text:
1930 in film

The following is an overview of 1930 in film, including significant events, a list of films released and notable births and deaths.

Top-grossing films (U.S.)
The top ten 1930 released films by box office gross in North America are as follows:

Events

 * February 21: Anna Christie, Greta Garbo's first sound film is released, it grosses $1.5 million.
 * February 23: Silent screen legend Mabel Normand dies at the age of 37 in Monrovia, California after a lengthy battle with tuberculosis.
 * March 10: Release of Goodbye Argentina (Adiós Argentina), the first Argentine film with a (musical) soundtrack. Ada Cornaro has her first starring role and Libertad Lamarque makes her film debut.
 * April 6: William Fox sells his interest in Fox Film for $18 million and Harley L. Clarke becomes president.
 * May 27: Howard Hughes' epic film Hell's Angels premieres at Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood and features Jean Harlow in her first major role as well as some impressive aerial sequences. Although not a financial success upon its release due to its bloated budget, the film is acclaimed by critics and launches Harlow as one of the 1930s' biggest stars.
 * August 9: Cartoon character Betty Boop appears for the first time on screen, in the animated film Dizzy Dishes.
 * September 3: The Hollywood Reporter is first published.
 * September 19: The Love Parade receives a record six Academy Award nominations.
 * November 1: The Big Trail featuring a young John Wayne in his first starring role is released in both 35mm and a very early form of 70mm film. It is the first large scale big-budget film of the sound era, costing over $2 million. The film is praised for its aesthetic quality and realism that will not become commonplace until many decades later. However, due to the new film format and the film's release during the Great Depression, the film will go on to become a financial failure at the box office.

Academy Awards

 * Best Picture: All Quiet on the Western Front – Universal Pictures
 * Best Director: Lewis Milestone – All Quiet on the Western Front
 * Best Actor: George Arliss – Disraeli
 * Best Actress: Norma Shearer – The Divorcee

Notable films released in 1930
United States unless stated

A

 * Abi and Rabi, starring and directed by Ovanes Ohanian – (Iran)
 * Abraham Lincoln, directed by D. W. Griffith, starring Walter Huston and Una Merkel
 * L'Âge d'Or (The Golden Age), directed by Luis Buñuel – (France)
 * All Quiet on the Western Front, directed by Lewis Milestone, starring Lew Ayres and Louis Wolheim
 * Alraune, directed by Richard Oswald – (Germany)
 * Animal Crackers, directed by Victor Heerman, starring the Marx Brothers
 * Anna Christie, directed by Clarence Brown, starring Greta Garbo
 * The Arizona Kid, directed by Alfred Santell, starring Warner Baxter and Carole Lombard

B

 * The Bad Man, directed by Clarence G. Badger, starring Walter Huston
 * The Bat Whispers, directed by Roland West, starring Chester Morris and Una Merkel
 * The Benson Murder Case, directed by Frank Tuttle, starring William Powell
 * Big Boy, directed by Alan Crosland, starring Al Jolson
 * The Big House, directed by George Hill, starring Chester Morris, Wallace Beery, Lewis Stone and Robert Montgomery
 * The Big Pond, directed by Hobart Henley, starring Maurice Chevalier and Claudette Colbert
 * The Big Trail, directed by Raoul Walsh, starring John Wayne
 * Billy the Kid, directed by King Vidor, starring Johnny Mack Brown and Wallace Beery
 * Der blaue Engel (The Blue Angel), directed by Josef von Sternberg, starring Marlene Dietrich and Emil Jannings – (Germany)
 * The Blood of a Poet (Le Sang d'un Poète), directed by Jean Cocteau – (France)
 * Borderline, directed by Kenneth Macpherson, starring Paul Robeson – (GB)
 * Bride of the Regiment (lost), directed by John Francis Dillon, starring Walter Pidgeon
 * Bright Lights, directed by Michael Curtiz

C

 * Call of the Flesh, directed by Charles Brabin, starring Ramón Novarro
 * The Cat Creeps (lost), directed by Rupert Julian, starring Helen Twelvetrees
 * Chasing Rainbows, directed by Charles Reisner, starring Charles King, Bessie Love, Jack Benny and Marie Dressler
 * Check and Double Check, directed by Melville W. Brown, starring Amos 'n' Andy
 * Children of Pleasure, directed by Harry Beaumont
 * City Girl, directed by F. W. Murnau, starring Mary Duncan and Charles Farrell
 * Common Clay (lost), directed by Victor Fleming, starring Constance Bennett and Lew Ayres
 * The Cuckoos, directed by Paul Sloane, starring Wheeler & Woolsey

D

 * Danger Lights, directed by George B. Seitz, starring Louis Wolheim, Robert Armstrong and Jean Arthur
 * The Dawn Patrol, directed by Howard Hawks, starring Richard Barthelmess, Douglas Fairbanks Jr. and Neil Hamilton
 * The Devil to Pay!, directed by George Fitzmaurice, starring Ronald Colman, Loretta Young and Myrna Loy
 * The Divorcee, directed by Robert Z. Leonard, starring Norma Shearer, Chester Morris, Conrad Nagel and Robert Montgomery
 * Dixiana, directed by Luther Reed, starring Bebe Daniels and Wheeler & Woolsey
 * Doughboys, directed by Edward Sedgwick, starring Buster Keaton and Cliff Edwards

E

 * Earth (Zemlya), directed by Alexander Dovzhenko – (U.S.S.R.)
 * Elstree Calling, directed by Adrian Brunel and Alfred Hitchcock – (GB)
 * Escape!, directed by Basil Dean, starring Gerald du Maurier and Edna Best – (GB)

F

 * Fast and Loose, directed by Fred C. Newmeyer, starring Miriam Hopkins, Carole Lombard and Frank Morgan
 * Feet First, directed by Clyde Bruckman, starring Harold Lloyd
 * The Florodora Girl, directed by Harry Beaumont, starring Marion Davies
 * The Flute Concert of Sanssouci (Das Flötenkonzert von Sans-souci), directed by Gustav Ucicky, starring Otto Gebühr – (Germany)
 * Follow Thru, directed by Laurence Schwab and Lloyd Corrigan, starring Charles 'Buddy' Rogers
 * Free and Easy, directed by Edward Sedgwick, starring Buster Keaton, Anita Page and Robert Montgomery

G

 * The Girl Said No, directed by Sam Wood, starring William Haines, Leila Hyams and Marie Dressler
 * Good News, directed by Nick Grinde, starring Bessie Love and Cliff Edwards

H

 * Hell's Angels, directed by Howard Hughes, starring Jean Harlow and Ben Lyon
 * Her Man, directed by Tay Garnett, starring Helen Twelvetrees
 * High Society Blues, directed by David Butler, starring Janet Gaynor and Charles Farrell
 * Hold Everything (lost), directed by Roy Del Ruth, starring Joe E. Brown
 * Holiday, directed by Edward H. Griffith, starring Ann Harding and Mary Astor

I

 * Imperial and Royal Field Marshal (C. a k. polní maršálek), directed by Karel Lamač – (Czechoslovakia)
 * Ingagi, directed by William S. Campbell

J

 * Journey's End, directed by James Whale, starring Colin Clive – (GB/US)
 * Just Imagine, directed by David Butler

K

 * King of Jazz, directed by John Murray Anderson, starring Paul Whiteman, John Boles and Laura La Plante

L

 * Ladies Love Brutes, directed by Rowland V. Lee, starring George Bancroft, Mary Astor and Fredric March
 * Ladies of Leisure, directed by Frank Capra, starring Barbara Stanwyck
 * A Lady to Love, directed by Victor Sjöström, starring Vilma Bánky and Edward G. Robinson
 * Leathernecking, directed by Edward F. Cline, starring Irene Dunne
 * Let's Go Native, directed by Leo McCarey, starring Jack Oakie and Jeanette MacDonald
 * Liliom, directed by Frank Borzage, starring Charles Farrell and Rose Hobart
 * Lightnin', directed by Henry King, starring Will Rogers, Louise Dresser and Joel McCrea
 * Loose Ankles, directed by Ted Wilde, starring Loretta Young and Douglas Fairbanks Jr.
 * Lord Byron of Broadway, directed by Harry Beaumont and William Nigh
 * The Lottery Bride, directed by Paul L. Stein, starring Jeanette MacDonald, Joe E. Brown and ZaSu Pitts

M

 * Madam Satan, directed by Cecil B. DeMille, starring Kay Johnson
 * Mamba, directed by Albert S. Rogell, starring Jean Hersholt and Eleanor Boardman
 * Mammy, directed by Michael Curtiz, starring Al Jolson
 * The Man from Blankley's (lost), directed by Alfred E. Green, starring John Barrymore and Loretta Young
 * A Man from Wyoming, directed by Rowland V. Lee, starring Gary Cooper
 * Manslaughter, directed by George Abbott, starring Claudette Colbert and Fredric March
 * Min and Bill, directed by George Hill, starring Marie Dressler and Wallace Beery
 * Montana Moon, directed by Malcolm St. Clair, starring Joan Crawford and Johnny Mack Brown
 * Monte Carlo, directed by Ernst Lubitsch, starring Jack Buchanan and Jeanette MacDonald
 * Morocco, directed by Josef von Sternberg, starring Gary Cooper, Marlene Dietrich and Adolphe Menjou
 * Murder!, directed by Alfred Hitchcock, starring Herbert Marshall – (GB)
 *  (Le Mystère de la chambre jaune), directed by Marcel L'Herbier – (France)

N

 * Nerone (lost), directed by Alessandro Blasetti, starring Ettore Petrolini – (Italy)
 * Night Birds, directed by Richard Eichberg – (Germany/GB)
 * Not So Dumb, directed by King Vidor, starring Marion Davies

O

 * The Other (Der Andere), directed by Robert Wiene – (Germany)
 * Outside the Law, directed by Tod Browning, starring Edward G. Robinson and Mary Nolan

P

 * Paid, directed by Sam Wood, starring Joan Crawford, Robert Armstrong and Marie Prevost
 * Paramount on Parade, an all-star revue
 * Peacock Alley, directed by Marcel de Sano, starring Mae Murray
 * People on Sunday (Menschen am Sonntag), directed by Robert Siodmak and Edgar G. Ulmer – (Germany)
 * Prix de Beauté (Beauty Prize), directed by Augusto Genina, starring Louise Brooks – (France)
 * Puttin' On the Ritz, directed by Edward Sloman, starring Harry Richman and Joan Bennett

Q

 * Queen High, directed by Fred C. Newmeyer, starring Charles Ruggles, Frank Morgan, and Ginger Rogers

R

 * Raffles, directed by George Fitzmaurice, starring Ronald Colman and Kay Francis
 * Reaching for the Moon, directed by Edmund Goulding, starring Douglas Fairbanks and Bebe Daniels
 * Renegades, directed by Victor Fleming, starring Warner Baxter, Myrna Loy and Noah Beery Sr.
 * The Return of Dr. Fu Manchu, directed by Rowland V. Lee, starring Warner Oland, Jean Arthur and Neil Hamilton
 * The Rogue Song (lost), directed by Lionel Barrymore, starring Lawrence Tibbett
 * The Royal Family of Broadway, directed by George Cukor and Cyril Gardner, starring Fredric March and Mary Brian

S

 * Show Girl in Hollywood, directed by Mervyn LeRoy, starring Alice White
 * Son of the Gods,,directed by Frank Lloyd. starring Richard Barthelmess and Constance Bennett
 * Song o' My Heart, directed by Frank Borzage, starring John McCormack
 * The Song of Love (La canzone dell'amore), directed by Gennaro Righelli – (Italy)
 * Soup to Nuts, directed by Benjamin Stoloff, starring Ted Healy and His Stooges
 * Spring Is Here, directed by John Francis Dillon
 * St. Jorgen's Day (Prazdnik svyatogo Yorgena), directed by Yakov Protazanov – (U.S.S.R.)
 * Street of Chance, directed by John Cromwell, starring William Powell, Jean Arthur and Kay Francis
 * Sweet Kitty Bellairs, directed by Alfred E. Green, starring Claudia Dell and Walter Pidgeon

T

 * Tarakanova, directed by Raymond Bernard – (France)
 * The Temporary Widow, directed by Gustav Ucicky, starring Lilian Harvey and Laurence Olivier – (GB/Germany)
 * Three Faces East, directed by Roy Del Ruth, starring Constance Bennett and Erich von Stroheim
 * The Three from the Filling Station (Die Drei von der Tankstelle), directed by Wilhelm Thiele, starring Lilian Harvey and Willy Fritsch – (Germany)
 * Tom Sawyer, directed by John Cromwell, starring Jackie Coogan
 * True to the Navy, directed by Frank Tuttle, starring Clara Bow and Fredric March
 * Two Hearts in Waltz Time (Zwei Herzen im 3/4 Takt), directed by Géza von Bolváry – (Germany)

U

 * Under a Texas Moon, directed by Michael Curtiz
 * Under the Roofs of Paris (Sous les toits de Paris), directed by René Clair – (France)
 * The Unholy Three, directed by Jack Conway, starring Lon Chaney and Lila Lee

V

 * The Vagabond King, directed by Ludwig Berger, starring Dennis King and Jeanette MacDonald
 * Viejo smoking (Old Smoking Jacket), directed by Eduardo Morera – (Argentina)

W

 * The W Plan, directed by Victor Saville, starring Brian Aherne and Madeleine Carroll – (GB)
 * Wara Wara, directed by José Maria Velasco Maidana – (Bolivia)
 * Way for a Sailor, directed by Sam Wood, starring John Gilbert, Wallace Beery and Leila Hyams
 * Westfront 1918 (Vier von der Infanterie), directed by G. W. Pabst – (Germany)
 * Whoopee!, directed by Thornton Freeland, starring Eddie Cantor

Y

 * Young Man of Manhattan, directed by Monta Bell, starring Claudette Colbert, Norman Foster, Charles Ruggles and Ginger Rogers
 * Young Woodley, directed by Thomas Bentley, starring Madeleine Carroll – (GB)

Z

 * Zaynab, directed by Mohammed Karim, starring Bahiga Hafez and Zaki Rostom – (Egypt)

Serials

 * Across the World with Mr & Mrs Martin Johnson
 * Hunting Tigers in India
 * The Indians Are Coming
 * The Jade Box
 * The Lightning Express
 * The Lone Defender, starring Rin Tin Tin
 * Terry of the Times
 * The Voice from the Sky

Short film series

 * Buster Keaton (1917–1941)
 * Our Gang (1922–1944)
 * Laurel and Hardy (1921–1943)
 * Another Fine Mess (28 min)
 * Night Owls (21 min)
 * Hog Wild (19 min)
 * Laughing Gravy (21 min)
 * Brats (21 min)
 * Below Zero (20 min)
 * Crying for the Carolines (5 min)

Animated short film series

 * Felix the Cat (1919-1936)
 * April Maze (7 min)
 * Skulls and Sculls
 * Hootchy Cootchy Parlais Vous
 * Aesop's Film Fables (1921–1933)
 * Krazy Kat (1925–1940)
 * Mickey Mouse (1928–1953)
 * Just Mickey (7 min)
 * The Barnyard Concert (6 min)
 * The Cactus Kid
 * The Fire Fighters
 * The Shindig
 * The Chain Gang
 * The Gorilla Mystery
 * The Picnic
 * Pioneer Days
 * Oswald the Lucky Rabbit
 * Silly Symphonies
 * Summer
 * Autumn
 * The Cannibal Capers
 * Night
 * Frolicking Fish
 * Arctic Antics
 * Midnight in a Toyshop
 * Monkey Melodies
 * Winter
 * Playful Pan
 * Screen Songs (1929–1938)
 * Prisoner's Song (8 min)
 * Talkartoons (1929–1932)
 * Dizzy Dishes (first Betty Boop cartoon)
 * Barnacle Bill (second Betty Boop cartoon)
 * Looney Tunes (1930–1969)
 * Sinkin' in the Bathtub
 * Congo Jazz
 * Hold Anything
 * The Booze Hangs High
 * Box Car Blues
 * Flip the Frog (1930–1933)
 * The Village Barber (7 min)
 * Puddle Pranks (7 min)
 * Cuckoo Murder Case (8 min)
 * Little Orphan Willie
 * Flying Fists (7 min)
 * Terrytoons (1930–1964)
 * Toby the Pup (1930–1931)
 * The Museum
 * Toby the Miner
 * Toby the Fiddler
 * Toby the Showman
 * The Bug House
 * "Beary Bear" (1930–1949)
 * "Experiment Gone Wrong"
 * "Hickory's Hijinks"
 * "Piano Problems"
 * "Oh Deer!"
 * "Bushy the Lion"
 * "Trouble in Paris"

Births

 * January 3
 * Mara Corday, American showgirl, model and actress
 * Robert Loggia, American actor (died 2015)
 * January 6 - Professor Tanaka, American wrestler, boxer, actor and martial artist (died 2000)
 * January 10 – Roy E. Disney, American film executive and Walt Disney's nephew (died 2009)
 * January 11
 * Angela Paton, American actress (died 2016)
 * Rod Taylor, Australian actor (died 2015)
 * January 12 – Edgar Landsbury, British-born Irish-American producer (died 2024)
 * January 13 – Frances Sternhagen, American actress (died 2023)
 * January 19 – Tippi Hedren, American actress
 * January 20 – Henry Woolf, British actor (died 2021)
 * January 24 – Terence Bayler, New Zealand actor (died 2016)
 * January 29 – Benjamin Tatar, American actor (died 2012)
 * January 30 – Gene Hackman, American actor
 * February 6 – Allan King, Canadian director (died 2009)
 * February 10 – Robert Wagner, American actor
 * February 16 – Ricou Browning, American film director, actor, cinematographer and stuntman (died 2023)
 * February 20 – Patricia Smith, American actress (died 2011)
 * February 22 – Giuliano Montaldo, Italian film director, screenwriter and actor (died 2023)
 * February 24 – Barbara Lawrence, American actress, model (died 2013)
 * February 27 – Joanne Woodward, American actress
 * March 6 – Allison Hayes, American actress (died 1977)
 * March 12 – Scoey Mitchell, American actor, writer and director (died 2022)
 * March 13 – Harrison Young, American character actor (died 2005)
 * March 16 – Lotte Ledl, Austrian actress
 * March 21 – Pauline Stroud, British actress (died 2022)
 * March 24 – Steve McQueen, American actor (died 1980)
 * March 29 – Naser Malek Motiei, Iranian actor, director (died 2018)
 * March 30
 * John Astin, American actor
 * Estella Blain, French actress (died 1982)
 * April 1 – Grace Lee Whitney, American actress (died 2015)
 * April 5
 * Mary Costa, American singer and actress
 * Marietta Marich, American actress, singer, writer, stage director and television host (died 2017)
 * April 7 – Andrew Sachs, German-born British actor and writer (died 2016)
 * April 13 – Roger Browne, American actor
 * April 14 – Bradford Dillman, American actor (died 2018)
 * April 18 – Clive Revill, New Zealand actor
 * April 19 – Dick Sargent, American actor (died 1994)
 * April 21 – Silvana Mangano, Italian actress (died 1989)
 * April 23 – Alan Oppenheimer, American actor
 * April 24 – Richard Donner, American director and producer (died 2021)
 * April 25 – Paul Mazursky, American director and actor (died 2014)
 * April 28 – Carolyn Jones, American actress (died 1983)
 * April 29 - Jean Rochefort, French actor (died 2017)
 * May 4
 * Lois de Banzie, Scottish-born American actress (died 2021)
 * Doris Leader Charge, American actress (died 2001)
 * May 5 – Will Hutchins, American actor
 * May 9 – Joan Sims, English actress (died 2001)
 * May 11 – Bud Ekins, American actor and stuntman (died 2007)
 * May 31 – Clint Eastwood, American actor, director and producer
 * June 1
 * Pat Corley, American actor (died 2006)
 * Edward Woodward, English actor and singer (died 2009)
 * June 4
 * Edward Kelsey, English actor (died 2019)
 * Morgana King, American jazz singer and actress (died 2018)
 * Bill Treacher, English actor (died 2022)
 * June 9 - Terry Norris, Australian actor (died 2023)
 * June 15 – Odile Versois, French actress (died 1980)
 * June 19
 * Gena Rowlands, American actress
 * Diana Sowle, American actress (died 2018)
 * June 25 - George Murdock, (died 2012)
 * June 29 – Ariadna Welter, Mexican actress (died 1998)
 * July 5 - Tommy Cook, American producer, screenwriter and actor
 * July 8 - Jerry Vale, American actor and singer (died 2014)
 * July 10
 * Bruce Boa, Canadian actor (died 2004)
 * Susan Cummings, German actress (died 2016)
 * July 12 - Gordon Pinsent, Canadian actor, writer, director and singer (died 2023)
 * July 13 - Darrell Sandeen, American character actor (died 2009)
 * July 18 – Burt Kwouk, British-Chinese actor (died 2016)
 * July 19 - Rhoda Williams, American actress
 * July 20 - Sally Ann Howes, English actress and singer (died 2021)
 * July 21 - Lukas Heller, German-born screenwriter (died 1988)
 * July 24 - Jacqueline Brookes, American actress (died 2013)
 * July 25 - Annie Ross, British-American singer and actress (died 2020)
 * July 28 - Alfie Curtis, British actor (died 2017)
 * July 30 - Tony Lip, American actor (died 2013)
 * August 1
 * Bill Allison, American actor (died 2016)
 * Julie Bovasso, American actress (died 1991)
 * Geoffrey Holder, Trinidadian-American actor and musician (died 2014)
 * August 5 - Joan Weldon, American actress, singer (died 2021)
 * August 11 - Paul Soles, Canadian actor (died 2021)
 * August 12 – Peter Weck, Austrian film director and actor
 * August 14 – Liz Fraser, English actress (died 2018)
 * August 17 - Harve Bennett, American producer and screenwriter (died 2015)
 * August 25 – Sir Sean Connery, Scottish actor (died 2020)
 * August 28 - Ben Gazzara, American and director (died 2012)
 * September 16 – Anne Francis, American actress (died 2011)
 * September 17 - David Huddleston, American actor (died 2016)
 * September 21 – Dawn Addams, English actress (died 1985)
 * September 26 - Philip Bosco, American actor (died 2018)
 * October 1 – Richard Harris, Irish actor (died 2002)
 * October 5
 * Skip Homeier, American actor (died 2017)
 * Yuriy Yakovlev, Bulgarian actor (died 2002)
 * October 6 - Lou Cutell, American actor (died 2021)
 * October 8 - James Olson, American actor (died 2022)
 * October 10 - Joan O'Hara, Irish actress (died 2007)
 * October 13 - Paul Kent, American actor (died 2011)
 * October 23 – Gérard Blain, French actor and director (died 2000)
 * October 24 – Jack Angel, American voice actor and former radio personality (died 2021)
 * November 3 - Lois Smith, American character actress
 * November 5
 * Richard Davalos, American actor (died 2016)
 * Joaquín Martínez, Mexican-born American actor (died 2012)
 * November 15 - Whitman Mayo, American actor (died 2001)
 * November 20 - Bernard Horsfall, English actor (died 2013)
 * November 23 - Robert Easton, American actor (died 2011)
 * December 3 – Jean-Luc Godard, French director (died 2022)
 * December 9 – Francesco Maselli, Italian director (died 2023)
 * December 11 – Jean-Louis Trintignant, French actor (died 2022)
 * December 13 - Robert Prosky, American actor (died 2008)
 * December 17 – Armin Mueller-Stahl, German actor
 * December 20 - Noel Ferrier, Australian actor, television personality and producer (died 1997)

Deaths

 * January 31 – Dorothy Seastrom, American actress (born 1903)
 * February 23 – Mabel Normand, American actress (born 1893)
 * July 7 – Arthur Conan Doyle, British author and creator of Sherlock Holmes (born 1859)
 * August 26 – Lon Chaney, American actor (born 1883)
 * September 14 – Tommy Mintz, American actor, assistant director (born 1906)
 * September 15 – Milton Sills, American actor (born 1882)
 * November 8 – Clare Eames, American actress (born 1894)
 * December 15 – Diane Ellis, American actress (born 1909)

Film debuts

 * Robert Adair – Journey's End
 * Felix Aylmer – Escape!
 * Joan Blondell – The Office Wife
 * Humphrey Bogart – Up the River
 * Bob Burns – Up the River
 * James Cagney – Sinners' Holiday
 * John Carradine – Bright Lights
 * Elisha Cook Jr. – Her Unborn Child
 * Buster Crabbe – Good News
 * Bing Crosby – King of Jazz
 * Constance Cummings – The Criminal Code
 * Jan Duggan – Dixiana
 * Irene Dunne – Leathernecking
 * Jimmy Durante – Roadhouse Nights
 * Sally Gray – The School for Scandal
 * John Hamilton – Dangerous Nan McGrew
 * Rex Harrison – The Great Game
 * Miriam Hopkins – Fast and Loose
 * Shemp Howard – Soup to Nuts
 * Victor Jory – Renegades
 * Hedy Lamarr – Money on the Street
 * Charles Lane – City Girl
 * Frank McHugh – The Dawn Patrol
 * Jay Novello – The Jade Box
 * Laurence Olivier – The Temporary Widow
 * Maureen O'Sullivan – So This Is London
 * Cecilia Parker – King of Jazz
 * Ginger Rogers – Young Man of Manhattan
 * Harry Shannon – Heads Up
 * Penny Singleton – Good News
 * Spencer Tracy – Up the River
 * Barbara Weeks – Whoopee!

title: 1930 in film


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User talk:Ortolan88/Archive1

Hello there, welcome to the 'pedia! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. If you need any questions answered about the project then check out Help or drop me a line. BTW, The Grand Old Opry is great a stub entry - I went ahead and "wikified" it so that it looks and works like other wikipedia articles. You might want to take a look at it. Cheers! --maveric149

Hi Ortolan, I've read your's and mav's comments on my talk page, and I'll try to improve in future. Thanks for the link. Smelialichu 11:35 Nov 2, 2002 (UTC)

Hi Ortolan88, I've knot been ignoring you. Just a little slow to find my way around. I found maveric149 and your tips helpful and just getting up to speed now. I've responded to some of your questions knot,bowline. Your comments have been on the mark and appreciated. Please continue. I am going to focus on building the basic articles. After that I'll fine tune each article incorporating your comments and all round get more conversant.  Later I'll add pictures for each method of tying knots. Big job!

Satsun, Friday, June 21, 2002

Howdy! You wanted some pointers, so here they are: Generally it is a bad idea to start a message in a talk page by bolding a word like "attitude" or saying things such as "I'm not looking for a fight." -- even when prompted by another user's rude remarks (I didn't see anything really rude on the talk page BTW). These types of statements immediately gets the other person on the defensive and may skew the way they read what you say -- sometimes assuming you are saying something you don't intend. Just try to sound nice and constructive -- even when being nice is not called for. That way the person you are talking with shouldn't have reason to become overly defensive and might even agree with your constructive criticism. Facts and logic become irrelevant when feelings get involved. --maveric149, Sunday, June 23, 2002

Ortolan, WRT your problems with the database responsiveness, Lee Daniel Crocker has been working on another major revision to the wikipedia software which should hopefully improve responsiveness a lot. IIRC, one of the big slowdowns is when the search engines come and crawl the 'pedia. --Robert Merkel

I just saw your comment at Famous military writers about "one-liners". Previously I tended to limit the scope of that term to stand-up comedy, but your usage is so appropriate. I share your apparent belief that long lists of names don't inspire anything other than deletion. This is especially so when the name is wikied to a non-existent article. Placing a name or other list element in a time, place and activity context makes it a lot more meaningful. Perhaps we have the seed of another wikipedia rule proposal here. Eclecticology, Saturday, June 29, 2002 When I read "one-liners" it reminded me of Henny Youngman (1906-1998) - "King of the one-liners". What you say suggests that we may need a disambiguation page for one-liners. I've been filling in some of the key data when I can. Still, no one knows better why an item is being put on a list than the person who puts it there. Fame is just another subjective concept; we can only hope that the really famous will shine through. -Ec

Anyway, http://www.dictionary.com/search?q=bah shows that you're right. I'd misremembered the severity of "bah" (probably due to the cartoonish treatment Ebenezer Scrooge gets?) I'm usually not so scornful. Cheers, Koyaanis Qatsi - Here is a good site for online conversions you might find useful. http://www.onlineconversion.com/ Cheers! --maveric149, Wednesday, July 10, 2002

WRT movie entries: Years are insufficient to disambiguate movies since different movies with the same title sometimes come out in the same year--sometimes on different subjects, sometimes not. Directors are insufficient to disambiguate titles because directors sometimes direct remakes of their own movies. More reasons to cover all works with the same title and same source material "under one roof," as it were. So far I haven't felt strongly enough about it to make it an issue, though I've felt for awhile that the disambiguation efforts on wikipedia in general have exceeded the useful and are now approaching the ridiculous. Koyaanis Qatsi, Thursday, July 11, 2002 - I haven't written the spiderworts article yet. And I took the picture before I knew they were most known as weeds, so I should reshoot the picture to show the rest of the plant. Currently all it shows is the flowers.

So far as the disambiguation goes--I prefer to wait until there's enough to make a solid article for the disambiguated sense too, but others don't, so o-bla-di o-bla-da. I don't give it much thought, though I generally dislike stubs. But I'm guilty of starting a number of stubs myself, so I'll just put the stone back down. :-)

Here are your spiderworts. Article to come (and it'll probably be another stub....)   Cheers, Koyaanis Qatsi]

Sorry about the Zoe incident -- your words were a bit harsh in the light that Zoe seems to be very sensitive about of late. I just don't want to take the chance of losing Zoe before she gets accustomed to the type of peer review process here. --maveric149

Opps! Thanks for fixing my typo. --maveric149

About voting pages, in response to your comment on my talk page: There is a specific bug in the automatic voting mechanism (which I have yet to report), in that automatic votes always get a carriage return at the end of the line but assume that the page that the vote is being added to also has a carriage return at the end of the last line. If somebody (like yourself) edits the page manually, then this may not be true. So in order to keep the software from screwing up, you need to make sure that there is a carriage return at the end of the last line on the vote page after you edit it. (It's possible that your browser will interfere with this.) You won't see a problem in the preview, or even in the page as it is displayed when your edit is over; the problem won't show up until the next automatic vote, which will then be tacked on to the end of the last line in the page, rather than put on a new line where it should be. This is not too serious, but it makes things hard to read. Anyway, this is an obscure, unreported bug that will probably be moot with the new version of the software anyway. &mdash; Toby Bartels, Sunday, July 14, 2002

well I put a stub up for spiderworts. Could you add anything to it? All I know is what I saw of them and the brief bits I was told by the person who identified the plant from the photo. Thanks, Koyaanis Qatsi

Ortolan, I completely agree with your talk at the list of operas. Lists are nice, but without annotation, they usually provide little information. Many lists can be either transformed into text, or in the case of the "List of" pages, a line or two with some info makes the lists much more informative. Jheijmans 09:33 Jul 23, 2002 (PDT)

Hey there, smarty-pants! And welcome to Wikipedia!! I liked your thoughtful comments on white trash. It seems to be a semi-serious term of contempt for whites whom the speaker/writer deems beneath him because they're stupider, dirtier or more unfortunate. As a term, white trash enjoys a more comfortable currency because it's still politically correct to twith whites in the US, so all sorts of gag posters and books can mock rednecks and hillbillies. Perhaps some people miss being able to make fun of blacks (as in Jack Benny and Rochester). The challenge for Wikipedians is to write an article about the phenomena, describing how and why the word is used, in a way that everyone will say: "Yup, this article is accurate." Now, put away your shotgun, clean up that front yard and get to work (grin). Ed Poor

You can probably find all the one liners in the history of the article. Copy and paste. BTW, I for one think they are great. Danny - Damn -- It looks like several users missed the vandalism in List of novelists and continued to make valid edits that page after the vandalism occurred. There is no magical way to correct this and will have to resolved the old fashioned way. Until somebody edits the article again, here is the link to the major deletion. --mav

I repaired it; I'm very handy with text editors. At any rate, I agree that an unannotated list is worthless; every entry should have a short gloss that serves to identify it better than a mere name. This list is also getting long enough that it shoulud be broken into smaller pieces, and many of the names need to be fixed to conform to our conventions. --

Hello, I found the Huck Finn quotation and have put it up at talk%3AHuckleberry_Finn. Cheers, --KQ RE lists: Please don't be discouraged from adding useful one liners to list entries just because some lone crank is on a naked list crusade. In retrospect I should have blocked 209's IP for a day or two after you made me aware of the obvious and unexplained vandalism by this person. But alas, I am a pushover when it comes to blocking IPs (even temporarily) -- esp. for users who have contributed good content in the past (as 209 has done). I'm sorry if my inability to do the right thing has discouraged you in any way. We all need to play nice and to enforce that sometimes somebody has to be the cop -- which isn't popular and why I hesitate sometimes (BTW, I still am the number one blocker of IPs, but that is only because I review hundreds of edits a day to monitor against blatant vandals -- not to be confused with newbies experimenting). --mav
 * It's always tricky dealing with vandals: too much attention encourages them, but allowing the damage can also encourage them (see Broken Windows). --Ed Poor

Thanks for the compliment on the spiderwort pic. That was at an organic blueberry farm in town; I was waiting to shoot a work party that eventually materialized three people. Hence a lot of walking around checking things out.

I think it's a great idea to add info to the history of plants--I read once that the Iris was used in ancient Egyptian art; in this case the Iris in the picture they provided would have been several thousand years old. For a minute I was completely stunned trying to imagine it--too bad I can't remember the source. --KQ

Thanks for italicizing all those films at List of films preserved in the United States National Film Registry--I forgot to do that after linking all of them (and I've been working off that list for two days, continuing to forget). --KQ - That's a great quote you found for the Alfred Hitchcock page. --KQ 20:11 Aug 3, 2002 (PDT)

Hello, could you visit http://meta.wikipedia.com/wiki.phtml?title=Meta-Tree+-+Works+of+Art and see if anything's been left out (besides the ships, which I forgot) in terms of italics/quotation marks? Thanks, --KQ
 * do you mean that the Chicago Manual of Style says that TV series should not be italicized? What do they suggest?

...
 * I just dug out my MLA (3rd edition, 1988) and they suggest in section 2.5.2 that TV series be italicized or underlined. They also suggest paintings, sculptures, and planes be italicized, which I had forgotten completely if I ever knew it to begin with.  --KQ 09:33 Aug 6, 2002 (PDT)

I'll defer to you on the Leadbelly/Robert Johnson bit. I was the one who added the bits on music to begin with, and only recently decided that Leadbelly was "more obscure"--a conclusion I based on nothing more than my own experience and those of people around me. And, just for the record, I very much like Leadbelly and don't much care for Robert Johnson. :-) "Goodnight, Irene" is of course a classic, but "Where Did You Sleep Last Night" is equally good, and I have some peculiar fondness for "Alabama Bound" and "Pick a Bale of Cotton."  --KQ 14:57 Aug 7, 2002 (PDT)

Hi! I believe you wrote the following to me:

Welcome! Usually with a misspelling, particularly a common one, the practice is to simply redirect the page to the correct spelling. The theory is that someone might make the same mistake in an article and this will put them in the right place. I will do this with Psylocibin. The redirect is performed by replacing the text of the article with #REDIRECT followed by a reference to the correct article enclosed in double brackets.

Please undo your redirection of Psylocibin. This is the name of a historically important music band, and will undoubtedly have its own page eventually. Right now it should be a stub. But note that Psylocibin the band has nothing directly to do with the drug Psylocybin. In other words, this is not a misspelling. David 08:14 Aug 19, 2002 (PDT)

Thanks for your note on my Talk page explaining about leaving the Psylocibin page as a redirect to Psylocybin. While I feel it would be better to have a stub for Psylocibin explaining the difference in spelling, this is not an important issue. At least I now understand wikis a little better :o) David 14:26 Aug 20, 2002 (PDT)

I've been fiddling with the wording on those ununxxxiums. Let me know what you think. For the moment, see ununhexium (a bit of a special case, since there's something to say about it beyond the boilerplate) and ununtrium. Vicki Rosenzweig

 * All the unun articles look mm, mm good!

Hello, after I sent you an email I remembered that I did see one film that almost fits your description: The Butcher Boy. I can't remember the sets, though; they didn't seem especially expressionistic, IIRC, though there were certainly some expressionistic sequences. --KQ

I didn't put the scandal part in Anatomy of a Murder: I added the part about the courtroom drama and Stewart's and Scott's respective roles. :-) --KQ

"The ortolan is a bird the French eat whole with napkins over their heads to prevent splashing of grease and bodily fluids..."

Uh... so the the napkin goes on the diner's head, not the bird's? And how would that prevent splashing?
 * I've only seen this in pictures, but the napkin is on the diner's head. It is a big napkin and covers everything.  I found this at "French People, Chapter Six":

 * For centuries, a rite of passage for French gourmets has been the eating of the ortolan. These tiny birds -- captured alive, force-fed, then drowned in Armagnac -- were roasted whole and eaten that way, bones and all, while the diner draped his head with a linen napkin to preserve the precious aromas and, some believe, to hide from God.

 * I can tell you lots more about Dr. John. Ortolan88

 * Reminds me of Crunchy Frog.

Ortolan88, before you get angry at us 'mad deletionists', you should check the history of National Medal of Science. At the time the piece was put up at 'Votes for Deletion', its text was:

 * Put your text for the new page here. its fun!!!!!!!!!!!

Are you really of the opinion that that is "a very weak nub, factually correct but incomplete"? Are you really of the opinion that this would not get on the kill list if one would check links? I would have deleted it without a second glimpse. You made a nice article about this, but you could just as easily have created it from nothing as from its fun. In fact, those words had already been removed by the time the text got to you. Andre Engels 15:20 Oct 7, 2002 (UTC)

 * Yes, sorry, you were probably overreacting, but I certainly was. I guess the issue somehow stirs up more emotions than it should, at both sides. We both get irritated too easily. My apologies. Andre Engels 21:17 Oct 7, 2002 (UTC)

Nice addition to The Gulag Archipelago. Were you actually able to make it through all 3 volumes? (I only skimmed.) --Ed Poor

Hey, Ortolan88. Response from me on Talk:Prince Rogers Nelson. Apparently you took what I said harder than I meant it. Pax. "Anonymous"

I'd just like to get your thoughts on an issue if you don't mind. I am about to create a large number of articles and I'd like to work out the correct method. See the question at the bottom of Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Cities. Thanks! -- Ram-Man

I can only assume that by "gruel" you mean "grits." :-) --KQ
 * I have a morbid curiosity about what that dish you had might have been. --KQ
 * ! Cream of wheat?  --KQ
 * A complete mystery then. Like that film you saw.  :-/  --KQ

Hello, I was curious as to why The Black Cat on List of fictional cats should be italicized--it was a short story, not a novel. --KQ
 * The King abides. I'm tempted to add one on Primus_(band) and Tom Waits' collaboration "Tommy the Cat," though I'm sure it hasn't had the same influence.  :. I shall resist.  :-)  --KQ

May I, Ortolan ? (hum, smell south, barbecue, sea, sand, sun, holidays)

Il ne faut jamais faites les choses a moitié

is rather

Il ne faut jamais faire les choses à moitié

user:anthere

 * "One should never do things by halves", I'd make it. The grave accent marks the "a" as a preposition rather than the 3rd person form of "to have". -- Tarquin

Okay. So here you go...

The ortolan is a bird the French eat whole with napkins over their heads to prevent splashing of grease and bodily fluids is gross misconception about why we (well not me) put napkins over our heads and face to eat ortolans. It is not at all to prevent splashing. It is to *fully* appreciate the absolutely delighting aroma of this delicacy (not that I have ever tasted some personally - it could be on the list of my future experiences along with deadly japanese fishes, fried insects, rotten eggs, warm wild boar balls and real caviar). Some people don't realise how much life can be enjoyed by fully appreciating it through all your senses, and in case of eating, not only through taste. Pleasure in eating is also a pleasure of the eyes, smell is involved too, and even manipulation of food directly with your hands - the oyster is mute though !.

Anyway, splashing grease is not the issue. Maximising the pleasure given by the ortolan is. That's what the amateurs say.

Okay, I'll try to update the article on ortolan for you...user:anthere

Re mouthpiece - I'll try to add some stuff, and maybe rearrange it a bit one day, but I think you've done a pretty good job with it. There's nothing really wrong with it as it stands, though it could take some expansion (but then what couldn't?). --Camembert

Hey Ortolan88, I am sorry about the confusion about deletions on the Yid talk page -- For what it is worth I appreciate the rewrite you did of the actual article, Slrubenstein

Not a problem. ;-) -- Zoe

Re: Uncle Ben--You don't foresee a tiff between the cartoon character and the rice mascot? ;-) --KQ

-

I can't believe you don't like Jim Morrison. I thought everybody liked Jim Morrison. That's like hating love (except, instead of love, it's Jim Morrison and instead of being unreasonable, it's because he has a horrible, drug-scarred voice). Tokerboy 02:21 Nov 16, 2002 (UTC)

 * Aargh!!!! You always outwit me!  Foiled again!  I shall return, Ortolan88 (if that is your real name), you have not seen the last of me you Jim-Morrison-hating-Nazi-child-molesterating-Republicanoid! Tokerboy 02:56 Nov 16, 2002 (UTC)

- Hello again ortolan,. Thanks for clearing Henry Balnaves, I'm sorry for making such a mess. I personally quite like long paragraphs, so that's why they may seem to so big. I'll try and fix the links to monarchs in future, though disambiguation pages for James V etc should be there imo (guess I may do that sometime). Maybe the lack of a period in St is an english thing, although it's an abbreviation I quite often see it without the period. But you're right, it's should have the period. I guess in a way I'm getting used to the style, so I'm not bothered by old fashioned language and long paragraphs :) Anyway, thanks again, I'll do my best to improve! Smelialichu 18:38 Nov 17, 2002 (UTC)

 * I noticed you edited another one of my articles. I do try and do things right, honest :) I do read the guidelines etc, but find them rather vague (as really they should be, it is a wiki after all). So, to make the perfect EB1911->Wikipedia transition I should:

 * Remove bias
 * Try to update outdated language
 * Wikify articles, but not over-extensively
 * Remove irrelevant information of publication dates on books
 * Break up paragraphs to make them more readable
 * Maybe try to add headings etc (I know you haven't asked me to do this, but it would improve readability of articles, though in some cases may require alot of work restructuring the piece

Anything else you want to add to the list, or modify? Smelialichu 20:50 Nov 17, 2002 (UTC)

 * You're not discouraging me, I know you want exactly what a want: A better Wikipedia. Anyway, everything people have been saying about my articles has been taken onboard, so hopefully I'll get the winning formula soon :) When I mentioned guidelines I didn't just mean yours, I meant pretty much all of them. Anyway, thanks for your advice. Smelialichu 16:13 Nov 18, 2002 (UTC)

Hey, thanks for your help on musicky article. You're doing some great stuff on things I don't know anything about and probably couldn't write if my life depended on it--I don't know much about music, though I listen to a lot, and I couldn't even come close to explaining the difference between a "melody", a "harmony" and a "bass guitar" (One of them's an instrument, I think :)).  As far as singles go, I'm making edit links whenever I'm pretty sure a song deserves an article.  Most recently, "Walk This Way" (Aerosmith, later with Run D.M.C.) definitely deserves one, so I made a link for it.  I've given some thought to what to do about the whole pre-LP-as-synergistic-artistic-statement era, and all I've really come up with is to write articles on influential songs, maybe three or four for your average artist (more, probably for Elvis Presley or Chuck Berry) and a link to Elvis songs or Songs sung by Elvis or something similar to give a briefer, but still in depth description of other, less notable songs that don't deserve an entire article--maybe a paragraph or two each, so as not to clutter up the artist's biographical page. Anyway, I'm not as into that era's music, so I haven't given it too much thought (or tried it out), but that's my current ideas Tokerboy 05:21 Nov 20, 2002 (UTC)

Hey, just checking out Recent Changes while I wait for this to save--I did not know Odessey and Oracle was a concept album. Now I really want it. Tokerboy 05:29 Nov 20, 2002 (UTC)

Thanks for rescuing lightning rod from death row. --Ed Poor

Ortolan, I hope after you finish your Irving article you might think about moving the Bombing of Dresden material to the article. It's definitely worth having there, it's material I wouldn't have known about otherwise. I don't think anyone REASONABLE would attribute its addition to anything other than devotion to truth, and I think it's best presented by someone like you who's done the research and actually has a command of the material. -- Someone else 05:52 Dec 1, 2002 (UTC)

Ortolan,

Thanks for the note on my talk page. I wanted to get back to you here because Zoe's claim about "could care less" on Talk:American and British English Differences has got me thinking about perscriptive vs. descriptive accounts of language. I am not a big fan of very many perscriptive efforts, but I am particularly troubled by justifications of such efforts that rely on false conceptions of how language works. I thought Zoe's condemnation of "could care less" was along these lines, and started to muse about what might have been in Zoe's head to motivate this over at User:Ryguasu/Linguistics.

As someone apparently interested in language, do you know how issues of perscription vs. description and/or incorrect naive theories of language are currently addressed on Wikipedia? Or do you have ideas about how they should be?

--Ryguasu 21:47 Dec 4, 2002 (UTC)

Hi, I thought you'd get a kick out of this. --KQ

Ortolan,

I wrote a stub for Frederick Wertham. I think that it's usuable, but the Wiki's work is never done... Two Halves

Hi Orto. Do you have a copy of the Chicago manual? If so, could you look up what they say on "St" for "Saint" -- with a dot or without? Fowler says without, and makes no mention of an alternate US usage (which he normally does if there is one). thanks -- Tarquin 18:27 Dec 28, 2002 (UTC)

Thank you :-) -- Tarquin 20:16 Dec 28, 2002 (UTC)

Thanks, O. I'm only doing a few county seats at a time so as not to fill up the Recent Changes page, it will take a while, but I'll be persistant, or else get bored. "=) -- Zoe

[Pointless one-way discussion with 172 deleted from here, first time I've ever removed anything from my talk page. Archeologists are welcome to reconstruct the little chat from the archives of this page and his/her user page. Ortolan88]

Ortolan88:

I’m a bit frustrated. I don’t understand how I could be possibly be offending you. What is it that you want? What is it that you don't believe?

172

-

I get what you're saying now. I didn't realize that you changed your mind. Sorry for the misunderstanding. Thank you for your contributions.

172

I'm just curious though, what kind of ideologue do you suppose I am?

Ortolan-try editing my version instead of going through 172s article-there you will find that, unlike 172, i am quite willing to accept your edits. I dont understand why you are upset at me, for engaging in an edit war with 172, but if you would take my version, and ask "Is it npov" and "How can it be improved" you will find that I want u to edit it. Vera Cruz

---

Good job on your contribution to the article on New Imperialism. It was much needed. Do you think that it would be a good idea to place it earlier in the article? That would clarify some confusion early on, right?

172

---

You should move the paragraph to the beginning so that everyone knows that you sanctified the change.

Thanks once again for the contribution though. Judging from all the confusion earlier, it single-handedly saves the article. 172

likewise! It's quite a trip! Slrubenstein

Thanks, Ortolan. I saw that. By the way, you might want to add the Kingdom of St. James set up by James Strang on Beaver Island, Michigan, 1848-1856. He established a breakoff sect of the Mormons, which still exists. Danny

Hi Ortolan. Good catch on ablaut. I'm adding that one to my "most stupid mistakes" section. =) ---

The wisdom around here about trolls is to ignore them. Big farewells might only serve to encourage them. New Imperialism: whats wrong with the old one? Two16 17:48 Jan 9, 2003 (UTC)

Talk pages are edited, though not nearly enough. Old irrelevant talk can be safely removed; new irrelevant talk can be safely removed; old resolved relevant talk can be summarized and condensed.
 * I never remove anything from a talk page, except to archive 'em sometimes, and except for this one, which truly belongs to me.
 * I remove stuff from talk pages, but only on pages where the discussion has ended amicably, and not on other users' pages. KQ  p.s. your bit bucket isn't full yet?  ;-)

Good luck with the trolls. Note for you at Talk:Pink Panther -- Tarquin 20:15 Jan 9, 2003 (UTC)

Thanks for catching me. Esp. with Stomping Tom blowing my gasket. I found it later on the list.64.229.13.60 05:46 Jan 10, 2003 (UTC)

I know many of my music biography articles have similar phrases--I'll try and be better about not judging a person's career to be over just because no one listens to them anymore. I'm sure Fabian's mother is still a huge fan (or, more likely, dead) and not every musician deserves the sentence "drug problems and personality conflicts contributed to the end of XXX's career". Tokerboy 20:45 Jan 11, 2003 (UTC)

LOL! Jeez, I can't even pick a non-offensive example. :) DanKeshet 21:27 Jan 13, 2003 (UTC)

I'm not exactly a connoisseur of subtlety. --KQ

---

Help!

Vera Cruz is back on New Imperialism. He's trying to delete your vital, introductory paragraph in particular.

172

Vera Cruz is back on New Imperialism and seems very ambitious in a devious sort of way. I offered to stop revising that article permanently if he stops permanently. That would leave it to you, Ortolan88, and Sublerstenin. Try to get him to agree to that. First though, we need to stop him from deleting Ortolan88's paragraph explaining what New Imperialism is.

172

Hello. Thanks for agreeing with my e-mail! I'm putting my reply here because it doesn't relate to general Wikipedia policy or anything. I agree with your reply, too. However, I think that the shifting of the discussion on Talk:Isaac Asimov stemmed from a genuine misunderstanding. The article said just "story", at first, rather than "short story", so it was genuinely ambiguous. Then someone came along and made the rather stronger claim that "Everybody agrees that "Nightfall" is the most famous writing of Asimov", which didn't really help. So I think that at least some participants in the debate were unaware that "short story" was meant. (I put the word "short" into the article myself, afterwards, to clarify things.) -- Oliver PEREIRA 02:55 Jan 19, 2003 (UTC)

Hi! I am just curious, but can you tell me who concluded that VC is Lir, and how they figured it out? Slrubenstein -- Dear Ortolan88: In what way is the John Casablancas' modeling school advertised in the article John Casablancas?. If you read the article well, it's the biography of the guy that owns it, not the history of that school or anything. Moreover, there are thousands of articles about companies and trademarks in this site, including airlines, soft drinks, toy companies, make-up companies, universities, stores, etc etc., of which the great majority only talk about the brand's history and remain neutral. If the article about Mr John Casablanca was an advertisement to his company, then this website would be saturated with advertisements. You have tthe right to have an opinion, but I did not see any paragraph promoting his school on the article, except for the fact it has been established in other countries, and thats not promotion, thats just a fact.

Sincerely yours, AntonioMartin --- Dear Ortolan: Hi! Like I said, if the John Casablancas article is considered an advertisement to his company, then I guess the Coca Cola article can bbe considered an advertisement too, just because it says when Coca Cola was established and many other things about the company. The Delta Air Lines article too, cause it points out some destinations flown by that airline. If that's advertisement or not, I dont know, but I dont consider it advertisement cause they do not say that Coca Cola is the best soda or that Delta Airlines is the most reliable and secure airline. Now, that would be advertising.

All you have to do, is edit the article and put what you put on the talk page, but without erasing any of the facts that were mentioned there like his school locations. You can add that he was President of Elite but left in 2000. And remember that if youre gonna write on the article, what you wrote on the talk page, you must cite whoever said those comments you put, to show that youre not just giving your opinion, because at this place, whn we write about something, our opinion on the subject doesn't count, only the opinions of those who made their opinions public, and also, facts. Those are the two elements that count when making an article here.

And you need to stay neutral. You need to leave space so that people can argue whether his company is fraudulent or not. Use, for example '(person or group's nme) alleged that his company is fraudulent, or, While the company has been there for a long time, it has been rocked from time to time with allegations of fraud by many different parties, including (party)'....that way you stay neutral, and thats the only way they want it to be like overhere.

Sincerely yours, AntonioMartin

title: User talk:Ortolan88/Archive1


text:
Jean Buridan

Jean Buridan (Latin: Johannes Buridanus; c. 1301 – c. 1359/62) was an influential 14thcentury French philosopher.

Buridan taught in the faculty of arts at the University of Paris for his entire career and focused in particular on logic and on the works of Aristotle. Buridan sowed the seeds of the Copernican Revolution in Europe. He developed the concept of impetus, the first step toward the modern concept of inertia and an important development in the history of medieval science. His name is most familiar through the thought experiment known as Buridan's ass, but the thought experiment does not appear in his extant writings.

Education and career

Buridan was born sometime before 1301, perhaps at or near the town of Béthune in Picardy, France, or perhaps elsewhere in the diocese of Arras. He received his education in Paris, first at the Collège du Cardinal Lemoine and then at the University of Paris, receiving his Master of Arts degree and formal license to teach at the latter by the mid-1320s.

Unusually, he spent his entire academic life in the faculty of arts, rather than obtaining the doctorate in law, medicine or theology that typically prepared the way for a career in philosophy. Also unusual for a philosopher of his time, Buridan further maintained his intellectual independence by remaining a secular cleric, rather than joining a religious order. A papal letter of 1330 refers to him as simply, "clericus Atrebatensis diocoesis, magister in artibus [a cleric from the Diocese of Arras and Master of Arts]." As university statutes permitted only those educated in theology to teach or write on the subject, there are no writings from Buridan on either theological matters or commentary of Peter Lombard's Sentences.

Speculation on his reasons for avoiding religious matters have remained uncertain. Most scholars think it is unlikely that he went unnoticed, given his philosophical talents. As well, it is unlikely that he could not afford to study theology, given that he received several bursaries and stipends. Indeed, he is listed in a document from 1350 as being among the teachers capable of supporting themselves without the need for financial assistance from the University. Zupko has speculated that Buridan "deliberately chose to remain among the 'artists [artistae]'," possibly envisioning philosophy as a secular enterprise based on what is evident to both the senses and the intellect, rather than the non-evident truths of theology revealed through scripture and doctrine.

The last appearance of Buridan in historical documents came in 1359, where he was mentioned as the adjudicator in a territorial dispute between the English and Picard nations. It is supposed that he died sometime after then, since one of his benefices was awarded to another person in 1362.

The bishop Albert of Saxony, himself renowned as a logician, was among the most notable of his students.

An ordinance of Louis XI of France in 1473, directed against the nominalists, prohibited the reading of his works.

Apocryphal stories
Apocryphal stories abound about his reputed amorous affairs and adventures which are enough to show that he enjoyed a reputation as a glamorous and mysterious figure in Paris life. None of the stories can be confirmed, and most contradict known historical information.

Some rumors hold that he died when the King of France had him put in a sack and thrown into the River Seine after his affair with the Queen came to light. François Villon alludes to this in his famous poem Ballade des Dames du Temps Jadis. Others suggest that he was expelled from Paris due to his nominalist teachings and moved to Vienna to found the University of Vienna. Another story talks of him hitting Pope Clement VI with a shoe.

Impetus theory
The concept of inertia was alien to the physics of Aristotle. Aristotle, and his peripatetic followers held that a body was maintained in motion only by the action of a continuous external force. Thus, in the Aristotelian view, a projectile moving through the air would owe its continuing motion to eddies or vibrations in the surrounding medium, a phenomenon known as antiperistasis. In the absence of a proximate force, the body would come to rest almost immediately.

The theory of impetus proposed that motion was maintained by some property of the body, imparted when it was set in motion. Buridan was the first to name this motion-maintaining property impetus but the theory itself probably did not originate with him. A less sophisticated notion of impressed forced can be found in the commentary of John Philoponus on Aristoteilan physics. In this he was possibly influenced by John Philoponus who was developing the Stoic notion of hormé (impulse). The major difference between Buridan's theory and that of his predecessor is that he rejected the view that the impetus dissipated spontaneously, instead asserting that a body would be arrested by the forces of air resistance and gravity which might be opposing its impetus. Buridan further held that the impetus of a body increased with the speed with which it was set in motion, and with its quantity of matter. This is closely related to the modern concept of momentum. Buridan saw impetus as causing the motion of the object:

 * ...after leaving the arm of the thrower, the projectile would be moved by an impetus given to it by the thrower and would continue to be moved as long as the impetus remained stronger than the resistance, and would be of infinite duration were it not diminished and corrupted by a contrary force resisting it or by something inclining it to a contrary motion (Questions on Aristotle's Metaphysics XII.9: 73ra).

Buridan also contended that impetus is a variable quality whose force is determined by the speed and quantity of the matter in the subject. In this way, the acceleration of a falling body could be understood in terms of its gradual accumulation of units of impetus.

Legacy
Because of his developments, historians of science Pierre Duhem and Anneliese Maier both saw Buridan as playing an important role in the demise of Aristotelian cosmology. Duhem even called Buridan the forerunner of Galileo. Zupko has disagreed, pointing out that Buridan did not use his theory to transform the science of mechanics, but instead remained a committed Aristotelian in thinking that motion and rest are contrary states and that the universe is finite in extent.

Works

 * Hughes, G. E. (1983). John Buridan on Self-Reference: Chapter Eight of Buridan's Sophismata. An edition and translation with an introduction, and philosophical commentary. Cambridge/London/New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-28864-9.
 * King, Peter (1986). John Buridan's Logic: The Treatise on Supposition; The Treatise on Consequences. Translation from the Latin with a Philosophical Introduction, Dordrecht: Reidel.
 * Zupko, John Alexander, ed. and tr. (1990). John Buridan's Philosophy of Mind: An Edition and Translation of Book III of His Questions on Aristotle's De Anima (Third Redaction), with Commentary and Critical and Interpretative Essays. Doctoral dissertation, Cornell University.
 * Klima, Gyula, tr. (2002). John Buridan: 'Summulae de Dialectica'. Yale Library of Medieval Philosophy. New Haven, Conn./London: Yale University Press.
 * John Buridan (2015). Treatise on Consequences, translated, with an Introduction by Stephen Read. New York: Fordham University Press.
 * Klima, G., Sobol, P. G., Hartman, P., & Zupko, J. (2023, May 31). John Buridan’s Questions on Aristotle’s de Anima - Iohannis Buridani Quaestiones in Aristotelis de Anima (Vol. 9). Springer.

title: Jean Buridan


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User:Pde

This is a Wikipedia home for Peter Eckersley.

Various things I've done in my non-wikipedia life: worked as Director of Research at the Partnership on AI, for many years as the Chief Computer Scientist at the Electronic Frontier Foundation, co-founded Let's Encrypt, co-created HTTPS Everywhere, Privacy Badger and Certbot, and organised various tech policy iniatives.

I only edit Wikipedia occassionally these days, but some articles I started, wrote or made non-trivial contributions to back in the distant past:

 * On copyright, patents & related topics —

 * Alternative compensation system, Association of American Publishers, Berne three-step test, EU Copyright Directive, EU Directive on harmonising the term of copyright protection, EU Directive on the Patentability of Computer-Implemented Inventions, Exclusive right, Fair dealing, Fair use, History of copyright, Limitations and exceptions to copyright, Jack Valenti, Intellectual property education, Philosophy of copyright, Statutory damages for copyright infringement, Street Performer Protocol, The Uneasy Case for Copyright, Agreement on Trade-Related aspects of Intellectual Property rights, World Intellectual Property Organization, Zidovudine.

 * And some (mostly) unrelated articles —

 * Accountability, Albert Einstein, Australia Party, Australian Democrats, Australian Senate, Blat, Bloc voting, Capture, Challenge–response test, Church-Turing thesis, Democratic Labor Party, Excess burden of taxation, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Generalized System of Preferences, Harmonisation, Hypercomputation, Imaging, Incentive compatibility, Interoperability, Joh Bjelke-Petersen, John Howard, Joseph Stiglitz, Legal person, Mechanical trail, Medical imaging, Myerson-Satterthwaite theorem, National treatment, Normative, Office of the United States Trade Representative, One Nation Party, Oracle machine, PageRank, Pauline Hanson, Positive (social sciences), Potential energy, Probability of Precipitation, Psychological hedonism, Public Citizen, Public good, Race to the bottom, Rational participation constraint, Reciprocity, Social welfare, Tamper resistance, Tor (anonymity network), World Trade Organization.

 * And as a quaint diversion, some entries on tornadoes in Australia —

 * Booleroo tornado, Brighton tornado, Bucca tornado, Buladelah tornado, Brisbane tornado, Mandurah tornadoes, Oakhurst tornado, Sandon tornado, South coast tornado

My current favourite Wikipedia article (closely followed by this one).

A TODO list.

title: User:Pde


text:
Kaspar Hauser

Kaspar Hauser (30 April 1812 – 17 December 1833) was a German youth who claimed to have grown up in the total isolation of a darkened cell. Hauser's claims, and his subsequent death from a stab wound, sparked much debate and controversy. Theories propounded at the time identified him as a member of the grand ducal House of Baden, hidden away because of royal intrigue. These opinions may or may not have been documented by later investigations. Other theories proposed that Hauser had been a fraud.

First appearance
On 26 May 1828, a teenage boy appeared in the streets of Nuremberg, Germany. He carried a letter with him addressed to the captain of the 4th squadron of the 6th cavalry regiment, Captain von Wessenig. Its heading read:

Von der Bäierischen Gränz

daß Orte ist unbenant

1828

"From the Bavarian border

The place is unnamed

1828."

The anonymous author said that the boy was given into his custody as an infant on 7 October 1812 and that he instructed him in reading, writing and the Christian religion, but never let him "take a single step out of my house." The letter stated that the boy would now like to be a cavalryman "as his father was" and invited the captain either to take him in or to hang him.

There was another short letter enclosed, purporting to be from his mother to his prior caretaker. It stated that his name was Kaspar, that he was born on 30 April 1812 and that his father, a cavalryman of the 6th regiment, was dead. In fact, this letter was found to have been written by the same hand as the other one (whose line "he writes my handwriting exactly as I do" led later analysts to assume that Kaspar Hauser himself wrote both of them).

A shoemaker named Weickmann took the boy to the house of Captain von Wessenig, where he repeated only the words "I want to be a cavalryman, as my father was" and "Horse! Horse!" Further demands elicited only tears or the obstinate proclamation of "Don't know." He was taken to a police station, where he wrote a name: Kaspar Hauser. He showed that he was familiar with money, could say some prayers and read a little, but he answered few questions and his vocabulary appeared to be rather limited. Because he provided no account of himself, he was imprisoned as a vagabond.

He spent the following two months in Luginsland Tower in Nuremberg Castle in the care of a jailer named Andreas Hiltel. Despite what many later accounts would say, he was in good physical condition and could walk well; for example, he climbed over 90 steps to his room. He was of a "healthy facial complexion" and approximately 16 years old, but appeared to be intellectually impaired. Mayor Binder, however, claimed that the boy had an excellent memory and was learning quickly. Various curious people visited him to his apparent delight. He refused all food except bread and water.

Hauser's account of life in a dungeon
At first, it was assumed that Hauser was a half-wild child from the forests. During the course of many conversations with Mayor Binder, Hauser told a different version of his past life, which he later wrote down in more detail. According to the story, Hauser had as long as he could remember spent his life in solitary confinement in a darkened cell. He gave the cell's dimensions as approximately two metres long, one metre wide and one and a half high, with only a straw bed to sleep on, and four toys, two horses and a dog carved out of wood.

Hauser claimed that he found rye bread and water next to his bed each morning. At times, the water would taste bitter and drinking it would cause him to sleep more deeply than usual. On such occasions, upon awakening, his straw had been changed and his hair and nails cut. Hauser claimed that the first human being he had ever met was a man who visited him not long before his release. The man took great care not to reveal his face to him. This man taught him to write his own name by leading his hand. After learning to stand and walk, Hauser was brought to Nuremberg. The stranger allegedly taught him to say the phrase "I want to be a cavalryman, as my father was" (in Old Bavarian dialect), but Hauser claimed that he did not understand what the words meant.

This tale aroused great curiosity and made Hauser an object of international attention. Rumours arose that he was of princely parentage, possibly of Baden origin, but there were also allegations that he was an impostor.

Further life in Nuremberg
Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach, president of the Bavarian court of appeals, began to investigate the case. Hauser was formally adopted by the town of Nuremberg and money was donated for his upkeep and education. He was given into the care of Friedrich Daumer, a schoolmaster and speculative philosopher, who taught him various subjects and who thereby discovered his talent for drawing. He appeared to flourish in this environment. Daumer also subjected him to homeopathy and magnetic experiments. As Feuerbach told the story, "When Professor Daumer held the north pole [of a magnet] towards him, Kaspar put his hand to the pit of his stomach, and, drawing his waistcoat in an outward direction, said that it drew him thus; and that a current of air seemed to proceed from him. The south pole affected him less powerfully; and he said that it blew upon him."

The wound
On 17 October 1829, Hauser was found in the cellar of Daumer's house bleeding from a newly cut wound on the forehead. He asserted that while sitting on the privy, he had been attacked and hurt by a hooded man who also threatened him with the words: "You still have to die before you leave the city of Nuremberg." Hauser related he recognised the speaker as the man who had brought him to Nuremberg. As was obvious from his blood trail, Hauser at first fled to the first floor where his room was, but then, rather than moving on to find his caretakers, had gone downstairs and climbed through a trap door into the cellar. Alarmed officials called for a police escort and transferred him to the care of Johann Biberbach, a municipal authority. The alleged attack on Hauser also fueled rumours about his possible ancestry from Hungary, England or the House of Baden.

Doubters of Hauser's story are of the opinion that he had self-inflicted the wound with a razor, which he then took back to his room before going to the cellar. He might have done so to arouse pity and thus escape chiding for a recent quarrel with Daumer, who had come to believe that the boy had a tendency to lie.

The pistol accident
On 3 April 1830, a pistol shot went off in Hauser's room at the Biberbachs' house. His escort hurriedly entered the room and found him bleeding from a wound to the right side of his head. Hauser soon revived and stated that he climbed on a chair to get some books, the chair had fallen, and then, while trying to find a handhold, he had by mistake torn down the pistol hanging on the wall and caused the shot to go off. There are doubts whether the superficial wound was actually caused by the shot. Some authors associate the incident with a preceding quarrel in which, again, Hauser had been reproached for lying. Whatever the case, the occurrence led the municipal authorities to come to another decision on Hauser, whose initially good relationship with the Biberbach family had soured. In May 1830, he was transferred to the house of Baron von Tucher. The baron also would later complain about Hauser's exorbitant vanity and lies. Mrs. Biberbach commented on his "horrendous mendacity" and "art of dissimulation" and called him "full of vanity and spite".

Lord Stanhope
A British nobleman, Lord Stanhope, took an interest in Hauser and gained custody of him late in 1831. He spent a great deal of money attempting to clarify Hauser's origin. In particular, he paid for two visits to Hungary hoping to jog the boy's memory, as Hauser seemed to remember some Hungarian words and had once declared that the Hungarian Countess Maytheny was his mother. Hauser failed to recognise any buildings or monuments in Hungary. A Hungarian nobleman who had met Hauser later told Stanhope that he and his son had a good laugh when they recollected the strange boy and his histrionic behaviour. Stanhope later wrote that the complete failure of these inquiries led him to doubt Hauser's credibility. In December 1831, he transferred Hauser to Ansbach, to the care of a schoolmaster named Johann Georg Meyer, and in January 1832, Stanhope left Hauser for good. Stanhope continued to pay for Hauser's living expenses but never made good on his promise that he would take him to England. After Hauser's death, Stanhope published a book in which he presented all known evidence against Hauser, taking it as his "duty openly to confess that I had been deceived." Followers of Hauser suspect Stanhope of ulterior motives and connections to the House of Baden, but academic historiography defends him as a philanthropist, a pious man and a seeker of truth.

Life and death in Ansbach
Schoolmaster Meyer, a strict and pedantic man, disliked Hauser's excuses and apparent lies. Their relationship was thus strained. In late 1832, Hauser was employed as a copyist in the local law office. Still hoping that Stanhope would take him to England, Hauser was dissatisfied with his situation, which deteriorated further when his patron, Anselm von Feuerbach, died in May 1833. This was a grievous loss to him. Other authors point out that Feuerbach, by the end of his life, had lost faith in Hauser. He had written a note, to be found in his legacy, which read, "Caspar Hauser is a smart scheming codger, a rogue, a good-for-nothing that ought to be killed." However, there is no indication that Feuerbach, already seriously ill, let Hauser feel this change of opinion.

On 9 December 1833, Hauser had a serious argument with Meyer. Lord Stanhope was expected to visit Ansbach at Christmas and Meyer stated that he did not know how he would face him.

Fatal stab wound
Five days later, on 14 December 1833, Hauser came home with a deep wound in his left breast. By his account, he had been lured to the Ansbach Court Garden, where a stranger stabbed him while giving him a bag. When policeman Herrlein searched the Court Garden, he found a small violet purse containing a pencilled note in Spiegelschrift (mirror writing). The message read, in German:

"Hauser will be able to tell you quite precisely how I look and from where I am. To save Hauser the effort, I want to tell you myself from where I come _ _ . I come fromfrom [sic] _ _ _ the Bavarian border _ _ On the river _ _ _ _ _ I will even tell you the name: M. L. Ö."

Hauser died of the wound on 17 December 1833.

Inconsistencies in Hauser's account led the Ansbach court of enquiry to suspect that he had stabbed himself and then invented a tale about being attacked. The note in the purse that was found in the Court Garden contained a spelling error and a grammatical error, both of which were typical for Hauser, who, on his deathbed, muttered incoherently about "writing with pencil". Although Hauser was eager that the purse be found, he did not ask for its contents. The note itself was folded into a specific triangular form, in the way in which Hauser would fold his letters, according to Mrs. Meyer. Forensic examiners agreed that the wound might indeed be self-inflicted. Many authors believe that he had wounded himself in a bid to revive public interest in his story and to persuade Stanhope to fulfill his promise to take him to England, but that he had injured himself more deeply than planned.

Burial
Hauser was buried in the Stadtfriedhof (city cemetery) in Ansbach, where his headstone reads, in Latin, "Here lies Kaspar Hauser, riddle of his time. His birth was unknown, his death mysterious. 1833." A monument to him was later erected in the Court Garden which reads Hic occultus occulto occisus est, meaning "Here lies a mysterious one who was killed in a mysterious manner."

Medical opinions
Dr. Friedrich Wilhelm Heidenreich, a physician present at the autopsy, claimed that the brain of Kaspar Hauser was notable for small cortical size and its few non-distinct cortical gyri, indicative to some that he suffered from cortical atrophy or, as G. Hesse argued, from epilepsy. Heidenreich may have been influenced by his phrenological ideas when examining Hauser's brain. Dr. Albert, who conducted the autopsy and wrote the official report, found no anomalies in Hauser's brain.

A 1928 medical study supported the view that Hauser had self-inflicted the wound and accidentally stabbed himself too deeply. A 2005 forensic analysis argued that it seems "unlikely that the stab to the chest was inflicted exclusively for the purpose of self-damage, but both a suicidal stab and a homicidal act (assassination) cannot be definitely ruled out."

Psychological viewpoints
Hauser's various accounts of the story of his incarceration include several contradictions. In 1970, psychiatrist Karl Leonhard stated that "If he had been living since childhood under the conditions he describes, he would not have developed beyond the condition of an idiot; indeed he would not have remained alive long. His tale is so full of absurdities that it is astonishing that it was ever believed and is even today still believed by many people."

Karl Leonhard rejected the views of both Heidenreich and Hesse. He contended that "Kaspar Hauser was, as other authors already opined, a pathological swindler. In addition to his hysterical make-up he probably had the persistence of a paranoid personality since he was able to play his role so imperturbably. From many reports on his behaviour one can recognise the hysterical as well as the paranoid trend of his personality."

Rumours
According to contemporary rumours, probably current as early as 1829, Kaspar Hauser was the hereditary prince of Baden, who was born 29 September 1812. According to history, the prince died on 16 October 1812. It was alleged that he had been switched with a dying infant, only to subsequently surface 16 years later as Hauser. In that case, Hauser's parents would have been Charles, Grand Duke of Baden and Stéphanie de Beauharnais, cousin by marriage and adopted daughter of Napoleon. As Charles had no surviving male progeny, his successor was his uncle, Louis, who was later succeeded by his half-brother, Leopold. Leopold's mother, the Countess of Hochberg, was the alleged culprit for the plot. The Countess was supposed to have disguised herself as a ghost, the "White Lady", when kidnapping the prince. Her motive, evidently, would have been to secure the succession for her sons.

Following Hauser's death, it was further claimed that he was murdered, again to hide his supposed true identity. Since Hauser was unmarried and childless when he was stabbed to death in 1833, this heavily disputed claim joined with the actual succession laws of male-only primogeniture, as practiced in the Grand Duchy.

Evidence uncovered in the 1870s
In 1876, Otto Mittelstädt presented evidence against this theory, in the form of official documents concerning the prince's emergency baptism, autopsy and burial. In his Historical Mysteries, Andrew Lang summarises the results: "It is true that the Grand Duchess was too ill to be permitted to see her dead baby, in 1812, but the baby's father, grandmother, and aunt, with the ten Court physicians, the nurses and others, must have seen it, in death, and it is too absurd to suppose, on no authority, that they were all parties to the White Lady's plot." Historian Fritz Trautz went so far as to write that, "The silly fairytale, which to this day moves many pens and has found much belief, was fully disproved in Otto Mittelstädt's book." Letters of the Grand Duke's mother, published in 1951, give detailed accounts of the child's birth, illness and death, which would disprove the theory of switched babies.

Differing DNA analyses
In November 1996, the German magazine Der Spiegel reported an attempt to genetically match a blood sample from underwear thought to have been Hauser's. This analysis was made in laboratories of Forensic Science Service in Birmingham and in the LMU Institute of Legal Medicine at the University of Munich. Comparisons with descendants of the princely family proved that the blood examined could not have come from the hereditary prince of Baden.

In 2002, the Institute for Forensic Medicine of the University of Münster analysed hair and body cells from locks of hair and items of clothing that also belonged to Kaspar Hauser. The analysts took from the items used in the test six different DNA samples, all of which turned out to be identical. All, however, differed substantially from the blood sample examined in 1996, the authenticity of which was therefore questioned. The new DNA samples were compared to a mitochondrial DNA segment from Astrid von Medinger née von Zallinger zu Stillendorf (1954-2002), a female line descendant of Kaspar's supposed younger sister Princess Josephine of Baden through her granddaughter Princess Joséphine Caroline of Belgium. Since mitochondrial DNA passes only through the female line it cannot change except through mutation and so a brother of Josephine should be, if not identical, at least close to identical.

The sequences were not identical, but the deviation observed is not large enough to exclude a relationship as the difference could be caused by a mutation during the previous generations. On the other hand, the relatively high similarity by no means proves the alleged relationship, as the "Hauser samples" showed a pattern amongst the German population.

The House of Baden does not allow any medical examination of the remains of Stéphanie de Beauharnais or of the child that was buried as her son in the family vault at the Pforzheimer Schlosskirche.

Cultural references
Kaspar Hauser fits into the contemporary European image of the "wolf child" (despite the fact that he almost certainly was not one), and he became possibly the best-known example of the genre. As a result, his story inspired numerous works.

Literature
Herman Melville, in his novel The Confidence-Man, published in 1857, has an anonymous member of a crowd, casting about for an identity for a "stranger," evidently a deaf mute, suggest he may be "Casper Hauser".

Kaspar Hauser inspired the French poet Paul Verlaine to write the poem "Gaspard Hauser chante", in which he sees himself as Gaspard, published in his book Sagesse (1880).

Perhaps the most influential fictional treatment of Kaspar Hauser was Jakob Wassermann's 1908 novel Caspar Hauser oder Die Trägheit des Herzens (Caspar Hauser or the Inertia of the Heart), which was largely responsible for its popularity in Germany.

In 1913, Georg Trakl wrote the poem "Kaspar Hauser Lied" ("Kaspar Hauser Song"). It alludes to the works by Verlaine and Wassermann, and has been called the "most striking" expression of a literary trope in which Kaspar Hauser "stood for the natural, poetic genius lost in a strange world, lacking a home, a sense of origin and attachment, and fearing a violent but uncertain future." Martin Heidegger cited this poem in his essay on poetry and language, Unterwegs zur Sprache.

In 1963, Marianne Hauser gave a fictional account of Kaspar Hauser's life in her novel Prince Ishmael.

Gold Key Comics Boris Karloff Thriller issue 2 (January 1963) profiles Hauser in "The Man From Nowhere."

Also in 1963, in his novel Glory Road, Robert Heinlein referred to Hauser as being a person who may have involuntarily shifted from another metaphysical plane to our own.

In 1967, the Austrian playwright Peter Handke published his play Kaspar.

In 1994 the English poet David Constantine explored the story and its personae in Caspar Hauser: A Poem in Nine Cantos.

Hauser is referenced briefly in Ted Chiang's 2000 short story "The Evolution of Human Science."

The story "Kaspar Hauser speaks," from the collection The Knife Thrower by Steven Millhauser is told entirely from Hauser's point of view.

Canadian artist Diane Obomsawin tells the story of Kaspar Hauser in her 2007 graphic novel Kaspar and later adapted it into an animated short film of the same title in 2012.

German journalist, satirist, and writer Kurt Tucholsky used Kaspar Hauser as one of several pseudonyms.

Prospero Burns by Dan Abnett is the fifteenth novel in the Horus Heresy series. Though marketed as the second part of a duology with Graham McNeill's A Thousand Sons that describes the Burning of Prospero from the perspective of the Space Wolves, it is narrated by a human character, Kasper Hawser, and focuses mostly on his life and experiences as a skjald for the Wolves.

Film and television
Michael Landon played Casper Hauser in the episode "The Mystery of Caspar Hauser" of the television series Telephone Time in 1956.

In 1974, the German filmmaker Werner Herzog made Hauser's story into the film, Jeder für sich und Gott gegen alle ("Every Man for Himself and God Against All"). In English, the film was either known by that translation, or by the title The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser. The film includes the main known features of Hauser's life, though it omits most of his changes of location and career. It does not question his veracity.

In 1993, the German-Austrian co-production Kaspar Hauser (film), directed by Peter Sehr, espoused the "Prince of Baden" theory.

La leggenda di Kaspar Hauser (2012, Davide Manuli) is a surreal drama based on "the legend" of Kaspar Hauser. In this modern western-like re-interpretation featuring Vincent Gallo, a music-obsessive Kaspar washes up on a Mediterranean beach, where half a dozen protagonists try to make sense of who he is.

Galician filmmaker Alberto Gracia made an avant-garde version of Hauser's life in O quinto evanxeo de Gaspar Hauser (2013), awarded the Fipresci prize in Rotterdam.

The version of Wrath in the anime Fullmetal Alchemist was heavily based on Kaspar Hauser, being a child raised in the Gate of Truth, mirroring Kaspar being raised in a cell.

Music
Hauser's story has inspired numerous musical references. There have been at least two operas named after him, a 2007 work by American composer Elizabeth Swados and a 2010 work by British composer Rory Boyle.

In 1987, Suzanne Vega wrote "Wooden Horse (Caspar Hauser's Song)", based on how she imagined Hauser's experiences when he emerged from the dungeon.

In 1994, Birgit Scherzer, then director and choreographer of the Saarbrücken Staatstheater Ballet in Germany, used the Hauser story as the basis for the ballet Kaspar Hauser, which she presented at the Saarbrücken Staatstheater.

Non-fiction
In his later years, Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach took a deep interest in the fate of Kaspar Hauser. He was the first to publish a critical summary of the ascertained facts, under the title of Kaspar Hauser, ein Beispiel eines Verbrechens am Seelenleben (1832).

There was a January 1861 Atlantic Monthly unsigned article on Kaspar Hauser. Circulated among the American intellectual establishment of the time, it provides a sense of perspective on many of the issues firing the debate about "Who Was Kaspar Hauser?" which continues to this day.

A brief discussion of Kaspar Hauser appears in the "Physiology" chapter of the editions of Mary Baker Eddy's Science and Health (published 1875–1910).

Anthroposophists have written several books on Kaspar Hauser. One in particular, a detailed work by Peter Tradowsky, addresses the mysteries surrounding Kaspar Hauser's life from the anthroposophical point of view. His analysis delves into the occult significance of the individuality he sees as incarnated in Kaspar Hauser.

Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson wrote Lost Prince: The Unsolved Mystery of Kaspar Hauser (1996). It was also published as The Wild Child: The Unsolved Mystery of Kaspar Hauser (2010).

In a "Kaspar Hauser experiment", a nonhuman animal is reared isolated from members of its own species, in an attempt at determining which behaviors are innate.

title: Kaspar Hauser