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Bosnian language

Bosnian (bosanski / босански; ), sometimes referred to as Bosniak language, is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian pluricentric language mainly used by ethnic Bosniaks. Bosnian is one of three such varieties considered official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina, along with Croatian and Serbian. It is also an officially recognized minority language in Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Kosovo.

Bosnian uses both the Latin and Cyrillic alphabets, with Latin in everyday use. It is notable among the varieties of Serbo-Croatian for a number of Arabic, Persian and Ottoman Turkish loanwords, largely due to the language's interaction with those cultures through Islamic ties.

Bosnian is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian, more specifically on Eastern Herzegovinian, which is also the basis of standard Croatian, Serbian and Montenegrin varieties. Therefore, the Declaration on the Common Language of Croats, Serbs, Bosniaks and Montenegrins was issued in 2017 in Sarajevo. Until the 1990s, the common language was called Serbo-Croatian and that term is still used in English, along with "Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian" (BCMS), especially in diplomatic circles.

Alphabet
Table of the modern Bosnian alphabet in both Latin and Cyrillic, as well as with the IPA value, sorted according to Cyrilic:

Standardization

Although Bosnians are, at the level of vernacular idiom, linguistically more homogeneous than either Serbians or Croatians, unlike those nations they failed to codify a standard language in the 19th century, with at least two factors being decisive:

 * The Bosnian elite, as closely intertwined with Ottoman life, wrote predominantly in foreign (Arabic, Persian, Ottoman Turkish) languages. Vernacular literature written in Bosnian with the Arebica script was relatively thin and sparse.
 * The Bosnians' national emancipation lagged behind that of the Serbs and Croats and because denominational rather than cultural or linguistic issues played the pivotal role, a Bosnian language project did not arouse much interest or support amongst the intelligentsia of the time.

The modern Bosnian standard took shape in the 1990s and 2000s. Lexically, Islamic-Oriental loanwords are more frequent; phonetically: the phoneme /x/ (letter h) is reinstated in many words as a distinct feature of vernacular Bosniak speech and language tradition; also, there are some changes in grammar, morphology and orthography that reflect the Bosniak pre-World War I literary tradition, mainly that of the Bosniak renaissance at the beginning of the 20th century.

Controversy and recognition
The name "Bosnian language" is a controversial issue for some Croats and Serbs, who also refer to it as the "Bosniak" language (bošnjački, ). Bosniak linguists however insist that the only legitimate name is "Bosnian" language (bosanski) and that that is the name that both Croats and Serbs should use. The controversy arises because the name "Bosnian" may seem to imply that it is the language of all Bosnians, while Bosnian Croats and Serbs reject that designation for their idioms.

The language is called Bosnian language in the 1995 Dayton Accords and is concluded by observers to have received legitimacy and international recognition at the time.

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO), United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN) and the Permanent Committee on Geographical Names (PCGN) recognize the Bosnian language. Furthermore, the status of the Bosnian language is also recognized by bodies such as the United Nations, UNESCO and translation and interpreting accreditation agencies, including internet translation services.

Most English-speaking language encyclopedias (Routledge, Glottolog, Ethnologue, etc.) register the language solely as "Bosnian" language. The Library of Congress registered the language as "Bosnian" and gave it an ISO-number. The Slavic language institutes in English-speaking countries offer courses in "Bosnian" or "Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian" language, not in "Bosniak" language (e.g. Columbia, Cornell, Chicago, Washington, Kansas). The same is the case in German-speaking countries, where the language is taught under the name Bosnisch, not Bosniakisch (e.g. Vienna, Graz, Trier) with very few exceptions.

Some Croatian linguists (Zvonko Kovač, Ivo Pranjković, Josip Silić) support the name "Bosnian" language, whereas others (Radoslav Katičić, Dalibor Brozović, Tomislav Ladan) hold that the term Bosnian language is the only one appropriate and that accordingly the terms Bosnian language and Bosniak language refer to two different things. The Croatian state institutions, such as the Central Bureau of Statistics, use both terms: "Bosniak" language was used in the 2001 census, while the census in 2011 used the term "Bosnian" language.

The majority of Serbian linguists hold that the term Bosniak language is the only one appropriate, which was agreed as early as 1990.

The original form of The Constitution of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina called the language "Bosniac language", until 2002 when it was changed in Amendment XXIX of the Constitution of the Federation by Wolfgang Petritsch. The original text of the Constitution of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina was agreed in Vienna and was signed by Krešimir Zubak and Haris Silajdžić on March 18, 1994.

The constitution of Republika Srpska, the Serb-dominated entity within Bosnia and Herzegovina, did not recognize any language or ethnic group other than Serbian. Bosniaks were mostly expelled from the territory controlled by the Serbs from 1992, but immediately after the war they demanded the restoration of their civil rights in those territories. The Bosnian Serbs refused to make reference to the Bosnian language in their constitution and as a result had constitutional amendments imposed by High Representative Wolfgang Petritsch. However, the constitution of Republika Srpska refers to it as the Language spoken by Bosniaks, because the Serbs were required to recognise the language officially, but wished to avoid recognition of its name.

Serbia includes the Bosnian language as an elective subject in primary schools. Montenegro officially recognizes the Bosnian language: its 2007 Constitution specifically states that although Montenegrin is the official language, Serbian, Bosnian, Albanian and Croatian are also in official use.

Historical usage of the term

 * In the work Skazanie izjavljenno o pismeneh that was written between 1423 and 1426, the Bulgarian chronicler Constantine the Philosopher, in parallel with the Bulgarian, Serbian, Slovenian, Czech and Croatian, he also mentions the Bosnian language.
 * The notary book of the town of Kotor from July 3, 1436, recounts a duke buying a girl that is described as a: "Bosnian woman, heretic and in the Bosnian language called Djevena".
 * The work Thesaurus Polyglottus, published in Frankfurt am Main in 1603 by the German historian and linguist Hieronymus Megiser, mentions the Bosnian dialect alongside the Dalmatian, Croatian and Serbian one.
 * The Bosnian Franciscan Matija Divković, regarded as the founder of the modern literature of Bosnia and Herzegovina, asserts in his work Nauk krstjanski za narod slovinski ("The Christian doctrine for the Slavic peoples") from 1611 his "translation from Latin to the real and true Bosnian language" (A privideh iz dijačkog u pravi i istinit jezik bosanski)
 * Bosniak poet and Aljamiado writer Muhamed Hevaji Uskufi Bosnevi who refers to the language of his 1632 dictionary Magbuli-arif as Bosnian.
 * One of the first grammarians, the Jesuit clergyman Bartol Kašić calls the language used in his work from 1640 Ritual rimski ('Roman Rite') as naški ('our language') or bosanski ('Bosnian'). He used the term "Bosnian" even though he was born in a Chakavian region: instead he decided to adopt a "common language" (lingua communis) based on a version of Shtokavian Ikavian.
 * The Croatian linguist Jakov Mikalja (1601–1654) who states in his dictionary Blagu jezika slovinskoga (Thesaurus lingue Illyricae) from 1649 that he wants to include "the most beautiful words" adding that "of all Illyrian languages the Bosnian is the most beautiful", and that all Illyrian writers should try to write in that language.
 * 18th century Bosniak chronicler Mula Mustafa Bašeskija who argues in his yearbook of collected Bosnian poems that the "Bosnian language" is much richer than the Arabic, because there are 45 words for the verb "to go" in Bosnian.
 * The Venetian writer, naturalist and cartographer Alberto Fortis (1741–1803) calls in his work Viaggio in Dalmazia ("Journey to Dalmatia") the language of Morlachs as Illyrian, Morlach and Bosnian.
 * The Croatian writer and lexicographer Matija Petar Katančić published six volumes of biblical translations in 1831 described as being "transferred from Slavo-Illyrian to the pronunciation of the Bosnian language".
 * Croatian writer Matija Mažuranić refers in the work Pogled u Bosnu (1842) to the language of Bosnians as Illyrian (a 19th-century synonym to South Slavic languages) mixed with Turkish words, with a further statement that they are the speakers of the Bosniak language.
 * The Bosnian Franciscan Ivan Franjo Jukić states in his work Zemljopis i Poviestnica Bosne (1851) that Bosnia was the only Turkish land (i.e. under the control of the Ottoman Empire) that remained entirely pure without Turkish speakers, both in the villages and so on the highlands. Further he states "[...] a language other than the Bosnian is not spoken [in Bosnia], the greatest Turkish [i.e. Muslim] gentlemen only speak Turkish when they are at the Vizier".
 * Ivan Kukuljević Sakcinski, a 19th-century Croatian writer and historian, stated in his work Putovanje po Bosni (Travels into Bosnia) from 1858, how the 'Turkish' (i.e. Muslim) Bosniaks, despite converting to the Muslim faith, preserved their traditions and the Slavic mood, and that they speak the purest variant of the Bosnian language, by refusing to add Turkish words to their vocabulary.

Differences between Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian
The differences between the Bosnian, Serbian, and Croatian literary standards are minimal. Although Bosnian employs more Turkish, Persian, and Arabic loanwords—commonly called orientalisms—mainly in its spoken variety due to the fact that most Bosnian speakers are Muslims, it is still very similar to both Serbian and Croatian in its written and spoken form. "Lexical differences between the ethnic variants are extremely limited, even when compared with those between closely related Slavic languages (such as standard Czech and Slovak, Bulgarian and Macedonian), and grammatical differences are even less pronounced. More importantly, complete understanding between the ethnic variants of the standard language makes translation and second language teaching impossible."

The Bosnian language, as a new normative register of the Shtokavian dialect, was officially introduced in 1996 with the publication of Pravopis bosanskog jezika in Sarajevo. According to that work, Bosnian differed from Serbian and Croatian on some main linguistic characteristics, such as: sound formats in some words, especially "h" (kahva versus Serbian kafa); substantial and deliberate usage of Oriental ("Turkish") words; spelling of future tense (kupit ću) as in Croatian but not Serbian (kupiću) (both forms have the same pronunciation). 2018, in the new issue of Pravopis bosanskog jezika, words without "h" are accepted due to their prevalence in language practice.

Sample text
Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Bosnian, written in the Cyrillic script:
 * Сва људска бића рађају се слободна и једнака у достојанству и правима. Она су обдарена разумом и свијешћу и треба да једно према другоме поступају у духу братства.

Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Bosnian, written in the Latin alphabet:
 * Sva ljudska bića rađaju se slobodna i jednaka u dostojanstvu i pravima. Ona su obdarena razumom i sviješću i treba da jedno prema drugome postupaju u duhu bratstva.

Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in English:
 * All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Sources and further reading

 * (COBISS-BH).
 * (ÖNB).
 * (COBISS-BH).
 * (ÖNB).
 * (ÖNB).

title: Bosnian language


text:
Financial instrument

Financial instruments are monetary contracts between parties. They can be created, traded, modified and settled. They can be cash (currency), evidence of an ownership interest in an entity or a contractual right to receive or deliver in the form of currency (forex); debt (bonds, loans); equity (shares); or derivatives (options, futures, forwards).

International Accounting Standards IAS 32 and 39 define a financial instrument as "any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity".

Financial instruments may be categorized by "asset class" depending on whether they are foreign exchange-based (reflecting foreign exchange instruments and transactions), equity-based (reflecting ownership of the issuing entity) or debt-based (reflecting a loan the investor has made to the issuing entity). If the instrument is debt it can be further categorized into short-term (less than one year) or long-term.

Types
Financial instruments can be either cash instruments or derivative instruments:
 * Cash instruments – instruments whose value is determined directly by the markets. They can be securities, which are readily transferable, and instruments such as loans and deposits, where both borrower and lender have to agree on a transfer.
 * Derivative instruments – instruments which derive their value from the value and characteristics of one or more underlying entities such as an asset, index, or interest rate. They can be exchange-traded derivatives and over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives. Some of the more common derivatives include forwards, futures, options, swaps, and variations of these such as synthetic collateralized debt obligations and credit default swaps.

Some instruments defy categorization into the above matrix, for example repurchase agreements.

Measuring gain or loss
The gain or loss on a financial instrument is as follows:

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Financial instrument


text:
Talk:Lubbock, Texas

Comments
I'm not going to make a big deal out of Oliver's misunderstanding of the use of links, but the idea that somehow Lubbock County, Texas is somehow preferable is debatable. -- Zoe

Sorry, but I prefer it too. The reason we started to put the state after the county and town was for disambiguation. I don't see why we can't have a link to the state too. I've been doing it in my articles. Danny 03:40 Feb 2, 2003 (UTC)

I don't see any problem with including a link to the state, but I DO see a problem with hiding the real link. -- Zoe

It's what we do with most cases of disambiguation. For example, county would look silly if we left the full title of the "county (England)" showing in the article. I know that's not quite the same thing, but it demonstrates that hiding the full title of the article is not always a Bad Thing. In the example under discussion, it would be obvious from the context that the Lubbock being linked to was the one in Texas, from the following word, and anyone who wants to see the article title in full can always go to the article to have a look. -- Oliver P. 03:52 Feb 2, 2003 (UTC)

I believe that the 4th on Broadway event has been disbanded (it didn't happen this year). You also forgot to mention Prarie Dog Town (one of the local attractions!). :) :)
 * 4th on Broadway has been held every year since 1991. Bill Curnow 04:08, 14 April 2006 (UTC)

Hmm, Berkeley%2C_California also claims to be the city in the US with the most churches per-capita. Seems like wikipedia shouldn't have two articles that conflict like that. Mk2337 20:43, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

I am confused as to the reference of the 2004 US Census, as the census only occurs every 10 years, the next one taking place in 2010, and the previous in 2000. Tentonbricks 18:26, 28 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, you're correct that the US Census occurs every 10 years but they also did an estimate of an US city's total and MSA population in 2004 if you visit their website. Someone didn't clarified that in the article which is technically wrong. Good thing you catch that. --Don Vito Corleone 18:58, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

As a survivor of the 1970 Tornado and a long time storm spotter the Tornado had to of been and F-3, it was in no way an F-5. I have seen a couple of debris trails from F-5s and I don’t think the1970 tornado measured up… [ User:rdcole June 24th 2006 ]

In the "People and Culture" section, you have a comment regarding an episode of "The Simpsons" which appears to disparage the MS National Guard and The League of Women Voters. Although I hate to be the 'wet rag' that spoils your amusement, I find this paragraph to be non-encyclopedic, offensive, and at the very least, not maintaining "a neutral, unbiased point of view". --OutOfWhack (talk) 17:34, 29 November 2011 (UTC)

 * I think that that paragraph is appropriate for this article. The fact is that Lubbock is mentioned on national television from time to time in a way that pokes fun at it.  We have learned to enjoy this, whether it was Johnny Carson saying that "Lubbock" sounds like what a bullfrog says, or Mike on All in the Family accidentally getting the Lubbock sheriff's office as a wrong number and hearing that there are chickens loose on the highway.  I always enjoyed saying to out-of-town visitors that I would take them to see the sight (singular), by which, of course, I meant the prarie dog town.  Sterrettc (talk) 20:09, 29 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Fair enough. In Mississippi, there is a perpetual disrespect of OUR "People and Culture", which disrespect has collectively come at a price greater than that of a "friendly wink and a jab to the shoulder", and has helped to leave us weary of such attention.  Perhaps I missed the humor or have just become stodgy in my years.  Nevertheless, I believe that your fine article for Lubbock can be improved by removing just the last sentence of "that paragraph", as it really doesn't have anything to do with Lubbock nor does it improve on the humor of "that paragraph".  The decision is yours; I don't beat horses--dead or alive ;-).  --OutOfWhack (talk) 11:03, 30 November 2011 (UTC)

Removal of reference to "North Englewood Lubbock"
There was a small article attached to this that made references to an area in Lubbock called "North Englewood". I couldn't seem to place that area, and I know without a doubt that it is NOT the second largest hangout for students. If anyone knows any differently please post or correct the article. I'm going to assume that it must have been someone looking for free advertising. BoogerManus 02:36, 8 November 2006 (UTC)
 * North Englewood is probably a typo for North Overton. There has been some serious gentrification in Lubbock since the late 1990's that is not at all covered in this article, and North Overton has been the epicenter of this gentrification. I'd really like to see more information about all these changes in the article, if anyone knows more details.RobertLM78 21 December 2012 (MT).  —Preceding undated comment added 19:38, 21 December 2012 (UTC)

Lubbock has some of the highest teen pregnancy and STD rates in the nation.
People should know what they are dealing with.

 * Irrelevant Comment, I am not sure if this comment can be removed. 202.70.205.133 12:20, 27 April 2007 (UTC)

Highest teen pregnancy rates by county (latest data) would be Ector, TX - NE of Houston - not Lubbock. Rklawton 14:35, 27 April 2007 (UTC)

need to add that the largest, private collection of records from the vietnam war is in Lubbock at TTU.
Was just hoping that someone would add that the largest private collection of documents, photographs, etc. from the Vietnam War is in Lubbock at Texas Tech University. 24.32.40.184 00:01, 11 May 2007 (UTC) Sgt. Keith M. Anderson, US Army Public Affairs NCO, 4th Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division, Fort Polk, Louisiana. (I'm from Lubbock.)

 * The information is already included in the Texas Tech article. Do you think it's appropriate for this article, too? --Wordbuilder 01:05, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

Illegal orange shirts?
Could someone please provide a valid reference that confirms the statement that orange shirts are illegal in Lubbock? Sounds fishy but okay to remain if someone has evidence. Thanks. Truthanado 08:15, 30 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Seems like I reverted that nonsense once in the past. Ah well, it's gone now. --Wordbuilder 13:38, 30 May 2007 (UTC)

Little League World Series
Does anyone want to add information about Lubbock playing in the Little League World Series this year? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Pygmypony (talk • contribs) 21:34, August 25, 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes. This is just as just as notable as a Major League team competing in the World Series. If you don't have a chance to add it, then I will. →Wordbuilder 23:49, 25 August 2007 (UTC)

Hello people!!!!!!
This really helped me alot on my project!!!!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 165.95.18.61 (talk) 16:07, 11 October 2007 (UTC)

Hub City
From a geographical perspective, Lubbock's Hub City status may also be attributable to the layout of major regional highways coming together at Lubbock. The city is the hub of an array of highways acting as spokes drawing in outlying citizens to its urban resources (which are cultural, economic, medical, etc). Also of interest in the fact that in the region those roadways are named for the places to which they go from Lubbock one may travel the Tahoka Highway to Tahoka or the Leveland Highway to Leveland. In those towns traveling to Lubbock one travels the Lubbock Highway.... There is also Buffalo Lakes Road, etc. Emergency Response addressing may lead to a cultural shift away from such nomenclature. Dw5 (talk) 01:56, 16 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Interesting. If you have sources for this, add it to the article. Otherwise, it's original research. →Wordbuilder (talk) 03:53, 16 December 2007 (UTC)

Worst teeth in the U.S.
http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080313/ap_on_he_me/worst_teeth --Xyzzyplugh (talk) 20:18, 14 March 2008 (UTC)

Ranking
Both the Amarillo and Lubbock pages say that those cities are the 12th largest in Texas67.170.87.150 (talk) 03:56, 20 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Fixed. Thanks! →Wordbuilder (talk) 04:39, 20 December 2008 (UTC)

Alcohol petition
whats up with the alcohol petition part? was some PAC trying to re-do prohibition? 18k signatures were required,and 25k were gathered...to do what? ban it? provide it free of charge? I hate communists and socialist, and am severly biased against regular consumer/citizens who have been brainwashed by them... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.16.68.19 (talk) 04:38, 22 July 2009 (UTC)
 * As far as alcohol was concerned, Lubbock was dry. There was a successful move to make it wet. Are you confused by the wording of the article? If so, please let me know and I will try to clarify the text. →Wordbuilder (talk) 14:24, 22 July 2009 (UTC)
 * As the editor who wrote the majority of the prose in that section, I am always looking for ways to improve its readability. I have reworded that sentence to make it a little more clear. If you have any more suggestions, please let us know. Thanks! --Voltin (talk) 15:54, 22 July 2009 (UTC)

Tallest buildings
The listing of tallest buildings in Lubbock is wrong because it does not list the Business College office tower and the Architecture Building on the TTU campus. They are both 10 stories high and taller than the Landmark Building. Is TTU in Lubbock? Either put a disclaimer or change the list. I don't know how to do this. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.151.26.75 (talk) 18:31, 16 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Texas Tech is in Lubbock, so you may have a point. I'm not sure who did the research for the tallest building portion. It was merged from another article. →Wordbuilder (talk) 20:05, 16 August 2009 (UTC)

Population
In July 2012 several edits were made to Lubbock's population in the article revising the 2010 census figures of ~229,000 resident up to ~256,000. The 2011 census estimates for the city are ~233,000 but I cannot find anything that supports the 256,000 for 2012. Estimates are usually made the following year (2011 estimates came out in March 2012), so such a figure would be a prediction. Fredlyfish4 (talk) 23:18, 3 August 2012 (UTC)
 * If it's not cited, feel free to use a figure that is backed up by a reliable, third-party source. →Wordbuilder (talk) 00:43, 4 August 2012 (UTC)

Threat of Invasion from the United Nations
I was shocked to learn that Lubbock and its environs are under imminent threat of invasion from the United Nations. The horrifying facts were laid out in earnest by the presiding Judge, Tom Head. To wit:

Official Stirs Texas City With Talk of Rebellion Judge Wants Tax Increase To Defend Against (Possible) Civil War

I feel some mention should be made of plans to defend the city against the threat of U.N. Invasion. This is a very serious matter, apparently. george (talk) 04:34, 8 December 2012 (UTC)

Just as a follow up, as we entered 2013 I noticed that Lubbock and its environs remain unmolested by United Nations troops, no doubt due to the watchful and dutiful Judge Head. So at this time, I feel that the threat is contained and need not be mentioned in the article. george (talk) 21:59, 3 January 2013 (UTC)

Structure
Hi. I'm going through all the US Cities (as per List of United States cities by population) in an effort to provide some uniformity in structure. Anyone have an issue with me restructuring this article as per WikiProject Cities/US Guideline. I won't be changing any content, merely the order. Occasionally, I will also move a picture just to clean up spacing issues. I've already gone through the top 20 or so on the above list, if you'd like to see how they turned out. Thoughts? Onel5969 (talk) 16:28, 12 March 2014 (UTC)

Notable people section
I removed Todd Mankin form this section because he does not have his own Wikipedia page which is required to establish notability per Wikipedia guidelines. Thanks --BuzyBody (talk) 20:42, 31 May 2014 (UTC)

Lubbock, 'Old Lubbock', Monterey
As far as I can tell 'Old Lubbock' (North Town) and Monterey moved to a completely new site, on the south side of Yellow House canyon (the same side as Monterey). At the moment the Wiki article says that 'Old Lubbock' moved to the site of Monterey. Another point; was the town on the north of the canyon ever called 'Old Lubbock' or was it called Lubbock and also North Town? My feeling is that the name 'Old Lubbock' may be just an editorial convenience to describe North Town/Lubbock.

http://www.visitlubbock.org/visit/Lubbock+History http://lubbocktv.com/history/ http://www.depts.ttu.edu/museumttu/HISTORY%20OF%20LUBBOCK%20KITrev.pdf https://www.co.lubbock.tx.us/department/division.php?fDD=13-66 http://lubbockonline.com/stories/060505/lif_225345.shtml http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jIhGFG1FHa4 http://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.ct.031 (note, one section is duplicated) http://www.ttuhsc.edu/som/immunology/prospective_students/lubbocklife.aspx http://www.lubbockcentennial.com/Landmarks/122108.shtml http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=MB47NPcPOxEC&pg=PA15&lpg=PA15&dq=old+lubbock&source=bl&ots=mhVf70YA0q&sig=a9UA35cluXSPlTAUcEnN8NULVpw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KGpyVO7OE9bYaovMgIAE&ved=0CCcQ6AEwATiMAQ#v=onepage&q=old%20lubbock&f=false (book extract: Historic Lubbock County)

CPES (talk) 21:23, 22 November 2014 (UTC)

I have edited the article to take care of the above while maintaining the spirit of the previous text. CPES (talk) 01:32, 23 November 2014 (UTC)

USPS?
"The United States Postal Service operates post offices in Lubbock." Is this sentence really worth retaining? It seems rather facetious, but I'm actually not sure if it might indeed be notable in a Texas context. If so, it seems like a clarifying citation might be needed - yes/no? jxm (talk) 02:08, 5 April 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 5 one external links on Lubbock, Texas. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20140629060454/http://www.ttuhsc.edu/laurawbushinstitute/lubbock/community.aspx to http://www.ttuhsc.edu/laurawbushinstitute/lubbock/community.aspx
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20110714142817/http://www.myfoxlubbock.com/myfox/pages/Home/Detail?contentId=7191012&version=2&locale=EN-US&layoutCode=TSTY&pageId=1.1.1&sflg=1 to http://www.myfoxlubbock.com/myfox/pages/Home/Detail?contentId=7191012&version=2&locale=EN-US&layoutCode=TSTY&pageId=1.1.1&sflg=1
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20110926122729/http://www.tdcj.state.tx.us:80/parole/parole-directory/paroledir-rgnldisparoff5.htm to http://www.tdcj.state.tx.us/parole/parole-directory/paroledir-rgnldisparoff5.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20121005232057/http://txdot.gov/contact_us/west_region.htm to http://www.txdot.gov/contact_us/west_region.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20121005231919/http://txdot.gov/local_information/lubbock_district/contact_us.htm to http://www.txdot.gov/local_information/lubbock_district/contact_us.htm

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Timeline
What is missing from the recently created city timeline article? Please add relevant content! Contributions welcome. Thank you. -- M2545 (talk) 14:14, 2 July 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

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Requested move 23 December 2018

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: not moved. Closing early per WP:SNOW  Calidum   06:28, 29 December 2018 (UTC)

}

Lubbock, Texas → Lubbock – Is the primary topic, no other Lubbocks either.  IWI  ( chat ) 15:36, 23 December 2018 (UTC)
 * There are others such as the crater, surname, album and Mount Lubbock this is clearly primary by views [|Mount_Lubbock|Lubbock_(crater)|Lubbock_(surname)|Lubbock_(On_Everything)] getting nearly 100x the views of the other uses of "Lubbock". If we took into account that some of the other uses like the school are subtopics per WP:DABCONCEPT it would be even higher (although the USPLACE argument may discount some views). However USPLACE probably requires the state to be included even though I don't think its necessary.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 16:16, 23 December 2018 (UTC)
 * USPLACE is only a guideline.  IWI  ( chat ) 16:24, 23 December 2018 (UTC)
 * I'm fine with the move, although I knew it would be opposed under USPLACE.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 20:04, 23 December 2018 (UTC)

 * Oppose, it is named as such due to Wp:USPLACE. As long as it exists, the current name and redirect are appropriate. © Tb hotch ™ (en-2.5). 18:33, 23 December 2018 (UTC)
 * Oppose. WP:USPLACE. Rreagan007 (talk) 19:29, 23 December 2018 (UTC)
 * Oppose per above. No reason to violate consistency for a city as relatively obscure as this. Nohomersryan (talk) 21:38, 23 December 2018 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:Lubbock, Texas


text:
The Sin of Madelon Claudet

The Sin of Madelon Claudet is a 1931 American pre-Code drama film directed by Edgar Selwyn and starring Helen Hayes. The screenplay by Charles MacArthur and Ben Hecht was adapted from the play The Lullaby by Edward Knoblock. It tells the story of a wrongly imprisoned woman who turns to theft and prostitution in order to support her son.

Plot
When neglected wife Alice (Karen Morley) decides to leave her doctor husband Lawrence (Robert Young), his friend Dr. Dulac (Jean Hersholt) stops her and tells her the life story of another woman, the French Madelon Claudet (born May 7, 1878) (Helen Hayes), who was persuaded by her American boyfriend, artist Larry Maynard (Neil Hamilton), to run away with him. Eventually, he has to return to the U.S. because his father is sick. Once there however, he betrays her and marries a woman whom his parents approve of. Unbeknownst to him, Madelon gives birth to a son. When her lover does not come back, her father (Russ Powell) gets her to agree to marry Hubert (Alan Hale), a farmer. However, when she refuses to give up her illegitimate son, Hubert and her father abandon her. She becomes the mistress of an older acquaintance, Count Carlo Boretti (Lewis Stone), while her friends Rosalie (Marie Prevost) and Victor Lebeau (Cliff Edwards) care for the boy. After a while, Carlo proposes marriage and Madelon accepts. However, when they go out to celebrate, he is arrested as a jewel thief. He manages to commit suicide, but Madelon is sentenced to ten years in prison as his accomplice, even though she is innocent.

When she finally is released in 1919, she goes to see her teenage son Lawrence, now living at a state boarding school. A conversation with the school's doctor proves crucial. Dr. Dulac reveals that because his father was a criminal, he cannot get better work elsewhere. Determined not to become a similar burden to her own child, she tells her son that she is an old friend of his mother, and that his mother is dead. Madelon is determined to finance Lawrence's medical education, but with the end of World War I, millions of Frenchmen are released from the army and jobs are scarce. When a man mistakes her for a prostitute, she takes up the profession. As she ages and loses her looks, she is forced to steal as well, but finally, her goal is realized, and Lawrence receives his degree.

Aged and destitute, she decides to give up her freedom and commit herself to state charity, but visits her son one last time, pretending to be a patient. When she leaves, she encounters Dr. Dulac, who recognizes her and persuades his friend Dr. Claudet, still unaware of her true identity, to provide for her. After hearing of the woman's self-sacrifice, Alice Claudet suggests to Lawrence he invite Madelon to live with them.

Cast

 * Helen Hayes as Madelon Claudet
 * Lewis Stone as Carlo Boretti
 * Neil Hamilton as Larry Maynard
 * Cliff Edwards as Victor Lebeau
 * Jean Hersholt as Dr. Dulac
 * Marie Prevost as Rosalie Lebeau
 * Robert Young as Dr. Lawrence Claudet
 * Karen Morley as Alice Claudet
 * Charles Winninger as M. Novella, Photographer
 * Alan Hale as Hubert
 * Halliwell Hobbes as Roget, Boretti's Butler
 * Lennox Pawle as Felix St. Jacques
 * Russ Powell as Monsieur Claudet
 * Frankie Darro as young Lawrence Claudet as a boy (uncredited)

Production
The film originally was titled The Lullaby. Following its first preview, it was panned by critics, who were impressed by Hayes in her sound film debut after a couple of silent films, but thought the plot was conventional and sappy. Producer Irving Thalberg called in playwright Charles MacArthur, who was Hayes' husband, to doctor the script. He thoroughly revised it, omitting inconsequential characters and framing the story as a flashback.

Hayes had begun filming Arrowsmith for Samuel Goldwyn and had to complete that project before shooting her new scenes for the Thalberg film. It was retitled The Sin of Madelon Claudet and opened to widespread acclaim for both Hayes and the film itself. The score included the song "Adios amor".

The film was voted one of the ten best pictures of the year by a Film Daily nationwide poll.

Reception
In his review in The New York Times, Mordaunt Hall wrote "[Helen Hayes'] superb portrayal in a difficult role leaves only the regret that the powers that be did not see fit to have her make her screen début in a more cheerful study...The Sin of Madelon Claudet is a sorrowful chronicle which will undoubtedly have a strong popular appeal. It is endowed with other commendable impersonations...[and] also has the benefit of Edgar Selwyn's expert direction."

Time magazine wrote that the film was "remarkable because in it Helen Hayes appears in cinema for the first time and because it succeeds in its intention — to make audiences weep...By ceasing entirely to be Helen Hayes and becoming instead the woman whose life story she portrays, Cinemactress Hayes makes the familiarity of the story double its sadness...The picture is well directed by Edgar Selwyn [and] splendidly acted by the rest of the cast."

TV Guide rates the film four stars and calls it a "well-acted soaper".

Awards

 * Academy Award for Best Actress - Helen Hayes
 * Venice Film Festival Audience Referendum for Favorite Actress - Helen Hayes
 * Venice Film Festival Audience Referendum for Most Touching Film - Edgar Selwyn

title: The Sin of Madelon Claudet