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Temple Grandin

Mary Temple Grandin (born August 29, 1947) is an American academic and animal behaviorist. She is a prominent proponent of the humane treatment of livestock for slaughter and the author of more than 60 scientific papers on animal behavior. Grandin is a consultant to the livestock industry, where she offers advice on animal behavior, and is also an autism spokesperson.

Grandin is one of the first autistic people to document the insights she gained from her personal experiences with autism. She is a faculty member with Animal Sciences in the College of Agricultural Sciences at Colorado State University.

In 2010, Time 100, an annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world, named her in the "Heroes" category. She was the subject of the Emmy- and Golden Globe-winning biographical film Temple Grandin. Grandin has been an outspoken proponent of autism rights and neurodiversity movements.

Family
Mary Temple Grandin was born in Boston, Massachusetts, into a wealthy family. One of the family's employees was also named Mary, so Grandin was referred to by her middle name, Temple, to avoid confusion. Temple's mother is Anna Eustacia Purves (later Cutler), an actress, singer, and granddaughter of John Coleman Purves (co-inventor of the aviation autopilot). She has a degree in English from Harvard University. Temple's father was Richard McCurdy Grandin, a real estate agent and heir to the largest corporate wheat farm business in the United States at the time, Grandin Farms. Grandin's parents divorced when she was 15, and her mother eventually went on to marry Ben Cutler, a New York saxophonist, in 1965, when Grandin was 18 years old. Grandin's father died in California in 1993.

Grandin has three younger siblings: two sisters and a brother. Grandin has described one of her sisters as being dyslexic. Her younger sister is an artist, her other sister is a sculptor, and her brother is a banker. John Livingston Grandin (Temple's paternal great-grandfather) and his brother William James Grandin were French Huguenots who drilled for oil. John Grandin intended to cut a deal with John D. Rockefeller in a meeting, but the latter kept him waiting so long that he walked out before Rockefeller arrived. The brothers then went into banking, and when Jay Cooke's firm collapsed, they received thousands of acres of undeveloped land in North Dakota as debt collateral. They set up wheat farming in the Red River Valley and housed the workers in dormitories. The town of Grandin, North Dakota, is named after John Livingston Grandin.

Although raised in the Episcopal Church, early on Grandin gave up on a belief in a personal deity or intention in favor of a more scientific perspective.

Diagnosis
Grandin was not formally diagnosed with autism until her adulthood. When she was two, the only formal diagnosis given to her was "brain damage", a finding finally dismissed through cerebral imaging at the University of Utah by the time she turned 63 in 2010. While Grandin was still in her mid-teens, her mother chanced upon a diagnostic checklist for autism. After reviewing the checklist, Grandin's mother hypothesised that Grandin's symptoms were best explained by the disorder. Grandin was later determined to be an autistic savant.

Early childhood
When Grandin was a toddler, the medical advice at the time for a diagnosis like hers was to recommend institutionalization, a measure that caused a bitter rift of opinion between Grandin's parents. Her father was keen to follow this advice, while her mother was strongly opposed to the idea.

Grandin's mother took her to the world's leading special needs researchers at the Boston Children's Hospital, with the hope of finding an alternative to institutionalization. Grandin's mother eventually found a neurologist who suggested a trial of speech therapy. A speech therapist was hired and Grandin received personalized training from the age of two and a half. A nanny was hired when Grandin was aged three to play educational games for hours with her. Grandin started kindergarten in Dedham Country Day School. Her teachers and classmates tried to create an environment to accommodate Grandin's needs and sensitivities.

Grandin considers herself fortunate to have had supportive mentors from elementary school onward. Even so, Grandin states that junior high and high school were the most unpleasant times of her life.

Middle school and high school
Grandin attended Beaver Country Day School from seventh grade to ninth grade. She was expelled at the age of 14 for throwing a book at a schoolmate who had taunted her. Grandin has described herself as the "nerdy kid" whom everyone ridiculed. She has described occasions when she walked down the hallways and her fellow students would taunt her by saying "tape recorder" because of her habit of repetitive speech. Grandin stated in 2012, "I could laugh about it now, but back then it really hurt."

The year after her expulsion, Grandin's parents divorced. Three years later, Grandin's mother married Ben Cutler, a New York saxophonist. At 15 Grandin spent a summer on the Arizona ranch of Ben Cutler's sister, Ann, and this would become a formative experience toward her subsequent career interest.

Several reports and sources cited the different names of the schools Grandin attended: Beaver Country Day School or Cherry Falls Girls' School (the latter named in her first book, Emergence: Labeled Autistic); and Hampshire Country School or Mountain Day School (the latter called by Grandin in the early books). Following her expulsion from Beaver Country Day School, Grandin's mother enrolled her at Hampshire Country School in Rindge, New Hampshire. That school was founded in 1948 by Boston child psychologist, Henry Patey, for the students of "exceptional potential (gifted) that have not been successful in a typical setting". She was accepted there and became Winter Carnival Queen and captain of the hockey team. At HCS, Grandin met William Carlock, a science teacher who had worked for NASA, who became her mentor and helped her significantly toward building up her self-confidence.

It was Carlock who encouraged Grandin to develop her idea to build her squeeze machine when she returned from her aunt's farm in Arizona in her senior year of high school. At the age of 18 when she was still attending Hampshire Country School, with Carlock's and school owner/founder Henry Patey's support, Grandin built the hug box. Carlock's supportive role in Grandin's life continued even after she left Hampshire Country School. As a favor to Henry Patey, the President of the newly founded Franklin Pierce College (5 miles from Hampshire Country School) agreed to accept Temple as a student without the typical records and files of a typical High School student. When Grandin was facing criticism for her hug box at Franklin Pierce College, it was Carlock who suggested that Grandin undertake scientific experiments to evaluate the efficacy of the device. It was his constant guidance to Grandin to refocus the rigid obsessions she experienced with the hug box into a productive assignment that subsequently allowed this study undertaken by Grandin to be widely cited as evidence of Grandin's resourcefulness.

Higher education
After she graduated from Hampshire Country School in 1966, Grandin went on to earn her bachelor's degree in human psychology from Franklin Pierce College in 1970, a master's degree in animal science from Arizona State University in 1975, and a doctoral degree in animal science from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in 1989.

Career
Grandin is a prominent and widely cited proponent for the humane treatment of livestock for slaughter. She is internationally famous as a spokesperson on autism, as well.

Autism spectrum
Steve Silberman, in his book NeuroTribes, wrote that Temple Grandin helped break down years of shame and stigma because she was one of the first adults to publicly disclose that she was autistic. Bernard Rimland, a father of an autistic son and author of the book Infantile Autism, wrote the foreword to Grandin's first book Emergence: Labeled Autistic. Her book was published in 1986. Rimland wrote "Temple's ability to convey to the reader her innermost feelings and fears, coupled with her capacity for explaining mental processes will give the reader an insight into autism that very few have been able to achieve."

In Developing Talents, 2nd Edition, Grandin explores many unnoticed aspects of vocational rehabilitation programs that provide job training and placement for people with disabilities, as well as Social Security Administration programs that offer vocational assistance.

In her later book, Thinking in Pictures, published in 1995, the neurologist Oliver Sacks wrote at the end of the foreword that the book provided "a bridge between our world and hers, and allows us to glimpse into a quite other sort of mind."

In her early writings, Grandin characterized herself as a recovered autistic and, in his foreword, Bernard Rimland used the term recovered autistic individual. In her later writings, she has abandoned this characterization. Steve Silberman wrote, "It became obvious to her, however, that she was not recovered but had learned with great effort to adapt to the social norms of the people around her."

Grandin has said that when her book Thinking in Pictures was published in 1995, she thought that all individuals with autism thought in photographic-specific images the way she did. By the time the expanded edition was published in 2006, she had realized that it had been wrong to presume that every person with autism processed information in the same way she did. In the 2006 edition, she wrote that there were three types of specialized thinking. They were: 1. Visual Thinkers like she is, who think in photographically specific images. 2. Music and Math Thinkers – who think in patterns and may be good at mathematics, chess, and programming computers. 3. Verbal Logic Thinkers – who think in word details, and she noted that their favorite subject may be history.

In one of her later books, The Autistic Brain: Thinking Across the Spectrum, the concept of three different types of thinking by autistic individuals is expanded. This book was published in 2013. An influential book that helped her to develop her concept of pattern thinking was Clara Claiborne Park's book entitled Exiting Nirvana: A Daughter's Life with Autism. It was published in 2001. The Autistic Brain also contains an extensive review of scientific studies that provide evidence that object-visual thinking is different from spatial-visualization abilities.

Grandin became well-known beyond the American autistic community, after being described by Oliver Sacks in the title narrative of his book An Anthropologist on Mars (1995), for which he won a Polk Award. The title is derived from Grandin's characterization of how she feels around neurotypical people. In the mid-1980s Grandin first spoke in public about autism at the request of Ruth C. Sullivan, one of the founders of the Autism Society of America (ASA). Sullivan writes: I first met Temple in the mid-1980s [at the] annual [ASA] conference. Standing on the periphery of the group was a tall young woman who was obviously interested in the discussions. She seemed shy and pleasant, but mostly she just listened. I learned her name was Temple Grandin. It wasn't until later in the week that I realized she was someone with autism. I approached her and asked if she'd be willing to speak at the next year's [ASA] conference. She agreed. The next year Temple first addressed an [ASA] audience. People were standing at least three deep. The audience couldn't get enough of her. Here, for the first time, was someone who could tell us from her own experience, what it was like to be extremely sound sensitive ("like being tied to the rail and the train's coming"). She was asked many questions: "Why does my son do so much spinning?" "Why does he hold his hands to his ears?" "Why doesn't he look at me?" She spoke from her own experience, and her insight was impressive. There were tears in more than one set of eyes that day. Temple quickly became a much sought-after speaker in the autism community.

Based on personal experience, Grandin advocates early intervention to address autism and supportive teachers, who can direct fixations of the child with autism in fruitful directions. She has described her hypersensitivity to noise and other sensory stimuli. She says words are her second language and that she thinks "totally in pictures", using her vast visual memory to translate information into a mental slideshow of images that may be manipulated or correlated. Grandin attributes her success as a humane livestock facility designer to her ability to recall detail, which is a characteristic of her visual memory. Grandin compares her memory to full-length movies in her head, that may be replayed at will, allowing her to notice small details. She also is able to view her memories using slightly different contexts by changing the positions of the lighting and shadows.

As a proponent of neurodiversity, Grandin does not support eliminating autism genes or treating mildly-autistic individuals. However, she believes that autistic children who are severely disabled and nonverbal need therapies "like [ applied behavioral analysis] [...] to function".

In March of every year, Grandin hosts a public event at Boston University. The event was cancelled in March 2020 due to COVID-19.

Handling livestock
In 1980 Grandin published her first two scientific articles on beef cattle behavior during handling: "Livestock Behavior as Related to Handling Facilities Design" in the International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems, Vol. 1, pp. 33–52 and "Observations of Cattle Behavior Applied to the Design of Cattle Handling Facilities", Applied Animal Ethology, Vol. 6, pp. 19–31. She was one of the first scientists to report that animals are sensitive to visual distractions in handling facilities such as shadows, dangling chains, and other environmental details that most people do not notice. When she was awarded her Ph.D. at the University of Illinois, she studied the effects of environmental enrichment on pigs. The title of her dissertation was "Effect of Rearing Environment and Environmental Enrichment on the Behavior and Neural Development in Young Pigs". Grandin expanded her theories in her book, Animals Make Us Human.

In 1993, she edited the first edition of Livestock Handling and Transport. Grandin wrote three chapters and included chapters from contributors from around the world. Subsequent editions of the book were published in 2000, 2007, and 2014. In her academic work as a professor at Colorado State University, her graduate student Bridgett Voisinet conducted one of the early studies that demonstrated that cattle who remained calm during handling had higher weight gains. In 1997, when the paper was published, this was a new concept. The paper is entitled, "Feedlot Cattle with Calm Temperaments Have Higher Average Daily Gains Than Cattle with Excitable Temperaments", published in The Journal of Animal Science, Vol. 75, pp. 892–896.

Another important paper published by Grandin was, "Assessment of Stress During Handling and Transport", Journal of Animal Science, 1997, Vol. 75, pp. 249-257. This paper presented the concept that an animal's previous experiences with handling could have an effect on how it will react to being handled in the future, as a new concept in the animal-handling industry.

A major piece of equipment that Grandin developed was a center track (double rail) conveyor restrainer system for holding cattle during stunning at large beef slaughtering plants. The first system was installed in the mid-1980s for calves and a system for large beef cattle was developed in 1990. This system is used by many large meat companies. It is described in "Double Rail Restrainer Conveyor for Livestock Handling", first published in the Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, Vol. 4, pp. 327–338 in 1988, and "Transferring results of behavioral research to industry to improve animal welfare on the farm, ranch, and slaughter plant", Applied Animal Behavior Science, Vol. 8, pp. 215–228, published in 2003.

Grandin also developed an objective, numerical scoring system for assessing animal welfare at slaughtering plants. The use of this scoring system resulted in significant improvements in animal stunning and handling during slaughter. This work is described in "Objective scoring of animal handling and stunning practices in slaughter plants", Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, Vol. 212, pp. 3–39, "The feasibility of using vocalization scoring as an indicator of poor welfare during slaughter", Applied Animal Behavior Science, Vol. 56, pp. 121–128, and "Effect of animal welfare audits of slaughter plants by a major fast food company on cattle handling and stunning practices", Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, Vol. 216, pp. 848–851.

In 2008, Grandin published Humane Livestock Handling with contributions by Mark Deesing, a long time collaborator with her. The book contains a review of the main aspects of cattle behavior and provides a visual guide in the form of construction plans and diagrams for the implementation of Grandin's ideas relating to humane livestock handling. Many of her contributions to the field of handling livestock and the design of livestock handling systems advocated for in her books are available through her website as well. Grandin helped design animal processing plants at the White Oak Pastures organic farm in Bluffton, Georgia.

Other scientific contributions
Grandin is the author or co-author of more than 60 peer-reviewed scientific papers on a variety of other animal behavior subjects. Some of the other subjects are the effect of hair whorl position on cattle behavior, the influence of stress prior to slaughter upon meat quality, religious slaughter, mothering behavior of beef cows, cattle temperament, and causes of bruising.

Animal welfare
Grandin has lectured widely about her first-hand experiences of the anxiety of feeling threatened by everything in her surroundings, and of being dismissed and feared, which motivates her work in humane livestock handling processes. She studied the behavior of cattle, how they react to ranchers, movements, objects, and light. Grandin then designed curved corrals she adapted with the intention of reducing stress, panic, and injury in animals being led to slaughter. This has proved to be a further point of criticism and controversy among animal activists who have questioned the congruence of a career built on animal slaughter alongside Grandin's claims of compassion and respect for animals. While her designs are widely used throughout the slaughterhouse industry, her claim of compassion for the animals is that because of her autism she can see the animals' reality from their viewpoint, that when she holds an animal's head in her hands as it is being slaughtered, she feels a deep connection to them.

Her business website promotes the improvement of standards for slaughterhouses and livestock farms.

In 2004, Grandin won a "Proggy" award in the "Visionary" category, from People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals.

One of her notable essays about animal welfare is "Animals Are Not Things", in which she posits that technically, animals are property in society, but the law ultimately gives them ethical protections or rights. She compares the properties and rights of owning cattle, versus owning screwdrivers, enumerating how both may be used to serve human purposes in many ways, but when it comes to inflicting pain, there is a vital distinction between such "properties", because legally, a person can smash or grind up a screwdriver, but cannot torture an animal.

Her insight into the minds of cattle has taught her to value the changes in details to which animals are particularly sensitive and to use her visualization skills to design thoughtful and humane animal-handling equipment. She was named a fellow of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers in 2009.

In 2012, when the American beef industry was struggling with public perception of its use and sale of pink slime, Grandin spoke out in support of the food product. She said, "It should be on the market. It should be labeled. We should not be throwing away that much beef."

Grandin's work has attracted the attention of philosophers interested in the moral status of animals. Andy Lamey has argued that while Grandin's method of slaughter is a significant positive development for animals, her attempts to formulate a moral defense of meat-eating have been less successful.

I think using animals for food is an ethical thing to do, but we've got to do it right. We've got to give those animals a decent life, and we've got to give them a painless death. We owe the animals respect.

Personal life
Grandin says that "the part of other people that has emotional relationships is not part of me", and she has neither married nor had children. She later stated that she preferred the science fiction, documentary, and thriller genre of films and television shows to more dramatic or romantic ones. Beyond her work in animal science and welfare and autism rights, her interests include horseback riding, science fiction, movies, and biochemistry.

She has noted in her autobiographical works that autism affects every aspect of her life. Grandin has to wear comfortable clothes to counteract her sensory processing disorder and has structured her lifestyle to avoid sensory overload. She regularly takes antidepressants, but no longer uses her squeeze machine, stating in February 2010 that: "It broke two years ago, and I never got around to fixing it. I'm into hugging people now."

When she was in boarding school, Grandin chose to live a celibate life and, in an interview with The New York Times Magazine in 2013, stated, "Now I'm old enough to where sexual urges are all gone, and it's like, good riddance."

Honors
In 2010, Grandin was named in the Time 100 list of the one hundred most influential people in the world, in the "Heroes" category. In 2011, she received a Double Helix Medal. She has received honorary degrees from many universities including McGill University in Canada (1999), and the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (2009), Carnegie Mellon University in the United States (2012), and Emory University (2016). In 2015, she was named an honorary fellow of the Society for Technical Communication.

In 2011, Grandin was awarded the Ashoka Fellowship. In 2012, Grandin was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame, the Texas Trail of Fame. and the Hall of Great Westerners of the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum. Grandin received a Meritorious Achievement Award from the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) in 2015.

In 2016, Grandin was inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2017, Grandin was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.

In 2023, Grandin was awarded an honorary Doctor of Science degree by Iowa State University and was later awarded an honorary Doctor of Veterinary Medicine from Kansas State University. This recognition is her first DVM.

Media
Grandin has been featured on major media programs, such as Lisa Davis' It's Your Health, ABC's Primetime Live, the Today Show, Larry King Live, and Fresh Air with Terry Gross. She has been written up in Time magazine, People magazine, Discover magazine, Forbes, and The New York Times. She was the subject of the Horizon documentary "The Woman Who Thinks Like a Cow", first broadcast by the BBC on (2006), and Nick News with Linda Ellerbee (2006). She also was the subject of the first episode in the series First Person by Errol Morris.

Grandin is the focus of a semi-biographical HBO film entitled Temple Grandin, starring Claire Danes as Grandin (2010). It was nominated for 15 Primetime Emmy Awards and won seven, including Outstanding Television Movie and Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or Movie for Claire Danes. At the 68th Golden Globe Awards (2011), Claire Danes won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film.

Grandin was featured in Beautiful Minds: A Voyage Into the Brain, a documentary produced in 2006 by Colourfield Tell-A-Vision, a German company. She was named one of 2010's one hundred most influential people in the world by Time magazine. In 2011, she was featured in an episode of the Science documentary series Ingenious Minds. In 2018, Grandin was featured in the documentary This Business of Autism, which explored autism employment and the success story of autism employers such as Spectrum Designs Foundation and was produced by Mesh Omnimedia.

She was featured in Michael Pollan in his book, The Omnivore's Dilemma (2006), in which she discussed the livestock industry. Folk-punk band AJJ, formerly known as Andrew Jackson Jihad, included two songs called "Temple Grandin" and "Temple Grandin Too" on their LP Christmas Island. In 2017, Grandin was the focus of a children's book by author Julia Finlay Mosca titled The Girl Who Thought In Pictures, A Story of Temple Grandin.

In 2018, Grandin was profiled in the book Rescuing Ladybugs by author and animal advocate Jennifer Skiff as a "global hero" for "standing her ground and fighting for change after witnessing the extreme mistreatment of animals" used in farming. In 2023, I am Temple Grandin was added to the children's book series known as "Ordinary People Change the World" by author Brad Meltzer and illustrator Chris Eliopoulos. The show Xavier Riddle and the Secret Museum on PBS, based on this book series, featured Grandin in Season 2, Episode 9 "James Naismith / Temple Grandin."

Books

 * Emergence: Labeled Autistic (with Margaret Scariano, 1986, updated 1991), ISBN 0-446-67182-7
 * The Learning Style of People with Autism: An Autobiography (1995). In Teaching Children with Autism : Strategies to Enhance Communication and Socialization, Kathleen Ann Quill, ISBN 0-8273-6269-2
 * Thinking in Pictures: Other Reports from My Life with Autism (1996) ISBN 0-679-77289-8
 * *Developing Talents: Careers for Individuals with Asperger Syndrome and High-Functioning Autism (2004). ISBN 1-931282-56-0
 * Animals in Translation: Using the Mysteries of Autism to Decode Animal Behavior (with Catherine Johnson, 2005), ISBN 0-7432-4769-8
 * The Unwritten Rules of Social Relationships: Decoding Social Mysteries Through the Unique Perspectives of Autism (with Sean Barron, 2005), ISBN 1-932565-06-X
 * Livestock handling and transport (2007). ISBN 978-1-84593-219-0. CABI, UK.
 * The Way I See It: A Personal Look At Autism And Asperger's (2008), ISBN 9781932565720
 * Animals Make Us Human: Creating the Best life for Animals (with Catherine Johnson, 2009), ISBN 978-0-15-101489-7
 * Improving animal welfare: a practical approach (2010). ISBN 978-1-84593-541-2, CABI, UK
 * The Autistic Brain: Thinking Across the Spectrum (with Richard Panek, 2013), ISBN 978-0-547-63645-0
 * Genetics and the Behavior of Domestic Animals, Second Edition (with Mark Deesing, 2013), ISBN 978-0-12-394586-0
 * Calling All Minds: How to Think and Create Like an Inventor (2018) ISBN 1524738204
 * The Loving Push: How Parents and Professionals Can Help Spectrum Kids Become Successful Adults (with Debra Moore Ph.D., 2016), ISBN 978-1941765203
 * Visual Thinking: The Hidden Gifts of People Who Think in Pictures, Patterns, and Abstractions (2022) ISBN 0593418360
 * Navigating Autism: 9 Mindsets For Helping Kids on the Spectrum (with Debra Moore, Ph.D., 2021). ISBN 978-0393714845

Selected academic works

 * Grandin, T. 1989 (Updated 1999). Behavioral Principles of Livestock Handling. Professional Scientist. December 1989 (pages 1–11).
 * Grandin, T. 1994. Euthanasia and Slaughter of Livestock. Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association. Volume 204:1354-1360.
 * Grandin, T. 1995. Restraint of Livestock. Proceedings: Animal Behaviour Design of Livestock and Poultry Systems International Conference (pages 208–223). Published by: Northeast Regional Agriculture Engineering Service. Cooperative Extension. 152 Riley – Robb Hall, Ithaca, New York, 14853 USA.
 * Grandin, T. 1996. Factors That Impede Animal Movement at Slaughter Plants. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 209 No.4:757-759.
 * Grandin, T. 2001. Cattle vocalizations are associated with handling and equipment problems at beef slaughter plants. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. Volume 71, 2001, Pg. 191–201.
 * Grandin, T. 2013. Making slaughterhouses more humane for cattle, pigs, and sheep. Annual Review of Animal Biosciences. 1:491-512.

title: Temple Grandin


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Alopecia areata

{{Infobox medical condition (new) }}
 * name         = Alopecia areata
 * pronounce    = {{IPAc-en|%|{|l|@|"|p|i:|S|(|i|)|@|_|%|{|r|i|"|A:|t|@}}, also {{IPAc-en|%|{|l|oU|-|,_|-|s|i|@|-|,_|-|"|eI|t|@}}
 * synonyms     = Alopecia Celsi, vitiligo capitis, Jonston's alopecia
 * image        = Allopecia areata.JPG
 * caption      = Alopecia areata seen on the back of the scalp
 * specialty    = Dermatology Immunology
 * symptoms     = Areas of hair loss, usually on the scalp
 * complications =
 * onset        = Childhood
 * duration     =
 * types        =
 * causes       = Autoimmune
 * risks        = Family history, female sex, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, celiac disease
 * diagnosis    =
 * differential = Trichotillomania, alopecia mucinosa, postpartum alopecia
 * prevention   =
 * treatment    = Sunscreen, head coverings to protect from sun and cold
 * medication   = topical minoxidil and triamcinolone injections
 * prognosis    = Does not affect life expectancy
 * frequency    = ~2% (US)
 * deaths       =

Alopecia areata, also known as spot baldness, is a condition in which hair is lost from some or all areas of the body. It often results in a few bald spots on the scalp, each about the size of a coin. Psychological stress and illness are possible factors in bringing on alopecia areata in individuals at risk, but in most cases there is no obvious trigger. People are generally otherwise healthy. In a few cases, all the hair on the scalp is lost (alopecia totalis), or all body hair is lost (alopecia universalis). Hair loss can be permanent, or temporary.

Alopecia areata is believed to be an autoimmune disease resulting from a breach in the immune privilege of the hair follicles. Risk factors include a family history of the condition. Among identical twins, if one is affected, the other has about a 50% chance of also being affected. The underlying mechanism involves failure by the body to recognize its own cells, with subsequent immune-mediated destruction of the hair follicle.

No cure for the condition is known. Some treatments, particularly triamcinolone injections and 5% minoxidil topical creams, are effective in speeding hair regrowth. Sunscreen, head coverings to protect from cold and sun, and glasses, if the eyelashes are missing, are also recommended. In more than 50% of cases of sudden-onset localized "patchy" disease, hair regrows within a year. In patients with only one or two patches, this one-year recovery will occur in up to 80%. However, many people will have more than one episode over the course of a lifetime. In many patients, hair loss and regrowth occurs simultaneously over the course of several years. Among those in whom all body hair is lost, fewer than 10% recover.

About 0.15% of people are affected at any one time, and 2% of people are affected at some point in time. Onset is usually in childhood. Females are affected at higher rates than males.

Signs and symptoms
Typical first symptoms of alopecia areata are small bald patches. The underlying skin is unscarred and looks superficially normal. Although these patches can take many shapes, they are usually round or oval. Alopecia areata most often affects the scalp and beard, but may occur on any part of the body with hair. Different areas of the skin may exhibit hair loss and regrowth at the same time. The disease may also go into remission for a time, or may be permanent. It is common in children.

The area of hair loss may tingle or be mildly painful. The hair tends to fall out over a short period of time, with the loss commonly occurring more on one side of the scalp than the other.

Exclamation point hairs, narrower along the length of the strand closer to the base, producing a characteristic "exclamation point" appearance, are often present. These hairs are very short (3–4 mm), and can be seen surrounding the bald patches.

When healthy hair is pulled out, at most a few should come out, and ripped hair should not be distributed evenly across the tugged portion of the scalp. In cases of alopecia areata, hair tends to pull out more easily along the edge of the patch where the follicles are already being attacked by the body's immune system than away from the patch where they are still healthy.

Nails may have pitting or trachyonychia.

Causes
Alopecia areata is thought to be a systemic autoimmune disorder in which the body attacks its own anagen hair follicles and suppresses or stops hair growth. For example, T cell lymphocytes cluster around affected follicles, causing inflammation and subsequent hair loss. Hair follicles in a normal state are thought to be kept secure from the immune system, a phenomenon called immune privilege. A breach in this immune privilege state is considered as the cause of alopecia areata. A few cases of babies being born with congenital alopecia areata have been reported. It is recognized as a type 1 inflammatory disease.

Alopecia areata is not contagious. It occurs more frequently in people who have affected family members, suggesting heredity may be a factor. Strong evidence of genetic association with increased risk for alopecia areata was found by studying families with two or more affected members. This study identified at least four regions in the genome that are likely to contain these genes. In addition, alopecia areata shares genetic risk factors with other autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and celiac disease. It may be the only manifestation of celiac disease.

Endogenous retinoids metabolic defect is a key part of the pathogenesis of the alopecia areata.

In 2010, a genome-wide association study was completed that identified 129 single nucleotide polymorphisms that were associated with alopecia areata. The genes that were identified include those involved in controlling the activation and proliferation of regulatory T cells, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, interleukin-2, interleukin-2 receptor A, and Eos (also known as Ikaros family zinc finger 4), as well as the human leukocyte antigen. The study also identified two genes, PRDX5 and STX17, that are expressed in the hair follicle.

A psychodermatological connection is noted with impairment in psychiatric comorbidities including mental well-being, self esteem and mental disorders acting as pathogenic triggers for alopecia areata.

Diagnosis
Alopecia areata is usually diagnosed based on clinical features.

Trichoscopy may aid in establishing the diagnosis. In alopecia areata, trichoscopy shows regularly distributed "yellow dots" (hyperkeratotic plugs), small exclamation-mark hairs, and "black dots" (destroyed hairs in the hair follicle opening).

Oftentimes, however, discrete areas of hair loss surrounded by exclamation mark hairs is sufficient for clinical diagnosis of alopecia areata. Sometimes, reddening of the skin, erythema, may also be present in the balding area.

A biopsy is rarely needed to make the diagnosis or aid in the management of alopecia areata. Histologic findings may include peribulbar lymphocytic infiltration resembling a "swarm of bees", a shift in the anagen-to-telogen ratio towards telogen, and dilated follicular infundibulae. Other helpful findings can include pigment incontinence in the hair bulb and follicular stelae. Occasionally, in inactive alopecia areata, no inflammatory infiltrates are found.

Classification
Commonly, alopecia areata involves hair loss in one or more round spots on the scalp. Alopecia areata totalis and universalis are rare.
 * Hair may also be lost more diffusely over the whole scalp, in which case the condition is called diffuse alopecia areata.
 * Alopecia areata monolocularis describes baldness in only one spot. It may occur anywhere on the head.
 * Alopecia areata multilocularis refers to multiple areas of hair loss.
 * Ophiasis refers to hair loss in the shape of a wave at the circumference of the head.
 * The disease may be limited only to the beard, in which case it is called alopecia areata barbae.
 * If the person loses all the hair on the scalp, the disease is then called alopecia areata totalis.
 * If all body hair, including pubic hair, is lost, the diagnosis then becomes alopecia areata universalis.

Treatment
The objective assessment of treatment efficacy is very difficult and spontaneous remission is unpredictable, but if the affected area is patchy, the hair may regrow spontaneously in many cases. None of the existing therapeutic options are curative or preventive. A 2020 systematic review showed greater than 50% hair regrowth in 80.9% of patients treated with 5 mg/mL triamcinolone injections. A Cochrane-style systematic review published in 2019 showed 5% topical minoxidil was more than 8x more associated with >50% hair regrowth at 6 months compared to placebo. In cases of severe hair loss, limited success has been achieved by using the corticosteroid medications clobetasol or fluocinonide as an injection or cream. Application of corticosteroid creams to the affected skin is less effective and takes longer to produce results. Steroid injections are commonly used in sites where the areas of hair loss on the head are small or especially where eyebrow hair has been lost. Whether they are effective is uncertain. Some other medications that have been used are minoxidil, Elocon (mometasone) ointment (steroid cream), irritants (anthralin or topical coal tar), and topical immunotherapy ciclosporin, sometimes in different combinations. Topical corticosteroids frequently fail to enter the skin deeply enough to affect the hair bulbs, which are the treatment target, and small lesions typically also regrow spontaneously. Oral corticosteroids may decrease the hair loss, but only for the period during which they are taken, and these medications can cause serious side effects. No one treatment is effective in all cases, and some individuals may show no response to any treatment.

For more severe cases, studies have shown promising results with the individual use of the immunosuppressant methotrexate or adjunct use with corticosteroids.

When alopecia areata is associated with celiac disease, treatment with a gluten-free diet allows for complete and permanent regrowth of scalp and other body hair in many people, but in others, remissions and recurrences are seen. This improvement is probably due to the normalization of the immune response as a result of gluten withdrawal from the diet.

In June 2022, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized baricitinib, a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, for the treatment of severe alopecia areata.

Ritlecitinib (Litfulo) was approved for medical use in the United States in June 2023.

Fecal matter transplants (FMT) have been shown to reverse AA and support hair growth, with long lasting results, even going as far as growing additional hair on arms and face while grey hairs even regained colour. This supports the idea of a connection between gut microbiota having a part in hair loss.

Hair transplantation may be an alternative for patients with chronic local alopecia areata. The fact that the disease is autoimmune and progresses with relapses is one of the biggest question marks before surgery. There have been case reports in the literature since the early 2000s. However, in an article published long-term follow-up; It is reported that the hair transplanted to the eyebrow area falls out again due to the recurrence of the disease. A similar situation was not mentioned in previous studies on this subject. Perhaps the long-term follow-ups of other studies were not sufficient.

Prognosis
In most cases that begin with a small number of patches of hair loss, hair grows back after a few months to a year. In cases with a greater number of patches, hair can either grow back or progress to alopecia areata totalis or, in rare cases, alopecia areata universalis.

No loss of body function occurs, and the effects of alopecia areata are psychological (loss of self-image due to hair loss), although these can be severe. Loss of hair also means the scalp burns more easily in the sun. Patients may also have aberrant nail formation because keratin forms both hair and nails.

Hair may grow back and then fall out again later. This may not indicate a recurrence of the condition, but rather a natural cycle of growth-and-shedding from a relatively synchronised start; such a pattern will fade over time. Episodes of alopecia areata before puberty predispose to chronic recurrence of the condition.

Alopecia can be the cause of psychological stress. Because hair loss can lead to significant changes in appearance, individuals with it may experience social phobia, anxiety, and depression.

Epidemiology
The condition affects 0.1%–0.2% of the population, with a lifetime risk of 1%-2%, and is more common in females.

Alopecia areata occurs in people who are otherwise healthy and have no other skin disorders. Initial presentation most commonly occurs in the early childhood, late teenage years, or young adulthood, but can happen at any ages. Patients also tend to have a slightly higher incidence of conditions related to the immune system, such as asthma, allergies, atopic dermatitis, and hypothyroidism.

Society and culture
The term alopecia, used by physicians dating back to Hippocrates, originates from the Greek word for fox, "alopex", and was so-named due to fur loss seen in fox mange. "Areata" is derived from the Latin word, "area", meaning a vacant space or patch.

Alopecia areata and alopecia barbae have been identified by some as the biblical condition that is part of the greater  family of skin disorders; the said disorders are purported to being discussed in the Book of Leviticus, chapter 13.

Notable people
Actor Christopher Reeve suffered from the skin condition. NASCAR driver Joey Logano, obstacle athlete Kevin Bull, politicians Peter Dutton and Ayanna Pressley, K-pop singer Peniel Shin of BtoB, actors Anthony Carrigan and Alan Fletcher, and actresses Jada Pinkett Smith, May Calamawy, and Lili Reinhart all have some form of alopecia areata.

Research
Many medications are being studied.

In 2014, preliminary findings showing that oral ruxolitinib, a drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for bone marrow disorder myelofibrosis, restored hair growth in three individuals with long-standing and severe disease.

In March 2020, the US FDA granted breakthrough therapy designation to baricitinib for the systematic treatment of alopecia areata and granted approval in June 2022, with a 32% efficacy rate for people with 50% hair loss reaching 80% scalp coverage in 36 weeks. It acts as an inhibitor of janus kinase (JAK), blocking the subtypes JAK1 and JAK2.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Alopecia areata


text:
List of archaeological sites by country

This is a list of notable archaeological sites sorted by country and territories.

For one sorted by continent and time period, see the list of archaeological sites by continent and age.

Afghanistan

 * Aï Khānum
 * Bagram
 * Buddhas of Bamiyan
 * Hadda
 * Haji Piyada mosque in Balkh
 * Mes Aynak
 * Minarets in Ghazni
 * Mousallah Complex
 * Surkh Kotal
 * Takht-i-rustam
 * Tillya Tepe

Albania

 * Amantia
 * Antigonia
 * Antipatrea (modern Berat)
 * Apollonia
 * Buthrotum
 * Byllis
 * Dimale
 * Epidamnos or Dyrrachium (modern Durrës)
 * Lissos or Lissus (modern Lezhë)
 * Oricum
 * Phoenice (modern Finiq)
 * Scodra (modern Shkodër)

Algeria

 * Aïn Turk, Bouïra
 * Altava
 * Beni Hammad Fort
 * Bir el Ater
 * Cirta
 * Diana Veteranorum
 * Djémila
 * Fossatum Africae
 * Gemellae
 * Ghoufi
 * Oricum
 * Hammam Essalihine
 * Hippo Regius
 * Jedars
 * Lambaesis
 * Mila, Algeria
 * Miliana
 * Partenia
 * Qalʿat ibn Salama
 * Roknia
 * Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania
 * Tassili n'Ajjer
 * Tébessa
 * Timgad
 * Tipaza
 * Uzinaza

Argentina

 * Cueva de las Manos
 * Piedra Museo
 * Pucará de Tilcara
 * Reserva Provincial Castillos de Pincheira
 * Ruins of Quilmes
 * Talampaya National Park
 * Tastil
 * Tolombón
 * Aquihuecó

Armenia

 * Agarak
 * Amberd
 * Aramus
 * Areni-1
 * Argishtikhinili
 * Artaxata
 * Armavir
 * Aruchavank
 * Baghaberd
 * Berdavan Fortress
 * Bjni Fortress
 * Carahunge
 * Dashtadem Fortress
 * Dvin
 * Erebuni Fortress
 * Ertij Fort
 * Garni
 * Godedzor
 * Halidzor Fortress
 * Horom Citadel
 * Kakavaberd
 * Karchaghbyur
 * Khrber
 * Lori Fortress
 * Meghri Fortress
 * Metsamor site
 * Nor Geghi
 * Odzaberd
 * Proshaberd
 * Shengavit (site)
 * Smbataberd
 * Teishebaini
 * Tegher Monastery
 * Ushiberd
 * Vorotnaberd
 * Yererouk
 * Yervandashat
 * Yot Verk Matur
 * Zvartnots Cathedral

Australia

 * Cuddie Springs
 * Murujuga or Burrup Peninsula
 * Ngarrabullgan
 * Keilor archaeological site
 * Sunbury earth rings
 * Kow Swamp Archaeological Site
 * Wurdi Youang
 * Mount William stone axe quarry
 * Balls Head Reserve
 * Cloggs Cave
 * Gabarnmung
 * Kutikina Cave
 * Madjedbebe
 * Mudgegonga rock shelter
 * Warratyi
 * Tarragal Caves

Austria

 * Burgstallkogel (Sulm valley)
 * Sandberg Celtic city
 * Großmugl
 * Carnuntum
 * Vindobona
 * Iuvavum
 * Flavia Solva
 * Virunum
 * Gravesites of Pannonian Avars at Sigleß

Azerbaijan

 * Gobustan Rock Art Cultural Landscape
 * Govurqala, Ağdam
 * Govurqala, Shaki
 * Govurqala, Oguz
 * Govurqala, Nakhchivan
 * Qabala treasures

Bahrain

 * Ain Umm Sujoor
 * Barbar Temple
 * Dilmun Burial Mounds
 * Diraz Temple
 * Khamis Mosque
 * Qal'at al-Bahrain
 * Riffa Fort

Bangladesh

 * Bhitagarh
 * Choto Katra
 * Jagaddala
 * Mahasthangarh
 * Mainamati
 * Mosque City of Bagerhat
 * Noapara-Ishanchandranagar
 * Somapura Mahavihara
 * Sonargaon
 * Wari-Bateshwar ruins

Belgium

 * Neolithic flint mines of Spiennes
 * Veldwezelt-Hezerwater

Belize

 * Altun Ha
 * Baking Pot
 * Cahal Pech
 * Caracol
 * Cerros
 * Colha, Belize
 * Cuello early agricultural site.
 * Lamanai
 * Lubaantun
 * Nim Li Punit
 * Uxbenka
 * Xunantunich

Bolivia

 * Chiripa
 * El Fuerte de Samaipata
 * Isla del Sol
 * Incallajta
 * Iskanwaya
 * Puma Punku
 * Lukurmata
 * Sacambaya River
 * Alcaya
 * Jachaphasa
 * Río Lauca Chullpas
 * Tiahuanaco also known as Tiwanaku

Bosnia and Herzegovina

 * Bijela Tabija
 * Butmir
 * Daorson
 * Delminium
 * Desilo
 * Mile (Visoko)
 * Neolithic site Okolište

Brazil

 * Amazon Stonehenge
 * Kuhikugu
 * Lagoa Santa
 * Pedra Furada sites
 * Serra da Capivara National Park

Bulgaria

 * Abritus
 * Aleksandrovo ancient tomb
 * Aquae Calidae
 * Armira (roman villa)
 * Augusta Trayana (roman ruins of modern Stara Zagora)
 * Bacho Kiro cave
 * Castra Martis
 * Dionysopolis
 * Develtos
 * Diocletianopolis (modern Hisarya)
 * Durankulak lake and island (tell)
 * Ezero (tell)
 * Heraclea Sintica
 * Ivanovo Rock-hewn Churches
 * Kabyle
 * Kaliakra
 * Karanovo (tell)
 * Kozarnika cave
 * Kazanlak Thracian tomb and other notable sites in the region named Valley of the Thracian Rulers:
 * Golyama Arsenalka tomb
 * Griffins tomb
 * Helvetia tomb
 * Ostrusha tomb
 * Seutes III tomb
 * Shushmanets tomb
 * Madara Rider (Madara archeological reserve)
 * Magura Cave
 * Maltepe
 * Marcianopolis
 * Mezek
 * Nesebar
 * Nicopolis ad Istrum
 * Nicopolis ad Nestum
 * Novae
 * Odessus (modern Varna)
 * Oescus
 * Perperikon
 * Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv):
 * Forum
 * Library
 * Odeon
 * Stadium
 * Theater
 * Domus Eirene
 * Gates and walls
 * Great Cathedral Basilica
 * Small Basilica
 * Aqueduct
 * Pistiros
 * Pliska
 * Pomorie Thracian tomb
 * Preslav
 * Serdika (modern Sofia)
 * Church of Saint George, Sofia
 * Serdika amphitheatre
 * Saint Sophia Church, Sofia
 * Serika walls and gates
 * Seuthopolis
 * Silistra Roman Tomb
 * Solnitsata (tell)
 * Sozopol
 * Starosel
 * Storgosia (modern Pleven)
 * Thracian Tomb of Sveshtari
 * Tatul
 * Varna Necropolis
 * Yunatsite (tell)

Burkina Faso

 * Ancient Ferrous Metallurgy Sites of Burkina Faso
 * Ruins of Loropéni

Cambodia

 * Siemreap:
 * Angkor City covers a large portion of Siemreap
 * Ak Yum
 * Angkor Thom
 * Baphuon
 * Bayon
 * Khleangs North
 * Khleangs South
 * Phimeanakas
 * Prasat Suor Prat – 12 towers
 * Preah Palilay
 * Preah Pithu
 * Terrace of the Elephants
 * Terrace of the Leper King
 * Angkor Wat
 * Baksei Chamkrong
 * Banteay Kdei
 * Banteay Samre
 * Banteay Srei
 * Bat Chum
 * Beng Mealea
 * Chau Say Tevoda
 * East Baray
 * East Mebon
 * Kbal Spean – riverbed/underwater carvings
 * Neak Pean
 * Phnom Bakheng
 * Phnom Bok
 * Phnom Kulen
 * Phnom Krom
 * Pre Rup
 * Preah Khan
 * Roluos
 * Bakong
 * Lolei
 * Preah Ko
 * Spean Thma
 * Ta Nei
 * Ta Prohm
 * Ta Som
 * Thommanon
 * West Baray
 * West Mebon
 * Kampong Cham:
 * Banteay Prei Nokor
 * Kampong Thom:
 * Prasat Phum Prasat
 * Sambor Prei Kuk
 * Kandal:
 * Oudong a.k.a. Phnom Preah Reach Top
 * Preah Vihear:
 * Wat Phnom
 * Wat Ounalom
 * Koh Ker
 * Preah Ponlea a.k.a. Palais or Prasat Srot
 * Preah Khan Kompong Svay a.k.a. Preah Bakan
 * Preah Vihear
 * Battambang:
 * Wat Ek Phnom
 * Takeo:
 * Angkor Borei
 * Phnom Chiso

Canada

 * Bluefish Caves
 * Brooman Point Village, Nunavut
 * Debert, Nova Scotia
 * Harrison Hill (Qithyll)
 * Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump
 * Keatley Creek Archaeological Site
 * Kitigaaryuit
 * Kitwanga Fort
 * L'Anse aux Meadows
 * Mantle Site
 * Native Point
 * Ovayok Territorial Park
 * Petroglyph Provincial Park, Nanaimo, BC
 * Petroglyphs Provincial Park, Ontario
 * Pointe-à-Callière, Montréal, QC
 * Secwepemc Museum and Heritage Park (Kamloops BC)
 * SG̱ang Gwaay (Ninstints)
 * Sheguiandah
 * Skedans (Koona, K'uuna Llnagaay)
 * Southwold Earthworks
 * St. Mary Reservoir, Alberta
 * Strathcona Science Provincial Park
 * təmtəmíxʷtən/Belcarra Regional Park
 * Turtle Mountain Provincial Park
 * Wanuskewin Heritage Park
 * Whiteshell Provincial Park
 * X̱á:ytem (Hatzic Rock)

Chile

 * Easter Island:
 * Rano Raraku
 * Orongo Village
 * Monte Verde
 * Fell Cave
 * Pali Aike
 * Pucarás:
 * Quitor
 * Camiña
 * Tulor
 * Chan-Chan

China

 * An Yang
 * Banpo, a Neolithic site
 * Bashidang
 * Chang'an, an ancient capital
 * Chengtoushan
 * Daming Palace National Heritage Park
 * Gallery road
 * Huoluochaideng, city-site with mints and coin-hoards
 * Jiahu
 * Lajia
 * Peking Man, site at Zhoukoudian near Beijing
 * Sanxingdui
 * Terracotta Army, near Xian
 * Tianlongshan Grottoes
 * Museum of the Mausoleum of the Nanyue King, Guangzhou
 * Yinxu

Colombia

 * San Agustín archeological park
 * National Archeological Park of Tierradentro
 * Ciudad Perdida, in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
 * Malagana
 * El Abra, Bogotá. Muisca early animal domestication site
 * Puerto Hormiga archaeological site
 * Villa de Leyva. El Infiernito archaeological site
 * El morro del tulcán

Costa Rica

 * Guayabo

Croatia

 * Aquae Iasae
 * Burnum
 * Monkodonja
 * Narona
 * Nesactium
 * Pula Arena
 * Starčevo culture
 * Stari Grad Plain

Cyprus

 * Antiphonitis
 * Enkomi
 * Idalium
 * Khirokitia
 * Klimonas
 * Kykkos Monastery
 * Notre Dame de Tyre
 * Panagia Apsinthiotissa
 * Paphos
 * Pyla-Kokkinokremnos
 * Salamis

Czech Republic

 * Mladec (Mladeč) – Homo 31.000 years ago
 * Dolni Vestonice settlement

Denmark

 * Aggersborg
 * Fyrkat
 * Klekkende Høj
 * Lindholm Høje
 * Randlev and Hesselbjerg
 * Skuldelev ships

Ecuador

 * Agua Blanca
 * Ingapirca
 * Tumebamba
 * Valdivia
 * Cochasquí

Egypt

 * Amarna
 * Colossi of Memnon
 * Deir el-Medina
 * Deir el-Bahri
 * Edfu
 * Esna
 * Giza
 * Heliopolis
 * Karnak Temple
 * Kom Ombo Temple
 * Luxor Temple
 * Oxyrhynchus
 * Philae
 * Ramesseum
 * Tanis
 * Valley of the Kings
 * Ismailia Canal

El Salvador

 * Cara Sucia
 * Joya de Cerén
 * Quelepa
 * San Andrés
 * Tazumal

Eritrea

 * Gash Group
 * Buya
 * Metera
 * Qohayto
 * Keskese
 * Adulis
 * Mendefera
 * Sembel

Estonia

 * Pulli settlement
 * Rebala

Ethiopia

 * Hadar, Ethiopia
 * Omo remains
 * Mifsas Bahri
 * Bouri Formation

Finland

 * Astuvansalmi
 * Ukonkivi
 * Wolf Cave

France

 * Grotte du Vallonnet
 * Terra Amata
 * Chauvet Cave
 * Lascaux
 * Glanum
 * Glozel
 * Carnac Stones

Georgia

 * Armazi
 * Dmanisi
 * Nokalakevi
 * Vani

Germany

 * Aythra
 * Bedburg-Königshoven
 * Bilzingsleben
 * Hirschlanden
 * Königsaue
 * Pfahlbau Museum Unteruhldingen
 * Federsee

Greece

 * Acharnae, Athens ( Mycenaean tomb)

 * Aegina (Temple of Aphaea, Temple of Zeus), Attica
 * Aigeira, West Greece
 * Aigosthena, Attica
 * Akraiphnion, Central Greece
 * Akrotiri at Santorini, South Aegean
 * Alifeira, West Greece
 * Amphiareion of Oropos, Attica
 * Amphipolis, Central Macedonia
 * Amykles (ancient Amyclae), Peloponnese
 * Anafi, South Aegean
 * Anastasioupolis-Peritheorion, Thrace
 * Anemospilia, Crete
 * Anthidona, Central Greece
 * Antissa, Lesbos, North Aegean
 * Aptera, Crete
 * Archanes – Vathypetro, Crete
 * Argos, Peloponnese
 * Arisbe, Lesbos, North Aegean
 * Armeni, Minoan Tombs, Crete
 * Arta – Ambracia, Epirus
 * Asclepieion of Kos, South Aegean
 * Asea, Peloponnese
 * Asini, Peloponnese
 * Assiros, Central Macedonia
 * Central Athens (Odeon of Herodes Atticus, Acropolis, Kerameikos, Pnyx, Colonus, Areopagus, Kallimarmaro Stadium, Temple of Olympian Zeus, Temple of Hephaestus, Ancient Agora of Athens, Roman Forum, Theatre of Dionysus)
 * Abdera, Thrace, East Macedonia and Thrace
 * Avlida, Central Greece
 * Bassae, Peloponnese
 * Brauron, Attica
 * Calydon, West Greece
 * Cathrea at Kea, South Aegean
 * Cassiope, Corfu, Ionian Islands
 * Cassiope, Epirus
 * Chaeronea, Central Greece
 * Chalcis, Central Greece
 * Chios (Temple of Apollo at Phana), North Aegean
 * Kleonae, Peloponnese
 * Corfu, Ionian Islands
 * Corinth, Peloponnese
 * Cynosura at Salamis, Attica
 * Delium, Central Greece
 * Delphi, Central Greece
 * Delos, South Aegean
 * Dimini, Thessaly
 * Dion, Central Macedonia
 * Dispilio, West Macedonia
 * Dodona, Epirus
 * Dorio, Peloponnese
 * Drapetsona, Athens, Attica
 * Dreros, Crete
 * Dystos, Central Greece
 * Eadion at Salamis, Attica
 * Eani, West Macedonia
 * Edessa, Central Macedonia
 * Eleusis, West Attica
 * Elis, West Greece
 * Elyros, Crete
 * Epitalion, West Greece
 * Eresos, Lesbos, North Aegean
 * Eretria, Central Greece
 * Eretria, Thessaly
 * Ephyra, Epirus
 * Epidaurus (A'Theatre, B'Theatre and Asclepieion Sites), Peloponnese
 * Eupalinian aqueduct of Samos, North Aegean
 * Estavromenou Square, Aigaleo, Athens
 * Evropos, Central Macedonia
 * Figaleia, West Greece
 * Fthiotides Thivae, Thessaly
 * Gioura, Alonissos, Thessaly
 * Gomfoi, Thessaly
 * Goniae, Crete
 * Gortyn, Crete
 * Gournia, Crete
 * Gynaecokastron, Central Macedonia
 * Gythium, Peloponnese
 * Hellenikon, Greek Pyramid in Hellenikon, Athens
 * Hephaestia, Lemnos, North Aegean
 * Hagia Triada, Crete
 * Heraion of Argos, Peloponnese
 * Heraion of Samos, Samos, North Aegean
 * Ialysos at Rhodes, South Aegean
 * Ierapetra and Vasiliki, Crete
 * Isthmia, Peloponnese
 * Ios, South Aegean
 * Itanos and Palekastro, Crete
 * Ithaca, Ionian Islands
 * Ithomi, Peloponnese
 * Kalymnos, South Aegean
 * Kameiros at Rhodes, South Aegean
 * Kallithea (Temple of Ammon Zeus), Central Macedonia
 * Karfi (Karphi), Crete
 * Kastron, Central Greece
 * Kato Choa, Kythira, Attica
 * Kaveirion, Lemnos, North Aegean
 * Kavousi Kastro, Crete
 * Kavousi Vronda, Crete
 * Kechries, Peloponnese
 * Kifissia (Roman Tomb monument near Platanou Square), Athens.
 * Kionia at Tinos, South Aegean
 * Kleitor, West Greece
 * Knossos, Crete
 * Kolchis, Central Macedonia
 * Kos, South Aegean
 * Kydonia, Crete
 * Kyparissia, Peloponnese
 * Lakereia, Thessaly
 * Larissa, Thessaly
 * Lato, Crete
 * Lavrio, Attica
 * Lefkadia, Central Macedonia
 * Lefkandi, Central Greece
 * Lefkopetra, Central Macedonia
 * Lentas, Crete
 * Lepreum, West Greece
 * Lerna, Peloponnese
 * Lindos, Rhodes Island, South Aegean
 * Linos, East Macedonia and Thrace
 * Lissos, Crete
 * Loukous, Herodes Atticus Villa, Peloponnese
 * Lycaeon, Peloponnese
 * Lyctus, Crete
 * Lycosura, Peloponnese
 * Macedonian Tombs at N.Nicomedia, Central Macedonia
 * Magasa, Crete
 * Malia, Crete
 * Mantineia, Peloponnese
 * Marathon (or Marathonas), Attica
 * Maroneia, East Macedonia and Thrace
 * Matala and Kommos, Crete
 * Megalopolis, Peloponnese
 * Megara, Attica
 * Menelaeon, Peloponnese
 * Mesemvria, East Macedonia and Thrace
 * Midea and Dendra, Peloponnese
 * Milos, South Aegean
 * Minia, Kefalonia, Ionian Islands
 * Minoa at Amorgos, South Aegean
 * Mochlos, Crete
 * Monemvasia, Peloponnese
 * Mount Athos
 * Mount Juktas, Crete
 * Mycenae, Peloponnese
 * Myrina, Lesbos, North Aegean
 * Myrtos Pyrgos, Crete
 * Mystras, Peloponnese
 * Mytilene, Lesbos, North Aegean
 * Naousa, Central Macedonia
 * Nape (Temple of Apollo), Lesbos, North Aegean
 * Naupactus and Makyneia, West Greece
 * Naxos (Ancient Naxos and Kouros Sites), South Aegean
 * Necromanteion of Acheron, Epirus
 * Nemea, Peloponnese
 * Nicopolis, Epirus
 * Nymphasia, Peloponnese
 * Oiniades, West Greece
 * Olous, Crete
 * Olympia, West Greece
 * Olynthus, Central Macedonia
 * Orchomenus, Central Greece
 * Orchomenus, Peloponnese
 * Pagasae, Thessaly
 * Palace of Nestor, Peloponnese
 * Palaiopoli at Andros, South Aegean
 * Paleopochora, Kythira, Attica
 * Paleopolis at Kythira, Attica
 * Panormos at Mykonos, South Aegean
 * Paros (Ancient Paros and Delion Sites), South Aegean
 * Partira, Crete
 * Patras, West Greece
 * Pella, Central Macedonia
 * Perachora (Heraion), Peloponnese
 * Perrevia, Leivadi, Thessaly
 * Petrae, West Macedonia
 * Phalasarna, Crete
 * Phanarion, East Macedonia and Thrace
 * Phanariion at Icaria, North Aegean
 * Phaistos, Crete
 * Pharsala, Thessaly
 * Pheneos, Peloponnese
 * Philippi, East Macedonia and Thrace
 * Phourni, Crete
 * Piraeus, Athens
 * Plevrona, West Greece
 * Poseidi, (Temple of Poseidon), Central Macedonia
 * Poliochne, Lemnos, North Aegean
 * Poikilassos, Crete
 * Polyrrinia, Crete
 * Lefkada (city), Lefkada, Ionian Islands
 * Limnea – Amphilochia, West Greece
 * Plataies, Central Greece
 * Poseidonia and Chalandriani at Syros, South Aegean
 * Potidaea, Central Macedonia
 * Praessus, Crete
 * Pydna, Central Macedonia
 * Pylos, Peloponnese
 * Pyrassos – Nea Anchialos, Thessaly
 * Pyrgos, Central Greece
 * Pythagoreion of Samos, Samos, North Aegean
 * Roman Aqueduct of Louros, Epirus
 * Rhamnus, Attica
 * Rhodes (Ancient and Walled City of Rhodes), South Aegean
 * Samikon, West Greece
 * Samothrace Temple complex (Sanctuary of the Great Gods), East Macedonia and Thrace
 * Serres, Central Macedonia
 * Servia, West Macedonia
 * Sesklo, Thessaly
 * Sicyon, Peloponnese
 * Sikinos, South Aegean
 * Sitagroi, East Macedonia and Thrace
 * Skillounta and Iardanos Tombs, West Greece
 * Sounion, Attica
 * Sparta, Peloponnese
 * Spilia, West Greece
 * Stratos, West Greece
 * Stymphalia, Peloponnese
 * Syia, Crete
 * Tanagra, Central Greece
 * Tarra, Crete
 * Tegea, Peloponnese
 * Thasos, East Macedonia and Thrace
 * Thebes, Central Greece
 * Thermon, West Greece
 * Thermopylae, Central Greece
 * Thermos, West Greece
 * Thespiae, Central Greece
 * Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia
 * Thira, South Aegean
 * Thisbe, Central Greece
 * Tiryns, Peloponnese
 * Thermae of Traianopolis, East Macedonia and Thrace
 * Toroni, Central Macedonia
 * Trikke, Thessaly
 * Troezen, Attica
 * Trophoniou Oracle at Livadeia, Central Greece
 * Tylissos, Crete
 * Vapheion, Peloponnese
 * Vanaena, Peloponnese
 * Vergina (Macedonian Tombs complex), Central Macedonia
 * Vistonis, East Macedonia and Thrace
 * Vravrona, Attica Region
 * Vrisa, Lesbos, North Aegean
 * Yrtakina, Crete
 * Zakros, Crete

Guatemala

 * Aguateca
 * La Amelia
 * Balberta
 * El Baúl
 * Bejucal (Mesoamerican site)
 * Bilbao (Mesoamerican site)
 * La Blanca, Peten
 * Cancuén
 * El Chal
 * Chitinamit
 * Chocolá
 * Chojolom
 * Cival
 * Dos Pilas
 * Holmul
 * Holtun
 * Itzan
 * Iximché
 * Ixkun
 * Ixlu
 * Ixtonton
 * Ixtutz
 * La Joyanca
 * Kaminaljuyu
 * Kinal
 * Machaquila
 * El Mirador
 * Mixco Viejo
 * Montana (Mesoamerican site)
 * Monte Alto culture
 * Motul de San José
 * La Muerta
 * Naachtun
 * Nakbe
 * Nakum
 * Naranjo
 * Nebaj
 * Pajaral
 * El Perú (Maya site)
 * El Pilar
 * El Porvenir (Maya site)
 * Punta de Chimino
 * Quiriguá
 * Q'umarkaj
 * Río Azul
 * Sacul, El Petén
 * San Bartolo (Maya site)
 * San Mateo Ixtatán
 * Seibal
 * La Sufricaya
 * Takalik Abaj
 * Tamarindito
 * Tayasal (archaeological site)
 * El Temblor
 * Tikal
 * El Tintal
 * Topoxté
 * Tres Islas
 * Uaxactún
 * Ucanal
 * Ujuxte
 * Witzna
 * Xultún
 * Yaxha
 * Zacpeten
 * Zaculeu
 * Zapote Bobal
 * El Zotz

Honduras

 * Copán
 * El Puente

Hong Kong

 * Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb
 * Stone Circles
 * Wong Tei Tung, Late Palaeolithic

Hungary

 * Aquincum
 * Gorsium
 * Üllő5

India

 * Ajanta Caves
 * Adichanallur
 * Adi Badri, Haryana
 * Attirampakkam
 * Alamgirpur
 * Assandh
 * Ambadevi rock shelters
 * Acheulean, site of Chirki-on-Pravara
 * Adichanallur
 * Aihole
 * Arikamedu
 * Babar Kot
 * Badami
 * Balu, Kaithal
 * Bhagatrav
 * Banawali
 * Bargaon (archaeological site)
 * Bet Dwarka
 * Baror
 * Bairat Temple
 * Barabar Caves, oldest Rock-cut cave of India
 * Bhimbetka
 * Birhana
 * Bodh Gaya
 * Bodh Stupa
 * Burzahom archaeological site
 * Chaneti Buddhist Stupa
 * Chirand
 * Deopahar
 * Daimabad
 * Desalpar Gunthli
 * Doiyang Dhansiri Valley
 * Dholavira, ancient metropolitan city
 * Edakkal Caves, possible influence of Indus Valley Civilization in Kerala
 * Elephanta Caves
 * Ellora Caves
 * Farmana
 * Great Living Chola Temples
 * Gola Dhoro
 * Ganweriwal
 * Hampi
 * Hulas
 * Hastinapur
 * Harsh Ka Tila
 * Iron Pillar of Delhi, pillar without any corrosion standing from 400 AD
 * Jaugada, Mauryan fort site
 * Jognakhera
 * Jorwe
 * Jwalapuram
 * Kalibangan
 * Kanchipuram
 * Kagarol
 * Kaj
 * Kanjetar
 * Karanpura
 * Keezhadi excavation site
 * Khirasara
 * Kuntasi
 * Kerala-no-dhoro
 * Kunal
 * Kharligarh, ancient ruined fort
 * Konark Sun Temple
 * Kumashpur
 * Khujaraho
 * Konark Sun Temple
 * Krimchi temples, Pandava Temples
 * Kulpahar, site of 10th century remains
 * Lothal
 * Nalanda, largest university of ancient time and one of the oldest
 * Mahaballipuram
 * Manda, Jammu
 * Mandi, Uttar Pradesh
 * Masrur Temples
 * Meenakshi Temple
 * Pattadakal
 * Pandu Rajar Dhibi
 * Pattanam (South India)
 * Qutub Minar
 * Rakhigarhi
 * Rock edicts of Khalsi
 * Rewari, site of a large hoard of copper artefacts
 * Sanchi
 * Sisupalgarh, Mauryan fort site
 * Sugh Ancient Mound
 * Sinauli
 * Sujata Stupa
 * Sivasagar
 * Surkotada
 * Thanjavur, important center of South Indian religion, art, and architecture. Most of the Great Living Chola Temples
 * Tiruchirappalli
 * Topra Kalan
 * Unakoti
 * Udayagiri Caves
 * Vaishali
 * Vikramshila
 * keeladi
 * kodumanal

Indonesia

 * Batujaya Archaeological Site
 * Borobudur
 * Bukit Kerang
 * Gunung Padang Megalithic Site
 * Pugung Raharjo
 * Sangiran
 * Trowulan
 * Trinil

Iran

 * *Alamut
 * *Apadana
 * *Arg-é Bam
 * *Bishapur
 * *Blue Mosque, Tabriz
 * *Damghan
 * *Darband Cave
 * *Ecbatana
 * *Firuzabad
 * *Ganj Par
 * *Ganj Dareh
 * *Golestan Palace
 * *Hajji Firuz Tepe
 * *Izadkhvast
 * *Silk Road
 * *Taq-e Bostan
 * *Teppe Hasanlu
 * *Jameh Mosque of Isfahan
 * *Jondi Shapur
 * *Ka'ba-i Zartosht
 * *Kashafrud
 * *Kunji Cave
 * *Masuleh
 * *Meybod
 * *Naqsh-e Rajab
 * *Naqsh-e Rostam
 * *Pasargadae
 * *Persepolis
 * *Qaleh Bozi Caves
 * *Rabat Tepe
 * Shahdad Kerman
 * *Shahr-e Sukhteh
 * *Soltaniyeh
 * *Susa
 * *Takht-i-Suleiman
 * *Warwasi
 * Aamaj Castle
 * Ali Kosh
 * Ali-Sadr Cave
 * Anshan (Persia)
 * Anubanini rock relief
 * Asaak
 * Bābā Jān Tepe
 * Bandar Siraf
 * Bandian Fire Temple
 * Banesh
 * Bardak Siah Palace
 * Barm-e Delak
 * Bastam Citadel
 * Behistun Inscription
 * Bisitun Cave
 * Bit-Istar
 * Boz Dam
 * Chia Jani
 * Chogha Bonut
 * Chogha Golan
 * Chogha Mish
 * Chogha Zanbil
 * Coronation of Ardashir II
 * Darband Cave
 * Darreh Shahr Ancient City
 * Dekhmeh Rawansar
 * Do-Ashkaft Cave
 * Ecbatana
 * Elamite rock relief in Naqsh-e Rostam
 * Eshkaft-e Salman
 * Eshkaft-e Siahoo
 * Essaqwand Rock Tombs
 * Fakhrigah
 * Farhād Tarāsh
 * Ganj Dareh
 * Ganj Par
 * Geoy Tepe
 * Gerdkooh Hills
 * Ghar-e-Pariyan
 * Godin Tepe
 * Great Hagi Jaffar Dam
 * Great Wall of Gorgan
 * Haft Tepe
 * Hajji Firuz Tepe
 * Hilleh Historical Village
 * Huto and Kamarband Caves
 * Istakhr
 * Jiroft
 * Kalahrod
 * Kashafrud
 * Kebar Dam
 * Kelar Mound
 * Khanileh, Kermanshah
 * Kharg Island
 * Khorramabad
 * Khosrow parviz hunting ground
 * Khosrowabad Castle
 * Konar Sandal
 * Kul Tepe Jolfa
 * Kul-e Farah
 * Kurit Dam
 * Marlik
 * Matiene
 * Mount Behistun
 * Mount Khajeh
 * Nakhcheer
 * Naqsh-e Rustam
 * Nishapur
 * Noushijan Tappe
 * Palace of Darius in Susa
 * Paraw Kukherd
 * Pasargadae
 * Persepolis
 * Poshtab Castle
 * Qadamgah (ancient site)
 * Qahqaheh Castle
 * Qaleh Bozi
 * Qiblah Mosque
 * Rab'-e Rashidi
 * Rabat Tepe
 * Sidekan
 * Rahmatabad Mound
 * Saltmen
 * Sang-i Chakmak
 * Sari, Iran
 * Sefid-Ab
 * Shadiyakh
 * Shah Tepe
 * Shahr-e Sukhteh
 * Shir Ashian Tepe
 * Siba Castle
 * Sorkh Deh chamber tomb
 * Statue of Hercules
 * Tabriz
 * Tachara
 * Takht-e Soleymān
 * Tall-i Bakun
 * Tangeh Bolaghi
 * Taq Bostan
 * Taq-e Gara
 * Tawseelah Castle
 * Tehran Plain
 * Temukan
 * Tepe Hissar
 * Tepe Sialk
 * Tepe Yahya
 * Teppe Hasanlu
 * Teppe Zagheh
 * Terenah
 * The Historic Bath of Siba
 * Tureng Tepe
 * Two domes of Kukherd
 * Warwasi
 * Wezmeh
 * Yafteh
 * Yarim Tepe (Iran)
 * Ziwiye hoard

Iraq

 * Kurd Qaburstan
 * Al-Mada'in (Taq-i Kisra's ruins)
 * Al-Qurnah
 * Babylon
 * Baghdad
 * Bakr Awa
 * Ginnig
 * Gird-î Qalrakh
 * Hatra
 * Idu
 * Isin
 * Jarmo
 * Karim-Shehir
 * M'lefaat
 * Mardaman
 * Nemrik 9
 * Nimrud
 * Nineveh
 * Puzrish-Dagan
 * Samarra
 * Shanidar
 * Tell Abada
 * Tell al-Fakhar
 * Tell Bazmusian
 * Tell Begum
 * Tell el-'Oueili
 * Tell Madhur
 * Tell Rashid
 * Tell Shemshara
 * Ur

Republic of Ireland

 * Dowth
 * Grianan of Aileach
 * Hill of Tara
 * Innisfallen Abbey
 * Kilcrea Friary
 * Knowth
 * Monasterboice
 * Newgrange
 * Trim Castle
 * Carrowmore
 * Miosgán Medhbh
 * Skellig Michael

Israel

 * Antipatris
 * Arsuf (Apollonia)
 * Ashkelon
 * Avdat
 * Arbel
 * Atlit fortress
 * Anim
 * Bar'am Synagogue
 * Beit Alpha
 * Beit Guvrin
 * Bethsaida
 * Beth Shean (Scythopolis)
 * Beth She'arim
 * Belvoir Fortress
 * Caesarea Maritima
 * Capernaum
 * Chorazin
 * Ein Hemed
 * Ein Gedi
 * Ekron
 * Et-Tell
 * Gezer
 * Gibeon
 * Hamat Tiberias
 * Haluza
 * Hebron
 * Herodium
 * Hippos
 * Tell es-Sultan (Jericho)
 * Hisham's Palace
 * Jerusalem (Western Wall Tunnel, City of David, Pool of Bethesda, Southern Wall excavations and its Jerusalem pilgrim road and many more in the Old City of Jerusalem and outside the old city...)
 * Khirbat al-Minya
 * Khirbet al-Ra’i
 * Khirbet Kerak
 * Khirbet Qeiyafa
 * Lachish
 * Laura of Euthymius
 * Magdala
 * Mamshit
 * Masada
 * Mount Gerizim
 * Monastery of Martyrius
 * Montfort (castle)
 * Neve David
 * Nahal Me'arot Nature Reserve
 * Qesem Cave
 * Qumran
 * Ramat Rahel
 * Safed
 * Sebastia
 * Shivta
 * Shuqba cave
 * Solomon's Pools
 * Susiya
 * White Mosque (Ramla)
 * Tell Abu Hawam
 * Tel Arad
 * Tell Balata
 * Tel Be'er Sheva
 * Tel Dan
 * Tell el-Hesi
 * Tel Hazor
 * Tel Megiddo
 * Tel Michal
 * Tel Shilo
 * Tel Shikmona
 * Temple Mount
 * Timnah
 * Tomb of Samuel
 * Sepphoris
 * Ubeidiya
 * Yavneh-Yam
 * Yodfat

Italy

 * Agrigento
 * Agrigentum
 * Alba Fucens
 * Amiternum
 * Asti
 * Brescia
 * Calabria
 * Campania
 * Catania
 * Caulonia
 * Corfinium
 * Croton
 * Erice
 * Forum Romanum
 * Forlì – Monte Poggiolo
 * Giardini Naxos
 * Herculaneum
 * Isernia La Pineta
 * Juvanum
 * Lazio
 * Locri
 * Lucus Angitiae
 * Mount Bibele
 * Morgantina
 * Mozia
 * Necropolis of Anghelu Ruju
 * Necropolis of Fossa
 * Necropolis of Li Muri
 * Nola-Croce del Papa
 * Ocriticum
 * Ostia Antica
 * Paestum
 * Palmi
 * Peltuinum
 * Piemonte
 * Pompeii
 * Rome
 * Rhegion
 * Sardinia
 * Saepinum
 * Sassi of Matera
 * Segesta
 * Selinunte
 * Shrine of Hercules Curinus
 * Sibari
 * Sicily
 * Siracusa
 * Suasa
 * Su Nuraxi di Barumini
 * Taormina
 * Tauriana
 * Turin
 * Tusculum
 * Trapani
 * Val Camonica
 * Villa Romana del Casale
 * Veleia, Piacenza

Japan

 * Fukui cave
 * Ichijōdani Asakura Family Historic Ruins
 * Iwajuku
 * Sannai-Maruyama
 * Senpukuji Cave
 * Yoshinogari

Jordan

 * 'Ain Ghazal
 * Jerash
 * Madaba mosaic map
 * Petra
 * Umm Qais
 * Qasr Azraq
 * Ajlun Castle
 * Pella (Tabqet Fahl)
 * Philadelphia (Amman): Roman Amphitheatre and castle
 * Barashta
 * Capitolias (Beit Ras)
 * Irbid (el tal)
 * Umm el-Jimal

Kazakhstan

 * Issyk kurgan
 * Otrar
 * Petrovka settlement
 * Türkistan

Korea

 * Anak Tomb No. 3
 * Bangudae Petroglyphs
 * Igeum-dong

Kyrgyzstan

 * Balasagun
 * Burana
 * Issyk Kul
 * Qoshoy Qorgon
 * Suyab
 * Tash Rabat
 * Uzgen

Kuwait

 * Agarum
 * Bahra 1
 * H3 (Kuwait)

Lebanon

 * Sidon
 * Tyre
 * Aadloun
 * Anjar, Lebanon
 * Aaiha
 * Aammiq
 * Aaqbe
 * Afqa
 * Ain Aata
 * Ain Harcha
 * Akbiyeh
 * Akkar plain foothills
 * Al-Bireh, Rashaya
 * Amioun
 * Amlaq Qatih
 * Anjar, Lebanon
 * Antelias cave
 * Ard Saouda
 * Ard Tlaili
 * Arqa
 * Arsal
 * At Tiri
 * Baalbek
 * Baidar ech Chamout
 * Bakka, Lebanon
 * Batroumine
 * Bechamoun
 * Beit Mery
 * Bodai
 * Canalizations of Zenobia
 * Cardo Decumanus Crossing
 * Colonnaded Street
 * Bustan Birke
 * Dahr El Ahmar
 * Dakoue
 * Darbechtar
 * Deir El Aachayer
 * Deir el Ahmar
 * Dekwaneh
 * Douwara
 * Duris, Lebanon
 * Flaoui
 * Jabal es Saaïdé
 * Jbaa
 * Jdeideh
 * Jebel Aabeby
 * Jeita Grotto
 * Joub Jannine
 * Kafr Zabad
 * Kamid al lawz
 * Kamouh el Hermel
 * Karak Nuh
 * Kaukaba
 * Kefraya
 * Kfar Abida
 * Kfar Qouq
 * Kfar Tebnit
 * Kfarhata
 * Khallet el Hamra
 * Khallet Michte
 * Khirbet El-Knese
 * Ksar Akil
 * Labweh
 * Lake Qaraoun
 * Libbaya
 * Lion Tower
 * Majdal Anjar
 * Mansourieh
 * Maqne
 * Maronite mummies
 * Mayrouba
 * Mdoukha
 * Monastery of Saint Maron
 * Moukhtara
 * Mtaileb
 * Nabi Zair
 * Nachcharini
 * Nahle, Lebanon
 * Neba'a Faour
 * Nebi Safa
 * Niha Bekaa
 * Ourrouar
 * Qaa
 * Qal'at Bustra
 * Qalaat Faqra
 * Qalaat Tannour
 * Qaraoun
 * Qasr Chbib
 * Qasr el Banat, Lebanon
 * Ras al-Ain, Lebanon
 * Ras Baalbek I
 * Ras Beirut
 * Ras El Kelb
 * Rashaya
 * Riha Station
 * Riyaq
 * Rmeileh
 * Sands of Beirut
 * Saraain El Faouqa
 * Sarepta
 * Sawiri, Lebanon
 * Shheem
 * Sidon
 * Sin el Fil
 * Tahun ben Aissa
 * Tayibe (Lebanon)
 * Tell Aalaq
 * Tell Ain Cerif
 * Tell Ain el Meten
 * Tell Ain Ghessali
 * Tell Ain Nfaikh
 * Tell Ain Saouda
 * Tell Ayoub
 * Tell Deir
 * Tell Delhamieh
 * Tell Derzenoun
 * Tell Dibbine
 * Tell Ed Deir
 * Tell El Ghassil
 * Tell el-Burak
 * Tell Hoch Rafqa
 * Tell Jezireh
 * Tell Jisr
 * Tell Karmita
 * Tell Khardane
 * Tell Kirri
 * Tell Mekhada
 * Tell Mureibit
 * Tell Neba'a Chaate
 * Tell Neba'a Litani
 * Tell Qasr Labwe
 * Tell Rasm El Hadeth
 * Tell Rayak
 * Tell Shaikh Hassan al Rai
 * Tell Shamsine
 * Tell Zeitoun
 * Tell Zenoub
 * Temnin el-Foka
 * Temple of Eshmun
 * Toron
 * Tyre Hippodrome
 * Tyre Necropolis
 * Tyre, Lebanon
 * Wadi Koura
 * Wadi Yaroun
 * Yammoune
 * Yanta, Lebanon
 * Ain W Zain
 * Zahlé

Libya

 * Leptis Magna
 * Cyrene
 * Apollonia
 * Sabratha
 * Tripoli Medina
 * Germa
 * Derna Medina
 * Ghadames Medina
 * Benghazi Ottoman Palace
 * Waddan Fortress
 * Tolmeita
 * Knightsbridge War Cemetery
 * Stone art of Tadrart Acacus
 * Giarabub
 * Oea
 * Marmarica
 * Kyrenaika

Malaysia

 * Niah Caves
 * Kota Tampan
 * Lenggong
 * Bujang Valley
 * Sungai Batu

Mali

 * Timbuktu
 * Djenne

Malta

 * Clapham Junction – cart ruts
 * Ġgantija Temples – listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site
 * Ħaġar Qim Temples – listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site
 * Hypogeum of Ħal-Saflieni – prehistoric subterranean structure listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site
 * Mnajdra Temples – listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site
 * Tarxien Temples – listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site
 * Xagħra Stone Circle

Mexico

 * Acaneh
 * Acanmul
 * Achiutla
 * Acozac (archaeological site)
 * Ake
 * Almuchil
 * Altar de los Reyes
 * Altavista petroglyph complex
 * Anayte'
 * El Amparo
 * El Arbolillo
 * El Azuzul
 * Balakbal
 * Balamku
 * Balankanche
 * Balcón de Montezuma
 * Becan
 * Bellote
 * Bolonchén
 * Bonampak
 * Cacaxtla
 * Calakmul
 * Calixtlahuaca
 * Calotmul
 * La Campana (archaeological site)
 * Candelaria Cave
 * Cansacbe
 * Cantona (Mesoamerican site)
 * Cañada de la Virgen
 * Capacha
 * Casa de la Cacica
 * Castillo de Teayo (Mesoamerican site)
 * Cempoala
 * Cenotillo
 * El Cerrito (archaeological site)
 * Cerro de la Estrella (archeological site)
 * Cerro de las Mesas
 * Cerro de las Minas
 * Cerro Juanaqueña
 * Chac II
 * Chacchoben
 * Chacmultun
 * Chactun
 * Chakalal
 * Chakanbakan
 * Chalcatzingo
 * Chalchihuites
 * El Chanal
 * Chiapa de Corzo (Mesoamerican site)
 * Chicanna
 * Chichen Itza
 * Chichmul
 * El Chicozapote
 * Chimalhuacán (archaeological site)
 * Chinikiha
 * Chinkultic
 * Cholula (Mesoamerican site)
 * Chuctiepa
 * Chunchucmil
 * Chunhuhub
 * Chunlimon
 * Chunkunab
 * Chupicuaro
 * Coatetelco
 * Coba
 * Comalcalco
 * Comitan
 * El Conde
 * El Coporo
 * Cozumel
 * El Cuajilote
 * Cuarenta Casas
 * Cuauhtinchan
 * Cuca
 * Cueva de las Jarillas
 * Cueva De Las Ventanas
 * Cueva de Oxtotitlan
 * Cuicuilco
 * Culuba
 * Cutzamala (Mesoamerican site)
 * Cuyuxquihui
 * Dainzú
 * Dzehkabtun
 * Dzekilna
 * Dzibanche
 * Dzibilchaltun
 * Dzibilnocac
 * Dzibiltun
 * Dzilam
 * Dzitbalche
 * Dzula
 * Edzna
 * Ek' Balam
 * El Encanto
 * Etlatongo
 * La Ferreria
 * Flor de Mayo
 * Frightful Cave
 * Gheo-shih
 * Guachimontones
 * Guaquitepec
 * Guiengola
 * Hacienda Hotzuc
 * Halakal
 * Halal
 * Haltunchon
 * Hoboyna
 * Hochop
 * Holactun
 * Hormiguero
 * Hotzuc
 * Huamango
 * Huamelulpan (archaeological site)
 * Huandacareo
 * Huapalcalco
 * Huápoca
 * Huatusco (archaeological site)
 * Hunanhil
 * Huntichmul
 * Huntichmul II
 * Ichkabal
 * Ichmac
 * Ichmul
 * Ichpaatun
 * Ichpich
 * Los Idolos
 * Ihuatzio
 * Ikil (Maya site)
 * Isla de Jaina
 * Isla de Piedras
 * Isla Uaymil
 * Itzamkanac
 * Ixcateopan
 * Ixil
 * Ixtelha
 * Ixtlan del Rio (archaeological site)
 * Izamal
 * Izapa
 * Jolja'
 * Jonuta
 * La Joya
 * Juxtlahuaca
 * Kabah (Maya site)
 * Kana
 * Kanki
 * Kinich
 * Kakmo
 * Kintunich
 * Kantunil Kin
 * Kayal
 * Kiuic
 * Kohunlich
 * Komchen
 * Kukab
 * Kuluba
 * Labna
 * Lacanha
 * Laguna de los Cerros
 * Lambityeco
 * Loltun
 * Las Bocas
 * Las Choapas
 * Las Flores (archaeological site)
 * Las Ranas
 * Malpasito
 * Managua (Maya site)
 * El Manatí
 * Mani
 * La Mar
 * Mario Ancona (Maya site)
 * Matacapan
 * Maxcanu
 * Mayapan
 * El Meco
 * Mesa de Cacahuatenco
 * Miraflores
 * Misantla
 * Mitla
 * Mocu
 * La Mojarra
 * Monte Albán
 * Mopila
 * Moral Reforma
 * Mul chic
 * Muluch Tsekal
 * La Muñeca
 * Muyil
 * Nakaskat
 * Ndaxagua
 * Nicolas Bravo (Maya site)
 * Nocuchich
 * Nohpat
 * Ojo de Agua (Maya site)
 * Okop
 * El Opeño
 * Organera Xochipala
 * Otompan
 * Oxcutzcab
 * Oxkintok
 * Oxlahuntun
 * Oxpemul
 * Oxtankah
 * Oxtotitlán
 * El Pabellon
 * Padre Piedra
 * Palace of Cortés, Cuernavaca
 * Palenque
 * El Palmar (Chiapas)
 * El Palmar (Quintana Roo)
 * El Palmillo
 * Panhale
 * Paquime
 * Paso de la Amada
 * Pechal
 * Peralta (Mesoamerican site)
 * Pestac
 * Piedra Labrada
 * La Pintada (archaeological site)
 * El Pital (Veracruz)
 * Pixoy
 * Plazuelas
 * Pomoná
 * Pomuch
 * Potonchán
 * La Proveedora
 * Punta Sur (Cozumel)
 * Puuc
 * La Quemada
 * Quiahuiztlan
 * El Quirambal
 * Remojadas
 * El Resbalon
 * El Retiro
 * El Rey
 * Río Bec
 * Río Michol
 * Sabacche
 * Sabakalal
 * Sacchana
 * San Andrés (Mesoamerican site)
 * San Claudio (Maya site)
 * Sacnicte
 * San Gervasio (Maya site)
 * San José Mogote
 * San Lorenzo (Campeche)
 * San Lorenzo (Chiapas)
 * San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán
 * San Miguel Ixtapan (archaeological site)
 * San Pablo Huitzo
 * Santa Cecilia Acatitlan
 * Santa Elena (Maya site)
 * Santa Rosa Xtampak
 * Santoton
 * Sayil
 * Sihó
 * Silvituc
 * Simojovel
 * Sisilha
 * La Soledad de Maciel
 * Suchilquitongo (archaeological site)
 * T'Ho
 * El Tabasqueño
 * Tabi
 * El Tajín
 * Tamaulipas early agricultural site.
 * Tancah
 * Tapachula
 * Techoh
 * Tecoaque
 * Telantunich
 * Templo Mayor
 * Tenam Puente
 * Tenam Rosario
 * Tenayuca
 * Tenochtitlan
 * Teopantecuanitlan
 * Teopanzolco
 * Teotenango
 * Teotihuacan
 * Tepatlaxco (Mesoamerican site)
 * Tepcatan
 * Tepeticpac
 * Los Tepoltzis
 * El Tepozteco
 * El Teul
 * Tila
 * Tingambato
 * Tipikal
 * Tizatlan
 * Tlapacoya
 * Tlatelolco
 * Tlatilco
 * Tohcok
 * Tollan
 * Tonalá
 * Toniná
 * Tortuguero (Maya site)
 * Tres Zapotes
 * Tula
 * Tulum
 * Tunkuyi
 * Tututepec
 * Tzendales
 * Tzibanche
 * Tzintzuntzan (Mesoamerican site)
 * Tzocchen
 * Tzum
 * Uaymil
 * Uci (Maya site)
 * Uitzina
 * Ukum
 * La Union
 * Uxmal
 * El Vallecito
 * La Venta
 * Xaltocan
 * Xbalche
 * Xcalumkin
 * Xcambo
 * Xcaret
 * Xcocha
 * Xcochkax
 * Xcoh
 * Xcorralche
 * Xcucsuc
 * Xculoc
 * Xel Ha
 * Xicalango
 * Xkalachetzimin
 * Xkichmook
 * Xkipche
 * Xkombec
 * Xkukican
 * Xlapak
 * Xnucbec
 * Xochicalco
 * Xochipila
 * Xochitecatl
 * Xpujil
 * Xtobo
 * Xul
 * Xupa
 * Yaaxhom
 * Yagul
 * Yakalmai
 * Yalcabakal
 * Yaxche-Xlabpak
 * Yaxchilan
 * Yaxcopoil
 * Yaxuna
 * Yo'okop
 * Yucuita
 * Yula
 * Zaachila
 * El Zapotal
 * Zazacatla
 * Zohapilco

Micronesia

 * Nan Madol
 * Chuuk

Mongolia

 * Khoid Tsenkheriin Agui (Northern Cave of Blue), Paleolithic cave drawings
 * Tsagaan Agui (White Cave), Paleolithic cave drawings
 * Kharakhorum, capital of the Mongolian Empire

Montenegro
See also:Heritage museum Pljevlja
 * Municioium S...

Morocco

 * Lixus
 * Tamuda
 * Volubilis
 * Thamusida
 * Iulia Valentia Banasa
 * Sala Colonia
 * Anfa
 * Msoura
 * Jebel Irhoud
 * Ahl al Oughlam
 * Thymiaterium
 * Taforalt

The Netherlands

 * Hunebed

New Zealand

 * Albert Park tunnels – World War II civilian air raid shelters sealed in 1946
 * Te Wairoa – "The Buried Village", a Maori village buried by volcanic eruption in 1886
 * Wairau Bar – rivermouth site of pre-European Maori settlement
 * Huriawa Peninsula - Te Pa a Te Wera, Reserve, and archeological sites
 * Motutapu Island - Site of many settlements and early Maori manufacturing

North Macedonia

 * Ohrid
 * Stobi
 * Heraclea Lyncestis
 * Vardarski Rid
 * Astibo
 * Bargala
 * Scupi
 * Stibera
 * Viničko Kale
 * Veluška Tumba
 * Tumba Madžari
 * Trebeništa
 * Saint Erasmus, Ohrid
 * Kokino
 * Estipeon
 * Bylazora
 * Bara Tumba
 * Antique Theatre

Norway

 * Borg in Lofoten, Viking Age longhouse site
 * Borre mound cemetery, cemetery from the Merovingian period to the Viking Age
 * Gokstad ship burial
 * Oseberg ship burial
 * Tune ship burial

Pakistan

 * Harappa
 * Mehrgarh
 * Mohenjo-daro
 * Taxila
 * Mankiala
 * Lahore Fort
 * Badshahi Mosque
 * Sialkot Fort
 * Ranikot Fort
 * Takht-i-Bahi
 * Rohtas Fort
 * Kot Diji Fort

Palau

 * Aimeliik Site

Panama

 * Monagrillo

Papua New Guinea

 * Kuk Swamp

Peru
Huaca Huallamarca.jpg

]]

 * Acaray
 * Aspero
 * Bandurria
 * Buena Vista
 * Cahuachi
 * Carajía
 * Caral
 * Chan Chan
 * Chankillo
 * Cerro Sechin
 * Chavín de Huantar
 * Choquequirao
 * Cumbe Mayo
 * Guitarrero Cave
 * Las Haldas
 * Huaca de Coton
 * Huaca de la Luna
 * Huaca dos Cabezas
 * Huaca Huantinamarca
 * Huaca Mateo Salado
 * Huaca Palomino
 * Huaca Prieta
 * Huaca Rajada
 * Huaca Rosada
 * Huaca Santa Catalina
 * Jiskairumoko
 * Kuelap
 * Machu Picchu
 * Mojeque
 * Nazca Lines
 * Ollantaytambo
 * Pachacamac
 * Paracas Candelabra
 * Paramonga
 * Pakatnamú
 * Pikillacta
 * Pikimachay
 * Písac
 * Qollmay
 * Raqch'i
 * Sacsayhuamán
 * Sayhuite
 * Sechin Alto
 * Sechin Bajo
 * Sillustani
 * Sipán
 * Tambo Colorado
 * Tambomachay
 * Túcume
 * Wamanmarka
 * Wanuku Pampa
 * Waqramarka
 * Wari ruins
 * Wari Willka
 * Willkaraqay
 * Willkawayin
 * Wiñay Wayna

Philippines

 * Angono Petroglyphs
 * Banaue Rice Terraces
 * Butuan Archeological Sites
 * Fort Santiago, Manila
 * Fort Pilar, Zamboanga
 * Fort San Pedro, Cebu
 * Intramuros, the Walled City of Manila
 * Kabayan Mummy Burial Caves, Benguet
 * Maranao Settlement of Tugaya
 * Paleolithic Archaeological Sites in the Cagayan Valley
 * Spanish Colonial Fortifications of the Philippines
 * Sagada, Mountain Province
 * Tabon Caves, Palawan

Poland

 * Biskupin Iron Age
 * Giecz Middle Ages
 * Krzemionki Opatowskie Neolith
 * Odry Iron Age
 * Ostrów Lednicki Middle Ages
 * Otalążka near Grójec, possibly cult-related

Portugal

 * Abul
 * Cabeço do Vouga
 * Castro do Vieito
 * Cemitério das Âncoras
 * Muge Mesolithic Shell Middens
 * Tróia
 * Vila Nova de São Pedro
 * Lapedo Child

Qatar

 * Al Da'asa
 * Al Khor Island
 * Jebel Jassassiyeh
 * Murwab
 * Ruwayda
 * Umm Al Maa
 * Wadi Debayan

Romania

 * Acidava (Enoşeşti) – Dacian, Roman
 * Apulon (Piatra Craivii) – Dacian
 * Apulum (Alba Iulia) – Roman, Dacian
 * Argedava (Popeşti) – Dacian, possibly Burebista's court or capital
 * Argidava (Vărădia) – Dacian, Roman
 * Basarabi (Calafat) – Basarabi culture (8th – 7th centuries BC), related to Hallstatt culture
 * Callatis (Mangalia) – Greek colony
 * Capidava – Dacian, Roman
 * Cernavodă – Cernavodă culture, Dacian
 * Coasta lui Damian (Măerişte)
 * Dacian Fortresses of the Orăştie Mountains
 * Drobeta – Roman
 * Giurtelecu Şimleului
 * Histria – Greek colony
 * Lumea Noua (near Alba Iulia) – middle Neolithic to Chalcolithic
 * Măgura Uroiului
 * Napoca (Cluj-Napoca) – Dacian, Roman
 * Peștera cu Oase – the oldest early modern human remains in Europe
 * Porolissum (near Zalău) – Roman
 * Potaissa (Turda) – Roman
 * Sarmizegetusa Regia – Dacian capital
 * Sarmizegetusa Ulpia Traiana – Roman capital of province of Dacia
 * Trophaeum Traiani/Civitas Tropaensium (Adamclisi) – Roman
 * Tomis (Constanţa) – Greek colony
 * Ziridava/Şanţul Mare (Pecica) – Dacian, Pecica culture, 16 archaeological horizons have been distinguished, starting with the Neolithic and ending with the Feudal Age

Russia

 * Arkaim – Proto-Aryans
 * Ignateva Cave – Site of Paleolithic cave painting
 * Ipatovo – Proto-Indo-Europeans
 * Krivoye Lake – Proto-Aryans
 * Ladoga – Vikings/Russians
 * Maykop – Proto-Indo-Europeans
 * Pazyryk – Scythians
 * Phanagoria – Ancient Greeks
 * Sarkel – Khazars
 * Sintashta – Proto-Aryans
 * Tanais – Ancient Greeks
 * Tmutarakan – Greeks/Khazars/Russians
 * Ubsunur Hollow – nomadic tribes such as the Scythians, the Turks and the Huns
 * Veliky Novgorod – Vikings/Russians

Serbia
See also: Archaeological sites in Serbia

 * Čurug
 * Gamzigrad-Felix Romuliana (Zaječar)
 * Horreum Margi (Ćuprija)
 * Justiniana Prima (Caričin Grad) (Mala Kopasnica)
 * Kalemegdan (Belgrade)
 * Lepenski Vir (Donji Milanovac)
 * Mediana (Niš)
 * Naissus (Niš)
 * Petrovaradin Fortress
 * Pločnik
 * Remesiana (Bela Palanka)
 * Risovačka Cave (Aranđelovac)
 * Rudna Glava
 * Singidunum (Belgrade)
 * Sirmium (Sremska Mitrovica)
 * Starčevo
 * Taliata (Donji Milanovac)
 * Taurunum (Zemun)
 * Tašmajdan Park
 * Trajan's Bridge
 * Timacum Minus (Knjaževac)
 * Viminacium (Kostolac)
 * Ulpiana

Saudi Arabia

 * Mada'in Saleh
 * Dumat Al-Jandal
 * Marid Castle
 * Tayma
 * Diriyah
 * Al-Balad, Jeddah
 * Dosariyah
 * Gerrha
 * Pharaonic Tayma inscription
 * Tomb of Eve
 * Qaryat al-Faw
 * Tarout Island
 * Thaj
 * Al-Shuwayḥaṭiyah
 * Al-Ukhdūd
 * Rock Art in the Ha'il Region
 * Al-Rabadha
 * Bir Hima Rock Petroglyphs and Inscriptions
 * Al-'Ula
 * Midian
 * Thee Ain
 * Souk Okaz

Slovakia

 * Category:Archaeological sites in Slovakia

Somalia

 * Surud mountain
 * Gelweyto
 * Laasgeel
 * Maduna

Slovenia

 * Ptuj (Roman city Poetovio)
 * Potok Cave (cave – Neolithic)
 * Ljubljana Marsh (Bronze Age findings)
 * Ljubljana (Roman city Emona)
 * Vrhnika (World's oldest wheel)

South Africa

 * Blombos Cave
 * Border Cave
 * Cango Caves
 * Coopers Cave
 * Duinefontein
 * Gladysvale Cave
 * Hoedjiespunt
 * Kathu Archaeological Sites
 * Klasies River Caves
 * Kromdraai fossil site
 * Makapansgat
 * Mapungubwe
 * Motsetsi
 * Plovers Lake
 * Sterkfontein
 * Swartkrans
 * Sibudu Cave
 * Taung, North West
 * Wonderwerk Cave

Spain

 * Amaya, fortification
 * Arcóbriga
 * Baelo Claudia
 * Bastida de Totana
 * Bilbilis (Augusta Bilbilis)
 * Calafell
 * Cancho Roano
 * Carthago Nova
 * Castulo
 * Cave of Altamira
 * Cave of La Pasiega
 * Caves of Valeron
 * Chao Samartín
 * Dolmen of Menga
 * El Argar
 * El Carambolo
 * El Castillón
 * El Maipés Necropolis
 * Empúries
 * Gavà Prehistoric Mines
 * Italica
 * Lancia
 * Las Cogotas, castro.
 * Las Médulas
 * Los Millares
 * Marroquines Bajos
 * Medina Azahara
 * Monte Bernorio
 * Motilla de Azuer
 * Numancia
 * Olèrdola
 * Painted Cave, Galdar
 * Pancorbo, castillo.
 * Pozo Moro
 * Qart Hadasht
 * Recópolis
 * Salinas Espartinas
 * Talayotic sites
 * Tarraco
 * Tito Bustillo Cave
 * Torralba and Ambrona
 * Turuñuelo
 * Ullastret
 * Villa de la Olmeda
 * Vascos, medīna

Sri Lanka

 * Abhayagiri vihāra
 * Anuradhapura
 * Avukana Buddha statue
 * Belilena
 * Buduruvagala
 * Deegavapi Raja Maha Viharaya
 * Dematamal viharaya
 * Fa Hien Cave
 * Gal Vihara
 * Godavaya
 * Hunugalagala Limestone Cave
 * Kaludiya Pokuna Forest
 * Maligawila
 * Polonnaruwa
 * Rajagala
 * Sigiriya
 * Thanthirimale
 * Waulpane
 * Yudaganawa

Sultanate of Oman

 * Abayah Wadi Suq graves
 * al-Akhdhar settlement and burial area
 * al-Amqat Early and Late Iron Age burial ground
 * al-Batin 1 Late Iron Age burials
 * al-Bustan burial ground
 * al-Feg, Siya, W. Sarin Early and Late Iron Age cemetery
 * al-Jawabi trilith site
 * al-Moyassar multi-period graves, settlement, copper production
 * al-Nejd, Sultanate of Oman Late Iron Age fortified settlement
 * al-Raki settlement and copper production
 * al-Rustaq, al- multi-period settlement and burial area
 * al-Salayli, multi-period burial and metal-producing site
 * al-Saruj Late Iron Age grave
 * al-Shariq 2 trilith site
 * al-Wasit Late Bronze Age settlement and burial area
 * Amla/al-Fuwaydah Pre-Islamic recent period burial ground
 * Bandar Jissa 1 Late Iron Age cemetery
 * Bawshar settlement and burial area
 * Bimmah Early Iron Age settlement and cemetery
 * Hamra Kahf Late Iron Age graves
 * Ibra I052 Late Iron Age fortified settlement
 * Ibri/Selme tombs, Early Iron Age metal hoard
 * Izki settlement and burial area
 * Jebel al-Hammah, trilith site
 * Jebel Sunsunah Late Iron Age fortified settlement
 * Khadhra Bani Daffa Mustagh Late Iron Age cemetery
 * Khor Rori 1st century CE Hadhramaut fortified settlement
 * Lizq fortified mountain Early Iron Age settlement
 * Mahaliya multi-period pre-Islamic cemeteries
 * Muscat Christian burials
 * Muti, Tawi al-Alayah Late Iron Age cemetery
 * Mudhmar Early Iron Age sanctuary
 * Negda Madirah Late Iron Age fortified settlement
 * Qaryat al-Saiḥ Late Iron Age and Muslim period fortified settlement, graves
 * Ras al-Hadd multi-period settlement and burial area
 * Ras al-Jins multi-period settlement and burial area
 * Sabt Saite Early and Late Iron Age graves and fort
 * Samad al-Shan multi-period settlement, cemetery
 * Samail, al-Baruni 1 Pre-Islamic recent period burial
 * Sinaw SNW1 T58 Late Iron Age graves
 * Suhar Early and Late Iron Age settlement and cemeteries
 * Shenah Late Iron Age cemetery, possible trilith
 * Shir Bronze Age burial ground
 * Tiwi tw0002 Late Iron Age fortified settlement
 * ʿUmq al-Rabaḫ Late Iron Age settlement and burial area
 * ʿUqdat al-Bakrah Early Iron Age metal-working site
 * Wadi Sahtan rock art and inscriptions
 * Yanqul multi period burials
 * Yiti Wadi Suq burials

Sweden

 * Adelsö
 * Alby
 * Birka
 * Gamla Uppsala
 * Gene fornby
 * Helgö
 * Sigtuna
 * Uppåkra
 * Valsgärde
 * Vasa (ship)
 * Vendel

Switzerland

 * Augusta Raurica
 * Aventicum (Avenches)
 * La Tène, Iron Age
 * Vindonissa (Windisch)

Syria

 * Al-Rawda
 * Apamea
 * Bosra
 * Chagar Bazar
 * Dibsi Faraj
 * Ebla
 * Halabiye
 * Mari
 * Mureybet
 * Palmyra
 * Qatna
 * Tell Abu Hureyra
 * Tell Arbid
 * Tell Barri
 * Tell Beydar
 * Tell Brak
 * Tell Chuera
 * Tell Fray
 * Tell Halaf
 * Tell Hamoukar
 * Tell Kashkashok
 * Tell Leilan
 * Tell Mozan
 * Ugarit
 * Zalabiye

Tanzania

 * Kilwa Kisiwani
 * Olduvai Gorge

Taiwan

 * Beinan Cultural Park
 * Dulan Site
 * Fengbitou Archaeological Site
 * Huilai Monument Archaeology Park
 * Niumatou Site

Thailand

 * Ban Chiang
 * Ban Non Wat
 * Ayutthaya Historical Park

Tunisia

 * ad-turres (byzacena)
 * Aeliae
 * Aptuca
 * Aquae in Byzacena
 * Aquae Regiae
 * Ausafa
 * Autenti
 * Auzegera
 * Beni Otsmane
 * Bennefa
 * Bir-Abdallah
 * Borj Gourbata
 * Botriana
 * Cabarsussi
 * Carthage
 * Cebarades
 * Chemtou
 * Chusira
 * Crepedula
 * Cufruta
 * Culusi
 * Douela
 * Drâa-Bellouan
 * Dzemda
 * Edistiana
 * Egnatia, Byzacena
 * El Brij, Tunisia
 * El Kenissia
 * El-Haria
 * Eles, Tunisia
 * enfidha
 * Feradi Minus
 * Filaca
 * Foratiana
 * Gratiana, Africa
 * Henchir-Bir-El-Menadla
 * Henchir Chigarnia
 * Henchir-Sidi-Salah
 * Henchir-Boucha

Turkey

 * Aegospotami
 * Aigai (Aeolian)
 * Aizanoi
 * Akalissos
 * Akdamar Island
 * Akhisar
 * Alabanda
 * Alaca Höyük
 * Alahan Monastery
 * Alalakh
 * Alexandria ad Issum
 * Alexandria Troas
 * Alinda (Caria)
 * Alişar Hüyük
 * Allianoi
 * Altıntepe
 * Amida (Roman city)
 * Amorium
 * Amos (ancient city)
 * Amuk, Antakya
 * Amyzon
 * Anastasian Wall
 * Anazarbus
 * Anemurium
 * Ani
 * Antandrus
 * Antigonia (Syria)
 * Antioch
 * Antioch on the Maeander
 * Antioch, Pisidia
 * Antiochia Lamotis
 * Antiochia ad Cragum
 * Antiochia ad Pyramum
 * Antiochia ad Taurum
 * Antiochia, Lydia
 * Antiphellus
 * Apamea (Euphrates)
 * Apamea (Phrygia)
 * Apamea Myrlea
 * Aphrodisias
 * Aphrodisias of Cilicia
 * Apollon Lermenos
 * Apollonia ad Rhyndacum
 * Apollonia (Mysia)
 * Apollonia Salbace
 * Apros
 * Arap Mosque
 * Ariassos
 * Arslantepe
 * Arycanda
 * Arzashkun
 * Arzawa
 * Aspendos
 * Assos
 * Atarneus
 * Attalia
 * Attuda
 * Aytap
 * Basilinopolis
 * Balboura
 * Beşparmak Mountains
 * Beycesultan
 * Blaundos
 * Bybassios
 * Cape Gelidonya
 * Carchemish
 * Cardia (Thrace)
 * Caryanda
 * Cebrene
 * Celaenae
 * Cennet and Cehennem
 * Ceramus
 * Chalcedon
 * Cius
 * Claudiopolis
 * Claros
 * Cleopatra's Gate
 * Colophon (city)
 * Colossae
 * Comana (Cappadocia)
 * Comana Pontica
 * Coracesium
 * Corycus
 * Cremna, Pisidia
 * Cyrrhus, Turkey
 * Cyaneae
 * Cyme (Aeolis)
 * Cyzicus
 * Çatalhöyük Neolithic
 * Çayönü
 * Derbe
 * Digda
 * Didyma
 * Diokaisarea
 * Docimium
 * Doliche Gaziantep
 * Dolichiste
 * Domuztepe
 * Dorylaeum
 * Drusipara
 * Edessa, Mesopotamia
 * Eflatun Pınar
 * Ephesus
 * Elaiussa Sebaste
 * Emirdağ
 * Epiphania, Cilicia
 * Erythrae
 * Euchaita
 * Eumeneia
 * Euromus
 * Faustinopolis
 * Gagae
 * Gambrion
 * Gangra
 * Germanicia Caesarea
 * Germanicopolis (Bithynia)
 * Göbekli Tepe PPN A
 * Gözlükule
 * Gordium
 * Gümüşler Monastery
 * Gryneion
 * Hacilar
 * Halicarnassus
 * Hamaxitus
 * Harran
 * Hasankeyf
 * Hattusa
 * Herakleia Salbace
 * Hierapolis
 * Hirbemerdon Tepe
 * House of the Virgin Mary
 * Hoşap Castle
 * Hüseyindede Tepe
 * Iasos
 * Idyma
 * Ibora
 * Iopolis
 * Irenopolis
 * Isinda
 * Ivriz
 * Hattusa
 * Heraclea Cybistra
 * Kadirli
 * Kaman-Kalehöyük
 * Karahan Tepe
 * Karaman
 * Karatepe
 * Kaunos
 * Kayaköy
 * Kelenderis
 * Kemalpaşa
 * Kerkenes
 * Kestel
 * Kibyra (Cibyra)
 * Kizzuwatna
 * Klazomenai
 * Knidos
 * Koloneia in Cappadocia
 * Korydalla
 * Kussara
 * Kültepe
 * Kuşaklı
 * Kuştul Monastery
 * Labraunda
 * Lagina
 * Laodicea Combusta
 * Laodicea on the Lycus
 * Lebedus
 * Letoon
 * Libyssa
 * Limantepe
 * Limyra
 * Loryma
 * Lystra
 * Lysimachia (Thrace)
 * Magnesia on the Maeander
 * Mallus
 * Mamure Castle
 * Metropolis (Anatolia)
 * Miletus
 * Mokissos
 * Mopsuestia
 * Mount Chimaera
 * Mount Nemrut
 * Myndus
 * Myra
 * Myriandus
 * Myus
 * Nagidos
 * Nerik
 * Nevali Cori PPN A
 * Nicomedeia
 * Nicopolis (Pontus)
 * Notion (ancient city)
 * Nysa (Caria)
 * Nyssa (Cappadocia)
 * Olba (ancient city)
 * Olympos
 * Oenoanda
 * Orestias
 * Panionium
 * Patara
 * Pednelissus, Pisidia
 * Pepuza
 * Perga
 * Pergamon
 * Perperene
 * Pessinus
 * Phaselis
 * Phellus
 * Phocaea
 * Pinara
 * Pınarbaşı Gölü
 * Pitane (Aeolis)
 * Podalia
 * Pompeiopolis
 * Priene
 * Purushanda
 * Rhodiopolis
 * Rhosus
 * Rusahinili
 * Sagalassos
 * Sakçagözü
 * Salatiwara
 * Salmydessos
 * Sam'al
 * Samosata
 * Samuha
 * Sapinuwa
 * Sardis
 * Sareisa
 * Seleucia (Pamphylia)
 * Seleucia Pieria
 * Seleucia Sidera
 * Selge, Pisidia
 * Sesamos, Amestris
 * Sestos
 * Severan Bridge
 * Side
 * Sigeion
 * Sillyon
 * Simena
 * Sidyma
 * Skepsis
 * Smyrna
 * Soğmatar
 * Soli, Cilicia
 * Sozopolis, Pisidia
 * St. Nicholas Island
 * Stratonicea (Caria)
 * Stratonicea (Lydia)
 * Sugunia
 * Sulusaray
 * Sultantepe
 * Sümela Monastery
 * Syedra
 * Tabae
 * Tarsus, Mersin
 * Tavium
 * Tell Tayinat
 * Telmessos
 * Temnos
 * Teos
 * Termessos
 * Thyatira
 * Tille
 * Tlos
 * Toprakkale
 * Tralleis
 * Tripolis (Phrygia)
 * Trocmades
 * Troy Neolithic to Byzantine
 * Trysa
 * Tushhan
 * Tushpa
 * Tyana
 * Tymbrianassus
 * Tymion
 * Great Mosque of Diyarbakır (Diyarbakır Ulu Camii)
 * Van Fortress
 * Xanthos
 * Yazılıkaya
 * Yenikapı
 * Yeşilova Höyük
 * Yumuktepe
 * Zaliches
 * Zelitis
 * Zeugma
 * Zincirli
 * Andriake Synagogue

Turkmenistan

 * Altyndepe
 * Anau-depe
 * Berdysyčran-depe
 * Gonur Tepe
 * Jeitun
 * Merv
 * Monjukli Depe
 * Namazga-Tepe
 * Togolok
 * Ulug Depe
 * Yaz-depe

Ukraine

 * Berezan Island
 * Bilche Zolote
 * Chersonesos
 * Maydanets
 * Nymphaion
 * Olbia
 * Panticapaeum
 * Shypyntsi
 * Talianki
 * Trypillia

United Arab Emirates

 * Al-Ashoosh
 * Al Madam
 * Al Sufouh
 * Bidaa bint Saud
 * Bithnah
 * Ed-Dur
 * Hili
 * Jebel Buhais
 * Jebel Faya
 * Jebel Hafeet
 * Jumayra
 * Kalba
 * Masafi
 * Mleiha
 * Muweilah
 * Qattara Oasis
 * Rumailah
 * Saruq Al Hadid
 * Seih Al Harf
 * Shimal
 * Tell Abraq
 * Thuqeibah
 * Umm Al-Nar

United Kingdom

 * Arras
 * Avebury
 * Bignor
 * Burton Fleming
 * Caerleon
 * Callanish
 * Calleva Atrebatum
 * Castell Henllys
 * Chedworth Roman Villa
 * Chew Stoke
 * Chysauster Ancient Village
 * Cladh Hallan
 * Dan y Coed
 * Danebury
 * Danes Graves
 * Duggleby Howe
 * Eildon Hill
 * Emain Macha
 * Fishbourne
 * Flag Fen
 * Fountains Abbey
 * Gough's Cave
 * Grimes Graves
 * Hadrian's Wall
 * Hen Domen
 * Herscha Hill
 * Inchmarnock
 * Ironbridge
 * Jorvik Viking Centre
 * Kirkstall Abbey
 * Little Woodbury
 * Lullingstone
 * Maeshowe
 * Maiden Castle, Dorset
 * Mine Howe
 * Mother Grundy's Parlour
 * Nempnett Thrubwell
 * Newbridge chariot, Edinburgh
 * Normanton Down
 * Paviland Cave
 * Perceton, North Ayrshire, Medieval Manor
 * Pixie's Hole
 * Quanterness
 * Ring of Brodgar
 * Seahenge
 * Silbury Hill
 * Silchester
 * Skara Brae
 * Stanton Drew
 * Star Carr
 * Stonehenge
 * Sutton Hoo
 * Trelech
 * Trimontium
 * Ulva
 * Verreville Glass and Pottery Works, Glasgow
 * Verulamium
 * Vindolanda
 * Wetwang Slack
 * Windmill Hill
 * Woodhenge
 * Wroxeter
 * Yeavering
 * York

England
Archaeological sites in England

Scotland
Archaeological sites in Scotland

Wales
Archaeological sites in Wales

United States
See also:, List of Mississippian sites, List of Hopewell sites

 * Accokeek Creek
 * Angel Mounds
 * Aztalan
 * Barton Gulch
 * Brunswick Town Historic District
 * Blackwater Draw
 * Blood Run Site
 * Blythe Intaglios
 * Bottle Creek Indian Mounds
 * Burton Mound
 * Caddo Mounds
 * Cahawba
 * Cahokia
 * Calico Early Man Site
 * Casa Grande
 * Castle Hill in Sitka, Alaska
 * Center for American Archeology, Koster Site
 * Chaco Canyon
 * Chucalissa, in Memphis, TN
 * Clary Ranch
 * Crystal River in Crystal River, Florida
 * Effigy Mounds National Monument
 * El Cuartelejo
 * Etowah Mounds
 * Etzanoa
 * Ganondagan State Historic Site
 * Gault site
 * Grand Village of the Illinois
 * Grand Village of the Natchez
 * Grave Creek Mound
 * Gungywamp in Groton, Connecticut
 * Gunston Hall
 * Mound City Group
 * Hovenweep
 * Jamestown, Virginia
 * Jeffers Petroglyphs, Minnesota
 * Kincaid Mounds State Historic Site
 * Knife River Indian Villages
 * LSU Campus Mounds
 * Lubbock Lake Landmark
 * Meadowcroft Rockshelter
 * Mesa Verde
 * Miami Circle
 * Minong Mine Historic District
 * Mitchell Site
 * Mound Key
 * Moundville
 * Mountain Lake Site, Minnesota
 * Newark Earthworks
 * Nocoroco
 * Ocmulgee Mounds
 * Osage Village
 * Ozette
 * Parkin site
 * Pecos Pueblo
 * Poverty Point
 * Pueblo Grande Ruin and Irrigation Sites
 * Pueblo Grande de Nevada
 * Pumpkin Creek Site
 * Sacred Ridge
 * Serpent Mound
 * Snaketown
 * Slack Farm
 * Spiro Mounds
 * St. Mary's City, Maryland
 * Tibes Indigenous Ceremonial Center, in Ponce, Puerto Rico
 * Toltec Mounds
 * Topper site in Allendale, South Carolina
 * Town Creek Indian Mound
 * Troyville Earthworks
 * Watson Brake
 * Wickliffe Mounds
 * Windover site
 * Williamsburg
 * Whydah Gally, site of extensive underwater archaeology
 * Winterville site

Uzbekistan

 * Bukhara
 * Samarkand

Yemen

 * Ma'rib Capital of the Sabaean empire
 * Zafar Capital of the Himyarite empire

Zimbabwe

 * Great Zimbabwe
 * Ziwa
 * Matopos

title: List of archaeological sites by country