text:
List of years in film

This page indexes the individual year in film pages. Each year is annotated with its significant events.

 * 19th century in film
 * 20th century in film:
 * 1900s – 1910s – 1920s – 1930s – 1940s – 1950s – 1960s – 1970s – 1980s – 1990s
 * 21st century in film:
 * 2000s – 2010s – 2020s

19th century in film
Before Muybridge's 1878 work, photo sequences were not recorded in real-time because light-sensitive emulsions needed a long exposure time. The sequences were basically made as time-lapse recordings. It is possible that people at the time actually viewed such photographs come to life with a phénakisticope or zoetrope (this certainly happened with Muybridge's work).

 * 1826 – View from the Window at Le Gras, Nicéphore Niépce takes the oldest known extant photograph.
 * 1833 – Since 1833 onwards, 'animated films' or rather animated effects began to be made with the use of phénakisticopes, zoetropes, and praxinoscopes.
 * 1865 – Revolving, self-portrait by French photographer Nadar. Around 1865 he produced this series of self-portraits consisting of 12 frames showing different angles of him sitting still in a chair. Except for a smile in 1 frame, not even a fold in his jacket or a single hair seems to change between the different angles. The portrait could be regarded as a predecessor to the chronophotography which Marey and Muybridge started to experiment with more than 10 years later. As the sequence revolves around space rather than time it is even more related to the bullet-time effect popularized by The Matrix about 135 years later. There is no clue if more than one camera was used in the shoot, but it is certainly well-executed.

1870s

 * 1874 – Passage de Vénus, first precedent of a film; On December 9, 1874, French astronomer Pierre Janssen and Brazilian engineer Francisco Antônio de Almeida using Janssen's 'photographic revolver' photograph the transit of the planet Venus across the Sun. They were purportedly taken in Japan. It is the oldest film on IMDb.
 * 1878 –
 * The Horse in Motion; British photographer Eadweard Muybridge took a series of "automatic electro-photographs" depicting the movement of a horse. He shot the photographs in June 1878. An additional card reprinted the single image of the horse "Occident" trotting at high speed, which had previously been published by Muybridge in 1877. The most famous of these electro-photographs is "Sallie Gardner" taken on June 19, 1878. Railroad tycoon Leland Stanford hired Muybridge to settle the questions of whether a galloping horse ever has all four of its feet off the ground. Muybridge's photos showed the horse with all four feet off the ground. He went on a lecture tour showing his photographs on a moving-image device he called the zoopraxiscope.
 * Le singe musicien, first animated movie using the praxinoscope

1880s

 * 1885 – American inventors George Eastman and Hannibal Goodwin each invented a sensitized celluloid base roll photographic film to replace the glass plates then in use. L'homme Machine, was directed by French scientist Étienne-Jules Marey; it is the oldest black and white animated known film.
 * 1886 – Alice Guy Blache created "La Fee aux Chou", also knowns as "the Fairy of the Cabbages", in France. Although many other films are seen as being the first moments of 'movie magic,' this film stands out as the first.
 * 1886 – Louis Le Prince was granted an American dual-patent for a 16-lens device which combines a motion picture camera with a projector.
 * 1887 – Man Walking Around a Corner, directed by French inventor Louis Le Prince; It is the oldest known film. Although according to David Wilkinson's 2015 documentary The First Film it is not film, but a series of photographs, 16 in all, each taken from one of the lens from Le Prince's camera. Pictures from the film were sent in a letter dated August 18, 1887 to his wife. Le Prince later developed the one lens camera and on October 14, 1888 he finally made the world's first moving image, Roundhay Garden Scene.
 * 1888 – Roundhay Garden Scene, the earliest surviving film by French inventor Louis Le Prince, is shot in Leeds, West Yorkshire in England with a groundbreaking 20 frames per second. Other short films made at the same time were Accordion Player and Traffic Crossing Leeds Bridge.
 * 1889 – Eastman Kodak is the first company to begin commercial production of film on a flexible transparent base, celluloid.

1890s

 * 1891 – Dickson Greeting; Men Boxing; Newark Athlete
 * 1892 – Le Clown et ses chiens; Pauvre Pierrot; Un bon bock, first projected animated films released by Émile Reynaud
 * 1893 – Blacksmiths, the first film shown publicly on the Kinetoscope, a system given to Edison; Thomas Edison created "America's First Film Studio", Black Maria.
 * 1894 –
 * Carmencita was made. According to film historian Charles Musser the first woman to appear in front of an Edison motion picture camera was in the film. She may have been the first woman to appear in a motion picture in the United States. It was directed and produced by William K.L. Dickson, who was the Scottish inventor credited with the invention of the motion picture camera under the employ of Edison.
 * The Dickson Experimental Sound Film made by William Dickson in late 1894 or early 1895 is the first known film with live-recorded sound and appears to be the first motion picture made for the Kinetophone, the proto-sound-film system developed by Dickson and Edison.
 * 1895 – In Paris on December 28, 1895, the Lumière brothers screen ten films at the Salon Indien du Grand Café in Paris making the first commercial public screening ever made, marked traditionally as the birth date of the film. Gaumont Film Company, the oldest ever film studio, was founded by inventor Léon Gaumont.
 * 1896 – L'Arrivée d'un train en gare de La Ciotat, one of the six more short films released by the Lumière brothers; Pathé-Frères is founded; Le Manoir du diable (The Haunted Castle) is a French short silent film directed by Georges Méliès which depicts a pantomimed sketch in the style of a theatrical comic fantasy.
 * 1897 – Vitagraph is founded in New York City
 * 1898 –The Astronomer's Dream; The Cavalier's Dream; Photographing a Ghost; Santa Claus
 * 1898  – Shinin No Sosei and Bake Jizo were made by Ejiro Hatta, some of the first films in Japan which were ghost stories. Salvador Toscano created the film, "Don Juan Tenorio", which is considered one of the first films in Mexico and perhaps the first fictional film in Mexico, as South America as a continent focuses on making documentaries in its early film history.
 * 1898  – Hiralal Sen was inspired and filmed the "Flower of Persia" play.
 * 1899 – The Dreyfus Affair and Cendrillon (first screen adaptation of the traditional fairy tale Cinderella) was released by Georges Méliès; earliest known use of a color motion picture film footage by Edward Raymond Turner

1900s

 * 1900 – Sherlock Holmes Baffled, Joan of Arc
 * 1901 – Blue Beard, Star Theatre, Stop Thief!, Scrooge, or, Marley's Ghost
 * 1902 – A Trip to the Moon, The Coronation of Edward VII
 * 1903 – The Great Train Robbery, The Infernal Cauldron, Life of an American Fireman, Electrocuting an Elephant, The Kingdom of the Fairies
 * 1904 – The Impossible Voyage; Titanus was founded
 * 1905 – Adventures of Sherlock Holmes; or, Held for Ransom
 * 1906 – The Story of the Kelly Gang, The Merry Frolics of Satan, The '?' Motorist, Dream of a Rarebit Fiend, Humorous Phases of Funny Faces; Nordisk Film was founded
 * 1907 – That Fatal Sneeze, Ben-Hur, The Eclipse, or the Courtship of the Sun and Moon, L'Enfant prodigue
 * 1908 – Fantasmagorie, The Taming of the Shrew, The Thieving Hand, The Assassination of the Duke of Guise, The Adventures of Dollie; Pathé News invented the newsreel
 * 1909 – The Country Doctor, A Corner in Wheat, Princess Nicotine; or, The Smoke Fairy, Les Misérables; 35 mm film becomes a filmmaking standard across the world; first public screening of Kinemacolor

1910s

 * 1910 – Frankenstein, In Old California, In the Border States, Jean the Match-Maker, White Fawn's Devotion
 * 1911 – L'Inferno, Baron Munchausen's Dream, Defence of Sevastopol, The Lonedale Operator
 * 1912 – The Cameraman's Revenge, Falling Leaves, Independenţa României, The Musketeers of Pig Alley, Richard III; Universal Pictures and Paramount Pictures, Hollywood's two oldest major film studios, was founded, the British Board of Film Classification was established
 * 1913 – The Bangville Police, Fantômas, Barney Oldfield's Race for a Life, Raja Harishchandra, The Student Of Prague, invention of the film trailer
 * 1914 – The Perils of Pauline, Tillie's Punctured Romance, Judith of Bethulia, Gertie the Dinosaur
 * 1915 – The Birth of a Nation, The Tramp, Les Vampires, The Cheat
 * 1916 – Intolerance, 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, Judex, invention of Technicolor
 * 1917 – Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, A Man There Was, The Immigrant
 * 1918 – The Outlaw and His Wife, Stella Maris, Mickey, Shifting Sands, Shoulder Arms
 * 1919 – Blind Husbands, Broken Blossoms, True Heart Susie, Dalagang Bukid, Male and Female, Wagon Tracks, United Artists was founded

1920s

 * 1920 – The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, Way Down East, The Penalty, The Mark of Zorro, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, The Golem: How He Came into the World, Within Our Gates
 * 1921 – The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, The Kid, The Phantom Carriage, Fool's Paradise, The Sheik, The Mechanical Man , Destiny, The Three Musketeers
 * 1922 – Nosferatu, Foolish Wives, The Little Rascals, Blood and Sand, Nanook of the North, Douglas Fairbanks in Robin Hood, Sherlock Holmes, Dr. Mabuse the Gambler; the Motion Picture Association of America was established
 * 1923 – Safety Last!, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, The Ten Commandments, Warner Bros. Pictures and Walt Disney Pictures were founded, 16 mm film was introduced
 * 1924 – The Thief of Bagdad, Greed, The Hands Of Orlac, Sherlock Jr., The Last Laugh, He Who Gets Slapped, Die Nibelungen,Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Columbia Pictures were founded
 * 1925 – The Gold Rush, The Battleship Potemkin, The Big Parade, The Phantom of the Opera, Ben-Hur, The Lost World, The Pleasure Garden
 * 1926 – The General, Don Juan, The Black Pirate, Faust
 * 1927 – The Jazz Singer, Metropolis, Wings, Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans, Napoléon, The King of Kings
 * 1928 – The Man Who Laughs, Mickey Mouse, Lights of New York, The Circus, The Singing Fool, In Old Arizona, RKO Pictures was founded
 * 1929 – Blackmail, Un Chien Andalou, Pandora's Box, Man with a Movie Camera, The Broadway Melody, Disraeli, The Virginian; 1st Academy Awards

1930s

 * 1930 – Looney Tunes, King of Jazz, All Quiet on the Western Front, Earth, Journey's End, The Blue Angel, The Bat Whispers, Murder!, Animal Crackers, Hell's Angels, The Big House, The Big Trail
 * 1931 – Frankenstein, Dracula, The Champ, The Public Enemy, Little Caesar, Cimarron, M, City Lights, The Front Page, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
 * 1932 – Shanghai Express, Scarface, Tarzan the Ape Man, The Mummy, Freaks, The Music Box, Trouble in Paradise, The Sign of the Cross, Grand Hotel, 8mm film was introduced
 * 1933 – King Kong, Gold Diggers of 1933, The Invisible Man, 42nd Street, Duck Soup, Sons of the Desert, She Done Him Wrong
 * 1934 – L'Atalante, It Happened One Night, The Thin Man, Cleopatra, The Goddess, Imitation of Life, Manhattan Melodrama, The Black Cat, Bright Eyes
 * 1935 – A Night at the Opera, Bride of Frankenstein, The 39 Steps, Top Hat, Mutiny on the Bounty, 20th Century Fox and The Rank Organisation was founded
 * 1936 – Modern Times, Swing Time, Mr. Deeds Goes to Town, Flash Gordon, My Man Godfrey, The Great Ziegfeld, Come and Get It, Romeo and Juliet, Camille
 * 1937 – Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, The Life of Émile Zola, La Grande Illusion, Pépé le Moko, The Prisoner of Zenda, Lost Horizon
 * 1938 – Bringing Up Baby, The Adventures of Robin Hood, Alexander Nevsky, Jezebel, A Christmas Carol, Boys Town, Angels with Dirty Faces
 * 1939 – Gone with the Wind, The Wizard of Oz, The Rules of the Game, Sherlock Holmes, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Of Mice and Men, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, Stagecoach

1940s

 * 1940 – His Girl Friday, The Great Dictator, Rebecca, Pinocchio, Fantasia, Tom and Jerry, The Grapes of Wrath, The Philadelphia Story, Road to... series
 * 1941 – Citizen Kane, The Lady Eve, Sergeant York, Dumbo, How Green Was My Valley, The Maltese Falcon, The Wolf Man
 * 1942 – Casablanca, Mrs. Miniver, The Magnificent Ambersons, To Be or Not to Be, Bambi, Yankee Doodle Dandy, Cat People
 * 1943 – The Song of Bernadette, Heaven Can Wait, Phantom of the Opera, The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp, For Whom the Bell Tolls, The Ox-Bow Incident
 * 1944 – Going My Way, Double Indemnity, Meet Me in St. Louis, Ivan the Terrible, Laura, To Have and Have Not, Murder, My Sweet; 1st Golden Globe Awards
 * 1945 – Brief Encounter, Children of Paradise, Fallen Angel, Leave Her to Heaven, The Lost Weekend, The Naughty Nineties, Anchors Aweigh, The Picture of Dorian Gray, Spellbound, Along Came Jones
 * 1946 – It's a Wonderful Life, Notorious, My Darling Clementine, Great Expectations, The Best Years of Our Lives, Song of the South, The Big Sleep, Blue Skies; First Cannes Film Festival
 * 1947 – Miracle on 34th Street, Black Narcissus, The Lady from Shanghai, Monsieur Verdoux, Out of the Past, The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer, Odd Man Out, Life with Father
 * 1948 – Bicycle Thieves, The Red Shoes, Red River, Hamlet, The Three Musketeers; 1st British Academy Film Awards
 * 1949 – The Third Man, Late Spring, All the King's Men, White Heat, Whisky Galore!, Stray Dog, The Heiress

1950s

 * 1950 – Sunset Boulevard, All About Eve, Cinderella, Rashomon, Father of the Bride
 * 1951 – A Streetcar Named Desire, An American in Paris, The Day the Earth Stood Still, A Place in the Sun
 * 1952 – Singin' in the Rain, High Noon, The Bad and the Beautiful, The Quiet Man, Limelight, This Is Cinerama, The Greatest Show on Earth, first 3D films
 * 1953 – Peter Pan, Tokyo Story, From Here to Eternity, Shane, Dangerous When Wet, The War of the Worlds, Ugetsu, The Earrings of Madame de..., Salome, Roman Holiday, The Band Wagon, Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, first use of CinemaScope, British cinema advertisement company Pearl & Dean was founded
 * 1954 – Rear Window, Seven Samurai, Dial M for Murder, White Christmas, 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, Creature from the Black Lagoon, Godzilla, Sansho the Bailiff, A Star Is Born, On the Waterfront
 * 1955 – Rebel Without a Cause, The Night of the Hunter, To Catch a Thief, The Seven Year Itch, Marty, Ordet, The Apu Trilogy, All That Heaven Allows, Smiles of a Summer Night, Lady and the Tramp, Oklahoma!
 * 1956 – The Ten Commandments, High Society, Carousel, The King and I, Giant, The Searchers, The Silent World, Forbidden Planet, Invasion of the Body Snatchers, Around the World in 80 Days
 * 1957 – The Bridge on the River Kwai, 12 Angry Men, Sweet Smell of Success, The Seventh Seal, Touch of Evil, Jailhouse Rock, Let's All Go to the Lobby, Wild Strawberries, Paths of Glory, Throne of Blood
 * 1958 – Vertigo, Ascenseur pour l'échafaud, Gigi, South Pacific, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, Carry On, Jalsaghar, The Fly
 * 1959 – Ben-Hur, Some Like It Hot, North by Northwest, Anatomy of a Murder, Rio Bravo, Pickpocket, Pillow Talk

1960s

 * 1960 – Psycho, Spartacus, Breathless, The Apartment, Exodus, The Magnificent Seven, La Dolce Vita, L'Avventura
 * 1961 – West Side Story, Breakfast at Tiffany's, Divorce, Italian Style, Judgment at Nuremberg, Yojimbo, One Hundred and One Dalmatians Chronicle of a Summer
 * 1962 – Lawrence of Arabia, To Kill a Mockingbird, The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance, What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?, Ivan's Childhood, The Manchurian Candidate, Lolita, La Jetée, Sundays and Cybele
 * 1963 – The Birds, The Great Escape, Tom Jones, Hud, Cleopatra, Charade, 8½, Not on Your Life, Lilies in the Field, The Haunting, How the West Was Won, It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World, Jason and the Argonauts, Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow
 * 1964 – Mary Poppins, A Hard Day's Night, My Fair Lady, The Pink Panther cartoon series, Goldfinger, Dr. Strangelove, Dollars Trilogy, The Umbrellas of Cherbourg
 * 1965 – The Sound of Music, Doctor Zhivago, Repulsion
 * 1966 – Persona, Blowup, Fantastic Voyage, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, Au Hasard Balthazar, The Battle of Algiers, A Man for All Seasons, Winnie the Pooh, Born Free, A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum
 * 1967 – Bonnie and Clyde, The Graduate, Cool Hand Luke, In the Heat of the Night, The Jungle Book, Dont Look Back, The Dirty Dozen
 * 1968 – 2001: A Space Odyssey, Rosemary's Baby, Planet of the Apes, Once Upon a Time in the West, Night of the Living Dead, Bullitt, Funny Girl
 * 1969 – Midnight Cowboy, True Grit, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, Easy Rider, The Wild Bunch, Z, The Italian Job

1970s

 * 1970 – Love Story, The Conformist, Performance, Patton, M*A*S*H, Woodstock, Tora! Tora! Tora!, Five Easy Pieces, Airport, Let It Be, first IMAX films
 * 1971 – The French Connection, A Clockwork Orange, Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory, Dirty Harry, Get Carter, The Last Picture Show, Fiddler on the Roof, Harold and Maude, Straw Dogs
 * 1972 – The Godfather, Aguirre, the Wrath of God, The Poseidon Adventure, Cries and Whispers, Those People of the Nile, Le charme discret de la bourgeoisie, Solaris, Last Tango in Paris, Cabaret, Napoleon and Samantha, Deep Throat, What's Up, Doc?
 * 1973 – The Exorcist, Enter the Dragon, Amarcord, The Sting, American Graffiti, Paper Moon, Mean Streets, The Wicker Man, Distant Thunder, Day for Night, Papillon
 * 1974 – A Woman Under the Influence, The Godfather Part II, Chinatown, Ali: Fear Eats the Soul, The Texas Chain Saw Massacre, Phantom of the Paradise, Young Frankenstein, Blazing Saddles, Benji, The Conversation, Black Christmas, The Towering Inferno
 * 1975 – Jaws, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, Dog Day Afternoon, The Rocky Horror Picture Show, Monty Python and the Holy Grail, The Passenger, Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom, Nashville, videocassette recorders appear on mass markets
 * 1976 – Taxi Driver, Rocky, Network, Carrie, All the President's Men, In the Realm of the Senses, 1900, Logan's Run
 * 1977 – Star Wars (original trilogy), Annie Hall, Saturday Night Fever, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, A Bridge Too Far, Eraserhead, Providence
 * 1978 – Halloween, The Deer Hunter, Dawn of the Dead, Superman, Grease, Midnight Express, Days of Heaven, Up in Smoke, National Lampoon's Animal House
 * 1979 – Apocalypse Now, Alien, Mad Max, Kramer vs. Kramer, Monty Python's Life of Brian, Stalker, Manhattan

1980s

 * 1980 – The Shining, Raging Bull, Airplane!, Caddyshack, Ordinary People, Kagemusha, Friday the 13th, The Blues Brothers, The Elephant Man, Private Benjamin
 * 1981 – Raiders of the Lost Ark (first Indiana Jones film), Chariots of Fire, Reds, The Evil Dead, On Golden Pond, Pennies from Heaven, Das Boot, Scanners, Time Bandits, Clash of the Titans, Escape from New York, An American Werewolf in London
 * 1982 – Blade Runner, Poltergeist, The Thing, Tron, Sophie's Choice, Tootsie, Fanny and Alexander, Fitzcarraldo, Gandhi, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, First Blood, 48 Hrs., The Dark Crystal, An Officer and a Gentleman
 * 1983 – Michael Jackson's Thriller, Terms of Endearment, Risky Business, Sans Soleil, L'Argent, The King of Comedy, The Right Stuff, Strange Brew, National Lampoon's Vacation, Scarface, Nostalghia, Trading Places, A Christmas Story, THX sound system is developed.
 * 1984 – This Is Spinal Tap, Amadeus, The Terminator, Ghostbusters, The Karate Kid, Once Upon a Time in America, Paris, Texas, Stop Making Sense, Gremlins, Footloose, Beverly Hills Cop, Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind, A Nightmare on Elm Street, The NeverEnding Story
 * 1985 – Back to the Future, The Breakfast Club, Out of Africa, The Color Purple, Brazil, Shoah, Ran, Come and See, The Goonies, Pee-wee's Big Adventure, A Room with a View
 * 1986 – Blue Velvet, The Sacrifice, Ferris Bueller's Day Off, Aliens, Platoon, Hannah and Her Sisters, Top Gun, Stand By Me, Crocodile Dundee, Short Circuit, The Fly, Labyrinth
 * 1987 – Fatal Attraction, The Untouchables, The Princess Bride, Dirty Dancing, Full Metal Jacket, Wings of Desire, The Dead, RoboCop, Evil Dead II, The Last Emperor, Raising Arizona, Wall Street, The Lost Boys, Hellraiser, Predator, Moonstruck, Hope and Glory, Planes, Trains and Automobiles, Lethal Weapon, Au revoir les enfants, Good Morning, Vietnam, Broadcast News
 * 1988 – Rain Man, Cinema Paradiso, Who Framed Roger Rabbit, Die Hard, Beetlejuice, My Neighbor Totoro, Akira, The Accused, Big, Days of Terror, The Bear, The Last Temptation of Christ, Dead Ringers, Child's Play, The Naked Gun: From the Files of Police Squad!
 * 1989 – Do the Right Thing, Driving Miss Daisy, Batman, A Fish Called Wanda, The Abyss, When Harry Met Sally..., The Little Mermaid, Say Anything..., Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure, Crimes and Misdemeanors, Dead Poets Society, Field of Dreams, Born on the Fourth of July; first publication of Empire

1990s

 * 1990 – Home Alone, Ghost, Goodfellas, Close-Up, Dances with Wolves, Edward Scissorhands, Wild at Heart, Total Recall, Misery, Pretty Woman, Journey of Hope, The Hunt for Red October
 * 1991 – The Silence of the Lambs, Terminator 2: Judgment Day, Beauty and the Beast, JFK, Boyz n the Hood, Thelma & Louise, A Brighter Summer Day, Barton Fink, The Addams Family
 * 1992 – Unforgiven, Reservoir Dogs, Basic Instinct, Aladdin, A Few Good Men, The Player, The Crying Game, Wayne's World, Indochine, Candyman, A League of Their Own
 * 1993 – Jurassic Park, Schindler's List, The Piano, Groundhog Day, In the Name of the Father, The Nightmare Before Christmas, Philadelphia, Three Colours trilogy, True Romance, Dazed and Confused
 * 1994 – Forrest Gump, Pulp Fiction, The Shawshank Redemption, The Lion King, Legends of the Fall, Clerks, Sátántangó, Interview with the Vampire, Speed, True Lies, Léon: The Professional, Il Postino: The Postman, The Mask, Through the Olive Trees, Four Weddings and a Funeral
 * 1995 – Braveheart, Se7en, Apollo 13, Toy Story, The Usual Suspects, Heat, 12 Monkeys, Clueless, Babe, Leaving Las Vegas, Casino, Before trilogy, Sense and Sensibility; first DVDs were released
 * 1996 – Fargo, Flirting with Disaster, Trainspotting, The English Patient, Independence Day, Jerry Maguire, Mission: Impossible, Scream, That Thing You Do!, Shine, Shall We Dance?
 * 1997 – Titanic, Life is Beautiful, Good Will Hunting, Boogie Nights, Jackie Brown, L.A. Confidential, Taste of Cherry, Gattaca, Hana-bi, Men in Black, Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery, The Full Monty, Princess Mononoke, Perfect Blue, The Fifth Element, I Know What You Did Last Summer
 * 1998 – Saving Private Ryan, American History X, The Thin Red Line, Shakespeare in Love, The Big Lebowski, Buffalo '66, Bulworth, The Truman Show, The Wedding Singer, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, Run Lola Run, Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels, There's Something About Mary
 * 1999 – American Beauty, The Sixth Sense, The Matrix, Fight Club, Magnolia, Notting Hill, The Blair Witch Project, The Iron Giant, The Green Mile, Election, Boys Don't Cry, Beau Travail, Being John Malkovich,

2000s

 * 2000 – Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, In the Mood for Love, Gladiator, Cast Away, Platform, Memento, Erin Brockovich, Billy Elliot, Almost Famous, O Brother, Where Art Thou?, High Fidelity, Battle Royale, X-Men, Unbreakable, American Psycho, Before Night Falls, Requiem for a Dream; The first digital cinema in Europe by Phillippe Binant
 * 2001 – The Lord of the Rings, Harry Potter, Shrek, A Beautiful Mind, The Royal Tenenbaums, Spirited Away, Mulholland Drive, Donnie Darko, The Fast & the Furious, Moulin Rouge!, Zoolander, Training Day, Black Hawk Down, Monster's Ball, Amélie, Bridget Jones's Diary
 * 2002 – City of God, Talk to Her, Minority Report, The Pianist, Russian Ark, Spider-Man, Chicago, 8 Mile, The Hours, The Quiet American, Gangs of New York, Bowling for Columbine, About a Boy, Frida, 28 Days Later, Bend It Like Beckham, My Big Fat Greek Wedding, Punch-Drunk Love, The Ring, Better Luck Tomorrow, Catch Me If You Can, Adaptation
 * 2003 – Oldboy, Kill Bill, Lost in Translation, Elephant, Monster, Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl, Finding Nemo, Love Actually, Elf, Cold Mountain, The Room, School of Rock, Once Upon a Time in Mexico
 * 2004 – Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, Million Dollar Baby, The Incredibles, The Passion of the Christ, Sideways, Hotel Rwanda, Downfall, Friday Night Lights, Saw, Shaun of the Dead, Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy, Mean Girls, Napoleon Dynamite; The anti-piracy campaign "Piracy. It's a crime", which features the first line You Wouldn't Steal a Car, is first advertised.
 * 2005 – Caché, The New World, Brokeback Mountain, The Dark Knight trilogy, The Death of Mr. Lazarescu, A History of Violence, Pride & Prejudice, Walk the Line, March of the Penguins, Munich, Capote, The 40 Year Old Virgin, Good Night, and Good Luck
 * 2006 – Pan's Labyrinth,  Children of Men, The Departed,  Dreamgirls, The Lives of Others, The Prestige, Happy Feet, The Queen, Borat, Little Miss Sunshine, The Pursuit of Happyness, An Incovenient Truth, The Last King of Scotland, Babel, United 93; first Blu-rays released
 * 2007 – 300, There Will Be Blood, No Country for Old Men, I Am Legend, Ratatouille, Into the Wild, Juno, Atonement, Persepolis, Once, La Vie En Rose
 * 2008 – Iron Man (starting off the Marvel Cinematic Universe), WALL-E, Slumdog Millionaire, Mamma Mia!, Gran Torino, The Wrestler, Milk, Vicky Cristina Barcelona, Cloverfield, Ip Man, Waltz with Bashir, In Bruges, Man on Wire, The Curious Case of Benjamin Button
 * 2009 – Avatar, Inglorious Basterds, Up, A Serious Man, District 9, The Hurt Locker, The Hangover, Coraline, Precious, An Education, In the Loop

2010s

 * 2010 – The King's Speech, Inception, Black Swan, The Social Network, How to Train Your Dragon, Despicable Me, Winter's Bone, 127 Hours, Scott Pilgrim vs. the World
 * 2011 – The Artist, Drive, The Intouchables, Hugo, A Separation, The Tree of Life, The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, Bridesmaids, Moneyball, Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy, The Help, The Cabin in the Woods
 * 2012 – Life of Pi, Argo, Lincoln, Django Unchained, Les Misérables, The Avengers, Silver Linings Playbook, The Hunger Games, Ted, Pitch Perfect, Magic Mike, Beasts of the Southern Wild, Zero Dark Thirty
 * 2013 – The Wolf of Wall Street, Gravity, Frozen, 12 Years a Slave, American Hustle, Dallas Buyers Club, Inside Llewyn Davis, Her, The Conjuring, Pacific Rim, Blue is the Warmest Colour
 * 2014 – Interstellar, Boyhood, The Grand Budapest Hotel, Birdman, Whiplash, Kingsman: The Secret Service, The Babadook, Paddington, Guardians of the Galaxy, The Lego Movie, John Wick, The Theory of Everything
 * 2015 – Mad Max: Fury Road, The Revenant, Inside Out, The Martian, Spotlight, Amy, Ex Machina
 * 2016 – La La Land, Deadpool, Zootopia, Your Name, Moana, Manchester by the Sea, Moonlight, Train To Busan, Don't Breathe
 * 2017 – The Shape of Water, Wonder Woman, Get Out, It, Dunkirk, Logan, The Disaster Artist, Baby Driver, Paddington 2, The Silent Child, In a Heartbeat, Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri, Call Me by Your Name, Darkest Hour; the Harvey Weinstein scandal began
 * 2018 – Bohemian Rhapsody, Avengers: Infinity War, Spider-Man: The Spider-Verse trilogy, A Star Is Born, The Favourite, A Quiet Place, Black Panther, BlacKkKlansman, Hereditary, Free Solo
 * 2019 – Joker, 1917, Avengers: Endgame, Parasite, Rocketman, Little Women, The Irishman, Marriage Story, Uncut Gems, Knives Out

2020s

 * 2020 — Nomadland, Minari, The Eight Hundred, Hamilton, Mank, The Invisible Man, Another Round, Promising Young Woman, Ma Rainey's Black Bottom, The Half of It;                                                                                Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a number of films shut down production, or are either removed from their originally scheduled releases and moved to new release dates or digital releases.
 * 2021 — Dune, The Power of the Dog, Encanto, Judas and the Black Messiah, Belfast, Licorice Pizza, Don't Look Up, Spider-Man: No Way Home, Flee, CODA, The White Tiger, Tick, Tick... Boom!, The Lost Daughter; American movie theatre chain AMC Theatres launches its movie theatre commercial starring actress Nicole Kidman
 * 2022 – Everything Everywhere All at Once, Top Gun: Maverick, Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio, RRR, Elvis, Aftersun, The Banshees of Inisherin, Avatar: The Way of Water, All Quiet on the Western Front, Marcel the Shell with Shoes On
 * 2023 – Barbie, Oppenheimer, Poor Things, M3GAN, The Super Mario Bros. Movie, Maestro, The Boy and the Heron, Once Upon a Studio, Are You There God? It's Me, Margaret; In Hollywood, the Writers Guild of America and SAG-AFTRA separately began a series of strikes by the actors and writers for six months, affecting the film and television industries
 * 2024 – Civil War

title: List of years in film


text:
PJ Harvey

Polly Jean Harvey (born 9 October 1969) is an English singer-songwriter. Primarily known as a vocalist and guitarist, she is also proficient with a wide range of instruments.

Harvey began her career in 1988 when she joined local band Automatic Dlamini as a vocalist, guitarist and saxophonist. The band's frontman, John Parish, became her long-term collaborator. In 1991, she formed a trio called PJ Harvey and subsequently began her career as PJ Harvey. The trio released two acclaimed studio albums called Dry (1992) and Rid of Me (1993) before disbanding, after which Harvey continued as a solo artist. Since 1995, she has released a further ten studio albums with collaborations from various musicians including Parish, former bandmate Rob Ellis, Mick Harvey, and Eric Drew Feldman, and has also worked extensively with record producer Flood.

Among the accolades Harvey has received are both the 2001 and 2011 Mercury Prize for Stories from the City, Stories from the Sea (2000) and Let England Shake (2011), respectively, making her the only artist to have been awarded the prize twice. She has also received eight Brit Award nominations, eight Grammy Award nominations and two further Mercury Prize nominations. Rolling Stone awarded her three accolades: 1992's Best New Artist and Best Singer Songwriter, and 1995's Artist of the Year. Rolling Stone also listed Rid of Me, To Bring You My Love, and Stories from the City, Stories from the Sea on its list of their 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. In 2011, she was awarded for Outstanding Contribution to Music at the NME Awards. In the 2013 Birthday Honours, she was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for services to music.

Early life
Polly Jean Harvey was born on 9 October 1969 in Bridport, Dorset, the second child of Ray and Eva Harvey. Her parents owned a quarrying business on Ham Hill, the site of a large Iron Age hillfort, and she grew up on the family farm in Corscombe. During her childhood, she attended Beaminster School in nearby Beaminster, where she received guitar lessons from folk singer-songwriter Steve Knightley. Her parents introduced her to music that would later influence her work, including blues, Captain Beefheart and Bob Dylan. Her parents were avid music fans and regularly arranged get-togethers and small gigs, counting Ian Stewart among their oldest friends.

As a teenager, Harvey began learning saxophone and joined an eight-piece instrumental group, Bologne, run by composer Andrew Dickson. She was also a guitarist with folk duo the Polekats, with whom she wrote some of her earliest material. After finishing school, she joined Yeovil College and attended a visual arts foundation course.

Automatic Dlamini: 1988–1991
In July 1988, Harvey became a member of Automatic Dlamini, a band based in Bristol with whom she gained extensive ensemble-playing experience. Formed by John Parish in 1983, the band consisted of a rotating line-up that at various times included Rob Ellis and Ian Oliver. Harvey had met Parish in 1987 through mutual friend Jeremy Hogg, the band's slide guitarist. Providing saxophone, guitars and backing vocals, she travelled extensively during the band's early days, including performances in East and West Germany, Spain and Poland to support the band's debut studio album, The D is for Drum. A second European tour took place throughout June and July 1989. Following the tour, the band recorded Here Catch, Shouted His Father, their second studio album, between late 1989 and early 1990. This is the only Automatic Dlamini material to feature Harvey, but remains unreleased, although bootleg versions of the album are in circulation.

In January 1991, Harvey left to form her own band with former bandmates Ellis and Oliver, though she had also formed lasting personal and professional relationships with other members, especially Parish, to whom she has referred as her "musical soulmate". Parish would subsequently contribute to, and sometimes co-produce, Harvey's solo studio albums and has toured with her a number of times. As a duo, Parish and Harvey have recorded two collaborative albums where Parish composed the music and Harvey wrote the lyrics. Additionally, Parish's girlfriend in the late 1980s was photographer Maria Mochnacz. She and Harvey became close friends and Mochnacz went on to shoot and design most of Harvey's album artwork and music videos, contributing significantly to her public image.

Harvey said of her time with Automatic Dlamini: "I ended up not singing very much but I was just happy to learn how to play the guitar. I wrote a lot during the time I was with them but my first songs were crap. I was listening to a lot of Irish folk music at the time, so the songs were folky and full of penny whistles and stuff. It was ages before I felt ready to perform my own songs in front of other people." She also credits Parish for teaching her how to perform in front of audiences, saying "after the experience with John's band and seeing him perform I found it was enormously helpful to me as a performer to engage with people in the audience, and I probably did learn that from him, amongst other things."

Harvey wrote to the American rock band Slint after they printed a request for female singers on the sleeve of their 1991 album Spiderland. However, Slint broke up before the album was released.

PJ Harvey Trio; Dry and Rid of Me: 1991–1994
Harvey decided to name her new band the PJ Harvey Trio, rejecting other names as "nothing felt right at all or just suggested the wrong type of sound", and also to allow her to continue music as a solo artist. The trio consisted of Harvey on vocals and guitar, Ellis on drums and backing vocals, and Oliver on bass. Oliver later departed to rejoin the still-active Automatic Dlamini. He was subsequently replaced with Steve Vaughan. The trio's "disastrous" debut performance was held at a skittle alley in Charmouth Village Hall in April 1991. Harvey later recounted the event saying: "we started playing and I suppose there was about fifty people there, and during the first song we cleared the hall. There was only about two people left. And a woman came up to us, came up to my drummer, it was only a three piece, while we were playing and shouted at him 'Don't you realise nobody likes you! We'll pay you, you can stop playing, we'll still pay you!'" The group relocated to London in June 1991 when Harvey applied to study sculpture, still undecided as to her future career. During this time, the group recorded a set of demo songs and distributed them to record labels. Independent label Too Pure agreed to release the band's debut single "Dress" in October 1991, and later signed PJ Harvey. "Dress" received mass critical acclaim upon its release and was voted Single of the Week in Melody Maker by guest reviewer John Peel, who admired "the way Polly Jean seems crushed by the weight of her own songs and arrangements, as if the air is literally being sucked out of them ... admirable if not always enjoyable." However, Too Pure provided little promotion for the single and critics claim that "Melody Maker had more to do with the success of the "Dress" single than Too Pure Records." A week after its release, the band recorded a live radio session for Peel on BBC Radio 1 on 29 October featuring "Oh, My Lover", "Victory", "Sheela-Na-Gig" and "Water".

The following February, the trio released "Sheela-Na-Gig" as their equally-acclaimed second single and their debut studio album, Dry (1992), followed in March. Like the singles preceding it, Dry received an overwhelming international critical response. The album was cited by Kurt Cobain of Nirvana as his sixteenth-favourite album ever in his posthumously published Journals (2002). Rolling Stone also named Harvey as Songwriter of the Year and Best New Female Singer. A limited edition double LP version of Dry was released alongside the regular version of the album, containing both the original and demo versions of each track, called Dry Demonstration, and the band also received significant coverage at the Reading Festival in 1992.

Island (PolyGram) signed the trio amid a major label bidding war in mid-1992, and in December 1992 the trio travelled to Cannon Falls, Minnesota in the United States to record the follow-up to Dry with producer Steve Albini. Prior to recording with Albini, the band recorded a second session with John Peel on 22 September and recorded a version of Bob Dylan's "Highway 61 Revisited", and two new songs "Me Jane" and "Ecstasy". The recording sessions with Albini took place at Pachyderm Recording Studio and resulted in the band's major label debut Rid of Me in May 1993. Rolling Stone wrote that it "is charged with aggressive eroticism and rock fury. It careens from blues to goth to grunge, often in the space of a single song." The album was promoted by two singles, "50ft Queenie" and "Man-Size", as well as tours of the United Kingdom in May and of the United States in June, continuing there during the summer.

However, during the American leg of the tour, internal friction started to form between the members of the trio. Deborah Frost, writing for Rolling Stone, noticed "an ever widening personal gulf" between the band members, and quoted Harvey as saying "It makes me sad. I wouldn't have got here without them. I needed them back then – badly. But I don't need them anymore. We all changed as people." Despite the tour's personal downsides, footage from live performances was compiled and released on the long-form video Reeling with PJ Harvey (1993). The band's final tour was to support the Irish rock band U2 in August 1993, after which the trio officially disbanded. In her final appearance on American television in September 1993 on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Harvey performed a solo version of "Rid of Me". As Rid of Me sold substantially more copies than Dry, 4-Track Demos, a compilation album of demos for the album was released in October and inaugurated her career as a solo artist. In early 1994, it was announced that U2's manager, Paul McGuinness, had become her manager.

To Bring You My Love and Is This Desire?: 1995–1999
As Harvey embarked on her solo career, she explored collaborations with other musicians. In 1995 she released her third studio album, To Bring You My Love, featuring former bandmate John Parish, Bad Seeds multi-instrumentalist Mick Harvey and French drummer Jean-Marc Butty, all of whom would continue to perform and record with Harvey throughout her career. The album was also her first material to be produced by Flood. Simultaneously a more blues-influenced and more futuristic record than its predecessors, To Bring You My Love showcased Harvey broadening her musical style to include strings, organs and synthesisers. Rolling Stone said in its review that "Harvey sings the blues like Nick Cave sings gospel: with more distortion, sex and murder than you remember. To Bring You My Love was a towering goth version of grunge." During the successive tours for the album, Harvey also experimented with her image and stage persona.

The record generated a surprise modern rock radio hit in the United States with its lead single, "Down by the Water". The music video received heavy rotation on MTV and became Harvey's most recognizable song. Three consecutive singles—"C'mon Billy", "Send His Love to Me" and "Long Snake Moan"—were also moderately successful. The album was a commercial success selling one million copies worldwide including 370,000 in the United States. It was also certified Silver in the United Kingdom within seven months of its release, having sold over 60,000 copies. In the United States, the album was voted Album of the Year by The Village Voice, Rolling Stone, USA Today, People, The New York Times and the Los Angeles Times. Rolling Stone also named Harvey 1995's Artist of the Year and Spin ranked the album third in The 90 Greatest Albums of the 1990s, behind Nirvana's Nevermind (1991) and Public Enemy's Fear of a Black Planet (1990). In 1996, Harvey also received her first Grammy Award nominations for Best Alternative Music and Best Female Rock Vocal Performance ("Down by the Water").

In July 2020, a vinyl reissue of To Bring You My Love was announced, including unreleased demos.

In 1996, following the international success of To Bring You My Love and experimental collaboration album Dance Hall at Louse Point with John Parish, Harvey began composing material that would end up on her fourth studio album, during what she referred to as "an incredibly low patch". The material diverged significantly from her previous work and introduced electronica elements into her song-writing. During recording sessions in 1997 original PJ Harvey Trio drummer Rob Ellis rejoined Harvey's band, and Flood was hired again as producer. The sessions, which continued into April the following year, resulted in Is This Desire? (1998). Though originally released to mixed reviews in September 1998, the album has since been acclaimed and received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Alternative Music Performance. The album's lead single, "A Perfect Day Elise", was moderately successful in the United Kingdom, peaking at number 25 on the UK Singles Chart, her most successful single to date.

Stories from the City, Stories from the Sea and Uh Huh Her: 2000–2006
In early 2000, Harvey began work on her fifth studio album Stories from the City, Stories from the Sea with Rob Ellis and Mick Harvey. Written in her native Dorset, Paris and New York, the album showcased a more mainstream indie rock and pop rock sound to her previous albums and the lyrics followed themes of love that tied into Harvey's affection for New York City. The album also featured Radiohead frontman Thom Yorke on three tracks, including his lead vocals on "This Mess We're In". Upon its release in October 2000 the album was a critical and commercial success, selling over one million copies worldwide and charting in both the United Kingdom and the United States. The album's three singles—"Good Fortune", "A Place Called Home" and "This Is Love"—were moderately successful.

The album also received a number of accolades including a BRIT Award nomination for Best Female Artist and two Grammy Award nominations for Best Rock Album and Best Female Rock Performance for the album's third single, "This Is Love". However, most notably, Harvey was nominated for, and won, the 2001 Mercury Prize. The awards ceremony was held on the same day as the September 11 attacks on the United States and Harvey was on tour in Washington, D.C., one of the affected cities, when she won the prize. Reflecting on the win in 2011, she said: "quite naturally I look back at that and only remember the events that were taking place across the world and to win the prize on that day—it didn't have much importance in the grand scheme of things", noting "it was a very surreal day". The same year, Harvey also topped a readers' poll conducted by Q magazine of the 100 Greatest Women in Rock Music.

During three years of various collaborations with other artists, Harvey was also working on her sixth studio album, Uh Huh Her, which was released in May 2004. For the first time since 4-Track Demos (1993), Harvey played every instrument—with the exception of drums provided by Rob Ellis—and was the sole producer. The album received "generally favourable reviews" by critics, though its production was often criticised. It was also a commercial success, debuting and peaking at number 12 in the UK Albums Chart and being certified Silver by the BPI within a month of its release.

Harvey also did an extensive world tour in promotion of the album, lasting seven months in total. Selected recordings from the tour were included on Harvey's first live DVD, On Tour: Please Leave Quietly, directed by Maria Mochnacz and released in 2006.

White Chalk and Let England Shake: 2007–2014
During her first performance since the Uh Huh Her tour at the Hay Festival of Literature & Arts on 26 May 2006, Harvey revealed that her next studio album would be almost entirely piano-based. Following the October release of The Peel Sessions 1991–2004, a compilation of songs recorded from 1991 to 2000 during her radio sessions with John Peel, she began recording her seventh studio album White Chalk in November, together with Flood, John Parish and Eric Drew Feldman and drummer Jim White in a studio in West London. White Chalk was released in September 2007 and marked a radical departure from her usual alternative rock style, consisting mainly of piano ballads. The album received favourable reviews, its style being described by one critic as containing "pseudo-Victorian elements—drama, restraint, and antiquated instruments and sounds." Harvey herself said of the album: "when I listen to the record I feel in a different universe, really, and I'm not sure whether it's in the past or in the future. The record confuses me, that's what I like—it doesn't feel of this time right now, but I'm not sure whether it's 100 years ago or 100 years in the future", summing up the album's sound as "really weird." During the tour for the album Harvey performed without a backing band, and also began performing on an autoharp, which continues to be her primary instrument after guitar and has influenced her material since White Chalk.

March 2009 saw the release of her second collaboration studio album with John Parish A Woman a Man Walked By. Written in the vein of punk blues, folk and experimental rock, it was preceded by the lead single "Black Hearted Love". As with their first effort, Parish wrote all of the music and played most of the instruments, leaving Harvey to the lyrics and singing.

In April 2010, Harvey appeared on The Andrew Marr Show to perform a new song titled "Let England Shake". In a pre-performance interview with Marr, she stated that the new material she had written had been "formed out of the landscape that I've grown up in and the history of this nation" and as "a human being affected by politics." Her eighth studio album Let England Shake was released in February 2011, and received universal critical acclaim. NME's 10/10 review summarised the album as "a record that ventures deep into the heart of darkness of war itself and its resonance throughout England's past, present and future" and other reviews also noted its themes and writing style as "bloody and forceful," mixing "ethereal form with brutal content," and "her most powerful." Dealing with the then-conflict in Afghanistan and other episodes from English history, the album featured John Parish, Mick Harvey and Jean-Marc Butty as Harvey's backing band and the quartet toured extensively in its promotion. Following the release of the album's two well-received singles—"The Words That Maketh Murder" and "The Glorious Land"—and the collection of short films by Seamus Murphy to accompany the album, Harvey won her second Mercury Music Prize on 6 September. The award marked her as the first artist to receive the award twice, entering her into the Guinness World Records as the only artist to have achieved this., and sales of Let England Shake increased 1,190% overnight following her win. On 23 September, Let England Shake was certified Gold in the United Kingdom and was listed as album of the year by MOJO and Uncut.

On 3 August 2013, Harvey released a song "Shaker Aamer" in support of the Guantanamo Bay detention camp detainee by the same name who was the last British citizen to be held there. The song describes in detail what Aamer endured during his four-month hunger strike.

The Hope Six Demolition Project, and I Inside the Old Year Dying: 2015–present
On 16 January 2015, PJ Harvey began recording her ninth studio album, The Hope Six Demolition Project, in front of a live audience. A custom built recording studio was made in London's Somerset House. Uncut magazine noted that much like her previous album Let England Shake, many of the lyrics were politically charged, but this time it was more globally focused. While recording she was shown to be using saxophones, an autoharp and a bouzouki. Flood was confirmed to be the producer of the album. On 18 December 2015, Harvey released a 20-second teaser for the album, which contained a release date of spring 2016.

On 21 January 2016, the debut single, "The Wheel", was played on Steve Lamacq's show on BBC Radio 6 Music. The album was released on 15 April. A new video, "The Orange Monkey", was shared on 2 June 2016. Directed by Irish filmmaker Seamus Murphy, it was made from footage of Murphy's and Harvey's trips to Afghanistan. Together they have also traveled to Washington, D.C., and Kosovo and their collaboration yielded the 2015 book The Hollow of the Hand, which collected her poems and his photographs. Their impressions from the journey and the creative process behind the recording of the new album were chronicled in the documentary called A Dog Called Money, which was premiered at the 69th Berlin International Film Festival.

The album reached number one on the UK Albums Chart and was nominated for a Grammy Award in the Best Alternative Music Album category. Harvey spent much of 2016 and 2017 touring the world with her nine-piece band, playing mainly on saxophone and taking her critically lauded live show around North America, South America, Europe and Australasia.

Harvey remained active since then, frequently releasing folk songs for soundtracks to popular TV Series and films. In 2019, she released the instrumental soundtrack album to the Ivo van Hove stage adaptation of All About Eve with the vocals of Gillian Anderson and Lily James. In October 2022, she released another full soundtrack album to the Irish black comedy Apple TV+ TV Series Bad Sisters together with Tim Phillips.

From 2020 up to 2022, UMC/Island Records and Beggars Group launched the reissue campaign of her studio work, accompanied by separate demo records to each album. In the culmination of the reissue project, the compilation of 59 songs, previously unavailable physically or digitally, titled B-Sides, Demos and Rarities was released on 4 November 2022.

In June 2022, Harvey stated that her next studio album is scheduled to be released in summer 2023. In January 2023, Rolling Stone ranked Harvey at number 145 on its list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time.

In April 2023, it was announced on Harvey's official website that her tenth studio album I Inside the Old Year Dying would be released on 7 July 2023 on Partisan Records. It also marked the first time (since the release of Dry on Too Pure in 1992), Harvey releasing her album on the independent label, after 30 years being signed on Island Records, part of Universal Music Group. The first single "A Child's Question, August" premiered on 26 April 2023. Harvey toured Europe in support of the new album with 26 dates in September–October 2023 and is scheduled to perform on the 17 music festivals in Europe in summer 2024. US Tour is planned for autumn 2024. The album has been met with widespread critical acclaim, debuted at number 5 at UK Albums Chart and has been nominated as the Best Alternative Music Album at the 66th Annual Grammy Awards.

Collaborations and projects
Besides her own work, Harvey has also collaborated with a number of other artists. In 1995, she recorded a duet of American folk song "Henry Lee" with her then-partner Nick Cave and also featured on the Bob Dylan cover "Death is Not the End", both released on Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds' Murder Ballads (1996). In the same year she sang the theme song "Who Will Love Me Now?" on Philip Ridley's film The Passion of Darkly Noon. After her 1995 tour, she met Pascal Comelade and decided to collaborate with him, singing on several tracks including "Love Too Soon" on his album L'Argot du Bruit. In May 1998, before the release of Is This Desire?, she featured on Tricky's Angels with Dirty Faces, performing lead vocals on "Broken Homes", and also contributed to Sparklehorse's 2001 album It's a Wonderful Life performing guitar, piano and backing vocals on two songs, "Eyepennies" and "Piano Fire". Following the tour in promotion of Stories from the City, Stories from the Sea, she contributed vocals to eight tracks on Volume 9: I See You Hearin' Me and Volume 10: I Heart Disco by Josh Homme's side project the Desert Sessions, also appearing in the music video for "Crawl Home". Throughout 2004, Harvey produced Tiffany Anders' album Funny Cry Happy Gift, and also produced, performed on and wrote five songs for Marianne Faithfull's album Before the Poison, and contributed backing vocals on "Hit the City", "Methamphetamine Blues" and "Come to Me" on Mark Lanegan's album Bubblegum. Harvey contributed the song "Slow-Motion Movie-Star", an outtake from Stories from the City, Stories from the Sea, to Mick Harvey's fourth studio album, Two of Diamonds, released in 2007.

Harvey has also recorded two studio albums with long-time collaborator John Parish. Dance Hall at Louse Point (1996) was written collectively with Parish with the exception of the song "Is That All There Is?", written by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller. The album also listed her as Polly Jean Harvey, which may have impacted album sales. Harvey has also reflected on how the album was "an enormous turning point" and "lyrically, it moved me into areas I'd never been to before." In 1998, she also performed lead vocals on "Airplane Blues", as a soundtrack accompaniment to the Wingwalkers art exhibition by Rebecca Goddard and Parish's wife, Michelle Henning, which was released as the closing song on Parish's second solo album How Animals Move in 2002. Following the release of White Chalk, Harvey reunited with Parish to record A Woman a Man Walked By, released in March 2009. Like Dance Hall at Louse Point, the album received positive reviews and was a moderate commercial success, peaking at number 25 in the UK Albums Chart. She collaborated with Egyptian musician Ramy Essam on "The Camp", a charity single released in June 2017 to benefit displaced children in the Lebanese Bekaa Valley fleeing the Syrian civil war.

Aside from collaborations, Harvey has also embarked on a number of projects as a composer. In January 2009, a new stage production of Henrik Ibsen's Hedda Gabler opened on Broadway. Directed by Ian Rickson and starring Mary-Louise Parker in the title role, the play featured an original score of incidental music written by Harvey. In November 2011, Harvey also composed part of the score for Young Vic's long-running production of Hamlet in London. She subsequently worked with Rickson a number of times, contributing music for his stage production of Electra, The Nest, and The Goat. In 2019, Harvey scored Ivo van Hove's West End production of All About Eve. She documented her artistic process for writing scores in an episode of the BBC Radio 4 programme 'Behind the Scenes' hosted by journalist John Wilson.

In May 2012, Harvey composed two songs, "Horse" and "Bobby Don't Steal", for Mark Cousins' film What is This Film Called Love?, which also features "To Bring You My Love".

In 2014, a number of Harvey's songs were featured in the second season of Peaky Blinders.

In March 2018, Harvey and Parish released a song called "Sorry For Your Loss" as tribute to singer-songwriter Mark Linkous, who took his own life in 2010.

In 2019, Harvey composed the score for Shane Meadows' miniseries, The Virtues, broadcast on Channel 4.

In 2022, Harvey composed the score for Sharon Horgan, Dave Finkel, and Brett Baer's Apple TV+ series Bad Sisters.

In 2024, Harvey's songs again feature on the stage in London Tide, directed by Ian Rickson, and based on Charles Dickens' Our Mutual Friend. London Tide is adapted by Ben Power and features original songs written by PJ Harvey and Ben Power.

Musical style and influences
Harvey possesses an expansive contralto vocal range. Harvey aims to not repeat herself in her music, which results in every album sounding different to her previous works. In an October 2004 interview with Rolling Stone, she said: "when I'm working on a new record, the most important thing is to not repeat myself ... that's always my aim: to try and cover new ground and really to challenge myself. Because I'm in this for learning." While her musical style has been described as alternative rock, punk blues, art rock, avant-rock, and grunge, she has experimented with various other genres including electronica, indie rock and folk music.

She changes her physical appearance for each album by altering her mode of dress or hairstyle, creating a unique aesthetic that extends to all aspects of the album, from the album art to the live performances. She works closely with friend and photographer Maria Mochnacz to develop the visual style of each album. Around the time of To Bring You My Love, for example, Harvey began experimenting with her image and adopting a theatrical aspect to her live performances. Her former fashion style, which consisted of simple black leggings, turtleneck sweaters and Dr. Martens boots, was replaced by ballgowns, catsuits, wigs and excessive make-up. She also began using stage props like a Ziggy Stardust-style flashlight microphone. She denied the influence of drag, Kabuki or performance art on her new image, a look she affectionately dubbed "Joan Crawford on acid" in an interview with Spin in 1996, but admitted that "it's that combination of being quite elegant and funny and revolting, all at the same time, that appeals to me. I actually find wearing make-up like that, sort of smeared around, as extremely beautiful. Maybe that's just my twisted sense of beauty." However, she later told Dazed & Confused magazine, "that was kind of a mask. It was much more of a mask than I've ever had. I was very lost as a person, at that point. I had no sense of self left at all", and has never repeated the overt theatricality of the To Bring You My Love tour.

At an early age, she was introduced by her parents to blues music, jazz and art rock, which would later influence her: "I was brought up listening to John Lee Hooker, to Howlin' Wolf, to Robert Johnson, and a lot of Jimi Hendrix and Captain Beefheart. So I was exposed to all these very compassionate musicians at a very young age, and that's always remained in me and seems to surface more as I get older. I think the way we are as we get older is a result of what we knew when we were children." Other influential artists were "Nina Simone, the Rolling Stones, people like that I grew up listening to but find I returned to". During her teenage years, she began listening to new wave and synth-pop bands such as Soft Cell, Duran Duran and Spandau Ballet, although later stated that it was a phase when she was "having a bit of a rebellion against my parents' record collection." In her later teenage years, she became a fan of Pixies, and she then listened to Slint. She has named Bob Dylan, and Neil Young, when talking about her influences. Many critics have compared Harvey to Patti Smith, which Harvey dismisses as "lazy journalism". However, recently Harvey has said that Smith is "so energising to see and so passionate with what she's doing". Harvey has also cited Siouxsie Sioux in terms of live performance, stating : "She is so exciting to watch, so full of energy and human raw quality". She has also drawn inspiration from Russian folk music, Italian soundtrack composer Ennio Morricone, classical composers like Arvo Pärt, Erik Satie, Samuel Barber, and Henryk Górecki. As a lyricist, Harvey has cited numerous poets, authors and lyricists as influences on her work including Harold Pinter, T. S. Eliot, W. B. Yeats, James Joyce, Ted Hughes and contemporaries such as Shane MacGowan and Jez Butterworth. Elvis Presley was also mentioned in her 2022 book Orlam and the 2023 single A Child's Question, August.

Other ventures
Outside her better-known music career, Harvey is also an occasional artist and actress. In 1998, she appeared in Hal Hartley's film The Book of Life as Magdalena—a modern-day character based on the Biblical Mary Magdalene—and had a cameo role as a Playboy Bunny in A Bunny Girl's Tale, a short film directed by Sarah Miles, in which she also performs "Nina in Ecstasy", an outtake from Is This Desire? (1998). Harvey also collaborated with Miles on another film, Amaeru Fallout 1972, which includes Harvey performing a cover of "When Will I See You Again".

Harvey is also an accomplished sculptor who has had several pieces exhibited at the Lamont Gallery and the Bridport Arts Centre. In 2010, she was invited to be the guest designer for the summer issue of Francis Ford Coppola's literary magazine Zoetrope: All-Story. The issue featured Harvey's paintings and drawings alongside short stories by Woody Allen. Her most recent artwork features in her second book of poetry Orlam.

In December 2013, Harvey gave her debut public poetry reading at the British Library. On 2 January 2014, she guest-edited BBC Radio 4's the Today programme.

In October 2015, Harvey published her first collection of poetry, a collaboration with photographer Seamus Murphy, entitled The Hollow of The Hand. To create the book, Harvey and Murphy made several journeys to Kosovo, Afghanistan and Washington, D.C. Their experiences were documented in Murphy's film A Dog Called Money, which was released in UK cinemas and online on 8 November 2019. The pair had previously worked together to create 12 short films for Let England Shake.

In April 2022, she published a book-length narrative poem titled Orlam.

Personal life
Harvey rejects the notion that her song lyrics are autobiographical, telling The Times in 1998: "the tortured artist myth is rampant. People paint me as some kind of black witchcraft-practising devil from hell, that I have to be twisted and dark to do what I am doing. It's a load of rubbish". What is more, she later told Spin: "some critics have taken my writing so literally to the point that they'll listen to 'Down by the Water' and believe I have actually given birth to a child and drowned her."

In the early 1990s, Harvey was romantically involved with drummer and photographer Joe Dilworth of Stereolab. From 1996 to 1997, following their musical collaborations, Harvey had a relationship with Nick Cave, and their subsequent break-up influenced Cave's follow-up studio album The Boatman's Call (1997), with songs such as "Into My Arms", "West Country Girl" and "Black Hair" being written specifically about her.

Harvey has one older brother, Saul, and four nephews through him. She expressed a fondness for children in 1995 and stated that she would love to have them, saying: "I wouldn't consider it unless I was married. I would have to meet someone that I wanted to spend the rest of my life with. That's the only person who I would want to be the father of my children. Maybe that will never happen. I obviously see it in a very rational way but I'd love to have children."

Harvey was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) by Queen Elizabeth II in the 2013 Birthday Honours for services to music.

Discography

 * Dry (1992)
 * Rid of Me (1993)
 * To Bring You My Love (1995)
 * Is This Desire? (1998)
 * Stories from the City, Stories from the Sea (2000)
 * Uh Huh Her (2004)
 * White Chalk (2007)
 * Let England Shake (2011)
 * The Hope Six Demolition Project (2016)
 * I Inside the Old Year Dying (2023)

Current members

 * Polly Harvey – vocals, saxophone, guitar, autoharp, piano, organ, keyboards, violin, cello, vibraphone, marimba, bells and chimes, percussion, djembe, bass, melodica, zither, harmonica, harp, cigfiddle (since 1991)
 * John Parish – guitar, drums, keyboards, bass, backing vocals, banjo, organ, ukulele, trombone, rhodes, mellotron, xylophone, percussion (1994–1998, since 2006)
 * Jean-Marc Butty – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1994–1996, since 2006)
 * James Johnston – keyboards, violin, guitar, organ, backing vocals (1993 live performance guest, since 2014)
 * Giovanni Ferrario – guitar, bass, keyboards, backing vocals (2006–2009, since 2023)

Former collaborators

 * Eric Drew Feldman – piano, keyboards, bass, optigan, mellotron, minimoog, backing vocals (1994–2009)
 * Mick Harvey – bass, keyboards, organ, guitar, drums, backing vocals, harmonium, accordion, bass harmonica, piano, rhodes, xylophone, percussion (1994–2001, 2009–2017)
 * Rob Ellis – drums and percussion, vocals, harmonium, piano, electric piano, tambourine, synthesizer, keyboards, bells, harpsichord, vibraphone (1991–1993, 1998–2004)
 * Steve Vaughan – bass (1991–1993)
 * Nick Bagnall – bass, keyboards (1994–1996)
 * Joe Gore – guitar, e-bow (1994–1996)
 * Jeremy Hogg – guitar (1996–1998)
 * Margaret Fiedler – guitar, cello (2000–2001)

 * Tim Farthing – guitar (2000–2001)
 * Simon "Ding" Archer – bass (2004)
 * Josh Klinghoffer – guitar, drums, percussion (2004)
 * Jim White – drums (2006–2007)
 * Carla Azar – drums (2006–2008, studio guest)
 * Alain Johannes – guitars, keyboards, backing vocals, percussion, saxophone (2015–2017)
 * Enrico Gabrielli – percussion, backing vocals, bass clarinet, swanee whistle, basset clarinet (2015–2017)
 * Alessandro Stefana – guitars, backing vocals (2015–2017)
 * Terry Edwards – saxophones, percussion, keyboards, guitar, backing vocals, flute, bass harmonica, melodica, trumpet (1993 live performance guest, 1997 studio guest, 2015–2017)
 * Kenrick Rowe – percussion, backing vocals (2015–2017)

Awards and nominations

 * List of awards and nominations received by PJ Harvey

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: PJ Harvey


text:
Talk:Economic issues in the United States

Untitled
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN ABUSED CONSTANTLY

POV check request
This article has a heavy socialist POV bias. I urge a re-editing to balance it with a capitalist evaluation of the American situation.Bob - I realize this will start of borderlining as POV. I hope to continue to edit it with more depth and statistics. I think covering social problems in giving societies gives depth to the wikipedia. I think I can help cover US + Germany. Hopefully others will fill in the rest. Help is greatly appreciated especially with research + statistics - Reboot - I'm far from a socialist. No place is perfect. Reboot

The new title "Alleged social problems" is itself POV. Would we call Internet censorship in China "Alleged Internet censorship in China"? No, but this is about the United States, the paragon of democracy, and of course there cannot be any real social problems in such a country, so all of them are alleged by definition.

Sorry, but this is not neutral. Social problems exist in every nation, it is the article itself that needs to neutrally describe the existing data, so the word "alleged" adds no useful information. I invite feedback, but I am inclined to move this back.—Eloquence 11:42, Aug 4, 2003 (UTC)
 * I concur. Evercat 11:44, 4 Aug 2003 (UTC)
 * How about Social issues in the United States? Danny

So I've been trying to NPOV this, but it's difficult. One problem is that the article is pretty long on rhetoric and short on statistics---somebody needs to go through the Statistical Abstract of the United States and fill in actual crime rates, incarceration rates, income inequality stats, school district spending numbers, etc., possibly with some comparative numbers internationally since the main pitch of the article seems to be to explain to enlighten Europeans what's wrong with their benighted American cousins. I'm too lazy to do this myself. Populus 16:26, 24 Aug 2003 (UTC)
 * I admire your work so far. However, I would respectfully suggest that, insofar that one exists, the "main pitch" of the article is to enlighten the ignorant Americans as to what is wrong with their backwater country; we superior Europeans already know what ails the US and are, to varying degrees, trying not to make the same mistakes. -- Viajero 17:37, 24 Aug 2003 (UTC)

Even the subject and title of this article article is so blatantly POV, I'm not sure whether it's really recoverable. I think it's well summed up by the attitude of Viajero above. The fundamental issue is that different POVs cannot even agree on what the problems are, although they may be able to agree on certain facts (symptoms if you believe everything is a problem). Even the subset of facts chosen for this article is POV. For example, it takes the stance that the unequal distribution of wealth is (a) a problem and (b) caused by the unenlightened policies of the racist conservative Americans. It's controversial, I think, to believe that wealth must be distributed equally for society to be perfect, but that's exactly the tack the article takes without even considering other POVs. I could go on, but this article is very fundamentally flawed in it's current construction. — Daniel Quinlan 21:50, Aug 24, 2003 (UTC)
 * The current title is "Social issues" which is as neutral as it gets, unlike the extremely biased "Alleged social problems". The structure is also reasonable, and the fact that different people cannot agree about something is no reason not to write an NPOV article about it. What I criticize about this article is its lack of empirical documentation, which would make it harder for you to justify edits like changing "well-documented" to "perceived". As long as this data is missing, this is mostly a mix of different opinions, and I will not get much involved either way. I would like to know, however, why you removed the link to Poverty line in the United States, which seems to be on-topic. You also removed the claims that the US do not have a standardized curriculum, and that there are private schools catering to specific groups (which do not exist in all countries, or with much heavier restrictions on what is taught, and may be perceived as a social issue). Why?—Eloquence 22:36, Aug 24, 2003 (UTC)
 * I didn't intentionally remove the Poverty line in the United States link (I reverted to the least POV version I could find as my starting point), but now that you mention it, including it at all is somewhat POV because the poverty line is just a measuring tool, not a social issue. That being said, I think it could be included with appropriate context.  (It's a much lesser example of POV links such as putting a "see also" link for Communism on the US Democratic Party article.)  Sure, the US does not have a single standardized curriculum, but I don't see how that's even remotely a social issue.  Does all of Europe have the same standardized curriculum?  Same goes for private schools.  This entire article and the listed perceived issues are highly subjective.  It reads more like a socialist critique than anything else.  Daniel Quinlan 22:56, Aug 24, 2003 (UTC)
 * The listed issues will remain subjective until the criticisms are attributed to specific groups and individuals. Articles should avoid this "some people think that" rhetoric which is usually a poor NPOV variant of "I think that". Linking to the poverty line article under "See also" does not imply that it is a social issue. As for the school curriculum, this is problematic insofar as it usually leads to great qualitative disparity within the country (and there is indeed such disparity within the European Union, as recent studies such as the large PISA comparison have shown). I consider this a social issue -- a region that has a common identity, be it the US or Europe, should strive for the best standards possible independent of region. In reality, regional politics often prevail. Just because both Europe and the US have similar problems does not mean that it is not a problem, and there is of course a greater expectation for this kind of standardization within a single country, which the EU is not. And frankly, I find the claim that it reads like a "socialist critique" bizarre. These are standard arguments from the progressive left, only usually they are argued better than they are here.—Eloquence
 * Maybe should move this to Progressive criticisms of the United States and cite specific critics? Populus 16:23, 25 Aug 2003 (UTC)
 * Well, the label "progressive" is somewhat POV, and I think that a good article should cover all points of view. Surely nobody would seriously question that there are social issues in the US -- we should give equal time to the different groups and their ideas.—Eloquence

- There is no need for a neutrality dispute. The perspective of the article is sociological. These are basic concerns to the discipline of sociology. The article is neutral so long as it avoids policy-advocacy. 172 02:47, 5 Feb 2004 (UTC)

This page is heavily biased, the opening paragraph talks about how it has not introduced the same social justice programs as Western Europe, but comments as if this is bad. Until this page is NPOV to the satisfaction of all contributors, the NPOV dispute notice I added should remain.--naryathegreat 22:57, Jul 6, 2004 (UTC)

Removed the discussion about teenagers being able to afford brand name clothing. This doesn't seem like a social issue worthy of encyclopedic mention. --reboot

Removed section on Poverty because it had very little to do with poverty and more to do with the political issues facing socialists. Reboot

NPOV
The second paragraph of the introduction is questionable. "Social and political reasons for [the U.S.'s] economic performance are said to include values of self-sufficiency, a conservative electorate, federalism and the effects of the spoils system." What's meant by "the spoils system"? Wikipedia defines that system in the United states as "the process of appointing officials to the government of the United States of America based on political connections rather than on impersonal measures of merit." I don't see what that has to do with the economy as a whole. Who says the U.S. has a conservative electorate? In exactly what sense of the word? And who says that these are reasons for the U.S.'s economic performance? This is uncited opinion. I'm removing the sentence in question until we can find a citeable source to which we can attribute this or a similar explanation. --Mr. Billion 22:01, 14 January 2006 (UTC)
 * The spoils system, when pertaining to government, has long ago gone out of fashion. It is still used a lot in corporations, though, and other non-governmental bureaucracies.Stale Fries 03:39, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

More Issues
There's definitely more issues than the ones we have here. We're missing a few, ie. religion and morals. Nissi
 * RE: Nissi lack or existence of religion isn't a social problem of sociological relevance unless you can prove that lack of religion causes some actual sociological ill (for instance "fraternity culture" might be a problem in universities if you have studies that prove that it leads to alcoholism, criminal behavior, drug use and poor student performance -- however not relevant enough for this article IMHO) Reboot 18:19, 1 April 2007 (UTC)

Article Restored and time for references
I restored much of the article that had been just summarily deleted. I added a reference section and noted where references are void. I removed the "according to social justice advocates" line of crap. This is a sociological article about issues in the US. All countries have them. The Social issues in Germany article isn't nearly as controversial. Let's try and produced REFERENCED material of sociological importance rather than push some left or right wing agenda please. I'll come for another pass of reference adding and editing. Reboot 18:19, 1 April 2007 (UTC)

Subarticles
the education section (which now actually has references) was summarily deleted with the comment that it would be better in an article. I don't mind if this page becomes a summary page with subarticle references such as United States and other pages. However the horse should come before the cart. Reboot (talk) 06:15, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

Move subarticles?
All the subarticles are back for now. But as you know, separate Wikipedia articles on education, health insurance, illegal immigration, crime and incarceration, and sexuality already exist, and it isn't possible for this article on social issues to competently discuss all social issues. The subarticles are not being edited consistently; for example the illegal immigration section still says "President George Bush has approved a bill to build a border fence along the US-Mexico Border." Reboot, would you consider moving the education section to an article that is about education? I see now that you have put a lot of effort into that section, and it should be preserved but I think it would do better elsewhere. Thanks. Sssuuuzzzaaannn (talk) 23:51, 9 March 2009 (UTC)
 * This is a sociological overview of social issues in the US. It isn't about education specifically but only the sociological issues regarding education.  If you have a relevant article on education, I'm fine moving that there and then referencing it as a subarticle here.  This will be too specific to go into United States for instance.  It might fit into some article on education in the united states, but then that should be ref'd here.  For a clearer view of intent Social issues in Germany is a better article (though still draft) and is even beginning to ref sub articles. Reboot (talk) 07:16, 16 March 2009 (UTC)

Social problems
The United States have a lot of social problems including its ethnic groups, economy, government and other problems. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.104.191.64 (talk) 09:10, 23 July 2009 (UTC)

This article seems like it is written from a european or very liberal/democrat perspective instead of a neutral perspective. For example, "The "right to bear arms" granted to United States citizens is also believed by a proportion of the population to increase crime rates". I have never heard anyone in my life express that opinion. That would be considered radical to question the 2nd amendment. A "proportion" of the population also believes David Koresh is God. So what? It doesn't belong in this wikipedia article unless there are some kind of statistics that show it is a SIGNIFICANT belief among americans. Don't just throw some vague anti-gun statement in there without evidence. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.171.67.252 (talk) 16:26, 8 November 2009 (UTC)

I think the first paragraph should be more clear in what it means by "most unequal." Irishmeadow (talk) 05:42, 19 October 2010 (UTC)

I don't understand why Social issues in the United States was deleted. There are a lot of social issues other than economic issues, such as the two-party system, lobbying, "deregulation" (or misregulation), gay rights, denial of evolution and climate change, and the role of religion. 72.229.61.66 (talk) 15:20, 20 July 2014 (UTC)