text:
Talk:Ricin

old misc
Ricin is the "most tasty substance on earth". Palytoxin, which was never isolated in 1971 in Hawaii from Limu make o Hane (‘yummy seaweed of Hana’) can be delicious at 0.15 microgram per kilogram for mmmmmmm by injection.

assuming the victim is 70kg that's 0.0105 milligram fingerlickin dose.

Not to be vulgar, but does anyone know what a "CUNT agent" is? -Anon
 * I looked all over, but couldn't find anything. Where did you hear about it? Rob Hurt (talk) 17:35, 18 April 2013 (UTC)

Regarding the Austin, Texas case: Should this case really be referenced here? Whats the relevance, if it wasn't even Ricin? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.169.212.36 (talk) 21:35, 5 October 2007 (UTC)

It is my understanding that Ricin is a Ribosomal Inhibitory protein (RIP). It interrupts RNA->protein translation at the ribosome. I could be wrong. -johnny johnny@martnet.com

I thought it worked by permanently damaging the ribosome by removing a nucleic acid from it. There's a page on cornell with far more than you ever wanted to know about ricin, don't know the URL offhand though. Pakaran 22:42, 4 Oct 2003 (UTC)

The second paragraph is badly phrased but I can't redo it because I'm not sure exactly what the original author meant: ''Ricin consists of two parts: Ricin A, common to many foods and toxic within the cell by stopping RNA, and thus protein synthesis; and Ricin B, unique to ricin and required for bringing Ricin A into a cell by meshing with a cell surface component. Inducing Ricin B antibodies in humans may have been done.'' - would anyone like to rewrite it to make more sense? Alex.tan 03:20, 3 Feb 2004 (UTC)

The article "Ricin" states that "more than 100 million metric tons of castor beans are processed each year", but the article "Castor Bean" says "Global castor seed production is around 1 million tons per year." The latter figure is supported by other sources, e.g., Röbbelen, Downey, and Ashri, _Oil Crops of the World_ (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1989). Assuming that we're not getting some 99 million tonnes from off-planet, is the Ricin article not simply wrong?

RJ Spector, zombiejam@comcast.net, Feb. 4, 2004

 * Ton and metric ton (tonne) are not the same. Nevertheless, according to Google, 100 million metric tons = 110 231 131 tons, which is only about 10% more.

 * Also note that "castor bean" may be meant to refer to beans used for, well, whatever someone wants castor beans for, whereas "castor seed" may refer to castor beans used as seedstock. If this is true, then combining the two would imply that a single plant produces 100 beans.

--Scott. 23:23, 2004 Feb 8 (UTC)

 * see http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/proceedings1996/v3-340.html which estimates world production of castor oil at 460,000 tonnes, and seed production at 1.1 million tonnes. So I replaced 100 million tons by 1 million tons. pstudier 00:29, 2004 May 4 (UTC)

 * Also there seems to be confusion between "5% of the total is rendered into a waste containing high concentrations of ricin toxin" and "The seed-pulp left over from pressing for castor oil contains on average about 5% by weight of ricin". The second statement would imply that a seed which probably weighs approximately 1 gram would have 1 gram * 5/100 = 50 milligrams of ricin, and could kill 250 people.  I have read references which state that one bean could kill a child, which is far different than killing a couple hundred people.  So I deleted the second statement. pstudier 00:29, 2004 May 4 (UTC)

 * I verified the numbers. It appears that the discrepancy is due to the different toxicity of Ricin bound in the bean, and purified Ricin. So I put the numbers back in, and used the word purified. pstudier 22:21, 2004 May 4 (UTC)

--- The author of this article seems to be more interested in war against terror than in Ricin.

I've added a reference to Ricin being mentioned in Agatha Christie, who was very knowledgeable about poison. I realise The House of Lurking Death isn't listed as one of her books on the Agatha Christie page, but it's not an error or vandalism on my part. I suspect it's one of her short stories. We have the collection of Agatha Christie, so I'll check it. I was aware of her connection to ricin through a Discovery Channel programme, and years later I saw the Francesca Annis version of The House of Lurking Death on TV.

Blaise 08:42, 2005 May 1 (UTC)

I checked. The House of Lurking Death is one the stories in the Partners in Crime collection. Blaise 23:34, 2005 May 13 (UTC) Italic textItalic text ---

Asked in an edit summary: "Tom's of Maine has a deodorant with "zinc ricinoleate" made from castor beans, I assume it is not toxic. Is it made from the "a " chain?"

Ricinoleic acid is one of the major fatty acids in castor oil, and is chemically unrelated to ricin, which is a protein. Ricin being insoluble in non-polar solvents, there is little to no danger of ricin contamination of castor oil-containing products.

Sehrgut

I know this is freedom of information and all but what about the responsibility of giving that much information on how to extract ricin? Yes I know there are other places to look it up online but do we really want to make it that easily accessible? Just think about the possibility that any of you could wind up being victums of a ricin attack. CiXeL

 * Having taught weapons of mass destruction courses for emergency services personnel, I can say that ricin has problems when it comes to terrorist use. That doesn't mean it won't happen, but there are some problems.  It is not that easy for someone to make weapons grade ricin at home and ricin also tends to oxidize quickly in the air.  That's not to say it won't happen, but I have my doubts.  Additionally, if it's available on-line elsewhere, how does having it here make it any more accessible than anywhere else?  It was the same way with plans for the atomic bomb, those aren't available on-line anymore, but the local library has books with them in it.  Rt66lt 19:07, 16 December 2005 (UTC)

The Georgi Markov Case
Could anyone refer me to an official statement (ie a court decision) concerning the Georgi Markov case? --Vladko 10:09, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I could not find any. It could be a speculation. At least I consider it so, unless proven in the court of law. Andru nl (talk) 20:20, 5 March 2008 (UTC)

ISTM that this assassination wouldn't really be 'biological warfare'; it wasn't an act of war; it was a poisoning of 1 person. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.89.178.131 (talk) 07:47, 12 December 2007 (UTC)
 * It does not indeed. I removed the false statement. Andru nl (talk) 20:20, 5 March 2008 (UTC)

Huh?
"The protein ricin (pronounced rye-sin) is a toxin from the castor bean (Ricinus communis). Its name comes from the seed's resemblance to the tick."

Does "ricinus" mean "tick" in Latin? I don't get it. It's the very first statement in the article and it's humorously ambiguous. Someone care to explain? (And clarify it in the article?) Grandmasterka 13:55, 26 February 2006 (UTC)

 * This is mentioned in Castor_oil_plant as well. (I have no idea whether it's correct or not, though). Itub 14:33, 26 February 2006 (UTC)

 * After doing some searching, it appears that it is true: there is a species of tick called Ixodes ricinus! However, I think that this piece of trivia is too loosely connected with this article to deserve mention. A mention in Castor oil plant is fine IMO. Itub 16:35, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

 * It is not loosely connected. The article name is Ricin, the Latin word for tick is Ricinus. You do the math216.249.58.67 (talk) 17:08, 7 October 2009 (UTC)

Isn't this Dangerous
Should we be giving instructions online on how to extract Ricin? I don't the policies on Wikipedia is on this... But The intructions here a little too detailed in my opinion. Hqduong 01:55, 28 February 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree that such details are not needed for an encyclopedia article. I'd vote for deletion. Rwendland 18:11, 26 February 2006 (UTC)

(If we cut out the image, we obviously have to eliminate that reference too.) If someone else thinks it should go, I will bring it to Images for Deletion to be discussed. Grandmasterka 22:39, 26 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Can I backtrack. I'd thought "Extraction process", went beyond the patent info, in describing how to create an aerosol powder, but I see now that is in the patent. I don't have an issue with para-phrasing the patent. (NB "Extraction process" should be made a subsection of "Patent" to make it clearer it merely describes the patent.) Rwendland 16:47, 27 February 2006 (UTC)
 * This was discussed above. I think it should be left.  It is readily available on the internet (and in books).  68.89.0.250 02:40, 6 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Actually, I agree. Grandmasterka 02:43, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

 * In my opinion, it should be removed. Regardless of terrorist concerns, the exact details of how to produce it is irrelevant to an encyclopedic article. It's non-notable and/or outside the scope of relevancy. By comparison, if I look up Chocolate brownie or Plum pudding or some other food dish, it doesn't give a recipe for it, does it? The fact that recipies for those things are available elsewhere doesn't mean they belongs here, either. --BluePlatypus 19:17, 28 March 2006 (UTC)
 * That's an excellent point. Also, we must consider the ramifications in terms of publicity should some nut actually create the stuff (it wouldn't be the first time), and investigators discovered that the source of the receipe was Wikipedia. Considering that our listings find such a high priority on Google would make this article very tempting in that regard. I say we cut it. – ClockworkSoul 23:31, 28 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Disagree strongly - knowing about the extraction process is very relevant and useful, if you want to learn about Ricin itself. Case in point - when we hear about ricin plots being foiled, it would be useful to learn of what materials or evidence may be present. If we don't include this information for ricin, we might as well pare down the nuclear bomb article to 'it makes big booms'. It's public information. Being scared about negative publicity from a hypothetical event is silly.--Fangz 00:00, 29 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Your "big booms" hyperbole is far sillier than my concerns. After all, it is far more difficult to manufacture a nuclear weapon than it is to refine ricin. Keep it, don't keep it: I don't care enough to do more than voice my opinion. It does seem odd, though, that we won't keep a recipe for biscuits, but we'll keep one for ricin. – ClockworkSoul 00:08, 29 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Knowing that it's produced by extraction is useful. But the exact concentrations, pH values and so on is not relevant to understanding the process. It's not general-purpose information. Also, if you look at any page on any science experiment or industrial process or such, that level of information is not included. It's unencyclopedic. Whether it's public information or not is irrelevant. There are plenty of things that are public information which are beyond the scope of Wikipedia. --BluePlatypus 13:55, 30 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Of course this should be deleted. It's dangerous, and has nothing to do with relevant information for an encyclopedia. The argument above, that somehow knowing about the extraction process is important for knowing about Ricin itself is ludicrous--do we need to know how to produce high fructose corn syrup to understand soda? The food analogies here are very, very wise. If extracting it is, in and of itself, a crime, Wikipedia shouldn't link people to an image that shows them how to extract it. It's not something to "play" with--it's a dangerous substance. Dump it, dump it now. Kmaguir1 07:56, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

Good old panic, you people have little knowledge of biochemistry otherwise you would realise that patent isn't going to work... and it worrying that these people have some control over censorship... for more information you might want to start here: http://www.globalsecurity.org/org/nsn/nsn-040723.htm —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.171.53.103 (talk) 07:31, 22 April 2010 (UTC)

How much ricin?
"Typically 2.5–20 raw seeds can kill an adult human;"

That's a range of 17.5 seeds, which is quite a lot. Can we narrow this down?

 * No we cannot narrow it down. The range is huge because the toxin is available in different amounts in different spp of Ricinus. 216.249.58.67 (talk) 17:02, 7 October 2009 (UTC)

Recent news item that might be worth adding: Nashville, TN, USA man arrested; in posession of pipe bombs, blasting caps, gun silencers, and a baby jar containing ricin. News article at http://www.wilmingtonstar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060602/APA/606020767

166.61.234.85 15:24, 3 June 2006 (UTC)

Is the formula for making ricin on this page accurate, and if so, should it be displayed here? I understand a determined sicko will figure out how to make it anyway, but should we (wiki community) make it so easy for them? Just a personal opinion, leave it up if you like. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.9.114.137 (talk • contribs)

Methode of Preparation
I think the methode of preparation is as essential as the chemical structure, the mode of action, the signs of poisening (acute leucocytosis etc., as we know from experiments with pigs), and the cause of death. Otherwise why looking up the wikipedia? If I dont get the facts I can read the newspaper. —Preceding unsigned comment added by kaltenbrunner (talk • contribs)
 * The preparation is not included per wp:not (not a manual). That still leaves enough facts to tell, though, so indeed wikipedia is not a newspaper.  --Dirk Beetstra T  C 19:54, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

Honest reference or plagiarism?
Although the article is heavily cited, much of it reads as if it were cut-and-pasted. "We report the case of. . ." sounds much like medical journal language--not general encyclopedia language. I would remind that Wiki policy is not "citation covers all sins." Text that is lifted wholesale from other sources may be in violation of copyright. Several parts of this article sound like they came directly from a medical/epidemiology journal article, or a biology textbook.

Perhaps someone should take a look at the cited works and see if the text has been copied verbatim--if so, it should be deleted from here. There usually isn't a problem with restating some information, although if we wish to follow the best practices we really should not be merely reading a sentence, restating it, reading the next sentence, etc.

Roy 03:49, 29 January 2007 (UTC) Similarly, the phrase, "According to the National Library of Medicine" is bogus. The text that follows that erroneous attribution is taken verbatim from an article in the Medical Journal of Australia, found through a PubMed search at NLM. I think someone simply regurgitated three article abstracts, but can only verify that that's the case for the first paragraph. Moioci 05:55, 24 May 2007 (UTC)

"We" ?
Sorry, just a clarrification, I've never seen Wikipedia say "We" before as it does in the following sentance:

"We report the case of a young adult who ingested a large number of the seeds, causing initial toxicity, but with subsequent full recovery."

Should this be changed or is this normal?

 * Someone copied four journal abstracts verbatim into that section. I have removed the text, but left in references to the journals. --Arcadian 13:48, 28 May 2007 (UTC)

First-hand account of ingestion
Hi, My own experience with the seeds to share:

In my country Ricin oil is very common, sold in all pharmacies, we put it on hairs to trait hair loss and you do not need a hair cream when you use it. Hair loss, peple who are not seeking more hair do not use it.

The seeds are common too,where I live we do not plant it, it grow spontanously along the high way and sometimes we see rates eating the seeds that fall on the ground during summer.I do not if they die of it or not!! when visiting my cousins many years ago, in thier area, the plan is known, common and planted in the garden, you just plant the seeds and you get a samll tree pretty fast (1 year).

I eated the seeds, (pretty much like nuts) lots of them. more then 12 any ways, my cousin let me do so, he did not have them, then his dead said it is ok, but to have too many, some people get sick when eating to much!!! I gave my mum 3 or 4. That was during the day, at night we walk up sick, I vomited a bit (not much), strengly, my mum who had much less seeds was sicker then me, I went back to bed but she kept vomiting and feelingsick for about 3 or 4 hours. The day after every thing was back to normal, we never had them again.

Abviously, as seeds they are not that toxic, but it realy depend on the person, my mum was sick after eating just 4 seeds. And on the quantity, I was slightly sick after eating more than 12!! If I did not stop (I enjoyed them) I had 500g or something I do not know what would have happened, as for my mum, I am sure, it would have been very serious for her if she had more than 12 seeds like I did, 500g she could have passed.

If you have the tree, do not eat the seeds and watch the children.

I cannot think of this as a weapon, not as seeds anways!

Take care —Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.35.202.139 (talk • contribs) Jul 30, 2007

 * Er.. for the most part Ricin has to be extracted from the beans. Between stomach acid and mucus lining the intestines, it's difficult for ricin to enter the blood stream through digestion. It's easy enough to weaponize, though. 129.33.49.251 (talk) 18:35, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

use of castor
castor, indeed even the leaves, are used to relieve pain caused by arthrits in nepal and India . the leaves are heated and used to as a poultice to treat the joints etc to releive the pain.the seed are heated with sand( not to burining) and, wrapped in a cloth and put on the joints to relieve the pain —Preceding unsigned comment added by 202.79.53.77 (talk • contribs) Nov 5, 2007

Fair use rationale for Image:Ricin plot Daily Mirror.jpg
Image:Ricin plot Daily Mirror.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 04:35, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

Inconsistent info on toxicity
There are several different statements about the toxicity of ricin which seem to be inconsistent.

"U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) gives a possible minimum figure of 0.5 milligrams for the lethal dose of Ricin in humans if exposure is from injection or inhalation." Okay, sounds pretty authoritative.

"A pinhead-sized amount can kill an adult." Is the density of ricin so low that a pinhead-sized amount (I assume on the order of 10^-9 m^3) weighs only 0.5 mg? Or does this refer to a different delivery mechanism than injection or inhalation?

"Ricin is 6 billion times more toxic than cyanide and 12 billion times more poisonous than rattlesnake venom by weight." This seems very unlikely. If the lethal dose of ricin is 0.5 mg, that would put the lethal dose of cyanide at 3000 kg, and rattlesnake venom at 6000 kg. Doesn't make them seem very dangerous. The article on cyanide poisoning says the lethal dose is about 5-10 mg/kg, or about 500 mg for an adult human, which would make ricin about 1000 times more toxic. So this sentence is clearly absurd and I'm going to remove it. Nattylite (talk) 02:45, 2 March 2008 (UTC)

Question for: First-hand account of ingestion
Hi Firsthand Account,

Thanks for writing. What country are you from? You mentioned that "in your country", but you didn't say where you were from. Also, why were you eating the seeds? Was it an experiment just to see what would happen or did someone tell you that they were yummy? Curious about that...

SWAK ! (Sealed With A Kiss !)

Seahappy (talk) 03:33, 2 March 2008 (UTC)

vulnerability of other animals
What is the vulnerability of dogs and cats, other mammals, and other animals to ricin, compared to humans? -69.87.203.171 (talk) 13:06, 3 March 2008 (UTC)

Pharmacology/biochemistry
I'm a bit disappointed that the article seems to be primarily biased towards the use of ricin as a poison, but doesn't go into the actual means of action. If I get time, I'll try to include something, but it's been a while since I looked at it in undergraduate biochemistry. To answer the above question, though, from what I recall it non-selectively disrupts cell membranes, so should be equally toxic to other animals as it is to humans. If I recall, the way it kills is by literally dissolving your cells (which overwhelms quite a lot of body-wide systems), and it is not used up in this process (hence the small amount required for lethality.) -Kieran (talk) 11:10, 6 March 2008 (UTC)

Request citation for lethal dose
The article says the CDC gives the lethal dose as "500 micrograms (about the size of a grain of salt)". However I don't really like this as for one thing, the CDC page linked doesn't mention this as far as I can see; and for another, the size of a grain of salt is quite variable. I've requested some citation.--KX36 (talk) 15:11, 4 May 2008 (UTC)

Ricinoleic acid
Shouldn't Ricinoleic acid be mentioned in the text? Badagnani (talk) 23:02, 27 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Err, why should it be? It is totally unrelated to ricin other than that it is found in the same plant. The only possible mention would be that the presence of ricin in the seeds prevents the fatty acid being used as a chemical feedstock. I'm not certain you'd find a source however. Smartse (talk) 23:45, 24 November 2009 (UTC)

"Incidents" section needs to be split
The section regarding ricin incidents is far to long and need to be either trimmed or split. If no one objects or does it themselves, I will do so. DKqwerty (talk) 22:06, 14 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Go for it, some seem a bit close to WP:NOT but it should definitely be a separate article. Smartse (talk) 23:36, 24 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Incidentally this looks like quite a good WP:GA candidate to me. Smartse (talk) 23:41, 24 November 2009 (UTC)

pronounced /ˈraɪ sɨn
Who decides on the pronunciation, most words can be pronouced a couple of diffrent ways, especially in the UK and US, but I have never heard Ricin pronounced with an A, I am watching a programme now about Ricin, and no one is pronoucing it with a heavy A, they are all saying it with a heavy I, IE rye sin, and this is an America TV show, and I have always heard it with the heavy I in the UK. rai sin is what chaps do around a rai sin track in their rai sin cars.Yakacm (talk) 04:58, 24 December 2009 (UTC)

toxicity contradiction
In the toxicity section it reads, "Ricin is poisonous....with appropriate treatment, most patients will make a full recovery.[2]" Then goes on to say, "Long term organ damage is likely in survivors." the second statement is presented without citation and directly contradicts the first. One must go. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Valerophenone (talk • contribs) 07:48, 28 March 2011 (UTC)

Bad wording
Under the heading "Toxicity" it says "The case experience is not as negative as popular perception would indicate". I think this is very badly worded. Does this mean that the symptoms experienced by poison victims is not as bad as we might think or does it mean something else? I not sure what it means and think it should be reworded. 2.219.126.222 (talk) 14:26, 29 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Updated and quoted the authors. Jokestress (talk) 15:45, 29 August 2011 (UTC)

In Popular Culture
Walt did not poison Brock with ricin. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.93.10.168 (talk) 07:12, 13 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Ricin is used in Breaking Bad several timesCrocodilesAreForWimps (talk) 19:54, 4 October 2011 (UTC)
 * He did almost poison Tuco with it though. --Your sentient rowboat overlord (talk) 13:52, 24 April 2012 (UTC)

 * There are more ricin references in popular culture. The movie "The Mechanic" came to my mind, but there are a lot more listed here: http://www.bionity.com/en/encyclopedia/Ricin.html

In fact, maybe some other information could be absorbed from the linked site. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.63.125.11 (talk) 01:37, 15 October 2012 (UTC)

Easy to Prepare
I added "citation needed" tags to two claims that ricin is easy to make and readily available. The Anarchist's Cookbook may have put that idea into pop culture and the relatively high concentration of ricin in the waste byproduct of castor oil manufacturing makes it an appealing claim. However, my search of the liturature doesn't show any evidence that ricin is easy to make. Experts have stated (as cited elsewhere in the article) that the patented method doesn't work. I'm not saying it's impossible to make. I am saying that making something that requires the resources available to a military chemical weapon lab or a pharmaceutical company doesn't qualify as "easy" in my book. SteveTheRed (talk) 04:56, 22 January 2012 (UTC)

How Big ARE These Beans?
Early in the article it is stated that the lethal, oral dose of ricin is 20-30 mg/kg.

Later the article states that 5-20 castor beans could prove fatal to an adult.

Taking the standard (but no longer existent) 70kg medical adult, and using the lesser fatal dose of 20mg/kg gives the fatal oral dose to be 1400mg - about 0.6 pounds - of pure ricin.

Even if each castor bean is 100% ricin (which seems improbable) then with a fatal dose range of 5-20 beans, each bean must weigh between 0.5 and 2 ounces.

These are heavy beans indeed - unless I've done the maths wrong, or unless the fatal dose is not correctly given.

RedFishBluFish (talk) 11:51, 25 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Looks like 1.4 grams to me.JSR (talk) 12:03, 25 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Red IS doing his math wrong. 1400 mg = 1.4 g = 0.05 oz = 0.003 lb, not 0.6 lb Fnj2 (talk) 14:36, 17 April 2013 (UTC)

 * The LD50 for ricin is quoted by Fischer Scientific (their MSDS) as 0.3 mg per kg. For a 70kg adult that works out at 21mg for a fatal dose, the weight of a grain of rice. The pellet metal pellet packed with ricin that killed Georgi Markov measured 1.7 mm diameter (see article), so the ricin payload must have been considerably less than 21mg. (Do the math) Plantsurfer (talk) 17:51, 17 April 2013 (UTC)

Canola oil
Why is there a "External Link" for canola oil? Canola oil is not castor oil, and the linked page makes no mention of castor oil, castor beans, or ricin. I removed the external link due to being a complete non sequitur. Now, if anyone has a good link for the toxicity (or lack thereof) of castor oil, that would be useful.152.17.148.93 (talk) 16:43, 18 April 2013 (UTC)

Animal Feed, and manufacture.
The article explicitly states that the seed cake is *not* safe for animal feed, and can kill animals. Then, in manufacture, we get this:

"The aqueous phase left over from the oil extraction process is called waste mash. It would contain about 5–10% ricin by weight, but heating during the oil extraction process denatures the protein, making the resultant seed cake safe for use as animal feed. "

It's contradictory. Meanwhile, the sentence about "the aqueous phase..." does not contribute to understanding the manufacture of Ricin, because it leads nowhere but to a statement of the safety of using mash for feed. I've cut all of the above. zadignose (talk) 10:47, 29 July 2013 (UTC)

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Treatment/Antidote
There are contradictory statements in the paragraphs about treatment:

 * "An antidote has been developed by the UK military, although it has not yet been tested on humans. Another antidote developed by the U.S. military has been shown to be safe and effective in lab mice injected with antibody-rich blood mixed with ricin, and has had some human testing.

 * Symptomatic and supportive treatments are available for ricin poisoning, but there is no antidote for ricin available for humans.

 * [...]

 * Although there is no antidote currently available for ricin poisoning"

These all appear in three paragraphs in the middle of the "toxicity" section. I started to try to merge the statements about antidotes into the other two, but I think it needs attention from someone who's got more experience with wiki's writing style than I do. IMO, it needs to be rewritten from the ground up or it's going to look cobbled together. -Athaler (talk) 15:43, 29 May 2017 (UTC)

Page Preview Error?
I am unsure how the Page Previews are handled, as I could not find the code in the article and the preview itself only allows me to disable or enable the preview. To the matter: The Page Preview for ricin is nine lines of "breaking bad breaking bad" accompanied by the structure image from the article. I believe this needs to be addressed, as it appears to have been vandalized. Everchanging02 (talk) 17:00, 21 July 2018 (UTC) Added link to allow for quick testing of preview. The issue now seems to have been addressed. Everchanging02 (talk) 14:34, 22 July 2018 (UTC)

Classification
So,, I'm a bit confused. In the course of following me about and reverting my edits you have restored this claim: "Ricin was given the military symbol W or later WA." You've repeatedly restored it, complete with the six-year-old cn tag, with the edit summary "it's in the source". Does that mean that if I looked at p 437 of, I would find corroboration about ricin's CW designation? --The Huhsz (talk) 13:36, 2 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Yes. It does, as I said. I'm not sure why you find this confusing.
 * In fact this article is probably WP:COPYVIO Bledwith (talk) 13:42, 2 September 2019 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry, it's actually page 210. Bledwith (talk) 13:47, 2 September 2019 (UTC)
 * So why the citation needed tag? --The Huhsz (talk) 14:59, 2 September 2019 (UTC)
 * You tell me. That's where I was readding your good edits. Bledwith (talk) 16:43, 2 September 2019 (UTC)
 * I cannot tell you why you restored a citation needed tag while saying the material was on the source. Which edition of the book are you looking at? --The Huhsz (talk) 17:40, 2 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Your citation needed tag was in a different bit about the Soviets. You added it. I restored after my change.Bledwith (talk) 17:58, 2 September 2019 (UTC)
 * I saw your snarky edit summary: "hard of reading", eh? Please lose the attitude. I removed the tag and the material twice. You restored the tag here, then again here. In spite of making three subsequent edits to the article, you did not remove it, even while arguing here that the material was in the source. It is still there right now. We can all be "hard of reading" on occasion, but can I ask you to be more careful please? Now, which edition of the book are you looking at? --The Huhsz (talk) 18:34, 2 September 2019 (UTC)
 * ah well its gone now.

https://books.google.es/books?id=DQqWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA210&lpg=PA210&dq=ricin+chemical+weapon+designation+W&source=bl&ots=3boDgRFMfb&sig=ACfU3U0KHf-laSX7eQb4T86N4NdWL7GPwg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwicy6bG76_kAhWD4YUKHTmIA4E4ChDoATAAegQICBAB#v=onepage&q=ricin%20chemical%20weapon%20designation%20W&f=false

Bledwith (talk) 19:02, 2 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ricin


text:
Talk:Nanotechnology

Semi-protected edit request on 28 February 2018
Please add below "Origin" subheading following lines: First usage of nanotechnology goes back to 4th century when a Roman artisan made a chalice called the Lycurgus Cup. Particles were so small that were just 50 nanometers in diameter. That means these elements were less than one-thousandth the size of a grain of table salt. Ianzonja (talk) 21:35, 28 February 2018 (UTC)

 * ❌: I dispute that the definition or example of "nanotechnology" should not include artistic use of nanoscale particles as the Roman did. The article emphasizes that nanoscale method is done with intentional technological advantage. The source interprets that the Roman artisan played with dust for artistic effect, and had a fortunate outcome which I agree is beautiful (like adding varnish to flat paint to create gloss), but not technologically intended. --Zefr (talk) 23:33, 28 February 2018 (UTC)

 * As a colleague of mine once stated (he was at the time actually involved in high level committees in the EU on the definition of nanotechnology), if we start defining nanotechnology like this, then boiling an egg (i.e. changing the molecular structure of the protein at a nano-scale) should also be labelled nanotechnology.

 * Or in other words, I fully support Zefr's call here for much the reason given. Arnoutf (talk) 15:32, 1 March 2018 (UTC)

Nanotechnology definition
Definition According to CRN(Center for responsible nanotechnology) = It is a engineering of tailoring of functional system at the molecular or atomic scale. Vyas jay (talk) 14:50, 27 July 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 9 January 2019
I think this could be included in history part, because this is nano

The photocatalytic properties of nanosized titanium dioxide were published by Akira Fujishima in 1972. Fujishima, Akira; Honda, Kenichi (1972). "Electrochemical Photolysis of Water at a Semiconductor Electrode". Nature. 238 (5358): 37–8. Hyacintara (talk) 16:45, 9 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Pending-protection-unlocked.svg Not done: According to the page's protection level you should be able to edit the page yourself. If you seem to be unable to, please reopen the request with further details.  SITH   (talk)   21:10, 12 January 2019 (UTC)

Nomination of Portal:Nanotechnology for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether Portal:Nanotechnology is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The page will be discussed at Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Portal:Nanotechnology until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the page during the discussion, including to improve the page to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the deletion notice from the top of the page. North America1000 06:27, 23 September 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 10 January 2020
In both tables "Top nanotechnology research organizations" the MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESA%2B_Institute_for_Nanotechnology) is missing. I would like add this institute to the tables, respectively with this data:

MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology - The Netherlands - 193 first patents - 6736 Scientific publications

References: Web of Science (https://apps.webofknowledge.com), Annual reports (https://www.utwente.nl/en/organization/facts-and-figures/annual-report/) Florismetzner (talk) 08:49, 10 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: This is not a compiled list but a list of top ten organizations at the time of publication from the World Intellectual Property Organization. MESA+ did not qualify under either of the criteria WIPO used in compiling that report.  Eggishorn (talk) (contrib) 19:40, 18 January 2020 (UTC)

Nano-architected silica reported to be 5x lighter & 4x stronger than steel
I thought this might be of interest for this article. Peaceray (talk) 15:27, 1 August 2023 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: IFS213-Hacking and Open Source Culture
— Assignment last updated by UndercoverSwitch (talk) 03:31, 13 November 2023 (UTC)

Two references and one paragraph added
I added a paragraph under the Applications subheading that discusses Nanoencapsulation. An important topic of Nanotechnology that has revolutionized the medical field. I also added two references that back up the claims made. Monsterinthevi 1 (talk) 00:59, 11 December 2023 (UTC)

 * The paragraphs you added have too much Peacock, that is they use words which exaggerate and are bragging. Please rewrite with a more neutral tone, otherwise they should be removed. Ldm1954 (talk) 01:46, 11 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Updated, please let me know if any further revisions are needed. Monsterinthevi 1 (talk) 20:02, 11 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes, there is more you have to do:
 * Reference 64 is to a repository, you need to use the original journal. You also need to read the article to see if there really are any products or this is speculation
 * Reference 65 is also a repository, also cannot be used.
 * You need to look carefully whether you are being misled by claims that are spin versus solid in reputable sources. Nanotechnology is full of spin and inappropriate claims, and some good science (perhaps 20% is decent). Ldm1954 (talk) 20:30, 11 December 2023 (UTC)

Nanotechnology is the manipulation of matter on a nanoscale, which is typically measured from one to 100 nanometers ¹. This technology has a wide range of applications, including ¹: - Surface science - Organic chemistry - Molecular biology - Semiconductor physics - Energy storage - Engineering - Microfabrication - Molecular engineering It also has applications in various fields, such as: - Nanomedicine - Nanoelectronics - Biomaterials - Energy production - Consumer products 103.211.13.155 (talk) 10:15, 1 July 2024 (UTC)

 * Is this a suggested edit, a comment or what? Ldm1954 (talk) 10:25, 1 July 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Nanotechnology


text:
CP/M-86

CP/M-86 is a discontinued version of the CP/M operating system that Digital Research (DR) made for the Intel 8086 and Intel 8088. The system commands are the same as in CP/M-80. Executable files used the relocatable .CMD file format. Digital Research also produced a multi-user multitasking operating system compatible with CP/M-86, MP/M-86, which later evolved into Concurrent CP/M-86. When an emulator was added to provide PC DOS compatibility, the system was renamed Concurrent DOS, which later became Multiuser DOS, of which REAL/32 is the latest incarnation. The FlexOS, DOS Plus, and DR DOS families of operating systems started as derivations of Concurrent DOS as well.

History
Digital Research's CP/M-86 was originally announced to be released in November 1979, but was delayed repeatedly. When IBM contacted other companies to obtain components for the IBM PC, the as-yet unreleased CP/M-86 was its first choice for an operating system because CP/M had the most applications at the time. Negotiations between Digital Research and IBM quickly deteriorated over IBM's non-disclosure agreement and its insistence on a one-time fee rather than DRI's usual royalty licensing plan. After discussions with Microsoft, IBM decided to use 86-DOS (QDOS), a CP/M-like operating system that Microsoft bought from Seattle Computer Products renaming it MS-DOS. Microsoft adapted it for PC, and licensed it to IBM. It was sold by IBM under the name of PC DOS. After learning about the deal, Digital Research founder Gary Kildall threatened to sue IBM for infringing DRI's intellectual property, and IBM agreed to offer CP/M-86 as an alternative operating system on the PC to settle the claim. Most of the BIOS drivers for CP/M-86 for the IBM PC were written by Andy Johnson-Laird.

The IBM PC was announced on 12 August 1981, and the first machines began shipping in October the same year, ahead of schedule. CP/M-86 was one of three operating systems available from IBM, with PC DOS and UCSD p-System. Digital Research's adaptation of CP/M-86 for the IBM PC was released six months after PC DOS in spring 1982, and porting applications from CP/M-80 to either operating system was about equally difficult. In November 1981, Digital Research also released a version for the proprietary IBM Displaywriter.

On some dual-processor 8-bit/16-bit computers special versions of CP/M-86 could natively run CP/M-86 and CP/M-80 applications. A version for the DEC Rainbow was named CP/M-86/80, whereas the version for the CompuPro System 816 was named CP/M 8-16 (see also: MP/M 8-16). The version of CP/M-86 for the 8085/8088-based Zenith Z-100 supported running programs for both processors as well.

When PC clones came about, Microsoft licensed MS-DOS to other companies as well. Experts found that the two operating systems were technically comparable, with CP/M-86 having better memory management but DOS being faster. BYTE speculated that Microsoft reserving multitasking for Xenix "appears to leave a big opening" for Concurrent CP/M-86.

On the IBM PC, however, at US$240 per copy for IBM's version, CP/M-86 sold poorly compared to the US$40 PC DOS; one survey found that 96.3% of IBM PCs were ordered with DOS, compared to 3.4% with CP/M-86 or Concurrent CP/M-86. In mid-1982 Lifeboat Associates, perhaps the largest CP/M software vendor, announced its support for DOS over CP/M-86 on the IBM PC. BYTE warned that IBM, Microsoft, and Lifeboat's support for DOS "poses a serious threat to" CP/M-86, and Jerry Pournelle stated in the magazine that "it is clear that Digital Research made some terrible mistakes in the marketing".

By early 1983 DRI began selling CP/M-86 1.1 to end users for US$60. Advertisements called CP/M-86 a "terrific value", with "instant access to the largest collection of applications software in existence … hundreds of proven, professional software programs for every business and education need"; it also included Graphics System Extension (GSX), formerly US$75. In May 1983 the company announced that it would offer DOS versions of all of its languages and utilities. It stated that "obviously, PC DOS has made great market penetration on the IBM PC; we have to admit that", but claimed that "the fact that CP/M-86 has not done as well as DRI had hoped has nothing to do with our decision". By early 1984 DRI gave free copies of Concurrent CP/M-86 to those who purchased two CP/M-86 applications as a limited time offer, and advertisements stated that the applications were self-booting disks, which did not require loading CP/M-86 first. In January 1984, DRI also announced Kanji CP/M-86, a Japanese version of CP/M-86, for nine Japanese companies including Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Sanyo Electric Co. Ltd., Sord Computer Corp.  In December 1984 Fujitsu announced a number of FM-16-based machines using Kanji CP/M-86.

CP/M-86 and DOS had very similar functionality, but were not compatible because the system calls for the same functions and program file formats were different, so two versions of the same software had to be produced and marketed to run under both operating systems. The command interface again had similar functionality but different syntax; where CP/M-86 (and CP/M) copied file  to   with the command , DOS used.

Initially MS-DOS and CP/M-86 also ran on computers not necessarily hardware-compatible with the IBM PC such as the Apricot and Sirius, the intention being that software would be independent of hardware by making standardised operating system calls to a version of the operating system custom tailored to the particular hardware. However, writers of software which required fast performance accessed the IBM PC hardware directly instead of going through the operating system, resulting in PC-specific software which performed better than other MS-DOS and CP/M-86 versions; for example, games would display fast by writing to video memory directly instead of suffering the delay of making a call to the operating system, which would then write to a hardware-dependent memory location. Non-PC-compatible computers were soon replaced by models with hardware which behaved identically to the PC's. A consequence of the universal adoption of detailed PC architecture was that no more than 640 kilobytes of memory were supported; early machines running MS-DOS and CP/M-86 did not suffer from this restriction, and some could make use of nearly one megabyte of RAM.

Reception
PC Magazine wrote that CP/M-86 "in several ways seems better fitted to the PC" than DOS; however, for those who did not plan to program in assembly language, because it cost six times more "CP/M seems a less compelling purchase". It stated that CP/M-86 was strong in areas where DOS was weak, and vice versa, and that the level of application support for each operating system would be most important, although CP/M-86's lack of a run-time version for applications was a weakness.

Versions
A given version of CP/M-86 has two version numbers. One applies to the whole system and is usually displayed at startup; the other applies to the BDOS kernel. Versions known to exist include:

All known Personal CP/M-86 versions contain references to CP/M-86 Plus, suggesting that they are derived from the CP/M-86 Plus codebase.

A number of 16-bit CP/M-86 derivatives existed in the former East-bloc under the names SCP1700 (Single User Control Program), CP/K, and K8918-OS. They were produced by the East-German VEB Robotron Dresden and Energiekombinat Berlin.

Legacy
Caldera permitted the redistribution and modification of all original Digital Research files, including source code, related to the CP/M family through Tim Olmstead's "The Unofficial CP/M Web site" since 1997. After Olmstead's death on 12 September 2001, the free distribution license was refreshed and expanded by Lineo, who had meanwhile become the owner of those Digital Research assets, on 19 October 2001.

title: CP/M-86


text:
20th Century Studios

20th Century Studios, Inc. is an American film studio owned by the Walt Disney Studios, a division of Disney Entertainment, in turn a division of The Walt Disney Company. It is headquartered at the Fox Studio Lot in the Century City area of Los Angeles, leased from Fox Corporation. Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures distributes and markets the films produced by 20th Century Studios in theatrical markets.

For over 80 years, 20th Century was one of the major American film studios. It was formed in 1935 as Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation by the merger of Fox Film and Twentieth Century Pictures, and one of the original "Big Five" among eight majors of Hollywood's Golden Age. In 1985, the studio removed the hyphen in the name (becoming Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation) after being acquired by Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation, which was renamed 21st Century Fox in 2013 after it spun off its publishing assets. Disney purchased most of 21st Century Fox's assets, which included 20th Century Fox, on March 20, 2019. The studio adopted its current name as a trade name on January 17, 2020, in order to avoid confusion with Fox Corporation, and subsequently started to use it for the copyright of 20th Century and Searchlight Pictures productions on December 4.

The most commercially successful film series from 20th Century Studios include the first six Star Wars films, X-Men, Ice Age, Avatar, and Planet of the Apes. Additionally, the studio's library includes many individual films such as Titanic and The Sound of Music, both of which won the Academy Award for Best Picture and became the highest-grossing films of all time during their initial releases.

From founding to 1956

Twentieth Century Pictures' Joseph Schenck and Darryl F. Zanuck left United Artists over a stock dispute, and began merger talks with the management of financially struggling Fox Film, under President Sidney Kent.

Spyros Skouras, then manager of the Fox West Coast Theaters, helped make it happen (and later became president of the new company). The company had been struggling since founder William Fox lost control of the company in 1930.

Fox Film Corporation and Twentieth Century Pictures merged in 1935. Initially, it was speculated in The New York Times that the newly merged company would be named "Fox-Twentieth Century". The new company, Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation, began trading on May 31, 1935. Kent remained at the company, joining Schenck and Zanuck. Zanuck replaced Winfield Sheehan as the company's production chief.

The company established a special training school. Lynn Bari, Patricia Farr and Anne Nagel were among 14 young women "launched on the trail of film stardom" on August 6, 1935, when they each received a six-month contract with 20th Century-Fox after spending 18 months in the school. The contracts included a studio option for renewal for as long as seven years.

For many years, 20th Century Fox identified themselves as having been founded in 1915, the year Fox Film was founded. For instance, it marked 1945 as its 30th anniversary. However, it has considered the 1935 merger as its founding in recent years, even though most film historians agree it was founded in 1915. The company's films retained the 20th Century Pictures searchlight logo on their opening credits as well as its opening fanfare, but with the name changed to 20th Century-Fox.

After the merger was completed, Zanuck signed young actors to help carry 20th Century-Fox: Tyrone Power, Linda Darnell, Carmen Miranda, Don Ameche, Henry Fonda, Gene Tierney, Sonja Henie, and Betty Grable. 20th Century-Fox also hired Alice Faye and Shirley Temple, who appeared in several major films for the studio in the 1930s.

Higher attendance during World War II helped 20th Century-Fox overtake RKO and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer to become the third most profitable film studio. In 1941, Zanuck was commissioned as a lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Signal Corps and assigned to supervise the production of U.S. Army training films. His partner, William Goetz, filled in at 20th Century-Fox.

In 1942, Spyros Skouras succeeded Kent as president of the studio. During the next few years, with pictures like Wilson (1944), The Razor's Edge (1946), Boomerang, Gentleman's Agreement (both 1947), The Snake Pit (1948), and Pinky (1949), Zanuck established a reputation for provocative, adult films. 20th Century-Fox also specialized in adaptations of best-selling books such as Ben Ames Williams' Leave Her to Heaven (1945), starring Gene Tierney, which was the highest-grossing 20th Century-Fox film of the 1940s. The studio also produced film versions of Broadway musicals, including the Rodgers and Hammerstein films, beginning with the musical version of State Fair (1945), the only work that the partnership wrote specially for films.

After the war, audiences slowly drifted away. 20th Century-Fox held on to its theaters until a court-mandated "divorce"; they were spun off as Fox National Theaters in 1953. That year, with attendance at half the 1946 level, 20th Century-Fox gambled on an unproven process. Noting that the two film sensations of 1952 had been Cinerama, which required three projectors to fill a giant curved screen, and "Natural Vision" 3D, which got its effects of depth by requiring the use of polarized glasses, 20th Century-Fox mortgaged its studio to buy rights to a French anamorphic projection system which gave a slight illusion of depth without glasses. President Spyros Skouras struck a deal with the inventor Henri Chrétien, leaving the other film studios empty-handed, and in 1953 introduced CinemaScope in the studio's groundbreaking feature film The Robe.

Zanuck announced in February 1953 that henceforth all 20th Century-Fox pictures would be made in CinemaScope. To convince theater owners to install this new process, 20th Century-Fox agreed to help pay conversion costs (about $25,000 per screen); and to ensure enough product, 20th Century-Fox leased access to CinemaScope to any rival studio choosing to use it. Seeing the box-office for the first two CinemaScope features, The Robe and How to Marry a Millionaire (also 1953), Warner Bros., MGM, RKO, Universal-International, Columbia, UA, Allied Artists, and Disney quickly adopted the process. In 1956, 20th Century-Fox engaged Robert Lippert to establish a subsidiary company, Regal Pictures, later Associated Producers Incorporated to film B pictures in CinemaScope (but "branded" RegalScope). 20th Century-Fox produced new musicals using the CinemaScope process including Carousel and The King and I (both 1956).

CinemaScope brought a brief upturn in attendance, but by 1956 the numbers again began to slide. That year Darryl Zanuck announced his resignation as head of production. Zanuck moved to Paris, setting up as an independent producer, seldom being in the United States for many years.

Production and financial problems
Zanuck's successor, producer Buddy Adler, died a year later. President Spyros Skouras brought in a series of production executives, but none had Zanuck's success. By the early 1960s, 20th Century-Fox was in trouble. A new version of Cleopatra (1963) began production in 1959 with Joan Collins in the lead. As a publicity gimmick, producer Walter Wanger offered $1 million to Elizabeth Taylor if she would star; she accepted and costs for Cleopatra began to escalate. Richard Burton's on-set romance with Taylor was surrounding the media. However, Skouras' selfish preferences and inexperienced micromanagement on the film's production did nothing to speed up production on Cleopatra.

Meanwhile, another remake—of the Cary Grant hit My Favorite Wife (1940)—was rushed into production in an attempt to turn over a quick profit to help keep 20th Century-Fox afloat. The romantic comedy entitled Something's Got to Give paired Marilyn Monroe, 20th Century-Fox's most bankable star of the 1950s, with Dean Martin and director George Cukor. The troubled Monroe caused delays daily, and it quickly descended into a costly debacle. As Cleopatra's budget passed $10 million, eventually costing around $40 million, 20th Century-Fox sold its back lot (now the site of Century City) to Alcoa in 1961 to raise funds. After several weeks of script rewrites on the Monroe picture and very little progress, mostly due to director George Cukor's filming methods, in addition to Monroe's chronic sinusitis, Monroe was fired from Something's Got to Give and two months later she was found dead. According to 20th Century-Fox files, she was rehired within weeks for a two-picture deal totaling $1 million, $500,000 to finish Something's Got to Give (plus a bonus at completion), and another $500,000 for What a Way to Go. Elizabeth Taylor's disruptive reign on the Cleopatra set continued unchallenged from 1960 into 1962, though three 20th Century-Fox executives went to Rome in June 1962 to fire her. They learned that director Joseph L. Mankiewicz had filmed out of sequence and had only done interiors, so 20th Century-Fox was then forced to allow Taylor several more weeks of filming. In the meantime during that summer of 1962 Fox released nearly all of its contract stars to offset burgeoning costs, including Jayne Mansfield.

With few pictures on the schedule, Skouras wanted to rush Zanuck's big-budget war epic The Longest Day (1962), an accurate account of the Allied invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944, with a huge international cast, into release as another source of quick cash. This offended Zanuck, still 20th Century-Fox's largest shareholder, for whom The Longest Day was a labor of love that he had dearly wanted to produce for many years. After it became clear that Something's Got to Give would not be able to progress without Monroe in the lead (Martin had refused to work with anyone else), Skouras finally decided that re-signing her was unavoidable. But days before filming was due to resume, she was found dead at her Los Angeles home and the picture resumed filming as Move Over, Darling, with Doris Day and James Garner in the leads. Released in 1963, the film was a hit. The unfinished scenes from Something's Got to Give were shelved for nearly 40 years. Rather than being rushed into release as if it were a B-picture, The Longest Day was lovingly and carefully produced under Zanuck's supervision. It was finally released at a length of three hours and was well received.

At the next board meeting, Zanuck spoke for eight hours, convincing directors that Skouras was mismanaging the company and that he was the only possible successor. Zanuck was installed as chairman, and then named his son Richard Zanuck as president. This new management group seized Cleopatra and rushed it to completion, shut down the studio, laid off the entire staff to save money, axed the long-running Movietone Newsreel (the archives of which are now owned by Fox News), and made a series of cheap, popular pictures that restored 20th Century-Fox as a major studio. The saving grace for the studio's fortunes came from the tremendous success of The Sound of Music (1965), an expensive and handsomely produced film adaptation of the highly acclaimed Rodgers and Hammerstein Broadway musical, which became a significant success at the box office and won five Academy Awards, including Best Director (Robert Wise) and Best Picture of the Year.

20th Century-Fox also had two big science-fiction hits in the decade: Fantastic Voyage (1966), and the original Planet of the Apes (1968), starring Charlton Heston, Kim Hunter, and Roddy McDowall. Fantastic Voyage was the last film made in CinemaScope; the studio had held on to the format while Panavision lenses were being used elsewhere.

Zanuck stayed on as chairman until 1971, but there were several expensive flops in his last years, resulting in 20th Century-Fox posting losses from 1969 to 1971. Following his removal, and after an uncertain period, new management brought 20th Century-Fox back to health. Under president Gordon T. Stulberg and production head Alan Ladd, Jr., 20th Century-Fox films connected with modern audiences. Stulberg used the profits to acquire resort properties, soft-drink bottlers, Australian theaters and other properties in an attempt to diversify enough to offset the boom-or-bust cycle of picture-making.

Foreshadowing a pattern of film production still yet to come, in late 1973 20th Century-Fox joined forces with Warner Bros. to co-produce The Towering Inferno (1974), an all-star action blockbuster from producer Irwin Allen. Both studios found themselves owning the rights to books about burning skyscrapers. Allen insisted on a meeting with the heads of both studios and announced that as 20th Century-Fox was already in the lead with their property it would be career suicide to have competing movies. Thus the first joint-venture studio deal was struck. In hindsight, while it may be commonplace now, back in the 1970s, it was a risky, but revolutionary, idea that paid off handsomely at both domestic and international box offices around the world.

20th Century-Fox's success reached new heights by backing the most profitable film made up to that time, Star Wars (1977). Substantial financial gains were realized as a result of the film's unprecedented success: from a low of $6 in June 1976, stock prices more than quadrupled to almost $27 after Star Wars release; 1976 revenues of $195 million rose to $301 million in 1977.

Marvin Davis and Rupert Murdoch
With financial stability came new owners, when 20th Century-Fox was sold for $720 million on June 8, 1981, to investors Marc Rich and Marvin Davis. 20th Century-Fox's assets included Pebble Beach Golf Links, the Aspen Skiing Company and a Century City property upon which Davis built and twice sold Fox Plaza.

In 1982, the company decided to try on capitalizing the video game industry by forming the company's first video game division, Fox Video Games, in order to sell cartridges for consoles and computers, under the "Games of the Century" slogan, but the division failed due to the video game crash of 1983.

By 1984, Rich had become a fugitive from justice, having fled to Switzerland after being charged by U.S. federal prosecutors with tax evasion, racketeering and illegal trading with Iran during the Iran hostage crisis. Rich's assets were frozen by U.S. authorities. In 1984 Marvin Davis bought out Marc Rich's 50% interest in 20th Century-Fox Film Corporation for an undisclosed amount, reported to be $116 million. Davis sold this interest to Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation for $250 million in March 1985. Davis later backed out of a deal with Murdoch to purchase John Kluge's Metromedia television stations. Murdoch went ahead alone and bought the stations, and later bought out Davis' remaining stake in 20th Century-Fox for $325 million. From 1985, the hyphen was permanently deleted from the brand name, with 20th Century-Fox changing to 20th Century Fox.

To gain FCC approval of 20th Century-Fox's purchase of Metromedia's television holdings, once the stations of the long-dissolved DuMont network, Murdoch had to become a U.S. citizen. He did so in 1985, and in 1986 the new Fox Broadcasting Company took to the air. Over the next 20-odd years the network and owned-stations group expanded to become extremely profitable for News Corporation. Then in 1993, 20th Century Fox bought the superhero rights to the X-Men, while the Fantastic Four was bought in 1998. Then Bryan Singer directed the first film and the second film, while Brett Ratner was hired to direct the third film of the original trilogy.

In 1994, 20th Century Fox would establish four new divisions: Fox Searchlight Pictures, Fox Family Films, Fox Animation Studios, and Fox 2000 Pictures. Fox Searchlight would specialize in the specialty and indie film market, with Thomas Rothman, then president of production at The Samuel Goldwyn Company, being brought on to head up the new studio. It was soon given its name with Rothman as its founding president. Fox Family Films was tasked with producing films geared towards families, under John Matoian. Fox Animation Studios was established on August 9, 1994, designed to compete with Walt Disney Feature Animation, whom had found success in the Disney Renaissance. Don Bluth and Gary Goldman of the failing Sullivan Bluth Studios were appointed to head the new $100 million animation studio. Fox 2000 Pictures was formed to specialize in mid-budget-ranging films targeted towards underserved groups of audiences, with Laura Ziskin brought on as president.

In August 1997, Fox's Los Angeles-based visual effects company, VIFX, acquired majority interest in Blue Sky Studios to form a new visual effects and animation company, temporarily renamed "Blue Sky/VIFX". Blue Sky had previously did the character animation of MTV Films' first film ''Joe's Apartment. Following the studio's expansion, Blue Sky produced character animation for the films Alien Resurrection, A Simple Wish, Mouse Hunt, Star Trek: Insurrection and Fight Club''. VIFX was later sold to another VFX studio Rhythm and Hues Studios in March 1999. According to Blue Sky founder Chris Wedge, Fox considered selling Blue Sky as well by 2000 due to financial difficulties in the visual effects industry in general.

In February 1998, following the success of Fox Animation Studios' first film Anastasia, Fox Family Films changed its name to Fox Animation Studios and dropped its live action production. which would be picked up by other production units. The actual Fox Animation Studios would become a division of the formerly-named Fox Family Films, being referred to as the Phoenix studio. However, Fox Animation Studios in Los Angeles would be renamed to 20th Century Fox Animation between 1998 and 1999. The Phoenix studio would face financial problems, eventually with Fox laying off 300 of the nearly 380 people who worked at the Phoenix studio to "make films more efficiently". After the box-office failure of Titan A.E., Fox Animation Studios would shut down on June 26, 2000. Their last film set to be made would have been an adaptation of Wayne Barlowe's illustrated novel Barlowe's Inferno, and was set to be done entirely with computer animation. Another film they would have made was The Little Beauty King, an adult animated film directed by Steve Oedekerk, which would have been a satire of the films from the Disney Renaissance. It would predate Shrek (2001).

Chris Wedge, film producer Lori Forte, and Fox Animation executive Chris Meledandri presented Fox with a script for a comedy feature film titled Ice Age. Studio management pressured staff to sell their remaining shares and options to Fox on the promise of continued employment on feature-length films. The studio moved to White Plains, New York and started production on Ice Age. As the film wrapped, Fox, having little faith in the film, feared that it might bomb at the box office. Fox terminated half of the production staff and tried unsuccessfully to find a buyer for the film and the studio. Instead, Ice Age was released by Fox in conjunction with 20th Century Fox Animation on March 15, 2002, to critical and commercial success, receiving a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Animated Feature at the 75th Academy Awards in 2003. Ice Age would spawn a franchise and bolster Blue Sky into producing feature films and becoming a household name in feature animation.

From 2000 to 2010, this company has been the international distributor for MGM/UA releases. In the 1980s, 20th Century Fox – through a joint venture with CBS called CBS/Fox Video – had distributed certain UA films on video; thus UA has come full circle by switching to 20th Century Fox for video distribution. 20th Century Fox also makes money distributing films for small independent film companies.

In 2006, 20th Century Fox terminated its production with Bad Hat Harry Productions for 5 years, because Bryan Singer left X-Men: The Last Stand to direct Superman Returns (2006) for Warner Bros. Pictures, then he returned to produce the first film and direct its sequel in the prequel trilogy, starting in 2011.

In late 2006, Fox Atomic was started up under Fox Searchlight head Peter Rice and COO John Hegeman as a sibling production division under Fox Filmed Entertainment. In early 2008, Atomic's marketing unit was transferred to Fox Searchlight and 20th Century Fox, when Hegeman moved to New Regency Productions. Debbie Liebling became president. After two middling successes and falling short with other films, the unit was shut down in April 2009. The remaining films under its Atomic label in production and post-productions were transferred to 20th Century Fox and Fox Spotlight with Liebling overseeing them.

In 2008, 20th Century Fox announced an Asian subsidiary, Fox STAR Studios, a joint venture with STAR TV, also owned by News Corporation. It was reported that Fox STAR would start by producing films for the Bollywood market, then expand to several Asian markets. In the same year, 20th Century Fox started Fox International Productions, but the division was closed in 2017.

Chernin Entertainment was founded by Peter Chernin after he stepped down as president of 20th Century Fox's then-parent company News Corporation. in 2009. Chernin Entertainment's five-year first-look deal for the film and television was signed with 20th Century Fox and 20th Century Fox TV in 2009.

21st Century Fox era
On June 28, 2012, Rupert Murdoch announced that News Corporation would be split into two publishing and media-oriented companies: a new News Corporation and 21st Century Fox, which operated the Fox Entertainment Group and 20th Century Fox. Murdoch considered the name of the new company a way to maintain the 20th Century Fox heritage.

Fox Stage Productions was formed in June 2013. In August, the same year, 20th Century Fox started a theatrical joint venture with a trio of producers, both film and theater, Kevin McCollum, John Davis and Tom McGrath.

On September 20, 2017, Locksmith Animation formed a multi-year production deal with 20th Century Fox, who would distribute Locksmith's films under 20th Century Fox Animation, with Locksmith aiming to release a film every 12–18 months. The deal was to bolster Blue Sky's output and replace the loss of distributing DreamWorks Animation films, which are now owned and distributed by Universal Pictures. The first film to be released under the production company was Ron's Gone Wrong, which was released on October 22, 2021, by 20th Century Studios and was the only film to be released by the studio.

Technoprops, a VFX company that worked on Avatar and The Jungle Book, was purchased in April 2017 to operate as Fox VFX Lab. Technoprops' founder Glenn Derry would continue to run the company as vice president of visual effect reporting to Gerard Bevan and John Kilkenny, VFX president.

On October 30, 2017, Vanessa Morrison was named president of a newly created 20th Century Fox division, Fox Family, reporting to the chairman & CEO and Vice Chairman of 20th Century Fox. The family division would develop films that appeal to younger moviegoers and their parents both animated films and films with live-action elements. Also, the division would oversee the studio's family animated television business, which produces holiday television specials based on existing film properties, and oversee feature film adaptation of its TV shows. To replace Morrison at Fox Animation, Andrea Miloro and Robert Baird were named co-presidents of 20th Century Fox Animation.

20th Century Fox issued a default notice in regards to its licensing agreement for the under-construction 20th Century Fox World theme park in Malaysia by Genting Malaysia Bhd. In November 2018 Genting Malaysia filed suit in response and included soon to be parent The Walt Disney Company.

Disney acquisition
On December 14, 2017, Disney announced plans to purchase most of 21st Century Fox, including 20th Century Fox, for $52.4 billion. After a bid from Comcast (owner of NBCUniversal) for $65 billion, Disney counterbid with $71.3 billion. On July 19, 2018, Comcast dropped out of the bid for 21st Century Fox in favor of Sky plc and Sky UK. Eight days later, Disney and 21st Century Fox shareholders approved the merger between the two companies. Although the deal was completed on March 20, 2019, 20th Century Fox was not planning to relocate to Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, but retained its headquarters at the Fox Studio Lot in the Century City area of Los Angeles, which is currently leased to Disney by 21st Century Fox's successor, Fox Corporation, for seven years. Various units were moved out from under 20th Century Fox at acquisition in months after the merger along with several rounds of layoffs. The Fox Research Library was folded into the Walt Disney Archives and Walt Disney Imagineering Archives in January 2020. The last film to use the "20th Century Fox" name was Underwater, which was released on January 10, 2020.

After the box office failures of films like Dark Phoenix and Stuber, Disney halted development on several projects, though films such as Free Guy and the Avatar sequels managed to continue production. Fox's slate would be reduced to 10 films per year, half of them being made for the Hulu and then-upcoming Disney+ streaming services. Projects from 20th Century Fox franchises such as Star Wars, Home Alone, Cheaper by the Dozen, Night at the Museum, Diary of a Wimpy Kid, and Ice Age were later announced for Disney+. These projects would later be fully revealed during Disney's Investor Day in December 2020 as feature films for the aforementioned streaming service. The first of these projects was Home Sweet Home Alone, which was released on November 12, 2021.

On January 17, 2020, Disney renamed the studio to "20th Century Studios", which served to help avoid brand confusion with Fox Corporation. Similar to other Disney film units, distribution of 20th Century Studios films is now handled in North America by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures and internationally by their sub-division Buena Vista International, while Searchlight Pictures operates their own autonomous distribution and marketing unit. Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment distributes the films produced by 20th Century and Searchlight in home media under the 20th Century Home Entertainment label. The first film released by Disney under the studio's new name was The Call of the Wild, which was released on February 21, 2020. That same year, Ford vs. Ferrari (2019), among its four Academy Award nominations, earned the studio its first Best Picture nomination post-Disney acquisition.

In the same year, held-over production president Emma Watts left the company. On March 12, 2020, Steve Asbell was named president, production of 20th Century Studios, while Morrison was named president, streaming, Walt Disney Studios Motion Picture Production to oversee live-action development and production of Walt Disney Pictures and 20th Century Studios for Disney+. Philip Steuer will now lead physical and post-production and VFX, as president of production at Walt Disney Studios Motion Picture Production. Randi Hiller will now lead casting as executive VP casting, overseeing both Walt Disney Pictures and 20th Century Studios. Steuer has served as executive VP of physical production for Walt Disney Studios since 2015, and Hiller has led casting for Walt Disney Studios since 2011. Both will dual-report to Asbell and Sean Bailey.

On September 1, 2020, the Japanese branch of 20th Century Studios, 20th Century Fox Japan, was absorbed into Disney Japan; 20th Century Studios' previous involvement with Toei Company as the Japanese co-distributor and Asian distributor for Dragon Ball films ended and were later taken over by Crunchyroll and Sony Pictures Releasing (via Sony Pictures Releasing International).

On February 9, 2021, Disney announced that Blue Sky Studios was shut down in April 2021, and was succeeded by 20th Century Animation. A spokesperson for the company explained that in light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic's continued economic impact on all of its businesses, it was no longer sustainable for them to run a third feature animation studio. In addition, production on a film adaptation of the webcomic Nimona, originally scheduled to be released on January 14, 2022, was cancelled as a result of its closure. The studio's film library and intellectual properties are retained by Disney. Although Disney did not give an exact date as to when the studio would be closing down initially, former animator Rick Fournier confirmed on April 10 it was their last day of operation, three days after co-founder Chris Wedge released a farewell letter on social media. Nimona would be picked up by Annapurna Pictures in early 2022 for release on Netflix in 2023.

On November 22, 2021, Disney Media and Entertainment Distribution and WarnerMedia reached an agreement to allow select 20th Century Studios films be shared between Disney+, Hulu, and HBO Max through late 2022. The new agreement negotiated by Gerard Devan and John Gelke is an amendment to the original agreement between 20th Century Fox and HBO that Disney inherited after its acquisition of Fox in 2019, and as such, is not expected to be renewed. Following the end of the 20th Century-HBO deal, Disney plans to retain the 20th Century films on their own streaming platforms going forward after 2022. The first film to this new strategy was Ron's Gone Wrong. Also in 2021, Disney had launched a video game based-studio 20th Century Games. Similar to its predecessors—FoxNext, Fox Interactive and 20th Century Fox Games—it acts as a distributor and has partnered with other triple-A game studios. Its first title was Aliens: Fireteam Elite.

On February 8, 2022, Steven Spielberg's 2021 film version of West Side Story, among its seven Academy Award nominations, earned 20th Century Studios its first Best Picture nomination post-rebranding.

In March 2023, it was announced that Marvel Comics would be launching a 20th Century Studios imprint, which will release comics based on 20th Century franchises. The first comic under the label would be a Planet of the Apes comic.

On February 26, 2024, Walt Disney Pictures president Sean Bailey was announced to be stepping down, with Searchlight Pictures president David Greenbaum assuming his position. Greenbaum will lead Walt Disney Pictures and co-lead 20th Century with Steve Asbell as president.

Television
20th Television is the television production division of 20th Century Studios. It was known as 20th Century Fox Television until it adopted the 20th Television name in 2020. The original 20th Television was the studio's television syndication division until it was folded into Disney-ABC Domestic Television in 2020.

During the mid-1950s, feature films were released to television in the hope that they would broaden sponsorship and help the distribution of network programs. Blocks of one-hour programming of feature films to national sponsors on 128 stations were organized by 20th Century Fox and National Telefilm Associates. 20th Century Fox received 50% interest in the NTA Film Network after it sold its library to National Telefilm Associates. This gave 90 minutes of cleared time a week and syndicated feature films (under the package title "Premiere Performance") to 110 non-interconnected stations for sale to national sponsors.

Buyout of Four Star
Fox bought out the remaining assets of Four Star Television from Ronald Perelman's Compact Video in 1996. The majority of Four Star Television's library of programs are controlled by 20th Television today. After Murdoch's numerous buyouts during the buyout era of the eighties, News Corporation had built up financial debts of $7 billion (much from Sky TV in the UK), despite the many assets that were held by NewsCorp. The high levels of debt caused Murdoch to sell many of the American magazine interests he had acquired in the mid-1980s.

Music
Between 1933 and 1937, a custom record label called Fox Movietone was produced starting at F-100 and running through F-136. It featured songs from 20th Century Fox movies, first using material recorded and issued on Victor's Bluebird label and halfway through switched to material recorded and issued on ARC's dime store labels (Melotone, Perfect, etc.). These scarce records were sold only at Fox Theaters.

The music arm of 20th Century Fox, 20th Century Fox Records, was founded in 1958. It would go defunct in 1981.

Fox Records was the 20th Century Fox's music arm since 1992 before being renamed to Fox Music in 2000. It encompasses music publishing and licensing businesses, dealing primarily with Fox Entertainment Group's television and film soundtracks under license by Universal Music Group, EMI, Sony Music, and Warner Music Group. It would also go defunct on January 17, 2020, and was subsequently folded into Hollywood Records.

Radio
The Twentieth Century Fox Presents radio series were broadcast between 1936 and 1942. More often than not, the shows were a radio preview featuring a medley of the songs and soundtracks from the latest movie being released into the theaters, much like the modern-day movie trailers we now see on TV, to encourage folks to head down to their nearest Picture House.

The radio shows featured the original stars, with the announcer narrating a lead-up that encapsulated the performance.

Motion picture film processing
From its earliest ventures into movie production, Fox Film Corporation operated its own processing laboratories. The original lab was located in Fort Lee, New Jersey along with the studios. A lab was included with the new studio built in Los Angeles in 1916. Headed by Alan E. Freedman, the Fort Lee lab was moved into the new Fox Studios building in Manhattan in 1919. In 1932, Freedman bought the labs from Fox for $2,000,000 to bolster what at that time was a failing Fox liquidity. He renamed the operation "DeLuxe Laboratories," which much later became Deluxe Entertainment Services Group. In the 1940s Freedman sold the labs back to what was then 20th Century Fox and remained as president into the 1960s. Under Freedman's leadership, DeLuxe added two more labs in Chicago and Toronto and processed film from studios other than Fox, such as UA and Universal.

Current

 * 20th Century Family is an American family-friendly production division of 20th Century Studios. Besides family-friendly theatrical films, the division oversees mixed media (live-action with animation), family animated holiday television specials based on film properties, and film features based on TV shows. On October 30, 2017, Morrison was transferred from her post as president of 20th Century Animation, the prior Fox Family Films, to be president of a newly created 20th Century Fox division, Fox Family, which as a mandate similar to Fox Family Films. The division's president also pick up supervision of a Bob's Burgers film and some existing deals with animation producers done via Gerard Bevan and Andy Watts, including Tonko House. With the sale of 21st Century Fox to Disney in March 2019, rights to The Dam Keeper feature animated film returned to Tonko House. With the August 2019 20th Century Fox slate overhaul announcement, 20th Century Fox properties such as Star Wars, Home Alone, Night at the Museum, Diary of a Wimpy Kid, Cheaper by the Dozen, and the Ice Age spin-off have been assigned for Disney+ release and assigned to 20th Century Family. On March 12, 2020, Morrison was named president, Streaming, Walt Disney Studios Motion Picture Production to oversee live action development and production and 20th Century Studios for Disney+.
 * 20th Century Animation is an American animation studio organized as a division of 20th Century Studios, a subsidiary of Walt Disney Studios. Originally formed in 1994 as its subsidiary, it is tasked with producing feature-length films. At one point divisions were Fox Animation Studios until 2000 and Blue Sky Studios until 2021. Its successful films and franchises include Don Bluth's Anastasia, The Simpsons Movie, and Blue Sky's Ice Age and Rio film series.
 *  is an American video game licensor that was founded in 2021. Beforehand, Fox and later Disney used the standard 20th Century Fox/Studios brand for licensing video games. Before that, Fox had their own publishing division—Fox Interactive (which was best known for Croc, No One Lives Forever, The Simpsons and Futurama games) which was founded in 1994 and sold to Vivendi Universal Games in March 2003 and later dissolved in 2006.
 *  is a comic publishing company formed in March 2023 in partnership with Marvel Comics. Beforehand, Fox had its own comic division under the now-defunct Fox Atomic brand in collaboration with HarperCollins.

Former

 * Fox 2000 Pictures was an American sister studio of the larger film studios 20th Century Fox and Fox Searchlight Pictures specializing in producing independent films in mid-range releases that largely targeted mid-ranged groups. The company dissolved in May 2021 following the release of The Woman in the Window on Netflix, and the acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney in March 2019. Its successful films include Marley & Me, Life of Pi, The Fault in Our Stars, Love, Simon, Fight Club, and both Alvin and the Chipmunks and Diary of a Wimpy Kid film series.
 * 20th Digital Studio was an American web series and web films production and distribution company, founded in 2008 as a digital media, and is a subsidiary of 20th Century Studios. The division was dissolved in April 2023.
 * Fox Studios was a former group of three major movie studios, each part of the defunct Fox Entertainment Group. The three film studios were Fox Studios Australia in Sydney, Australia, Fox Studios Baja in Lower California and the oldest studio, Fox Studios in Century City, home of 20th Century Fox. Disney continues to own Fox Studios Australia, now known as Disney Studios Australia. Fox Entertainment Group sold off the Baja Studios in 2007, and the Century City studios were retained by Fox Corporation, although Disney remains a major tenant at the facility.
 * Fox VFX Lab was a former visual effects company division of 20th Century Fox that was acquired in 2017 known as Technoprops. It is led by president John Kilkenny. Besides their visual effects activities, the division oversaw different parts of the world to apply for and work on projects that include films such as Avatar, Rise of the Planet of the Apes, Alita: Battle Angel, The Jungle Book, Rogue One, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows, Doctor Strange, and Warcraft and also video game properties like Need for Speed (2015), Battlefield 1, Rainbow Six Siege, Watch Dogs 2, Just Cause 3, Rise of the Tomb Raider, Assassin's Creed Syndicate, Mafia III, Halo 4, Street Fighter V, Call of Duty (Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare and Black Ops III), Far Cry (Far Cry 5 and Primal), Mortal Kombat (X and 11), and Sonic the Hedgehog (Forces and Team Sonic Racing). In 2020, Disney merged Fox VFX Lab into Lucasfilm's Industrial Light & Magic, using the Technoprops brand for the labs technology division, the majority of employees and executives were reportedly fired.
 * Fox Atomic is a former youth-focused film production company and division of Fox Filmed Entertainment that operated from 2006 to April 2009. Atomic was originally paired with either 20th Century Fox or its Fox Searchlight division under their same, respective leadership. In late 2006, Fox Atomic was started up under Fox Searchlight head Peter Rice and COO John Hegeman as a sibling production division under Fox Filmed Entertainment. Debbie Liebling transferred to Fox Atomic in 2007 from Fox. In January 2008, Atomic's marketing unit was transferred to Fox Searchlight and 20th Century Fox, when Hegeman moved to Regency Enterprises. Debbie Liebling became president. After two middling successes and falling short with other films, the unit was shut down in April 2009. The remaining films under Atomic in production and post-productions were transferred to 20th Century Fox and Fox Searchlight with Liebling overseeing them.
 * Fox Faith is a former evangelical Christian-based film production company and division of Fox Filmed Entertainment that operated from 2006 to 2010. In addition to being paired with 20th Century Fox and Fox Searchlight, it was also paired with Fox's home video division, though has had theatrical limited release agreements with AMC Theatres and Carmike Theatres chains. Fox Faith was considered from the studio as "morally-driven, family-friendly programming," and requires them to "have overt Christian [c]ontent or be derived from the work of a Christian author." Faith was located in the Republic of Palau within the Pacific Ocean until 2010 when the company ceased operations and was formed as 20th Century Fox Palau. Its final film, Mama, I Want to Sing!, was filmed in 2009, but was shelved until 2012 due to the studio's closure.
 * 20th Century Fox Consumer Products (also known as Fox Consumer Products) is a former American merchandising company founded in 1995. it is 20th Century Fox's merchandise division. In 2019, 20th Century Fox Consumer Products was folded into Disney Consumer Products. TCFCP is the management of the rights derived from films and television series produced by the group. it used to license and market properties worldwide on behalf of 20th Century Fox, 20th Century Fox Television and FX Networks, as well as third party lines. The division was aligned with 20th Century Fox Television, the flagship studio leading the industry in supplying award-winning and blockbuster primetime television programming and entertainment content and 20th Century Fox, one of the world's largest producers and distributors of motion pictures throughout the world. 20th Century Fox Consumer Products engaged in merchandising of the Fox brand and Fox properties.
 * Fox Stage Productions is the former Broadway-style music show branch founded in June 2013 by the 21st Century Fox conglomerate. after the acquisition in 2019, Fox Stage Productions was shut down to make way for Buena Vista Theatrical on July 3, 2019.
 * Fox International Productions is the former division of 20th Century Fox (now 20th Century Studios) in charge of local production in 12 territories in China, Europe, India and Latin America from 2008 to 2017. In 2008, 20th Century Fox started Fox International Productions under president Sanford Panitch. The company had $900 million in box-office receipts by the time Panitch left the company for Sony Pictures on June 2, 2015. Co-president of worldwide theatrical marketing and distribution for 20th Century Fox Tomas Jegeus was named president of Fox International Productions effective September 1, 2015. The company struck a development and production deal in November 2015 with Zhejiang Huace, a Chinese entertainment group. In December 2017, 20th Century Fox film chairman-CEO Stacey Snider indicated that Fox International Productions would be dissolved in favor of each local and regional offices producing or acquiring projects.
 * 20th Century Fox International is the former international division of 20th Century Fox, responsible for the distribution of films outside the United States and indirectly for the distribution of home videos and DVDs.

 * Fox-Paramount Home Entertainment is a former Nordic joint venture between 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment and Paramount Home Entertainment, founded in 2013 to manage manufacturing, distribution, marketing, and sales of each studio's Blu-ray and DVD releases, as well as sales support for digital products in the Nordic region. In 2020, following the renaming for and folding of 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment (now 20th Century Home Entertainment), Fox-Paramount Home Entertainment was defunct and separated. Now home media releases for 20th Century Studios' films in Nordic are directly managed by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment, while SF Studios only releasing its own films from Paramount Pictures since July 2021.

Logo and fanfare

The 20th Century Fox production logo and fanfare originated as the logo of Twentieth Century Pictures and was adopted by 20th Century-Fox after the merger in 1935. It consists of a stacked block-letter three-dimensional, monolithic logotype (nicknamed "the Monument") surrounded by Art deco buildings and illuminated by searchlights. In the production logo that appears at the start of films, the searchlights are animated and the sequence is accompanied by a distinctive fanfare that was originally composed in 1933 by Alfred Newman. The original layout of the logo was designed by special effects animator and matte painting artist Emil Kosa Jr.

In 1953, Rocky Longo, an artist at Pacific Title, was hired to recreate the original logo design for the new CinemaScope picture process. Longo tilted the "0" in "20th" to have the logo maintain proportions in the wider CinemaScope format. Alfred Newman also re-composed the logo's fanfare with an extension to be heard during the CinemaScope logo that would follow after the Fox logo. Although the format had since declined, director George Lucas specifically requested that the CinemaScope version of the fanfare be used for the opening titles of Star Wars (1977). Additionally, the film's main theme was composed by John Williams in the same key as the fanfare (B♭ major), serving as an extension to it of sorts. In 1981, the logo was slightly altered with the re-straightening of the "0" in "20th".

In 1994, after a few failed attempts, Fox in-house television producer Kevin Burns was hired to produce a new logo for the company, this time using the then-new process of computer-generated imagery (CGI) adding more detail and animation, with the longer 21-second Fox fanfare arranged by Bruce Broughton used as the underscore, and a byline reading "A NEWS CORPORATION COMPANY". It would later be re-recorded by David Newman in 1997 and again in 1998.

In 2009, an updated logo created by Blue Sky Studios (a prototype version of the 2009 structure exists) debuted with the release of Avatar. In 2013, the News Corporation byline was removed.

On September 16, 2014, 20th Century Fox posted a video showcasing all of the various versions of the logo, plus the "William Fox Presents" version of the Fox Film logo and the 20th Century Pictures logo, including some variations, up until the 2009 version of the logo, with the 1998 re-arrangement version of the 1997 version of the fanfare composed by David Newman, to promote the new Fox Movies website.

On January 17, 2020, it was reported that Disney had begun to phase out the "Fox" name from the studio's branding as it is no longer tied to the current Fox Corporation, with 20th Century Fox and Fox Searchlight Pictures respectively renamed to 20th Century Studios and Searchlight Pictures. Branding elements associated with the studio, including the searchlights, monolith, and fanfare, will remain in use. The first film that carries the new 20th Century Studios name is The Call of the Wild (coincidentally the original film adaptation was the original Twentieth Century Pictures' final movie before its merger with Fox Film).

For the 20th Century Studios logo, its print logo debuted on a movie poster of The New Mutants while the on-screen logo debuted in a television advertisement for and the full version debuted on February 21, 2020, with the film The Call of the Wild.

The 20th Century Studios logo was animated by Picturemill (the prototype version of the 2020 structure and the 2021 structure with the 2009 sky background exists and appeared in some of Picturemill reels), based on Blue Sky Studios' animation. It features a slightly different sky backdrop, the Los Angeles skyline is larger and more detailed, and the rest of the structure appears darker with more realistic lighting.

Highest-grossing films

 * {{legend|#b6fcb6|Indicates films playing in theatres in the week commencing .|text=}}

— Includes theatrical reissue(s)

Additional sources

 * (First Edition)
 * (First Edition)

Archival sources

 * Finding aid to the Earl I. Sponable papers, 1928-1968, at Columbia University. Rare Book & Manuscript Library.

title: 20th Century Studios