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Campbellton, New Brunswick

Campbellton is a city in Restigouche County, New Brunswick, Canada.

Situated on the south bank of the Restigouche River opposite Pointe-à-la-Croix, Quebec, Campbellton was officially incorporated in 1889 and achieved city status in 1958.

Forestry and tourism are major industries in the regional economy, while a pulp mill in the Campbellton community of Atholville is the largest single employer in the area. As part of the tourism "industry", wealthy sportfishermen seeking Atlantic salmon flock to the scenic Restigouche Valley every summer. The region sees extensive annual snowfall. Alpine and Nordic ski facilities at Sugarloaf Provincial Park provide winter recreation opportunities for both visitors and local residents. Campbellton is also a local retail and service centre.

On 1 January 2023, Campbellton amalgamated with the villages of Atholville and Tide Head, the local service district (LSD) of Glencoe and parts of four other LSDs. The names of the annexed communities remain in official use.

History
The area around the site of the present city was settled by French people circa 1700 with a trading post based upon fishing and fur trading with the Mi'gmaq. More settlers arrived here when Ile St. Jean was lost to the French as the result of the capitulation of Louisbourg in 1758. The area has had numerous names over the centuries: originally called Wisiamkik (muddy spot) by the Mi'kmaq who inhabited the region, it was then named Pointe-des-Sauvages by the French in 1700 and subsequently Pointe-Rochelle, Cavenik's Point, Kavanagh's Point, Quiton's Point and Martin's Point, before settling in 1833 with its current name in honour of Lieutenant-Governor Sir Archibald Campbell.

Battle of the Restigouche
It was here that the Battle of the Restigouche, the final naval battle between the English and French for the possession of North America during the Seven Years' War, was waged in 1760. It marked a turning point for the settlement. Robert Ferguson and the development of Campbellton and Atholville owed their development to the enterprising immigrants from Scotland. In 1769, only nine years after the Battle of Restigouche, Scotsman Hugh Baillie and a partner set up a fur and salted salmon business on the site that would become Campbellton. The business was sold to London merchant John Shoolbred, who in 1773 established the first British settlement on the Restigouche. His agent, William Smith, brought over eight Scottish fishermen from Aberdeen, Scotland, to work for him. Two of these fishermen were John Duncan and Robert Adams, who brought their families with them as well. These two fishermen devoted themselves to the salmon fishing industry at Old Church Point, today Atholville. In 1794, a Scotsman from Perth named Alexander Ferguson settled in Martin's Point (Campbellton), where his brother Robert joined him two years later.

From settlement to town
Considered the founder of Restigouche County, Robert Ferguson established his control over the development of northern New Brunswick during the first half of the 19th century. In 1803, Ferguson inherited his brother's business and quickly became the largest merchant and exporter of fish in Restigouche. Until the 1840s, he shipped between 1,200 and 1,400 barrels of salted salmon per year. He became the most important landowner in the region. He also operated a flour mill and a sawmill and exported hewn wood. He even constructed his own boats in the village that now bears the name of Atholville. In 1812, he built an impressive residence there that he named Athol House in memory of his native region of Scotland.

In 1875, the advent of the Intercolonial Railway, and a permanent railway station in 1876, had a strong impact on Campbellton. Its population increased rapidly, reaching 1,800 in 1891, and development of the settlement shifted westward. In 1889, Campbellton was incorporated as a town, and in the late 1880s, an Hôtel Dieu was founded by the Religious Hospitallers of St. Joseph, an order that established hospitals and schools in many towns in Canada.

The Great Fire
On 11 July 1910, a disastrous fire sparked by a sawmill on the waterfront destroyed a large portion of the town. The fire was spread throughout the town by flaming shingles. Prior to the fire its population was approaching 4,000 citizens and help came from near and far to provide food and supplies in order to come to their aid. Most of the people had to live in tents while plans to rebuild were being prepared. Campbellton was subsequently rebuilt. In the months and years following the fire, many of the new (now historic) buildings were constructed of brick as Water Street had been designated a "Fire District" where all new buildings had to be built with fireproof exterior walls.

Growth of the City
Following the fire, the railway station was moved to Roseberry St. and helped to define Campbellton in its early years. The town was bidding to become the leading commercial center in the North Shore and had three banks, five churches, two schools, 6 hotels and a hospital by the 1920s. At this time Campbellton was seeing upwards of 16 trains a day at the Central Station. In 1928, a pulp mill was built in nearby Atholville which continued to propel the population growth already being experienced. Campbellton was experiencing strong growth as the population grew at a steady rate: 3,817 in 1911, 5,570 in 1921, 6,505 in 1931, 6,714 in 1941, 9,257 in 1949. In 1951, Campbellton opened its new arena, the Memorial Gardens, with an exhibition game featuring the Montreal Canadiens.

In 1958, Campbellton was incorporated as a City and its population was approaching 13,000. At this time the construction of the J.C. Van Horne Interprovincial bridge commenced which was designed to facilitate travel between Quebec and Northern New Brunswick. The bridge was completed in 1961 and allowed the cross-river town of Pointe-à-la-Croix to fully integrate itself commercially with the City of Campbellton. The Salmon Festival was inaugurated in 1967 and has been a popular annual week-long event which is enjoyed by tourists and residents alike. Campbellton's city limits were expanded in 1979 when the Richardsville area became part of the city.

Esplanade Restigouche
In 2009, Mayor Bruce MacIntosh and Council made significant progress towards restoring the tourism industry in the area and in improving the city's waterfront. They announced that the long-awaited "Esplanade Restigouche" development would finally move forward. This is a three phased project, that began in 2011, that will significantly upgrade the already picturesque waterfront and further cement Campbellton's place as a tourist destination. The Restigouche River Experience Center has been constructed with a Restigouche River Museum and an 86 site RV Park which will help Campbellton in becoming the hub for regional experiential tourism. In 2016, the newly elected mayor, Stephanie Anglehart-Paulin and Council have decided to move towards developing the Atlantic Culinary Institute in conjunction with the CCNB.

Fire Ship
The history of the City of Campbellton is not complete without mentioning the infamous Phantom Ship known as "Fireship of Baie des Chaleurs". Stories of its appearance include seeing a burning sailing vessel, sometimes a vessel with all its sails set scudding along the water or sometimes a ball of fire or burning vessel on the water's surface or fading out of sight. This is not frequently seen. Some believe it is a ghost ship from the Battle of the Restigouche whereas others believe it is merely caused by heat waves, reflections or hallucinations.

Geography
Campbellton is 20 km upstream (west) from the mouth of the Bay des Chaleurs Dalhousie and approximately 100 km northwest of Bathurst. The city is approximately 160 km northeast of St. Leonard in the St. John River valley and approximately the same distance from Mont-Joli, Quebec in the Saint Lawrence River valley. Campbellton was settled by the Scottish including surrounding area like Balmoral, Glencoe, and Glenlevit.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Campbellton had a population of $7,047$ living in $3,254$ of its $3,531$ total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of $6,883$. With a land area of 18.57 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

Arts and culture
The Restigouche Caledonian Society has been in Campbellton since 1898, the society was formed for the purpose of offering relief and assistance to distressed Scotsmen. The First President of the society was also The First Mayor of Campbellton John McAlister. To display the history of the city and the battle of the Restigouche, Riverside Park is home to two cannons used in the battle; one with three fleurs-de-lys on the barrel and the other with what appears to be stylized anchors. These are French naval guns from a five gun battery erected during the battle at Battery Point on the Quebec side of the river. When the Busteed family received a land grant at Battery Point, circa 1790, they found at least three cannons at the old battery site. One cannon was built into the fireplace of their home, called Bordeaux House, and two others were given to relatives across the river at Athol House in Atholville. For many years the two cannons outside Athol House were fired on ceremonial occasions. After Athol House burned, the guns lay on the riverbank until donated to the City of Campbellton in 1898. The park also features two monuments donated to the City displaying the names of local soldiers who died in battle during World War I and World War II.

The Restigouche Gallery is local gallery and functions as a centre in the cultural program of the region. It has been host to major exhibitions from the N.B. Museum on a travelling basis in hopes that the gallery will eventually join the Atlantic Provinces Art Circuit as a participatory member. The gallery displays a tricultural permanent exhibition highlighting the cultural strength of the region bringing to the forefront Campbellton's diverse roots through its heritage Mi'gmaqs, Scottish and the French & Acadians heritage.

Events
The city hosts multiple annual special events which include Sno-Fest in February, Salmon Fest which runs from late June to early July, the Bluegrass Festival which takes place in September, and the Harvest Festival in the fall. Other efforts to increase tourism include an 8.5 m salmon statue made of stainless steel. Restigouche Sam, as the statue was christened, was donated to the city to honour Campbellton's historical connection with the "salmon-rich" Restigouche River. Several murals have also been created to beautify the city.

In 2017, Campbellton celebrated the 50th Anniversaries for both the Salmon Festival as well as its Centennial Library.

Sports
The Memorial Civic Centre is the most important sporting infrastructure in the city. The Memorial Civic Centre opened in downtown Campbellton on the bank of the Restigouche River in 1992, following a fire to the 1950s era Memorial Arena located on Arran Street. Its 3,500 seat multi-purpose arena with Olympic size ice surface is home to the Maritime Junior Hockey League's Junior A ice hockey team, the Campbellton Tigers. The complex is equipped to accommodate sporting events, entertainment, commercial functions and trade shows on a local, regional or national basis.

 * The 2003 Canada Winter Games took place in the facility and Sidney Crosby was present to represent his native Nova Scotia in the sport of ice hockey.
 * In 2006, the city was host to the Acadian Games.
 * In 2009, CBC's Hockey Day in Canada was broadcast from Campbellton, where Ron MacLean and Don Cherry did their segment of Coach's Corner at the Memorial Civic Centre.

Campbellton has an 18-hole golf course, the Restigouche Golf Club which was founded in 1923 and overlooks the Restigouche River.

Campbellton Tigers
From 1967–68 to 1989–90, the Hardy Cup was awarded to the Intermediate "A" and later Senior "AA" champion of Canada. The Tigers won more championships than any other team with three titles, in 1972, 1977 and 1988. In fact, only the Charlottetown Islanders won the cup more than once with two titles. The Tigers won the Col. J. Bourque Trophy as Eastern Canada Champions a record 4 times. The Eastern Canada champions faced the Western Canada champions for the Hardy Cup for the title of Champions of Canada. The 1972 and 1977 teams were inducted into the New Brunswick Sports Hall of Fame as part of the Campbellton hockey dynasty of the 1970s. Gerry Ouellette, former member of the Boston Bruins, coached all three championship teams and the fourth team in 1978 which lost in the finals. Ouellette was a player-coach for the first title in 1972.

1971–1972 The 1972 Campbellton Tigers defeated the Rosetown Red Wings 3 games to 2 in the best of five finals which were held in Rosetown, Saskatchewan. The team was inducted into the New Brunswick Sports Hall of Fame in 1998, and included Gord Gallant and Peter Maher.

1976–1977 The 1977 Campbellton Tigers defeated the Warroad Lakers of Warroad, Minnesota 3 games to 1 in the best of five finals which were held in Campbellton, New Brunswick. The Tigers had a record of 49 wins, 5 losses and 1 tie during the regular season and a record of 24 wins and 1 loss in the playoffs. The team was inducted into the New Brunswick Sports Hall of Fame in 2002.

Education
Campbellton is home to two high schools: one catering to the francophone community (Polyvalente Roland-Pépin) and the other to the English community (Sugarloaf Senior High School). The other grade schools are Lord Beaverbrook School and Campbellton Middle School for English students, however they will soon be replaced with a new Regional Anglophone School, upon which construction was supposed to commence in 2019, but was delayed by at least one year by the provincial government in December 2018. A new francophone K-8 School, Le Galion des Appalaches, was completed and opened in early 2018, combining the students who had previously gone to older schools in Atholville and Campbellton.

English schools are served by Anglophone North School District, while francophone schools are part of the District scolaire francophone Nord-Est (Francophone Nord-Est School District).

The New Brunswick Community College CCNB has a campus in Campbellton which provides instruction in various trades, including woodworking, office administration, social services and health sciences.

Transportation
The Campbellton station is served by Via-Rail's train "The Ocean" which travels the Montreal-Halifax route three times a week.

Major bus services include Maritime Bus in Campbellton, and Orléans Express across the river in Pointe-à-la-Croix.

There is also a summertime tour bus which makes its way downtown. Multiple taxi companies provide the city and outskirts with taxi service 24 hours a day.

The J. C. Van Horne Bridge connects Campbellton to the province of Quebec. Route 11 provides a major highway connection to other major centres in the northern part of the province such as Bathurst and Miramichi, as well as providing a link to Moncton, and the Trans-Canada Highway. Travelling west, this highway becomes Route 17 at the Tide Head - Matapédia exit, which is the only highway which connects the North Shore to the northwestern part of the province.

Campbellton is about 20 minutes away by car from Charlo Airport, which is not served by any scheduled commercial flights. The city is also located within just over an hour's drive of Bathurst Airport, which offers Air Canada flights to Montreal.

Health care
The city is serviced by 2 health care facilities, Campbellton Regional Hospital and the Restigouche Hospital Centre, which houses a psychiatric care facility. Campbellton benefits from the 100 bed Campbellton Nursing Home Inc. and many special care homes and personal care centers.

Climate
Campbellton has a cold, wet and snowy humid continental climate (Dfb) with vast seasonal temperature differences, although summers are somewhat moderated by its proximity to the cold waters of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. Moderation is nearly non-existent in winter, as prevailing wind from the interior cause temperatures to often plummet below -20 C.

Other services
The city has an RCMP station on Arran Street, which serves as the regional headquarters of District 9 comprising Restigouche County and the Western part of Gloucester County.

The Campbellton Fire Station is located at 33 Roseberry Street. The department is composed of a fire chief, 7 full-time firefighters, and 29 paid on-call firefighters.

Campbellton is home to a New Brunswick Provincial Court located downtown on Water Street. All judges of this court have jurisdiction throughout the province and the Campbellton court possesses a satellite location in St-Quentin. Court of Queen's Bench sittings for the Judicial District of Campbellton are held in this court.

The Restigouche Regional Service Commission, which is located at 68A Water Street, is governed by a board of 12 (largely ex-officio) directors, and provides the following services to all municipalities and rural Communities within the county:
 * Local and Regional Planning, such as zoning by-laws
 * Solid Waste Management
 * Regional Policing Collaboration
 * Regional Emergency Measures Planning
 * Regional Sport, Recreational, and Cultural Infrastructure Planning and Cost-Sharing
 * Service arrangements
 * Collaboration on regional issues
 * Services to First Nations Communities

There are numerous law firms, lawyers and attorneys in the city offering a fair amount of professional services to clients. There are also two Chartered Professional Accounting offices in the city meeting the needs of the business community.

Notable people

 * René Lévesque, the founder of the Parti Québécois political party and the 23rd Premier of Quebec
 * Brenda Best, an award-winning singer-songwriter
 * Patsy Gallant, popular singer and musical theatre actress

title: Campbellton, New Brunswick


text:
User:Pieter Suurmond

Merely here for linking with the Dutch Wikipedia, but if I ever find a bug here on these English pages, I'll let you know. :-)

Kind regards!

http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebruiker:Pieter_Suurmond http://www.hku.nl/~pieter

An important 'bookmark': Database_download

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Pieter Suurmond


text:
Talk:Albert I of Belgium

Untitled
''Marie-José Charlotte Sophie Amélie Henriette Gabrielle, Princess of Belgium, born Oostende August 4, 1906. She was married at Rome, Italy on January 8, 1930 to Prince Umberto Nicola Tomasso Giovanni Maria, Prince of Piemonte, born on September 15, 1904, and died on March 18, 1983 at Geneva, Switzerland. He became King Umberto II of Italy on May 9, 1946.'' - Who died on March 18, 1983? Marie-Jose or Umberto? -- Zoe

 * Marie Jose died 27 Jan 2001; Umberto II died 18 Mar 1983. I'll edit the ambiguous sentence, but please change it if you come up with a better version. -- Someone else 02:09 Jan 19, 2003 (UTC)

More information is needed about the allegedly contentious death of Albert. Xxanthippe 10:38, 7 August 2007 (UTC) This piece gives a laughably distorted picture of the decision to reisist german aggression in 1914. It can only have been written by a descendant of a German army General engaged in planning the invasion of the country. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.169.162.100 (talk) 15:14, 7 January 2011 (UTC)

No words about the Congo?
No words about the conduct of the colonies, slaughterer of the Congo etc. ? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.238.17.7 (talk) 11:06, 22 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Sure your question does not refer to his predecessor, Leopold II? His policies in the Congo were notorious for documented atrocities and are amply covered in the latter's Wikipedia article.Cloptonson (talk) 17:26, 10 August 2014 (UTC)

Evidence for British Military Cross award needed
I see no citation in his list of Honours for his being awarded the British Military Cross (established 1914). Note that the MC was a gallantry award primarily awarded to army senior Warrant Officers and commissioned officers up to the rank of Major. His status was of general officer rank, making him arguably too senior to be awarded an MC. The Distinguished Flying Cross (anyway cited) is more credible as it was awarded to commissioned officers (besides warrant officers) of any rank.Cloptonson (talk) 17:32, 10 August 2014 (UTC)

Due to lack of evidence, I have replaced Military Cross in Categories with the Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC), as latter has clear references. I have also replaced the DFC ribbon with that used post July 1919, as National Archive record is in file: AIR 2/207/101335/21 which is dated 1920-21. Hsq7278 (talk) 21:59, 19 November 2018

Picture caption questioned
The photograph against section First World War is captioned "Albert inspecting the front line with his officers", 'his' implying Belgian staff officers. The officers he is with look suspiciously like British given the uniforms worn (as he was colonel in chief of a British regiment and honorary British Army Field Marshal he was entitled to wear British uniform) - does anyone know a more authoritative source with better information on his companions; the source of this photo is the US Library of Congress.Cloptonson (talk) 20:59, 28 June 2016 (UTC)

House of Belgium
I notice the infobox here recorded Albert's family house as "Saxe-Coburg and Gotha"; as this was changed in 1920 to "of Belgium" it seems logical to make note of the fact. And it is misleading to list him and his descendants in that house thereafter. So I have changed it, and opened a new category for the House of Belgium, for those who belong to it. I trust everyone is OK with that. Swanny18 (talk) 12:35, 26 May 2018 (UTC)

PS: I also note that he is in the category "Princes of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha": has the Belgian house discarded this title also? Does anyone know? Swanny18 (talk) 12:36, 26 May 2018 (UTC)

Infobox picture
The infobox should show the most "representative" image of Albert I as per MOS:LEADIMAGE rather than the most aesthetic. I have reinstated File:Portrait of Albert I of Belgium.jpg because, in Belgian historical memory, the image of Albert I as "Soldier-King" is tied up with his portrayal in greatcoat and Adrian helmet, see: In fact, the originals are actually on permanent display in the BELvue Museum. In any case, it would be better if an consensus could be sought here before any change to this are made. —Brigade Piron (talk) 17:13, 24 October 2020 (UTC)

@ Would you be opposed to replacing the current version of the infobox picture with this one? It's identical in every way to the current version except for being cropped. In this way, the image of Albert I will be more prominently positioned within the frame thereby providing viewers of the page with a better view of him. Emiya1980 (talk) 10:46, 12 November 2021 (UTC) .
 * Hi, no opposition at all. It's the composition which matters, I think, not the picture itself. That looks better. —Brigade Piron (talk) 13:21, 12 November 2021 (UTC)

RfC of interest
(non-automated message) Greetings! I have opened an RfC on WT:ROYALTY that may be of interest to users following this article talk page! You are encouraged to contribute to this discussion here! Hurricane Andrew (444) 19:16, 24 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Albert I of Belgium


text:
User talk:Iluvcapra

Hi Iluvcapra, welcome to Wikipedia! Good work on Telecine -- you may want to check out How to edit a page for some advanced tips on tables and fractions. We don't need to use preformatted ASCII because we have HTML table support and a full-fledged TeX/LaTeX rendering backend :-). BTW, you can put something on User:Iluvcapra -- a personal intro, a list of articles you care about, basically anything you want. --Eloquence 02:00 Jan 19, 2003 (UTC)

Welcome to the Wikipedia! It's nice to have some more film folks here who can contribute on the tech end of things... --Brion 04:31 Jan 19, 2003 (UTC)

Well the Spirit didn't really lose contact. This ingenious little rover put itself into safe mode. The engineers most likely will be able to get the craft to send some engineering data (a memory dump), to help them diagnose the reason for the rover's decision to go into this "fault mode." From what I've heard, the engineers now have the ability to modify the software, and even reboot the machine. See MER-A for a more detailed explaination. Sennheiser 02:04, 23 Jan 2004 (UTC)
 * I will add that Steve Squyres, one of the project leaders said "I’ve never been on a flight project that didn’t have one of these. Every single one that I’ve been involved in has had an event like this, or worse than this."

Ulysses S. Grant
You're thinking of Harry S. Truman. - George Washington III 23:32, 7 May 2004 (UTC)

TeXnicalities
Hello. Please note the difference between

 * $$\pi(2 a^2 + \frac{b^2}{e} ln(\frac{1+e}{1-e}) ),$$

which you wrote at spheroid, and

 * $$\pi\left(2 a^2 + \frac{b^2}{e} \ln\left(\frac{1+e}{1-e}\right) \right),$$

not only in the size of the parentheses, but also in the appearance of the letters "ln". Michael Hardy 21:52, 10 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Re: Polybius square; we can probably get away with using table markup (just in case you were contemplating making an image) — Matt 00:14, 21 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks for doing some work on fixing these! You might be interested in using the special table markup, rather than HTML form, because it's slightly easier to read (and HTML tables are meant to be deprecated): http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide:_Using_tables ..cheers! — Matt 00:26, 21 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Cleanup
Hi! I see you're interested in filmmaking, and you're an experienced editor. Could you possibly lend a hand at Special:Contributions/PLima000 and help clean up that user's articles? Melchoir 04:19, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject Filmmaking Announcement
A PROPOSED PROJECT MERGER with WikiProject Films is under consideration. All opinions and questions are strongly encouraged! Girolamo Savonarola 01:24, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:ProToools.png)
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Susan Strickler
Strickler is an American television and theatre director; Nominated for three Daytime Emmys (1992, 1993, 2005) and won once in 1992; Nominated for two Directors Guild of America Awards and won once in 1993; Directed Guiding Light, One Life To Live, and Another World; She is close friends with Gary O. Bennett, Linda and David Laundra. ,, , ,

Darin Goldberg
Goldberg is an American writer and producer on Crude, Zoe Busiek: Wild Card, Strong Medicine, Time of Your Life, Push, Dawson's Creek, Fame L.A., Dangerous Minds, and New York Undercover. His writing partner is Shelley Meals.

Robin Burger
Burger is an American TV writer and producer on Houston Knights, Diagnosis Murder, Quantum Leap, Star Trek: The Next Generation, Matlock, MacGyver, Wild Card, She Spies, Earth: Final Conflict, Star Trek: Voyager, Remington Steele.

Carla Kettner
Kettner is an American writer and producer on Pacific Palisades, Due South, Vanished, Cold Squad, Killer Instinct, Judging Amy], Strong Medicine, and Early Edition. She won a 2003 Gracie Allen Award (she shared it with Whoopi Goldberg).

John Fisher
Fisher is an American television producer; Nominated for three Daytime Emmys and won once for Outstanding Drama Series (2005-2007); Served as a producer on Dr. Katz, Professional Therapist, Politically Incorrect, and The Original Max Talking Headroom Show.

Deborah Blackwell
Blackwell is an American television network executive who was responsible for the rise of soap opera centric cable network, SOAPnet. Under Blackwell, as general manager, the channel grew in distribution to more than 67 million homes and secured rights from NBC and CBS -- in addition to sib ABC -- to run same-day daytime soap episodes. The channel also acquired off-net primetime skeins such as "One Tree Hill" and "The OC" (and before that, "Melrose Place," "Beverly Hills 90210" and "Dallas"); SoapNet also extended its stable of original programming -- including its first-ever scripted entry, a spinoff of "General Hospital," and reality entry "The Fashionista Diaries." Blackwell left SOAPnet in October of 2007.

Linda Gase
Linda Gase is an American television writer who has worked on Standoff (co-Executive Producer), Crossing Jordan (co-executive producer), Wild Card, The District (executive story editor; co-producer), Live Through This (executive story editor), ER (Story editor).

2 IMDB Links

 * Mark Jean Mark Jean
 * Billy Grundfest Billy Grundfest

Morgan Gendel
Morgan Gendel is an American TV writer & producer 1996 Writers Guild of America nominee; 1996 Primetime Emmy nominee for Outstanding Drama Series; writer on 1-800-Missing, Spider-Man, Nash Bridges, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine; executive producer of The Dresden Files.

John Leekley
John Leekley American writer & producer on Wolf Lake, Miami Vice, Spawn

Jeffrey Stepakoff
Jeffrey Stepakoff is a Jewish American writer for Beauty And The Beast, Major Dad, Simon & Simon, Hyperion Bay, The Wonder Years, Dawson's Creek. He developed and wrote Disney’s Tarzan and Brother Bear. His 2007 book, Billion-Dollar Kiss: The Kiss That Saved Dawson's Creek and Other Adventures in TV Writing, was critically-acclaimed.

Thania St. John
Thania St. John is an American writer and producer on Life Goes On, Buffy the Vampire Slayer,Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman, 21 Jump Street, Eureka, Huff, Wild Card, Veritas: The Quest, VR.5, and Roswell.

Writers/Producers

 * Deborah Joy Levine (American writer and producer on Any Day Now, Dawson's Creek, Early Edition, Class Actions, The Division, Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman, Beautiful People, Courthouse, Strong Medicine)
 * Gene Reynolds
 * Michael Vejar
 * Randall Caldwell
 * Anna Fricke: American TV writer and producer on Dawson's Creek, Everwood, Men In Trees, The Trap, Touching Evil
 * David Cherrill (ex-Head Writer of Search For Tomorrow)
 * Jean Arley: American TV producer of Where The Heart Is & One Life To Live ;
 * Betty Rothenberg: American TV director of Y&R from 1984-2002. Nominated for 17 Daytime Emmys and won 7 times. Winner of a DGA Award. ;
 * Maxine Levinson (American TV producer & TV executive) (ex EP of OLTL, ex-VP of ABC Daytime), ,
 * Dave vonKleist More than 21,000 hits on Yahoo
 * David Hiltbrand
 * Burton Armus (Emmy nominated writer-NYPD Blue)
 * David Schulner: American TV writer/producer on Desperate Housewives, Miss Match, Tell Me You Love Me, Everwood, The Oaks, Once And Again, What About Brian,MDs

Laura Maria Censabella is an American playwright and screenwriter. She has been awarded three grants from the New York Foundation for the Arts: two in playwriting for Abandoned in Queens and Three Italian Women, and The Geri Ashur Award in Screenwriting for her original screenplay Truly Mary.

Her short play Posing was nominated for a Pushcart Prize, and The Actual Footage won the Tennessee Chapbook Prize for Drama. Both plays are published in Poems & Plays. She has written the short film adaptation Physics for HBO's Women: Breaking the Rules series, and she has won two Daytime Emmy Awards for her work on ATWT.

Censabella's half-hour independent film Last Call (directed by Robert Bailey) has been an official selection in festivals throughout the world, including the Avignon Film Festival, the Other Venice Film Festival, the Hermosa Shorts Film Festival, the Sedona International Film Festival, Anthology Film Archives, and the Breckenridge Film Festival where it won the Best Short Drama award.

Censabella's teaching experience includes the New School for Drama, the Actors Studio Drama School (where she developed the playwriting program with Romulus Linney), Columbia University's School of the Arts, Columbia College's Undergraduate Writing Program, City University's MFA Writing Program, The Sewanee Writers' Conference, and Summer Literary Seminars. She is a member of the Dramatists Guild and the Writers Guild of America, East, and graduated from Yale University.

External Links: MTSU; IMDB-LMC

Censabella Censabella Category:American television writers Category:Women television writers Category:Soap opera writers Category:Television writers

 * Christian Hawkey is an American author of The Book of Funnels (Winner of the 2006 Kate Tufts Discovery Award), the chapbook HourHour. In 2006 he was given a Creative Capital Innovative Literature Award, and he has also received awards from the Poetry Fund and the Academy of American Poets. He teaches at Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, NY, and his work has recently been translated into German, Slovene, French, and Portuguese.
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 * David Assael
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Nina Tassler
Tassler is an American television executive, a graduate of Boston University-bachelor of fine arts in theater), and holds the position of President, CBS Entertainment since September 2004. Her boss is Nancy Tellem, President, CBS Paramount Network Television Entertainment Group. Tassler oversees CBS' prime time, late night and daytime programming, as well as program development for all genres. Other Positions
 * Executive Vice President, Drama Series Development, CBS Entertainment (July 2003 -September 2004)
 * Senior Vice President, Drama Development, CBS Entertainment (1998- July 2003)
 * Vice President, Drama, CBS Productions (August 1997 - 1998)
 * Vice President, Drama Development, Warner Bros. Television (199? - 1997)
 * Director, Movies and Mini-Series, Lorimar/Warner Bros. Television (1990- ?)
 * External Links: Boston U: Tassler & Promo Magazine

Live Through This
Live Through This was a shortlived MTV series.
 * Executive producers: Michael Yudin, Bernard Lechowick, Paul Palmer, Robin Spry
 * Producer: Stewart Harding
 * Line producer: Michael Siry
 * Director: John L'Ecuyer
 * Writers: Karen Krenis, Brian Strause, George Huang, Bernard Lechowick
 * Cast: Jane McGregor, Jessica Welch, Sarah Manninen, Tom Lock, Matthew Carey, Bruce Dinsmore, David Nerman, Jennifer Dale, Ron Lea

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Harvey (1950 film)

Harvey is a 1950 American comedy-drama film based on Mary Chase's 1944 play of the same name, directed by Henry Koster, and starring James Stewart, Josephine Hull, Charles Drake, Cecil Kellaway, Jesse White, Victoria Horne, Wallace Ford and Peggy Dow. The story centers on a man whose best friend is a púca named Harvey, a 6 ft tall white invisible rabbit, and the ensuing debacle when the man's sister tries to have him committed to a sanatorium.

Plot
Elwood P. Dowd is an amiable but eccentric man whose best friend is an invisible, 6 ft white rabbit named Harvey. As described by Elwood, Harvey is a puca, a benign but mischievous creature from Celtic mythology. Elwood spends most of his time taking Harvey around town, drinking at various bars and introducing Harvey to almost every person he meets, much to the puzzlement of strangers, though Elwood's friends have accepted Harvey's (supposed) existence. His older sister Veta and his niece Myrtle Mae live with him in his large estate, but have become social outcasts along with Elwood due to his obsession with Harvey.

After Elwood ruins a party Veta and Myrtle Mae had arranged in secret, Veta finally tries to have him committed to a local sanatorium. In exasperation she admits to the attending psychiatrist, Dr. Sanderson, that she sees Harvey once in a while herself. Mistaking Veta for the real mental case, Sanderson has Elwood released and Veta locked up. Dr. Chumley, head of the sanatorium, discovers the mistake and realizes he must bring Elwood back, searching the town with Wilson, an orderly. With Veta's help, Chumley eventually tracks Elwood to his favorite bar, "Charlie's", and decides to confront him alone.

Four hours later, Wilson returns to the sanatorium, but learns from Sanderson and nurse Kelly that Chumley has not returned with Elwood. They arrive at Charlie's and find Elwood alone; he explains that Chumley had wandered off with Harvey after several rounds of drinks. When asked, Elwood explains that he met Harvey one night several years ago after escorting a drunk friend to a taxi, and they had since enjoyed going to bars and socializing with other patrons to hear their grand life stories and aspirations. Convinced Elwood is insane and may have harmed Chumley, Wilson calls the police and has Elwood escorted back to the sanatorium.

Chumley returns to the sanatorium disheveled and paranoid, and is followed by an invisible presence. When the others arrive, Chumley invites Elwood to his office. In private, Chumley says that he now knows Harvey is real, and Elwood explains Harvey's various powers, including his ability to stop time, send anyone to any destination for as long as they like, and then bring them back without a minute passing. Chumley expresses his fantasy to go to Akron with a beautiful woman for two weeks. Veta arrives with Judge Gaffney and Myrtle Mae, prepared to commit Elwood, but are convinced by Sanderson that an injection of a serum called Formula 977 will stop Elwood from "seeing the rabbit".

As they prepare the injection, Veta tries to pay the cab driver but, emptying her purse, is unable to find her smaller coin purse. She interrupts the injection procedure and asks Elwood to pay the driver. Warmed by Elwood's kindness, the cab driver explains how he has driven many people to the sanatorium to receive the same medicine, warning Veta that Elwood will soon become "a perfectly normal human being, and you know what stinkers they are." Veta is upset by this, and halts the injection; she then finds her coin purse, and realizes that Harvey had intervened to save her brother.

Leaving the institute, Elwood sees Harvey on the porch swing. Harvey tells him that he's decided to stay and take Chumley on his fantasy trip to Akron. Elwood walks out the gates dejected, but after they close he sees Harvey coming back, and the gate lever is moved to the open position by an unseen force. Elwood happily says "I prefer you too, Harvey", and they follow Veta and Myrtle Mae into the sunrise.

Cast

In addition, "Harvey as Himself" is shown in an on-screen credit as the final shot of the film.

Reception
Reviews from critics were mostly positive. Bosley Crowther of The New York Times wrote that "so freely flowing is the screenplay which Mrs. Chase and Oscar Brodney have prepared, so vivid and droll is the direction which Henry Koster has given it and, particularly, so darling is the acting of James Stewart, Josephine Hull and all the rest that a virtually brand new experience is still in store for even those who saw the play." Variety wrote that the play "loses little of its whimsical comedy charm in the screen translation", and that Stewart "would seem the perfect casting for the character so well does he convey the idea that escape from life into a pleasant half-world existence has many points in its favor." Harrison's Reports wrote, "A brief synopsis cannot do justice to the humor in the story, much of it delightful and some of it hilarious. Stewart is excellent in the leading role; his casual ease and amiability, and the quiet manner in which he explains his relationship with 'Harvey,' are fascinating." Richard L. Coe of The Washington Post called it "one of the most beguiling comedies possible ... I'm certain you'll admire the able playing of Stewart and the marvelous out-of-this-world perplexity of the superb Mrs. Hull. Both are Academy Award performances."

John McCarten of The New Yorker called it "a movie that only a case-hardened wowser would fail to find beguiling. Even if you saw the play, I don't think your familiarity with the alcoholic hallucinations of Elwood P. Dowd, the hero, will diminish your enjoyment of the film, and though James Stewart, who plays Dowd in the picture, doesn't bring to his part all the battered authority of Frank Fay, the originator of the role, he nevertheless succeeds in making plausible the notion that Harvey, the rabbit, would accept him as a pal." The Monthly Film Bulletin was less positive, writing that "Harvey himself scarcely begins to exist for the audience until the last few minutes. In his absence, the humours that can be extracted from the more obvious aspects of lunacy or suspected lunacy are wrung rather dry."

TV Guide says James Stewart gave "one of his finest performances in this lighthearted film", and it currently has five out of five stars on their site.

Stewart took a percentage of the profits. In 1953, William Goetz estimated that Stewart had earned $200,000 from the film, equivalent to $ million in.

Home media
In March 1990, James Stewart recorded a special narrative introduction, that would be combined with many of the film's still photos, which would be added to the film's original release on VHS. MCA Home Video released Harvey on VHS in 1990. This also appears on at least one DVD release of the film.

Awards and honors
James Stewart later declared in an interview that Josephine Hull had the most difficult role in the film, since she had to believe and not believe in the invisible rabbit... at the same time.

The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:
 * 2000: AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs – #35
 * 2005: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:
 * Elwood P. Dowd: "Well, I've wrestled with reality for thirty five years, Doctor, and I’m happy to state I finally won out over it." – Nominated
 * 2008: AFI's 10 Top 10:
 * #7 Fantasy Film

Remakes
The play/film was made for television several times:
 * 1958, in a version starring Art Carney as Elwood, and Marion Lorne, Larry Blyden, Elizabeth Montgomery, Fred Gwynne, Charlotte Rae, and Jack Weston.
 * 1970, in a version for West German television called Mein Freund Harvey, with Heinz Rühmann as Elwood.
 * 1972, in a version also starring James Stewart and featuring Helen Hayes as his sister Veta, Jesse White reprising his role as Duane Wilson and Fred Gwynne.
 * 1985, in a version for West German television, with Harald Juhnke as Elwood and Elisabeth Wiedemann as Veta.
 * 1996, starring Harry Anderson and Swoosie Kurtz in the Elwood and Veta roles along with Leslie Nielsen and William Schallert.

Producer Don Gregory purchased the merchandising and film rights to Harvey from the Mary Chase estate in 1996. In April 1999, Gregory sold the rights to Miramax Films, who beat out several high-profile bidders, including Walt Disney Pictures (represented by the producing team Barry Sonnenfeld and Barry Josephson), Universal Pictures and New Line Cinema. However, Miramax still intended to have Gregory produce Harvey. Universal was interested in having Harvey with Jim Carrey starring and Tom Shadyac directing, while New Line saw it as an Adam Sandler movie. Harvey Weinstein of Miramax was also considering Carrey and Sandler, as well as Tom Hanks. Weinstein wanted Harvey to be set in a modern setting. Weinstein eventually took the project to Dimension Films, who partnered with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer to co-finance. Craig Mazin was hired by Dimension in November 2001 to adapt the screenplay. John Travolta entered negotiations to star in March 2003, but the rights for Dimension and MGM lapsed, which were picked up by 20th Century Fox in 2008. Jonathan Tropper was hired to write the script, which, in August 2009, drew interest from Steven Spielberg as director. As a result, Spielberg pushed back development for an Abraham Lincoln biopic (which was released in 2012); a remake of Oldboy and an adaptation of The 39 Clues. It was then announced that Harvey would be a joint 50/50 production between 20th Century Fox and Spielberg's DreamWorks, with Spielberg and Gregory also set to produce the film. Tom Hanks, who previously worked with Spielberg on Saving Private Ryan, Catch Me If You Can and The Terminal, was considered for the lead role. Spielberg had also approached Robert Downey Jr., but in December 2009 Spielberg opted out after a dispute over his vision for the project.

In December 2018, it was reported that streaming service Netflix had started developing a version of Harvey.

Allusions
The Jimmy Stewart Museum, based in Stewart's hometown of Indiana, Pennsylvania, presents the Harvey Award to a distinguished celebrity tied to Stewart's spirit of humanitarianism. Past recipients include Robert Wagner, Shirley Jones, Janet Leigh, and Rich Little.

In the 1957 comedy film Desk Set starring Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn, Hepburn's character is given a large stuffed pink bunny rabbit by her boyfriend as a Christmas present. Pointing at the gift, she asks “Aren’t you going to introduce me to Harvey?”

A 1971 children's film, Mr. Horatio Knibbles, also starred a giant talking rabbit, visible only to one person.

The first episode of the 1975 television series The Invisible Man featured a scene with an invisible rabbit (wearing a visible collar) called "Harvey", in a cage in a laboratory.

The 1977 comic book story, "The Harvey Pekar Name Story," written by Harvey Pekar and illustrated by Robert Crumb, alludes to the play/film when Pekar describes how childhood acquaintances made fun of his name by calling him "Harvey the Rabbit."

A scene in the 1988 film Who Framed Roger Rabbit has a barfly confessing to Judge Doom, "I seen the rabbit" (seemingly referring to Roger, who is being wrongfully sought as a murder suspect). He puts his arm around an invisible presence and says, "Well say hello – Harvey!", as a means of both mocking Doom and protecting Roger. The movie takes place in 1947, while the play was released in 1944.

In the 1989 film Field of Dreams, farmer Ray Kinsella hears a voice in his cornfield that no one else can hear. His daughter, Karin, is later shown watching a scene from Harvey on TV.

The 1992 film Memoirs of an Invisible Man sees the recently-turned-invisible Nick Holloway, afraid to reveal his identity to a sinister government agent, answer "Harvey" when asked his name.

The character Andy Dufresne in The Shawshank Redemption, released in 1994, describes "Randall Stevens" – the fake person Dufresne created to launder money – as "a phantom, an apparition, second cousin to Harvey the rabbit."

In the Farscape television series, produced by The Jim Henson Company between 1999 and 2003, the main character Crichton was often "haunted" by visual-auditory hallucinations referred to as a neural-clone of his archenemy Scorpius, produced by an interactive neurochip embedded in his brain. This character is dubbed "Harvey" and called such by Crichton in direct reference to the original film.

In the 2000 film Sexy Beast, Ray Winstone's character sometimes sees a large imaginary rabbit.

In the 2001 movie A Beautiful Mind, John Nash points to an empty chair and says to his friend, "Have you met Harvey?"

The 2001 film Donnie Darko contains a six-foot tall rabbit named Frank, which haunts the titular character. Despite popular belief that this character was a reference to Harvey, Donnie Darko ' s writer/director Richard Kelly denies it. In an interview with Future Movies, he is quoted as saying: "I have never even seen the movie, it never occurred to me." In 2002, the Aero Theatre in Santa Monica programmed Harvey and Donnie Darko as a double feature.

In the series Scrubs, J.D.'s 'conscience' is his high school gym teacher in a bunny suit.

In 2004, the 15th-season episode of The Simpsons, "My Big Fat Geek Wedding" contained a similar imaginary rabbit acting as Barney's 'anti-sobriety' sponsor.

In the cartoon series Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends, the city's founder was Elwood P. Dowd.

In the 2008 video game Edna & Harvey: The Breakout, the titular protagonist has a stuffed rabbit named Harvey whom she imagines talks to her.

A British law firm was partially named after the rabbit.

In the 2015 episode "Adventures in Chinchilla-sitting" in the cartoon series Bob's Burgers, character Teddy seems to spot Louise's signature bunny ears. When he turns, the ears have disappeared and he remarks, "Thought I saw Harvey."

The British indie rock band Her's included a song named "Harvey" based on the film on their 2018 debut album Invitation to Her's. Harvey was one of lead singer Stephen Fitzpatrick's favorite films.

In 2019, the thirteenth episode of John Green's podcast The Anthropocene Reviewed featured the film, and an essay on the film was also included in Green's book of the same title published in 2021. In the essay he describes an episode of severe clinical depression, which led to him resigning from his job, upon which his boss told him "Watch Harvey". He writes how the film helped him to get well, and that he was eventually able to return to his job at Booklist magazine.

In the 2024 film IF, a film where a young girl discovers imaginary friends, or "IF" for short, the character Bea is watching Harvey on television before her attention is drawn to the noise of the IF Blossom outside her grandmother's apartment.

title: Harvey (1950 film)


text:
Talk:Foreign relations of Russia

Some Gaps
This article does not include a reference to the most current document on Russian foreign policy published by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, titled "Concept of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation", as approved by President of the Russian Federation V. Putin on 12 February 2013. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.83.132.49 (talk) 18:54, 1 October 2013 (UTC)

This article could especially use more detail concerning Russia's relations with countries on its borders, including both the "near abroad" and other countries. I'm not well-versed enough to take this on, but offer just a couple of suggestions here. (1) Russia's activities and interests Transcaucasia have always been complicated, in part by playing off the interests and fears of one group against others (e.g., Armenia vs. Azerbaijan re Karabagh, minorities in Georgia (Ossetians, Abkhazi) against the Georgian government). This goes back 100 years, but continues to this day. It plays out also in oil politics, pipelines from Azerbaijan bypassing Russia, etc. (2) Russia's activities and interests in Kazakhstan and Central Asia, and (3) Belarus-Russia federation; (4) more thoroughgoing review of relations with Ukraine.

Beyond the near abroad, and into the "far abroad," especially Russia's relations (other than border disputes) with important neighbors: the Koreas, Japan, China, Iran, Turkey, and the countries of E-C Europe.--Mack2 14:21, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

Bias
Sorry, I don't know proper rules of editing articles here, but doesn't anyone else notice how biased towards Russia the article is? That is, the conflicts with Latvia/Lithuania/etc. are not explored, the human rights problems are only presented as "allegations", and the oil and gas economic pressure on other countries is left out... --Anna (anna.uwc(at)gmail.com) 17 February 2007 —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 131.111.220.6 (talk) 11:18, 17 February 2007 (UTC).

No it's not biased, and human rights violations ARE only alleghations. QZX

 * Of course the articles will always be biased. But who will set them right?

-G

 * /*Global opinion*/ is based on the data by Pew Research Center, a think tank based in Washington, D.C. It would be the same as to post global opinion charts on the US based on data provided by RT(Russia Today).

I actually signed in to comment how blatantly anti-Russian this article and its author[s] are. Anyone who argues that it's pro-Russia is either so viscerally anti-Russian that any analysis falling short of their own antipathy comes in for criticism; or is invidiously insulting the general reader's intelligence. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 8.26.160.102 (talk) 11:04, 4 July 2017 (UTC)

Territorial evolution of Russia
Some text was removed from this page and placed (haphazardly) in a new article, Territorial evolution of Russia. Was there a reason for this? Should the be merged back together? -Harmil 20:22, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

Putin is still president
Until may 7th, so the scuttling of sanctions on iran are the act of putin —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.148.66.156 (talk) 14:45, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

Agreed, Putin section is not well written. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.164.119.33 (talk) 21:01, 21 October 2012 (UTC)

Article needs to be reorganized
The article is quite messy as it currently reads. In particular, the very long section about foreign relations during Putin's presidency seems to be one big unstructered pile of piecemeal bits of information. Basically, I feel that the article is in serious need of a profound re-write. __meco (talk) 13:49, 23 August 2008 (UTC)

Proposed WikiProject - Bilateral relations
There is now a upstart WikiProject to establish a concensus about WP's International bilateral relations articles, including "X-Y (country) relations" articles, at Centralized discussion/Bilateral international relations. Interested parties should add their names at WikiProject International relations/Bilateral relations task force if they wish to play a part in the discussions or have an Interest in this going forward. Thank you for your attention. CaribDigita (talk) 23:35, 29 April 2009 (UTC)

Third World War
http://www.amic.ru/news/191477/

Is this Third World War talk about Russia fighting China and NATO at the same time notable enough to include? Does it really drive Russian foreign policy or defense planning? Hcobb (talk) 14:33, 4 September 2012 (UTC)

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HUGE edit
Can somebody please tell me what just happened in the recent edit : because it's very hard to see in the diff and the number of bytes changed is almost frightening. Is it vandalism? Biased posting? Or just amazing dedication on the part of CaribDigita? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Double Plus Ungood (talk • contribs) 03:07, 8 March 2018 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Foreign relations of Russia
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Foreign relations of Russia's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "Russia": From 6th BRICS summit:  From Foreign relations of Denmark:  From Dissolution of the Soviet Union: "Who Lost Russia?", The New York Times, October 8, 2000 From LGBT rights in Russia:  From Burkina Faso–Soviet Union relations:  From Domestic policy of Vladimir Putin: No love lost, Yossi Mehlman, Haaretz, 11 December 2005

Reference named "books.google.com":

From Kosovo:

From Continuation War:

From Hugo Chávez: Holland, Alisha. A decade under Chávez. New York: Human Rights Watch. 2008. p 1.

From South Ossetia:

From Africa:

From Russia–Ukraine relations:

From Pristina: Sabrina P. Ramet The three Yugoslavias: state-building and legitimation, 1918–2005

From Angola:

From Foreign relations of Afghanistan:

From Germany: Ian Kershaw.Stalinism and Nazism: dictatorships in comparison . Cambridge University Press, 1997, p.150 ISBN 0-521-56521-9

Reference named "mfat":

From Foreign relations of Mongolia:

From Foreign relations of Japan: mfat

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 02:11, 9 March 2018 (UTC)

Links to main articles not uniform in appearance
and possibly other variations I do not know which one is the preferred one according to Wikipedia guidelines but I assume that they should be uniform in appearance. --84.160.224.39 (talk) 23:23, 8 March 2020 (UTC)
 * "See A–B relations"
 * "see A–B relations"
 * "See A–B relations"
 * "   Main article: A–B relations"

Foreign Policy Directorate
Shouldn't the Russian Foreign Policy Directorate, which was until recently headed by Aleksandr Manzhosin, be at least mentioned briefly in this article?

See the following link: https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/3724752 173.88.246.138 (talk) 02:35, 18 July 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Foreign relations of Russia


text:
Step function

In mathematics, a function on the real numbers is called a step function if it can be written as a finite linear combination of indicator functions of intervals. Informally speaking, a step function is a piecewise constant function having only finitely many pieces.

Definition and first consequences
A function $$f\colon \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$$ is called a step function if it can be written as
 * $$f(x) = \sum\limits_{i=0}^n \alpha_i \chi_{A_i}(x)$$, for all real numbers $$x$$

where $$n\ge 0$$, $$\alpha_i$$ are real numbers, $$A_i$$ are intervals, and $$\chi_A$$ is the indicator function of $$A$$:
 * $$\chi_A(x) = \begin{cases}

1 & \text{if } x \in A \\ 0 & \text{if } x \notin A \\ \end{cases}$$

In this definition, the intervals $$A_i$$ can be assumed to have the following two properties:
 * 1) The intervals are pairwise disjoint: $$A_i \cap A_j = \emptyset$$ for $$i \neq j$$
 * 2) The union of the intervals is the entire real line: $$\bigcup_{i=0}^n A_i = \mathbb R.$$

Indeed, if that is not the case to start with, a different set of intervals can be picked for which these assumptions hold. For example, the step function
 * $$f = 4 \chi_{[-5, 1)} + 3 \chi_{(0, 6)}$$

can be written as
 * $$f = 0\chi_{(-\infty, -5)} +4 \chi_{[-5, 0]} +7 \chi_{(0, 1)} + 3 \chi_{[1, 6)}+0\chi_{[6, \infty)}.$$

Variations in the definition
Sometimes, the intervals are required to be right-open or allowed to be singleton. The condition that the collection of intervals must be finite is often dropped, especially in school mathematics,  though it must still be locally finite, resulting in the definition of piecewise constant functions.

Examples

 * A constant function is a trivial example of a step function. Then there is only one interval, $$A_0=\mathbb R.$$
 * The sign function $sgn(x)$, which is −1 for negative numbers and +1 for positive numbers, and is the simplest non-constant step function.
 * The Heaviside function $H(x)$, which is 0 for negative numbers and 1 for positive numbers, is equivalent to the sign function, up to a shift and scale of range ($$H = (\sgn + 1)/2$$). It is the mathematical concept behind some test signals, such as those used to determine the step response of a dynamical system.
 * The rectangular function, the normalized boxcar function, is used to model a unit pulse.

Non-examples

 * The integer part function is not a step function according to the definition of this article, since it has an infinite number of intervals. However, some authors also define step functions with an infinite number of intervals.

Properties

 * The sum and product of two step functions is again a step function. The product of a step function with a number is also a step function. As such, the step functions form an algebra over the real numbers.
 * A step function takes only a finite number of values. If the intervals $$A_i,$$ for $$i=0, 1, \dots, n$$ in the above definition of the step function are disjoint and their union is the real line, then $$f(x)=\alpha_i$$ for all $$x\in A_i.$$
 * The definite integral of a step function is a piecewise linear function.
 * The Lebesgue integral of a step function $$\textstyle f = \sum_{i=0}^n \alpha_i \chi_{A_i}$$ is $$\textstyle \int f\,dx = \sum_{i=0}^n \alpha_i \ell(A_i),$$ where $$\ell(A)$$ is the length of the interval $$A$$, and it is assumed here that all intervals $$A_i$$ have finite length. In fact, this equality (viewed as a definition) can be the first step in constructing the Lebesgue integral.
 * A discrete random variable is sometimes defined as a random variable whose cumulative distribution function is piecewise constant. In this case, it is locally a step function (globally, it may have an infinite number of steps). Usually however, any random variable with only countably many possible values is called a discrete random variable, in this case their cumulative distribution function is not necessarily locally a step function, as infinitely many intervals can accumulate in a finite region.

title: Step function


text:
Talk:Brigitte Boisselier

Solicitation of Brigitte Boisselier for dating/marriage
Put your text for the new page here.Hello Birgitte.My name is Sanne Modig,I`m from sweden.I have read the text about you on the `Swedich` tv-text on the mytelevision.I`m 27 years old,almost 28,in the 5`thift of feburary this year.I`m not so good too write in English,but I trye,I`m very intresste in your program,`baby`.................:)I think that very much people have whrite to you and they,want too be on your program.I`m a very sure aboute this.Please send me a messege.I wait for your mail.If you don`t see this soo seriuse,please mail me back so I dont site and wait for your mail,or your anserw.Please,I really want this,so please call me,on [number deleted for privacy reasons] or send me a mail on [e mail redacted] —Preceding unsigned comment added by 217.208.150.161 (talk • contribs)

 * I am sure you can call Brigitte at her day job at Clonaid, loser. you need a net dating service. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 142.177.104.158 (talk • contribs)

 * Nice. Being nasty isn't necessary.  -- Zoe

 * Is it a joke??? --noaccount —Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.40.177.216 (talk • contribs)

 * I don't blame you, Sanne; she is kind of hot, but I don't think this is an appropriate use of the talk page.--The Fat Man Who Never Came Back 18:38, 7 October 2007 (UTC)

 * She's at least 50 years old.Kmarinas86 19:54, 7 October 2007 (UTC)

But what has she done lately?
Has Boisselier disappeared from the public eye after her announcements a few years ago?--The Fat Man Who Never Came Back 18:38, 7 October 2007 (UTC)

Use of "Dr"
We just use people's names in articles, see Albert Einstein for example. Tim Vickers (talk) 20:09, 24 February 2008 (UTC)

Recent edits are excellent
We obviously have an expert writer fixing up the article on Brigitte Boisselier. In a mere span of days, this article has moved from a stub to what is clearly is a valid candidate for Good article status. Wonderful! (link to recent edits)siNkarma86—Expert Sectioneer of Wikipedia undefined 14:46, 3 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Thank you very much, I'm glad to hear that you like it. It was a pleasure to research and write! Mark Arsten (talk) 16:22, 3 January 2013 (UTC)

Dead reference links
Despite previous adulation for the professionalism of the page, it remains bizarre that this person warrants more than a stub. References are difficult to verify (and generally won't be verified by casual users, which is a significant problem), there are patches of subtle editorializing within the article, and ultimately it seems that the only reason that this woman has garnered her own page is that she made several fantastic, unverifiable claims. Clearly not a priority, but take this article with a wheelbarrow of salt.--Concerned Editor 01:19 7 October 2014 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 73.188.108.183 (talk)

Is this photo accurate?
Photo provided here doesn't look at all like the photos on Google Images, incl. screenshots from C-SPAN. What gives? Time to find a new image? QueensanditsCrazy (talk) 21:37, 27 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Brigitte Boisselier


text:
Talk:File Transfer Protocol

Anonymous FTP ?
I don't understand, in the article, why trivial FTP or Gopher are "alternatives" to anonymous FTP. How do those address the issues against anonymous FTP? And isn't TFTP only useful in a local network since it doesn't use the reliable TCP? —Długosz

 * TFTP and Gopher each use a single TCP connection instead of two in the way that FTP does. In situations where anonymous FTP would be used, but might be obstructed due to firewall issues because of the dual connection requirement, TFTP or Gopher can supply the same service -- anonymously retrieving a file without authentication -- to get around the firewall issue.
 * TFTP can theoretically work wherever UDP works, but you are correct, it is usually only useful on high speed LANs, though this is more due to latency issues -- TFTP only transmits one packet at a time, then waits for acknowledgement, much like the old XMODEM protocol for modems -- rather then because of reliability problems.dc

unique/static IP required for anonymous ftp??
Many webhosts claim that a unique IP is required to set up an anonymous ftp server. It is never explained why a static IP is necessary. Can the article address this point? Why can't we have anonymous download from an ftp server with a shared IP? Thanks. AugustinMa (talk) 09:27, 12 June 2008 (UTC)
 * As far as I know, as long as both client and server recognize each other IP for the whole length of an ftp session, the server can serve the client. Just follow the actions during an ftp session to see where each party must know the exact IP of the other. Other then that, the server can live in any IP. It also could change its IP from time to time. webhosts tend to use shortcuts for different reasons. 217.132.74.2 (talk) 17:16, 27 March 2015 (UTC)

Active mode without PORT command ?
According to RFC 959, PORT command is not needed because "There are defaults for both the user and server data ports, and under normal circumstances this command and its reply are not needed." but this fact is never mentioned in the article 125.161.204.150 (talk) 08:35, 26 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Those defaults are partially mentioned. Quoting the Communication and data transfer subsection Here is the default for the client port. The default for the server port, 20, indeed not mentioned. But not saying anything about it, some might think that it is a fixed port. By the way, the following from text comment to the sentence I just quoted, namely is a bit odd. Why should the client announce something the server can calculate by itself? The answer is, probably:

 * 1) N+1 is the default.
 * 2) The client might tell another port.
 * Is that apparent from the text?
 * To conclude, I think the subsection should be rephrased.
 * 217.132.74.2 (talk) 17:55, 27 March 2015 (UTC)

Need some specific info on proper server responses for various FTP client commands.
For each possible client command, I would like to know the proper server response. I'm creating my own FTP server software and want to know EXACTLY the signal that the server should send when the client calls PASV. I know it should contain the IP address and the port of the file server, but what is the format of that response? Is it "227 123.123.123.123:12345" or is it something else? Please post this kind of info here on Wikipedia. I can't find this specific info anywhere on the net. Animedude5555 (talk) 22:56, 22 September 2013 (UTC)

some correction is needed>>>>>>>>>>>>> — Preceding unsigned comment added by 120.89.119.32 (talk) 06:51, 1 June 2014 (UTC)

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title: Talk:File Transfer Protocol


text:
Lou Grant

Lou Grant is a fictional character played by Ed Asner in two television series produced by MTM Enterprises for CBS. The first was The Mary Tyler Moore Show (1970–1977), a half-hour light-hearted situation comedy in which the character was the news director at fictional television station WJM-TV in Minneapolis. A spinoff series, entitled Lou Grant (1977–1982), was an hour-long serious dramatic series that frequently engaged in social commentary, featuring the same character as city editor of the fictional Los Angeles Tribune. Although spin-offs are common on American television, Lou Grant remains one of a very few characters played by the same actor to have a leading role on both a popular comedy and a popular dramatic series.

Pre-WJM-TV
Although the setting of The Mary Tyler Moore Show might have implied that he was a native Minnesotan, Lou Grant in fact established that he was born in the fictional rural town of Goshen, Michigan in 1925. He was the son of John Simpson Grant and Ellen Hammersmith Grant; his grandfather was a pharmacist. At some point in his youth and early adulthood he developed a lifelong affection for westerns, particularly those starring John Wayne. In high school, he was a tackle for his school's football team. Soon after high school, he married Edie MacKenzie (Priscilla Morrill), at an age young enough to have four grandchildren before he turned 50.

After marriage he became a combatant in World War II. He served in both the Pacific and European Theatres. At one point, he was a sergeant in the Pacific-based 2nd Marine Division. During another phase of his wartime service he was injured by a grenade in France, the last remnants of which were removed only in his late 40s. He was also part of a unit that liberated an unknown town in Germany. During the war he met and befriended Walter Cronkite.

He attended college (although on several occasions he stated he never had the chance to attend), likely after the war. He started his career in print journalism as a copy boy but it is unclear whether this was in Detroit, Minneapolis or San Francisco as he worked for papers in all three cities. In this period of his life, he met and worked with Charlie Hume (Mason Adams) for the first time at the San Francisco Call-Bulletin, and worked with Jack Riley (Eugene Roche).

WJM-TV
At some point in his late 30s he made the transition to broadcast journalism, and by the time of the 1966 elections he was working on a radio news show, as he explained to Mary Richards on the occasion of her producing her first news show all by herself at WJM-TV. He eventually became the head of the WJM news department. He worked in that capacity for 11 years. For most of that period, Mary Richards served as his associate producer (later producer, with Lou having the title of executive producer, and she reported to him), Ted Baxter as his news anchor and Murray Slaughter as his head writer.

Of these relationships, the one with Richards was likely the closest. Except for one abortive attempt at romance, his general attitude towards Mary was paternalistic. A typical display of his affection for Richards came when his nephew, Allen, tried to put the moves on Mary. Lou became infuriated and said "Listen you, let me remind you of something, and remember this forever. I think of this girl here as if she were my own daughter and that means she is your cousin, you get my drift?"

He was a heavy drinker, with a penchant for hiding whole bottles of scotch in his desk drawers. His personality was outwardly that of a tough loner and a workaholic man's man. The real Lou Grant was somewhat more complicated. He was quick to anger and had a violent streak, at times threatening the barely competent Ted Baxter and once causing him physical injury. However, those who understood him best, like Mary Richards, knew he was also painfully shy, with a particular awkwardness around women. With those few people he trusted, Lou was protective and could at times confide his emotional vulnerability. When he learned that Ted considered him his "best friend", he took pity on him, at least until Ted infuriated him again.

Lou's marriage began to slide as he and Edie both adjusted to life after parenthood. They briefly separated for the first time almost immediately after their youngest daughter got married and left the house. Though they reconciled on this occasion, they would occasionally re-separate and seek marriage counseling over the next two years. In about 1973 he and Edie divorced, after which Edie promptly remarried. Lou, who had been consistently portrayed as a devoted husband, tentatively began to date again. He went out with a woman named Charlene (Sheree North; Janis Paige in "Menage-a-Lou" of Season 6) in particularly Season 5; Mary's best friend Rhoda Morgenstern in Season 4; Mary's next-door neighbor, Paula Kovacks (Penny Marshall) in Season 6; Mary's Aunt Flo (Eileen Heckart) in Seasons 6 and 7; and even with Mary herself in the penultimate episode. He and Sue Ann Nivens had a drunken one-night-stand.

Professionally, his career with WJM-TV ended in the final episode. Lou, along with Mary, Murray, and Sue Ann Nivens, was fired due to low ratings. Lou's sometime-nemesis, the vacuous Ted Baxter—the real cause for the ratings slide—was retained.

Los Angeles Tribune
Lou Grant, a spin-off drama from the comedy show Mary Tyler Moore, opens with Grant relocating to Los Angeles, to work with as City Editor with an old buddy, Charley Hume, who is managing editor of the fictitious Los Angeles Tribune, His subordinates at that time included staff reporters Joe Rossi (Robert Walden); Billie Newman (Linda Kelsey); her predecessor, Carla Mardigian (Rebecca Balding); and photographer Dennis "Animal" Price (Daryl Anderson). His assistant city editor was Art Donovan (Jack Bannon). Charlie Hume was now his boss, who ultimately reported to publisher Margaret Jones Pynchon (Nancy Marchand). They, like those back at WJM, became his family. In the last episode of season one it is revealed that he has just turned 50, a continuity error from The Mary Tyler Moore Show; he would have turned 53 in 1978. There is one character on Lou Grant, reporter Rosenthal, who is mentioned frequently but never seen. Lou Grant was cancelled after the star, Ed Asner, publicly protested U.S. interventions into the politics of Latin American countries.

Unofficial appearances

 * During the second season of the Lou Grant series, the Toronto Sun newspaper arranged a series of press conferences, interviews and announcements (with participation from Asner), stating that Lou Grant was joining the Sun as their new senior city editor. Asner (as Grant) ostensibly worked in the newsroom for a day, and the March 23, 1979 issue of the Sun newspaper actually formally named Lou Grant as city editor on their masthead. The publicity stunt concluded with Grant being "fired" from the Sun after one day, allegedly for being "too disruptive to the flow of the newsroom" due to of all the news organizations following him around with cameras.

 * In a 1984 episode of Saturday Night Live, on which Asner was a guest, Lou hired a team of mercenaries to "rescue" Mary Richards after she got stuck in the '70s in syndicated reruns. But Mary refused rescue on the grounds that she never ages and never gains weight, and that people still like her. Mary Richards and the rest of the Mary Tyler Moore Show characters hadn't existed anywhere, except in reruns, for several years.  (Lou Grant had been cancelled about 2 years previously.)

 * In 1996 the character appeared on "Call Waiting", an episode of Roseanne, in a dream sequence experienced by the show's lead. Roseanne (Roseanne Barr) was Mary and Dan (John Goodman) was Lou, and the two got into a heated argument. Lou stomped out, but quickly returned and was then played by Asner. (He commented about not feeling like himself.) Asner was uncredited.

 * In 1998, Asner appeared in a cameo role as an Associated Press editor in the miniseries More Tales of the City (based on the series of Armistead Maupin novels). Though not identified by any name in dialogue, the character's demeanor was similar to that of the Lou Grant character. However, the character was identified as "Jack Lederer" in the credits, and the character's apparent age -- if meant to be Lou Grant -- doesn't fit with the 1978 setting of the show (Asner was nearly 70 at the time of filming, while Lou Grant in the mid-to-late-1970s would have been around 50).

 * In a 2000 episode of the short lived Ellen Show, series regular Cloris Leachman reunites with Mary Tyler Moore. Cloris had played Phyllis on the Mary Tyler Moore show and its spinoff, Phyllis.  Though the Mary and Cloris reunion was advertised well publicized, Ed Asner had a surprise cameo as Santa Clause.  Mary called him "Mister Clause," in homage to the fact that her character had always called Lou Grant "Mister Grant."

 * In 2004, Asner unofficially reprised the role in a series of ads promoting Twin Cities station KSTP-TV, a real television station in the same market as the fictional WJM-TV.

 * Additionally in 2013, Asner again reprised the role for a series of promos for The Mary Tyler Moore Show airing on MeTV.

Reception
Asner won five Primetime Emmy Awards for his portrayal of Lou, with three of these awards for The Mary Tyler Moore Show and two for Lou Grant. Bravo ranked Lou 35th on their list of the 100 greatest TV characters.

title: Lou Grant


text:
List of premiers of Manitoba

The Canadian province of Manitoba was created in 1870. Manitoba has a unicameral Westminster-style parliamentary government, in which the premier is the leader of the party that controls the most seats in the Legislative Assembly. The premier is Manitoba's head of government, and the King of Canada is its head of state and is represented by the Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba. The premier picks a cabinet from the elected members to form the Executive Council of Manitoba, and then presides over that body.

Members are first elected to the legislature during general elections. General elections must be conducted every four years from the date of the last election, but the premier may ask for early dissolution of the Legislative Assembly. An election may also happen if the governing party loses the confidence of the legislature by the defeat of a supply bill or tabling of a confidence motion.

Before 1888, Manitoba had no formal party system; premiers were officially non-partisan and were chosen by elected members of the Legislative Assembly from among themselves.

Manitoba has had 24 individuals serve as premier since the province was formed, of which six were non-partisan, nine were Progressive Conservatives, four were Liberals, four were New Democrats and one was Progressive. However, during the early years of the province, the leading minister in the legislature was designated provincial secretary and the government was de facto led by the Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba; it was not until 1874 that responsible government was introduced and the title of "premier" used. The early provincial secretaries, as the most prominent elected officials in the province, are retroactively counted as premiers in modern sources.

This article only covers the time since the province was created in 1870. Before that, the territory was part of the District of Assiniboia in Rupert's Land, and was loosely controlled by the Hudson's Bay Company.

Wab Kinew is the incumbent premier, since October 2023.

On 7 December 2023, Louis Riel was granted the honorary title of "First Premier of Manitoba" after the Louis Riel Act received royal assent. As it is an honorary title, however, Alfred Boyd remains the official first premier of the province.

Premiers of Manitoba

 * colspan="10"|Chief Ministers of Manitoba
 * colspan="10"|Chief Ministers of Manitoba

 * colspan="10"|Premiers of Manitoba
 * colspan="10"|Premiers of Manitoba

title: List of premiers of Manitoba