text:
User:Rua/Modern Germanic

Imagine what things would have been like if people still spoke the old Germanic language. Of course a modern language would need words for modern concepts. What words would they use for things that didn't exist two thousand years ago? I've made a short list of words that those people might have coined if they still lived today.

If you have any to add, go right ahead!

Electronics

 * audiobook:
 * (Latin )
 * ("sound book", Icelandic, Swedish )
 * camera:
 * *kamerō (Latin )
 * ("image device")
 * electricity:
 * ("amber power", Icelandic with a different word for "amber")
 * *ēlihtrikitāts (Latin  + )
 * photograph:
 * *fōtografō (Ancient Greek  + )
 * *bōwadakurbō (PIE )
 * (calque)
 * printer:
 * ("presser", Dutch, also a calque of )
 * (Latin + )
 * (PIE )
 * radio:
 * ("soundcast", Icelandic )
 * *radjaz (Latin )
 * television:
 * ("visioncast", Icelandic )
 * *tīliwīsijǭ (Ancient Greek  + Latin )
 * *hwēliwīsijǭ (PIE )
 * telephone:
 * (calque of telephone)
 * (“far-speaker”, German Fernsprecher, English farspeaker)
 * *tīlifōnō (Ancient Greek  + Ancient Greek )
 * *hwēlibōnō (PIE )
 * videogame:
 * (Latin )
 * (PIE )

Social media

 * Facebook:
 * (Latin )
 * Instagram:
 * *Īnstagrammô (Latin  + Ancient Greek )
 * LinkedIn:
 * Reddit:
 * Skype:
 * (Latin )
 * Twitter:
 * Whatsapp:
 * (Latin )
 * YouTube:
 * (Latin )
 * (Latin )
 * YouTube:
 * (Latin )
 * (Latin )

Computing

 * central processing unit (CPU):
 * (Icelandic )
 * prōkessārijaz (German )
 * code (noun):
 * *kōdeks (Latin )
 * code (verb):
 * coding:
 * computer:
 * *rahnijandz
 * (Latin )
 * (PIE )
 * (calque of above)
 * hard drive:
 * hardware:
 * internet:
 * ("all-net", Icelandic/Faroese )
 * (Latin )
 * (PIE )
 * keyboard:
 * (Latin -> French, Dutch )
 * *tahsitātūrō (Latin  +  +  -> German )
 * laptop:
 * motherboard:
 * overwrite:
 * (English )
 * (German, Dutch )
 * password:
 * ("key word", Icelandic )
 * (Latin )
 * processor:
 * (Latin )
 * program:
 * *prugramma (t-stem) (Ancient Greek )
 * *frakurbmun (d-stem) (PIE )
 * (Icelandic )
 * programming:
 * programming language:
 * software:
 * username:
 * variable:
 * *warjābiliz (Latin )
 * webcam:
 * kamerō
 * webpage:
 * pāginō (Latin )
 * website:
 * situz (Latin )
 * software:
 * username:
 * variable:
 * *warjābiliz (Latin )
 * webcam:
 * kamerō
 * webpage:
 * pāginō (Latin )
 * website:
 * situz (Latin )
 * webpage:
 * pāginō (Latin )
 * website:
 * situz (Latin )

Sport

 * badminton:
 * (German )
 * basketball:
 * (Latin )
 * boxing:
 * ("fist games", Icelandic with a different word for "fist")
 * football:
 * martial art:
 * *mārtijāliz arts (Latin  + )
 * netball:
 * sport:
 * (Icelandic )
 * *(di)spurtaz (Latin  + )
 * sportsman:
 * (Icelandic with a different word for "man")
 * *aþlētaz (Ancient Greek )
 * sportswoman:
 * (Icelandic )
 * *aþlētinī (Ancient Greek  + )
 * table tennis:
 * tenaiþs (English  with a different word for "table")
 * tennis:
 * *tenētes (second person plural infinitive of Latin )
 * (using Germanic inflection)
 * (PIE )
 * tennis ball:
 * table tennis:
 * tenaiþs (English  with a different word for "table")
 * tennis:
 * *tenētes (second person plural infinitive of Latin )
 * (using Germanic inflection)
 * (PIE )
 * tennis ball:

Transport

 * airplane:
 * ("flight device", German, Western Frisian , Dutch )
 * *āerplāną (Ancient Greek  + Latin )
 * *auzērflōną (PIE )
 * airport:
 * ("flight harbour", German )
 * ("air harbour", Dutch, Danish )
 * *āerpurtūz (Ancient Greek  + Latin )
 * *auzērfardūz (PIE )
 * astronaut:
 * *astrunautaz, (Ancient Greek  + )
 * *kusmunautaz, (Ancient Greek  + )
 * , ("space traveller", German )
 * , ("star sailor", calque)
 * bicycle:
 * *bikiklaz (Latin  + )
 * *twiguglaz (PIE )
 * ("ride wheel", Dutch, German )
 * *wēlōkipēdz (Latin  +  -> French )
 * bus:
 * *busaz
 * *umnimaz (Latin )
 * *abnimaz (PIE )
 * ("street wagon", Icelandic with a different word for "street")
 * bus driver:
 * (male)
 * (female)
 * bus station:
 * *busastatjǭ (Latin )
 * bus stop:
 * ("bus holding place", German with a different word for "place")
 * car:
 * (Western Frisian wein, Dutch wagen)
 * ("power cart", German, Dutch )
 * ("self-mover", calque of )
 * *karraz (Latin )
 * conductor:
 * (Latin, male)
 * (female)
 * flight:
 * junction:
 * *jūnhtijǭ (Latin )
 * monorail:
 * *munurēgulō (Ancient Greek, Latin )
 * ("one rail", German, Norwegian )
 * motorcycle:
 * *mōtōrkiklaz (Latin  + )
 * ("motor wheel", Icelandic, German )
 * motorway:
 * (English, Swedish )
 * (English )
 * (Ancient Greek -> German )
 * (PIE )
 * ("fast path", Icelandic )
 * pilot:
 * *pēdōtō (Ancient Greek  -> Italian, male)
 * (female)
 * platform:
 * *platufōrmō (Ancient Greek  + Latin  -> French )
 * (German )
 * railway:
 * ("ironway", Swedish )
 * ("trailway", Dutch, Swedish )
 * (Latin )
 * (PIE )
 * railway station:
 * ("waiting place")
 * ("track court", German with a different word for "track")
 * *statjǭ (Latin )
 * *stadjǭ (PIE )
 * space ship:
 * ("space ship", German )
 * (Latin )
 * subway:
 * (Latin )
 * (English )
 * (German )
 * *mētraz (Ancient Greek  -> French )
 * terminus:
 * *terminaz (Latin )
 * statjǭ ("end station", German, Danish )
 * train:
 * ("track-cart puller")
 * train driver:
 * (male)
 * (female)
 * train wagon:
 * ("track-cart")
 * tram:
 * ("street track", German with a different word for "street")
 * ("street track", German with a different word for "street")

Branches

 * anthropology:
 * ("person wisdom", Icelandic )
 * *anþrōpulugjō (Ancient Greek )
 * astronomy:
 * ("star wisdom", Icelandic, Dutch )
 * *astranumjō (Ancient Greek )
 * *stranamjō (PIE )
 * biology:
 * ("life wisdom", Icelandic )
 * *bialugjō (Latin )
 * *kwikwalakjō (PIE )
 * chemistry:
 * ("separation wisdom", Dutch )
 * *hēmījō (Ancient Greek )
 * geography:
 * ("land wisdom", Icelandic )
 * ("earth realm wisdom", Dutch )
 * *geōgrafjō (Ancient Greek )
 * geology:
 * ("earth wisdom", Icelandic )
 * *geōlugjō (Latin )
 * linguistics:
 * (English )
 * (German )
 * *lingwistikō (Latin  +  + )
 * (PIE + )
 * mathematics:
 * ("learny", calque of )
 * ("size wisdom", Icelandic )
 * *maþēmatikaz (Ancient Greek )
 * *mundēmundigaz (PIE )
 * mechanics:
 * ("work wisdom")
 * *mēhanikaz (Ancient Greek )
 * medicine:
 * ("doctor wisdom", Icelandic )
 * ("healing wisdom", Dutch )
 * *midikīnō (Latin )
 * *metigīnō (PIE )
 * meteorology:
 * ("weather wisdom", Icelandic )
 * *meteōrulugjō (Latin )
 * ornithology:
 * ("bird wisdom", Icelandic )
 * *urniþulugjō (Latin )
 * physics:
 * ("nature wisdom", Icelandic with a different word for "nature")
 * *fisikaz (Ancient Greek )
 * *būdigaz (PIE )
 * psychology:
 * ("soul wisdom", Icelandic )
 * *fsīhalugjō (Ancient Greek )
 * zoology:
 * ("animal wisdom", Icelandic )
 * *zō(j)alugjō (Ancient Greek )

Scientists

 * biologist:
 * (Icelandic )
 * scientist:
 * *skijentistaz (English, male)
 * (female)
 * (German, male)
 * (German, female)
 * (Swedish, male)
 * (female)

Particles

 * atom:
 * ("first unit", Icelandic )
 * ("undivided", calque of )
 * *atumaz (Ancient Greek )
 * *undamaz (PIE )
 * baryon:
 * *barjand (Ancient Greek )
 * boson:
 * *basand (Bengali )
 * electron:
 * ("amber unit", Icelandic, compare "electricity" above)
 * *ēlehtrand (Ancient Greek )
 * fermion:
 * *firmījand (Latin )
 * gluon:
 * *glū(t)and (Latin )
 * graviton:
 * *gravitand (Latin )
 * hadron:
 * *hadrand (Ancient Greek )
 * kaon:
 * *kāand (Latin )
 * lepton:
 * *leftand (Ancient Greek )
 * meson:
 * *mesand (Ancient Greek )
 * molecule:
 * ("together-unit", Icelandic )
 * *mōlikulō (Latin )
 * muon:
 * *mījand (Ancient Greek )
 * neutron:
 * ("sister unit", Icelandic with a different word for "sister")
 * *neutrand (Latin )
 * -on:
 * (neuter form of Ancient Greek )
 * pion:
 * *pījand (Ancient Greek )
 * photon:
 * ("light unit", Icelandic )
 * *fōtand (Ancient Greek )
 * proton:
 * ("root unit", Icelandic )
 * *prōtand (Ancient Greek )
 * quark:
 * *twāragaz (Proto-Slavic )

Elements

 * hydrogen:
 * ("water essence", Dutch )
 * *hidraginaz (z-stem) (Ancient Greek  + )
 * *utrakinaz (z-stem) (PIE )
 * helium:
 * ("sun essence", from Greek )
 * *sōwulją (PIE )
 * lithium:
 * ("stone essence")
 * (Ancient Greek )
 * beryllium:
 * (Ancient Greek )
 * boron:
 * *baurô (Latin )
 * carbon:
 * ("coal essence", Dutch )
 * *karbô (Latin )
 * nitrogen:
 * ("quelling essence", Danish, Dutch )
 * *nitraginaz (z-stem) (Ancient Greek  + )
 * oxygen:
 * ("acid essence", Dutch, Icelandic )
 * *uhsuginaz (z-stem) (Ancient Greek  + )
 * fluorine:
 * ("flow essence")
 * *fluōrīnō (Latin )
 * neon:
 * ("new essence")
 * *neą (Ancient Greek )
 * *newą (PIE )
 * sodium:
 * ("lye essence")
 * *natriją (Latin )
 * magnesium:
 * *magnīsiją (Latin )
 * aluminium:
 * *alūminją (Latin )
 * silicon:
 * ("sand essence")
 * *silikô (Latin )
 * phosphorus:
 * ("illuminating essence")
 * *fōsfuraz (Ancient Greek )
 * *baazbaraz (PIE )
 * sulphur:
 * chlorine:
 * ("green essence")
 * *hlōrīnō (Ancient Greek )
 * *gularīnaz (PIE )
 * argon:
 * ("lazy essence")
 * *ārgą (Ancient Greek )
 * *unwerką (PIE )
 * potassium:
 * ("pot" + "ash")
 * *kalją (Latin )
 * calcium:
 * ("lime essence")
 * *kalkiją (Latin )
 * scandium:
 * (through Latin )
 * titanium:
 * *tītāniją (Ancient Greek )
 * chromium:
 * ("colour essence")
 * *hrōmiją (Ancient Greek )
 * manganese:
 * *manganīsi
 * iron:
 * cobalt:
 * nickel:
 * *nīkulaz (Ancient Greek )
 * copper:
 * zinc:
 * gallium:
 * *galją (Latin )
 * germanium:
 * *germāniją (Latin )
 * arsenic:
 * *arsiniką (Ancient Greek )
 * selenium:
 * ("moon essence")
 * *silīniją (Ancient Greek )
 * bromine:
 * ("stench essence")
 * *brōmīnō (Ancient Greek )
 * krypton:
 * ("hidden essence")
 * *kriftą (Ancient Greek )
 * rubidium:
 * ("red essence")
 * *rubidją (Latin )
 * strontium:
 * *strugnōsīdazją (Proto-Celtic  + Proto-Celtic )
 * yttrium:
 * niobium:
 * *niubją (Ancient Greek )
 * molybdenum:
 * *mulibdainą (Ancient Greek )
 * technetium:
 * *tihnītiją (Ancient Greek )
 * rhodium:
 * *hrudją (Ancient Greek )
 * palladium:
 * *palladją (Ancient Greek )
 * silver:
 * cadmium:
 * *kadmiją (Ancient Greek )
 * indium:
 * *indi(k)ją (Latin )
 * tin:
 * antimony:
 * *antimunją (Latin )
 * *stibją (Latin )
 * tellurium:
 * ("Earth essence")
 * *tellūziją (Latin )
 * iodine:
 * ("purple essence")
 * *ijōdīnō (Ancient Greek )
 * xenon:
 * ("foreign essence")
 * *seną (Ancient Greek )
 * caesium:
 * *kaisiją (Latin )
 * barium:
 * ("heavy essence")
 * *barją (Ancient Greek )
 * (PIE )
 * lanthanum:
 * *lanþaną (Ancient Greek )
 * cerium:
 * *kerją (Latin )
 * praseodymium:
 * *prasiudimją (Ancient Greek  + )
 * neodymium:
 * *niudimją (Ancient Greek  + )
 * promethium:
 * *prumīþiją (Ancient Greek )
 * europium:
 * *eurōpiją (Ancient Greek )
 * terbium:
 * dysprosium:
 * *disprusją (Ancient Greek )
 * holmium:
 * erbium:
 * thulium:
 * *þūliją (Ancient Greek )
 * ytterbium:
 * lutetium:
 * *lutitją (Latin )
 * hafnium:
 * tantalum:
 * *tantalą (Ancient Greek )
 * tungsten:
 * rhenium:
 * osmium:
 * *usmiją (Ancient Greek )
 * iridium:
 * *īridją (Ancient Greek )
 * platinum:
 * *platīną (Ancient Greek )
 * gold:
 * mercury:
 * ("quick silver", English, Dutch )
 * *merkurjaz (Latin )
 * thallium:
 * *þalją (Ancient Greek )
 * lead:
 * bismuth:
 * (Latin )
 * polonium:
 * *pulunją (Latin )
 * astatine:
 * *astatīnō (Ancient Greek )
 * radon:
 * *radą (Latin )
 * francium:
 * radium:
 * *radją (Latin )
 * actinium:
 * *ahtīniją (Ancient Greek )
 * thorium:
 * protactinium:
 * *prōtahtīniją (Ancient Greek  + )
 * uranium:
 * *ūranją (Ancient Greek )
 * neptunium:
 * *neftūniją (Latin )
 * plutonium:
 * *plūtōniją (Ancient Greek )
 * americium:
 * curium:
 * *kūriją (Latin )
 * berkelium:
 * einsteinium:
 * fermium:
 * *firmiją (Latin )
 * lawrencium:
 * *laurintiją (Latin )
 * rutherfordium:
 * seaborgium:
 * moscovium:
 * *maskawją (Proto-Slavic )
 * *maskūją
 * oganesson:
 * *jōannēsą (Ancient Greek, via Armenian , via )
 * uranium:
 * *ūranją (Ancient Greek )
 * neptunium:
 * *neftūniją (Latin )
 * plutonium:
 * *plūtōniją (Ancient Greek )
 * americium:
 * curium:
 * *kūriją (Latin )
 * berkelium:
 * einsteinium:
 * fermium:
 * *firmiją (Latin )
 * lawrencium:
 * *laurintiją (Latin )
 * rutherfordium:
 * seaborgium:
 * moscovium:
 * *maskawją (Proto-Slavic )
 * *maskūją
 * oganesson:
 * *jōannēsą (Ancient Greek, via Armenian , via )
 * moscovium:
 * *maskawją (Proto-Slavic )
 * *maskūją
 * oganesson:
 * *jōannēsą (Ancient Greek, via Armenian , via )

Other materials

 * magnet:
 * ("guidestone", English )
 * halogen:
 * ("salt essence")

Epidemiology/pathology

 * bacterium:
 * *bahterją (Ancient Greek )
 * ("little rod", calque)

 * cancer:
 * *kankraz (Latin )
 * ("crab sickness")

 * coronavirus:
 * *kurōnōwīraz (Ancient Greek  + Latin )
 * *haraunōwīzaz (PIE )

 * disease:
 * *disadjakandz (Latin  + )
 * (PIE )

 * epidemic:
 * *epidīmikaz (Ancient Greek  + )
 * *ebitōmigaz (PIE )

 * fever:
 * *febriz (Latin )
 * *dewriz (PIE )

 * herd immunity:
 * (Latin )
 * (PIE )

 * hygiene:
 * *(h)igjīnō (Ancient Greek )
 * *jukwijaznō (PIE )

 * influenza:
 * *īnfluintijō (Latin )
 * (PIE )

 * lockdown:

 * outbreak:

 * pandemic:
 * *pandīmikaz (Ancient Greek  + )
 * *fantōmigaz (PIE )

 * pneumonia:
 * *pneumōnijō (Ancient Greek  + )
 * *fneumōnijō (PIE )

 * quarantine:
 * *kwadragintīnō (Latin  + )
 * (calque of above)

 * respiratory droplets:
 * (Latin +  +  + )

 * SARS:
 * *siwīrō akūtō respīrātōrijō sindrumō (Latin  +  +  +  + Ancient Greek )
 * *sewērō agudō wrespīzōtrijō gantramō (PIE )

 * self-isolation:
 * (Latin + )

 * social distancing:
 * (Latin + )
 * (PIE )

 * symptom:
 * *simftōmats (Ancient Greek )
 * *samfdōmun (PIE )

 * vaccine:
 * *wakkīnaz (Latin )
 * (PIE )

 * virus:
 * *wīraz (Latin )
 * *wīzaz (PIE )

 * WHO:
 * (Ancient Greek +  + Latin )
 * (PIE )

 * zoonotic:
 * *zōanutikaz (Ancient Greek  + )

Evolutionary theory

 * evolution:
 * *ēwulūtijō (Latin )
 * ("outrolling", calque)

 * natural selection:
 * *nātūrālī sēlēhtijō (Latin  + )

Taxonomy

 * kingdom:

 * phylum:
 * *fīlą (Ancient Greek )
 * *būlą (PIE )

 * class:
 * *klassiz (Latin )

 * order:
 * *ōrdǭ (Latin )
 * *ardǭ (PIE )

 * family:
 * *familjō (Latin )
 * *damiljō (PIE )

 * genus:
 * *genaz (z-stem) (Latin )
 * *kenaz (z-stem) (PIE )
 * *kenaz (z-stem) (PIE )

 * species:
 * *spikiz (Latin )
 * *spigjō (PIE )

Animals

 * animal:
 * *animāli (Latin )
 * *anamōli (PIE )
 * *metazdō (Ancient Greek  + )
 * *midikwijakwō (PIE )
 * *midikwijakwō (PIE )

 * pet:
 * (German, Swedish )

 * chordate:
 * *kurdātō (Latin )

Chordate

 * amphibian:
 * *amfibiją (Ancient Greek )

 * mammal:
 * *mammālijō (Latin )
 * *mammālijō (Latin )

 * reptile:
 * *rēftilą (Latin )

Dinosauria

 * dinosaur:
 * *dinosauraz (Ancient Greek  + )
 * ("giant lizard", Icelandic )

Mammal

 * Carnivora:
 * *Karniwurō (Latin )
 * ("flesh eater")

 * Elephant shrew:
 * *Makruskelididō (Ancient Greek  +  + + )

 * Primate:
 * *Prīmāts (Latin )
 * *Fraizummōdz (PIE )

Primate

 * Gibbon:
 * *(h)īlubatidō (Ancient Greek  +  + Latin )
 * *sulakumidō (PIE  + Latin )

 * Hominidae:
 * (Latin )
 * *Huminidō (Latin  + )

 * Old World monkey:
 * *kerkopiþīkidôz (Ancient Greek  + Latin )

Hominidae

 * Australopithecus:
 * *Australupiþikaz (Latin  + Ancient Greek )
 * ("southern ape", calque)

 * Gorilla:
 * *Gurillō (Ancient Greek )

 * Homo:
 * *Humô (Latin )
 * *Humô (Latin )

 * Pan:
 * *Pānz (Ancient Greek )
 * *Fōzô (PIE )

Homo

 * Homo sapiens:
 * *Humô sapjandz (Latin  + )
 * (PIE )

 * Homo erectus:
 * *Humô īrīhtaz (Latin  + )
 * (PIE )

 * Homo neanderthalensis:
 * (PIE )

Ursidae

 * polar bear:
 * (Latin )
 * ("white bear", Icelandic, Yiddish )
 * ("ice bear", German, Swedish )

Plants

 * plant:
 * *plantō (Latin )
 * *flōndō (PIE )
 * *flōndō (PIE )

Fungi

 * fungus:
 * *fungōz (Latin )
 * *fungōz (Latin )

Units

 * light year:
 * light month:
 * light week:
 * light day:
 * light week:
 * light day:
 * light day:

Planets

 * planet:
 * ("earth star", Icelandic )
 * (calque of "wandering star", Ancient Greek )
 * *planētiz
 * exoplanet:
 * *ehsōplanētiz (Ancient Greek  + )
 * (calque of above)
 * Mercury:
 * ("planet of Odin")
 * (Latin )
 * (Ancient Greek )
 * Venus:
 * ("planet of Frigg")
 * (Latin )
 * *Wenaz (z-stem) (PIE )
 * (Ancient Greek )
 * Mars:
 * ("planet of Tyr")
 * (Latin )
 * (Ancient Greek )
 * Jupiter:
 * ("planet of Thor")
 * (Latin )
 * *Tjeubadēr (PIE )
 * (Ancient Greek )
 * Saturn:
 * ("planet of Sif")
 * (Latin )
 * (Ancient Greek )
 * Uranus:
 * ("planet of Ymir")
 * (Ancient Greek )
 * (Latin )
 * Neptune:
 * ("planet of Ægir")
 * (Latin )
 * (Ancient Greek )
 * (Ancient Greek )

Stars

 * Sun:
 * Sirius:
 * *Sīrijaz (Ancient Greek )
 * *Alfō Kaniz Majōriz
 * Canopus:
 * *Kanōpaz (Latin )
 * *Alfō Karīnōz
 * Alpha Centauri:
 * *Alfō Kentauras
 * *Regelaz Kentauraz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ρεγελος)
 * *Zalīmānaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ζαλειμᾱνος)
 * *Pruhsimō Kentauras (Latin )
 * Arcturus:
 * *Arhtūraz (Ancient Greek )
 * *Alfō Buōtōz
 * Vega:
 * *Wākijaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ουᾱκεος)
 * *Alfō Lirōz
 * Capella:
 * *Kapellō (Latin )
 * *Alfō Aurīgōz
 * *Alfō Auzejakōz
 * Rigel:
 * *Regelaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ρεγελος)
 * *Bētō Ōrījaz
 * Procyon:
 * *Prukjô (Ancient Greek )
 * *Alfō Kaniz Minōriz
 * Achernar:
 * *Āherannaraz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ᾱχερανναρος)
 * *Alfō Ēridanas
 * Betelgeuse:
 * *Iftalgauzāaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Εβταλγαυζᾱος)
 * *Jadalgauzāaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ιαδαλγαυζᾱος)
 * *Alfō Ōrījaz
 * *Alfō Ōrījaz

Satellites

 * Moon:
 * Phobos:
 * *Fubaz (Ancient Greek )
 * *Bakwaz (PIE )
 * Deimos:
 * *Dīmaz (Ancient Greek )
 * *Twīmaz (PIE )
 * Io:
 * *Ījuiz (Ancient Greek )
 * Europa:
 * *Eurōpō (Ancient Greek )
 * *Wruōwō (PIE )
 * Ganymede:
 * *Ganimēdaz (z-stem) (Ancient Greek )
 * Callisto:
 * *Kallistuiz (Ancient Greek )
 * Titan:
 * *Tītāniz (Ancient Greek )
 * Iapetus:
 * *Ījapetaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Rhea:
 * *Rejō (Ancient Greek )
 * Tethys:
 * *Tēþūz (Ancient Greek )
 * Dione:
 * *Djōnō (Ancient Greek )
 * Mimas:
 * *Mimānts (Ancient Greek )
 * Enceladus:
 * *Enkeladaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Titania:
 * *Tītānijō (Ancient Greek )
 * Oberon:
 * (possibly with French )
 * Ariel:
 * *Arjēlaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Umbriel:
 * *Umbrijēlaz (Latin )
 * Miranda:
 * *Mīrandō (Latin )
 * Triton:
 * *Trītǭ (Ancient Greek )
 * *Trītǭ (Ancient Greek )

Constellations

 * zodiac:
 * *zōdijakaz (Ancient Greek )
 * (calque of above)
 * Aries:
 * *Arīts (Latin )
 * Taurus:
 * *Tauraz (Latin )
 * Gemini:
 * *Giminōz (Latin )
 * *Kemanōz (PIE )
 * Cancer:
 * *Kankēr (Latin )
 * *Hurgraz (PIE )
 * Leo:
 * (Latin )
 * Virgo:
 * *Wirgô (Latin )
 * Libra:
 * *Lībrō (Latin )
 * Scorpio:
 * *Skurpijô (Latin )
 * Sagittarius:
 * (Latin )
 * Capricorn:
 * *Kaprikurnaz (Latin )
 * Aquarius:
 * (Latin )
 * (Latin )
 * Pisces:
 * *Piskīz (Latin )
 * Andromeda:
 * *Andrumidō (Ancient Greek )
 * *Narametō (PIE )
 * Aquila:
 * *Akwilō (Latin )
 * Ara:
 * *Ārō (Latin )
 * *Ōzō (PIE )
 * Auriga:
 * *Aurīgō (Latin )
 * *Auzijakō (PIE )
 * Bootes:
 * *Bwōtō (Ancient Greek )
 * Canis Major:
 * *Kaniz Majōraz (Latin  + Latin )
 * Canis Minor:
 * *Kaniz Minōraz (Latin  + Latin )
 * Cassiopeia:
 * *Kassijupījō (Ancient Greek )
 * Centaurus:
 * *Kentauraz (Ancient Greek )
 * Cepheus:
 * *Kēfēwiz (Ancient Greek )
 * Cetus:
 * *Kētaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Corona Australis:
 * *Kurōnō Austrālijō (Ancient Greek  + Latin )
 * Kurōnō
 * Corona Borealis:
 * *Kurōnō Burjālijō (Ancient Greek  + Latin )
 * Kurōnō
 * Corvus:
 * *Kurwaz (Latin )
 * Crater:
 * *Krātēriz (Ancient Greek )
 * Cygnus:
 * *Kiknaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Delphinus:
 * *Dilfinaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Draco:
 * (Ancient Greek )
 * Equuleus:
 * *Ekuljaz (Latin )
 * Eridanus:
 * *Ēridanaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Hercules:
 * *Hēraklijaz (z-stem) (Ancient Greek )
 * Hydra:
 * *(H)idrō (Ancient Greek )
 * Lepus:
 * *Lepaz (z-stem) (Latin )
 * Lupus:
 * *Lupaz (Latin )
 * Lyra:
 * *Lirō (Ancient Greek )
 * Ophiuchus:
 * *Ufjūhaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Orion:
 * *Ōrījô (Ancient Greek )
 * Pegasus:
 * *Pēgasaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Perseus:
 * *Persēwiz (Ancient Greek )
 * Piscis Austrinus:
 * *Piskiz Austrīnaz (Latin  + Latin )
 * Sagitta:
 * *Sagittō (Latin )
 * Serpens:
 * *Serpandz (Latin )
 * Triangulum:
 * *Trijangulą (Latin )
 * Ursa Major:
 * *Ursō Majōrō (Latin  + Latin )
 * Ursa Minor:
 * *Ursō Minōrō (Latin  + Latin )
 * Coma Berenices:
 * *Kōmō Birinīkō (Ancient Greek  + )
 * Columba:
 * *Kulumbō (Latin )
 * Apus:
 * *Apudz (Ancient Greek )
 * Chamaeleon:
 * *Hamaileundz (Ancient Greek )
 * Dorado:
 * *Daurātaz (Latin )
 * Grus:
 * *Gruwiz (Latin )
 * Hydrus:
 * *(H)idraz (Ancient Greek )
 * (PIE )
 * Indus:
 * *Indaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Musca:
 * *Muskō (Latin )
 * Pavo:
 * Phoenix:
 * *Fuiniks (Ancient Greek )
 * Triangulum Australe:
 * *Trijangulą Austrāliz (Latin  + )
 * Tucana:
 * *Tukanō (Latin )
 * Volans:
 * *Wulants (Latin )
 * Crux:
 * *Kruks (Latin )
 * Camelopardalis:
 * *Kamēlupardaliz (Ancient Greek )
 * Monoceros:
 * *Munukerōts (Latin )
 * Canes Venatici:
 * *Kanīz Wēnātikōz (Latin  + )
 * Lacerta:
 * *Lakertō (Latin )
 * Leo Minor:
 * Minōraz (Latin  + )
 * Lynx:
 * *Linhs (Ancient Greek )
 * Scutum:
 * *Skūtą (Latin )
 * Sextans:
 * *Sehstants (Latin )
 * Vulpecula:
 * *Wulpēkulō (Latin )
 * Antlia:
 * *Antlijō (Ancient Greek )
 * Caelum:
 * *Kailą (Latin )
 * Circinus:
 * *Kirkinaz (Latin )
 * Fornax:
 * *Furnāks (Latin )
 * Horologium:
 * *(H)ōrulugją (Ancient Greek )
 * Mensa:
 * *Mēnsō (Latin )
 * Microscopium:
 * *Mīkraskupją (Latin )
 * Norma:
 * *Nurmō (Latin )
 * Octans:
 * *Uhtants (Latin )
 * Pictor:
 * *Pihtōriz (Latin )
 * Pyxis:
 * *Pihsidz (Ancient Greek )
 * Reticulum:
 * *Rētikulą (Latin )
 * Sculptor:
 * *Skulftōriz (Latin )
 * Telescopium:
 * *Tēleskupją (Latin )
 * Carina:
 * *Karīnō (Latin )
 * Puppis:
 * *Puppiz (Latin )
 * Vela:
 * *Wēlō (Latin )
 * *Mīkraskupją (Latin )
 * Norma:
 * *Nurmō (Latin )
 * Octans:
 * *Uhtants (Latin )
 * Pictor:
 * *Pihtōriz (Latin )
 * Pyxis:
 * *Pihsidz (Ancient Greek )
 * Reticulum:
 * *Rētikulą (Latin )
 * Sculptor:
 * *Skulftōriz (Latin )
 * Telescopium:
 * *Tēleskupją (Latin )
 * Carina:
 * *Karīnō (Latin )
 * Puppis:
 * *Puppiz (Latin )
 * Vela:
 * *Wēlō (Latin )

Mathematics

 * algebra
 * *algibrō (Arabic )
 * ("letter arithmetic", Icelandic )
 * algorithm:
 * *algōriþmaz (Arabic )
 * (Icelandic )
 * arithmetic
 * *ariþmētikaz (Ancient Greek )
 * (Icelandic )
 * axiom
 * *ahsijōmats (Ancient Greek )
 * *ahtijajōmun (PIE )
 * billion (109):
 * *miljardaz (French )
 * *biljunaz (English )
 * miljonaz (English )
 * calculus:
 * *kalkulaz (Latin )
 * calculator:
 * ("reckoner", German )
 * (English )
 * complex number:
 * *kumplihsaz numiraz (Latin  + )
 * *gablehsaz namizaz (PIE )
 * digit:
 * *sifrō (Arabic )
 * element:
 * *ilimintą (Latin )
 * equation:
 * (German )
 * *aikwātijǭ (Latin )
 * even:
 * formula:
 * *fōrmulō (Latin )
 * fraction:
 * *frāhtijǭ (Latin )
 * (German, Swedish )
 * function:
 * *funhtijǭ (Latin )
 * *bunhdijǭ (PIE )
 * geometry:
 * *geōmetrijō (Ancient Greek )
 * ("space wisdom", Icelandic )
 * integer:
 * *intigraz (Latin )
 * *undakraz (PIE )
 * million:
 * *miljunaz (Italian )
 * ("large thousand")
 * natural number:
 * *nātūrāliz numiraz (Latin  + )
 * *kundurōliz namizaz (PIE )
 * odd:
 * percent:
 * *perkentą (Latin  )
 * (calque)
 * polynomial:
 * *pulunōmijāliz (Ancient Greek )
 * *falunōmijāliz (PIE )
 * prime number:
 * *prīmaz numiraz (Latin  + )
 * proof:
 * *prubō (Latin )
 * *frab(w)ō (PIE )
 * rational number:
 * *ratjōnāliz numiraz (Latin  + )
 * *radjanōliz namizaz (PIE )
 * real number:
 * *reāliz numiraz (Latin  + )
 * *rējōliz namizaz (PIE )
 * root:
 * set:
 * sine:
 * *sinuz (Latin )
 * solution:
 * *sulūtijǭ (Latin )
 * *swelūdijǭ (PIE )
 * (German )
 * tangent:
 * *tangandz (Latin )
 * *þunkandz (PIE )
 * theorem
 * *þeōrēmats (Ancient Greek )
 * trigonometry
 * *trigōnametrijō (Ancient Greek  + )
 * *þrikannamadrijō (PIE )
 * ("angle wisdom", Icelandic )
 * zero:
 * *zefraz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *ζεφρος)
 * *nūllō (Latin )
 * trigonometry
 * *trigōnametrijō (Ancient Greek  + )
 * *þrikannamadrijō (PIE )
 * ("angle wisdom", Icelandic )
 * zero:
 * *zefraz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *ζεφρος)
 * *nūllō (Latin )

Germanic languages

 * Grimm's law:
 * ("the First Sound Change", German )
 * (German )
 * Verner's law:
 * (Danish )
 * High German consonant shift:
 * ("the Second Sound Change", German )
 * strong verb:
 * weak verb:
 * Afrikaans:
 * (Latin )
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * English:
 * (Latin )
 * Faroese:
 * Frisian:
 * (Latin )
 * German:
 * *Germanaz (Latin )
 * Gothic:
 * Icelandic:
 * Low German:
 * Norwegian:
 * (Latin )
 * Swedish:
 * Gothic:
 * Icelandic:
 * Low German:
 * Norwegian:
 * (Latin )
 * Swedish:
 * Norwegian:
 * (Latin )
 * Swedish:
 * Swedish:

Grammar

 * case:
 * *kāsuz (Latin )
 * *hassuz (PIE )
 * conjugation:
 * *kunjugātjō (Latin )
 * (Dutch )
 * declension:
 * *dēklīnātjō (Latin )
 * ("case inflection", Icelandic )
 * gender:
 * *genaz (z-stem) (Latin )
 * grammar:
 * *grammatikō (Ancient Greek )
 * *kurbmundigaz (PIE )
 * ("speech wisdom", Icelandic )
 * inflection:
 * *īnflehsijō (Latin )
 * (German, Icelandic )
 * mood:
 * (English )
 * (Icelandic )
 * orthography:
 * *urþugrafjō (Ancient Greek )
 * ("right writing", German, Icelandic )
 * part of speech:
 * person:
 * *persōnō (Latin )
 * tense:
 * *timpaz (Latin )
 * voice:
 * *wōhs (Latin )
 * *timpaz (Latin )
 * voice:
 * *wōhs (Latin )
 * *wōhs (Latin )

Case

 * ablative case:
 * *ablātīwaz (Latin )
 * *aftuldīwaz (PIE )
 * ("taking away case")
 * accusative case:
 * *akkūsatīwaz (Latin )
 * ("blame case")
 * dative case:
 * *datīwaz (Latin )
 * *tadīwaz (PIE )
 * ("giving case")
 * ("whom case", German )
 * genitive case:
 * *ginitīwaz (Latin )
 * *kinidīwaz (PIE )
 * ("possession case")
 * instrumental case:
 * *īnstrūmintaliz (Latin )
 * *instraumundōliz (PIE )
 * ("tool case", Icelandic )
 * locative case:
 * *lukatīwaz (Latin )
 * *stulgōdīwaz (PIE )
 * ("location case", Icelandic )
 * nominative case:
 * *nōminātīwaz (Latin )
 * *unmunōdīwaz (PIE )
 * ("who case", German )
 * ("name case", Icelandic )
 * vocative case:
 * *wukātīwaz (Latin )
 * *wawōdīwaz (PIE )
 * ("calling case")
 * ("calling case")

Gender

 * common gender:
 * *utrą (Latin )
 * feminine gender:
 * *fēminīną (Latin )
 * masculine gender:
 * *maskulīną (Latin )
 * neuter gender:
 * *neutrą (Latin )
 * ("neither gender")
 * neuter gender:
 * *neutrą (Latin )
 * ("neither gender")

Mood

 * debitive mood:
 * *dibitiwaz (Latin )
 * ("need mood")
 * imperative mood:
 * *impirātīwaz (Latin )
 * ("order mood")
 * indicative mood:
 * *indikātīwaz (Latin )
 * ("showing mood")
 * optative mood:
 * *uptātīwaz (Latin )
 * ("wish mood")
 * subjunctive mood:
 * *kunjūnhtīwaz (Latin )
 * *subjūnhtīwaz (Latin )
 * ("joining mood")

Number

 * dual:
 * *dwāliz (Latin )
 * ("two number", Icelandic )
 * paucal:
 * *paukāliz (Latin )
 * ("few number")
 * plural:
 * *plūrāliz (Latin )
 * ("more number", German )
 * (Norwegian, Icelandic )
 * singular:
 * *singulāriz (Latin )
 * ("one number", German, Icelandic )
 * trial:
 * *trijāliz (Latin )
 * ("three number")

Parts of speech

 * adjective:
 * *adjehtīwą (Latin )
 * *atjēdīwaz (PIE )
 * ("description word", Icelandic )
 * adverb:
 * *adwirbiją (Latin )
 * *atwurdiją (PIE )
 * ("by-word", Dutch, Danish )
 * article:
 * *artikuluz (Latin )
 * ("joint word", Dutch )
 * noun:
 * *nōminiz (Latin )
 * *namô (PIE )
 * *sufstantīwą (Latin )
 * ("name word", Dutch, Icelandic )
 * pronoun:
 * *prōnōminiz (Latin )
 * *franamô (PIE )
 * proper noun:
 * *prōpriją (Latin )
 * ("own name", German, Dutch )
 * verb:
 * *werbą (Latin )
 * ("work word", Dutch )

Person

 * first person:
 * second person:
 * third person:
 * third person:
 * third person:

Tense

 * future tense:
 * *futūraz (Latin )
 * ("forward time", Icelandic )
 * past tense:
 * *praitiritą (Latin )
 * present tense:
 * *praisandz (Latin )
 * *praisandz (Latin )

Voice

 * active voice:
 * *āhtīwaz (Latin )
 * ("deed voice")
 * middle voice:
 * *midiją (Latin )
 * passive voice:
 * *passīwaz (Latin )
 * ("endurance voice", Icelandic )
 * ("endurance voice", Icelandic )

Phonology

 * ablaut:
 * approximant:
 * *appruhsimandz (Latin )
 * ("near sound")
 * consonant:
 * *kōnsunāns (Latin )
 * ("with sound", German )
 * diphthong:
 * *difþungaz (Ancient Greek )
 * ("two sound", German, Icelandic )
 * fricative:
 * *frikātīwaz (Latin  + )
 * ("rub sound", German, Dutch )
 * glide:
 * monophthong:
 * *munufþungaz (Ancient Greek
 * ("one sound", Icelandic )
 * phonology:
 * *fōnulugjō (Ancient Greek )
 * ("sound wisdom", Icelandic )
 * plosive:
 * *plausīwaz (Latin  + )
 * ("stop sound")
 * trill:
 * *trillaz (Italian )
 * ("roll sound")
 * triphthong:
 * *trifþungaz (Ancient Greek )
 * ("three sound", Icelandic )
 * umlaut:
 * vowel:
 * *wōkāliz (Latin )
 * ("self sound", German, Icelandic )
 * vowel:
 * *wōkāliz (Latin )
 * ("self sound", German, Icelandic )

Philosophy

 * argument:
 * *argūmentą (Latin )
 * *arkumundą (PIE )
 * belief:
 * ethics:
 * *ēþikō (Ancient Greek )
 * *swidigō (PIE )
 * existence:
 * *ehsistintijō (Latin )
 * *ihs(t)istandijō (PIE )
 * knowledge:
 * I think, therefore I am:
 * logic:
 * *lugikō (Ancient Greek )
 * *lakigō (PIE )
 * moral:
 * *mōrāliz (Latin )
 * paradox:
 * *paraduhsaz (Ancient Greek )
 * philosopher:
 * *filusufaz (Ancient Greek, male)
 * (female)
 * philosophy:
 * *filusufjō (Ancient Greek )
 * ("wisdom love", calque)
 * reason:
 * *ratjǭ (Latin )
 * *radjǭ (PIE )
 * science:
 * *skijantijō (Latin )
 * *skijandijō (PIE )
 * (German, Dutch , Swedish )
 * *radjǭ (PIE )
 * science:
 * *skijantijō (Latin )
 * *skijandijō (PIE )
 * (German, Dutch , Swedish )

Politics

 * anarchy:
 * *anarhijō (Ancient Greek )
 * (calque of above)
 * constitution:
 * *kōnstitūtijô (Latin )
 * *gastadeudijô (PIE )
 * democracy:
 * *dēmukratjō (Ancient Greek )
 * *dōmagurdjō (PIE )
 * (calque of above)
 * election:
 * *ēlēhtijǭ (Latin )
 * *ehslehdijô (PIE )
 * government:
 * *gubernōmentą (Latin  + )
 * (German )
 * left wing:
 * monarchy:
 * *monarhijō (Ancient Greek )
 * politics:
 * *pulītikō (Ancient Greek )
 * *falidigō (PIE )
 * politician:
 * (male)
 * (male)
 * (female)
 * president:
 * *praisidandz (male) (Latin )
 * *fraisetandz (PIE )
 * (female)
 * prime minister:
 * *prīmuz ministeraz (male, Latin  + )
 * (female)
 * referendum:
 * *refirindą (Latin )
 * republic:
 * *rēpūblikō (Latin )
 * ("people dominion", Icelandic )
 * right wing:
 * state:
 * *stataz (Latin )
 * theocracy:
 * *þeōkratjō (Ancient Greek )
 * (calque of above)
 * vote:
 * *wōtą (Latin )
 * *wahtą (PIE )
 * (Dutch, German )
 * (calque of above)
 * vote:
 * *wōtą (Latin )
 * *wahtą (PIE )
 * (Dutch, German )

Economics

 * bank:
 * central bank:
 * (Latin )
 * consumption:
 * *kōnsūmftijô (Latin )
 * *gasufsindijǭ (PIE )
 * currency:
 * *kurrēns (Latin )
 * *walutō (Italian )
 * distribution:
 * *distribūtijô (Latin )
 * *twistridadjǭ (PIE )
 * *twistribūdijǭ (PIE )
 * economics:
 * *ēkunumikō (Ancient Greek )
 * (PIE )
 * goods:
 * growth:
 * inflation:
 * *īnflātijô (Latin )
 * *enblēōdijǭ (PIE )
 * market:
 * *merkātuz (Latin )
 * production:
 * *prōduhtijô (Latin )
 * *frōtuhdijǭ (PIE )
 * services:
 * *serwitjō (Latin )
 * *serwadjō (PIE )
 * supply:
 * *supplētaz (Latin )
 * *sufflēdaz (PIE )
 * trade:
 * *supplētaz (Latin )
 * *sufflēdaz (PIE )
 * trade:

Foreign/modern food
By necessity, a lot of these are loanwords rather than constructed from native roots.

 * burrito:
 * ("bread donkey", Spanish )
 * chili pepper:
 * ("firebean", Icelandic )
 * *tili (Nahuatl )
 * curry:
 * ("Indian spice-meal")
 * *kari (Tamil )
 * chips/fries:
 * ("fat-boiled earth apples")
 * coffee:
 * *kahwą (Arabic )
 * döner kebab:
 * ("turn-meat", calque of Turkish )
 * lollipop:
 * ("sucker", calque of English )
 * maize:
 * *mahiz (Taíno )
 * pepper:
 * *piperaz (Latin )
 * pineapple:
 * *ananasaz (Portuguese )
 * (English, Afrikaans )
 * pizza:
 * ("Roman bread disc")
 * *pitją (Italian )
 * potato:
 * *patatō (Spanish )
 * ("earth apple", Dutch )
 * tea:
 * ("leaf drink")
 * *tēą (Min Nan )
 * *tajją (Cantonese )
 * tomato:
 * *tumatō (Classical Nahuatl )
 * *pumudurô (Italian )
 * ("gold apple", calque of Italian )
 * ("gold apple", calque of Italian )

Ground

 * army:
 * *armātō (Latin )
 * *armōdō (PIE )
 * soldier:
 * (Latin )
 * (PIE )
 * rifle:
 * (back-translation of German, Norwegian , etc.)
 * pistol:
 * *pīskēliz (Proto-Slavic )
 * ("hand-gun", cf. English )
 * tank:
 * (German, from Latin )
 * *tadagą (English, ultimately from Sanskrit )
 * ("armored-cannon-wagon", w/ borrowing from English )
 * *tadagą (English, ultimately from Sanskrit )
 * ("armored-cannon-wagon", w/ borrowing from English )

Sea

 * navy:
 * *nāwigjō (Latin )
 * *nōwakjō (PIE )
 * *marīnō (Latin, PIE )

Africa

 * Africa:
 * ("Southern half", Old Norse )
 * *Afrikō (Latin )
 * Cape Verde:
 * (Latin )
 * Egypt:
 * *Aigiftaz (Ancient Greek )
 * *Mesraz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Μεσρος)
 * Eritrea:
 * *Iritrajō (Latin )
 * Ethiopia:
 * *Aiþiupjō (Ancient Greek )
 * Ivory Coast:
 * *Kustō Eburjō (Latin  + Latin )
 * Liberia:
 * *Lībirjō (Latin  + Latin )
 * Libya:
 * *Libjō (Ancient Greek )
 * Mauritania:
 * *Maurītānijō (Latin )
 * Sierra Leone:
 * *Serrō Leōnō (Latin  + Latin )
 * Sudan:
 * *Sūdānōz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Σουδᾱνοι)

Asia

 * Asia:
 * ("Eastern half", Old Saxon, Old Norse )
 * *Asjō (Ancient Greek )
 * Bahrain:
 * *Barainaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Βαραινος)
 * Brunei:
 * *Brūnājō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Βρουνᾱιᾱ)
 * Burma:
 * *Mranmō (Sanskrit )
 * *Bamō (Sanskrit )
 * China:
 * *Sīnaz (Sanskrit )
 * *Kīnō (Icelandic )
 * Iraq:
 * *Erākaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ερᾱκος)
 * India:
 * *Indijō (Ancient Greek )
 * ("Indus land", Icelandic )
 * *Bārataz (Sanskrit )
 * Japan:
 * *Japô (Icelandic )
 * Jordan:
 * *Jurdanō (Ancient Greek )
 * *Urdunaz (Arabic )
 * Kuwait:
 * *Huwaitaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Χουαιτος)
 * Laos:
 * *Lāwaz (Sanskrit )
 * Lebanon:
 * *Lubnānaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Λοβνᾱνος)
 * Malaysia:
 * *Mālaisijō (Arabic )
 * Oman:
 * *Umānaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ομᾱνος)
 * Philippines:
 * *Filippīnōz (Ancient Greek )
 * Qatar:
 * *Kataraz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Καταρος)
 * Saudi Arabia:
 * *Suūdīyō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Σοουδῑᾱ)
 * Singapore:
 * *Sinhapuraz (Sanskrit )
 * Syria:
 * *Sirjō (Ancient Greek )
 * *Sūriyō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Σουρῑᾱ)
 * Thailand:
 * (Sanskrit )
 * United Arab Emirates:
 * *Imārātōz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Εμᾱρᾱται)
 * Yemen:
 * *Jamanaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ιαμανος)

America

 * America:
 * ("Western half", Old Norse )
 * *Amirikō (New Latin )
 * Canada:
 * *Kanadō (English )
 * ("New France")
 * United States
 * ("United Lands")

Oceania

 * Oceania:
 * ("Island half", Icelandic )
 * *Ōkijanjō (Ancient Greek )
 * Australia:
 * ("Southern land", calque of )
 * *Austrālijō (Latin )
 * Indonesia:
 * ("Indian islands", calque of )
 * *Indanīsijō (Ancient Greek  + Ancient Greek )
 * Micronesia:
 * *Mikranīsijō (Ancient Greek  + Ancient Greek )
 * New Caledonia:
 * (Latin )
 * New Zealand:
 * ("New Sealand")

Europe

 * Europe:
 * ("Northern half", Old Norse )
 * *Eurōpō (Ancient Greek )
 * *Wruōwō (PIE )
 * Albania:
 * *Albanjō (Ancient Greek )
 * Andorra:
 * *Andurrō
 * Armenia:
 * *Arminjō (Ancient Greek )
 * Austria:
 * ("Eastern kingdom", German )
 * Belarus:
 * *Bēlarōsiz (Proto-Slavic )
 * ("White Russia", calque)
 * Belgium:
 * ("Belgian land", Latin )
 * Bosnia and Herzegovina:
 * (Proto-Slavic )
 * Bulgaria:
 * *Bulgarjō (Latin )
 * Croatia:
 * *Harwātijō (Proto-Slavic )
 * Cyprus:
 * *Kipraz (Ancient Greek )
 * Czechia:
 * *Keluhijō (Proto-Slavic  + )
 * *Keluhǭ Rēpūblikō ("the Czech Republic", English )
 * (Icelandic )
 * Denmark:
 * (Old Norse )
 * Estonia:
 * *Istunjō (Latin )
 * Finland:
 * (Old Norse )
 * France:
 * ("Kingdom of the Franks", Old English, German )
 * ("Land of the Franks", Old English, Icelandic )
 * *Frankijō (Latin )
 * Germany:
 * ("Land of the people", back-translation of German )
 * *Germānijō (Latin )
 * *Alimānnijō (Latin )
 * *Nīmikōz (Proto-Slavic  + Proto-Slavic )
 * Great Britain:
 * ("Great Britland", Icelandic )
 * (Latin )
 * Greece:
 * *Graikijō (Latin )
 * *Hilladz (Ancient Greek )
 * Hungary:
 * *Hungārijō (Latin )
 * Iceland:
 * Ireland:
 * (Icelandic )
 * (Proto-Celtic )
 * Italy:
 * *Ītaljō (Latin )
 * Latvia:
 * *Latwijō (Latvian )
 * Liechtenstein:
 * Lithuania:
 * *Lītuwānijō (Proto-Slavic )
 * Luxembourg:
 * Macedonia:
 * *Makidunjō (Ancient Greek )
 * Malta:
 * *Militō (Latin )
 * Moldova:
 * (Proto-Slavic )
 * Monaco:
 * *Munuikaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Montenegro:
 * *Mōnts Nigraz (Latin  + )
 * *Kirnō Garō (Proto-Slavic  + )
 * ("black mountain country", Icelandic )
 * Netherlands:
 * (Dutch )
 * Norway:
 * Poland:
 * (Proto-Slavic )
 * Portugal:
 * *Purtuz Kallaz (Latin )
 * Romania:
 * *Rōmānijō (Latin )
 * Russia:
 * (Old Russian, German )
 * San Marino:
 * *Sanhtaz Marīnaz (Latin  + Latin )
 * Serbia:
 * *Sirbijō (Proto-Slavic )
 * Slovakia:
 * *Slawākijō (Proto-Slavic  + )
 * Slovenia:
 * *Slawēnijō (Proto-Slavic )
 * Spain:
 * *Hispānijō (Latin )
 * Sweden:
 * (Old Norse )
 * Switzerland:
 * *Hilwītijō (Latin )
 * (German )
 * Turkey:
 * *Turkijō (Latin )
 * (Icelandic )
 * Ukraine:
 * *Ōkrājīnō (Proto-Slavic  +  + )
 * United Kingdom
 * ("United Kingdom")
 * (Latin )
 * Vatican City:
 * *Wātikānō Kīwitāts (Latin )
 * ("United Kingdom")
 * (Latin )
 * Vatican City:
 * *Wātikānō Kīwitāts (Latin )

India

 * Andhra Pradesh:
 * *Āndraz Pradēsaz ( via Ancient Greek *Ᾱνδρος Πραδησος)
 * Arunachal Pradesh:
 * *Arunāsalaz Pradēsaz ( via Ancient Greek *Αρονᾱσαλος Πραδησος)
 * Assam:
 * *Asamaz ( via Ancient Greek *Ασαμος)
 * Bihar:
 * *Bihāraz ( via Ancient Greek *Βιᾱρος)
 * Chhattisgarh:
 * *Sattīsagaraz ( via Ancient Greek *Σαττεισαγαρος)
 * Goa:
 * *Gōwō ( via Ancient Greek *Γωᾱ)
 * Gujarat:
 * *Guzarātaz ( via Ancient Greek *Γοζαρᾱτος)
 * Haryana:
 * *Harijānō ( via Ancient Greek *Ἁριᾱνᾱς)
 * Himachal Pradesh:
 * *Himāsalaz Pradēsaz ( via Ancient Greek *Ἱμᾱσαλος Πραδησος)
 * Jharkhand:
 * *Zārahandaz ( via Ancient Greek *Ζᾱραχανδος)
 * Karnataka:
 * *Karnātakaz ( via Ancient Greek *Καρνᾱτακος)
 * Kerala:
 * *Kēralaz ( via Ancient Greek *Κηραλος)
 * Ladakh:
 * *Laddāhaz ( via Ancient Greek *Λαδδᾱχος)
 * Madhya Pradesh:
 * *Madjaz Pradēsaz ( via Ancient Greek *Μαδιος Πραδησος)
 * Maharashtra:
 * *Mahārāstraz ( via Ancient Greek *Μαᾱρᾱστρος)
 * Manipur:
 * *Manipuraz ( via Ancient Greek *Μανιπορος)
 * Meghalaya:
 * *Mēgālajaz ( via Ancient Greek *Μηγᾱλαιος)
 * Mizoram:
 * *Mizōramaz ( via Ancient Greek *Μιζωραμος)
 * Nagaland:
 * *Nāgālaindaz ( via Ancient Greek *Νᾱγᾱλαινδος)
 * Odisha:
 * *Ōdisaz ( via Ancient Greek *Ωδισος)
 * Punjab:
 * *Panzābaz ( via Ancient Greek *Πανζᾱβος)
 * Rajasthan:
 * *Rāzasþānaz ( via Ancient Greek *Ρᾱζασθᾱνος)
 * Sikkim:
 * *Sikkimaz ( via Ancient Greek *Σικκιμος)
 * Tamil Nadu:
 * *Tamilaz Nāduz ( via Ancient Greek *Ταμιλος Νᾱδυς)
 * Telangana:
 * *Tēlangānāz ( via Ancient Greek *Τηλαγγᾱνᾱ)
 * Tripura:
 * *Tripurō ( via Ancient Greek *Τριπορᾱ)
 * Uttar Pradesh:
 * *Uttaraz Pradēsaz ( via Ancient Greek *Οτταρος Πραδησος)
 * Uttarakhand:
 * *Uttarāhandaz ( via Ancient Greek *Οτταρᾱχανδος)
 * West Bengal:
 * *Passimas Bangālaz ( via Ancient Greek *Πασσιμος Βαγγᾱλος)
 * Bangālaz

Oman

 * Ad Dakhiliyah:
 * *Addāhilījō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Αδδᾱχελεια)
 * Ad Dhahirah:
 * *Azāerō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Αζᾱερᾱ)
 * Al Batinah:
 * *Albātinō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Αλβᾱτενᾱ)
 * Al Wusta:
 * *Alwustāz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Αλουοστας)
 * Ash Sharqiyah:
 * *Assarhījō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ασσαρχεια)
 * Dhofar:
 * *Zufāraz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ζοφᾱρος)
 * Musandam:
 * *Musandamaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Μοσανδαμος)

Pakistan

 * Balochistan:
 * *Balūsistānaz ( via Ancient Greek *Βαλουσιστᾱνος)
 * Khyber Pakhtunkhwa:
 * *Haibaraz Pahtūnahwō ( via Ancient Greek *Χαιβαρος Πακτουναχουᾱ)
 * Punjab:
 * *Panzābaz ( via Ancient Greek *Πανζᾱβος)
 * Sindh:
 * *Sindaz ( via Ancient Greek *Σινδος)

Saudi Arabia

 * Asir:
 * *Asīraz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ασῑρος)
 * Hejaz:
 * *Igāzaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ἑγᾱζος)
 * Najd:
 * *Nagdaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ναγδος)

Yemen

 * Hadramaut:
 * *Adramauþaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Αδραμαυθος)
 * Socotra:
 * *Sukutrāz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Σοκοτρᾱς)

Germany

 * Bavaria:
 * Saxony:
 * Saxony:

The Netherlands

 * Drenthe:
 * Friesland:
 * (Latin )
 * Limburg:
 * North Holland:
 * Overijssel:
 * South Holland:
 * Twente:
 * Zeeland:
 * South Holland:
 * Twente:
 * Zeeland:
 * Twente:
 * Zeeland:
 * Zeeland:

Portugal

 * Algarve:
 * *Algarbaz (Arabic )
 * Azores:
 * *Akkipitrīz (Latin )
 * Madeira:
 * *Māterjō (Latin )

Spain

 * Canary Islands:
 * (Latin )
 * Catalonia:
 * *Katalunjō (Catalan )
 * Extremadura:
 * *Ehstrēmadūrjuz (Latin  + )
 * Galicia:
 * *Gallaikjō (Latin )

Switzerland

 * Aargau:
 * Appenzell:
 * *Abbātizkillō (Latin, )
 * Ticino:
 * *Tīkīnaz (Latin )
 * Valais:
 * *Walliz (Latin )
 * Vaud:
 * Vaud:

United Kingdom

 * England:
 * Northern Ireland:
 * Scotland:
 * (Latin )
 * *Kalīdunjō (Latin )
 * Wales:
 * (Old English )
 * Wales:
 * (Old English )

Canada

 * New Brunswick:
 * Newfoundland and Labrador:
 * (Latin )
 * (Old Norse, )
 * Nova Scotia:
 * *Nuwō Skōtjō (Latin )
 * ("New Scotland")
 * Ontario:
 * *Untarjō
 * Prince Edward Island:
 * ("Prince Edward's island", Latin )
 * ("Prince Edward's island", Latin )

Australia

 * Australian Capital Territory:
 * (Latin )
 * New South Wales:
 * Northern Territory:
 * (Latin )
 * Queensland:
 * South Australia:
 * Tasmania:
 * *Tasmanjō (Dutch )
 * Victoria:
 * *Wihtōrijō (Latin )
 * Western Australia:
 * Victoria:
 * *Wihtōrijō (Latin )
 * Western Australia:

Algeria

 * Algiers:
 * *Algāsirôz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Αλγᾱζεραι)
 * Constantine:
 * *Kōnstantīnō (Latin )
 * Oran:
 * *Warānaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ουαρᾱνος)

Egypt

 * Alexandria:
 * *Alihsandrījō (Ancient Greek )
 * Aswan:
 * *Sijīnō (Ancient Greek )
 * Cairo:
 * *Kājirō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Κᾱερᾱ)
 * Giza:
 * *Gīsō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Γῑζᾱ)
 * Mansoura:
 * *Mansūrō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Μανσουρᾱ)
 * Port Said:
 * *Purtuz Sajīdaz (Latin  + Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Σαῑδος)
 * Suez:
 * *Suwaisaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Σουαισος)

Libya

 * Benghazi:
 * *Bangāsī (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Βανγᾱζῑ)
 * Sirte:
 * *Sirtiz (Ancient Greek )
 * Tobruk:
 * *Antipirgaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Tripoli:
 * *Tripuliz (Ancient Greek )

Mauritania

 * Nouakchott:
 * *Nuwāhsūtaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Νουᾱξουτος)

Morocco

 * Casablanca:
 * (Latin )
 * Fez:
 * *Fāsaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Φᾱσος)
 * Marrakesh:
 * *Murrahusaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Μορραχοσος)
 * Meknes:
 * *Mihnāsaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Μεχνᾱσος)
 * Rabat:
 * *Rebātaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ρεβᾱτος)
 * Tangier:
 * Tingiz (Ancient Greek )

Somalia

 * Mogadishu:
 * *Makadīsūz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Μακαδῑσους)

Sudan

 * Khartoum:
 * *Hartūmaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Χαρτουμος)
 * Omdurman:
 * *Umbdurmānaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ομβδορμᾱνος)

Tunisia

 * Sfax:
 * *Sifākisaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Σιφᾱκεσος)
 * Sousse:
 * *Sūsō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Σουσᾱ)
 * Tunis:
 * *Þūnisaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Θουνεσος)

Afghanistan

 * Ghazni:
 * *Gaznīz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Γαζνῑς)
 * Herat:
 * *Erāþaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ερᾱθος)
 * Jalalabad:
 * *Galālābādaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Γαλᾱλᾱβᾱδος)
 * Kabul:
 * *Hābulaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Χᾱβολος)
 * Kandahar:
 * *Kandaāraz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Κανδαᾱρος)
 * Khost:
 * *Hausþaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Χαυσθος)
 * Kunduz:
 * *Kundūzaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Κονδουζος)
 * Mazar-i-Sharif:
 * *Mazārisarīfaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Μαζᾱρεσαρῑφος)
 * Puli Khumri:
 * *Fulikumbrīz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Φολεχομβρῑς)
 * Taloqan:
 * *Tālukānaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Τᾱλοκᾱνος)

Bahrain

 * Manama:
 * *Manāmō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Μανᾱμᾱ)

Bangladesh

 * Barisal:
 * *Barisālaz ( via Ancient Greek *Βαρισᾱλος)
 * Chittagong:
 * *Sattagrāmaz ( via Ancient Greek *Σατταγρᾱμος)
 * Dhaka:
 * *Dākō ( via Ancient Greek *Δᾱκᾱ)
 * Khulna:
 * *Hulanō ( via Ancient Greek *Χολανᾱ)
 * Mymensingh:
 * *Majamanasin(h)az ( via Ancient Greek *Μαιαμανασιγγος)
 * Rajshahi:
 * *Rāzasāhīz ( via Ancient Greek *Ρᾱζασᾱεις)
 * Rangpur:
 * *Rampuraz ( via Ancient Greek *Ραμπορος)
 * Sylhet:
 * *Silētaz ( via Ancient Greek *Σιλητος)

India

 * Agartala:
 * *Agaratalō ( via Ancient Greek *Αγαραταλᾱ)
 * Ahmedabad:
 * *Amadāwādaz ( via Ancient Greek *Αμαδᾱουᾱδος)
 * Aizawl:
 * *Aizōlaz ( via Ancient Greek *Αιζωλος)
 * Amaravati:
 * *Amarāwatīz ( via Ancient Greek *Αμαρᾱουατεις)
 * Bengaluru:
 * *Bangalauraz ( via Ancient Greek *Βαγγαλαυρος)
 * Bhopal:
 * *Bōpālaz ( via Ancient Greek *Βωπᾱλος)
 * Bhubaneswar:
 * *Buwanēswaraz ( via Ancient Greek *Βουανησουαρος)
 * Chandigarh:
 * *Sandīgar(h)az ( via Ancient Greek *Σανδειγαρος)
 * Chennai:
 * *Sēnnaīz ( via Ancient Greek *Σηνναεις)
 * Daman:
 * *Damanaz ( via Ancient Greek *Δαμανος)
 * Dehradun:
 * *Dēharādūnaz ( via Ancient Greek *Δηαρᾱδουνος)
 * Delhi:
 * *Dillīz ( via Ancient Greek *Διλλεις)
 * Dharamshala:
 * *Darmasālō ( via Ancient Greek *Δαρμασᾱλᾱ)
 * Dimapur:
 * *Dīmāpuraz ( via Ancient Greek *Δειμᾱπορος)
 * Dispur:
 * *Disapuraz ( via Ancient Greek *Δεσαπορος)
 * Faridabad:
 * *Farīdābādaz ( via Ancient Greek *Φαρειδᾱβᾱδος)
 * Gairsain:
 * *Gairasainnaz ( via Ancient Greek *Γαιρασαιννος)
 * Gandhinagar:
 * *Gāndīnagaraz ( via Ancient Greek *Γᾱνδειναγαρος)
 * Gangtok:
 * *Gāntōkaz ( via Ancient Greek *Γᾱντωκος)
 * Guwahati:
 * *Guwāhātīz ( via Ancient Greek *Γουᾱᾱτεις)
 * Hyderabad:
 * *Haidarābādaz ( via Ancient Greek *Ἁιδαρᾱβᾱδος)
 * Imphal:
 * *Imfālaz ( via Ancient Greek *Εμφᾱλος)
 * Indore:
 * *Indauraz ( via Ancient Greek *Ενδαυρος)
 * Itanagar:
 * *Ītānagaraz ( via Ancient Greek *Ειτᾱναγαρος)
 * Jaipur:
 * *Zajapuraz ( via Ancient Greek *Ζαιαπορος)
 * Jammu:
 * *Zammūz ( via Ancient Greek *Ζαμμους)
 * Jamshedpur:
 * *Zamasēdapuraz ( via Ancient Greek *Ζαμασηδαπορος)
 * Kanpur:
 * *Kānapuraz ( via Ancient Greek *Κᾱναπορος)
 * Kargil:
 * *Kāragilaz ( via Ancient Greek *Κᾱραγιλος)
 * Kavaratti:
 * *Kawarattīz ( via Ancient Greek *Καουαραττεις)
 * Kochi:
 * *Kōssīz ( via Ancient Greek *Κωσσεις)
 * Kolkata:
 * *Kalakātō ( via Ancient Greek *Καλακᾱτᾱ)
 * Kohima:
 * *Kōhimō ( via Ancient Greek *Κωιμᾱ)
 * Leh:
 * *Glēz ( via Ancient Greek *Γλης)
 * *Lēaz ( via Ancient Greek *Ληος)
 * Lucknow:
 * *Lahanaūz ( via Ancient Greek *Λαχαναους)
 * Ludhiana:
 * *Ludijānō ( via Ancient Greek *Λοδειᾱνᾱ)
 * Mumbai:
 * *Mumbaīz ( via Ancient Greek *Μομβαεις)
 * Nagpur:
 * *Nāgapuraz ( via Ancient Greek *Νᾱγαπορος)
 * Panaji:
 * *Panazīz ( via Ancient Greek *Παναζεις)
 * Patna:
 * *Patanō ( via Ancient Greek *Πατανᾱ)
 * Pondicherry:
 * *Pudusērīz ( via Ancient Greek *Ποδοσηρεις)
 * Raipur:
 * *Rājapuraz ( via Ancient Greek *Ρᾱιαπορος)
 * Ranchi:
 * *Rānsīz ( via Ancient Greek *Ρᾱνσεις)
 * Shillong:
 * *Silāngaz ( via Ancient Greek *Σιλᾱγγος)
 * Shimla:
 * *Simalō ( via Ancient Greek *Σιμαλᾱ)
 * Srinagar:
 * *Srīnagaraz ( via Ancient Greek *Σρειναγαρος)
 * Thiruvananthapuram:
 * *Tiruwanantapuramaz ( via Ancient Greek *Τερουανανταποραμος)
 * Visakhapatnam:
 * *Wisākapatnamaz ( via Ancient Greek *Ουεσᾱχαπατναμος)

Iran

 * Ahvaz:
 * *Awāsaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Αυᾱζος)
 * Esfahan:
 * *Isfānaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Εσφαᾱνας)
 * Karaj:
 * *Haragaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Χαραγος)
 * Mashhad:
 * *Masadaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Μασαδος)
 * Qom:
 * *Kumaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Κομος)
 * Shiraz:
 * *Sīrāsaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Σῑρᾱζος)
 * Tabriz:
 * *Þabrīsaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Θαβρῑζος)
 * Tehran:
 * *Terānaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Τερᾱνος)

Iraq

 * Baghdad:
 * *Bagdādaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Βαγδᾱδος)
 * Basra:
 * *Basrō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Βασρᾱ)
 * Erbil:
 * *Arbīlō (Ancient Greek )
 * Mosul:
 * *Mausilaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Μαυσελος)

Jordan

 * Amman:
 * *Ammānaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Αμμᾱνος)
 * Aqaba:
 * *Akabō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ακαβᾱ)

Kyrgyzstan

 * Bishkek:
 * *Bīshihaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Βῑσχεχος)
 * Osh:
 * *Ōsaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ωσος)

Lebanon

 * Beirut:
 * *Bairūþaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Βαιρουθος)
 * Sidon:
 * *Sīdǭ (Ancient Greek )
 * Tripoli:
 * *Tripuliz (Ancient Greek )
 * Tyre:
 * *Tiraz (Ancient Greek )

Myanmar

 * Bago:
 * *Paihūz (z-stem) ( via Ancient Greek *Παιχους (s-stem))
 * Dawei:
 * *Þāswaiz ( via Ancient Greek *Θᾱσουαις)
 * Hakha:
 * *Hāshāz (z-stem) ( via Ancient Greek *Ᾱσχᾱς (s-stem))
 * Loikaw:
 * *Luinkauz ( via Ancient Greek *Λουεγκαυς)
 * Magwe:
 * *Makwēz (z-stem) ( via Ancient Greek *Μακουης (s-stem))
 * Mandalay:
 * *Mantalēz (z-stem) ( via Ancient Greek *Μανταλης (s-stem))
 * Mawlamyine:
 * *Maulamrijų (n-stem) ( via Ancient Greek *Μαυλαμριος (n-stem))
 * Monywa:
 * *Munruwō ( via Ancient Greek *Μονρουᾱ)
 * Myitkyina:
 * *Mrakkīsnāz (z-stem) ( via Ancient Greek *Μρακκεισνᾱς (s-stem))
 * Naypyidaw:
 * *Nēprantauz ( via Ancient Greek *Νηπρανταυς)
 * Pa-an:
 * *Bāsô (an-stem) ( via Ancient Greek *Βᾱσαν)
 * Pathein:
 * *Pusimz ( via Ancient Greek *Ποσεμ)
 * Sittwe:
 * *Sahtwēz ( via Ancient Greek *Σακτουης)
 * Taunggyi:
 * *Tōnkrīz (z-stem) ( via Ancient Greek *Τωγκρεις (s-stem))
 * Yangon:
 * *Rankų (n-stem) ( via Ancient Greek *Ρανκως (n-stem))

Nepal

 * Biratnagar:
 * *Wirātanagaraz ( via Ancient Greek *Ουερᾱταναγαρος)
 * Birendranagar:
 * *Wīrēndranagaraz ( via Ancient Greek *Ουειρηνδραναγαρος)
 * Deukhuri:
 * *Dēuhurīz ( via Ancient Greek *Δηοχορεις)
 * Godawari:
 * *Gōdāwarīz ( via Ancient Greek *Γωδᾱουαρεις)
 * Hetauda:
 * *Hētaudō ( via Ancient Greek *Ἡταυδᾱ)
 * Janakpur:
 * *Zanakapuraz ( via Ancient Greek *Ζανακαπορος)
 * Kathmandu:
 * *Kāþamādaų (n-stem) ( via Ancient Greek *Κᾱθαμᾱδαυς (n-stem))
 * Pokhara:
 * *Pōharō ( via Ancient Greek *Πωχαρᾱ)

Oman

 * Muscat:
 * *Maskataz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Μασκατος)
 * Salalah:
 * *Salālō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Σαλᾱλᾱ)

Palestine

 * Bethlehem:
 * *Bīþlijimō (Ancient Greek )
 * Gaza:
 * *Gasō (Ancient Greek )
 * Hebron:
 * *Hebrǭ (Ancient Greek )
 * Jericho:
 * *Jirīhō (Ancient Greek )
 * Nablus:
 * *Nijapuliz (Ancient Greek )
 * *Sihimiz (Ancient Greek )
 * Ramallah:
 * *Rāmallāaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ρᾱμαλλᾱος)

Pakistan

 * Faisalabad:
 * *Faisalābādaz ( via Ancient Greek *Φαισαλᾱβᾱδος)
 * Gilgit:
 * *Gilagitaz ( via Ancient Greek *Γελαγετος)
 * Gujranwala:
 * *Guzarānwālō ( via Ancient Greek *Γοζαρᾱνουᾱλᾱ)
 * Hyderabad:
 * *Haidarābādaz ( via Ancient Greek *Αιδαρᾱβᾱδος)
 * Islamabad:
 * *Islāmābādaz ( via Ancient Greek *Εσλᾱμᾱβᾱδος)
 * Karachi:
 * *Karāsīz ( via Ancient Greek *Καρᾱσεις)
 * Lahore:
 * *Lāhauraz ( via Ancient Greek *Λᾱαυρος)
 * Multan:
 * *Multānaz ( via Ancient Greek *Μολτᾱνος)
 * Muzaffarabad:
 * *Muzaffarābādaz ( via Ancient Greek *Μοζαπφαρᾱβᾱδος)
 * Peshawar:
 * *Pēsāwaraz ( via Ancient Greek *Πησᾱουαρος)
 * Quetta:
 * *Kwētō ( via Ancient Greek *Κουητᾱ)
 * Rawalpindi:
 * *Rāwalapindīz ( via Ancient Greek *Ρᾱουαλαπενδῑς)

Qatar

 * Doha:
 * *Dawō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Δαυᾱ)

Saudi Arabia

 * Dammam:
 * *Dammāmaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Δαμμᾱμος)
 * Jeddah:
 * *Geddō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Γεδδᾱ)
 * Mecca:
 * *Mahhō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Μαχχᾱ)
 * Medina:
 * *Madīnō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Μαδῑνᾱ)
 * Riyadh:
 * *Rijāsaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ρειᾱσος)

Sri Lanka

 * Anuradhapura:
 * *Anurādapurajaz ( via Ancient Greek *Ανορᾱδαποραιος)
 * Badulla:
 * *Patulaiz ( via Ancient Greek *Πατολαις)
 * *Badullaz ( via Ancient Greek *Βαδολλος)
 * Colombo:
 * *Kulumbuz ( via Ancient Greek *Κολομβυς)
 * *Kulambaz ( via Ancient Greek *Κολαμβος)
 * Galle:
 * *Kāliz ( via Ancient Greek *Κᾱλις)
 * *Gāllaz ( via Ancient Greek *Γᾱλλος)
 * Jaffna:
 * *Jālpānamz (m-stem) ( via Ancient Greek *Ιᾱλπᾱναμ)
 * *Jāpanajaz ( via Ancient Greek *Ιᾱπαναιος)
 * Kandy:
 * *Kandiz ( via Ancient Greek *Καντις)
 * *Mahanuwaraz ( via Ancient Greek *Μαανουαρος)
 * Kurunegala:
 * *Kurunākalz (l-stem) ( via Ancient Greek *Κορονᾱκαλ)
 * *Kurunēgalaz ( via Ancient Greek *Κορονηγαλος)
 * Ratnapura:
 * *Ratnapuraz ( via Ancient Greek *Ρατναπορος)
 * Trincomalee:
 * *Tirukōnamalaiz ( via Ancient Greek *Τιροκωναμαλαις)
 * *Trikunāmalajaz ( via Ancient Greek *Τρικονᾱμαλαιος)

Syria

 * Aleppo:
 * *Alabaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Αλαβος)
 * *Berujō (Ancient Greek )
 * Damascus:
 * *Damaskaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Deir ez-Zor:
 * *Dairasūraz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Δαιραζουρος)
 * Hama:
 * *Īmaþaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Homs:
 * *Imisō (Ancient Greek )
 * Latakia:
 * *Laudikījō (Ancient Greek )
 * Raqqa:
 * *Rakkō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ρακκᾱ)

Tajikistan

 * Dushanbe:
 * *Dūsanbiaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Δουσανβεος)
 * Khujand:
 * *Hugandō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Χογανδᾱ)

Turkey

 * Istanbul:
 * *Ēstēnpuliz (Byzantine Greek
 * *Kunstantinupuliz (Ancient Greek )
 * (Old Norse )
 * ("emperor city", calque of Ancient Greek expression )

United Arab Emirates

 * Abu Dhabi:
 * *Abūzabī (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Αβουζαβῑ)
 * Ajman:
 * *Agmānaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Αγμᾱνος)
 * Al Ain:
 * *Alainaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Αλαινος)
 * Dubai:
 * *Dubajaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Δοβαιος)
 * Fujairah:
 * *Fugairō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Φογαιρᾱ)
 * Ras Al Khaimah:
 * *Rāsalhaimō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ρᾱσαλχαιμᾱ)
 * Sharjah:
 * *Sārikō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Σᾱρεκᾱ)
 * Umm Al Quwayn:
 * *Ummalkuwainaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ομμαλκουαινος)

Yemen

 * Aden:
 * *Adinaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Αδενος)
 * Al Hudaydah:
 * *Aludaidō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Αλοδαιδᾱ)
 * Sana'a:
 * *Sanāaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Σανᾱος)
 * Taiz:
 * *Þaisaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Θαεζος)

Austria

 * Eisenstadt:
 * Feldkirch:
 * Graz:
 * *Gardikaz (Proto-Slavic  + Proto-Slavic )
 * Innsbruck:
 * (Proto-Celtic )
 * Klagenfurt:
 * Linz:
 * *Lintijō (Latin )
 * Salzburg:
 * St. Pölten:
 * *Sanhtaz (Hip)pulitaz (Latin  + Latin )
 * Salzburg:
 * St. Pölten:
 * *Sanhtaz (Hip)pulitaz (Latin  + Latin )
 * *Sanhtaz (Hip)pulitaz (Latin  + Latin )

Belarus

 * Brest-Litovsk:
 * *Berstaz (Proto-Slavic )
 * Grodno:
 * *Gardiną (Proto-Slavic  + Proto-Slavic )
 * Minsk:
 * *Mīniskaz (Proto-Slavic )

Belgium

 * Antwerp:
 * Bruges:
 * Brussels:
 * Charleroi:
 * (Latin )
 * Ghent:
 * Liège:
 * Namur:
 * *Namūrką (Latin )
 * Tournai:
 * *Turnaką (Latin )
 * Namur:
 * *Namūrką (Latin )
 * Tournai:
 * *Turnaką (Latin )
 * *Turnaką (Latin )

Denmark

 * Copenhagen:
 * Odense:
 * Odense:

France

 * Agen:
 * *Aginną (Latin )
 * Aire:
 * *Aturō (Latin )
 * Ajaccio:
 * *Adjakją (Latin )
 * Amiens:
 * *Ambijanaz (Latin )
 * Angers:
 * *Andikawaz (Latin )
 * Avignon:
 * *Awinjǭ (Latin )
 * Bayonne:
 * *Bajunō (Latin )
 * Beauvais:
 * *Belluwakumą (Latin )
 * Belfort:
 * *Bellafortiz (Latin  + Latin )
 * Besançon:
 * *Wesuntijô (Latin )
 * *Bisuntijô (Latin )
 * Bordeaux:
 * *Burdigalō (Latin )
 * Colmar:
 * *Kulumbōriją (Latin )
 * Dax:
 * *Dakwō (Latin  + Latin )
 * Dijon:
 * *Diwjǭ (Latin )
 * Épinal:
 * *Spinalją (Latin )
 * La Rochelle:
 * *Rupillō (Latin )
 * Lescar:
 * *Laskurriz (Latin )
 * Lyon:
 * *Lugdūną (Latin )
 * Marseille:
 * *Massiljō (Latin )
 * Melun:
 * *Milidūną (Latin )
 * Metz:
 * *Midjōmatrikaz (Latin )
 * *Mettiz (Latin )
 * Montbéliard:
 * *Muntbillijardō (Latin )
 * Nancy:
 * *Nankijaką (Latin )
 * Nice:
 * *Nikajō (Latin )
 * Orleans:
 * *Auriljaną (Latin )
 * Paris:
 * *Lutitjō (Latin )
 * *Parīsijaz (Latin )
 * Périgueux:
 * *Petrukurją (Latin )
 * Poitiers:
 * *Pihtawō (Latin )
 * Rouen:
 * *Rutumagaz (Latin )
 * Saint-Claude:
 * *Sanhtaz Klaudijaz (Latin  + Latin )
 * Saint-Dié:
 * *Sanhtaz Dijadataz (Latin  + Latin )
 * Saint-Étienne:
 * *Sanhtaz Stefanaz (Latin  + Ancient Greek )
 * Strasbourg:
 * Toul:
 * *Tullą (Latin )
 * Toulouse:
 * *Tulusō (Latin )
 * Troyes:
 * *Trikassiją (Latin )
 * Verdun:
 * *Weradūną (Latin )
 * *Weradūną (Latin )

Germany

 * Aachen:
 * Augsburg:
 * (Latin )
 * Berlin:
 * *Berlīnaz (Old Polabian *berl-/birl- ("swamp") + Proto-Slavic )
 * Bochum:
 * Bonn:
 * *Bunnō (Latin )
 * Chemnitz:
 * *Kāmanīkō (Proto-Slavic  + Proto-Slavic )
 * Cologne:
 * *Kulunjō (Latin )
 * Dortmund:
 * Düsseldorf:
 * Essen:
 * Frankfurt:
 * Leipzig:
 * *Līpiskaz (Proto-Slavic  + Proto-Slavic )
 * Mainz:
 * *Muguntijaką (Latin )
 * Munich:
 * *Munikaz (Vulgar Latin )
 * *Munahaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Münster:
 * *Munastīriją (Ancient Greek )
 * Stuttgart:
 * Trier:
 * *Trīwiraz (Latin )
 * *Munahaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Münster:
 * *Munastīriją (Ancient Greek )
 * Stuttgart:
 * Trier:
 * *Trīwiraz (Latin )
 * *Trīwiraz (Latin )

Greece

 * Athens:
 * *Aþīnō (Ancient Greek )
 * Corfu:
 * *Kurkīrō (Ancient Greek )
 * Corinth:
 * *Kurinþaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Heraklion:
 * *Īraklīją (Ancient Greek )
 * Larissa:
 * *Larīsō (Ancient Greek )
 * Patras:
 * *Patrôz (Ancient Greek )
 * Sparta:
 * *Spartō (Ancient Greek )
 * Thessaloniki:
 * *Þessalunīkō (Ancient Greek )

Iceland

 * Reykjavik:

Ireland

 * Dublin:
 * *Dubulinduz ( + )
 * Waterford:
 * Wexford:
 * Wicklow:
 * Wicklow:
 * Wicklow:

Italy

 * Aosta:
 * *Augustō (Latin )
 * Bari:
 * *Barją (Latin )
 * Bologna:
 * *Bunōnijō (Latin )
 * Catanzaro:
 * *Katanþiraz (Ancient Greek )
 * Florence:
 * *Flōrintijō (Latin )
 * Genoa:
 * *Gen(u)wō (Latin )
 * Milan:
 * *Midjōlōną (Latin )
 * Naples:
 * *Neāpuliz (Latin )
 * Palermo:
 * *Panurmaz (Latin )
 * Perugia:
 * *Perūsijō (Latin )
 * Potenza:
 * *Putintijō (Latin )
 * Rome:
 * (Latin )
 * Trento:
 * *Tridintą (Latin )
 * Triest:
 * *Tirgistą (Latin )
 * Turin:
 * *Taurīnaz (Latin )
 * Venice:
 * *Winitjō (Latin )
 * Verona:
 * *Wīrōnō (Latin )

The Netherlands

 * Alkmaar:
 * Almelo:
 * Almere:
 * Amersfoort:
 * Amsterdam:
 * Apeldoorn:
 * Arnhem:
 * Breda:
 * Deventer:
 * *Dabantrō (Proto-Celtic )
 * Dordrecht:
 * Eindhoven:
 * Enschede:
 * Gouda:
 * Groningen:
 * Haarlem:
 * Heerhugowaard:
 * Heerlen:
 * (Latin )
 * Hilversum:
 * Hoofddorp:
 * IJmuiden:
 * Leiden:
 * Maastricht:
 * (Latin )
 * Nijmegen:
 * *Nawjamagaz (Latin )
 * Roosendaal:
 * (Latin )
 * 's-Hertogenbosch:
 * The Hague:
 * Utrecht:
 * (Latin )
 * Venlo:
 * Zoetermeer:
 * Hoofddorp:
 * IJmuiden:
 * Leiden:
 * Maastricht:
 * (Latin )
 * Nijmegen:
 * *Nawjamagaz (Latin )
 * Roosendaal:
 * (Latin )
 * 's-Hertogenbosch:
 * The Hague:
 * Utrecht:
 * (Latin )
 * Venlo:
 * Zoetermeer:
 * The Hague:
 * Utrecht:
 * (Latin )
 * Venlo:
 * Zoetermeer:
 * (Latin )
 * Venlo:
 * Zoetermeer:
 * Zoetermeer:
 * Zoetermeer:

Poland

 * Bydgoszcz:
 * *Budagastijaz (Proto-Slavic  + Proto-Slavic )
 * Gdansk:
 * *Gudāniskaz (Proto-Slavic )
 * Katowice:
 * *Kātawīkō (*Kat + Proto-Slavic  + Proto-Slavic )
 * *Kantawīkō (Proto-Slavic )
 * Lodz:
 * *Aldī (Proto-Slavic )
 * Lublin:
 * *Leubalīnaz (Proto-Slavic  + Proto-Slavic )
 * Szczecin:
 * *Skītīnaz (Proto-Slavic  + Proto-Slavic )
 * Terespol:
 * *Tirisōpuliz (Teresa + Ancient Greek )

Portugal

 * Bragança:
 * *Brigantjō (Latin )
 * Coimbra:
 * *Kunimbrīgō (Latin )
 * Évora:
 * *Eburō (Latin )
 * Porto:
 * *Purtuz (Latin )
 * Lisbon:
 * *Ulisīpō (Latin )

Russia

 * Krasnodar:
 * *Krāsinadāraz (Proto-Slavic  + Proto-Slavic )
 * Moscow:
 * *Maskūz (Proto-Slavic )
 * Novgorod:
 * *Nawagardaz (Proto-Slavic  + Proto-Slavic )
 * Rostov:
 * *Arstawaz (Proto-Slavic  + Proto-Slavic )
 * Smolensk:
 * *Sumaliniskaz (Proto-Slavic )
 * Stavropol:
 * *Staurapuliz (Ancient Greek  + Ancient Greek )
 * St. Petersburg:
 * (Latin + Latin )
 * *Petragardaz (Latin  + Proto-Slavic )
 * *Linīnagardaz (Ancient Greek  + Proto-Slavic  + Proto-Slavic )
 * Tver:
 * *Tihwairiz (Proto-Slavic )
 * Volgograd:
 * *Wilgōgardaz (Proto-Slavic  + Proto-Slavic )
 * (Proto-Slavic + Proto-Slavic )
 * Yaroslavl:
 * *Jāraslāwōz (Proto-Slavic  + Proto-Slavic )

Spain

 * Barcelona:
 * *Barkinōnō (Latin )
 * Bilbao:
 * *Flāwijabrīgō (Latin )
 * Burgos:
 * Ciudad Real:
 * *Kīwitāts Rēgāliz  (Latin  + Latin )
 * Huesca:
 * *Uskō (Latin )
 * León:
 * *Ligjǭ (Latin )
 * Málaga:
 * *Malakō (Latin )
 * Osma:
 * *Uhsumō (Latin )
 * Palencia:
 * *Palintijō (Latin )
 * Pontevedra:
 * *Puntiwitirō (Vulgar Latin )
 * Sant Feliu de Llobregat:
 * *Sanhtaz Fīliks Rubrikātas (Latin  + Latin  + Latin )
 * Seville:
 * *Hispaliz (Latin )
 * Terrassa:
 * *Terrafsō  (Latin  + Latin )
 * Toledo:
 * *Tulītą (Latin )
 * Valencia:
 * *Walintijō (Latin )
 * Valladolid:
 * *Wallitulitą (Celtiberian Vallis Tolitum)
 * Vitoria:
 * *Wihturijō (Latin )
 * Zaragoza:
 * *Kaisaraugustō (Latin )
 * *Kaisaraugustō (Latin )

Sweden

 * Gothenburg:
 * Malmö:
 * Stockholm:
 * Uppsala:
 * Stockholm:
 * Uppsala:
 * Uppsala:

Switzerland

 * Basel:
 * *Basiljō (Latin )
 * Fribourg:
 * Geneva:
 * *Genawō (Latin )
 * Lausanna:
 * *Lausannō (Latin )
 * Neuchâtel:
 * *Nuwakastillą (Latin  + Latin )
 * Thun:
 * *Dūną (Proto-Celtic )
 * Zürich:
 * *Turīką (Latin )
 * *Turīką (Latin )

United Kingdom

 * Bath:
 * Birmingham:
 * Bradford:
 * Brighton:
 * Bristol:
 * Canterbury:
 * (Latin )
 * Carlisle:
 * *Kagraluguwaliją (Proto-Celtic  + Latin )
 * Chelmsford:
 * Chester:
 * *Kastrą (Latin )
 * Derby:
 * *Derwentijô (Latin )
 * Ely:
 * Exeter:
 * *Īskakastrą (Proto-Celtic  + Latin )
 * Gloucester:
 * *Glewakastrą (Latin  + Latin )
 * Hereford:
 * Lincoln:
 * *Lindakulunjō  (Latin  + )
 * London:
 * *Lundīniją (Latin )
 * Manchester:
 * *Mammōkastrą (Proto-Celtic  + Latin )
 * Newcastle:
 * (Latin )
 * Norwich:
 * Oxford:
 * Peterborough:
 * (Latin )
 * Portsmouth:
 * (Latin )
 * Preston:
 * (Ancient Greek )
 * St Albans:
 * *Sanhtaz Albōnaz (Latin  + Latin )
 * Salford:
 * Sheffield:
 * Wakefield:
 * Wells:
 * Westminster:
 * (Ancient Greek )
 * Winchester:
 * *Wintōkastrą (Latin  + Latin )
 * York:
 * *Eburōką (Latin )
 * *Sanhtaz Albōnaz (Latin  + Latin )
 * Salford:
 * Sheffield:
 * Wakefield:
 * Wells:
 * Westminster:
 * (Ancient Greek )
 * Winchester:
 * *Wintōkastrą (Latin  + Latin )
 * York:
 * *Eburōką (Latin )
 * Winchester:
 * *Wintōkastrą (Latin  + Latin )
 * York:
 * *Eburōką (Latin )

title: User:Rua/Modern Germanic


text:
Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2011-04/CFI: Removing usage in a well-known work

CFI: Removing usage in a well-known work

 * Voting on: Changing the first part of Criteria for inclusion from this: “Attested” means verified through Clearly widespread use,Usage in a well-known work, orUsage in permanently recorded media, conveying meaning, in at least three independent instances spanning at least a year. to this: “Attested” means verified through Clearly widespread use, or Usage in permanently recorded media, conveying meaning, in at least three independent instances spanning at least a year.
 * Rationale: For the rationale of the creator of the vote, see Wiktionary talk:Votes/pl-2011-04/CFI: Removing usage in a well-known work.
 * Some optional questions: If you disagree with removal of usage in a well-known work but see some problems with the bullet point, what are the problems that you see? What sort of modifications would you like to see made to the well-known-work bullet point, if any?
 * Vote starts: 00:01, 29 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Vote ends: 23.59, 28 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Vote created: Dan Polansky 14:53, 25 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Discussion:
 * [[Image:Wikt rei-artur3.svg|20px]] Beer parlour archive/2011/January, January 2011
 * [[Image:Wikt rei-artur3.svg|20px]] Beer parlour archive/2008/October, October 2008
 * [[Image:Wikt rei-artur3.svg|20px]] Wiktionary talk:Votes/pl-2011-04/CFI: Removing usage in a well-known work

Support

 * 1) [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]] Support < class="latinx" >Ƿidsiþ 08:01, 29 April 2011 (UTC)
 * 2) [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]] Support. Aligns with long-time de facto policy of not including nonces unless they have gained actual use elsewhere, which is determined by getting three citations anyways. Eliminates the ambiguity in what constitutes a well-known work. DAVilla 06:15, 30 April 2011 (UTC)
 * [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]] Support Dan Polansky 08:20, 2 May 2011 (UTC)
 * 1) [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]] Support  but also support Votes/pl-2010-12/Attestation of extinct languages. --Bequw → τ 02:03, 10 May 2011 (UTC)

Oppose

 * 1) [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.svg|20px]] Oppose  Mglovesfun (talk) 10:24, 29 April 2011 (UTC), regarding why, I've commented on the talk page.
 * 2) [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.svg|20px]] Oppose   for all the reasons given in the various discussions on the subject. Dan Polansky's Joyce example is problematic, but his solution throws out the baby with the bathwater. —Ruakh <i >TALK</i > 11:01, 29 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Can you name at least one of the reasons? Disclaimer: Tell me if you don't like my responding here, and I will stop. --Dan Polansky 11:05, 29 April 2011 (UTC)11:05, 29 April 2011 (UTC)
 * In my opinion, such a discussion should be on the talk page (and already is). --Mglovesfun (talk) 11:15, 29 April 2011 (UTC)
 * 1) [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.svg|20px]] Oppose  Prosfilaes 17:40, 29 April 2011 (UTC)
 * 2) [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.svg|20px]] Lean oppose; I agree with Ruakh, this throws the baby out with the bathwater. - -sche (discuss) 01:12, 1 May 2011 (UTC)
 * 3) [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.svg|20px]] Oppose  Yair rand 07:40, 6 May 2011 (UTC)
 * 4) [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.svg|20px]] Oppose  Dan Polansky 09:16, 10 May 2011 (UTC) I acknowledge the points raised by Mglovesfun and Ruakh: if this vote passes, Old English terms that are attested only by a single citation from Beowulf will fail to meet CFI. I want the well-known-work bullet point to be removed from Wiktionary, as well as Joyce's nonce words (for more of which see the talk page), but the right order of action seems to be to first deal with Beowulf and attestation of poorly attested languages, and only then remove the well-known-work bullet point. --Dan Polansky 09:16, 10 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Name just one word from Beowulf that cannot be attested. DAVilla 06:37, 12 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Entry for medusetl has a usage note that says that the word is only attested once, so that would be a word from Beowulf that cannot be attested by three citations from independent sources given the usage note is correct. Other candidates for such words are found by searching for "Beowulf" in Wiktionary. Alas, I cannot claim anything positive of 3-attestability of words from Beowulf, as I know almost nothing of Old English and its literature. I can quote Wikipedia, which is a bit unreliable: "Old English literature, though more abundant than literature of the continent before AD 1000, is nonetheless scant"(Old English). Are you convinced that every single word from Beowulf can be attested using three citations? Whence this confidence? --Dan Polansky 06:51, 12 May 2011 (UTC)
 * That was my claim until I realized I can't distinguish Old English from other Germanic languages. The citation of Beowulf actually uses meodosetla which seems to get hits in German and what else I can't tell. Although I did find a contemporary English use of medusetl I've let my mind concede that it wouldn't count for Old English.
 * I guess it would be better to say that the issues raised in protest of this vote are better handled by treating other languages differently, especially those that are extinct. Keep your ugly babies, but the bathwater we need to get rid of is use in a single well-known work (but nowhere else) for modern English at least. DAVilla 14:25, 30 May 2011 (UTC)
 * You are right that the citation uses "meodosetla", which could be an inflected form of "medusetl": if it is not an inflected form, then I do not know how the citation attests "medusetl". Interestingly, on the talk page of "medusetl", Widsith writes: "... There are many examples of this word in OE literature, I have added one from Beowulf. ... Widsith 07:53, 11 May 2006 (UTC)". Believing this, "medusetl" would be 3-attestable. I do not really know what to make of this. Unfortunately, the other opposers have not tried to actually show us the baby to be protected: show us the words that can be only 1-attested and should be in Wiktionary. The dirty bathwater (objectionable material includable per current CFI) has been documented in detail by Ƿidsiþ on 6 May 2011 on the talk page of this vote, is this . The vote is now over, anyway. --Dan Polansky 16:00, 30 May 2011 (UTC)
 * You are right that the citation uses "meodosetla", which could be an inflected form of "medusetl": if it is not an inflected form, then I do not know how the citation attests "medusetl". Interestingly, on the talk page of "medusetl", Widsith writes: "... There are many examples of this word in OE literature, I have added one from Beowulf. ... Widsith 07:53, 11 May 2006 (UTC)". Believing this, "medusetl" would be 3-attestable. I do not really know what to make of this. Unfortunately, the other opposers have not tried to actually show us the baby to be protected: show us the words that can be only 1-attested and should be in Wiktionary. The dirty bathwater (objectionable material includable per current CFI) has been documented in detail by Ƿidsiþ on 6 May 2011 on the talk page of this vote, is this . The vote is now over, anyway. --Dan Polansky 16:00, 30 May 2011 (UTC)

Decision

 * Fails. —msh210℠ (talk) 16:09, 31 May 2011 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
User talk:Rua/Modern Germanic

 * Nice! Leasnam 19:04, 25 April 2011 (UTC)
 * What's the proto-Ger. for Old English "tungol" ... planet, star, constellation. That might be a good one for a planet. Anwulf Ferþu Hal! 04:08, 11 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Good work! -- LucasEasedUp 12:23, 20 January 2012 (UTC)

 * Hey! Your list is quite impressive. I also tried to reconstruct some words, and maybe you can help me by verifying them... So I guess Iceland would be Īsalandą and Salzburg Saltaburgz... But what's about toponyms like Zürich? Taking the Celtic Turīkon and Latin Turīcum, would that be Turīką? Or did I forget another sound shift? Furthermore, I wanted to build the Germanic name of 'Neumarkt', a name quite often applied to villages, towns and cities in German speaking areas. But I don't know the Germanic word for 'markt' (= market). Some etymological dictionaries give * merkāt- (so merkātaz?), but why isn't it merkōtaz (the same sound shift as in Rōmānus > Rūmōniz?) ... So, is Neumarkt Niwjamerkātaz or Niwjamerkōtaz? What d'u think? User:Hlūdawīgą --00:27, 19.08.2013
 * Some new words:

communism gamainidōmaz ('common-doom', German Gemeintum) april austrōmēnōþs ('eastermonth', Old English Ēastermōnaþ, German Ostermonat) july hawjamēnōþs ('haymonth', Old High German hewimânôd, German Heuert, Old Norse heyannir) september harbistamēnōþs ('fall-/harvestmonth', Old English Hærfestmónaþ, Old High German Herbistmānōd, Old Norse haustmánuðr) december jehwlamēnōþs ('yulemonth', Old English Gēolmōnaþ, German Julmond) Istanbul Mikilagardaz ('big town', Old Norse Miklagarðr, Icelandic Mikligarður, German Michelgart) Salzburg Saltaburgz Myolnir, Möllnir meldunjaz Tórshavn Þunras Habnō Wieselburg Twisilaburgz (Old High German Zwisilburg) to galoppe welahlaupaną ('to well-run', Old Frankish wala hlaupan -> Old French galoper) Sopron/Ödenburg Auþiburgz (Old High German Odinburg) Beowulf Bijōwulfaz ('bee-wulf') Latin latīniskaz
 * Have you considered trying this for PIE (or perhaps you know someone else who has)? ObsequiousNewt (talk) 16:29, 13 February 2014 (UTC)
 * I have been wondering what would the word for Wikipedia in Proto-Germanic might look like. Following the name of the Gothic edition of the website, I might expect something like *Wikipaidijō by just adapting the word to proto-germanic. If a hypothetical *ϝικιπαϝιδεϝία were to have existed in proto-greek and it were borrowed directly from greek before Grimm's Law shifted consonants, I would expect a form somewhat like *wigibawitiwī~*wigibawitiwjō to be the result. This is one to two syllables longer than even *nehwagabūrô or *alinabugô.Nayrb Rellimer (talk) 12:45, 30 December 2014 (UTC)
 * I think that it would make more sense to translate "encyclopedia" first, and then add "wiki" into that. —CodeCat 13:51, 30 December 2014 (UTC)
 * How about translating encyclopedia as "*wīsadōmabōks" and then Wikipedia as *Wikiwīsadōmabōks. That makes seven syllables. A shorter word might be bōks which would yield Wikilaizōbōks. Nayrb Rellimer (talk) 01:12, 31 December 2014 (UTC)
 * I wouldn't go with "wisdombook" as the word "wisdom" doesn't appear in Gothic at all. So that probably means it was a later Northwest Germanic coinage. On the other hand, both Old Norse and Gothic attest, so that might be a better choice. —CodeCat 02:02, 31 December 2014 (UTC)
 * So the form would then be for an encyclopedia and *Wikifrōdīmbōks for Wikipedia.Nayrb Rellimer (talk) 05:18, 31 December 2014 (UTC)
 * maize walhakurną? Nayrb Rellimer (talk) 21:14, 7 May 2015 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure about this one now after seeing it was already used on a bracteate found in Tjurkö in the dative case: "wur[h]te runoz an walhakurne .. heldaz kunimu[n]diu..." although I'm not sure what "an walhakurne" means in this inscription.Nayrb Rellimer (talk) 23:21, 24 July 2015 (UTC)

 * How about using *Haimrīk or *Haimrīkland instead of *Amirikō? America is derived from the name of Vespucci - Amerigo, which, in turn, is from German name Emmerich. First part of the name Emme- is arguably from heim - home. --ReordCræft (talk) 19:48, 27 January 2016 (UTC)

 * Seconded, but more like Haimarīkijaslandą, and why not just Haimarīkiją for short (or Ermunarīkiją if one accepts another proposed origin). Similarly, in view of the origin of its name, Russia should probably be Rōþraslandą.--95.42.201.224 20:28, 26 February 2016 (UTC)

Modern descendants
Maybe there could be what the descendants would be in the Germanic languages, particularly for the loanwords.--Simplificationalizer (talk) 18:47, 26 November 2017 (UTC)

Brilliant!
Thank you so much! I especially like *kwikwasilubrą and *Rūmiskō braudaskībō. ;--D --GigaMašíbL (talk) 07:56, 30 May 2018 (UTC)

Seringalandą
Since the West Saxons were already quite at home (i.e. used it only once in the Anglo-Saxon corpora) with the word, attested as the dative , apparently from Ancient Greek /Latin + PGmc , a Modern Germanic would probably feel at ease with *Seringalandą as a word for. Perhaps even more direct than the Indic-derived words. --Frigoris (talk) 12:28, 11 May 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rua/Modern Germanic


text: nixui

title: nixui


text: nixu

title: nixu


text: nixuum

title: nixuum


text: nixibus

title: nixibus


text:
nyyhky

Noun

 * 1) sob

title: nyyhky


text:
hölinä

Noun

 * 1) blabber

title: hölinä


text: nobilus

title: nobilus


text:
paapatus

Noun

 * 1) gabble, babble

title: paapatus


text: nobila

title: nobila


text: nobilum

title: nobilum


text: nobilae

title: nobilae


text: nobilorum

title: nobilorum


text: nobilo

title: nobilo


text: nobilam

title: nobilam


text: nobilos

title: nobilos


text: nobilas

title: nobilas


text: nolit

title: nolit


text:
neuvannee

Adjective

 * 1) unblessed

title: neuvannee


text:
neuvannit

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) unblessed

title: neuvannit


text:
bannee

Etymology
From, a later form of , from.

Verb

 * 1) bless
 * 2) beatify, sanctify
 * 3) cross, make the sign of the cross over oneself.

Adjective

 * 1) holy, blessed, saintly

title: bannee


text:
nominalis

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) nominal (of a name)

title: nominalis


text:
User talk:Julle

Død
Hi Julle, in død (this edit) you deleted the German word from the etymology, with the comment "see . The relevant text: "''æda. døth, oldn. (sj.) dauðr, eng. death, ty. tod, got. dauþus; jf. dø, II. død", doesn't really explain your edit. The matter is also complicated by the fact that the etymology seems to be for both the noun and the adjective. ODS has this for the adjective: "glda. dødh(er), æda. døth, run. dåuðr, dǿðr, oldn. dauðr, eng. dead, ty. tot, got. dauþs; egl. part. adj. til dø''". It would seem to me, that it doesn't say the origin is Old Norse.

The more modern Danish dictionary DDO has: I guess they are meant as cognates rather than dual origin.
 * noun: oldnordisk dauðr, tysk Tod – afledt af roden i dø
 * adj.: oldnordisk dauðr, tysk tot – oprindelig præteritum participium passiv af verbet dø

My etymology book has Proto_Germanic as origin (noun: *dauþu; adj.: *dauþa, dauða.) Maybe, , but those pages also assumes Old Norse origin, as opposed to my understanding of the dictionaries.--Leo Laursen – (talk · contribs) 15:11, 25 April 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Julle


text:
niljakkuus

Noun

 * 1) (slimy) slipperiness

title: niljakkuus


text: nominalia

title: nominalia


text: nominalium

title: nominalium


text: nominalibus

title: nominalibus


text: nominalem

title: nominalem


text:
sähköuuni

Noun

 * 1) electric oven

title: sähköuuni


text:
uunijuusto

Noun

 * 1) Finnish dish made of cow beestings.

title: uunijuusto


text:
luonnonkivi

Noun

 * 1) natural stone

title: luonnonkivi


text:
neuloghtalid

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  slightness

title: neuloghtalid


text: nonnunquam

title: nonnunquam


text:
norit

Noun

 * 1)  a brand of activated carbon

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) norite

title: norit


text:
notabilis

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) notable, remarkable, extraordinary, memorable

title: notabilis


text:
pappismies

Noun

 * 1) clergyman

title: pappismies


text:
jarroodagh

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) forgetful

title: jarroodagh


text: notabiles

title: notabiles


text:
notabilia

Etymology
Neuter plural of.

Noun

 * 1) Things worthy of notice.

title: notabilia


text: notabilium

title: notabilium


text: notabilibus

title: notabilibus


text: notabilem

title: notabilem


text:
miesjoukko

Noun

 * 1) group of men

title: miesjoukko


text:
notaturus

Etymology
Future active participle of.

Participle

 * 1) about to mark, note

title: notaturus


text:
notandus

Etymology
Future passive participle of.

Participle

 * 1) which is to be marked, noted

title: notandus


text: notatura

title: notatura


text: notaturum

title: notaturum


text: notaturi

title: notaturi


text: notaturae

title: notaturae


text: notaturorum

title: notaturorum


text: notaturarum

title: notaturarum


text: notaturo

title: notaturo


text: notaturis

title: notaturis


text: notaturam

title: notaturam


text: notaturos

title: notaturos


text: notaturas

title: notaturas


text: notature

title: notature


text: notanda

title: notanda


text:
notandum

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1)  Something to be noted or observed; a notable fact.

title: notandum


text: notandae

title: notandae


text: notandorum

title: notandorum


text: notandarum

title: notandarum


text: notandis

title: notandis


text: notandam

title: notandam


text: notandos

title: notandos


text: notandas

title: notandas


text: notande

title: notande


text:
notionalis

Adjective

 * 1) notional, conceptional

title: notionalis


text:
tyrociny

Etymology
From. .

Noun

 * 1) The condition of being a tyro or beginner; apprenticeship.

Translations

 * Russian:

title: tyrociny


text: notionale

title: notionale


text: notionales

title: notionales


text: notionalia

title: notionalia


text: notionalium

title: notionalium


text: notionali

title: notionali


text: notionalibus

title: notionalibus


text: notionalem

title: notionalem


text:
noteo

Verb

 * 1) to notify

title: noteo


text: notebo

title: notebo


text: notebis

title: notebis


text: notebit

title: notebit


text: notebimus

title: notebimus


text: notebitis

title: notebitis


text: notebunt

title: notebunt


text: notebam

title: notebam


text: notebas

title: notebas


text: notebat

title: notebat


text: notebamus

title: notebamus


text: notebatis

title: notebatis


text: notebant

title: notebant


text: notui

title: notui


text: notuisti

title: notuisti


text: notuit

title: notuit


text: notuimus

title: notuimus


text: notuistis

title: notuistis


text: notuerunt

title: notuerunt


text: notuero

title: notuero


text: notueris

title: notueris


text: notuerit

title: notuerit


text: notuerimus

title: notuerimus


text: notueritis

title: notueritis


text: notuerint

title: notuerint


text: notueram

title: notueram


text: notueras

title: notueras


text: notuerat

title: notuerat


text: notueramus

title: notueramus


text: notueratis

title: notueratis


text: notuerant

title: notuerant


text: noteor

title: noteor


text: notebor

title: notebor


text: noteberis

title: noteberis


text: notebitur

title: notebitur


text: notebimur

title: notebimur


text: notebimini

title: notebimini


text: notebuntur

title: notebuntur


text: notebar

title: notebar


text: notebaris

title: notebaris


text: notebatur

title: notebatur


text: notebamur

title: notebamur


text: notebamini

title: notebamini


text: notebantur

title: notebantur


text: noteam

title: noteam


text: noteas

title: noteas


text: noteat

title: noteat


text: noteamus

title: noteamus


text: noteatis

title: noteatis


text: noteant

title: noteant


text: noterem

title: noterem


text: noteres

title: noteres


text: noteret

title: noteret


text: noteremus

title: noteremus


text: noteretis

title: noteretis


text: noterent

title: noterent


text: notuerim

title: notuerim


text: notuissem

title: notuissem


text: notuisses

title: notuisses


text: notuisset

title: notuisset


text: notuissemus

title: notuissemus


text: notuissetis

title: notuissetis


text: notuissent

title: notuissent


text: notear

title: notear


text: notearis

title: notearis


text: noteatur

title: noteatur


text: noteamur

title: noteamur


text: noteamini

title: noteamini


text: noteantur

title: noteantur


text: noterer

title: noterer


text: notereris

title: notereris


text: noteretur

title: noteretur


text: noteremur

title: noteremur


text: noteremini

title: noteremini


text: noterentur

title: noterentur


text: noteto

title: noteto


text: notete

title: notete


text: notetote

title: notetote


text: notento

title: notento


text: notetor

title: notetor


text: notentor

title: notentor


text: notuisse

title: notuisse


text: noteri

title: noteri


text:
noviter

Adverb

 * 1) recently, newly

title: noviter


text:
notiturus

Etymology
Future active participle of.

Participle

 * 1) about to notify

title: notiturus


text:
notitus

Etymology
Perfect passive participle of.

Participle

 * 1) notified

title: notitus


text:
notendus

Etymology
Future passive participle of.

Participle

 * 1) which is to be notified

title: notendus


text: notentes

title: notentes


text: notentia

title: notentia


text: notentis

title: notentis


text: notentium

title: notentium


text: notenti

title: notenti


text: notente

title: notente


text: notentibus

title: notentibus


text: notentem

title: notentem


text: notitura

title: notitura


text: notiturum

title: notiturum


text: notituri

title: notituri


text: notiturae

title: notiturae


text: notiturorum

title: notiturorum


text: notiturarum

title: notiturarum


text: notituro

title: notituro


text: notituris

title: notituris


text: notituram

title: notituram


text: notituros

title: notituros


text: notituras

title: notituras


text: notiture

title: notiture


text: notitum

title: notitum


text: notiti

title: notiti


text: notitae

title: notitae


text: notitorum

title: notitorum


text: notitarum

title: notitarum


text: notitis

title: notitis


text: notitam

title: notitam


text: notitos

title: notitos


text: notitas

title: notitas


text: notenda

title: notenda


text: notendum

title: notendum


text: notendi

title: notendi


text: notendae

title: notendae


text: notendorum

title: notendorum


text: notendarum

title: notendarum


text: notendo

title: notendo


text: notendis

title: notendis


text: notendam

title: notendam


text: notendos

title: notendos


text: notendas

title: notendas


text: notende

title: notende


text:
User:Flyax/New pages by a user

The following two scripts give a list of all pages that have been created by a certain user. The first one takes a list of all their contributions and produces a list of all entries this user has modified. The second script gets data about the first revision of these entries, finds out the creator and adds the headword to the final list, if the creator is the user we are interested in.

How to run

 * 1) We need to be patient!
 * 2) We need a computer running Linux
 * 3) The first script will create a temporary sub-directory and the second one the final list, named "pagesby$.txt", where $ is a username.
 * 4) If the user has moved any pages, the redirects that have been created because of the moving will be in the final list.
 * 5) For example:

The final list will be in "pagesbyFlyax.txt" in the ''"temp_npbu" sub-directory.

title: User:Flyax/New pages by a user


text: tironis

title: tironis


text: tironum

title: tironum


text: tironi

title: tironi


text: tironibus

title: tironibus


text: tironem

title: tironem


text: tirone

title: tirone


text:
renommieren

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to boast, to brag

title: renommieren


text:
nubecula

Etymology
From, diminutive of.

Noun

 * 1)  A nebula; specifically, the Magellanic Clouds.
 * 2)  A slight spot on the cornea.
 * 3)  A cloudy object or appearance in urine.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) cloudlet
 * 2) dark spot
 * 3) troubled expression
 * 1) troubled expression

title: nubecula


text: nubeculae

title: nubeculae


text: nubecularum

title: nubecularum


text: nubeculis

title: nubeculis


text: nubeculam

title: nubeculam


text: nubeculas

title: nubeculas


text:
nugor

Verb

 * 1) to jest, trifle, play the fool, talk nonsense
 * 2) to trick, cajole, cheat

title: nugor


text: nugaris

title: nugaris


text: nugatur

title: nugatur


text: nugamur

title: nugamur


text: nugamini

title: nugamini


text: nugantur

title: nugantur


text: nugabor

title: nugabor


text: nugaberis

title: nugaberis


text: nugabitur

title: nugabitur


text: nugabimur

title: nugabimur


text: nugabimini

title: nugabimini


text: nugabuntur

title: nugabuntur


text: nugabar

title: nugabar


text: nugabaris

title: nugabaris


text: nugabatur

title: nugabatur


text: nugabamur

title: nugabamur


text: nugabamini

title: nugabamini


text: nugabantur

title: nugabantur


text: nuger

title: nuger


text: nugeris

title: nugeris


text: nugetur

title: nugetur


text: nugemur

title: nugemur


text: nugemini

title: nugemini


text: nugentur

title: nugentur


text: nugarer

title: nugarer


text: nugareris

title: nugareris


text: nugaretur

title: nugaretur


text: nugaremur

title: nugaremur


text: nugaremini

title: nugaremini


text: nugarentur

title: nugarentur


text: nugare

title: nugare


text:
nugator

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) jester, joker

title: nugator


text: nugantor

title: nugantor


text: nugari

title: nugari


text:
Renommist

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  boaster, braggart

title: Renommist


text:
neuveaghit

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) unfed

title: neuveaghit


text: nugis

title: nugis


text: nugam

title: nugam


text:
beaghit

Adjective

 * 1) fed, maintained

title: beaghit


text:
nullatenus

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) nowise, not at all, by no means

title: nullatenus


text:
zejména

Adverb

 * 1) especially, particularly

title: zejména


text:
nullibi

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) nowhere

title: nullibi


text:
nullitas

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) non-existence
 * 2) nonentity

title: nullitas


text: nullitates

title: nullitates


text: nullitatis

title: nullitatis


text: nullitatum

title: nullitatum


text: nullitati

title: nullitati


text: nullitatibus

title: nullitatibus


text: nullitatem

title: nullitatem


text: nullitate

title: nullitate


text:
almenys

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) at least

Synonyms

 * (regional)

title: almenys


text:
numisma

Etymology
From, , variant of Latin , from , for current money, coin, usage, lit. "what has been sanctioned by custom or use," from , itself from. Related to 🇨🇬. See numismatic and nomisma.

Noun

 * 1) In modern usage, money or currency; rarely, coinage, especially as a means to control a monetary system (i.e., as coinage can mean a monetary system). Archaically, a byzant (specific gold coin). In ancient use, the current coin of a state.

Usage notes
See numismatic and nomisma.

Related terms
See numismatics, and other derived and related terms there.

Etymology
See etymology subsection under English.

Noun

 * 1) coin

title: numisma


text: numismata

title: numismata


text: numismatis

title: numismatis


text: numismatum

title: numismatum


text: numismati

title: numismati


text: numismatibus

title: numismatibus


text:
numismate

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) numismatist

title: numismate


text:
bombardejo

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) bombing

title: bombardejo


text:
nutricula

Noun

 * 1) nurse

title: nutricula


text: nutriculae

title: nutriculae


text: nutricularum

title: nutricularum


text: nutriculis

title: nutriculis


text: nutriculam

title: nutriculam


text: nutriculas

title: nutriculas


text: nutritius

title: nutritius


text: nutritia

title: nutritia


text: nutritium

title: nutritium


text: nutritii

title: nutritii


text: nutritiae

title: nutritiae


text: nutritiorum

title: nutritiorum


text: nutritiarum

title: nutritiarum


text: nutritiis

title: nutritiis


text: nutritiam

title: nutritiam


text: nutritios

title: nutritios


text: nutritias

title: nutritias


text: nutritie

title: nutritie


text:
ناخوشایند

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) unpleasant

title: ناخوشایند


text:
boccone del prete

Noun

 * 1) parson's nose

title: boccone del prete


text: nutritiones

title: nutritiones


text: nutritionis

title: nutritionis


text: nutritionum

title: nutritionum


text: nutritioni

title: nutritioni


text: nutritionibus

title: nutritionibus


text: nutritionem

title: nutritionem


text: nutritione

title: nutritione


text: nutricionis

title: nutricionis


text: nutricionum

title: nutricionum


text: nutricioni

title: nutricioni


text: nutricionibus

title: nutricionibus


text: nutricionem

title: nutricionem


text: nutricione

title: nutricione


text:
gaddafista

Adjective

 * 1) supporting Gadaffi

Noun

 * 1) supporter of Gadaffi

title: gaddafista


text:
expel·lir

Etymology
, with normal change of conjugation to -ir. Compare the inherited doublet.

Verb

 * 1)  to exhale, breathe out

title: expel·lir


text:
circuit electric

Noun

 * 1) electric circuit

title: circuit electric


text:
naixença

Etymology
From the verb, based on. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) birth

title: naixença


text:
assegurança

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) insurance

title: assegurança


text: majiru

title: majiru


text:
assegurable

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) insurable

title: assegurable


text:
мило

Etymology
, synchronically parsable as. Attested among Lovech Pomaks.

Noun

 * 1) soap

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) dearly, sweetly

Adverb

 * 1) dearly, kindly, cordially
 * 2) cutely

Adverb

 * 1) dearly, kindly, cordially

Etymology 1
Inherited from, from. .

Noun

 * 1) soap

Adverb

 * 1) nicely, prettily
 * 2) dearly, kindly, cordially

title: мило


text:
vapno

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) lime

title: vapno


text:
混じる

Verb

 * 1) mix with, blend with, join
 * 2) associate with, intermingle with

Usage notes
This form and are common, but  is unusual.

title: 混じる


text:
lipovina

Noun

 * 1) linden (wood)

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) hárslevelű
 * 2) hárslevelű
 * 3) linden

title: lipovina


text:
липовина

Noun

 * 1) linden (wood)

title: липовина


text:
predgovor

Noun

 * 1) preface, foreword

title: predgovor


text:
предговор

Noun

 * 1) preface, foreword

Noun

 * 1) preface, foreword

title: предговор


text:
поговор

Noun

 * 1) epilogue

title: поговор


text: xafardejaves

title: xafardejaves


text: xafardejaràs

title: xafardejaràs


text: xafardejat

title: xafardejat


text: xafardegessin

title: xafardegessin


text: xafardejo

title: xafardejo


text: xafardejà

title: xafardejà


text: xafardejaren

title: xafardejaren


text: xafardejarem

title: xafardejarem


text: xafardeja

title: xafardeja


text: xafardejareu

title: xafardejareu


text: xafardejares

title: xafardejares


text: xafardejaran

title: xafardejaran


text: xafardegessis

title: xafardegessis


text: xafardegí

title: xafardegí


text: xafardegin

title: xafardegin


text: xafardegi

title: xafardegi


text: xafardejàvem

title: xafardejàvem


text: xafardejaré

title: xafardejaré


text: xafardejàveu

title: xafardejàveu


text: xafardejaria

title: xafardejaria


text: xafardeges

title: xafardeges


text: xafardejarà

title: xafardejarà


text: xafardejava

title: xafardejava


text: xafardejaven

title: xafardejaven


text: xafardegés

title: xafardegés


text: xafardejaríem

title: xafardejaríem


text: xafardegem

title: xafardegem


text: xafardejàreu

title: xafardejàreu


text: xafardegen

title: xafardegen


text: xafardejant

title: xafardejant


text: xafardegéssim

title: xafardegéssim


text: xafardejarien

title: xafardejarien


text: xafardejaries

title: xafardejaries


text: xafardegéssiu

title: xafardegéssiu


text: xafardegis

title: xafardegis


text: xafardejaríeu

title: xafardejaríeu


text: xafardegeu

title: xafardegeu


text: xafardejàrem

title: xafardejàrem


text: titubegem

title: titubegem


text: titubegen

title: titubegen


text: titubegéssiu

title: titubegéssiu


text:
wilczy

Etymology
..

Adjective

 * 1)  wolf; lupine

title: wilczy


text: titubegí

title: titubegí


text: titubegi

title: titubegi


text: titubeges

title: titubeges


text: titubegéssim

title: titubegéssim


text: titubegis

title: titubegis


text: titubegin

title: titubegin


text: titubegessis

title: titubegessis


text: titubegessin

title: titubegessin


text: titubegés

title: titubegés


text: xafarotegis

title: xafarotegis


text: xafarotegéssiu

title: xafarotegéssiu


text: xafarotejàrem

title: xafarotejàrem


text: xafarotegés

title: xafarotegés


text: xafarotegéssim

title: xafarotegéssim


text: xafarotejàreu

title: xafarotejàreu


text: xafaroteges

title: xafaroteges


text: xafarotejaràs

title: xafarotejaràs


text: xafarotejàvem

title: xafarotejàvem


text: xafarotegeu

title: xafarotegeu


text: xafarotejaries

title: xafarotejaries


text: xafarotejaríem

title: xafarotejaríem


text: xafarotejant

title: xafarotejant


text: xafarotegem

title: xafarotegem


text: xafarotejarien

title: xafarotejarien


text: xafarotegen

title: xafarotegen


text: xafarotejaríeu

title: xafarotejaríeu


text: xafarotegin

title: xafarotegin


text: xafarotejareu

title: xafarotejareu


text: xafarotejaves

title: xafarotejaves


text: xafarotejaran

title: xafarotejaran


text:
гол

Etymology 1
Inherited from.

Adjective

 * 1) nude, naked
 * 2) bare, uncovered
 * 3) bald
 * 4)  destitute
 * 5)  scantily clothed
 * 6)  plain, unadulterated

Etymology 2
.

Noun

 * 1)  goal

Noun

 * 1) centre, middle; core
 * 2) spine
 * 3) core, main point
 * 4) river

Etymology 1
, from.

Adjective

 * 1) naked, nude
 * 2) bare
 * 3)  poor

Etymology 2
.

Noun

 * 1)  goal

Etymology
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, etc.

For origin of sense ‘river’ see.

Noun

 * 1) centre, middle; core
 * 2) spine
 * 3) core, main point
 * 4) river

Adjective

 * 1) main, chief, essential, principal

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1)  goal

Etymology 1
, from.

Adjective

 * 1)  naked, nude, bare

Etymology 2
.

Noun

 * 1)  goal

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1)  goal

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  goal

title: гол


text: xafarotejares

title: xafarotejares


text: xafarotegessis

title: xafarotegessis


text: xafarotejat

title: xafarotejat


text: xafarotejaren

title: xafarotejaren


text: xafarotejarem

title: xafarotejarem


text: xafarotejo

title: xafarotejo


text: xafarotegessin

title: xafarotegessin


text: xafarotejà

title: xafarotejà


text: xafaroteja

title: xafaroteja


text: xafarotejàveu

title: xafarotejàveu


text: xafarotejava

title: xafarotejava


text: xafarotejaré

title: xafarotejaré


text: xafarotejaria

title: xafarotejaria


text: xafarotejarà

title: xafarotejarà


text: xafarotegí

title: xafarotegí


text: xafarotegi

title: xafarotegi


text: xafarotejaven

title: xafarotejaven


text: zigzaguegis

title: zigzaguegis


text: zigzaguejo

title: zigzaguejo


text: zigzaguejares

title: zigzaguejares


text: zigzaguejaven

title: zigzaguejaven


text: zigzagueges

title: zigzagueges


text: zigzaguegeu

title: zigzaguegeu


text: zigzaguejareu

title: zigzaguejareu


text: zigzaguegem

title: zigzaguegem


text: zigzaguejaren

title: zigzaguejaren


text: zigzaguejarem

title: zigzaguejarem


text: zigzaguegen

title: zigzaguegen


text: zigzaguegin

title: zigzaguegin


text: zigzaguegi

title: zigzaguegi


text: zigzaguejant

title: zigzaguejant


text: zigzaguegí

title: zigzaguegí


text: zigzaguejàreu

title: zigzaguejàreu


text: zigzaguegés

title: zigzaguegés


text: zigzaguejaràs

title: zigzaguejaràs


text: zigzaguejàrem

title: zigzaguejàrem


text: zigzaguejaries

title: zigzaguejaries


text: zigzaguejàvem

title: zigzaguejàvem


text: zigzaguegéssiu

title: zigzaguegéssiu


text: zigzaguejava

title: zigzaguejava


text: zigzaguegessin

title: zigzaguegessin


text: zigzaguejà

title: zigzaguejà


text: zigzagueja

title: zigzagueja


text: zigzaguejaré

title: zigzaguejaré


text: zigzaguegessis

title: zigzaguegessis


text: zigzaguejàveu

title: zigzaguejàveu


text: zigzaguejarà

title: zigzaguejarà


text: zigzaguegéssim

title: zigzaguegéssim


text: zigzaguejarien

title: zigzaguejarien


text: zigzaguejaran

title: zigzaguejaran


text: zigzaguejaríem

title: zigzaguejaríem


text:
голман

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) goalkeeper

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  goalkeeper

title: голман


text: zigzaguejat

title: zigzaguejat


text: zigzaguejaria

title: zigzaguejaria


text: zigzaguejaves

title: zigzaguejaves


text: zigzaguejaríeu

title: zigzaguejaríeu


text: bombardejant

title: bombardejant


text: bombardejat

title: bombardejat


text: bombardejaries

title: bombardejaries


text: bombardejarà

title: bombardejarà


text: bombardejaré

title: bombardejaré


text: bombardejava

title: bombardejava


text: bombardejàreu

title: bombardejàreu


text: bombardegin

title: bombardegin


text: bombardejaríeu

title: bombardejaríeu


text: bombardegessin

title: bombardegessin


text: bombardejàrem

title: bombardejàrem


text: bombardejaràs

title: bombardejaràs


text: bombardejarien

title: bombardejarien


text: bombardejàvem

title: bombardejàvem


text: bombardeges

title: bombardeges


text: bombardegéssim

title: bombardegéssim


text: bombardegeu

title: bombardegeu


text: bombardegessis

title: bombardegessis


text: bombardejà

title: bombardejà


text: bombardeja

title: bombardeja