text:
Frederick VII of Denmark

Frederick VII (Frederik Carl Christian; 6 October 1808 – 15 November 1863) was King of Denmark from 1848 to 1863. He was the last Danish monarch of the older Royal branch of the House of Oldenburg and the last king of Denmark to rule as an absolute monarch. During his reign, he signed a constitution that established a Danish parliament and made the country a constitutional monarchy. Frederick's motto was Folkets Kærlighed, min Styrke (Danish for the People's Love, my Strength).

Early life
The future King Frederick VII was born at 11 a.m. on 6 October 1808 at his parents' residence Levetzau's Palace, an 18th-century palace which forms part of the Amalienborg Palace complex in central Copenhagen. Born into the House of Oldenburg, the royal house which had ruled Denmark since its foundation there in the 15th century, he was the second, but eldest surving, child to the then Prince Christian Frederick of Denmark, the future King Christian VIII, and his first wife Duchess Charlotte Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. His maternal grandparents were Friedrich Franz I, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and Luise, Duchess of Saxe-Gotha.

The young prince was baptised on 17 October by the royal confessor Nicolai Edinger Balle, Bishop of Zealand, with the names Frederik Carl Christian. To his mother, he was always known as Fritz.

Marriages
The king's first two marriages both ended in scandal and divorce. He was first married in Copenhagen on 1 November 1828 to his second cousin Princess Vilhelmine Marie of Denmark, a daughter of King Frederick VI of Denmark. They separated in 1834 and divorced in 1837. On 10 June 1841 he married for a second time to Duchess Caroline Charlotte Mariane of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, whom he divorced in 1846. On 7 August 1850 in Frederiksborg Palace, he morganatically married Louise Christina Rasmussen, whom he created Landgravine Danner in 1850 (Lensgrevinde Danner), a milliner and former ballet dancer who had for many years been his acquaintance or mistress, the natural daughter of Gotthilf L. Køppen and of Juliane Caroline Rasmussen. This marriage seems to have been happy, although it aroused great moral indignation among the nobility and the bourgeoisie. Rasmussen was denounced as a vulgar gold digger by her enemies, but viewed as an unaffected daughter of the people by her admirers and seems to have had a stabilizing effect on him. She also worked at maintaining his popularity by letting him meet the people of the provinces.

Extramarital relations and possible offspring
The expectation that Frederick would not likely produce offspring, despite numerous affairs, was widespread, but sources rarely state the reasons. Some speculate that Frederick was infertile. During the reign of Frederick's father, Christian VIII, the succession question was already being brought forward. (See below: Succession crisis)

It has been claimed that Frederick did indeed father a son, Frederik Carl Christian Poulsen, born on 21 November 1843, as a result of his relationship with Else Maria Guldborg Pedersen (also referred to as Marie Poulsen), which took place after his first two unhappy marriages. This was first asserted in 1994. In 2009, a Danish woman, Else Margrethe ('Gete') Bondo Oldenborg Maaløe claimed to be the great-granddaughter of Frederik VII through Frederik Carl. Maaloe possesses four letters from Frederick to Marie Poulsen acknowledging paternity; these are quoted in her book, published in 2009. In all cases, however, extramarital offspring were and still are barred from the line of succession.

It has been claimed Frederick had a same-sex relationship with his friend, Carl Berling (1812–1871), publisher and owner of the newspaper Berlingske Tidende. The bisexual Berling had an illegitimate child with Louise Rasmussen, Carl Christian (1841–1908). Carl Christian was much liked by the King, to the extent that he insisted on signing the new constitution on Carl Christian's 8th birthday on 5 June 1849. To retain a tinge of decency, the King married Louise Rasmussen and the trio then moved into the royal castle, where Berling was appointed Chamberlain and remained until 1861. The public indignation within higher circles over Frederick's morganatic marriage is well-known, but reasons have rarely been explained in detail.

Reign
Frederick, who was the last king of the older branch of the Oldenburg dynasty, had a rather neglected childhood after the divorce of his parents. His youth was marked by private scandals and for many years he appeared as the problem child of the royal family. When he succeeded to the throne in January 1848, he was almost at once met by the demands for a constitution. The Schleswig-Holsteiners wanted an independent state while the Danes wished to maintain South Jutland as a Danish area. The king soon yielded to the Danish demands, and in March he accepted the end of absolutism, which resulted in the June Constitution of 1849. During the First War of Schleswig against the German powers in 1848–51, Frederick appeared as ”the national leader" and was regarded almost as a war hero, despite having never taken any active part in the struggles.

During his reign, Frederick on the whole behaved as a constitutional monarch. He did not, however, quite give up interfering in politics. In 1854, he contributed to the fall of the strongly conservative Ørsted cabinet, and in 1859–60, he accepted a liberal government appointed on the initiative of his wife. During the crisis in the Duchies in 1862–63, shortly before his death, he spoke openly for an inter-Scandinavian military co-operation. Those minor crises created frictions and maintained some permanent insecurity, but did not damage his general popularity. In some of these affairs, he overstepped the mark beyond any doubt; on the other hand, the first Danish constitution was somewhat vague as regards to the limits of royal power.

Frederick's rule also witnessed the heyday of the National Liberal Party, which was in office from 1854. This period was marked by some political and economic reforms, such as the beginning of the demolition of the walls around Copenhagen and, in 1857, the introduction of free trade. The constant quarrels with the opposition regarding the Schleswig-Holstein Question and German demands that Denmark not try to unite with Schleswig (South Jutland) led to some changes to the constitution in order to fit the foreign political situation, which created frustration in Denmark. The National Liberals therefore at last favored a more resistant course against the Germans, which led to the Second War of Schleswig in 1864. The king wholeheartedly supported this course and just before his sudden death he was prepared to sign a new special constitution for Denmark and Schleswig (the so-called November Constitution).

Succession crisis
Frederick was married three times, but he produced no legitimate issue. The fact that he reached middle age without producing an heir meant that his second cousin Prince Christian of Glücksburg (1818–1906), the paternal descendant of Christian III, was chosen as his heir-presumptive in 1852. When Frederick died in 1863, Christian took the throne as Christian IX.

Nationalism in the German-speaking parts of Schleswig-Holstein meant that there was no consensus to keep the duchies united under the Danish crown, internationally or within the duchies themselves. The duchies were inherited according to Salic law among the descendants of a past heiress, Hedvig of Holstein, whose heir according to primogeniture after King Frederick VII was Frederick, Duke of Augustenburg (who proclaimed himself Duke of Schleswig-Holstein after Frederick VII's death). This Frederick of Augustenburg had become the symbol of the nationalist German independence movement in Schleswig-Holstein since the time that his father, in exchange for compensation, had renounced his claims as first in line to inherit the twin Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein following the London Protocol of 8 May 1852, which concluded the First War of Schleswig. Because of his father's renunciation, Frederick was regarded as ineligible to succeed.

Denmark was (up until 1953) also under Salic Law, but only among descendants of Frederick III (who was the first hereditary monarch of Denmark; previously the kingdom had been, officially, elective). But Frederick VII was the last of Frederick III's male line, therefore, his nearest kinsmen in the male-line, the Schleswig-Holstein ducal lines of Augustenborg and Glücksburg (cadet branches of Denmark's earlier, non-hereditary kings), were not entitled to succeed to Denmark's throne, although they retained hereditary claims to the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein. Upon Frederick VII's death, Denmark's throne could devolve to or through a female heir according to "semi-Salic" succession. There were, however, conflicting interpretations of that provision and of Denmark's claim to its applicability to the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, held theretofore in personal union by the kings of Denmark. The question was solved by an election and a separate law to confirm Denmark's new successor.

The closest female relatives of Frederick VII were the issue of his paternal aunt, Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark, who had married a cadet Hessian prince. However, they were not male-line descendants of Helwig of Schauenburg, and thus were not eligible to succeed in Holstein, and had disputed claims on Schleswig. The semi-Salic heiresses of Frederick VII were Princess Caroline of Denmark and Frederick VII's divorced wife Vilhelmine (both childless daughters of the late King Frederick VI). They were followed in the line of succession by Princess Louise Auguste of Denmark, sister of Frederick VI, who had married Frederick, Duke of Augustenburg, Salic heir to Schleswig and Holstein after Frederick VII, but whose wife's claim to Denmark would only come into effect after the deaths of Caroline and Vilhelmine, both still living in 1863.

Some rights also belonged to the Glücksburg line, a more junior branch of the royal clan. They were also semi-Salic heirs of Frederick III through a daughter of Frederick V of Denmark's, and they were more junior agnatic heirs eligible to succeed in Schleswig-Holstein. These dynasts were Christian of Glücksburg (1818–1906) and his two elder brothers, the younger of whom had sons and daughters.

Prince Christian of Glücksburg (1818–1906) had been a foster grandson of the sonless royal couple Frederick VI and Queen Marie Sophie, and he thus was well known at the royal court. Prince Christian was a nephew of Queen Marie Sophie's and descended from a first cousin of Frederick VI. He was brought up as a Dane, having lived in Danish-speaking lands of the royal dynasty, and he never bore arms for German interests against Denmark, as had other princes of the House of Glücksburg and the House of Augustenburg. This made him a relatively attractive royal candidate from the Danish viewpoint since, as a descendant of Frederick III, he was eligible to succeed in Denmark, although not first in line. He was also, but separately, eligible to inherit the dual duchies, but was not first in line either. Christian of Glücksburg also had married Princess Louise of Hesse-Kassel, second-eldest daughter of the closest female relative of Frederick VII's. Louise's mother and brothers, princes of Hesse in Germany, renounced their rights in favor of Louise and her husband. Prince Christian's wife thereby became the closest female heiress of Frederick VII's. The thorny question of the application of semi-Salic provision in the succession of Denmark was at that point resolved by legislation, through which Prince Christian of Glücksburg was chosen in 1852 to succeed Frederick VII in Denmark. Frederick VII died in Glücksburg in 1863 following an attack of erysipelas and was interred in Roskilde Cathedral. Christian took the throne as Christian IX.

In November 1863, Frederick of Augustenborg claimed the twin-duchies in succession to Frederick VII of Denmark, who also was the last king of Denmark who, by primogeniture, was also sovereign Duke of Schleswig and Holstein, but whose death extinguished the patriline of Denmark's hereditary Oldenburg kings. The resulting divergence of hereditary claims to the duchies eventually developed into the Second War of Schleswig.

Legacy
Frederick VII managed to make himself one of the most beloved Danish kings of recent times. This was probably due partially to his relinquishment of absolutism and partially to his personality. In spite of many weaknesses documented by his contemporaries — drinking, eccentric behavior, etc. — he also possessed something of a gift as an actor. He could be both folksy and genuinely hearty, able to appear as a "simple, yet dignified monarch". During his many travels throughout Denmark, he cultivated contacts with ordinary subjects. He was also a keen antiquarian and according to the later Danish archaeologist P.V. Glob, it was "he, more than anyone else, [who] helped to arouse the wide interest in Danish antiquities".

Honours

 * Danish honours
 * Knight of the Elephant, 28 October 1817
 * Cross of Honour of the Order of the Dannebrog
 * Grand Commander of the Dannebrog, 10 June 1841

• Ascanian duchies: Grand Cross of Albert the Bear, 17 December 1840
 * Foreign honours

•  Austrian Empire: Grand Cross of St. Stephen, 1849

• 🇧🇪 Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold, 20 March 1857

•  Empire of Brazil: Grand Cross of the Order of Pedro I

•  French Empire: Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour

•  Kingdom of Hanover:

• * Knight of St. George, 1851

• * Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order

•  Electorate of Hesse: Knight of the Golden Lion

•  Kingdom of Italy: Knight of the Annunciation, 25 August 1861

• 🇳🇱 Netherlands: Grand Cross of the Military William Order, 21 June 1849

•  Oldenburg: Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig, with Golden Crown, 10 February 1848

•  Kingdom of Portugal: Grand Cross of the Sash of the Three Orders

•  Kingdom of Prussia:

• * Knight of the Black Eagle, 14 December 1840

• * Grand Cross of the Red Eagle

•  Russian Empire:

• * Knight of St. Andrew

• * Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky

• * Knight of the White Eagle

• * Knight of St. Anna, 1st Class

• 🇪🇸 Spain: Knight of the Golden Fleece, 25 February 1848

•  Sweden-Norway:

• * Knight of the Seraphim, 14 June 1841

• * Knight of the Order of Charles XIII, 11 April 1853

• * Grand Cross of St. Olav

•  Beylik of Tunis: Husainid Family Order

•  Two Sicilies: Knight of St. Januarius, 1848

title: Frederick VII of Denmark


text:
Black Rider

Black Rider or Black Riders may refer to:

Arts and entertainment

 * Black Rider (TV series), a 2023 Filipino action TV series
 * Black Rider (character), a Marvel Comics Western character
 * The Black Rider, a 1990 stage musical by Tom Waits, Robert Wilson and William S. Burroughs
 * The Black Rider (album), a 1993 album by Tom Waits and its title song
 * "Black Rider" (song), a 2020 song by Bob Dylan
 * The Black Rider (film), a 1954 British thriller film directed by Wolf Rilla
 * Schwarzfahrer, also known as Black Rider, a short film directed by Pepe Danquart, which won an Academy Award in 1993
 * Nazgûl, Sauron's chief servants in the fantasy book The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien

People

 * "The Black Rider", nickname of Nikolaos Plastiras (1883–1953), Greek general and politician

Other uses

 * Black Riders Liberation Party, a revolutionary black power organization based in the United States

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Black Rider


text:
Talk:Bateau-Lavoir

[Untitled]
Some sources mention that Picasso left Le Bateau-Lavoir in 1911. See http://www.ac-orleans-tours.fr/rdv-histoire/archives/2002/artiste.htm. olivier 17:22 Jan 20, 2003 (UTC)
 * You are probably correct. My source says : "soon before the WWI broke out" and it seems I misinterpreted it. Please put it right. Kpjas 17:44 Jan 20, 2003 (UTC)

A Concern of Plagarism
While I was searching for the keywords 'Beateau-Lavoir,' I found this page on Wiki. Right below it was a source from answers.com. The openings of both pages are identical.

I'm concerned that the direct lifting of text from Answers.com may lead Wiki into serious cases involving direct plagarism. Especially because no sources outside Wiki are listed or cited in the article.

Spiffy 01:48, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

removed text
I removed the folllowing text from the bottom of the article:

From 1905 to the end of his stay at the Bateau Lavoir Françoise Olivier was the mate of the artist living with him and inspiring the "rose period" that is plenty of images of her. In 1906, namely after having spent part of the summer together in Spain, "la belle Françoise" appears in some of the first cubist paintings and her head is the only subject of a beginning cubist sculpture

This looks like a translation from the French. Maybe it might form the basis of useful material for the article, but it needs to be sourced, some context added, and the translation improved. --NSH001 (talk) 12:50, 8 February 2008 (UTC)

Good article for information and images
I'll add some of it soon, but I just added a good External links article that could be used for a source and, importantly, for further images of the original building to upload (there's a good one of the "back" of the building showing its three stories). Randy Kryn (talk) 10:15, 9 September 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bateau-Lavoir


text:
1974 in sports

1974 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.

Alpine skiing

 * Alpine Skiing World Cup
 * Men's overall season champion: Piero Gros, Italy
 * Women's overall season champion: Annemarie Pröll, Austria

American football

 * 13 January – Super Bowl VIII: the Miami Dolphins (AFC) won 24–7 over the Minnesota Vikings (NFC)
 * Location: Rice Stadium
 * Attendance: 71,882
 * MVP: Larry Csonka, FB (Miami)
 * World Bowl I – Birmingham Americans won 22–21 over Florida Blazers (at Birmingham, Alabama)
 * Sugar Bowl (1973 season):
 * The game was actually played on 31 December 1973; other major bowl games were played on 1 January 1974
 * The Notre Dame Fighting Irish won 24–23 over the Alabama Crimson Tide to win AP Poll national championship
 * 1974 NCAA Division I football season:
 * The Oklahoma Sooners win the AP Poll national championship; do not play in any bowl the following January due to sanctions

Artistic gymnastics

 * World Artistic Gymnastics Championships –
 * Men's all-around champion: Shigeru Kasamatsu, Japan
 * Women's all-around champion: Ludmilla Tourischeva, USSR
 * Men's team competition champion: Japan
 * Women's team competition champion: USSR

Association football

 * Brazil – CR Vasco da Gama wins the Campeonato Brasileiro
 * FIFA gives to Colombia the right to host the 1986 FIFA World Cup, but Colombian officials decided in late 1982 that they could not afford to host the tournament on the scale FIFA required.
 * Football World Cup – West Germany won 2–1 over the Netherlands.
 * England – FA Cup – Liverpool won 3–0 over Newcastle United.
 * Ecuador – Ecuadorian Serie A Champions: Liga Deportiva Universitaria de Quito

Athletics

 * January – 1974 Commonwealth Games held at Christchurch, New Zealand
 * September – East German athlete Manfred Kuschmann wins the 1974 European Championships in Rome

Australian rules football

 * Victorian Football League
 * Richmond wins the 78th VFL Premiership (Richmond 18.20 (128) d North Melbourne 13.9 (87))
 * Brownlow Medal awarded to Keith Greig (North Melbourne)

Baseball

 * 16 January – Former Yankees teammates Mickey Mantle and Whitey Ford are inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame. Mantle becomes only the seventh player to make it in his first try. His 536 home runs with the Yankees ranked second only to Babe Ruth and he played in more games (2,401) than any other pinstriper, including Lou Gehrig. Ford was arguably the greatest Yankees pitcher of all time, retiring with more wins (236), more innings (3,171), more strikeouts (1,956), and more shutouts (45) than anyone in club history.
 * Frank Robinson becomes the first African-American manager in Major League Baseball.
 * 8 April – Hank Aaron hit home run# 715 in the fourth inning off Los Angeles Dodgers pitcher Al Downing breaking Babe Ruth's career home run record.
 * 4 June – The Cleveland Indians hosted "Ten Cent Beer Night", but had to forfeit the game to the Texas Rangers due to drunken and unruly fans.
 * World Series – Oakland Athletics win 4 games to 1 over the Los Angeles Dodgers.
 * 14 October – Shigeo Nagashima, a well known sports player from Japan, retires from the Yomiuri Giants of Tokyo, after a 17-year baseball player career.

Basketball

 * NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship –
 * North Carolina State wins 76–64 over Marquette
 * In the semifinals of this tournament, North Carolina State defeated UCLA 80–77 in overtime, ending UCLA's record streak of seven national titles. The last previous tournament not won by the Bruins was the 1966 tournament.
 * NBA Finals –
 * Boston Celtics win 4 games to 3 over the Milwaukee Bucks
 * 1974 ABA Finals –
 * New York Nets defeat Utah Stars, 4 games to 1
 * FIBA World Championship
 * USSR World Champion
 * 19 January – Notre Dame defeats UCLA 71–70, ending the Bruins' record 88-game winning streak.

Boxing

 * 9 February in Paris – Carlos Monzón retains his world Middleweight title by a knockout in round seven over world Welterweight champion José Nápoles.
 * 17 to 30 August – First World Amateur Boxing Championships held in Havana, Cuba
 * 30 October in Kinshasa, Zaire – Muhammad Ali regained the World Heavyweight title by knocking out George Foreman in the eighth round of what was called The Rumble in the Jungle.

Canadian football

 * Grey Cup – Montreal Alouettes won 20–7 over the Edmonton Eskimos
 * Vanier Cup – Western Ontario Mustangs won 19–15 over the Toronto Varsity Blues

Cycling

 * Giro d'Italia won by Eddy Merckx of Belgium
 * Tour de France – Eddy Merckx of Belgium
 * UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race – Eddy Merckx of Belgium

Disc sports

 * Ken Westerfield and Jim Kenner introduce the first disc freestyle competition and other disc sports to Canada at the Canadian Open Frisbee Championships, in Toronto

Dog sledding

 * Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race Champion –
 * Carl Huntington won with lead dog: Nugget

Field hockey

 * Men's European Nations Cup held in Madrid and won by Spain
 * Women's World Cup held in Mandelieu, France, and won by the Netherlands

Figure skating

 * World Figure Skating Championships –
 * Men's champion: Jan Hoffmann, Germany
 * Ladies' champion: Christine Errath, Germany
 * Pair skating champions: Irina Rodnina & Alexander Zaitsev, Soviet Union
 * Ice dancing champions: Lyudmila Pakhomova & Alexandr Gorshkov, Soviet Union

Golf
Men's professional Men's amateur Women's professional
 * Masters Tournament – Gary Player
 * U.S. Open – Hale Irwin
 * British Open – Gary Player
 * 1974 PGA Championship – Lee Trevino
 * PGA Tour money leader – Johnny Miller – $353,022
 * British Amateur – Trevor Homer
 * U.S. Amateur – Jerry Pate
 * LPGA Championship – Sandra Haynie
 * U.S. Women's Open – Sandra Haynie
 * LPGA Tour money leader – JoAnne Carner – $87,094

Harness racing

 * United States Pacing Triple Crown races –
 * Cane Pace – Boyden Hanover
 * Little Brown Jug – Armbro Omaha
 * Messenger Stakes – Armbro Omaha
 * United States Trotting Triple Crown races –
 * Hambletonian – Christopher T.
 * Yonkers Trot – Spitfire Hanover
 * Kentucky Futurity – Way Maker
 * Australian Inter Dominion Harness Racing Championship –
 * Pacers: Hondo Grattan

Horse racing
Steeplechases Flat races
 * Cheltenham Gold Cup – Captain Christy
 * Grand National – Red Rum
 * Australia – Melbourne Cup won by Think Big
 * Canada – Queen's Plate won by Amber Herod
 * France – Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe won by Allez France
 * Ireland – Irish Derby Stakes won by English Prince
 * English Triple Crown Races:
 * 2,000 Guineas Stakes – Nonoalco
 * The Derby – Snow Knight
 * St. Leger Stakes – Bustino
 * United States Triple Crown Races:
 * Kentucky Derby – Cannonade
 * Preakness Stakes – Little Current
 * Belmont Stakes – Little Current

Ice hockey

 * Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's leading scorer during the regular season: Phil Esposito, Boston Bruins
 * Hart Memorial Trophy for the NHL's Most Valuable Player: Phil Esposito – Boston Bruins
 * Stanley Cup – Philadelphia Flyers win 4 games to 2 over the Boston Bruins
 * World Hockey Championship –
 * Men's champion: Soviet Union defeated Czechoslovakia
 * Avco World Trophy – Houston Aeros win 4 games to 0 over the Chicago Cougars
 * NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Championship – University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Golden Gophers defeat Michigan Technological University Huskies 4–2 in Boston, Massachusetts

Lacrosse

 * The 2nd World Lacrosse Championship is held in Melbourne, Australia. The United States win, and there is a 3-way tie for the runner-up position.
 * The National Lacrosse League of 1974 and 1975 is formed. It is not related to the modern National Lacrosse League.
 * The Rochester Griffens defeat the Philadelphia Wings in the six-game National Lacrosse League (1974–75) championship, 4 to 2 games.
 * The New Westminster Salmonbellies win the Mann Cup.
 * The Whitby Transporters win the Founders Cup.
 * The Peterborough PCO's win the Minto Cup.
 * The Johns Hopkins University Bluejays defeat the University of Maryland Terrapins 17–12 to win the NCAA Division I Men's Championship.

Rugby league

 * 1974 Amco Cup
 * Captain Morgan Trophy
 * 1974 New Zealand rugby league season
 * 1974 NSWRFL season
 * 1973–74 Northern Rugby Football League season / 1974–75 Northern Rugby Football League season

Rugby union

 * 80th Five Nations Championship series is won by Ireland

Snooker

 * World Snooker Championship – Ray Reardon beats Graham Miles 22–12

Tennis

 * Grand Slam in tennis men's results:
 * Australian Open – Jimmy Connors
 * French Open – Björn Borg
 * Wimbledon championships – Jimmy Connors
 * U.S. Open – Jimmy Connors
 * Grand Slam in tennis women's results:
 * Australian Open – Evonne Goolagong
 * French Open – Chris Evert
 * Wimbledon championships – Chris Evert
 * US Open – Billie Jean King
 * Davis Cup – South Africa wins over India (walkover) in world tennis.
 * Last year in which US Open was played on grass courts

Volleyball

 * 1974 FIVB Men's World Championship held in Mexico City and won by Poland

Yacht racing

 * The New York Yacht Club retains the America's Cup as Courageous defeats Australian challenger Southern Cross, of the Royal Perth Yacht Club, 4 races to 0; it is Australian businessman Alan Bond's first Cup challenge

Multi-sport events

 * 1974 Asian Games held in Teheran, Iran
 * 1974 British Commonwealth Games held in Christchurch, New Zealand
 * Central American and Caribbean Games held in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
 * International Olympic Committee choose Moscow to host the 1980 Summer Olympics

Awards

 * Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year – Muhammad Ali, Boxing
 * Associated Press Female Athlete of the Year – Chris Evert, Tennis
 * Sports Illustrated Sportsman of the Year - Muhammad Ali, Boxing

title: 1974 in sports


text:
1973 in sports

1973 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.

Alpine skiing

 * Alpine Skiing World Cup
 * Men's overall season champion: Gustav Thöni, Italy
 * Women's overall season champion: Annemarie Pröll, Austria

American football

 * 14 January − Super Bowl VII: the Miami Dolphins (AFC) won 14–7 over the Washington Redskins (NFC) to complete the only perfect (unbeaten and untied) season in the history of the NFL
 * Location: Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum
 * Attendance: 90,182
 * MVP: Jake Scott, FS (Miami)
 * Rose Bowl (1972 season):
 * The Southern California Trojans won 42–17 over the Ohio State Buckeyes to win college football national championship
 * O. J. Simpson becomes the first player in NFL history to rush for more than 2,000 yards in a single season.

Association football

 * Brazil – Palmeiras wins the Campeonato Brasileiro
 * England – FA Cup – Sunderland wins 1–0 over Leeds United
 * 1 January 1973, Edinburgh, Scotland, Edinburgh Derby between Hearts and Hibernian played at Tynecastle ends in a 7–0 victory for Hibernian.
 * Philadelphia Atoms defeat Toronto Metros to win the North American Soccer League championship in their inaugural season.

Australian rules football

 * Victorian Football League
 * Richmond wins the 77th VFL Premiership defeating Carlton 16.20 (116) to 12.14 (86) in the Grand Final.
 * Brownlow Medal awarded to Keith Greig (North Melbourne)
 * South Australian National Football League:
 * 1 September: South Adelaide kick only 1.4 (10) against Sturt's 14.24 (108) in the rain at Unley Oval, with the Panthers' sole goal being the first score of the match after five minutes. It was the lowest score in the SA(N)FL between 1914 and 2003.
 * 29 September: Glenelg 21.11 (137) defeat North Adelaide 19.16 (130) for their second SANFL premiership in what is often regarded as the great-ever SANFL Grand Final
 * Western Australian National Football League
 * 29 September: Subiaco break the longest premiership drought in WANFL history, beating West Perth 10.12 (72) to 6.4 (40) for their first premiership since 1924.

Bandy

 * 1973 Bandy World Championship is held in the Soviet Union and won by.

Baseball

 * 18 January – Orlando Cepeda signs with the Boston Red Sox, making him the first player signed by a team specifically to be a designated hitter.
 * The American League uses the designated hitter rule for the first time. Ron Blomberg is the first player to bat as a DH.
 * World Series – Oakland Athletics won 4 games to 3 over the New York Mets
 * Yomiuri Giants of Tokyo, takes only nine conseative title on Japan Central League(on October 22) and Japan Series on both Japan Professional Baseball League title. (on November 1)

Basketball

 * NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship –
 * UCLA wins 87–66 over Memphis State. Bill Walton of UCLA scored 44 points in the Championship game.
 * NBA Finals –
 * New York Knicks won 4 games to 1 over the Los Angeles Lakers
 * ABA Finals –
 * Indiana Pacers defeat Kentucky Colonels, 4 games to 3

Boxing

 * 22 January – George Foreman beats Joe Frazier by a knockout in two rounds to lift the world's Heavyweight championship from Frazier. It is HBO Boxing's first telecast.

Canadian football

 * Grey Cup – Ottawa Rough Riders win 22–18 over the Edmonton Eskimos
 * Vanier Cup – St. Mary's Huskies win 14–6 over the McGill Redmen

Cycling

 * Tour de France – Luis Ocaña of Spain
 * UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race – Felice Gimondi, of Italy

Dogsled racing

 * Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race Champion –
 * Dick Wilmarth won with lead dog: Hotfoot

Field hockey

 * Men's World Cup in Amstelveen, Netherlands won by the Netherlands

Figure skating

 * World Figure Skating Championships –
 * Men's champion: Ondrej Nepela, Czechoslovakia
 * Ladies' champion: Karen Magnussen, Canada
 * Pair skating champions: Irina Rodnina & Alexander Zaitsev, Soviet Union
 * Ice dancing champions: Lyudmila Pakhomova & Alexandr Gorshkov, Soviet Union

Golf
Men's professional Men's amateur Women's professional
 * Masters Tournament – Tommy Aaron
 * U.S. Open – Johnny Miller – Miller's final round of 63 was a new major championship record which has been equaled several times since, it wasn't until 2017 when that record was broken by Branden Grace at The Open Championship when he shot a 62.
 * British Open – Tom Weiskopf
 * PGA Championship – Jack Nicklaus
 * PGA Tour money leader – Jack Nicklaus – $308,362
 * Ryder Cup – United States won 19–13 over Great Britain & Ireland in team golf.
 * British Amateur – Dick Siderowf
 * U.S. Amateur – Craig Stadler
 * LPGA Championship – Mary Mills
 * U.S. Women's Open – Susie Berning
 * LPGA Tour money leader – Kathy Whitworth – $82,864

Harness racing

 * United States Pacing Triple Crown races –
 * Cane Pace – Smog
 * Little Brown Jug – Melvin's Woe
 * Messenger Stakes – Valiant Bret
 * United States Trotting Triple Crown races –
 * Hambletonian – Flirth
 * Yonkers Trot – Tamerlane
 * Kentucky Futurity – Arnie Almahurst
 * Australian Inter Dominion Harness Racing Championship –
 * Pacers: Hondo Grattan
 * Trotters: Precocious

Horse racing
Steeplechases Flat races
 * Secretariat, ridden by jockey Ron Turcotte, becomes the first horse in 25 years to win all three United States Triple Crown Races
 * Cheltenham Gold Cup – The Dikler
 * Grand National – Red Rum
 * Australia – Melbourne Cup – Gala Supreme
 * Canada – Queen's Plate – Royal Chocolate
 * France – Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe – Rheingold
 * Ireland – Irish Derby Stakes – Weavers' Hall
 * English Triple Crown Races:
 * 2,000 Guineas Stakes – Mon Fils
 * The Derby – Morston
 * St. Leger Stakes – Peleid
 * United States Triple Crown Races:
 * Kentucky Derby – Secretariat
 * Preakness Stakes – Secretariat
 * Belmont Stakes – Secretariat

Ice hockey

 * Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's leading scorer during the regular season: Phil Esposito, Boston Bruins
 * Hart Memorial Trophy for the NHL's Most Valuable Player: Bobby Clarke – Philadelphia Flyers
 * Stanley Cup – Montreal Canadiens defeat the Chicago Blackhawks 4 games to 2
 * World Hockey Association
 * AVCO Cup – New England Whalers defeat the Winnipeg Jets 4 games to 1 for first league championship.
 * World Hockey Championship –
 * Men's champion: Soviet Union defeated Sweden
 * NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Championship – University of Wisconsin–Madison Badgers defeat University of Denver Pioneers 4–2 in Boston

Lacrosse

 * NCAA Division I Men's Championship – University of Maryland Terrapins defeated Johns Hopkins University Bluejays 10–9 in 2 overtimes.

Radiosport

 * Seventh Amateur Radio Direction Finding European Championship held in Komló, Hungary.
 * First ARRL 10 Meter Contest held in December.

Rugby league

 * Captain Morgan Trophy
 * 1973 New Zealand rugby league season
 * 1973 NSWRFL season
 * 1972–73 Northern Rugby Football League season / 1973–74 Northern Rugby Football League season

Rugby union

 * 79th Five Nations Championship series is a five-way tie with all teams winning two matches each

Snooker

 * World Snooker Championship – Ray Reardon beats Eddie Charlton 38–32

Swimming

 * The first FINA World Championships held in Belgrade, Yugoslavia

Tennis

 * Grand Slam in tennis men's results:
 * Australian Open – John Newcombe
 * French Open – Ilie Năstase
 * Wimbledon – Jan Kodeš
 * US Open – John Newcombe
 * Grand Slam in tennis women's results:
 * Australian Open – Margaret Court
 * French Open – Margaret Court
 * Wimbledon – Billie Jean King
 * US Open – Margaret Court
 * Davis Cup – Australia wins 5–0 over the United States in world tennis.
 * Men and women players receive equal prize money at the US Open
 * 20 September – In the famed Battle of the sexes at Houston's Astrodome – Billie Jean King beat Bobby Riggs in 3straight sets.

Water polo

 * 1973 FINA Men's World Water Polo Championship held in Belgrade and won by Hungary

General sporting events

 * Second All-Africa Games held in Lagos, Nigeria
 * Seventh Summer Universiade held in Moscow, Soviet Union

Awards

 * Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year – O. J. Simpson, National Football League
 * Associated Press Female Athlete of the Year – Billie Jean King, Tennis

title: 1973 in sports


text:
Talk:Constantin Brâncuși

Untitled
Sources mention that he was born in Hobitza. See: olivier 17:27 Jan 20, 2003 (UTC)
 * http://www.gencnet.tk/constantin-brancusi.html

Yes, it seems he was born there. Here's a link to his memorial home
 * http://www.gencnet.tk/constantin-brancusi.html

But the right spelling is Hobița. Also his name is Brâncuși and not Brâncuşi. Anyone knows how to modify the title?

Brancusi Virtual Encyclopedia
The following was removed as a "vanity link": *"Constantin Brancusi Virtual Encyclopedia - 2 multimedia CDs from the Noesis Cultural Society

The above link can be found on the internet archive * "old archive" Larieu (talk) 14:21, 15 February 2021 (UTC)

I agree that the particular link looks like a vanity link but I know Noesis Cultural Society, their work is generally excellent (certainly the best cultural multimedia work in Romania, and among the best in the world). I'm not defending the particular link, but we should still probably make some mention of that work.

As all too often happens with things Romanian, I can't find any other relevant link besides the one from the people who built it. -- Jmabel | Talk July 7, 2005 06:00 (UTC)
 * It was probably me who removed it - I tend to be sensitive about people inserting external links to commercial sites without explanation. However, I'm easily persuaded to reinsert, if several unrelated editors think that a link has value irrespective of its promotional element.
 * However, in this case, the link doesn't seem to tell us anything much about Brancusi and Wikipedia probably shouldn't just be advertising the CDs any more than we should link to a book on Brancusi unless it was used as a reference. -- Solipsist 7 July 2005 08:22 (UTC)

 * I removed it. I get only a blank page when I load the URL, using two different browsers. In any case, if we rewrote the listing to read "Constantin Brancusi Virtual Encyclopedia, by the Noesis Cultural Society" it wouldn't seem so much like promotion. --sparkit (talk) July 7, 2005 13:51 (UTC)
 * The link works fine for me; I think it's Macromedia Flash (which won't show up if you lack the plug-in), even though it's low-key (damn multi-media folks, there's nothing on the page they couldn't have done perfectly well in HTML). I guess it's not that big a deal, if the link seems useless to several people. -- Jmabel | Talk July 8, 2005 06:04 (UTC)

 * Are the CDs a useful resource for someone who wants to further study Brancusi? Would we question the link's inclusion if it were to a book? If they are a useful resource, I say restore the link. (I have Flash. Maybe it's a browser detection thing and it doesn't recognize any Mac browsers as legitmate.) --sparkit (talk) July 8, 2005 13:54 (UTC)
 * I would imagine they are, but I haven't seen them. Again, I'm just going on the publisher's reputation. I have some of Noesis' multimedia CDs, they are among the best things of the sort I've ever seen, but I don't know this particular one. -- Jmabel | Talk July 8, 2005 22:16 (UTC)
 * Well in general, no, we don't include external links to sites selling a book on a subject, no matter how good the book is. However, we do routinely include Bibliography or Further Reading sections where such books would be listed using the wiki-magic ISBN link (which avoid favouring any particular bookseller). Since this is a CD-ROM, I guess the ISBN trick won't work, so an ext-link is probably appropriate in this case, but we could still move it to a Further Reading section. -- Solipsist 9 July 2005 08:42 (UTC)

 * Great idea! --sparkit (talk) July 9, 2005 19:00 (UTC)

A link
I notice that this link: ... was recently removed without comment from the article. I don't have a strong feeling about it either way (it's moderately interesting, might be a useful citation to link Brancusi and Isamu Noguchi someplace, but doesn't necessarily rise to the level of a reason to link if its not cited) but, generally, when removing something like this there should be an edit summary. - Jmabel | Talk 06:40, 21 October 2006 (UTC)
 * www.ModernFurnitureClassics.com Transcript of an interview with Isamu Noguchi regarding his time working in the Brancusi Studio.

Name
Why is the article named Constantin Brâncuşi, whereas he is referred throughout the article as Constantin Brancusi? I think one should make a choice, and stick to it. The same thing happens in dozens of pages that refer to Brâncuşi -- about half use one spelling, and another half the other. Can this be resolved, one way or the other, for consistency? Turgidson 20:41, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I moved the article back to "Constantin Brancusi" per Naming_conventions_%28standard_letters_with_diacritics%29.

 * Reference: Getty Union List of Artist Names. --sparkit TALK 17:03, 14 March 2007 (UTC)

 * This moving back and forth between Brâncuşi and Brancusi is getting a bit disorienting. Have we reached a stable state, at last?  I've been trying to update the links to Brâncuşi/Brancusi in several other articles to keep up with the changing title for this one, but I'm no longer sure that's the right thing to do...  Turgidson 21:20, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I moved it to "Brancusi" (since moved back to "Brâncuşi") based on the informal agreement of those on the Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Visual_arts, which is to use the Getty Union List of Artist Names preferred name. Plus what I read at the diacritics page linked above that at the time I read it looked like policy, but now has a "failed policy" notice on it. From what I can tell there's no wikipedia consensus on which way to go. --sparkit TALK 22:58, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

Both are wrong. The right spelling is Brâncuși! The before last letter is an s with comma below. It is not an s and defenetely not an s with cedille.

 * Nevertheless, your (user:Tgakic's) blanket changes of spelling has resulted in red links and non-existant image files, etc. I haven't checked the interwikilinks yet. Please, could you check your edits and fix this. ---Sluzzelin talk  00:54, 19 February 2011 (UTC)

Date of birth
Various sources say he was born 21 February 1876, not 19 February. Is there any documentation about his true DOB? And was that the Julian or Gregorian date (Romania used the Julian calendar until the early 20th century)? -- JackofOz (talk) 08:50, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

Sandburg's Brancusi poem
The famous American poet Carl Sandburg wrote a poem about Brancusi, from the collection Slabs of the Sunburnt West (1922). A from L.A. (talk) 13:30, 6 December 2008 (UTC)

 * If I find more poems written about him or dedicated to him by various poets I will list them in the article. A from L.A. (talk) 13:31, 6 December 2008 (UTC)

The Kiss
Brancusi was well known for his "Le Baiser", the Kiss. Something he was said to have had in common with Auguste Rodin. Strangely enough there is no picture. So I have included one. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.160.198.125 (talk) 08:45, 13 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Pictures of The Kiss are usually removed when these pictures are taken in France because it is deemed to violate the "Freedom of Panorama" laws. The Kiss can also be found in many places outside of France, so I wonder if this law really applies. Brancusi is one of the most important sculptors of the twentieth century, a picture of The Kiss should be included.  It adorns one of the graves in Montparnasse Cemetery (division 22, on the grave of Tatiana Racheveskaïa) . Brancusi himself is buried in this cemetery in division 18 . 83.160.198.125 (talk) 22:08, 7 May 2011 (UTC)

Romanian Cyrillic
There is no such thing like Romanian Cyrillic. Romanian is a language written in latin letters.

The "Phallic Controversy"
OK, so I'll open this can o'worms. The linked article, a source from a prestigious museum, states that Brâncuşi never intended for the work to be perceived as phallic. And here we have someone (who I've not *yet* bothered to look up) boldly perpetrating this theory. And what does Freud have to do with it? This is art, not psychiatry, for goodness' sake.... Renaissongsman (talk) 05:21, 19 February 2011 (UTC)

Edit request from Evoda, 19 February 2011
"Romanian-born" changed to "Romanian"

Evoda (talk) 17:57, 19 February 2011 (UTC)

 * . He has dual nationality (Romanian and French). He was born as Romanian, so he should be said to be romanian-born. Otherwise it should be stated that he had romanian AND french nationalities?  Ilyushka ☃  Talk!Contribs 21:39, 19 February 2011 (UTC)

Who were Brâncuşi’s parents ?
There seems to be a conspicuous discrepancy between the English and the German Wikipedia concerning Brâncuşi’s parents.

English WP : His parents Nicolae and Maria Brâncuşi were poor peasants who earned a meager living through back-breaking labor.

German WP : Der Vater war ein wohlhabender Mann, der die Ländereien um das Kloster Tismana verwaltete.

The Rumanian Wikipedia doesn’t really clear up whether his father was a well-off man or a destitute pauper. The question has already received attention above (under Untitled). Could somebody look into this ? Hirpex (talk) 19:05, 19 February 2011 (UTC)

 * It is difficult to find anything that can be sourced and many sources quote each other, making a decent search practically impossible. However the Encyclopedia Britannica states that his parents were poor peasants . As the EB is usually well informed, I trust this answers your question. 83.160.198.125 (talk) 22:37, 7 May 2011 (UTC)

Brancusi
The guy is called Brancusi in English -- not Brâncuşi -- so why is this page pretending otherwise? His name in English is pronounced as though it were Italian: Brankoozy. Varlaam (talk) 04:26, 10 April 2011 (UTC)

Brancusi - work like a slave
Coldcreation - I'd rather see the quote showcased within the article. It is a striking quote, and was selected by art critic John Berger for special mention. It does more good than harm where it is. Perhaps the quote in the lower section can be removed, it you prefer. What do you think?36hourblock (talk) 19:22, 9 November 2013 (UTC)
 * I would rather see the quote in the section where it was originally placed; Brâncuși on his own work. As it stands now that quote seems contextually out of place in the article. I'm moving this conversation to the Brâncuși Talk page for any further discussion. Coldcreation (talk) 22:32, 9 November 2013 (UTC)
 * I notice that Berger, in The Success and Failure of Picasso, does not highlight the quote, nor is the quote mentioned in any 'special' way. In fact he writes directly following the quote: "Brancusi, however, lived in the same way as he worked; simply, austerely, and - in terms of the demands of modern Paris or New York"... Coldcreation (talk) 22:47, 9 November 2013 (UTC)
 * I'm going to proceed to revert your edits back to the way the article was prior to your intervention. There is no need to have that quote in a section where it is out of place, and there is no need to have the same quote three times in the same article: once in Romanian and twice in English. Please do not change the article again without soliciting some form of general consensus. Thanks for your comprehension. Coldcreation (talk) 18:37, 10 November 2013 (UTC)

Je comprends. 36hourblock (talk) 22:12, 14 November 2013 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Constantin Brâncuși


text:
1972 in sports

1972 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.

Alpine skiing

 * Alpine Skiing World Cup
 * Men's overall season champion: Gustav Thöni, Italy
 * Women's overall season champion: Annemarie Pröll, Austria

American football

 * 16 January − Super Bowl VI: the Dallas Cowboys (NFC) won 24−3 over the Miami Dolphins (AFC)
 * Location: Tulane Stadium
 * Attendance: 81,023
 * MVP: Roger Staubach, QB (Dallas)
 * Orange Bowl (1971 season):
 * The Nebraska Cornhuskers won 38–6 over the Alabama Crimson Tide to win the college football national championship
 * 23 December – In the first Pittsburgh Steelers playoff game in 25 years (and the franchises first playoff win), rookie Franco Harris salvages and converts into a touchdown a final seconds Terry Bradshaw incomplete pass in what has been called the greatest play in NFL history—The Immaculate Reception—to beat the Oakland Raiders 13–7.

Association football

 * Brazil – Palmeiras wins the Campeonato Brasileiro
 * England – FA Cup – Leeds United won 1–0 over Arsenal
 * Europe – Cup Winners' Cup – Rangers F.C. won 3–2 over Dinamo Moscow
 * West Germany beat the Soviet Union 3–0 to win the European Championship.

Athletics

 * September – Athletics at the 1972 Summer Olympics held in Munich

Australian rules football

 * Victorian Football League
 * Carlton wins the 76th VFL Premiership (Carlton 28.9 (177) d Richmond 22.18 (150))
 * Brownlow Medal awarded to Len Thompson (Collingwood)

Baseball

 * The Washington Senators move to Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas to become the Texas Rangers.
 * 19 January – The BBWAA elects Sandy Koufax (344 votes), Yogi Berra (339), and Early Wynn (301) to the Hall of Fame.
 * Sparky Lyle saves 35 games for the New York Yankees, breaking Ron Perranoski's 1970 records for AL pitchers and left-handers. Lyle also becomes the first left-hander to save 100 career games in the American League.
 * World Series – Oakland Athletics win their first World Championship since the team was based in Philadelphia in 1930, and sixth in franchise history, by defeating the Cincinnati Reds, 4 games to 3.
 * 31 December – The Pittsburgh Pirates' legendary right fielder Roberto Clemente dies in a plane crash near Puerto Rico on his way to bring relief supplies to Nicaraguan earthquake victims.

Basketball

 * NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship –
 * UCLA wins 81–76 over Florida St.
 * NBA Finals –
 * Los Angeles Lakers won 4 games to 1 over the New York Knicks
 * 1972 ABA Finals –
 * Indiana Pacers defeat New York Nets 4 games to 2

Boxing

 * 26 June – Roberto Durán stopped Ken Buchanan in the thirteenth round to win the WBA Lightweight Championship.

Canadian football

 * Grey Cup – Hamilton Tiger-Cats won 13–10 over the Saskatchewan Roughriders
 * Vanier Cup – Alberta Golden Bears won 20–7 over the Wilfrid Laurier Golden Hawks

Cycling

 * Giro d'Italia won by Eddy Merckx of Belgium
 * Tour de France – Eddy Merckx of Belgium
 * UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race – Marino Basso of Italy

Disc sports

 * Disc sports are introduced to Canada at the Canadian Open Frisbee Championships in Toronto

Field hockey

 * Olympic Games (Men's Competition) in Munich, West Germany
 * Gold Medal: West Germany
 * Silver Medal: Pakistan
 * Bronze Medal:

Figure skating

 * World Figure Skating Championships –
 * Men's champion: Ondrej Nepela, Czechoslovakia
 * Ladies' champion: Trixi Schuba, Austria
 * Pair skating champions: Irina Rodnina & Alexei Ulyanov, Soviet Union
 * Ice dancing champions: Lyudmila Pakhomova & Alexandr Gorshkov, Soviet Union

Golf
Men's professional Men's amateur Women's professional
 * Masters Tournament – Jack Nicklaus
 * U.S. Open – Jack Nicklaus
 * British Open – Lee Trevino
 * PGA Championship – Gary Player
 * PGA Tour money leader – Jack Nicklaus – $320,542
 * The European Tour begins its first season of competition.
 * British Amateur – Trevor Homer
 * U.S. Amateur – Vinny Giles
 * LPGA Championship – Kathy Ahern
 * U.S. Women's Open – Susie Berning
 * Titleholders Championship – Sandra Palmer
 * LPGA Tour money leader – Kathy Whitworth – $65,063

Harness racing

 * 21 September – Strike Out became the first Canadian owned harness racing horse to ever win the Little Brown Jug.
 * United States Pacing Triple Crown races –
 * Cane Pace – Hilarious Way
 * Little Brown Jug – Strike Out
 * Messenger Stakes – Silent Majority
 * Super Bowl wins the United States Trotting Triple Crown races –
 * Hambletonian – Super Bowl
 * Yonkers Trot – Super Bowl
 * Kentucky Futurity – Super Bowl
 * Australian Inter Dominion Harness Racing Championship –
 * Pacers: Welcome Advice

Horse racing
Steeplechases Flat races
 * Cheltenham Gold Cup – Glencaraig Lady
 * Grand National – Well To Do
 * Australia – Melbourne Cup won by Piping Lane
 * Canada – Queen's Plate won by Victoria Song
 * France – Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe won by San San
 * Ireland – Irish Derby Stakes won by Steel Pulse
 * English Triple Crown Races:
 * 2,000 Guineas Stakes – High Top
 * The Derby – Roberto
 * St. Leger Stakes – Boucher
 * United States Triple Crown Races:
 * Kentucky Derby – Riva Ridge
 * Preakness Stakes – Bee Bee Bee
 * Belmont Stakes – Riva Ridge

Ice hockey

 * 18 March - NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Championship – Boston University Terriers defeat Cornell University Big Red 4–0 in Boston, Massachusetts
 * 22 April - Czechoslovakia defeats the Soviet Union to win the 1972 Ice Hockey World Championships.
 * 11 May - The Boston Bruins defeat the New York Rangers 3–0 to win the 1972 Stanley Cup Finals four games to two.
 * 14 May - The Cornwall Royals defeat the Peterborough Petes to win the 1972 Memorial Cup Canadian amateur ice hockey junior men's championship.
 * 15 May - The Spokane Jets defeat the Barrie Flyers 6–3 to win the 1972 Allan Cup Canadian amateur ice hockey senior men's championship.
 * Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's leading scorer during the regular season: Phil Esposito, Boston Bruins
 * Hart Memorial Trophy – for the NHL's Most Valuable Player: Bobby Orr, Boston Bruins
 * 28 September – Paul Henderson scored the "goal of the century" to give Canada the win in the Summit Series, the first ever Canada versus the Soviet Union challenge series.
 * 7 October - The National Hockey League begins the 1972–73 season.
 * 11 October - The World Hockey Association (WHA) professional league begins play in its first season. This new league signed several of the top NHL stars including Bobby Hull and Derek Sanderson.

Lacrosse

 * The Long Branch P.C.O.'s win the first Founders Cup.
 * The New Westminster Salmonbellies win the Mann Cup.
 * The Peterborough PCO's win the Minto Cup.

Rugby league

 * 1972 NSWRFL season
 * 1972 New Zealand rugby league season
 * 1971–72 Northern Rugby Football League season / 1972–73 Northern Rugby Football League season
 * 1972 Rugby League World Cup

Rugby union

 * 78th Five Nations Championship series is undecided after two matches are not played for political reasons

Snooker

 * World Snooker Championship – Alex Higgins beats John Spencer 37–32

Swimming

 * XX Olympic Games, held in Munich, West Germany (28 August – 4 September)

Tennis

 * Grand Slam in tennis men's results:
 * Australian Open – Ken Rosewall
 * French Open – Andrés Gimeno
 * Wimbledon championships – Stan Smith
 * U.S. Open – Ilie Năstase
 * Grand Slam in tennis women's results:
 * Australian Open – Virginia Wade
 * French Open – Billie Jean King
 * Wimbledon championships – Billie Jean King
 * U.S. Open – Billie Jean King (first player in Open Era to repeat as singles champion)
 * Davis Cup – United States wins 3–2 over Romania in world tennis.

General sporting events

 * 1972 Summer Olympics takes place in Munich, Germany
 * USSR wins the most medals (99), and the most gold medals (50)
 * 1972 Winter Olympics takes place in Sapporo, Japan
 * USSR wins the most medals (16), and the most gold medals (8)
 * Seventh Winter Universiade held in Lake Placid, New York, United States

Awards

 * Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year – Mark Spitz, Swimming
 * Associated Press Female Athlete of the Year – Olga Korbut, Gymnastics

title: 1972 in sports


text:
1971 in sports

1971 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.

Alpine skiing

 * Alpine Skiing World Cup
 * Men's overall season champion: Gustav Thöni, Italy
 * Women's overall season champion: Annemarie Pröll, Austria

American football

 * 17 January − Super Bowl V: the Baltimore Colts (AFC) won 16–13 over the Dallas Cowboys (NFC)
 * Location: Miami Orange Bowl
 * Attendance: 79,204
 * MVP: Chuck Howley, LB (Dallas)
 * 25 December – The Miami Dolphins defeat the Kansas City Chiefs in a divisional playoff game. The double-overtime contest is the longest game in NFL history, and the Chiefs' last home game at Municipal Stadium.
 * Orange Bowl (1970 season):
 * The Nebraska Cornhuskers won 17–12 over the Louisiana State Tigers to win the AP Poll national championship after the previous #1 Texas Longhorns lost in the Cotton Bowl and the #2 Ohio State Buckeyes lost in the Rose Bowl.
 * 24 October – death of Chuck Hughes, Detroit Lions wide receiver

Association football

 * 2 January – At the end of a Rangers–Celtic match at Ibrox Park in Glasgow, barriers at Stairway 13 give way under a mass of fans, killing 66 and injuring over 200 others.
 * 30 June – death of Georgi Asparuhov (28), Bulgarian international
 * Atlético Mineiro wins the first Campeonato Brasileiro Série A
 * Arsenal are the English First Division champions
 * England – FA Cup – Arsenal won 2–1 over Liverpool to win The Double
 * European Championship Cup Final: Ajax – Panathinaikos 2–0

Athletics

 * August – Athletics at the 1971 Pan American Games held in Cali, Colombia
 * August – 1971 European Athletics Championships held at Helsinki

Australian rules football

 * Victorian Football League
 * Hawthorn wins the 75th VFL Premiership (Hawthorn 12.10 (82) d St Kilda 11.9 (75))
 * Brownlow Medal awarded to Ian Stewart (Richmond)
 * SANFL
 * North Adelaide 10.19 (79) defeated Port Adelaide 9.5 (59)

Bandy

 * 1971 Bandy World Championship is held in Sweden and won by.

Baseball

 * World Series – Pittsburgh Pirates won 4 games to 3 over the Baltimore Orioles. Game four, played on 13 October at Three Rivers Stadium in Pittsburgh, was the first night game in World Series history.

Basketball

 * NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship –
 * UCLA wins 68–62 over Villanova
 * Indiana University Hires Bob Knight as their head basketball coach.
 * NBA Finals –
 * Milwaukee Bucks win 4 games to 0 over the Baltimore Bullets
 * 1971 ABA Finals –
 * Utah Stars defeat Kentucky Colonels 4 games to 3; Stars defeat Indiana Pacers in division finals while Colonels defeat Virginia Squires.

Boxing

 * 8 March – Joe Frazier defeats Muhammad Ali at Madison Square Garden, in the first of three epic bouts between the two, to retain the World Heavyweight Championship.

Canadian football

 * Grey Cup – Calgary Stampeders won 14–11 over the Toronto Argonauts
 * Vanier Cup – Western Ontario Mustangs won 15–14 over the Alberta Golden Bears

Cricket

 * 5 January, Melbourne – first-ever One Day International is played after a Test match is abandoned because of rain, Australia beating England by 5 wickets.

Cycling

 * Giro d'Italia won by Gösta Pettersson of Sweden
 * Tour de France – Eddy Merckx of Belgium
 * UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race – Eddy Merckx of Belgium

Field hockey

 * Men's World Cup in Barcelona, Spain
 * Gold Medal: Pakistan
 * Silver Medal: Spain
 * Bronze Medal: India
 * Pan American Games (Men's Competition) in Cali, Colombia
 * Gold Medal: Argentina
 * Silver Medal: Mexico
 * Bronze Medal: Canada

Figure skating

 * World Figure Skating Championships –
 * Men's champion: Ondrej Nepela, Czechoslovakia
 * Ladies' champion: Trixi Schuba, Austria
 * Pair skating champions: Irina Rodnina & Alexei Ulyanov, Soviet Union
 * Ice dancing champions: Lyudmila Pakhomova & Alexandr Gorshkov, Soviet Union

Golf
Men's professional Men's amateur Women's professional
 * PGA Championship – Jack Nicklaus
 * Masters Tournament – Charles Coody
 * U.S. Open – Lee Trevino
 * British Open – Lee Trevino
 * PGA Tour money leader – Jack Nicklaus – $244,491
 * Ryder Cup – United States won 18½ to 13½ over Britain in team golf
 * British Amateur – Steve Melnyk
 * U.S. Amateur – Gary Cowan
 * LPGA Championship – Kathy Whitworth
 * U.S. Women's Open – JoAnne Carner – this win made her the first person ever to win three different USGA individual championship events.
 * Titleholders Championship – not played
 * LPGA Tour money leader – Kathy Whitworth – $41,181

Harness racing

 * United States Pacing Triple Crown races –
 * Cane Pace – Albatross
 * Little Brown Jug – Nansemond
 * Messenger Stakes – Albatross
 * United States Trotting Triple Crown races –
 * Hambletonian – Speedy Crown
 * Yonkers Trot – Quick Pride
 * Kentucky Futurity – Savoir
 * Australian Inter Dominion Harness Racing Championship –
 * Pacers: Stella Frost
 * Trotters: Geffini

Horse racing
Steeplechases Flat races
 * Cheltenham Gold Cup – L'Escargot
 * Grand National – Specify
 * Australia – Melbourne Cup won by Silver Knight
 * Canada – Queen's Plate won by Kennedy Road
 * France – Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe won by Mill Reef
 * Ireland – Irish Derby Stakes won by Irish Ball
 * English Triple Crown Races:
 * 2,000 Guineas Stakes – Brigadier Gerard
 * The Derby – Mill Reef
 * St. Leger Stakes – Athens Wood
 * United States Triple Crown Races:
 * Kentucky Derby – Canonero II
 * Preakness Stakes – Canonero II
 * Belmont Stakes – Pass Catcher

Ice hockey

 * 13 April – death of Michel Brière (21), Canadian player with Pittsburgh Penguins
 * Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's leading scorer during the regular season: Phil Esposito, Boston Bruins
 * Hart Memorial Trophy for the NHL's Most Valuable Player: Bobby Orr, Boston Bruins
 * Stanley Cup – Montreal Canadiens win 4 games to 3 over the Chicago Black Hawks
 * World Hockey Championship
 * Men's champion: Soviet Union defeated Czechoslovakia
 * NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Championship – Boston University Terriers defeat University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Golden Gophers 4–2 in Syracuse, New York
 * World Hockey Association (WHA) is formed as an alternative North American professional hockey league to the NHL

Lacrosse

 * Cornell beats Maryland 12–6 to win the first NCAA Division I Men's Lacrosse Championship.
 * The Brantford Warriors win the Mann Cup.
 * The Richmond Roadrunners win the Minto Cup.
 * The Victoria win the Castrol Cup.

Radiosport

 * Sixth Amateur Radio Direction Finding European Championship held in Duisburg, Federal Republic of Germany.

Rugby league

 * 18 September – the 1971 NSWRFL season culminates in a Grand Final victory for South Sydney, defeating St George 16–10
 * 1971 New Zealand rugby league season
 * 1970–71 Northern Rugby Football League season / 1971–72 Northern Rugby Football League season

Rugby union

 * 77th Five Nations Championship series is won by Wales who complete the Grand Slam

Snooker

 * World Snooker Championship – John Spencer beats Warren Simpson 37–29

Swimming

 * 27 August – US swimmer Mark Spitz recaptures the world record in the men's 200m butterfly (long course), clocking 2:03.9 at a meet in Houston, Texas.
 * 31 August – Four days after Mark Spitz broke the world record in the men's 200m butterfly (long course), West Germany's Hans-Joachim Fassnacht betters the time to 2:03.3 at a meet in Landskrona, Sweden.

Tennis

 * Grand Slam in tennis men's results:
 * Australian Open – Ken Rosewall
 * French Open – Jan Kodeš
 * Wimbledon championships – John Newcombe
 * U.S. Open – Stan Smith
 * Grand Slam in tennis women's results:
 * Australian Open – Margaret Court
 * French Open – Evonne Goolagong
 * Wimbledon championships – Evonne Goolagong
 * U.S. Open – Billie Jean King
 * Davis Cup – United States wins 3–2 over Romania in world tennis.
 * Sixteen-year-old Chris Evert makes her US Open debut reaching the semifinals where she is defeated by eventual champion Billie Jean King.
 * First time in 16 years that Americans won both the men's and women's title at the US Open.

Volleyball

 * Men and Women's European Volleyball Championship held in Italy
 * 1971 Men's European Volleyball Championship won by the USSR
 * 1971 Women's European Volleyball Championship won by the USSR
 * Volleyball at the 1971 Pan American Games held in Cali, Colombia
 * Men's and women's tournaments both won by Cuba

Multi-sport events

 * Sixth Pan American Games held in Cali, Colombia
 * Sixth Mediterranean Games held in İzmir, Turkey

Awards

 * ABC's Wide World of Sports Athlete of the Year: Lee Trevino, PGA Golf
 * Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year – Lee Trevino, PGA golf
 * Associated Press Female Athlete of the Year – Evonne Goolagong, Tennis
 * Sports Illustrated Sportsman of the Year - Lee Trevino, PGA golf

title: 1971 in sports


text:
Probert Encyclopaedia

The Probert Encyclopaedia is a defunct online encyclopedia containing over 110,000 entries organized topically, written and published by Matthew Probert under the name Probert Publishing. It has unusual search functions which create pages containing the text of all the articles matching the search, rather than giving a list of results.

The Probert Encyclopaedia was first published in 1993 as a knowledgebase for artificial intelligence systems and has subsequently been developed to include the topics omitted by other encyclopaedias. It was available as downloadable freeware until the 18th edition, published in December 1998, when Probert reserved the rights of distribution after finding people had reproduced his work on their privately owned websites, without permission.

The encyclopedia is offline as of February 2015.

title: Probert Encyclopaedia


text:
Posh

Posh is an informal adjective for "upper class". It may also refer to:

Entertainment

 * Posh (album), a 1980 album by Patrice Rushen
 * "Posh!", a 1968 song from the musical Chitty Chitty Bang Bang
 * Posh (2006 TV series), a 2006 Philippine television drama
 * Posh (play), by the British playwright Laura Wade, first staged in 2010
 * The Riot Club, formerly titled Posh, a 2014 film adaptation of the play

Computing

 * Plain Old Semantic HTML, a term used by the microformat community to describe some uses of Semantic HTML
 * Poshlib, the Portable Open Source Harness
 * PowerShell, sometimes abbreviated PoSh

Other

 * Victoria Beckham (born 1974), singer nicknamed "Posh Spice" while she was a member of the Spice Girls
 * Peterborough United F.C., an English football club, nicknamed "The Posh"
 * Received Pronunciation, sometimes known as a "posh accent"
 * Posh (Haganah unit), the commando arm of the Haganah during the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
 * Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 - Indian law, also called and popular as Prevention Of Sexual Harassment (POSH)
 * Polyolefin oligomeric saturated hydrocarbons

title: Posh


text:
1970 in sports

1970 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.

Alpine skiing

 * Alpine Skiing World Cup
 * Men's overall season champion – Karl Schranz, Austria
 * Women's overall season champion – Michèle Jacot, France

American football

 * 11 January – Super Bowl IV: the Kansas City Chiefs (AFL) won 23–7 over the Minnesota Vikings (NFL)
 * Location: Tulane Stadium
 * Attendance: 80,562
 * MVP: Len Dawson, QB (Kansas City)
 * Cotton Bowl (1969 season):
 * The Texas Longhorns won 21–17 over the Notre Dame Fighting Irish to win the college football national championship
 * 16 June – death of Brian Piccolo, Chicago Bears player
 * 15 August – Patricia Palinkas becomes the first woman to play in a professional football game for the Orlando Panthers in the Atlantic Coast Football League.
 * 3 September – death of Vince Lombardi, Green Bay Packers coach; subsequently, his name is given to the Super Bowl trophy and the Rotary Lombardi Award
 * 2 October – The Wichita State University football team plane crash claims approximately half the football team when one of two planes crashes on the way to a game at Utah State University.
 * 14 November – A plane carrying most of the Marshall University team crashes just short of landing near Huntington, West Virginia, killing all 75 aboard, including 37 players.

Artistic gymnastics

 * World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
 * Men's all-around champion: Eizo Kenmotsu, Japan
 * Women's all-around champion: Ludmilla Tourischeva, USSR
 * Men's team competition champion: Japan
 * Women's team competition champion: USSR

Athletics

 * 26 December – death from cancer of Lillian Board (22), British middle-distance runner
 * July – 1970 Commonwealth Games held at Edinburgh
 * December – 1970 Asian Games held at Bangkok

Baseball

 * 16 January – Gold Glove outfielder Curt Flood files a civil lawsuit challenging baseball's reserve clause, a suit that will have historic implications. Flood refused to report to the Phillies after he was traded by the Cardinals, contending the baseball rule violates federal antitrust laws.
 * 17 January – The Sporting News names Willie Mays as Player of the Decade for the 1960s.
 * 20 January – Lou Boudreau is elected to the Hall of Fame, receiving 232 of a possible 300 votes from the BBWAA.
 * 7 April – The Milwaukee Brewers play their first ever game as the Brewers at Milwaukee County Stadium, after the team had relocated from Seattle.
 * 12 June – Dock Ellis of the Pittsburgh Pirates throws a no-hitter against the San Diego Padres. It is later revealed that he did so while under the influence of LSD.
 * Robert W. Peterson's book Only the Ball was White is published. The book brings pressure on Major League Baseball to recognize the African-American players from Negro league baseball by honoring its stars in the Baseball Hall of Fame.
 * World Series – The American League's Baltimore Orioles win their second World Title by defeating the National League's Cincinnati Reds, 4 games to 1.

Basketball

 * NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship –
 * UCLA wins 80–69 over Jacksonville
 * National Basketball Association –
 * New York Knicks won 4 games to 3 over the Los Angeles Lakers in the 1970 NBA Finals
 * 1970 ABA Finals –
 * Indiana Pacers defeat Los Angeles Stars 4 games to 2
 * FIBA World Championship –
 * Yugoslavia World Champion

Boxing

 * 15 February – Carlos Cruz, Featherweight Boxing Champion died in a plane crash
 * 16 February – Joe Frazier wins the undisputed World Heavyweight title with the knock out of Jimmy Ellis in five rounds.
 * 30 December – death of Sonny Liston (38), former heavyweight champion

Canadian football

 * Grey Cup – Montreal Alouettes win 23–10 over the Calgary Stampeders
 * Vanier Cup – Manitoba Bisons win 38–11 over the Ottawa Gee-Gees

Cricket

 * 6 January – Australia commences a controversial tour of South Africa.
 * 4 March – South Africa completes a 4–0 series whitewash over Australia at Port Elizabeth. This was to be South Africa's last Test match for 22 years.
 * 22 May – The British Government forces England to cancel the planned tour of England by South Africa.
 * A "Rest of the World" team captained by Garry Sobers plays five unofficial Test matches against England winning the series 4–1.
 * In their centenary year Kent wins the English County Championship for the first time since 1913.
 * The International Cricket Conference votes to suspend South Africa from international cricket indefinitely because of its government's apartheid policy.

Cycling

 * Giro d'Italia won by Eddy Merckx of Belgium
 * Tour de France – Eddy Merckx of Belgium
 * UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race – Jean-Pierre Monseré of Belgium

Field hockey

 * Men's European Nations Cup held in Brussels and won by West Germany

Figure skating

 * World Figure Skating Championships –
 * Men's champion: Tim Wood, United States
 * Ladies' champion: Gabrielle Seyfert, Germany
 * Pair skating champions: Irina Rodnina & Alexei Ulanov, Soviet Union
 * Ice dancing champions: Lyudmila Pakhomova & Alexandr Gorshkov, Soviet Union

Golf
Men's professional Men's amateur Women's professional
 * Masters Tournament – Billy Casper
 * U.S. Open – Tony Jacklin
 * British Open – Jack Nicklaus
 * PGA Championship – Dave Stockton
 * PGA Tour money leader – Lee Trevino – $157,037
 * British Amateur – Michael Bonallack
 * U.S. Amateur – Lanny Wadkins
 * LPGA Championship – Shirley Englehorn
 * U.S. Women's Open – Donna Caponi
 * Titleholders Championship – not played
 * LPGA Tour money leader – Kathy Whitworth – $30,235

Harness racing

 * Fresh Yankee was named "Horse of the Year" by the U.S. Trotting Association and the U.S. Harness Writers Association.
 * Most Happy Fella won the United States Pacing Triple Crown races –
 * Cane Pace – Most Happy Fella
 * Little Brown Jug – Most Happy Fella
 * Messenger Stakes – Most Happy Fella
 * United States Trotting Triple Crown races –
 * Hambletonian – Timothy T.
 * Yonkers Trot – Victory Star
 * Kentucky Futurity – Timothy T.
 * Australian Inter Dominion Harness Racing Championship –
 * Pacers: Bold David

Horse racing
Steeplechases Flat races
 * Nijinsky wins all three English Triple Crown Races and the Irish Derby
 * Cheltenham Gold Cup – L'Escargot
 * Grand National – Gay Trip
 * Australia – Melbourne Cup won by Baghdad Note
 * Canada – Queen's Plate won by Almoner
 * France – Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe won by Sassafras
 * Ireland – Irish Derby Stakes won by Nijinsky
 * English Triple Crown Races:
 * 2,000 Guineas Stakes – Nijinsky
 * The Derby – Nijinsky
 * St. Leger Stakes – Nijinsky
 * United States Triple Crown Races:
 * Kentucky Derby – Dust Commander
 * Preakness Stakes – Personality
 * Belmont Stakes – High Echelon

Ice hockey

 * Art Ross Trophy – Bobby Orr becomes the first defenseman in the history of the National Hockey League to lead the league in scoring.
 * Hart Memorial Trophy for the NHL's Most Valuable Player: Bobby Orr, Boston Bruins
 * Stanley Cup – Boston Bruins win the Cup for the first time in 29 years, defeating the St. Louis Blues four games to none. Defenseman, Bobby Orr is awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the series MVP (most valuable player).
 * World Hockey Championship
 * Men's champion: Soviet Union defeated Sweden
 * NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Championship – Cornell University Big Red defeat Clarkson University Golden Knights 6–4 in Lake Placid, New York; only NCAA hockey team to complete season undefeated and untied (31–0)

Lacrosse

 * STX is founded by Richard B.C. Tucker Sr.
 * The New Westminster Salmonbellies win the Mann Cup.
 * The Whitby Transporters win the Castrol Cup.
 * The Lakeshore Maple Leafs win the Minto Cup.

Rugby league

 * 15 March – the final match of the 1969–70 European Championship is played, with England crowned champions for finishing on top of the league
 * 19 September – the 1970 NSWRFL season culminates with South Sydney's 23–12 Grand Final victory over Manly-Warringah
 * 8 November – the 1970 World Cup is won by Australia, who defeated Great Britain 12–7 in the final

Snooker

 * World Snooker Championship – Ray Reardon beats John Pulman 37–33

Speed skating

 * First ISU Sprint Speed Skating Championships for Men and Ladies held in West Allis, U.S.A.

Swimming

 * 22 August – US swimmer Mark Spitz breaks his own, nearly three-year-old world record in the men's 200m butterfly (long course) with a time of 2:05.4. At the same meet and on the same day in Los Angeles, California he loses it to Gary Hall Sr., who swims 2:05.0.

Tennis

 * Grand Slam in tennis men's results:
 * Australian Open – Arthur Ashe
 * French Open – Jan Kodeš
 * Wimbledon championships – John Newcombe
 * US Open – Ken Rosewall
 * Margaret Court wins the Grand Slam in women's tennis –
 * Australian Open – Margaret Court
 * French Open – Margaret Court
 * Wimbledon championships – Margaret Court
 * US Open – Margaret Court
 * Davis Cup – United States wins 5–0 over Germany F.R. in world tennis.

Volleyball

 * 1970 FIVB Men's World Championship held in Sofia and won by East Germany

Yacht racing

 * The New York Yacht Club retains the America's Cup as Intrepid defeats Australian challenger Gretel II, of the Royal Sydney Yacht Squadron, 4 races to 1.

Multi-sport events

 * Sixth Asian Games held in Bangkok, Thailand
 * 1970 British Commonwealth Games held in Edinburgh, Scotland
 * Central American and Caribbean Games held in Panama City, Panama
 * Sixth Summer Universiade held in Turin, Italy
 * Sixth Winter Universiade held in Rovaniemi, Finland

Awards

 * Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year – George Blanda, National Football League
 * Associated Press Female Athlete of the Year – Chi Cheng, Track and field

title: 1970 in sports


text:
User talk:Eric119

Notice: I will reply to all messages posted here on this same page.

Hey, welcome to wikipedia! Just curious; it's been over a decade since I read the LOTR series and I can't even remember if I finished it, but--are the elves, orcs, etc. always capitalized? Otherwise, it's probably best to leave them uncapitalized. Koyaanis Qatsi

I believe so. Whenever a race is mentioned in LOTR it is capitalized. (Actually, sometimes "hobbit" is capitalized and sometimes it isn't. I don't know why.) Eric119
 * Ok, that sounds fine, then. Thanks.  :-)  Koyaanis Qatsi

Re your edits to the Asperger's disorder page, what did you actually do? I tried to look at the diff for your edit but it highlights everything, including a load of stuff that doesn't seem to have changed. I'm assuming that you simply re-formatted some stuff but I don't want to miss any substantive changes Phil 08:35, Oct 31, 2003 (UTC)

 * Well, I noticed that there was a lot of extra space between the sections. I looked at the source and found that many of the lines had white space at the end. I went through and removed all of it, and the spacing then looked normal. Of course, there is no way to see that in the diffs. Eric119 00:09, 1 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * Thank you. Phil 11:46, Nov 3, 2003 (UTC)

Images to be deleted -> images for deletion. :) Martin 22:19, 8 Nov 2003 (UTC)
 * Whoops, sorry. Didn't notice that. Eric119 03:23, 9 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Dude, I didn't know you had AS until I checked the list. See if you can give me a personal account of your battle with AS sometime. JB82 00:50, 26 Apr 2004 (UTC)

IMVVVHO DNA is definately a form of programming langauge. Some people do actually write small amounts of code with it, though most current-day work involves reverse-engineering. I put it under esoteric langauges just to be sure.

The code in question can for instance be inserted into a relevant plasmid (common plasmids are 6000-8000bp in length, code not included for brevity) which includes an "always on" promotor site, and can be inserted into bacteria which will then run your program.

In this case the program just instructs bacteria to build up a store of HELLQWQRLD in their cytoplasm. If you lyse the bacteria, and isolate peptides, the text will show up in the analysis with a very strong signal.

A future improvement might be to include an export sequence, so that you can skip the trouble of doing lysis.

Kim Bruning 09:03, 8 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Another idea would be, can it be changed to result in pyrrolysine in place of glutamine? Is this possible? --Zzo38 (talk) 10:50, 15 April 2013 (UTC)

Battle of the Morannon — D'oh… very stupid of me not to correct that. I was only focusing on the broken english, not the facts. Good catch. [[User_talk:Anárion|Ана́рыён]] 20:51, 11 Sep 2004 (UTC)

On the GPS page, I changed the spelling back to cesium from your change of caesium. According to numerous dictionaries, the spellings are interchangable. In most of the documentation from the US government on the GPS system and their atomic clock systems, cesium is used. I am therefore keeping it within that context and reverting back to that spelling. --Richss 01:01, Sep 24, 2004 (UTC)

Lord of the Rings storyline
I'm concerned that if we start explaining the entire storyline, it's going to take over the article, which is already quite long enough. (There are also numerous articles that already discuss many of the events. (See History of Arda, Timeline of Arda, Third Age.)

The individual articles for the volumes already contain brief synopses.
 * The Fellowship of the Ring (book)
 * The Two Towers (book)
 * The Return of the King (book)

Perhaps it would be better to simply link to those pages under "storyline" (maybe with an extremely brief synopsis, a couple of sentences at most) and then if you would like to develop it a bit further, do that on the individual pages. I would go ahead and do that, but I don't want you to lose all of your text so I thought perhaps you might like to do it yourself. [[User:Aranel|Aranel ("Sarah")]] 14:20, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Hmmm. I think maybe we should just link to the individual articles then. I'll go do it. Eric119 15:36, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Faramir the Steward
By a technicality, Faramir *was* the last Ruling Steward: Aragorn did not take the crown until after Faramir had recovered, so Faramir was Ruling Steward from at least March 15th 3019 T.A. (death of Denethor II) to May 1st 3019 T.A. (Coronation of Elessar). That gives him a month and a half, although probably less than a week or two in health. During his illness Gandalf followed by Imrahil ruled, as Aragorn refused. Anárion 21:35, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree with this reasoning. However, in Appendix A to LotR, where Tolkien lists the "Heirs of Anárion" (Hey, it's you!) he wrote "He [Denethor II] was the last of the Ruling Stewards, and was followed by his second son Faramir, Lord of Emyn Arnen." So, while what you're saying makes perfect sense to me, and that's how I'd make it if it were my choice, I think Tolkien overrules this. Eric119 04:25, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Martin the Warrior
Oh, you're right. I forgot that book existed; I'll move it back - the disambig is necessary. Cheers, Whosyourjudas (talk) 21:50, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)

You added to the articles needing attention Peter Armbruster, not sure whether he discovered a bunch of other elements besides 118. I did some work, he did and so I removed the attention tag and the listing from Articles_Needing_Attention EagleFalconn 20:29, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Minor edits
You and the rest of your team have been making excellent and much needed minor edits. In recognition of your dedication, I offer you my sincere gratitude, and this Minor Barnstar. -- User:ClockworkSoul 07:09, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

The Humungous Image Tagging Project
Hi. You've helped with User:Sietse Snel/Fix common mistakes project, so I thought it worth alerting you to the latest and greatest of Wikipedia fixing project, User:Yann/Untagged Images, which is seeking to put copyright tags on all of the untagged images. There are probably, oh, thirty thousand or so to do (he said, reaching into the air for a large figure). But hey: they're images ... you'll get to see lots of random pretty pictures. That must be better than looking for at at and the the, non? You know you'll love it. best wishes --Tagishsimon (talk)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 1000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Period at the end of formula
Hi there. Having nothing better to do, I am now leading a Crusade about style in math articles. Very ofthen I encounter formulas which are at the end of a sentence. Then, I think one should put period at the end of formula, because the sentence ends threre. Anyway, you did not put period at the end of a formula when you contributed to division. It was just several occurences, and it clearly was not a big deal, however, I would like to mention this to you, because it is easier to notify people about something than to always fix things long after. Happy editing! Oleg Alexandrov 23:57, 8 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Interesting. I always disliked putting a period in those places, because it looks like part of the formula. But anyway I guess I'll be putting them in from now on. Or else contriving it that no sentence ends in a formula. :) Eric119 06:15, 9 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Actually I am not perfectly sure about the style, but I think this is the convention on wikipedia, and also on math papers. Thanks for not getting mad at me. :) Oleg Alexandrov 09:48, 9 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Just a thank you note.
I just wanted to thank you for proofing my Wheel of Time edits, also for correcting my erroneous treatment of past comments on the 'The Wheel Of Time' talk page.

Have I committed any other improprieties of which I should be aware? I am new at writing for Wikipedia. -- The Confessor, posted 18FEB2005

WP:WS and R from templates
Hi Eric, Thank you for your note, and the "R from templates" problems look to have been due to things like this, where the template was closed with the wrong brackets - where I saw these I've tried to fix and remove these types of problems from the list, so hopefully all that's left are straight situations of the link pointing to something that doesn't exist. -- All the best, Nickj (t) 05:30, 16 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Game of Life
Hello Eric119, i don't understand your difference of Game of Life and CA. For me, Game of Life is a 2D-Simulation and Game, which runs on a squared Field, which every Field is in relation to it's eight Neighbars. If it is 23/3 or 34/3 or 245/3 or 1357/1357, it is for me Game of Life, if all eight Neighbars count. If the CA is 1D or if only the 4 direct Neighbars or the 24 surrounded Neigbars counted, every CA ist different from Game of Life. But if the number of eight neighbars to the middle cell count, it is Game of Life, how ever the rues is (from / to 12345678/12345678). --Arbol01 22:04, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * The "Game of Life" refers only to rule 23/3. Some other rules are said to be in the "Life family" or are "Life-like". And as you state cellular automata themselves are much more general, allowing an arbitrary number of dimensions and states, and an arbitrary neighborhood. Eric119 01:11, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Still life
Regarding Oscillator (CA), I just wonder, is the plural of "still life" indeed "still lifes"? I should have asked you this quiestion a while ago, but I never quite got to it. Thanks. Oleg Alexandrov 01:06, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, I'm certain the plural is "still lifes". My dictionary corroborates. Eric119 05:13, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)

hi Eric,
Say, thanks for the edit you made to Planck units. that was an ambiguity that slipped by me. BTW, i, too, am a Christian that's into physics. professionally, i design and code signal processing algorithms for audio and music signals (an electrical engineer). but the concept of "natural units" and that these dimensionful constants like $$ c \ $$ and $$ \hbar \ $$ and $$ G \ $$ and $$ \epsilon_0 \ $$ are nothing other than human constructs (they help us understand the natural scaling of nature) and that only dimensionless constants ( $$ \alpha \ $$ being the most prominent) are numbers (possibly defined by God) that are the "fine-tuning" settings of the universe. these concepts are intriguing to me. welcome to wiki. r b-j 01:35, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Hello to you too
And thanks for the welcome! Truth be told, I've made a few edits here before, but only just now gotten around to making an account for myself.

BTW, you forgot to sign your welcome message... I had to poke around in the History tab to know where it came from. :-)

cheers

Typogfk 20:04, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

chess template
Hi,

I've been trying to figure out the best way to put chess position templates into a thumbnail box with a caption (as is done with images), and also the best way to float such templates to the right. In my experience, just telling tables or divs to float right sometimes results in bad rendering, with overlapping items pushing each-other horizontally, and cramming the text to the left. So I've been putting them inside a div with class="thumb tright" which is the class used in mediawiki-generated html to generate a floating thumbnail. class="floatright" seems to be the one used for unframed images. I'm not really clear on the difference between these two css classes.

Anyway, I noticed that you altered the "Excelsior" chess problem article to use a simple right-aligned table, and also got rid of the border. I'd prefer finding a way to get these darn things to render just like other images in thumbnails, but I can't figure out exactly how. Any thoughts on the best way to do this?

Instead of responding here or on my talk page, I think it'd be better to keep discussion on template talk:chess position. Thanks! --jacobolus (t) 11:04, 25 May 2005 (UTC)

Metric prefixes articles
Since you are cleaning up redirects, are you the one who cluttered up Unofficial SI prefixes with prefixes which are not SI, have never been seriously suggested as candidates for inclusion in SI, and which should not be in this article under its current name? If it wasn't you, who did it? See Talk:Unofficial SI prefixes. Gene Nygaard 02:17, May 29, 2005 (UTC)

I guess I forgot to mention that myria-, at least, is an official prefix. It has been, for example, part of United States law for nearly 139 years (Act of July 28, 1866, codified in 15 U.S.C. §205). It is one whose use is now deprecated, but that doesn't make it an "unofficial SI" prefix. Gene Nygaard 02:36, May 29, 2005 (UTC)

GoE
Would you mind commenting on Talk:Garden of Eden pattern? Dysprosia 23:25, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Wikipedia widow
As the author and after further reflection under more sober circumstances I have tagged this article for speedy deletion as I believe it meets the criterion of General article 7 (1.2.7) at WP:CSD. hydnjo talk 20:43, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

Visual Basic Classic Wikibook
I see you have contributed to the Visual Basic article on Wikipedia. Any chance you would like to join in editing the wikibook: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Programming:Visual_Basic_Classic? --Kjwhitefoot 09:50, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

 * No, sorry, not really. I haven't used VB at all in years. I looked into the article history and all my "contributions" were minor changes to the wikisyntax, and changing "Gnome" to "GNOME". Actually, I think I can see a way to improve the wording... [vanishes] Eric119 05:32, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

WP:CP
Hi, you've reported copyright infringements to WP:CP in the last week, a new measure was recently passed to allow the speedy deltion of new pages that are cut and paste copyvios. Please follow these instructions if you come across this type of copyvio. Thanks. --nixie 00:22, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Template question
Eric119, I've used Template:Db-talk (which you wrote) a couple of times recently, and I've realized that, because it goes on a talk page, the link for "its talk page" becomes Talk talk:{pagename}. Probably that part of the text should just be removed. I'm not really up on template-editing, so I thought I should point it out to whoever created it. Thanks. Chick Bowen 21:19, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

Wikipedia Watch
is this the only sock puppet of Daniel Brandt?? --23:51, 11 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Er, I have no idea. Eric119 05:02, 12 December 2005 (UTC)

Neologisms
Hi Eric, a while ago you made comments on the Avoid neologisms guideline. I am proposing a revision to the guideline and I'm soliciting your comments. You can find the link to my rewrite at Wikipedia_talk:Avoid_neologisms -- cmh 00:51, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

King's Quest The Silver Lining
Hi Eric, saw that u made some corrections to King's Quest 8 sometime back. Almost a yr. back. Now that King's Quest 9 is a work in progress, was wondering if u would be interested in writing something about that. You can find the latest things at www.tsl-game.com. I have also said the same on the talk page at King's Quest_VIII http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:King%27s_Quest_VIII:_The_Mask_of_Eternity#Inconsistencies05:35, 2 June 2006 (UTC) --[[User:Shirishag75|Shirishag75]] 08:09, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

TfD nomination of Template:Db-r4
Template:Db-r4 has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for Deletion page. Thank you. ais523 09:49, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

Today's featured article
Tobacman 00:26, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

addLoadEvent
Hi, one of your user scripts uses the  function (see ). This function will be removed from MediaWiki:Common.js soon. Please modify your scripts to use  instead. —Ruud 18:36, 26 November 2006 (UTC)

Life32
A template has been added to the article Life32, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice explains why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. If you endorse deletion of the article, and you are the only person who has made substantial edits to the page, please tag it with db-author.  Whispe ring  11:40, 17 August 2007 (UTC)

Mirek's Cellebration
A template has been added to the article Mirek's Cellebration, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice explains why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. If you endorse deletion of the article, and you are the only person who has made substantial edits to the page, please tag it with db-author.  Whispe ring  11:47, 17 August 2007 (UTC)

Possibly unfree File:LFSR-17bit.png
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Invitation to join the Ten Year Society
Dear Eric,

I'd like to extend a cordial invitation to you to join the Ten Year Society, an informal group for editors who've been participating in the Wikipedia project for ten years or more. It's always nice to happen across old-timers who've been quietly editing away since the beginning.

Best regards, —  Scott  •  talk  07:07, 31 July 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 08:52, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Good article reassessment for En passant
En passant has been nominated for a good article reassessment. If you are interested in the discussion, please participate by adding your comments to the reassessment page. If concerns are not addressed during the review period, the good article status may be removed from the article. 48JCL (talk) 19:36, 22 May 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Eric119


text:
User:Grape~enwiki

Yes, this is my page.

Yawn.

title: User:Grape~enwiki