text:
Talk:List of Star Trek: Enterprise episodes

Pictures
There should be a standard size for the pictures, like the TNG, DSN and VGR episode lists, to avoid the annoying length issues that occur with episodes like "Unexpected" and "Sleeping Dogs."

Old stuff
Where is the ratings for each episode being obtained from? -- KJen74

Why is this called Star Trek ENT? The series is Star Trek Enterprise. And is a list of episode names worthwhile? Are you planning on discussing each episode, or are we supposed to just be content with names? -- Zoe
 * Aren't Star Trek series names all popularly abbreviated with three letters? There's TOS, TNG, and DS9... not sure about Voyager, though. -- Goatasaur

 * Star Trek VOY is redirected to Star Trek: Voyager. We also have Star Trek: Deep Space Nine and Star Trek: Enterprise.  I really think this should be at List of Star Trek: Enterprise episodes]]. -- Zoe

 * I vote with Zoe. Although a big Star Trek fan, I was confused by the term ENT. Arthur 22:50 Mar 1, 2003 (UTC)

 * Well, if there are other articles with the proper name of the series, it should be kept in the same format. I concur. -- 167.1.128.100

OK, I moved it. But I still question the value of a list of titles. -- Zoe

 * I have been creating a new article for each episode and adding plot summaries for them. So, I think that having an article that lists all the episodes is really whorthwhile. I would like to add plot summaries for every episode on the list, but I am not sure I have the time. I'll try to add as much as I can. --KJen74

I hear your point, Zoe, but real fans are fascinated by this list. You might be right, though, that the list belongs in the Star Trek: Enterprise article. Then the info is available and included in the encyclopedia, but not a separate (why?!) article. -- Arthur 22:26 Mar 6, 2003 (UTC)

Story arcs
I added the story arcs to the bottom of the list. By all means check them out and edit as necessary, though I'm pretty sure I got all the arcs.

As for the Xindi arc. I'd have to pay closer attention to the list and/or watch them again, but there might be a few eps that aren't directly involved with the Xindi. However, they all take place in the Expanse so maybe the arc storyline should be changed to "The Xindi/The Expanse" or something. Cburnett 22:12, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Oh, and I know there's a few season 3 eps that directly bring in the temporal cold war. Cburnett 22:14, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * This is a good idea and I went in and added a bunch. I also added a note that several arcs overlap (case being the three TCW-related episodes during the Xindi arc). IMO all the season 3 episodes tie into the Xindi arc, however indirectly, so I don't see a problem in listing them all. "Home" is very much the coda of the arc, as well as a prologue to the Vulcan arc, so I added it to both lists. And I added a Birth of the Federation arc list which may include the last 3 episodes as well. What are your thoughts about "background" arcs, as in ones that don't really dominate episodes? T'Pol's development (and occasionally undeveleopment) as a Vulcan has very much been an arc since day one, as has the Trip/T'Pol relationship arc that is coming to the fore now. 23skidoo 01:39, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Should make the existing "Plot arcs" and then create "Character arcs". Both are worthy lists to have.  Maybe the Enterprise story arcs merit their own article?  From there, a summary of each arch could be given with the episodes it covers.  Perhaps a blurb about how the arc is continued in each episode, which would be similar to the episode overview but specifically about how the arc evolves. Cburnett 01:45, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Sounds good, though I fear someone might cry "Trekcruft" (a few months back someone tried to get all the episode summaries deleted). But I think some sort of write-up on the different arcs would make for interesting reading. And without giving away any spoilers, many of the major arcs are concluded now since we have a good idea what's happening in the remaining episodes, so this is a good time to do it. 23skidoo 02:13, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Done. List of Star Trek: Enterprise story arcs, feel free to expand like mad. :) Cburnett 04:21, May 4, 2005 (UTC)

Story arcs intro
This is not completely true is it?
 * Star Trek: Enterprise, unlike the other Star Trek television series, has numerous story arcs. The first two seasons had only two story arcs with the entire third season as a single arc. The fourth season has had numerous 2 & 3 episode arcs, which more than doubled the total number of arcs. A number of arcs overlap while some arcs set the scene for later arcs.

I mean DS9 had several storyarcs that was at least three episodes. Dixon 13:48, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * By all means, figure out how many story arcs DS9 had and we can compare. Cburnett 14:21, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * DS9 had a few - the Dominion War, The Circle from season 2, and the whole Bajor politics thing. But if we're talking multiple 2-3 episode story arcs, involving consecutive episodes, then ENT was the first to do this on a regular basis. Had the show been renewed for a fifth season there is every indication this format would have continued. I do think the statement in question could be reworded a little, though. 23skidoo 06:26, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Yeah, my point in writing that was that ENT used story arcs much more unlike the other ST series... Of course, reword as you see fit. Cburnett 06:58, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * I gave it a tweak. And the idea that ENT was the first to truly embrace story arcs has been expressed by the likes of Rick Berman and Manny Coto as well. From what I understand (per a statement apparently made on one of the DS9 DVD releases - I'm hearing this second hand) is that Berman and his team actually consider DS9 to be one single story -- a novel for TV is the term I believe they use -- and not a "story arc" per se. 23skidoo 14:30, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Boston link
The Boston link could do with updating to point to the appropriate Boston article, but I'm not sure which it is. --John 23:27, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

Links to episodes
I am in favour of linking episodes in the form " ( episode)" (see discussion at Talk:List of Star Trek: DS9 episodes. However, I would like to change the format for Enterprise (and Voyager) episode links from, e.g. Broken Bow (ENT episode) to Broken Bow (Enterprise episode) (and Caretaker (VOY episode) to Caretaker (Voyager episode)). I think TNG and DS9 are acceptable abbreviations because they are the initials of The Next Generation and Deep Space 9 but this isn't the case for ENT or VOY. ENT and VOY are handy abreviations but I don't think they should be used in a title. I am not sure exactly what to do about the original series. We could use TOS episode but I don't think it's that obvious. Perhaps we could just use Star Trek episode. What do others think? Marky1981 10:06, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Can article titles be easily changed? We already have a bunch of articles and probably hundreds of links using the (ENT episode) format. Unless there is some global way of changing them, I think it's more trouble than it's worth at this point as we'll be left with a ton of redirects. 23skidoo 15:48, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Having thought about it, I'd much rather have "TITLE (ST:TLA episode)" since "(TNG episode)" doesn't tell much to anyone outside of Star Trek what it is... Yeah yeah, I know.  I proprosed the current format and self-passed it since there were no objections, but I think "ST:" should be appended just to make it more clear.

 * I agree the abbreviations TNG, DS9 etc. aren't very informative to people who do not know Star Trek well, but I don't think prefixing ST: helps much either! I think we'd have to go for '(Star Trek TNG episode)' etc., which is getting a bit long! Maybe just stick to what we have and be consistent Marky1981 00:09, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * As for the question at hand, I think the dab extension (e.g. "ENT episode") should be as short as possible simply to keep human errors down, etc.

 * I have just moved Broken Bow (ENT episode) to Marky1981 00:12, 30 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I recommend checking with the discussion Cburnett posted, below, back in May to make sure there is consensus before going ahead and moving all the articles. There are a large number of links out there so it could take quite a bit of effort to change things. (I assume you are using the Move function to properly retain the History of the articles.) Cheers. 23skidoo 03:52, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * This discussion should really take place at: Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Star Trek. Cburnett 19:24, May 31, 2005 (UTC)

Five-Minute Enterprise
I've been including the satirised shortened versions of Star Trek: Enterprise for the first season already. I feel that it gives humourous insight on the show for fans of the show and Star Trek/science fiction in general, and certainly comes from a rather popular Star Trek satire site (originally called Five-Minute Voyager) and used to be transcribed to Trek Nation's episode listings of Enterprise. I'll continue on, unless others feel the inverse... DrWho42 02:44, 2 June 2006 (UTC)
 * The links should include a brief explanation of what the "Five minute" thing is. (i.e. "Five Minute Vox Sola - parody version") otherwise it might just confuse people who are perhaps expecting it to be an episode review. 23skidoo 02:59, 2 June 2006 (UTC)
 * That I'll do then... DrWho42 03:01, 2 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Cool. I didn't realize there were Five Minute Doctor Whos now -- I'll have to check them out. 23skidoo 05:22, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

Anyone know which episodes Seth McFarlane appeared in? I'd like to know. Thanks.

Image for Future Tense
The image for the episode Future Tense is from In a Mirror, Darkly. Philip Stevens 10:22, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

Naming conventions poll
There is an ongoing poll and Request for Comment at Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (television) which has direct relevance to how to title the Star Trek episode articles, meaning that based on how this poll comes out, many Star Trek episodes may get moved around. All interested editors are therefore strongly encouraged to participate, to ensure that your wishes are incorporated into the consensus process. --Elonka 22:14, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

Request Move
A Request Move affecting the naming of articles in this list is currently being conducted here. All opinions are welcome. -- `/aksha 10:26, 22 December 2006 (UTC)

Discrepancy in Episode Numbering
I amended the entries for the episode "Fallen Hero" as per www.tv.com's episode guide, which shows it as episode 23, not 22 as originally shown in wikipedia. However, I then found the episode listing here in wikipedia which shows "Broken Bow" as episode 1, whereas www.tv.com shows it as a 2-episode story, episodes 1 and 2. Which numbering is officially correct, and what is the source for this? Rodparkes 09:04, 4 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Almost two years too late, but I must ask, why tv.com when you have the official site to use? Alastairward (talk) 23:41, 31 March 2009 (UTC)

Nielsen Ratings
Where did these numbers come from? I don't want to add citation requests for all of them, but the information needs to be verifiable and should be referenced. The fourth season does have ratings in one of the external links, but none of the others do, so are they correct and does anyone have sources? Phydend 02:20, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes, I second that. I searched around but I cannot find the source of these figures. They don't seem to be on other lists of Star Trek episodes either.DJ Barney (talk) 21:47, 5 June 2009 (UTC)
 * When I'm finished with List of Star Trek: The Original Series episodes, if there aren't any sources, I'll delete the ratings when I rewrite the listings. -- Aatrek / TALK 21:56, 5 June 2009 (UTC)

Merger proposal
I noticed that the season 1 episode articles don't seem to contain much save the plot and standard infobox. It might be an idea to merge the episode articles for each season into a more concise season page, as for Lost (season 1). The individual articles by themselves don't seem to possess notability beyond being articles on episodes of Star Trek. Any thoughts? Alastairward (talk) 19:38, 18 March 2009 (UTC)
 * I might give them a bit of improvement. Just give me a few weeks to find some free time and I'll have a go. Dave (talk) 23:49, 18 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Looks like there's not much interest in a merge at this time. -- Aatrek / TALK 20:53, 27 May 2009 (UTC)

Rewriting the listings
I'm working to adjust the page to include writers and directors, as well as reworking the column ordering, just like I've done on List of Star Trek: The Original Series episodes. I based my changes on the featured list, List of 30 Rock Episodes. I also rewrote the entire page header, added in DVD release info (along with a picture of the Region 1 DVD set). Comments would be appreciated. Aatrek (talk) 20:29, 17 April 2009 (UTC)

Merger proposal 2

 * JUST FYI: The link to this discussion on the proposed merger tag was faulty, linking to the article page instead of the talk page. Corrected just now. 66.102.198.220 (talk) 20:13, 21 June 2010 (UTC)

Having looked over the episode pages again, nobody has seemed too moved to improve them any, either that or they can't be. There's precious little other than plot on the vast majority of the episode pages, they would appear to fail to provide much in the way of notability.

Other TV franchises such as Stargate SG-1 have already had their episode articles merged into season lists (example) with a handful of notable episodes having their own articles.

I propose (following discussion on the Star Trek Wikiproject talk page) to merge our Enteprise episode articles that lack any such notability back to this page, with the seasons being branched off into articles for each as and when they expand sufficiently to merit it. WikiuserNI (talk) 19:54, 18 June 2010 (UTC)

 * Can you please give it some more time, myself and two other editors are working on gathering sources for these articles. It is going to take a few months. Consensus has not been reached at WikiProject Star Trek in favor of merging all of them. We agreed to look for references, and if none could be found by the end of 2011 then they wold be merged. --Alpha Quadrant (talk) 21:04, 18 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I didn't suggest merging them all, certainly not any notable episodes. Many if not all of the articles for S1 have been tagged for notability already for many months. Merging doesn't prejudice against unmerging and adding content. The end of 2011 is quite a wait BTW.
 * I tried to knock together a quick season page for Enterprise to see how it would look. WikiuserNI (talk) 21:17, 18 June 2010 (UTC)
 * A quick look at the project page suggested we go ahead and that it hasn't already been done due to lack of effort, not because the articles deserved to go without merging. WikiuserNI (talk) 21:19, 18 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I think it would be a good idea to just delete most of them bar the better articles (like These Are the Voyages... is a good one). What happens is that then the editors work on the few episodes at a time, add a reception section, perhaps viewership. etc etc. Once the episode is acceptable, they can then move onto another episode. This is what has happened before on wikipedia. A lot of pokémon for example used to have their own article, but all the articles were really bad. So they like merged all the articles bar a few into some List of Pokémon articles, and started working on the pokémon a couple at a time. They have subsequently re-added articles for pokémon as they went along. They now have 17 well written articles, as opposed to the heaps of crappy ones they had before. IAmTheCoinMan (talk) 13:22, 20 June 2010 (UTC)
 * We managed the same with the Animated Series, one or two episodes were quite notable even for that series (Yesteryear and The Slaver Weapon) and were afterwards unmerged and expanded. Most of the rest remain merged, at no apparent loss. WikiuserNI (talk) 09:50, 21 June 2010 (UTC)

 * We intend to fix all of them. If they are merged a new image file will have to be re-uploaded. If they are left un-merged and given time then we will not have to find another image. We just need more time. Wikipedia does not have a deadline. --Alpha Quadrant (talk) 20:26, 21 June 2010 (UTC)

A FRIENDLY WARNING! It seems to me that user:WikiuserNI is treading dangerously close to violating Good Faith with the comment; "A quick look at the project page suggested we go ahead and that it hasn't already been done due to lack of effort..." -- User:Alpha Quadrant has clearly stated that 3 editors are working to correct this issue and unless WikiuserNI is suggesting that this is a lie any effort to declare a "lack of effort" is extremely uncollegiate. If editors are (assumed in good faith to be) working to correct issues then other editors should gracefully allow them to do so, even if the efforts are not immediately visible. It is also disturbing to me that Alpha Quadrant's apparent "begging" for more time indicates they do not understand that articles are never owned by anyone. WikiuserNI and others here should have helped them to understand that rather than letting such a misconception continue to their advantage. 66.102.198.220 (talk) 20:30, 21 June 2010 (UTC)
 * There is no assumption of bad faith, a look over the Wikiproject page didn't suggest that there were a trio of editors fixing things other than AlphaQuadrant's comment. There were plenty of voices suggesting a merge.
 * To merge takes as much effort as to "fix" the article, I'm happy to wait for a bit. Merging can make it easier to assimilate the information regarding each episode, especially if it lacks anything more than the plot and primary actors/director. So it's not as if I'm trying to thwart Wikipedia's goals. WikiuserNI (talk) 09:45, 22 June 2010 (UTC)

Opposed. I find the episode summaries quite helpful. When I'm confused about something happening in an episode, I come here to look, and I'm always satisfied with the result. Ignore all silly made-up Wikipedia rules and just focus on what's important about an encyclopedia: its usefullness. AkankshaG (talk) 18:49, 12 August 2010 (UTC)
 * AkankshaG, the summaries would still be there, just all on one page. For extended plot summaries, there are fan wikis and other reources. WikiuserNI (talk) 19:41, 12 August 2010 (UTC)
 * I also oppose. Wikipedia isn't a reference tool that just gives you the bare basics and tells you to go elsewhere if you want more than that.  If I want a bare minimum, I look at the main episodes page, if I want more detail I click on the episode itself.  I don't think Wikipedia's philosophy is "If you don't improve it to standard X by date Y then it gets deleted until you can do so.  I for one find the current versions very useful and would be sad to see them go. 207.38.187.110 (talk) 18:41, 24 August 2010 (UTC)
 * That's the point through, the episode articles at present don't give you much more than an expanded plot summary. A list of episodes would perform the same task admirably. WikiuserNI (talk) 21:21, 24 August 2010 (UTC)
 * What? Your proposal would mean we delete all of our Star Trek articles and keep a single list for each Series. Wikipedia is a Encyclopedia not a dictionary or a single sentence plot summary that you could find at Amazon. Wikipedia is not finished either, the Star Trek articles are not finished. Most are unreferenced, we need to fix these articles, instead we are proposing that the whole project be merged in to lists, redirecting people to Memory Alpha, the unreferenced wiki. This is lazy, we should actually try and look for sources, instead we are using excuses like "WikiProject Stargate did it". Well they were lazy, rather than fix their articles, they merged them in to short one-sentence "summaries". Our project has less than five featured articles, why? Because we aren't collaborating to fix the articles. The one Stargate episode the project actually tried to fix 200 (Stargate SG-1) is really good. We could make really good articles if we all worked together. Or we could make 10 or so lists, call it good, and disband WikiProject Star Trek. If we choose the latter why don't also propose the merging of Captain Kirk to List of Star Trek characters. According to WP:NOT wikipedia is not a list. Now I know what people are going to say next, "We aren't going to merge all of them, just the ones with all plot and are 'not notable'." Well if we fixed the article it wouldn't be all plot. What defines notability from one episode to another? How much you personally liked it? Another possibility is a excuse "The reason the Stargate Episode 200 is featured is because it was the 200th episode anniversary and that's what made the difference from normal articles" That may be, but most of the references cited are episode reviews. So when you say episode reviews don't help prove notability you are incorrect. Now I know what's next, you're going to call me a bad editor, not good for Wikipedia, claiming page ownership, and the list goes on, well I am not. I am trying to fix the articles and would like some help. I don't like being criticized because I am fixing the articles. I know the reason you are criticizing me, because if I fix the article with reliable sources then I prove notability, and you want the articles merged, so you don't want that to happen. In the WP:Merge it states that if a article has the potential to become a good article then it should not be merged because it is not currently "good enough" . --Alpha Quadrant (talk) 01:20, 18 September 2010 (UTC)
 * You know what I'm going to say next Alpha? So you know in advance I'm going to mention that the 200th episode of Stargate had "won the 2007 Constellation Award for Best Overall 2006 Science Fiction Film or Television Script, and was nominated for the 2007 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form. Richard Dean Anderson also won a SyFy Genre Award for his guest appearance in the episode." Unless every episode of the series was so awarded, then yes, this episode is more notable than the norm.
 * I won't address the rest of your complaint against me, it being I believe, a heap of straw men. WikiuserNI (talk) 10:12, 18 September 2010 (UTC)
 * And merging all articles would be against the purpose of a list, to help users navigate between articles, not becoming the articles. Lists have no substance, and merging all Star Trek articles would be against policy LSC. It states, if the articles on the list are not notable enough to have their own articles, they the list isn't notable enough to have, unless the list has significant sources. Which this list does not, so I guess if all of the articles are merged here then the first criteria fails, and since we don't have sources here we fail the second criteria. SO it appears we will likely be deleting most all of our articles. --Alpha Quadrant (talk) 01:46, 18 September 2010 (UTC)

All we need to do is apply Manual of Style (television) Support merging any episode article where an "allplot" tag has been applied and no changes have been made for a significant period of time (say, 3 months). If someone wants to read episode summaries, there are other resources for that, and that content isn't encyclopedic and fails to demonstrate that the episode is notable. Doniago (talk) 19:17, 12 August 2010 (UTC)
 * I believe I had linked on the Wikiproject page to a season list (not just a simple list of episodes) for Enterprise that I had created in my userspace (here we are) that would be more than a simple list. Other TV series have such pages, why not Star Trek? WikiuserNI (talk) 10:12, 18 September 2010 (UTC)

Oppose Deletionistic Vandalism Comparison of the stated reasons for this proposal with the results would tend to indicate, at best, magical or wishful thinking about article improvement. The proposal is in practice not a merger proposal but a wide scale deletion of articles rationalised with various hocus pocus group dynamic theorising, wishful thinking, intellectualised rationalisations and perhaps worst of all a presupposition that an individual editor can credibly justifify unilateral deletion of content in its entirety based upon a misrepresentation of the character of the change (merging rather than wide scale deletion) and a flimsy appeal to misapplied standards. A merger, by definition, would involve substantial reproduction of content from the source article to the target article, this has not occured, in fact article content has been simply deleted and replaced with redirects. In law the predicable consequences of behaviour can be taken as a sign of intent as can the actual results. In this case the content of the articles has not improved, in fact it has simply been deleted. Judging by the evidence of the actions of the main proponent and the resulting articles then in practice the results vary from the stated justifications only in that content has not improved but simply been deleted. If the intent of the proposal were to improve article content as claimed rather than delete it then it has not achieved that goal and the ensuing deletions and redirects should therefore be immediately reversed and remain that way. --Theo Pardilla (talk) 04:23, 25 September 2010 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure why you're failing to AGF here, especially given that the proposal originally came up in June and no changes were made until practically October. There was plenty of time for article improvement to occur, and from the few I monitor, no significant changes occurred, particularly in terms of establishing notability. In any case, it's not at all appropriate to call Good Faith edits Vandalism, and if you had such problems with the changes I'd be curious as to why you waited until now to express your opinion. Might I ask how you would have gone about improving the individual articles? Doniago (talk) 07:21, 25 September 2010 (UTC)

 * 'Oppose merger There is no reason to merge. You don't get to eliminate an article, simply because you don't like how it is written.   D r e a m Focus  12:16, 28 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Oppose merge - Just because they are written poorly doesn't mean they require merging. There was no consensus for merging it was split 50/50. -- Alpha Quadrant   talk    14:30, 28 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Wait upon recounting the consensus was 2 in favor and 5 against. -- Alpha Quadrant   talk    14:32, 28 September 2010 (UTC)
 * The rationale for merging was put forward sometime ago and there was ample time to discuss and improve the articles. While discussion took place, nothing was done to improve the articles in that time. Those who support stand alone articles have promised work that has not appeared, have promised sources that have not been cited and have complained about brief episode summaries that are more than taken care of by Memory Alpha.
 * There is no real rationale to keep standalone articles other than to look upon consensus as a simple head count. The editors who popped in and said no steered clear of the articles after that time. Alpha Quadrant, the most vocal of those editors, contributed by adding cites that reiterated the plot of one episode and nothing more. Other editors simply complained and removed the notability tags without addressing them. WikiuserNI (talk) 17:17, 28 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Yeah, this was a good merger. The "usefulness" of the plot summaries isn't particularly relevant. Per various other TV series wikiprojects and overall discussion on characters and episodes: individually notable episodes (e.g. pilots, cliffhangers, others for which there is significant real-world information) are appropriate to stand alone; otherwise, this kind of list is great. --EEMIV (talk) 21:40, 28 September 2010 (UTC)

 * After doing some searching I found that some of the episodes had been nominated and even won Emmy awards. Added in that information in for the season one episodes.   D r e a m Focus  04:12, 29 September 2010 (UTC)
 * I'd doubt the notability of a mere nomination (I'd go so far as to doubt the notability of a hairdresing award too). From what I can see, it's not every episode too, so that could be very nicely added to the season page. WikiuserNI (talk) 13:21, 29 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Different episodes were nominated for best makeup(for the aliens), best hair, and best visual effects, they winning some of them.  D r e a m Focus  23:13, 29 September 2010 (UTC)
 * I added the awards to the season page, two episodes, two wins and two nominations. I hadn't even merged one of those episodes (Broken Bow) either, in anticipation that a series première would have more of a critical response to write about. So that's two episodes then.
 * Is there anything with something notable that actually needs an article page to expand upon the notability? Something like the TOS episode The City on the Edge of Forever, which wasn't just award winning, but has extensive coverage which would be missed on a simple list. In comparison, there's not much to say about an Emmy won for hair dressing is there? WikiuserNI (talk) 01:08, 30 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Support the merger of all episode articles that can't make any claim to notability/real-world specialness after a while (e.g. three months). Episodes with major award nominations should be given more time (e.g. a year), and I wouldn't mind if award-winning episodes or very special episodes for other reasons (there should not be more than a handful of them) get allowed to stay for years. That's what worked for merge proposals for the episode wiki coverage of many other TV shows here. It's not an option to keep policy- and guideline-violating episode articles around forever; either interested editors start improving the articles significantly now and continue doing that (this still doesn't seem to be the case), or they'll have to allow other editors to clean this up in faster ways (i.e. merging). – sgeureka t•c 08:10, 15 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Oppose I oppose merger per the recent consensus at AFD that the article be kept. Colonel Warden (talk) 07:30, 21 October 2010 (UTC)
 * A keep at an AfD doesn't preclude a merge of that or indeed any other article on the proposed merge list. There were quite a few merge votes on that AfD too remember. WikiuserNI (talk) 13:08, 21 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Oppose: I also oppose merger per AfD close and closing statement, "Significant comments from multiple editors assert and have shown there is enough reliable secondary source coverage to retain, and improve, this article."  BTW, OT: if anyone can help me find a picture of Jacob Hyer, I would appreciate it, I think its a good DYK candidate I just put together.--Milowent • talkblp-r  15:07, 21 October 2010 (UTC)

Broadcast dates
Why are many air/broadcast dates listed as "unknown" when they are given in the episodes' separate articles.

Since they're given/known there, why aren't they given/listed here?

Seems rather dumb. 2600:8800:785:9400:C23F:D5FF:FEC4:D51D (talk) 09:18, 9 February 2021 (UTC)

In-universe dates
There are a lot of episodes with a date listed as "Unknown".

Some of these episodes are not blank slates. For instance, episode 4 contains dialogue along the lines of "3 weeks in deep space, and..." implying that this episode occurs on approximately May 7, 2151. How should this sort of approximate information be recorded?

I propose


text:
Dalsland

Dalsland is a Swedish traditional province, or landskap, situated in Götaland in southern Sweden. Lying to the west of Lake Vänern, it is bordered by Värmland to the north, Västergötland to the southeast, Bohuslän to the west, and Norway to the northwest.

The province has a low population density of around 14 inhabitants/km2 and just one town of significant size: Åmål. The total population numbers 50,604. The uninhabited areas are characterized by dense forests in the northwestern uplands and lakes in the east, giving rise to the epithet, commonly used for Dalsland, of "Sweden's lake province".

The Latinized name Dalia, which was often used to name Dalsland in older prints, can still sometimes be encountered.

Administration
The traditional provinces of Sweden serve no administrative or political purposes, but are historical and cultural entities. Dalsland formed the northern part of the administrative county Älvsborg County until 1998 when the present Västra Götaland County was formed. A very small part of the province, Dalboredden, is in Värmland County.

Heraldry
Dalsland was granted its arms at the time of the funeral of Gustav Vasa in 1560. In the 16th century Dalsland had the status of a County (Comitatus) and was represented with an Earl's coronet. On January 18, 1884 the Privy Council gave all provinces the right of use to a Dukal coronet for their coat of arms. Blazon: "Argent an Ox passant armed and hoofed Or."

Etymology
Dalsland was originally called Dal, "Valley", originally referring only to the flat southeastern part. The name Dal is still in part used locally, about all Dalsland. The name Dalsland, "valley land", might have been given by central authorities, to distinguish from Dalarna.

Geography

No other part of Sweden has its area covered with as many lakes as Dalsland does. Of its total area, around 450 km2 is water, but a part of lake Vänern (Sweden's largest lake) is also belonging to the province.

From the shores of Vänern, one can sail through the river systems up to the mythical lake Stora Le. Stora Le has a length of 66 km, whereof 37 km are within Dalsland, and the remaining part within the Värmland province, with a bay into Norway.

The terrain consists of 1/4 agricultural lands and 2/3 forested lands. The province's southern part are suitable for agriculture, but there is a shortage of man-power to cultivate it.

Tresticklan is a national park in Dalsland. There are also several nature reserves.

The Dalsland Canal was completed in 1868 and has 28 locks in its length of 254 km.

Sub-divisions
Municipalities are local districts of administration, with elected councils. Within Dalsland's borders these are the municipalities:

 * 1) Bengtsfors Municipality
 * 2) Dals-Ed Municipality
 * 3) Färgelanda Municipality
 * 4) Mellerud Municipality
 * 5) Åmål Municipality
 * 6) Parts of Munkedal, Säffle, Vänersborg and Årjäng Municipalities, although all municipal seats of these four are outside Dalsland's borders.

Dalsland was historically divided into one chartered city and five hundreds. The hundreds were provincial sub-divisions from the Middle Ages, but were discontinued in the early 20th century.

Dalsland's chartered city was Åmål (royal charter in 1643). Its hundreds were: Nordal Hundred, Sundal Hundred, Tössbo Hundred, Valbo Hundred and Vedbo Hundred. They correspond approximately to today's municipalities: Nordal → Mellerud, Sundal → part of Vänersborg, Tössbo+Åmål → Åmål, Valbo → Färgelanda and Vedbo → Bengtsfors+Dals-Ed.

Elections
Dalsland is part of Västra Götaland County and does not have its own assembly. However, these are combined results from the five municipalities whose seats are in the province in Riksdag elections since the 1973 election, the first since the municipal merger.

History
The first recorded use of the term "Dalsland" dates to 1508. Before then, the term used was "Dal", or "de Dal", literally meaning "Valley" or "the Valleys", which referred to two specific valleys in the southern area closest to Vänern.

The area has around 5,000 localized ancient remains. They indicate the origin of the inhabitants to stem from the south and the province Bohuslän; dialectal studies and social aspects have come to a similar conclusion.

In the 13th century, the inhabitants were referred to as "West Geats west of Vänern" by King Magnus Ladulås. The oldest provincial law from 1442 called the region "Dal in Westrogothia". All sources point to them being a – remote – part of the province of Västergötland. The mountainous parts were at the time known as "markerna", meaning "hinterlands".

Its exposed location near the Norwegian border made it subject to invasion, although to a lesser degree than the southern Bohuslän and Västergötland. It was first conquered around 1100 by the Norwegian Magnus Barefoot, who only held the province until King Valdemar Atterdag re-drew provincial borders.

The Nordic Seven Years' War was particularly hard, especially 1568 when 281 farms were burnt. Other feuds that were negative for the province were those of 1611-1612, 1644-1645 and 1675–1679.

The population has seen a decline since the 1880s, at the time numbering over 83,000, with emigration to North America and Norway accounting for most decreases early on. A census counts the local population to be 70,486 in 1905. These days, population numbers lie around 50,000.

Åmål, the province's largest town, has however seen an increase from 3,858 residents 1905 to a current approximate 9,000.

Culture
People in the western part of Dalsland were believed to have migrated from Bohuslän, although probably long before that area was Norwegian. A distinctive feature in the Högsäter-area of Valbo Hundred was an inclination to brown eyes and dark hair, and a slightly rounder facial shape.

The municipalities in Dalsland still makes frequent use of the provincial name, as the means to distinguish their history and culture from the rest of West Sweden. Culturally, Dalsland is as connected to Värmland as it is to the other neighbouring provinces Västergötland and Bohuslän.

Tongue
The dialect is a Swedish language variety known as the Dalbo-dialect. It is a variation of the Götamål dialect, and closest related to the other Götaland provinces, although it differs from them in the absence of a guttural R.

Its location by the Norwegian border has also added some features. The dialects vary over the province, since it is mostly hilly but has some more densely populated areas near its borders. These areas have been influenced by the neighbour areas.

One dialectal oddity is the norm for locals to say "bo på Dal", in English "live on [the] Valley", as opposed to the usual "bo i Västergötland", in English "live in Västergötland".

Sports
Football in the province is administered by Dalslands Fotbollförbund.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Dalsland


text:
Talk:Girolamo Aleandro

Italiorum/Italicorum
Was the Toscanus work "Carmina Illustrium Poetarum Italiorum" or "...Italicorum"? EB1911 clearly prints the former, but my rudimentary Latin and some web sources (other than those based on this Wikipedia article itself) suggests the "c" is correct. David Brooks (talk) 23:32, 30 June 2008 (UTC)
 * I just checked two Latin dictionaries: Italiorum is indeed the genitive plural of Itali. David Brooks (talk) 04:24, 2 July 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Girolamo Aleandro


text:
Talk:Humanistic education

Humanistic and humanism
Isn't this spelled "humanistic"? -- Goatasaur

I believe it is spelled humanist education. And I am very surprised to see humanist education connected to the beliefs or Steiner. I am developing a book on humanist education. I think a better introduction on the topic can be given by Wiel Veugeler and professor Aloni. See the book education and humanism at www.sensepublishers.com. First chapters are free downloadable. Humanist education is not similar to the method of Steiner and the beliefs are different. Since Steiner comes from a more spiritual background and humanism is based on autonomy, humanity and rationalist thinking. Thus really different. Gea Meijers — Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.30.47.175 (talk) 15:21, 8 September 2011 (UTC)

 * I think the spelling of "humanistic" signifies a relationship to "Humanistic psychology" rather than humanism. I agree that the discussion of Steiner appears out of place and is not established by the references. -- Shunpiker (talk) 14:49, 24 September 2011 (UTC)

 * Waldorf pedagogy doesn't stem from humanistic psychology, but incorporates the majority of its principles. It's important to clarify this distinction. hgilbert (talk) 17:34, 24 September 2011 (UTC)
 * I've tried to address this with a better source. hgilbert (talk) 17:43, 24 September 2011 (UTC)

Influence
I'm not sure influence is the best title for a section that describes school movements that predate Rogers and Maslow. They are parallel developments; could this be an alternative section title? hgilbert (talk) 20:47, 24 September 2011 (UTC)

 * Agreed that the chronology is confused, but I think this is due to the two different uses of "humanistic" within the article, one referring to the "humanistic education movement" which emerged in the 1970s, and one to "humanistic" or "holistic" approaches to education, which go back much further. I propose moving the parts of this article referring to the the school of thought rooted in Maslow and Rogers be moved to a separate article. Then, if there are enough reliable sources to establish an article about humanistic education in general, the article should be built out from those. In that case, it might do well to embrace the historical use of the term as well. Otherwise, it could be converted into a disambiguation page which would point to the various articles which describe the common uses of the term: humanistic education movement, holistic education, and humanities/humanism/liberal arts/etc. -- Shunpiker (talk) 19:06, 25 September 2011 (UTC)

 * We should discuss this further. Is the present usage of humanistic education really differentiated in this way? I have the impression that there has been a blending of approaches. From my very unscientific attempt to check this, through a Google-Scholar search on "Humanistic education" and "Humanistic education movement", I would say that (since about 1990) there is now rarely any attempt clearly to differentiate the Rogers/Maslow and other streams. At least since the 1990 edition, Britannica, similarly, refers to humanistic education simply as a return to the liberal tradition, mentioning Hutchins and Rogers as significant figures.

 * I can imagine a section on the narrower usage of humanistic education within the article on Humanistic psychology; based on the size on the present article's discussion of the Maslow/Rogers direction, it would fit easily here. Then this could remain a general article for the general use of the term.

 * I am comfortable with either solution, however. hgilbert (talk) 20:51, 25 September 2011 (UTC)

 * What was once the "Journal of Humanistic Education and Development" appears to have changed its name to "Journal of Humanistic Counseling and Development" at some time (when?). Does this again suggest that the educational side has been subsumed into a larger movement in education, or am I reading too much into this? hgilbert (talk) 20:57, 25 September 2011 (UTC)

Possible lead revision for comment
Humanistic education in the narrower sense refers to an approach to education based on the work of humanistic psychologists, most notably Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers. In the broader sense, it refers to a variety of approaches to education that seek to engage the whole person, including those founded on the work of Rudolf Steiner and Maria Montessori

In humanistic education, the intellect, feeling life, social capacities, artistic and practical skills are all important focuses for growth and development. Important objectives include developing children's self-esteem, ability to set and achieve appropriate goals, and development toward full autonomy. hgilbert (talk) 01:16, 26 September 2011 (UTC)

Steiner
I am concerned about the recent removal of Steiner as one of the founders of humanistic education. He did not merely "incorporate" some of the elements of humanism, as the page edit suggests; a great many of the humanistic elements embedded in Waldorf education are original with him. There were two solid citations for his significance as a founder of humanistic education. What justifies the removal?
 * Timothy Leonard, Pedagogies of the Imagination: Mythopoetic Curriculum in Educational Practice, Springer 2008, p. 232
 * R. C. S. Trahair, Utopias and Utopians: an historical dictionary, Greenwood Press, 1999, p. 348

We could add more citations if you like: If anything, the article should be considerably expanded to reflect the humanistic tradition pre-Adler. hgilbert (talk) 12:13, 28 May 2012 (UTC)
 * Keith Sullivan, "Progressive Education: Where Are You Now That We Need You?", Oxford Review of Education, Vol. 22, No. 3 (Sep., 1996), pp. 349-355.
 * Earl J. Ogletree, "Rudolf Steiner: Unknown Educator",The Elementary School Journal, Vol. 74, No. 6 (Mar., 1974), pp. 344-351
 * Val D. Rust, "Education Reform: Who are the Radicals?", in Nelly P. Stromquist, Karen Monkman, Globalization and Education: Integration and Contestation Across Cultures, p. 70

And:
 * Sarah W. Foster, "An Introduction to Waldorf Education", The Clearing House, Vol. 57, No. 5 (Jan., 1984), pp. 228-230: "The Waldorf Schools offer an approach to humanistic education which has stood the test of time." hgilbert (talk) 15:52, 28 May 2012 (UTC)

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Suite (music)

A suite, in Western classical music, is an ordered set of instrumental or orchestral/concert band pieces. It originated in the late 14th century as a pairing of dance tunes; and grew in scope so that by the early 17th century it comprised up to five dances, sometimes with a prelude. The separate movements were often thematically and tonally linked. The term can also be used to refer to similar forms in other musical traditions, such as the Turkish fasıl and the Arab nuubaat.

In the Baroque era, the suite was an important musical form, also known as Suite de danses, Ordre (the term favored by François Couperin), Partita, or Ouverture (after the theatrical "overture" which often included a series of dances) as with the orchestral suites of Christoph Graupner, Telemann and J.S. Bach.

During the 18th century, the suite fell out of favour as a cyclical form, giving way to the symphony, sonata and concerto. It was revived in the later 19th century, but in a different form, often presenting extracts from a ballet (Nutcracker Suite), the incidental music to a play (L'Arlésienne, Masquerade), opera, film (Lieutenant Kije Suite) or video game (Motoaki Takenouchi's 1994 suite to the Shining series), or entirely original movements (Holberg Suite, The Planets).

History
Estienne du Tertre published suyttes de bransles in 1557, giving the first general use of the term "suite" 'suyttes' in music, although the usual form of the time was as pairs of dances. The first recognizable suite is Peuerl's Newe Padouan, Intrada, Dantz, and Galliarda of 1611, in which the four dances of the title appear repeatedly in ten suites. The Banchetto musicale by Johann Schein (1617) contains 20 sequences of five different dances. The first four-movement suite credited to a named composer, Sandley's Suite, was published in 1663.

Baroque era
The Baroque suite consisted of allemande, courante, sarabande, and gigue, in that order, and developed during the 17th century in France, the gigue appearing later than the others. Johann Jakob Froberger is usually credited with establishing the classical suite through his compositions in this form, which were widely published and copied, although this was largely due to his publishers standardizing the order; Froberger's original manuscripts have many different orderings of the movements, e.g. the gigue preceding the sarabande. The publisher's standardized order was, however, highly influential especially on the works of Bach.

Many later suites included other movements placed between sarabande and gigue. These optional movements were known as galanteries: common examples are the minuet, gavotte, passepied, and bourrée. Often there would be two contrasting galanteries with the same name, e.g. Minuet I and II, to be played alternativement, meaning that the first dance is played again after the second (but without the internal repeats), thus I, II, I.

The later addition of an overture to make up an "overture-suite" was extremely popular with German composers; Telemann claimed to have written over 200 overture-suites, Christoph Graupner wrote 86 orchestral overture-suites and 57 partitas for harpsichord, J.S. Bach had his four orchestral suites along with other suites, and Handel put his Water Music and Music for the Royal Fireworks in this form. Handel wrote 22 keyboard suites; Bach produced multiple suites for lute, cello, violin, flute, and other instruments, as well as English suites, French suites and Partitas for keyboard. François Couperin's later suites (which he called "Ordres") often dispensed entirely with the standard dances and consisted entirely of character pieces with fanciful names.

18th and 19th century
By the 1750s, the suite had come to be seen as old-fashioned, superseded by the symphony and concerto, and few composers were still writing suites during that time. But since the 19th century, composers have frequently arranged ballets, operas, and other works into suites for concert performance. Arrangement into a suite can make the music more accessible and available to a wider audience, and has greatly helped popularize the music itself, such as in Tchaikovsky's suite from The Nutcracker, or Aaron Copland's suite from Appalachian Spring. Suites for orchestra or concert band usually consist of one or more movements. An example is Grieg's Peer Gynt Orchestral Suites I and II, each consisting of four movements. Such suites may consist of
 * an instrumental selection from a larger work such as an opera, ballet, film score, or musical;
 * a sequence of smaller pieces tied together by a common theme, such as the nationalistically inflected suites of Grieg, Sibelius, or Tchaikovsky and The Planets by Holst;
 * a work deliberately referential of Baroque themes, as in the mischievous Suite for Piano by Schoenberg.

Carl Nielsen made a Suite for String Orchestra his Opus 1 in 1888 at the age of 23. In the late 19th century, Sibelius's Karelia Suite was written for the students of the Helsinki university.

20th century
Brought on by Impressionism, the piano suite was reintroduced by early 20th-century French composers such as Ravel and Debussy. Debussy's Pour le piano is a suite in three movements, published in 1901, and his Suite bergamasque, revised in 1905, is probably one of the most famous suites, especially the third movement, Clair de Lune. Ravel is particularly well known for his Miroirs suite for piano and lesser known for Le tombeau de Couperin, both requiring tremendous skill and dexterity from the pianist.

Arnold Schoenberg's first use of the twelve-tone technique throughout an entire work was in his Suite for Piano, op. 25. Modeled on the Baroque keyboard suite, the piece consists of six movements entitled Präludium (Prelude), Gavotte, Musette, Intermezzo, Menuett (Minuet, with Trio), and Gigue.

Other famous examples of early 20th-century suites are The Planets by Gustav Holst, a "Suite for Orchestra" in which each piece represents the astrological significance of one of the seven uninhabited planets then known, as well as his First Suite in E-flat and Second Suite in F for Military Band.

There are as well several examples of suites being used in the jazz genre. Perhaps the most notable composer is Duke Ellington/Billy Strayhorn, who produced many suites, amongst them: Black, Brown and Beige, Such Sweet Thunder, The Far East Suite, the New Orleans Suite, the Latin American Suite, and many more. Suites are also used in free jazz (Max Roach: Freedom Now Suite, Don Cherry, John Coltrane's A Love Supreme, etc.).

Another example of a suite in the 20th-century would come from the progressive rock band Pink Floyd. Their 1970 album Atom Heart Mother included the epic 23 minute-long Atom Heart Mother Suite on the first side of the record.

Dance suite
The dance suite was a collection of dance music popular in the Baroque era. It consists of the following movements in this order:
 * Allemande: Literally translates from French as "German”, but by the time of its canonization in the suite it was thoroughly French, and was archaic as an actual dance by the 17th century. It is a moderate dance with a meter of characterized by uniform movement in sixteenth notes, a mostly homophonic texture, even rhythms, and a generally restrained mood.
 * Courante or Corrente: A courante is a highly structured French dance in time featuring polyphonic textures, characteristic hemiola effects implying  especially in its formulaic cadences, and bursts of motion over a moderate underlying pulse. The Corrente is an Italian version in quick  or, generally in two parts with a simpler harmonic structure, more uniform note values, more virtuosic character, and freer form than its French counterpart.
 * Sarabande: A slow, stately dance in time, infrequently in . The original Spanish dance (inherited through Mexico) was very lively and quick, and famously controversial owing to its perceived lascivious character. However, by the time of its inclusion in the suite via France, it had been totally reimagined as a sedate centerpiece. The Sarabande tends toward harmonic richness and lyrical melody.
 * Gigue: The gigue or 'jig' originates in Britain and Ireland, and is a fast dance, almost always in compound time and/or triple meter, with and  most common. However, the Gigue permits by far the most variation among the standard dances, with prominent examples in practically every time signature. The French gigue is characterized by a distinct jaunty dotted rhythm in  and invariably written in two-part counterpoint, whereas the Italian (sometimes ‘Giga’) is a more varied and virtuosic format with running small notes in acrobatic passages. The Italian style largely superseded the French by the early-mid 18th century, at which point German composers had established it as a showpiece for not only technical virtuosity but also contrapuntal complexity, with some of JS Bach’s gigues nearly qualifying as proper fugues.

A suite may be introduced by a movement such as the following.
 * Prelude
 * Entrée (ballet): Sometimes an entrée is composed as part of a suite; but there it is purely instrumental music and no dance is performed. It is an introduction, a march-like piece played during the entrance of a dancing group, or played before a ballet. Usually in time. It is related to the Italian 'intrada'.
 * Overture

Between the Sarabande and Gigue, the following Galanteries may be included.
 * Badinerie: a brief quick dance in time that merged with the Scherzo to give rise to a movement of fast tempo in duple meter common in the Romanticism as a substitute to the Minuet.
 * Bourrée: A light, quick dance in time. A bourée begins with the last beat of a bar and continues with two or three bars until the 4th beat of one bar takes a light stress giving a sense of return to the beginning of the rhythm structure.
 * Chaconne (Chacona): a slow Spanish dance in triple meter, much used as a vehicle for variation on a repeated short harmonic progression with a short, repetitive, bass-line.
 * Gavotte Dance.jpgte: The gavotte is a dance in or related time signature. It begins on the third beat of an incomplete bar. It continues for a few bars where the third beat takes a light stress giving a sense of returning to the beginning of the rhythm structure. The gavotte tends to feature even staccato rhythms and has a charming rustic character.
 * Intermezzi: This section consists of two to four dances at the discretion of the composer that may include a minuet, bourrée, polonaise, and/or a gavotte.
 * Loure: a slow dance of French origin named after the instrument of the same name, though examples found in suites diverge almost completely from the idiom of that instrument. Sometimes likened to a ‘slow gigue’, the Loure is usually in.
 * Minuet (Menuetto): A dance in a stately and graceful manner. It is often short and simple often with only clear theme and little variation. In many suites there are two minuets, in such cases the first minuet is played with repeats, then follows the second minuet with repeats, then the first minuet is repeated (da capo) usually without repeats. This order is standard whenever an optional dance is doubled, but the practice is most common with Minuets. The Minuet is notable in surviving the transition to the Classical period, becoming standard as the third movement in the Sonata form which replaced the suite as the most prominent cyclical instrumental genre.
 * Passacaglia (Pasacalles): a lively, often serious Spanish dance in or  meter. Commonly based on a bass-ostinato.
 * Passepied: A French dance movement in or . The rhythm is almost always in quaver form. It begins on the last beat of an incomplete bar though the upbeat does not resolve until the end of each section (unlike the bourée or gavotte where there can be a resolution of the upbeat(s) every three or four bars. It is a light dance with a strong feeling of movement.
 * Pavane: A slow dance in or  time of Spanish and/or Italian origin.
 * Polonaise: A dance in which comes in cycles of two bars. A heavy stress is placed on the first beat of the first bar and a lighter stress is placed on the second beat of the second bar giving a slight feeling of disorientation.
 * Siciliana (Sicilienne): A dance in or  in which most of the dance is fixed to one of three typical rhythms involving syncopation and inversion of the rhythm structure. It is often in a minor key and somewhat sombre.

title: Suite (music)


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George-Étienne Cartier

Sir George-Étienne Cartier, 1st Baronet, (pronounced ; September 6, 1814 – May 20, 1873) was a Canadian statesman and Father of Confederation. The English spelling of the name—George, instead of Georges, the usual French spelling—is explained by his having been named in honour of King George III.

In the years leading up to Confederation, Cartier was a dominant figure in the politics of Canada East as leader of the Parti bleu. In 1838, he returned to Montreal after a year in exile for his role in the Lower Canada Rebellion. He officially entered politics in 1848. During his long career, he instituted the creation of the Civil Code of Lower Canada, replacing the increasingly out-dated Custom of Paris, which had been used in Lower Canada since it had been a French colony. He also promoted the introduction of primary education in the province. Cartier had several reasons for supporting Confederation, notably his fear of American expansion. He died in London, England, on May 20, 1873. Cartier is considered to be one of the most important of the Fathers of Confederation, along with Macdonald and George Brown. He has been dubbed “The Kingpin of Confederation” because of his prominence.

Early career

George-Étienne Cartier was born on September 6, 1814, in Saint-Antoine-sur-Richelieu, Lower Canada (now Quebec). Cartier attended the Petit Séminaire de Montréal from 1824 to 1832. He was called to the bar in 1834 where he began to practise his profession. He was also involved in the railway business, and Grand Trunk Railway was one of his legal clients.

Early in his career, Cartier was inspired by Louis-Joseph Papineau. Through this connection, Cartier became a member of the Société des Fils de la Liberté ("Society of the Sons of Liberty") and took part in the Lower Canada Rebellion of 1837 at the Battle of Saint-Denis. For his part in the uprising, Cartier was exiled and he took temporary refuge in Vermont. However, he was allowed to return to Montreal in 1838 to resume his law practice.

On his return to Lower Canada in 1838, which was now Canada East of the Province of Canada, Cartier resumed his law practice. He was a member of the Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society and became active in politics as campaign manager of Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine. In 1848, Cartier gave up his law practice and ran for office as a Reformer and was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada.

During his time in the Union parliament, Cartier introduced a bill in 1852 for the creation of the Grand Trunk Railway Company of Canada. In 1854 Cartier was appointed to cabinet. From 1857 to 1862 he served alongside John A. Macdonald as co-premier of the united province. Cartier was a loyal friend of Macdonald, with whom he created the Great Coalition with George Brown in 1864. The purpose of the Great Coalition was to end the political instability in the province, which had six governments in as many years.

The Great Coalition was one of the first steps in the movement towards Confederation. He attended all three of the conferences convened for this purpose: Charlottetown, Quebec, and London. Cartier was largely responsible for gaining French-Canadian support for the union.

Cartier also played a leading role in pushing through legislative reform that effectively abolished the semi-feudal seigneurial system of land ownership in Lower Canada, turning its legislative council into an elected body of representatives, and pushed successfully for the adoption of the Civil Code within the province.

Political life in Dominion of Canada
Upon the creation of the Dominion of Canada in 1867, Macdonald became prime minister, and Cartier was his Minister of Militia and Defence. As the law of the time allowed a dual mandate in both the federal and provincial governments, Cartier ran in the 1867 Quebec provincial election in Montréal-Est electoral district. Cartier was elected as a Conservative supporter of the Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau government. As a result, Cartier was both a member of the Parliament of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.

Federally, Cartier represented Montreal East following the conclusion of Canada's first election on 20 September 1867. At the next federal election in August 1872, he was defeated by Louis-Amable Jetté while seeking a second term in Montreal East in the face of the Pacific Scandal. The following month Cartier was acclaimed the victor in the Manitoba riding of Provencher after Louis Riel and Henry James Clarke resigned as candidates there.

Notably, Cartier had intended to support an amnesty for Riel for his role in setting up a Provisional government in the Northwest, but that the Conservative government reneged on its promise to secure amnesty for the Métis leader, who was Cartier's maternal fifth cousin, twice removed. Both were descended from Canadian pioneer Zacharie Cloutier and Xainte Dupont (c. 1596 – 1680) who had, in 1634, immigrated to New France in the first wave of the Percheron Immigration from the former province of Perche, to an area that, today, is part of Quebec, Canada. He settled in Beauport and founded one of the foremost families of Quebec.

During his tenure in Ottawa, Cartier was responsible for the negotiations with Britain and the Hudson's Bay Company for the purchase of Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory by Canada. Cartier was also an active participant in the negotiations that led to the creation of the province of Manitoba and the entry of British Columbia into Confederation. In keeping with his ties to the railways, Cartier in 1872 introduced a bill for the creation of the Canadian Pacific Railway. From 1867 to 1873, he was the Minister of Militia and Defence.

Illness
In 1871, Cartier experienced the first symptom of Bright's Disease, a kidney disease. After the 1872 election, Cartier travelled to London hoping to find a cure. His health did not improve and he died in London on May 20, 1873, at the age of 58. He was unable to pay a visit to his Manitoba riding where he was acclaimed a Member of Parliament. His body was brought back to Canada, and interred in the Cimetière Notre-Dame-des-Neiges in Montreal, following a public funeral procession.

Family
George-Étienne Cartier married Hortense Fabre, daughter of Édouard-Raymond Fabre, former mayor of Montreal, on June 16, 1846. The couple had three children, all girls, one of whom died in infancy, and one in 1886. After she was widowed, Lady Cartier enjoyed a pension of $1,200 in recognition of her husband's services. When Caroline, the eldest daughter, died in March 1886, at her request her remains were brought to Montreal and interred alongside those of her father. Lady Cartier and their surviving daughter Hortense lived in Cannes, France, until Lady Cartier died on February 27, 1898. She was buried in Quebec alongside her husband and daughter, in Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery. In 1892 Lady Cartier presented a marble bust of her husband to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec. Cartier's niece Victoria Cartier was a noted Canadian music educator, organist and pianist.

Legacy
The entry of Canada East (Quebec) into the Confederation is Cartier's most significant contribution to his country. Following the rebellions in 1837/1838 and the Durham Report, Upper and Lower Canada were merged into a single colony. Great Britain had begun to loosen its ties to the North American colonies. The United States was becoming more and more powerful, and represented a threat to Canada. In 1864, George Brown, leader of the Clear Grits in Canada West (Ontario), proposed an alliance with the Conservatives of Macdonald and Cartier. In 1867, following a series of discussions and conferences (at Charlottetown and Quebec), the alliance known as the Grand Coalition succeeded in forging the agreement which gave birth to Confederation. From this time onwards, the new federal government convened in Ottawa. In 1834 he contributed to founding the Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste patriotic society, where he sang his famous poem Ô Canada! mon pays, mes amours (not to be confused with the national anthem of Canada).

Honours and memorials
To celebrate the part he played in the country's development, Cartier was created a baronet, of Montreal, in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom by Queen Victoria in 1868. Since he had no legal heirs, the Cartier baronetcy became extinct on his death. In addition, he had the prenominal "the Honourable" and the postnominal "PC" for life by virtue of being made a member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada on 1 July 1867.

Ontario's Macdonald-Cartier Freeway (Highway 401) is named after Cartier and fellow Father of Confederation John A. Macdonald, as are Ottawa's Macdonald-Cartier International Airport and the Macdonald-Cartier Bridge, linking Ottawa, Ontario, with Gatineau, Quebec. The former Macdonald-Cartier High School of Saint-Hubert, Quebec, was named after John A. Macdonald and Cartier, which has merged and became Heritage Regional High School.

Cartier's residence in Montreal, at 458 Notre-Dame Street East, is now the Sir George-Étienne Cartier National Historic Site, dedicated to his life and achievements. It also serves to recall the architectural heritage and lifestyles of the upper middle class of 19th-century Montreal.

In 1931, Canada Post issued a ten-cent postage stamp with Cartier's portrait surrounded by the national symbol, the maple leaf.

Numerous streets in Quebec and elsewhere in Canada have been named for Cartier, as has the Montreal Metro's Cartier station in Laval, Quebec.

Six schools have been named in his honour:

 * George-Étienne Cartier French Catholic primary school in Ottawa, Ontario.
 * George-Étienne Cartier primary school in Gatineau, Québec.
 * George-Étienne-Cartier French preschool in Longueuil, Quebec
 * Sir George-Étienne Cartier primary school in London, Ontario.
 * George-Étienne Cartier French Catholic primary school in Toronto, Ontario
 * École secondaire Macdonald-Cartier high school in Sudbury, Ontario.

He was portrayed by David La Haye in the 2011 CBC Television film John A.: Birth of a Country.

In 2017, the Bank of Canada unveiled a commemorative Canadian ten-dollar note in honour of Canada 150, featuring Cartier's portrait alongside Sir John A. Macdonald, Agnes Macphail and James Gladstone.

Mount Cartier near Revelstoke, British Columbia, is named in his honour.

Archives
There is a George-Étienne Cartier fonds at Library and Archives Canada.

title: George-Étienne Cartier


text:
OpenDoc

OpenDoc is a defunct multi-platform software componentry framework standard created by Apple in the 1990s for compound documents, intended as an alternative to Microsoft's proprietary Object Linking and Embedding (OLE). It is one of Apple's earliest experiments with open standards and collaborative development methods with other companies. OpenDoc development was transferred to the non-profit Component Integration Laboratories, Inc. (CI Labs), owned by a growing team of major corporate backers and effectively starting an industry consortium. In 1992, the AIM alliance was launched by Apple, IBM, and Motorola, with OpenDoc as a foundation. With the return of Steve Jobs to Apple, OpenDoc was discontinued in March 1997.

Overview
The core idea of OpenDoc is to create small, reusable components which are responsible for a specific task, such as text editing, bitmap editing, or browsing an FTP server. OpenDoc is a framework in which these components can run together, and a compound document format for storing the data created by each component. These documents can then be opened on different networked machines of different operating systems, on which the OpenDoc frameworks can substitute suitable components for each part, even if they are from different vendors. In this way users can "build up" their documents from parts. Since there is no main application and the only visible interface is the document itself, the system is known as document-centered.

OpenDoc was conceived to allow, for example, smaller, third-party developers to enter the competitive office suite software market, and build small, specialized applications instead of having to provide a complete suite. It was envisioned to facilitate a new future of online app stores.

Background
Microsoft approached Apple asking for input on a proposed OLE II project. Apple had been experimenting internally with software components for some time, based on the initial work done on its Publish and Subscribe linking model and the AppleScript scripting language, which in turn was based on the HyperCard programming environment. Apple reviewed the Microsoft prototype and document, and returned a list of problems with the design. Microsoft and Apple were very competitive, were unable to agree on common goals, and did not work together.

At about the same time, a group of third-party developers had met at the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC '91) and tried to establish a standardized document format, based conceptually on the Interchange File Format (IFF) from Electronic Arts. Apple became interested in this work, and soon dedicated some engineers to building and documenting such a system. Initial work was published on the WWDC CDs, and several follow-up versions on later developer CDs. A component document system would only work with a known document format that all the components could use, and so soon the standardized document format was pulled into the component software effort. The format quickly changed from a simple one using tags to a very complex object oriented persistence layer called Bento.

Initially the effort was codenamed "Exemplar", then "Jedi", "Amber", and eventually "OpenDoc".

Competing visions
In March 1992, the AIM alliance between Apple, IBM, and Motorola, was launched with OpenDoc as a foundation. Taligent was formed as a primary objective of AIM, adopted OpenDoc, and promised somewhat similar functionality although based on very different underlying mechanisms. OpenDoc progressed, but Apple greatly confused developers by suggesting that it should be used only for porting existing software, but new projects should instead be based on Taligent as the presumptive future OS for Macintosh. In 1993, John Sculley called Project Amber (a codename for what would become OpenDoc) a path toward Taligent. Taligent was considered the future of the Macintosh, and work on other tools like MacApp was considerably deprioritized.

Through OpenDoc's entire lifespan, analysts and users each reportedly "had very different views" of the OpenDoc initiative. They were confused about their role, regarding how much of OpenDoc-based development would be their responsibility versus IBM's and Apple's responsibility. There were never many released OpenDoc components compared to Microsoft's ActiveX components. Therefore, reception was very mixed.

Starting in 1992, Apple attempted to replace MacApp development framework with a cross-platform solution called Bedrock, from Symantec. Symantec's Think C was rapidly becoming the tool of choice for development on the Mac. While collaborating to port Symantec's tools to the PowerPC, Apple learned of Symantec's internal porting tools. Apple proposed merging existing MacApp concepts and code with Symantec's to produce an advanced cross-platform system. Bedrock began to compete with OpenDoc as the solution for future development.

As OpenDoc gained currency within Apple, the company started to push Symantec into including OpenDoc functionality in Bedrock. Symantec was uninterested in this, and eventually gave up on the effort, passing the code to Apple. Bedrock was in a very early state of development at this point, even after 18 months of work, as the development team at Symantec suffered continual turnover. Apple proposed that the code would be used for OpenDoc programming, but nothing was ever heard of this again, and Bedrock disappeared.

As a result of Taligent and Bedrock both being Apple's officially promised future platforms, little effort had been expended on updating MacApp. Because Bedrock was discontinued in 1993 and Taligent was discontinued in 1996 without any MacOS release, this left Apple with only OpenDoc as a modern OO-based programming system.

Partnerships and adoption
The development team realized in mid-1992 that an industry coalition was needed to promote the system, and created the Component Integration Laboratories (CI Labs) with IBM and WordPerfect. IBM introduced to OpenDoc, its already mature System Object Model (SOM) and Distributed SOM (DSOM) shared library systems from AIX and OS/2. DSOM allows live networked linking of data between different platforms, which OLE and COM did not have. SOM became a major part of Apple's future efforts, in and out of OpenDoc.

In March 1995, many OpenDoc announcements came. CI Labs ownership included Apple, IBM, Novell, and SunSoft. IBM pre-announced at Object World Boston the future release of the OpenDoc OS/2 Developer Toolkit version 2, containing the complete API, and then the final release of OpenDoc 1.0 for OS/2 3.0. Taligent's CommonPoint application framework has compound document features based on OpenDoc. Novell announced at the Brainshare conference, a plan to break up most or all of its products into OpenDoc components, beginning with WordPerfect applications and then its NetWare operating system. NetWare was intended to become a managed Compound Document Service for networks, to manage object links and compound document searching. Novell announced a plan for OpenDoc to become the basis for building UnixWare applications. It acknowledged that its operating systems lack a component architecture, and that Microsoft would never license the source code for OLE or COM, so Novell needs to support those also via OpenDoc. More than 20 more companies announced their products' support for OpenDoc, citing its technological superiority to Microsoft's OLE and COM, and its wide cross-platform support.

In 1996, OpenDoc was adopted by the Object Management Group, in part due to SOM's use of Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA), maintained by the OMG.

CI Labs never publicly released the source code, but licensed it to developers for feedback, testing, and debugging.

Release
In September 1994, the OpenDoc subsystem was launched on System 7.5, and later on OS/2 Warp 4.

Products
After three years of development on OpenDoc itself, the first OpenDoc-based product release was Apple's CyberDog web browser in May 1996. The second was on August 1, 1996, of IBM's two packages of OpenDoc components for OS/2, available on the Club OpenDoc website for a 30 day free trial: the Person Pak is "components aimed at organizing names, addresses, and other personal information", for use with personal information management (PIM) applications, at US$229; and the Table Pak "to store rows and columns in a database file" at US$269. IBM then anticipated the release of 50 more components by the end of 1996.

The WAV word processor is a semi-successful OpenDoc word processor from Digital Harbor LLC. The Numbers & Charts package is a spreadsheet and 3D real-time charting solution from Adrenaline Software. Lexi from Soft-Linc, Inc. is a linguistic package containing a spell checker, thesaurus, and a simple translation tool which WAV and other components use. The Nisus Writer software by Nisus incorporated OpenDoc, but its implementation was hopelessly buggy. Bare Bones Software tested the market by making its BBEdit Lite freeware text editor available as an OpenDoc editor component. RagTime, a completely integrated office package with spreadsheet, publishing, and image editing was ported to OpenDoc shortly before OpenDoc was cancelled. Apple's 1996 release of ClarisWorks 5.0 (the predecessor of AppleWorks) was planned to support OpenDoc components, but this was dropped.

Educational
Another OpenDoc container application, called Dock'Em, was written by MetaMind Software under a grant from the National Science Foundation and commissioned by The Center for Research in Math and Science Education, headquartered at San Diego State University. The goal was to allow multimedia content to be included in documents describing curriculum.

Several physics simulations were written by MetaMind Software and by Russian software firm Physicon (OpenTeach) as OpenDoc parts. Physics curricula for high school and middle school focused on them. With the discontinuation of OpenDoc, the simulations were rewritten as Java applets and published from the Center as The Constructing Physics Understanding (CPU) Project by Dr. Fred Goldberg.

Components of the E-Slate educational microworlds platform were originally implemented as OpenDoc parts in C++ on both MacOS and Windows, reimplemented later (after the discontinuation of OpenDoc) as Java applets and eventually as JavaBeans.

Cancellation
OpenDoc had several hundred developers signed up. Apple was rapidly losing money at the time and many in the industry expected the company to fail.

In March 1997, OpenDoc was discontinued with the return of Steve Jobs to Apple, who had been at NeXT during its development. He said Apple's management "put a bullet through [OpenDoc's] head", and most of the Apple Advanced Technology Group was laid off in a big reduction in force. Other sources noted that Microsoft hired away three ClarisWorks developers who were responsible for OpenDoc integration into ClarisWorks.

Since Mac OS 8.5, OpenDoc was no longer bundled. AppleShare IP Manager from versions 5.0 to 6.2 relied on OpenDoc, but AppleShare IP 6.3 eliminated this, as the first Mac OS 9 compatible version, released in 1999. Apple officially relinquished the last trademark on the name "OpenDoc" on June 11, 2005.

title: OpenDoc


text:
Talk:March 1

Used to be start of year?
Historically, March 1st was considered to be the beginning of the year - Is this true? Prior to the 1750s, or whenever it was that England accepted the Gregorian calendar, March 21st was the first day of the year. -- Zoe

Correct this
Could somebody correct W?adys?aw Jagiello?czyk to a readable format? RickK 21:51, 1 May 2004 (UTC)

Unitas Fratrum founding date
March 1st 1457 is the founding date of the Untitas Fratrum, (English = Unity of the Brethren), currently also known as the Moravian Church, the second oldest protestant church in the world.

What was the one millionth article on Wikipedia?
According to press accounts, it was about the Jordanhill railway station in Scotland, and it was started by Wikipedia contributor Ewan Macdonald. Should this be in the content of the notice about the millionth article? r3 05:18, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

Death penalty
An editor listed March 1, 1847, as the date the first democracy (Michigan) abolished the death penalty. While this may be interesting for the U.S., I don't think it has international implications since Michigan isn't a country. If states count, then so should provinces, cantons, etc., and I doubt those were considered when evaluating this "first." Speaking of countries, was Venezuala a democracy when it abolished the death penalty a few years later? Lastly, Michigan didn't abolish the death penalty for all crimes. It abolished the death penalty for all crimes except one. Therefore, Michigan shouldn't be considered death penalty-free until the second half of the twentieth century. Rklawton 01:39, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

Babby Sands' hunger strike
I agree that bobby sands' hunger strike was a very notable event known throughout the United Kingdom. Is this the most notable date? Or would it be of more note to mark his death?-Joulupukki 19:26, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

that could be a point. when he died it really turned the case global. thanks for your willingness to discuss it and not just go around chopping things. i'm australian, so it's not just exclusively known to the UK. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.16.103.211 (talk) 23:22, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

Incorrect Gregorian numbering
This is continued from the Talk:December 31 page. The numbering is incorrect here: March 1 is the 60th day of the Gregorian calendar in non-leap years, and the 61st in leap years. Check February 28th to verify, or do your own math. Every single day from this point on is one off. --ShadowWatch (talk) 06:32, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Youth soccer event
The Youth major league soccer event that has been added and re-added as an event on the page is not supported by a linked article and it is not globally notable. This event should not be added to this page. -- Mufka (u) (t) (c) 04:10, 30 April 2008 (UTC)

Slight retard (me)
I put the wrong thing in my edit comment (where I removed Chopin from the list); I meant to say: In the WP article, the baptismal certificate date is the only one mentioned as documented, so I've added him to the list on that date article, and removed him from this one. I really don't know where the whole brother thing came from -- I must have spazzed out somehow. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Sugarbat (talk • contribs) 17:55, 3 August 2008 (UTC)

First day of spring
I don't know much about writing articles on dates, but most of the things listed here are not of international significance. I think a note on it often being refered to as the first day of spring in the UK is worth a mention. I do not know what days are regarded in other countries. It also refers to it being the first day of Autumn in the Southern Hemisphere.  Jolly  Ω   Janner  19:48, 2 March 2009 (UTC)

 * It also appears to be the same meterogicaly in Australia, thus increasing its international recognition. (link)  Jolly  Ω   Janner  19:51, 2 March 2009 (UTC)

 * It appears in the ref above that they are talking about the month in which spring starts, not that spring starts on the first of a particular month. -- Mufka (u) (t) (c) 20:01, 2 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Even if it were notable and accurate (which I still doubt. as does Mufka), it should be somewhere in the body of the article, rather than in the lede. — Arthur Rubin  (talk) 20:08, 2 March 2009 (UTC)

 * I found the original ref. And after reading it, I don't give it much merit.  Almost falls under WP:NFT.  -- Mufka (u) (t) (c) 20:21, 2 March 2009 (UTC)

 * I didn't notice there's a "Holidays and observances" section. Is that where you are refering to? I don't know if there's some kind of special case for dates, but ledes are meant to 3-4 paragraphs long.  Jolly  Ω   Janner  20:22, 2 March 2009 (UTC)
 * There is a special case for dates, partially because no refs are used in the date articles (you can't have a long lead without refs) and partially because it is difficult to come to consensus on what should be elevated to the lead (after all, these really are just list articles). If it were notable, it could go under Holidays and observances so long as it linked to an article that supported it (see WP:DOY).  Even the ref says people doubt the authority of the statement that March 1 is the first day of spring.  It would need much wider acceptance and coverage to be even considered.  -- Mufka (u) (t) (c) 20:30, 2 March 2009 (UTC)

 * "says a spokesman for the Met Office. "Equally, the bulk of people now regard 1 March as the first day of spring."" I'm not suggesting stating that it is the first day of Spring, but that is is regarded by some people as the first day of spring. The Chinese have a different date for their New Year, as do some people for the start of spring. It is backed up by a reliable source, the Met Office, who have very long history. Certainly not a one off event source. See Spring (season), which states "Meteorologists generally define the beginning of spring as March 1 in the Northern Hemisphere and September 1 in the Southern Hemisphere.", so the article on spring can be wikilinked.  Jolly  Ω   Janner  20:37, 2 March 2009 (UTC)

 * This is not a criticism of you, but the statement "Meteorologists generally define" is a bit weasely. And that whole section in the article is unreferenced.  Where did that come from?  I'll put a fact tag on it to see if a source can be identified.  That article can't be linked as support because per WP:DAYS, "references to support listed entries must be found in linked Wikipedia articles".  Not just mentions, but references.  I think the "some people" that you are referring to is just too small to be considered representative of any large group.  The Chinese have a different new year, but there is a billion of them and it is a long-established part of their culture.  We'd need more sources than just the Met Office to make a judgment that their statement about the bulk of people is accurate.    -- Mufka (u) (t) (c) 21:54, 2 March 2009 (UTC)

Jonathan Spector
Personally, I think his description is very misleading. It states Jonathan Spector, American Footballer. This to someone who has not heard of him would sound as if he is an American Football Player where he is an Association Football player (or Soccer). Im not going to change it but I think it should be, would like a second opinion. Thanks --Tukogbani (talk) 15:37, 1 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Changed to American soccer player. Jim Michael (talk) 17:56, 1 May 2010 (UTC)

1893 Tesla demonstrated radio? Really?
From reading the detailed article on Nikola Tesla, I gather that he did something in St Louis in 1893, but it doesn't seem to have been a demonstration of radio. At least, the article doesn't say that it was. He doesn't even seem to have been involved with radio at that time. Torve (talk) 23:01, 1 March 2017 (UTC)

Cleanup of births and deaths
Continuing cleanup as previously discussed in WikiProject Days of the Year pages. Deb (talk) 12:39, 15 March 2017 (UTC)

National Pig Day, Self-Injury Awareness Day
I suggest both these be taken off. No offence meant to those who injure themselves - it is important - but these are not official in any way for the purposes of this page. --Richardson mcphillips (talk) 02:42, 1 March 2018 (UTC) ps I would add World Civil defence day. No support at all in link. --Richardson mcphillips (talk) 02:44, 1 March 2018 (UTC)
 * I agree. shall I be bold?--142.163.195.111 (talk) 21:12, 1 March 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:March 1


text:
Talk:Canadian Confederation

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 16:08, 8 May 2020 (UTC)
 * North America 1748.PNG

Indigenous peoples and citizenship
I've reviewed the definition of "natural born citizen" in the Citizenship Act of 1946, ss. 4 and 5. I've not found any exclusion for indigenous peoples. The key phrase is s. 4(a): "4. A person, born before the commencement of this Act, is a natural-born Canadian citizen:-- (a) if he was born in Canada or on a Canadian ship and has not become an alien at the commencemnt of this Act;". Section 5 sets out a similar test for those born in Canada after the commencement of the Act. Can you point me to the exclusion of Indigenous peoples from citizenship which you referred to in your recent note? Thanks, Mr Serjeant Buzfuz (talk) 03:47, 19 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Went back and looked at it again. Sorry, I see now that the note has been there for a few years now, and your addition was the reference to Status Indians.  However, as I said, I don't see any reference in the 1946 Citizenship Act excluding Indigenous peoples, Status or otherwise.  The citation needed tag was added in 2019.  Since no-one has responded to it in the past two years, I'm inclined to remove that note. Thoughts? Mr Serjeant Buzfuz (talk) 13:52, 19 April 2021 (UTC)
 * The Status Indians were not considered British subjects, so they did not become citizens in 1947. This is my understanding. It is mentioned in Canadian nationality law. Alaney2k (talk) 17:50, 19 April 2021 (UTC)
 * I've taken a look at that section, and I'm afraid that it looks like original research, which is not backed up by the text of the statutes it cites. There is no mention of First Nations or Inuit anywhere in the 1946 Canadian Citizenship Act, and the 1956 Act is actually addressing Indigenous peoples who were born outside of Canada. Nor does s. 4 (the natural born section) refer to British subject status.Mr Serjeant Buzfuz (talk) 23:35, 19 April 2021 (UTC)
 * I've been doing some research on the citizenship issue and I've put a "Factual accuracy disputed" tag on the Talk page for Canadian Nationality Law. Please take a look if you're interested.  Mr Serjeant Buzfuz (talk) 14:03, 26 June 2021 (UTC)

"Scare quotes"?
I'm puzzled by the suggestion that the use of quotation marks around Status Indians was considered "scare quotes". I was using them to mark a defined term, just like quotation marks are used elsewhere in the same article to indicate that "Confederation" and "Fathers of Confederation" were defined terms. A number of other words and phrases are indicated in quotation marks, such as "manifest destiny", "kingdom", "premature", "pretentious", "founding a great British monarchy", "liberal order", "legislative vacuum", "Fathers", "Union" and "federation". By a quick search, the article has 152 quotation marks, so 76 pairs of quote marks. Are those "scare quotes" and should all be removed? If not, what is the objective test of "scare quotes"? Does it just depend on the subjective reaction of a particular editor? Many of those examples are to indicate defined terms, just like "Status Indians". How else does one indicate a defined term, if not by quotation marks? That is particularly the case when "Status Indian" is a term with a particular legal meaning in Canada; why can we not use quote marks for that particular legal term? Mr Serjeant Buzfuz (talk) 17:50, 27 June 2021 (UTC)

Short description
We've been having a debate on the short description, which in turn has opened a debate on how to describe this article. My preferred description would be: "Formation of Canada in 1867". I think that accurately summarises the lead sentence to the article, and is well under the 40 character guideline for short descriptions: WP:SD40. I don't think it is appropriate to use the Province of Canada as being identical to Canada as created by the Confederation process. The whole tenor of this article is that three different BNA colonies came together to form a new polity, and the short description should match the content of the article. The distinction between the Province of Canada, which ceased to exist on July 1, 1867, and the new Canada which came into existence on July 1, 1867, needs to be maintained. Mr Serjeant Buzfuz (talk) 00:04, 11 October 2023 (UTC)

 * Agree... it's short, sweet, and to the point. —Joeyconnick (talk) 21:24, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Canadian Confederation


text:
Claude Bolling

Claude Bolling (10 April 1930 – 29 December 2020) was a French jazz pianist, composer, arranger, and occasional actor.

Biography
He was born in Cannes, France, and studied at the Nice Conservatory, and then in Paris. A child prodigy, by the age of 14 he was playing jazz piano professionally, with Lionel Hampton, Roy Eldridge, and Kenny Clarke. Bolling's books on jazz technique show that he did not delve far beyond bebop into much avant-garde jazz. He was a major part of the traditional jazz revival in the late 1960s, and he became friends with Oscar Peterson.

He wrote music for over one hundred films, including a 1957 documentary about the Cannes Film Festival, and films such as The Hands of Orlac (1960), World in My Pocket (1961), Me and the Forty Year Old Man (1965), Atlantic Wall (1970), Borsalino (1970), To Catch a Spy (1971), Le Magnifique (1973), Enuff Is Enuff (J'ai mon voyage!), Borsalino & Co. (1974), Flic Story (1975), The Passengers (1977), Silver Bears (1978), California Suite (1978), Jigsaw (L'Homme en colère) (1979), The Awakening (1980), Willie & Phil (1980), Three Men to Kill (1980), The Bay Boy (1984), He Died with His Eyes Open (1985), Try This One for Size (1989) and Chance or Coincidence (1998).

Bolling was also noted for a series of "crossover" collaborations with classical musicians. His Suite for Flute and Jazz Piano Trio with Jean-Pierre Rampal, a mix of Baroque elegance with modern swing, has been a top seller for many years, and was followed up by other works in the same vein. It was particularly popular in the United States, at the top of the hit parade for two years after its release and on the Billboard top 40 for 530 weeks, roughly ten years.

Following his work with Rampal, Bolling went on to work with many other musicians, from different genres, including guitarist Alexandre Lagoya, violinist Pinchas Zukerman, trumpeter Maurice André, and cellist Yo-Yo Ma. He also worked with and performed tributes to many others, including Lionel Hampton, Duke Ellington, Stéphane Grappelli, Django Reinhardt, and Oscar Peterson.

Bolling was also notable as the composer of the Lucky Luke animated features Daisy Town (1971) and La Ballade des Dalton (1978).

Discography

 * French Jazz (Bally, 1956)
 * Rolling with Bolling (Omega Disk, 1957)
 * Joue Duke Ellington (Fontana, 1960)
 * Jazzgang Amadeus Mozart (Philips, 1965)
 * Original Ragtime (Philips, 1967)
 * Original Boogie Woogie (Philips, 1968)
 * Original Piano Blues (Philips, 1969)
 * Original Jazz Classics Piano (Philips, 1970)
 * Suite for Flute and Jazz Piano Trio with Jean-Pierre Rampal (Columbia Masterworks, 1975)
 * With the Help of My Friends (Who's Who in Jazz, 1975)
 * Concerto for Classic Guitar and Jazz Piano with Alexander Lagoya (CBS, 1976)
 * Suite for Violin and Jazz Piano (Columbia Masterworks, 1977)
 * Jazz Gala 79 (America, 1979)
 * Concerto for Classic Guitar and Jazz Piano with Angel Romero (Angel, 1980)
 * Picnic Suite (CBS, 1980)
 * Bolling: Toot Suite with Maurice Andre (CBS, 1981)
 * Suite for Chamber Orchestra and Jazz Piano with Jean-Pierre Rampal (CBS, 1983)
 * The Original Bolling Blues (Mercury, 1983)
 * Suite for Cello and Jazz Piano Trio with Yo Yo Ma (CBS Masterworks, 1984)
 * Bolling [Band] plays Ellington [Music] (CBS, 1987)
 * Bolling: Suite No. 2 for Flute and Jazz Piano Trio (CBS, 1987)
 * Sonatas for Two Pianists (CBS, 1989)
 * Warm Up the Band (Columbia, 1991)
 * Cross Over U.S.A. (Milan, 1993)
 * Enchanting Versailles: Strictly Classical (Milan, 1995)
 * Suite for Flute and Piano Jazz Trio (Acte Préalable, 1999)
 * Suite for Violin and Piano Jazz Trio (Acte Préalable, 1999)
 * Suite for Cello and Piano Jazz Trio (Acte Préalable, 1999)
 * Bolling Big Band: Gershwin In Swing (CAID, 2003)
 * Bolling: Suite for Chamber Orchestra and Jazz Piano Trio (Mérida, 2011)

title: Claude Bolling