisted, disturbed, crazy
 * 1)  sick, twisted, disturbed, crazy

Noun

 * 1) ill person
 * 2)  patient

title: хворий


text:
temperans

Etymology
Present participle of.

Participle

 * 1) tempering

Adjective

 * 1) restrained
 * 2) self-controlled

title: temperans


text:
temperaturus

Etymology
Future active participle of.

Participle

 * 1) about to temper

title: temperaturus


text:
temperandus

Etymology
Future passive participle of.

Participle

 * 1) which is to be tempered

title: temperandus


text: temperantes

title: temperantes


text: temperantis

title: temperantis


text: temperantium

title: temperantium


text: temperantibus

title: temperantibus


text: temperantem

title: temperantem


text: temperaturum

title: temperaturum


text: temperaturae

title: temperaturae


text: temperaturorum

title: temperaturorum


text: temperaturarum

title: temperaturarum


text: temperaturis

title: temperaturis


text: temperaturam

title: temperaturam


text: temperaturos

title: temperaturos


text: temperatum

title: temperatum


text: temperanda

title: temperanda


text: temperandum

title: temperandum


text: temperandi

title: temperandi


text: temperandae

title: temperandae


text: temperandorum

title: temperandorum


text: temperandarum

title: temperandarum


text: temperandis

title: temperandis


text: temperandam

title: temperandam


text: temperandos

title: temperandos


text: temperandas

title: temperandas


text: temperande

title: temperande


text:
tepefacio

Etymology
From 🇰🇲.

Verb

 * 1) to warm up

title: tepefacio


text: tepefacis

title: tepefacis


text: tepefacit

title: tepefacit


text: tepefacimus

title: tepefacimus


text: tepefacitis

title: tepefacitis


text: tepefaciunt

title: tepefaciunt


text: tepefaciam

title: tepefaciam


text: tepefacies

title: tepefacies


text: tepefaciet

title: tepefaciet


text: tepefaciemus

title: tepefaciemus


text: tepefacietis

title: tepefacietis


text: tepefacient

title: tepefacient


text: tepefaciebam

title: tepefaciebam


text: tepefaciebas

title: tepefaciebas


text: tepefaciebat

title: tepefaciebat


text: tepefaciebamus

title: tepefaciebamus


text: tepefaciebatis

title: tepefaciebatis


text: tepefaciebant

title: tepefaciebant


text: tepefecisti

title: tepefecisti


text: tepefecit

title: tepefecit


text: tepefecimus

title: tepefecimus


text: tepefecistis

title: tepefecistis


text: tepefecerunt

title: tepefecerunt


text: tepefeceris

title: tepefeceris


text: tepefecerit

title: tepefecerit


text: tepefecerimus

title: tepefecerimus


text: tepefeceritis

title: tepefeceritis


text: tepefecerint

title: tepefecerint


text: tepefeceram

title: tepefeceram


text:
tepefaciens

Etymology
Present participle of.

Participle

 * 1) warming up

title: tepefaciens


text: tepefeceras

title: tepefeceras


text: tepefecerat

title: tepefecerat


text:
tepefacturus

Etymology
Future active participle of.

Participle

 * 1) about to warm up

title: tepefacturus


text: tepefeceramus

title: tepefeceramus


text: tepefeceratis

title: tepefeceratis


text:
tepefactus

Etymology
Perfect passive participle of.

Participle

 * 1) warmed up

title: tepefactus


text: tepefecerant

title: tepefecerant


text: tepefio

title: tepefio


text: tepefis

title: tepefis


text: tepefit

title: tepefit


text: tepefimus

title: tepefimus


text: tepefitis

title: tepefitis


text: tepefiunt

title: tepefiunt


text: tepefiam

title: tepefiam


text: tepefies

title: tepefies


text: tepefacientes

title: tepefacientes


text: tepefiet

title: tepefiet


text: tepefiemus

title: tepefiemus


text: tepefacientia

title: tepefacientia


text: tepefietis

title: tepefietis


text: tepefient

title: tepefient


text: tepefacientis

title: tepefacientis


text: tepefiebam

title: tepefiebam


text: tepefiebas

title: tepefiebas


text: tepefacientium

title: tepefacientium


text: tepefiebat

title: tepefiebat


text: tepefiebamus

title: tepefiebamus


text: tepefacienti

title: tepefacienti


text: tepefiebatis

title: tepefiebatis


text: tepefiebant

title: tepefiebant


text: tepefaciente

title: tepefaciente


text: tepefacias

title: tepefacias


text: tepefacientibus

title: tepefacientibus


text: tepefaciat

title: tepefaciat


text: tepefaciamus

title: tepefaciamus


text: tepefacientem

title: tepefacientem


text: tepefaciatis

title: tepefaciatis


text: tepefaciant

title: tepefaciant


text: tepefacerem

title: tepefacerem


text: tepefactura

title: tepefactura


text: tepefaceres

title: tepefaceres


text: tepefaceret

title: tepefaceret


text: tepefacturum

title: tepefacturum


text: tepefaceremus

title: tepefaceremus


text: tepefaceretis

title: tepefaceretis


text: tepefacturi

title: tepefacturi


text: tepefacerent

title: tepefacerent


text: tepefecerim

title: tepefecerim


text: tepefacturae

title: tepefacturae


text: tepefecissem

title: tepefecissem


text: tepefecisses

title: tepefecisses


text: tepefacturorum

title: tepefacturorum


text: tepefecisset

title: tepefecisset


text: tepefecissemus

title: tepefecissemus


text: tepefacturarum

title: tepefacturarum


text: tepefecissetis

title: tepefecissetis


text: tepefacturo

title: tepefacturo


text: tepefecissent

title: tepefecissent


text: tepefias

title: tepefias


text: tepefacturis

title: tepefacturis


text: tepefiat

title: tepefiat


text: tepefacturam

title: tepefacturam


text: tepefiamus

title: tepefiamus


text: tepefiatis

title: tepefiatis


text: tepefiant

title: tepefiant


text: tepefacturos

title: tepefacturos


text: tepefierem

title: tepefierem


text: tepefieres

title: tepefieres


text: tepefacturas

title: tepefacturas


text: tepefieret

title: tepefieret


text: tepefieremus

title: tepefieremus


text: tepefacture

title: tepefacture


text: tepefieretis

title: tepefieretis


text: tepefierent

title: tepefierent


text: tepefac

title: tepefac


text: tepefacta

title: tepefacta


text: tepefacito

title: tepefacito


text: tepefacite

title: tepefacite


text: tepefacitote

title: tepefacitote


text: tepefactum

title: tepefactum


text: tepefaciunto

title: tepefaciunto


text: tepefi

title: tepefi


text: tepefacti

title: tepefacti


text: tepefito

title: tepefito


text: tepefactae

title: tepefactae


text: tepefite

title: tepefite


text: tepefitote

title: tepefitote


text: tepefactorum

title: tepefactorum


text: tepefacere

title: tepefacere


text: tepefecisse

title: tepefecisse


text: tepefactarum

title: tepefactarum


text: tepefieri

title: tepefieri


text: tepefacto

title: tepefacto


text: tepefactis

title: tepefactis


text: tepefactam

title: tepefactam


text: tepefactos

title: tepefactos


text: tepefactas

title: tepefactas


text: tepefacte

title: tepefacte


text:
revendicateur

Noun

 * 1) claimant

title: revendicateur


text:
tessellatus

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) tesselated
 * 2)  mosaic

title: tessellatus


text: tessellata

title: tessellata


text: tessellatum

title: tessellatum


text: tessellati

title: tessellati


text: tessellatae

title: tessellatae


text: tessellatorum

title: tessellatorum


text: tessellatarum

title: tessellatarum


text:
tessellato

Adjective

 * 1) tessellated

title: tessellato


text: tessellatis

title: tessellatis


text: tessellatam

title: tessellatam


text: tessellatos

title: tessellatos


text: tessellatas

title: tessellatas


text: tessellarum

title: tessellarum


text: tessellis

title: tessellis


text: tessellam

title: tessellam


text: tessellas

title: tessellas


text: nacions

title: nacions


text: tǔdì

title: tǔdì


text: tesserarum

title: tesserarum


text: tesseris

title: tesseris


text: tesseram

title: tesseram


text: tesseras

title: tesseras


text: túdì

title: túdì


text:
testans

Etymology
Present participle of.

Participle

 * 1) testifying

title: testans


text:
testaturus

Etymology
Future active participle of.

Participle

 * 1) about to testify

title: testaturus


text:
testatus

Etymology
Perfect passive participle of.

Participle

 * 1) testified

title: testatus


text:
松節油

Noun

 * 1) turpentine
 * 2)  rosin

title: 松節油


text: testantes

title: testantes


text: testantia

title: testantia


text: testantis

title: testantis


text: testantium

title: testantium


text: testanti

title: testanti


text: testantibus

title: testantibus


text: testantem

title: testantem


text: testatura

title: testatura


text: testaturum

title: testaturum


text: testaturi

title: testaturi


text: testaturae

title: testaturae


text: testaturorum

title: testaturorum


text: testaturarum

title: testaturarum


text: testaturo

title: testaturo


text: testaturis

title: testaturis


text: testaturam

title: testaturam


text: testaturos

title: testaturos


text: testaturas

title: testaturas


text: testature

title: testature


text:
testatum

Noun

 * 1)  One of the clauses of an English deed, enumerating the operative words of transfer, statement of consideration, money, etc.

title: testatum


text: testatae

title: testatae


text: testatarum

title: testatarum


text: testatis

title: testatis


text: testatam

title: testatam


text: testatos

title: testatos


text: testatas

title: testatas


text:
kielen päällä

Etymology
+

Phrase

 * 1)  on the tip of one's tongue known but not quite remembered

title: kielen päällä


text:
thalamegus

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) thalamegos

title: thalamegus


text:
theatralis

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) theatrical
 * 2)  stage

title: theatralis


text: theatrales

title: theatrales


text: theatralia

title: theatralia


text: theatralium

title: theatralium


text: theatrali

title: theatrali


text: theatralibus

title: theatralibus


text: theatralem

title: theatralem


text:
kieli solmussa

Etymology
+

Phrase

 * 1)  tongue-tied, at a loss for words unable to express oneself clearly or fluently

title: kieli solmussa


text: thoracis

title: thoracis


text: thoracum

title: thoracum


text: thoraci

title: thoraci


text: thoracibus

title: thoracibus


text: thoracem

title: thoracem


text: thorace

title: thorace


text:
branny

Adjective

 * 1) Full of or resembling bran.

Derived terms

 * branny desquamation

title: branny


text: tigrium

title: tigrium


text: tigribus

title: tigribus


text: tigrim

title: tigrim


text:
bathybic

Adjective

 * 1)  Living in the depths of the water, or near the bottom under the deep water.

title: bathybic


text:
timiditas

Noun

 * 1) timidity
 * 2) fearfulness, cowardice

title: timiditas


text:
geophilous

Adjective

 * 1) Loving the ground: specifically applied to sundry animals, especially the Geophila or land-snails.
 * 2)  Terrestrial; growing or rooting in the ground.
 * 3)  growing on the ground or on decaying vegetable matter: applied by Pound and Clements to a class of fungi.
 * 4) Fruiting underground.

title: geophilous


text:
pultaceous

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Macerated; softened; nearly.

Translations

 * French:
 * German: breiartig

title: pultaceous


text:
togatarius

Noun

 * 1) An actor in the fabula togata

title: togatarius


text:
toreuma

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) embossed or carved work

title: toreuma


text: torpentes

title: torpentes


text: torpentia

title: torpentia


text: torpentis

title: torpentis


text: torpentium

title: torpentium


text: torpenti

title: torpenti


text: torpente

title: torpente


text: torpentibus

title: torpentibus


text: torpentem

title: torpentem


text: tractabilior

title: tractabilior


text: tractabilius

title: tractabilius


text: tractabiliores

title: tractabiliores


text: tractabiliora

title: tractabiliora


text: tractabilioris

title: tractabilioris


text: tractabiliorum

title: tractabiliorum


text: tractabiliori

title: tractabiliori


text: tractabiliorem

title: tractabiliorem


text: tractabiliore

title: tractabiliore


text: tractabilioribus

title: tractabilioribus


text:
tragoedia

Etymology
Borrowed from, from +.

Noun

 * 1)  tragedy

title: tragoedia


text:
tramer

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to weave
 * 2) to hatch, think up, come up with

title: tramer


text:
User:Hbrug/Monosyllabicity

This is even worse than.

Sample dictionary passage
《·釋畜第十九》 ("Dictionary: Explanation of various animals, No.19", 3rd century BC)： 膝上皆白，惟馵. 四骹皆白，驓. 四蹢皆白，首. 前足皆白，騱. 後足皆白，翑. 前右足白，啓；左白，踦. 後右足白，驤；左白，馵. tjogs - horse with all-white knees. zɯŋ - horse with four white lower legs. hljuʔ - horse with four white hoofs. geː - horse with all-white forefeet. go - horse with all-white backfeet. kʰeːʔ - horse with a white front right hoof. kʰral - horse with a white front left hoof. snaŋ - horse with a white rear right hoof. tjogs - horse with a white rear left hoof.

駵馬白腹，騵. 驪馬白跨，驈. 白州，驠. 尾本白，騴. 尾白，駺. 馰顙，白顛. 白達，素縣. 面顙皆白，惟駹. ŋʷan - red horse with white abdomen. ɢʷjid - black horse with white hip. qeːns - horse with white dock. qraːns - horse with white tail root. raːŋ - horse with white tail. braːg tiːn - horse with white forehead. saːs gʷeːn - horse with white nose. mroːŋ - horse with white face.

駵白，駁. 黃白，騜. 駵馬黃脊，騝. 驪馬黃脊，騽. 青驪，駽. 青驪驎，驒. 青驪繁鬣，騥. 驪白雜毛，駂. 黃白雜毛，駓. 陰白雜毛，駰. 蒼白雜毛，騅. 彤白雜毛，騢. 白馬黑鬣，駱. 白馬黑脣，駩；黑喙，騧. 一目白，瞷. 二目白，魚. praːwɢ - red-and-white horse. gʷaːŋ - yellow-and-white horse. gran - yellow-back red horse. ɢrub - yellow-back black horse. qʰʷeːn - bluegreen-black horse. daːl - bluegreen-black horse with fishscale-like stripes. mju - bluegreen-black horse with thick mane. puːʔ - horse with black-and-white hair. pʰrɯ - horse with yellow-and-white hair. qin - horse with light black-and-white hair. tjul - horse with bluegreen-and-white hair. graː - horse with red-and-white hair. g·raːg - white horse with black mane. sl̥on - white horse with black lips. kroːl - horse with black mouth. greːn - horse with one white eye. ŋa - horse with two white eyes.

既差我馬，宗廟齊毫，戎事齊力，田獵齊足. ──馬屬. With regard to choosing horses: For sacrifice events at ancestral houses, use horses of the same colour; for military battles, use horses of the same (maximum) strength; for hunting, use horses with the same speed. End of horses.

犘牛. 犦牛. 犤牛. 犩牛. 犣牛. 犝牛. 犑牛. 角一俯一仰，觭；皆踊，觢. 黑脣，犉. 黑眥，牰. 黑耳，犚. 黑腹，牧. 黑脚，犈. 其子，犢. 體長，牬. 絕有力，欣犌. ──牛屬.

羊：牡，羒；牝，牂. 夏羊：牡，羭；牝，羖. 角不齊，觤. 角三觠，羷. 羳羊，黃腹. 未成羊，羜. 絕有力，奮. ──羊屬.

犬生三，猣；二，師；一，玂. 未成毫，狗. 長喙，獫. 短喙，猲獢. 絕有力，狣. 尨，狗也. ──狗屬.

雞，大者蜀. 蜀子，雓. 未成雞，僆. 絕有力，奮. ──雞屬.

馬八尺爲駥. 牛七尺爲犉. 羊六尺爲羬. 彘五尺爲豟. 狗四尺爲獒. 雞三尺爲鶤. ──六畜.

title: User:Hbrug/Monosyllabicity


text:
traiciens

Etymology
Present participle of.

Participle

 * 1) transferring

title: traiciens


text:
traiecturus

Etymology
Future active participle of.

Participle

 * 1) about to transfer

title: traiecturus


text:
traiciendus

Etymology
Future passive participle of.

Participle

 * 1) which is to be transferred

title: traiciendus


text: traicientes

title: traicientes


text: traicientia

title: traicientia


text: traicientis

title: traicientis


text: traicientium

title: traicientium


text: traicienti

title: traicienti


text: traiciente

title: traiciente


text: traicientibus

title: traicientibus


text: traicientem

title: traicientem


text: traiectura

title: traiectura


text: traiecturum

title: traiecturum


text: traiecturi

title: traiecturi


text: traiecturae

title: traiecturae


text: traiecturorum

title: traiecturorum


text: traiecturarum

title: traiecturarum


text: traiecturo

title: traiecturo


text: traiecturis

title: traiecturis


text: traiecturam

title: traiecturam


text: traiecturos

title: traiecturos


text: traiecturas

title: traiecturas


text: traiecture

title: traiecture


text: traiectum

title: traiectum


text: traicienda

title: traicienda


text: traiciendum

title: traiciendum


text: traiciendi

title: traiciendi


text: traiciendae

title: traiciendae


text: traiciendorum

title: traiciendorum


text: traiciendarum

title: traiciendarum


text: traiciendo

title: traiciendo


text: traiciendis

title: traiciendis


text: traiciendam

title: traiciendam


text: traiciendos

title: traiciendos


text: traiciendas

title: traiciendas


text: traiciende

title: traiciende


text: sìhu

title: sìhu


text: Sūn

title: Sūn


text:
but cadré

Noun

 * 1)  shot on goal

title: but cadré


text:
tralaticius

Etymology
From, the first element a variant of.

Adjective

 * 1) traditional, customary, usual, ordinary

title: tralaticius


text: tralaticia

title: tralaticia


text: tralaticium

title: tralaticium


text: tralaticii

title: tralaticii


text: tralaticiae

title: tralaticiae


text: tralaticiorum

title: tralaticiorum


text: tralaticiarum

title: tralaticiarum


text: tralaticio

title: tralaticio


text: tralaticiis

title: tralaticiis


text: tralaticiam

title: tralaticiam


text: tralaticios

title: tralaticios


text: tralaticias

title: tralaticias


text: tralaticie

title: tralaticie


text:
transfretaturus

Etymology
Future active participle of.

Participle

 * 1) about to cross

title: transfretaturus


text:
transfretatus

Etymology
Perfect passive participle of.

Participle

 * 1) crossed

title: transfretatus


text:
transfretandus

Etymology
Future passive participle of.

Participle

 * 1) which is to be crossed

title: transfretandus


text: transfretatura

title: transfretatura


text: transfretaturum

title: transfretaturum


text: transfretaturi

title: transfretaturi


text: transfretaturae

title: transfretaturae