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University of Pennsylvania Law School

The University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School (also known as Penn Carey Law, or Penn Law) is the law school of the University of Pennsylvania, a private Ivy League research university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Penn Carey Law offers the degrees of Juris Doctor (J.D.), Master of Laws (LL.M.), Master of Comparative Laws (LL.C.M.), Master in Law (M.L.), and Doctor of the Science of Law (S.J.D.).

The entering class typically consists of approximately 250 students and admission is highly selective. Penn Carey Law's 2020 weighted first-time bar passage rate was 98.5 percent. For the class of 2024, 49 percent of students were women, 40 percent identified as persons of color, and 12 percent of students enrolled with an advanced degree.

Among the school's alumni are a U.S. Supreme Court Justice, at least 76 judges of United States court system, 12 state Supreme Court Justices (with 6 serving as Chief Justice), 3 supreme court justices of foreign countries, at least 46 members of United States Congress as well as 9 Olympians, 5 of whom won 13 medals, several founders of law firms, university presidents and deans, business entrepreneurs, leaders in the public sector, and government officials.

18th century
The University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School traces its origins to a series of Lectures on Law delivered in 1790 through 1792 by James Wilson, one of only six signers of the United States Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution. Wilson is credited with being one of the two primary authors (the other being James Madison) of the first draft of such constitution, due to his membership on the Committee of Detail established by the United States Constitutional Convention on July 24, 1787, to draft a text reflecting the agreements made by the Convention up to that point.

As a professor at the Law School at Penn, Wilson gave these lectures on law to President George Washington and Vice President John Adams and the rest of George Washington's cabinet, including Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson. Wilson was one of the original five U.S. Supreme Court associate justices nominated by George Washington and confirmed by the U.S. Senate via unanimous voice vote on September 26, 1789. In 1792, Wilson was appointed as Penn's first full professor of law.

19th century
In 1817, Penn trustees appointed Charles Willing Hare as the second professor of law. Hare taught for one year before becoming "afflicted with loss of reason."

Penn began offering a full-time program in law in 1850, under the leadership of the third professor of law at the Law Department of the University of Pennsylvania, George Sharswood. Sharswood was also named Dean of Penn's Law School in 1852 and served through 1867, and was later appointed as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania (1879 - 1882).

In 1852, Penn was the first law school in the nation to publish a law journal. Then called The American Law Register, the University of Pennsylvania Law Review is the nation's oldest law review and one of the most-cited law journals in the world.

In 1881, Carrie Burnham Kilgore became the first woman admitted to, and, in 1883, to graduate from, Penn Law, and subsequently became first woman admitted to practice law in Pennsylvania. In 1888, Aaron Albert Mossell became the first African-American man to earn a law degree from Penn. Sadie Tanner Mossell Alexander, Mossell's daughter, was awarded the Frances Sergeant Pepper fellowship in 1921 and subsequently became the first African-American to receive a PhD in economics in the United States, a degree she earned at the University of Pennsylvania. In 1927, Alexander became the first African-American woman to graduate from Penn Law and in 1929, she became the first African-American woman to be admitted to practice law in Pennsylvania.

William Draper Lewis was named dean of Penn Law in 1896.

20th century
In 1900, the trustees of the University of Pennsylvania approved his and others' request to move the Law School to the core of campus and to its current location at the intersection of 34th and Chestnut Streets. Under Lewis' deanship, the Law School was one of the first schools to emphasize legal teaching by full-time professors instead of practitioners, a system that is still followed today.

As legal education became more formalized, the school initiated a three-year curriculum and instituted stringent admissions requirements.

After 30 years with the Law School, Lewis founded the American Law Institute (ALI) in 1925, which was seated in the Law School and was chaired by Lewis himself. The ALI was later chaired by another Penn Law Dean, Herbert Funk Goodrich and Penn Law Professors George Wharton Pepper and Geoffrey C. Hazard Jr.

In 1969, Martha Field became the first woman to join the faculty at the Law School at Penn; she is now a professor at Harvard Law School. Other notable women who have been or are presently professors at Penn Carey Law include Lani Guinier, Elizabeth Warren, Anita L. Allen, and Dorothy Roberts.

From 1974 to 1978, the dean of the Law School was Louis Pollak, who later became a federal judge. Since Pollak ascended to the bench, Penn Law's deans have included James O. Freedman, former president of Dartmouth College, Colin Diver, former president of Reed College, and Michael Fitts, current president of Tulane University.

21st century
In November 2019, the Law School received a $125 million donation from the W.P. Carey Foundation, the largest single donation to any law school to date; the school was renamed University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, in honor of the foundation's first president, alumnus Francis J. Carey (1926–2014), who was the brother of William Polk Carey (1930 - 2012), founder of the W. P. Carey Inc. REIT, and of the charitable foundation. The change was met by some controversy, and a petition to quash the abbreviated "Carey Law", in favor of the traditional "Penn Law", was circulated and it was agreed that the official short form name for the next few years could remain "Penn Law" and/or "Penn Carey Law".

Osagie O. Imasogie, a 1985 graduate of Penn Law, is the current Chair of the University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School Board of Overseers, having replaced Perry Golkin on January 1, 2021. Imasogie has been a member of Penn Law School Board of Overseers since 2006 and more recently a Trustee on the Board of Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania. Imasogie, a graduate of two law schools in Nigeria and London School of Economics and Political Science, has held senior positions with a diverse group of professional services and bio-tech companies such as GSK, DuPont, Merck, Price Waterhouse, Schnader Harrison Segal & Lewis and is presently an adjunct professor at Penn Law, where he teaches a seminar on “Intellectual Property and National Economic Value Creation”. He is the first African-born chair of an American law school.

Except for the period of time during which the Law School's policy prohibited military recruiters from recruiting on the law school campus, when the military openly refused to hire gays, bisexuals and lesbians, Penn Carey Law has actively supported the armed forces. The Harold Cramer Memorial Scholarship Program was established in June 2021 to ensure that all veterans admitted to the Law School will be able to afford to attend.

Campus
The University of Pennsylvania campus covers over 269 acres (~1 km2) in a contiguous area of West Philadelphia's University City district. All of Penn's schools, including the law school, and most of its research institutes are located on this campus. Much of Penn's architecture was designed by the architecture firm of Cope & Stewardson, whose principal architects combined the Gothic architecture of the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge with the local landscape to establish the Collegiate Gothic style.

The law school consists of four interconnecting buildings around a central courtyard. At the east end of the courtyard is Silverman Hall, built in 1900, housing the Levy Conference Center, classrooms, faculty offices, the Gittis Center for Clinical Legal Studies, and administrative and student offices. Directly opposite is Tanenbaum Hall, home to the Biddle Law Library several law journals, administrative offices, and student spaces. The law library houses 1,053,824 volumes and volume equivalents making it the 4th-largest law library in the country. Gittis Hall sits on the north side and has new classrooms (renovated in 2006) and new and expanded faculty offices. Opposite is Golkin Hall, which contains 40000 sqft and includes a state-of-the-art court room, 350-seat auditorium, seminar rooms, faculty and administrative offices, a two-story entry hall, and a rooftop garden.

A small row of restaurants and shops faces the law school on Sansom Street. Nearby are the Penn Bookstore, the Pottruck Center (a 115000 sqft multi-purpose sports activity area), the Institute of Contemporary Art, a performing arts center, and area shops.

Admissions
For the J.D. class entering in the fall of 2022, 9.74 percent out of 6,816 applicants were offered admission, with 246 matriculating. The class boasted 25th and 75th LSAT percentiles of 166 and 173, respectively, with a median of 172. The 25th and 75th undergraduate GPA percentiles were 3.61 and 3.96, respectively, with a median of 3.90. 13 percent of matriculating students identified as first-generation college students, and 35 percent identified as first-generation professional school students.

Over 1,250 students from 70 countries applied to Penn's LLM program for the fall of 2019. The incoming class consisted of 126 students from more than 30 countries.

The entering class typically consists of approximately 250 students, and admission is highly competitive. Penn Law's July 2018 weighted first-time bar passage rate was 92.09%. The law school is one of the "T14" law schools, that is, schools that have consistently ranked within the top 14 law schools since U.S. News & World Report began publishing rankings. In the class entering in 2018, over half of students were women, over a third identified as persons of color, and 10% of students enrolled with an advanced degree.

Based on student survey responses, ABA and NALP data; 99.6 percent of the Class of 2020 obtained full-time employment after graduation. The median salary for the Class of 2019 was $190,000, as 75.2 percent of students joined law firms and 11.6 percent obtained judicial clerkships. The law school was ranked #2 of all law schools nationwide by the National Law Journal, for sending the highest percentage of 2019 graduates to join the 100 largest law firms in the U.S., constituting 58.4 percent.

Multidisciplinary Focus
Throughout its modern history, Penn has been known for its strong focus on inter-disciplinary studies, a character that was shaped early on by Dean William Draper Lewis. Its medium-size student body and the tight integration with the rest of Penn's schools (the "One University Policy") have been instrumental in achieving that aim. More than 50 percent of the Law School's courses are interdisciplinary, and it offers more than 20 joint and dual degree programs, including a JD/MBA (Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania), a JD/PhD in Communication (Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania), and a JD/MD (Perelman School of Medicine).

Various certificate programs that can be completed within the three-year JD program, e.g. in Business and Public Policy, in conjunction with the Wharton School), in Cross-Sector Innovation with the School of Social Policy & Practice, in International Business and Law with the Themis Joint Certificate with ESADE Law School in Barcelona, Spain, and in Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (SCAN). 19 percent of the Class of 2007 earned a certificate. 57 percent of the Class of 2020 and 52 percent of the Class of 2021 pursued a Certifiate.

Penn Law also offers joint degrees with international affiliates, such as Sciences Po (France), ESADE (Spain), and the University of Hong Kong Faculty of Law. The School has further expanded its international programs with the addition of the International Internship Program, the International Summer Human Rights Program, and the Global Research Seminar, all under the umbrella of the Penn Law Global Initiative. Penn Law takes part in a number of international annual events, such as the Monroe E. Price Media Law Moot Court Competition at the University of Oxford and the Waseda Transnational Program at the Waseda Law School in Tokyo.

Clinics and externships
For more than 40 years, students in Penn Law’s Gittis Center for Clinical Legal Studies have had the opportunity to learn valuable practical legal skills and put theory into practice while helping many clients in the community. The Law School offers in-house clinics, including: civil practice, criminal defense, the Detkin intellectual property and technology legal clinic, entrepreneurship, interdisciplinary child advocacy, legislative, mediation, and transnational. Students can also receive credit for completing externships with non-profit and government institutes such as the ACLU of Pennsylvania or the City of Philadelphia Law Department.

Toll Public Interest Center and related activities
Penn was the first national law school to establish a mandatory pro bono program, and the first law school to win the American Bar Association's Pro Bono Publico Award. The public interest center was founded in 1989 and was renamed the Toll Public Interest Center in 2006 in acknowledgement of a $10 million gift from Robert Toll (Executive Chairman of the Board of Toll Brothers) and Jane Toll. In 2011, the Tolls donated an additional $2.5 million. In October 2020, The Robert and Jane Toll Foundation announced that it was donating fifty million dollars ($50,000,000) to Penn Law, which is the largest gift in history to be devoted entirely to the training and support of public interest lawyers, and among the ten (10) largest gifts ever to a law school in the United States of America. The gift expands the Toll Public Interest Scholars and Fellows Program by doubling the number of public interest graduates in the coming decade through a combination of full and partial tuition scholarships. The Toll Public Interest Center has supported many students who have pursued public interest fellowships and work following graduation.

Students complete 70 hours of pro bono service as a condition of graduation. More than half of the Class of 2021 substantially exceeded the requirement. Students can create their own placements, or work through over 30 student-led organizations that focus their pro bono service in a variety of substantive areas.

The Law School awards Toll Public Interest Scholarships to accomplished public interest matriculants, and has a generous Public Interest Loan Repayment Program for graduates pursuing careers in public interest. Students interested in public interest work receive funding for summer positions through money from the student-run Equal Justice Foundation or via funding from Penn Law. Additionally, the Law School funds students interested in working internationally through the International Human Rights Fellowship.

Centers and Institutes
Penn Law hosts eleven different academic centers, institutes, programs, and research groups wherein students and faculty work together on interdisciplinary scholarship. Notable among them are the Penn Program on Regulation, directed by professor of law and political science Cary Coglianese; the Quattrone Center for the Fair Administration of Justice, directed by Faculty Director Paul Heaton. Other Centers and Institutes include: Center for Asian Law; Center for Technology, Innovation, and Competition; Institute for Law and Economics; Institute for Law and Philosophy; Criminal Law Research Group; Legal History Consortium; Center for Tax Law and Policy; and Penn Program on Documentaries and the Law.

Biddle Law Library
Penn’s Law library holds over one million volumes, mostly consisting of American primary and secondary materials. Approximately one-third of the Library’s collection is composed of foreign, international, and comparative legal texts. The Library also holds subscriptions for digital resources such as LexisNexis, Westlaw, and Bloomberg Law, which provide students and faculty with access to wide breadth of journal articles, treatises, and case texts.

Biddle is also home to archives from both the American Law Institute and the American College of Bankruptcy. Biddle also holds Penn Law’s own archival collection, which consists of manuscripts, rare books, oral histories, and certain Penn Law school records.

Journals
Students at the law school publish several legal journals. The flagship publication is the University of Pennsylvania Law Review, the oldest law review in the United States. The University of Pennsylvania Law Review started in 1852 as the American Law Register, and was renamed to its current title in 1908. It is one of the most frequently cited law journals in the world, and one of the four journals that are responsible for The Bluebook, along with the Harvard, Yale, and Columbia law journals. Penn Law Review articles have captured seminal historical moments in the 19th and 20th centuries, such as the passage of the 19th Amendment; the lawlessness of the first and second World Wars; the rise of the civil rights movement; and the war in Vietnam.

Other law journals include:
 * University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law, one of the top 50 law journals in the United States based on citations and impact.
 * University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law, formerly known as Journal of International Economic Law, formerly known as Journal of International Business Law, formerly known as Journal of Comparative Business and Capital Market Law
 * University of Pennsylvania Journal of Business Law, formerly known as Journal of Business and Employment Law
 * University of Pennsylvania Journal of Law and Social Change
 * Asian Law Review, formerly known as East Asian Law Review, formerly known as Chinese Law and Policy Review
 * Journal of Law & Public Affairs

U.S. Supreme Court clerkships
Since 2000, Penn has had seven alumni serve as judicial clerks at the United States Supreme Court. This record gives Penn a ranking of 10th among all law schools for supplying such law clerks for the period 2000-2019. Penn has placed 48 clerks at the U.S. Supreme Court in its history, ranked 11th among law schools; this group includes Curtis R. Reitz, who is the Algernon Sydney Biddle Professor of Law, Emeritus at Penn.

Employment
According to ABA and NALP data, 99.6 percent of the Class of 2020 obtained full-time employment after graduation. The median salary for the Class of 2019 was $190,000, as 75.2 percent of students joined law firms and 11.6 percent obtained a judicial clerkship. Penn combines a strong tradition in public service with being one of the top feeders of law students to the most prestigious law firms. Penn Law was the first top-ranked law school to establish a mandatory pro bono requirement, and the first law school to win American Bar Association's Pro Bono Publico Award. Many students pursue public interest careers with the support of fellowship grants such as the Skadden Fellowship, called by The Los Angeles Times "a legal Peace Corps."

About 75 percent of each graduating class enters private practice, bringing with them the ethos of pro bono service. In 2020, the Law School placed more than 70 percent of its graduates into the United States' top law firms, maintaining Penn's rank as the number one law school in the nation for the percentage of students securing employment at these top law firms. The Law School was ranked #4 of all law schools nationwide by Law.com in terms of sending the highest percentage of 2021 graduates to the largest 100 law firms in the U.S. (55 percent).

Based on student survey responses, ABA, and NALP data, 99.2% of the Class of 2018 obtained full-time employment after graduation, with a median salary of $180,000, as 76% of students joined law firms and 11% obtained judicial clerkships. The law school was ranked # 2 of all law schools nationwide by the National Law Journal in terms of sending the highest percentage of 2018 graduates to the 100 largest law firms in the US (60%).

Costs
The total cost of attendance (including tuition of $63,610, fees, living expenses, and other expenses), for J.D. students for the 2020-2021 academic year was estimated by the university to be $98,920. The estimated cost of attendance increased by over 7% to $105,932 for the 2023-2024 academic year.

Federal Courts
Supreme Court Intermediary Appellate Courts
 * Owen Roberts, U.S. Supreme Court Justice

Trial Courts
 * Arlin Adams, Circuit Judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
 * James Hunter III, Circuit Judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
 * Harry Ellis Kalodner, Circuit Judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
 * Phyllis Kravitch, Senior Circuit Judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
 * Max Rosenn, Circuit Judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
 * Patty Shwartz, Circuit Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
 * Dolores Sloviter, Circuit Judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
 * Helene N. White, Circuit Judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit

 * Alan N. Bloch, District Judge on the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania
 * Margo Kitsy Brodie, Chief District Judge on the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York
 * Allison D. Burroughs, District Judge on the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts
 * Rudolph Contreras, District Judge on the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia
 * Herbert Allan Fogel, U.S. district judge on the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
 * Gerald Garson, New York Supreme Court Justice
 * James S. Halpern, Judge on the U.S. Tax Court
 * Abdul Kallon, District Judge on the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Alabama
 * John C. Knox, Chief Judge on the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York
 * Peter Brunswick Krauser, Chief Judge on the Court of Special Appeals of Maryland
 * Juan Ramon Sánchez, Chief United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
 * Allen G. Schwartz, District Judge on the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York
 * Murray Merle Schwartz, District Judge on the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware
 * Norma Levy Shapiro, District Judge on the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
 * Charles R. Weiner, District Judge on the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania

State Supreme Courts

 * Alexander F. Barbieri (July 6, 1907 – January 1993) Penn College Class of 1929, Penn Law Class of 1932: Justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court who was then appointed to the Pennsylvania Supreme Court in 1971 (but was defeated for election in 1971
 * Herbert B. Cohen, Justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court
 * James Harry Covington, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia
 * Richard L. Gabriel, Justice of the Colorado Supreme Court
 * Randy J. Holland, Justice of the Delaware Supreme Court
 * William H. Lamb, (born 1940) Penn Law Class of 1965): former justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court (January 29 2003 until January of 2004)
 * Daniel John Layton, Chief Justice of the Delaware Supreme Court
 * James T. Mitchell (November 9, 1834 – July 4, 1915) Penn Law Class of 1860: Associate Justice (1889 to 1903) and Chief Justice (1903 to 1910) of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
 * Robert Nelson Cornelius Nix, Jr., Chief Justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court
 * Deborah Tobias Poritz, Chief Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court
 * Horace Stern, Chief Justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court
 * George Sharswood, Chief Justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court
 * Leo E. Strine Jr., Chief Justice on the Delaware Supreme Court
 * Karen L. Valihura, Justice of the Delaware Supreme Court

Foreign Courts

 * Gerard Hogan, Justice of the Court of Appeal of Ireland
 * Yvonne Mokgoro, Justice of the Constitutional Court of South Africa
 * Ayala Procaccia, Justice of the Supreme Court of Israel
 * Ronald Wilson, Justice of the High Court of Australia
 * Jasper Yeates Brinton, Justice of the Egyptian Supreme Court, and former U.S. Legal Advisor to Egypt

Government (Executive)

 * Philip Werner Amram, Asst. Attorney General of the United States, 1939–42
 * John C. Bell Jr., Governor of Pennsylvania
 * Louis A. Bloom, Pennsylvania State Representative (1947–1952)
 * William H. Brown, III, chairman, EEOC
 * Joseph M. Carey, Governor of Wyoming
 * Gilbert F. Casellas, chairman, EEOC and General Counsel of the Air Force
 * Joseph Sill Clark, U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania and Mayor of Philadelphia
 * Walter J. "Jay" Clayton III, chairman, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, 2017–present.
 * Josiah E. DuBois Jr., U.S. State Department official, instrumental in Holocaust rescue
 * James H. Duff, Governor of Pennsylvania
 * Thomas K. Finletter, U.S Secretary of the Air Force, 1950–1953; Ambassador to NATO, 1961–65
 * Shirley Franklin, Mayor of Atlanta, 2002–10
 * Lindley Miller Garrison, U.S. Secretary of War, 1913–16
 * Oscar Goodman, Mayor of Las Vegas, Nevada
 * William B. Gray, United States Attorney for Vermont, 1977-1981
 * E. Grey Lewis, general counsel of the U.S. Navy
 * Jena Griswold, Colorado Secretary of State
 * Henry G. Hager, Pennsylvania State Senator (1973–1984), President pro tempore of the Pennsylvania Senate (1981–1984)
 * Earl G. Harrison, Commissioner of the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1942–44
 * Charles A. Heimbold, Jr., Penn Law Class of 1960, U.S. Ambassador to Sweden and former chairman and CEO of Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
 * Henry Martyn Hoyt, Jr., Solicitor General of the United States, Governor of Pennsylvania
 * Robert F. Kent, Pennsylvania State Representative (1947–1956) and Pennsylvania State Treasurer (1957–1961)
 * Conor Lamb, US Representative for Pennsylvania’s 17th Congressional District
 * Andrew Lelling, U.S. Attorney for Massachusetts.
 * Lloyd Lowndes Jr., Governor of Maryland
 * Albert Dutton MacDade, Pennsylvania State Senator and Judge in the Pennsylvania Court of Common Pleas
 * Harry Arista Mackey, Mayor of Philadelphia
 * John G. McCullough, Governor of Vermont
 * William M. Meredith, U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, 1849–50
 * Charles Robert Miller, Governor of Delaware
 * Samuel W. Pennypacker, Governor of Pennsylvania
 * Raul Roco, former presidential candidate and Secretary of Education in the Philippines
 * Mary Gay Scanlon, US Representative for Pennsylvania’s 5th Congressional District
 * Martin J. Silverstein, U.S. Ambassador to Uruguay
 * Heath Tarbert, Nominee for Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for International Markets and Development in the U.S. (2017)
 * Robert J. Walker, U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, 1840–45
 * Charles A. Waters, Pennsylvania State Treasurer, Pennsylvania Auditor General, and judge in the Pennsylvania Courts of Common Pleas
 * George W. Wickersham, Attorney General of the United States, 1909–1913; instrumental in the breakup of Standard Oil; President of the Council on Foreign Relations (1933–36)
 * George Washington Woodruff, Acting U.S. Secretary of the Interior under President Theodore Roosevelt
 * Faith Whittlesey, United States Ambassador to Switzerland
 * Chiang Wan-an, Mayor of Taipei

Academia

 * Sadie Tanner Mossell Alexander, the first African-American woman to receive a PhD in the U.S. and graduated from Penn Law in 1927
 * Anthony Amsterdam, professor at New York University School of Law
 * Janice R. Bellace, first president of Singapore Management University
 * Robert Butkin, dean of the University of Tulsa College of Law
 * Jesse Choper, Dean of the University of California, Berkeley, School of Law
 * William Draper Lewis, founder of the American Law Institute and Dean of Penn Law
 * Khaled Abou El Fadl, professor of law at UCLA School of Law
 * Douglas Frenkel, Morris Shuster Practice Professor of Law, director of Mediation Clinic, Penn Law
 * Murray Gerstenhaber, professor of mathematics at the University of Pennsylvania
 * Earl G. Harrison, Dean of the University of Pennsylvania Law School
 * Fred Hilmer, vice-Ccancellor of the University of New South Wales
 * Caroline Burnham Kilgore, Penn Law's first female graduate (1883)
 * Kit Kinports, professor of law, Polisher Family Distinguished Faculty Scholar at Penn State Law
 * Roberta Rosenthal Kwall, Raymond P. Niro Professor of Intellectual Property Law, founding director of the Center for Intellectual Property Law & Information Technology at DePaul University College of Law
 * William Draper Lewis, Dean of the University of Pennsylvania Law School
 * Peter J. Liacouras, chancellor of Temple University
 * Carrie Menkel-Meadow, Chancellor’s Professor of Law at UC Irvine School of Law
 * Beverly I. Moran, professor of law, Vanderbilt Law School
 * Curtis Reitz, the Algernon Sydney Biddle Professor of Law at the University of Pennsylvania Law School
 * Owen Roberts, Dean of the University of Pennsylvania Law School, US Supreme Court Justice
 * William Schnader, drafter of the Uniform Commercial Code
 * Louis B. Schwartz, the Benjamin Franklin and University Professor of Law at the University of Pennsylvania Law School.
 * Rodney K. Smith, president of Southern Virginia University
 * Bernard Wolfman, Dean of the University of Pennsylvania Law School
 * Mark Yudof, president of the University of California system, Dean of the University of Texas School of Law
 * John Frederick Zeller III, president of Bucknell University

Private practice

 * James Harry Covington, co-founder of international law firm Covington & Burling
 * Isabel Darlington, second woman to graduate from Penn Law and first to practice law in Chester County, Pennsylvania
 * George Wharton Pepper, U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania, and founder of national law firm Pepper Hamilton
 * Russell Duane, co-founder of international law firm Duane Morris
 * Stephen Cozen, co-founder of international law firm Cozen O'Connor
 * William Schnader, drafter of the Uniform Commercial Code, co-founder of national law firm Schnader Harrison Segal & Lewis
 * Bernard G. Segal, chairman of Schnader Harrison Segal & Lewis

Business

 * Safra Catz, CEO of Oracle Corporation
 * David L. Cohen, executive vice-president of Comcast; former chief of staff to Philadelphia mayor, Ed Rendell
 * Peter Detkin, co-founder of Intellectual Ventures; former vice-president and assistant general counsel at Intel
 * Paul Haaga, chairman of Capital Research and Management Company, and acting CEO of NPR
 * Sam Hamadeh, founder of Vault.com
 * Charles A. Heimbold Jr., CEO of Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
 * Gerald M. Levin, CEO of Time Warner
 * Scott Mead, partner and managing director of Goldman Sachs
 * Edward Benjamin Shils, professor and founder of the first research center for entrepreneurial studies in the world, at the Wharton School
 * Henry Silverman, CEO of Cendant Corporation
 * Gigi Sohn, founder and president of Public Knowledge
 * Steven H. Temares, CEO of Bed Bath & Beyond
 * Robert I. Toll, businessman who co-founded Toll Brothers

Sports

 * Irving Baxter (1876 - 1957) Penn Law Class of 1901 competed in the 1900 Olympic Games in Paris, France where he won three silver and two gold medals, winning both the high jump and pole vault competitions and placing second in the standing high jump, the standing triple jump, and the standing long jump; retired from competitive track and field without ever having lost a high jumping contest; admitted to the State Bar of New York, worked at the firm of Nash and Jones on Wall Street, appointed special judge for City of Utica, NY and U.S. Commissioner of the Northern District of New York
 * Anita DeFrantz, 1976 Olympic bronze medalist in the women's eight-oared shell; first woman and first African-American to represent the United States on the International Olympic Committee (IOC); first female vice president of the IOC; two-time vice president of the International Rowing Federation
 * John Heisman, namesake of the Heisman Trophy, graduated from the law school in 1892
 * Sarah Elizabeth Hughes, Class of 2018, (born 1985) a former competitive figure skater who is the 2002 Winter Olympics Gold Medalist Champion and the 2001 World bronze medalist in ladies' singles
 * George Washington Woodruff (February 22, 1864 – March 24, 1934) Penn Law Class of 1895, Coach of Penn Crew (1892 through 1896) and Penn Football (1896 through 1901); as football coach (who originated “guards back,” “delayed pass,” and “flying interference” tactics) he compiled 124-15-2 record, including three undefeated seasons in 1894, 1895 and 1897 earning him election to the College Football Hall of Fame and his teams being recognized as national champions in 1894, 1895, and 1897; also served on number of government positions, chief law officer in the National Forest Service, Acting United States secretary of the interior under President Theodore Roosevelt, Pennsylvania Attorney General, federal judge for Territory of Hawaii

Media and the arts

 * John Cromwell Bell, Jr. (Penn College Class of 1914 and Penn Law Class of 1917) a founding partner of law firm Bell, Murdoch, Paxson and Dilworth (now known as Dilworth Paxson LLP), appointed as Pennsylvania Secretary of Banking from 1939 to 1942, elected 18th Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania and Speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, and for nineteen (19) days in 1947 automatically succeeded (due to resignation of incumbent Governor) to become 33rd Governor of Pennsylvania., appointed Justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania in 1951, served as Chief Justice from August 1961 until his retirement in January 1972
 * John Cromwell Bell, Sr. (Penn Law Class of 1884) served as District Attorney of Philadelphia (1903–1907), 45th Attorney General of Pennsylvania (January 17, 1911 – January 19, 1915), director of Penn's athletic program, chaired Penn Football committee, was a Penn trustee (1911–), helped found the NCAA, and served on Intercollegiate Football Rules Committee responsible for many of the rule changes made in collegiate football in its early years.
 * Renee Chenault-Fattah, co-anchor of weekday edition of WCAU NBC 10 News in Philadelphia
 * Mark Haines, host on CNBC television network
 * Moe Jaffe, (Wharton Undergraduate Class of 1923 and Penn Law Class of 1926) bandleader and songwriter
 * El McMeen, guitarist
 * Norman Pearlstine, editor-in-chief of Time
 * Lisa Scottoline, author of legal thrillers
 * Michael Smerconish (born 1984) Penn Law Class of 1987: American television and radio host on CNN and SiriusXM

Notable faculty
The law school's faculty is selected to match its inter-disciplinary orientation. Seventy percent of the standing faculty hold advanced degrees beyond the JD, and more than a third hold secondary appointments in other departments at the university. The law school is well known for its corporate law group, with professors Jill Fisch and David Skeel being regularly included among the best corporate and securities law scholars in the country. The School has also built a strong reputation for its law and economics group (professors Tom Baker, Jon Klick, and Natasha Sarin), its criminal law group (professors Stephanos Bibas, Leo Katz, Stephen J. Morse, Paul H. Robinson, and David Rudovsky) and its legal history group (professors Sally Gordon, Sophia Lee, Serena Mayeri, Karen Tani). Some notable Penn Law faculty members include:

 * Anita L. Allen, Henry R. Silverman Professor of Law and professor of philosophy
 * Tom Baker, deputy dean and insurance law
 * Stephanos Bibas, criminal law scholar, current judge for the US Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
 * Stephen B. Burbank, David Berger Professor for the Administration of Justice
 * Cary Coglianese, Edward B. Shils Professor of Law and professor of political science; director, Penn Program on Regulation
 * Douglas Frenkel, Morris Shuster Practice Professor of Law, director of Mediation Clinic
 * Leo Katz, Frank Carano Professor of Law
 * Jonathan Klick, Charles A. Heimbold, Jr. Professor of Law
 * Michael Knoll, Theodore K. Warner Professor of Law & Professor of Real Estate; Co-Director, Center for Tax Law and Policy
 * Charles ("Chuck") Mooney Jr., Charles A. Heimbold, Jr. Professor of Law
 * Curtis R. Reitz, commercial law; Pennsylvania representative to the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws
 * Dorothy E. Roberts, George A. Weiss University Professor of Law and Sociology and Raymond Pace and Sadie Tanner Mossell Alexander Professor of Civil Rights
 * Kermit Roosevelt, David Berger Professor for the Administration of Justice
 * David Rudovsky, civil rights and criminal defense
 * Chris William Sanchirico, Samuel A. Blank Professor of Law, Business, and Public Policy; Co-Director, Center for Tax Law and Policy
 * Anthony Joseph Scirica, current judge, and former chief judge, of the US Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
 * Beth Simmons, Andrea Mitchell University Professor in Law, Political Science, and Business Ethics
 * Amy Wax, Robert Mundheim Professor of Law and neurologist
 * Tobias Barrington Wolff, Jefferson B. Fordham Professor of Law; Deputy Dean, Alumni Engagement and Inclusion
 * Christopher Yoo, John H. Chestnut Professor of Law, Communication, and Computer & Information Science; Director, Center for Technology, Innovation & Competition

The School's faculty is complemented by renowned international visitors in the frames of the Bok Visiting International Professors Program. Past and present Bok professors include Helena Alviar (Dean of Faculty of Law, University of the Andes), Pratap Bhanu Mehta (President of the Centre for Policy Research in India), Armin von Bogdandy (Director at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law), Radhika Coomaraswamy (Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations, Special Rapporteur for Children and Armed Conflict 2006-2012, Member of the UN Fact Finding Mission on Myanmar), Juan Guzmán Tapia (the first judge who prosecuted former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet), Indira Jaising (Former Additional Solicitor General of India), Maina Kiai (UN Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 2011-2017), Akua Kuenyehia (Former Judge of the International Criminal Court; Former Law Dean of University of Ghana), Pratap Bhanu Mehta (President of the Centre for Policy Research in India), and Michael Trebilcock (Distinguished University Professor at the University of Toronto).

Some of Penn's former faculty members have continued their careers at other institutions (e.g., Bruce Ackerman (now at Yale), Lani Guinier (now at Harvard),  Michael H. Schill (now at Oregon), Myron T. Steele (now at Virginia), and Elizabeth Warren (at Harvard until her election to the United States Senate).

title: University of Pennsylvania Law School


text:
Butterfly bend

The butterfly bend is a knot used to join the ends of two ropes together. It is the analogous bend form of the butterfly loop, in that it is the butterfly loop with the loop cut. The observation that the butterfly loop is secure enough to isolate a worn or damaged section of rope within the loop indicated that the bend form of the knot would be similarly secure.

History
When Phil D. Smith made the first known presentation of the Hunter's bend in 1953 (under the name "rigger's bend"), he described it as a modification to the butterfly bend. While the bend form had been known to mountaineers, nautical rigger Brion Toss brought the knot to a wider audience when he published it in 1975. Unaware of the earlier publication, Toss called the butterfly bend the strait bend after the Strait of Juan de Fuca.

Tying
The butterfly bend can be tied using a subset of the methods used for tying the loop form by holding the two rope ends together and treating them as if they were a single bight. However, specific methods have been developed for tying the bend form directly, including the one shown below and characterizable using the mnemonic device "A d through a b; 'twist the two and toward me":

Security
A properly tied butterfly bend should be as secure as the equivalent loop form. However, subtle positioning errors during the above shown tying method can result in a similar looking but insecure bend knot.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Butterfly bend


text:
Corned beef knot

The corned beef knot is a binding knot usually made in small line or string. It gains its name by often being used for binding the meat of the same name while it is being cooked. Since corned beef shrinks during cooking, the knot needs to be tightened several times during the process.

Tying
A buntline hitch is tied to the standing part and moderately tightened. The binding itself is tightened as the meat cooks by sliding the buntline hitch on the standing part. The knot is finished by a half hitch around the working end only after the meat has fully shrunk. It is considered more secure and suitable for this task than the related packer's knot.

title: Corned beef knot


text:
Packer's knot

The packer's knot is a binding knot which is easily pulled taut and quickly locked in position. It is most often made in small line or string, such as that used for hand baling, parcel tying, and binding roasts. This latter use, and its general form, make it a member of a class of similar knots known as butcher's knots.

Tying and variations
A lightly tightened figure-eight knot is formed around the standing part of the line such that both ends emerge from the same point. Pulling on the standing part tightens the binding. After the desired degree of tension is reached, a locking half-hitch is added over the working end and pulled taut.

Even without the locking half-hitch the knot will generally maintain tension while additional tying is accomplished, such as putting a second, perpendicular, wrap on a package.

A similar knot made with an overhand knot instead of a figure-eight works almost as well. Many other variations also exist finishing with this style of locking half-hitch. In fact, Clifford Ashley claimed that there were more knots of this type to be found than any other used for a single purpose.

title: Packer's knot


text:
Poldo tackle

The poldo tackle is a peculiar tension-applying and tension-releasing mechanism.

title: Poldo tackle


text:
Pile hitch

The pile hitch is a kind of hitch, which is a knot used for attaching rope to a pole or other structure. The pile hitch is very easy to tie and can be tied in the bight, without access to either end of the rope, making it a valuable tool.

Tying
To tie, form a loop in the bight, and wrap both strands of this loop around the pole near the pole's end. Pull the loop around and under the rope, then finish by putting the loop itself around the end of the pole.

"A pile hitch may be easily and quickly tied either in the end or bight of a heavy line. It is remarkably secure and is easy to cast off when the left bight has been loosened by a single well-aimed kick. Recommended for medium and heavy lines."

- The Ashley Book of Knots

title: Pile hitch


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Sailor's hitch

The sailor's hitch is a secure, jam-proof hitch knot. A hitch knot is a type of knot that has the ability to fit to the size and shape of an object that it is being tied to.

The sailor's hitch is similar in function and appearance to the swing hitch.

The sailor's hitch can be used in such a way that allows a smaller rope to be attached to a large rope. The smaller rope should be pulled to the left while the bight should go through the final tuck to form the final product of a sailor's hitch.

This knot can also serve the purpose of a cleat hitch.

There is another variation of the knot with several more turns that is called the gripping sailor's hitch. The gripping sailor's hitch is commonly confused with the icicle hitch, but it has distinctions with the last tuck of the knot that allows them to be different.

The sailor's knot is used in the following circumstances:

 * search and rescue
 * mountaineering
 * climbing
 * boating
 * horse and livestock
 * camping
 * scouting

title: Sailor's hitch


text:
Timber hitch

The timber hitch is a knot used to attach a single length of rope to a cylindrical object. Secure while tension is maintained, it is easily untied even after heavy loading.

The timber hitch is a very old knot. It is first known to have been mentioned in a nautical source c. 1625 and illustrated in 1762.

Usage
As the name suggests, this knot is often used by lumbermen and arborists for attaching ropes or chains to tree trunks, branches, and logs. For stability when towing or lowering long items, the addition of a half-hitch in front of the timber hitch creates a timber hitch and a half hitch, or known as a killick hitch when at sea. A killick is "a small anchor or weight for mooring a boat, sometimes consisting of a stone secured by pieces of wood". This can also prevent the timber hitch from rolling. The timber hitch is one of the few knots that can easily be tied in a chain, leading to its use in applications where ropes lack the necessary strength and would break under the same amount of tension.

This knot is also known as the Bowyer's Knot, as it is used to attach the lower end of the bowstring to the bottom limb on an English longbow.

The hitch is also one of the methods used to connect ukulele and classical guitar strings to the bridge of the instruments.

Tying
To make the knot, pass the rope completely around the object. Pass the running end around the standing part, then through the loop just formed. Make three or more turns (or twists) around the working part. Pull on the standing part to tighten around the object.

A common error in tying can be avoided by assuring that the turns are made in the working part around itself. When making the hitch in laid rope, the turns should be made with the lay of the rope, that is, in the same direction as the twist of the rope.

Security
Although The Ashley Book of Knots states that "three tucks or turns are ample", this work was written prior to the wide use of synthetic fiber cordage. Later sources suggest five or more turns may be required for full security in modern ropes.

Nylon, Polyester much more slippery, and 2x as strong for less surface for friction also than natural fiber. Actually pictured is better Figure 8 Timber Hitch. #1669 that doesn't immediately tuck but rides over before tucking. Ashley states can use 1 less tuck.

ABoK Context
The Timber Hitches list almost immediately in "CHAPTER 21: HITCHES TO SPAR AND RAIL (RIGHT-ANGLE PULL)", only preceded there by 3 Half Hitch base forms. The context begins with typical Half Hitch#1662 as worst security/nip warnings warning with Skull/Crossbones, but a base structure to build on. Then shows the most security at top nip/opposing the linear load pull position as a safer Half Hitch form#1663 awarding Anchor icon if constant pull. Then introduces Timber Hitch #1665 concept from extension of worst nip Half Hitch tail#1662. #1666 then shows Fig.8 concept as upgrade to Half Hitch#1662 and shows the nip position pushed to halfway between normal and top nip Half Hitch. Also adds a geometric consideration of:"particularly if the encompassed object is small." of even higher nip. #1668 then shows the Fig.8 Timber Hitch with nip more to side and not bottom as improvement.

Next trick is in #1669 Fig.8 Hitch with Round Turn. Where the Round Turn is around the Standing Part and Fig.8 portion actually pictured as fig.8 Timber Hitch and so adds that the "Round Turn on the Standing Part adds materially to the strength of the knot."

Next chapter is "CHAPTER 22: HITCHES TO MASTS, RIGGING, AND CABLE (LENGTHWISE PULL) To withstand a lengthwise pull without slipping is about the most that can be asked of a hitch. Great care must be exercised in tying the following series of knots, and the impossible must not be expected" that starts off with a Timber Hitch preceded by 'lengthwise' Half Hitch form to convert Timber from "RIGHT-ANGLE PULL" to "LENGTHWISE PULL" usage in the back to back chapters.

title: Timber hitch


text:
Talk:Zeppelin bend

Misleading/poor tying description
The shape made in the first step of this bend would more accurately be called a loop or crossing loop, as shown in Knot, instead of a Half-hitch. The line doesn't form an Overhand_knot around anything just yet. --NormalAsylum 02:53, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I have to agree with NormalAsylum. The description of the first phase of tying this knot is misleading. What you really have is a "d over" and a "p under", not two half-hitches. This should be fixed.
 * The description on this page caused me avoid learning to tie the Zeppelin Bend because of perceived complexity due to a poor description.--Sparklingpoolcare 03:48, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

Most effective bend?
I don't think it's fair to call the Zeppelin bend "easily the most effective bend." It is a great knot, but often the more easily tied sheet bend is better. Rracecarr 21:50, 11 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Indeed, this knot is very tough and so easy to untie even after it has been under tension but the sheet bend is so fast and easy. There are plusses and minuses for all types and it isn't really good form to claim any knot as ideal.--Lead holder (talk) 08:33, 26 August 2011 (UTC)

Sheet bend is notoriously insecure, especially in modern synthetics, and the double sheet bend is not much better better than the sheet bend, per testing; see, for example: Knot Break Strength vs Rope Break Strength web.archive.org/web/20110703121041/http://www.caves.org/section/vertical/nh/50/knotrope.html which discusses the fact that they had to tie stopper knots & backup knots in both sheet bends and double sheet bends to test strength, because both single and ddouble sheet bends usually fail by coming loose before breaking.

66.57.28.210 (talk) 00:10, 10 March 2013 (UTC)CATiffany

Flagged as how-to content
I disagree with the tagging of this article as giving instructions or how-to advice. It's not possible to fully describe this knot without the instructions for tying it. A picture of the knot doesn't fully explain it. Look at the articles on sheet bend and bowline. Those articles detail tying methods. I'm of the opinion that knots should be a special exception to that rule. Rodfreier (talk) 04:09, 20 May 2010 (UTC)

 * I agree with your assessment. In the past I have invoked WP:SENSE and WP:IAR to justify an exception for descriptions of knot tying methods.  A few years ago I also outlined some guidelines on this topic at Wikipedia:WikiProject_Knots.  I think that to make this claim of exemption in good faith, editors of knot articles have a duty to keep the tone as descriptive as possible.  Including an excessive number of methods (perhaps even more than one) would probably start to lessen the ability to reasonably claim a common sense exemption to WP:NOT.    Overall I've been pleased with other editors' acceptance of this justification in the past, but I definitely think it's something that must be maintained at justifiable levels.

 * I have just made some improvements to the article and removed the multiple issues template. I did not change the tying section, but as noted above it could use some work for clarity and better terminology.  --Dfred (talk) 17:01, 4 November 2010 (UTC)

Alternative tying method
This bend may be formed, it seems, by proceeding as for Granny knot: Left over Right, tuck under,Left over Right, but then instead of tuck under, here you tuck the final working-end down between the lower cross-over. SignedJohnsonL623 (talk) 08:55, 16 November 2011 (UTC)

"Unclear clutter"
Regarding deleted content, why are these photos and content "unclear"? Perhaps some could be removed, but others seem to be helpful. Any suggestions on improving the content and layout is requested. Jim1138 (talk) 04:18, 3 November 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Zeppelin bend


text:
Nils Lofgren

Nils Hilmer Lofgren (born June 21, 1951) is an American rock musician, recording artist, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist. Along with his work as a solo artist, he has been a member of Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band since 1984, a member of Crazy Horse, and founder/frontman of the band Grin. Lofgren was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the E Street Band in 2014.

Early life and career
Lofgren was born in Chicago, Illinois, United States, to an Italian mother and a Swedish father. When he was a young child, the family moved to the Washington, D.C., suburb of Bethesda, Maryland. Lofgren's first instrument was classical accordion, beginning at age five, which he studied seriously for ten years. After studying classical music and jazz, throughout his youth, Lofgren switched his emphasis to rock music, and focused on the piano and the guitar.

Lofgren attended his local public high school, Walter Johnson High School in Bethesda, Maryland, although he did not graduate, dropping out in 1968 at age 17 to pursue a career in music. He had been a competitive gymnast in high school, a skill that was used on stage later in his performing career and reflected in the name of his 1985 album, Flip.

Grin
In 1968, Lofgren formed the band Grin with bassist George Daly and drummer Bob Berberich. Daly and Berberich were former players in the DC band The Hangmen. The group played in venues throughout the Washington, D.C., area.

Lofgren met Neil Young while Young was performing at the Georgetown club The Cellar Door, and began a long association. Young invited Lofgren to come to California and the Grin trio (Lofgren, Daly and Berberich) drove out west and lived for some months at a home Neil Young rented in Laurel Canyon. Lofgren would eventually use his album credits from working with Young to land Grin a record deal in 1971.

Daly left the band early on to become a Columbia Records A&R Executive and was replaced by bassist Bob Gordon, who remained through the release of four critically acclaimed albums of catchy hard rock from 1971 to 1974, with guitar as Lofgren's primary instrument. The single "White Lies" got heavy airplay on Washington, D.C.-area radio. Lofgren wrote the majority of the group's songs, and often shared vocal duties with other members of the band (primarily drummer Bob Berberich). After the second album he added brother Tom Lofgren as a rhythm guitarist. Grin were released by their record company due to disappointing sales and success.

Neil Young and Crazy Horse
Lofgren joined Neil Young at age 19 to play piano and guitar on the album After the Gold Rush. Lofgren maintained his musical relationship with Young, appearing as a part of the Santa Monica Flyers on Young's Tonight's the Night album and tour, and again on the Trans album and tour. He has also been a recurring member of Crazy Horse (1970–1971; 2018–present), appearing on their 1971 LP and contributing songs to their catalogue. In 2018, Lofgren re-joined Crazy Horse and along with the band performed on Young's 2019 album Colorado and 2021's Barn.

In 2023, Neil Young along with the members of Crazy Horse released the album All Roads Lead Home under the band name Molina, Talbot, Lofgren and Young.

Solo career
After Grin disbanded in 1974, Lofgren released his self-titled debut solo album which was a success with critics; a 1975 Rolling Stone review by Jon Landau labeled it one of the finest rock albums of the year, and NME ranked it fifth on its list of albums of the year. Subsequent albums did not always garner critical favor, although Cry Tough was voted number 10 in the 1976 NME Album round up; I Came to Dance in particular received a scathing review in the New Rolling Stone Record Guide. He achieved progressive rock radio hits in the mid-1970s with "Back It Up", "Keith Don't Go" and "I Came to Dance". His song "Bullets Fever", about the 1978 NBA champion Washington Bullets, would become a favorite in the Washington area. Throughout the 1970s, Lofgren released solo albums and toured extensively with a backing band that usually included brother Tom on rhythm guitar. Lofgren's concerts displayed his reputation for theatrics, such as playing guitar while doing flips on a trampoline.

In 1971, he appeared on stage on the Roy Buchanan Special, PBS TV, with Bill Graham. In 1973, he appeared with Grin on NBC on Midnight Special, performing three songs live. In 1978, he wrote and sang the "Nobody Bothers Me" theme for a D.C. Jhoon Rhee Tae Kwon Do advertisement, and also appeared in the ill-received Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band movie. Lofgren appeared on Late Night with David Letterman, to promote his 1985 solo release Flip. Lofgren is credited on two of Lou Gramm's (of Foreigner) solo albums: Ready or Not released in 1987 (Lofgren listed as lead guitarist) and Long Hard Look released in 1989 (Lofgren listed as one of the guitarists). In 1987, he contributed the television show theme arrangement for Hunter. In 1993 he contributed to The Simpsons, with two Christmas jingles with Bart. In 1995, he appeared on a PBS tribute to the Beatles along with Dr. John. From 1991 to 1995, he was the CableAce Awards musical director and composer.

Lofgren continues to record and to tour as a solo act, with Patti Scialfa, with Neil Young, and as a two-time member of Ringo Starr's All-Starr Band. Many of the people he worked with on those tours appeared on his 1991 album, Silver Lining. During the 2000s he got his own "Nils Lofgren Day" in Montgomery County, Maryland (August 25). In 2006 Lofgren released Sacred Weapon, featuring guest appearances by David Crosby, Graham Nash, Willie Nelson and Martin Sexton. In 2006 he recorded a live DVD Nils Lofgren & Friends: Acoustic Live at the Legendary Birchmere Music Hall in Alexandria, Virginia.

On June 23, 2006, Lofgren performed at a benefit concert for Arthur Lee at New York's Beacon Theatre, along with Robert Plant, Ian Hunter, Yo La Tengo and Garland Jeffreys. In 2007, he appeared playing guitar as part of Jerry Lee Lewis' backing band for Lewis' Last Man Standing Live concert DVD. He released The Loner – Nils Sings Neil, an album of acoustic covers of Neil Young songs, in 2008.

In September 2008, Lofgren had hip replacement surgery for both of his hips as a result of years of playing basketball, performing back flips on stage, and age.

In August 2014, a box set, Face the Music, was released on the Fantasy label. The career-spanning retrospective contains nine CDs and a DVD covering 45 years.

The creation of Lofgren's 2015 live album UK 2015 Face the Music Tour was inspired by his wife Amy commenting that his recent live shows were the best she had seen him perform, as well as fans wanting to have a recording of the show they had just seen.

In December 2018, PBS NewsHour aired a 10-minute career retrospective Nils Lofgren: 50 years of 'just being a guy in the band'.

Lofgren was a guest on a "Private Lives" one-hour radio special on East London Radio in the UK in October 2020. This series is shared across radio stations online and on FM/DAB, covering much of the UK.

Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band
In 1984, he joined Bruce Springsteen's backing band, the E Street Band, as the replacement for Steven Van Zandt on guitar and vocals, in time for Springsteen's Born in the U.S.A. Tour. Lofgren would appear on his first Springsteen album with 1987's Tunnel of Love and its Tunnel of Love Express and Human Rights Now! supporting tours. In 1989 Springsteen broke up the E Street Band and Lofgren returned to his solo work.

In 1995, the E Street Band, featuring both Lofgren and Van Zandt, recorded new songs for Springsteen's Greatest Hits album, though nothing else came from this reunion. In 1999, Springsteen, minus the E Street Band, was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The E Street Band would finally be inducted fifteen years later in 2014. Despite not being inducted in 1999 with Springsteen, the E Street Band (again with Lofgren and Van Zandt) performed with Springsteen for the first time since 1988 at the induction ceremony. This led to a successful Reunion Tour from 1999 to 2000 and a lineup featuring both Lofgren and Van Zandt as full-time members. The reunion tour resulted in 2002's album,The Rising, the first album featuring the E Street Band since 1988, and another tour in 2002 and 2003. Springsteen then worked on other projects and toured without the E Street Band's involvement until 2007's Magic album and tour of 2007/2008. This tour was followed by 2009's Working on a Dream album and tour. In 2012, Springsteen released Wrecking Ball, which featured some of the E Street Band members; Lofgren did not appear, though he did perform with the band on the album's supporting tour. 2014 saw the release of the album High Hopes along with another tour. In 2016, Springsteen celebrated the 35th anniversary of his album The River, with a tour in support of The Ties That Bind: The River Collection box set. In 2020, Springsteen released his album Letter to You, which featured the E Street Band; a supporting tour was delayed until 2023 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lofgren tested positive for COVID-19, forcing him to miss one show on the tour in February 2023. It was the first show Lofgren had missed since joining the band in 1984.

Other work
The late novelist Clive Cussler lived close to Lofgren's Arizona home, and collaborated on a song with him titled "What Ever Happened to Muscatel?"

On August 17, 2017, Lofgren was inducted into the Arizona Music & Entertainment Hall of Fame.

In May 2018, Lofgren replaced Frank Sampedro in Crazy Horse for their reunion concerts with Neil Young.

On January 29, 2022, Lofgren pulled his music from Spotify, after Neil Young and Joni Mitchell had done the same. This was in response to their belief that COVID-19 misinformation was spread by the streaming service's The Joe Rogan Experience.

Musical equipment
Lofgren primarily uses a variety of Fender guitars and amplifiers.

Guitars

 * Fender Stratocaster – Including two 1961 models which he often uses. (Reissues on tour).
 * Fender Telecaster Black model used on Born To Run during the "Magic" Tour.
 * Fender Jazzmasters
 * Gibson Les Paul – 1952 Goldtop.
 * Gibson SG – Cherry red. Used on Johnny Bye Bye during the E Street Band's Magic Tour.
 * Gibson Flying V – Used during Grin's reunion tour in 2001.
 * B.C. Rich Mockingbird
 * Epiphone Les Paul – Used on tours with Ringo Starr.
 * Martin D-18 – Given to Lofgren by Neil Young.

For the 2019 album, Colorado, Lofgren brought two guitars:
 * Gretsch Black Penguin
 * Gretsch Black Falcon
 * Gibson Les Paul – 1952 goldtop, with Bigsby vibrato tailpiece
 * Gibson L-10 acoustic
 * Spector ARC6
 * Takamine acoustic guitars
 * Owens/Zeta resonator guitars
 * Carter pedal steel guitars

During performances of the song "The River" on The E Street Band's Working on a Dream Tour, Lofgren would use a custom Fender Stratocaster double-neck guitar, with one 12-string neck, and one standard six. The 12 string was tuned B-G-Bb-F-D-Eb, and the six string A-G#-Bb-Bb-Bb-F#.

Effects

 * Barber Burn Unit overdrive
 * Strymon Brigadier dBucket Delay
 * TC Electronic ND-1 Nova Delay

Amplifiers

 * Fuchs 4 Aces 112 combo

With The E Street Band.

Effects

 * Vocoder
 * Electro-Harmonix POG
 * Barber Burn Unit overdrives
 * Fulltone Full-Dive 2
 * Line 6 DL4 delay
 * DigiTech Whammy
 * Digital Music GCX audio switcher
 * Furman power conditioner

 * Line 6 Pod Pro
 * BOSS OC-3
 * BOSS DD-3
 * Korg DTR tuner
 * Peterson AutoStrobe 490
 * Voodoo Lab Ground Control

Amplifiers

 * Fender Twin Reverbs – Used most recently.
 * Fender blackface Super Reverbs – With four 10" speakers.
 * Fender Hot Rod Deluxe

 * Fender Vibro Kings – With three 10" speakers'
 * Fender Vibro King Custom
 * Fender Hot Rod DeVilles
 * Fuchs ODS 50 -used at 2012 Grammys

Grin discography

 * 1971: Grin (Spindizzy/Epic)
 * 1972: 1+1 (Spindizzy/Epic)
 * 1973: All Out (Spindizzy/Epic)
 * 1973: Gone Crazy (A&M)

With Crazy Horse

 * Crazy Horse (1971)
 * All Roads Lead Home (2023) (released under the name Molina, Talbot, Lofgren and Young)

With Neil Young

 * After the Gold Rush (1970)
 * Tonight's the Night (1975)
 * Trans (1982)
 * In Berlin (1983)
 * Unplugged (February 1993)
 * Roxy: Tonight's the Night Live (2018) Recorded in (1973)
 * Colorado (2019) (with Crazy Horse)
 * Barn (2021) (with Crazy Horse)
 * World Record (2022) (with Crazy Horse)
 * Somewhere Under the Rainbow (2023) Recorded in 1973 (with the Santa Monica Flyers)

With Jerry Williams

 * Jerry Williams (Spindizzy) (1972) – Lofgren/Grin played on three songs on the album; additionally, they played on the b-side of the single, "Crazy 'Bout You Baby"

With Lou Reed (as co-writer)

 * The Bells (1979)

With Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band

 * Live/1975-85 (1986)
 * Tunnel of Love (1987)
 * Chimes of Freedom (1988)
 * Greatest Hits (1995)
 * Blood Brothers (1996)
 * Tracks (1998)
 * 18 Tracks (1999)
 * Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band: Live in New York City (2001)
 * The Rising (2002)
 * The Essential Bruce Springsteen (2003)
 * Magic (2007)
 * Magic Tour Highlights (2008)
 * Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band Greatest Hits (2009)
 * Working on a Dream (2009)
 * Wrecking Ball (2012)
 * Collection: 1973–2012 (2013)
 * High Hopes (2014)
 * American Beauty (2014)
 * Bruce Springsteen Archives (2014–present)
 * Chapter and Verse (2016)
 * The Live Series: Songs of the Road (2018)
 * The Live Series: Songs of Friendship (2019)
 * The Live Series: Songs of Hope (2019)
 * Letter to You (2020)

With Lou Gramm

 * Ready or Not (1987)

title: Nils Lofgren


text:
Quark (company)

Quark Software Inc. (founded 1981 in Denver, Colorado, USA) is a privately owned software company which specializes in an integrated, single vendor solution for managing the entire content lifecycle, from content strategy and creation, through collaboration and publishing, to consumption and analysis. It offers low-code / no-code XML-based structured content authoring in Microsoft Word or a Web browser, component content storage and assembly via CCMS (Component Content Management System), and content intelligence based on AI and production, consumption and workflow analytics. It enables content reuse and is used for content automation in translation and localization workflows with its flexible content models and design templates.

The company is best known for its desktop page layout and design software, QuarkXPress, although this has now become secondary to its other products and services.

History
Quark was founded with $2,000 in 1981 in Denver, Colorado, U.S. Between 1981 and 1985, their primary products were Word Juggler and Catalyst. Word Juggler was the first word processor on the Apple III. Catalyst was a program that was distributed bundled with the Apple IIe, and allowed users to run floppy disk-based applications from their hard drive. They also attempted a product line called "Quark Peripherals", but the market for storage devices at the time resulted in a huge financial loss. The devices released, the "QC10" and "QC20", were 10 and 20MB hard disk drives, respectively, that could be used with the Apple IIe or IIc, the Apple /// or III+, or the Macintosh (notably, via the Macintosh's floppy disk drive port). The QC10 retailed for US$1,295.00 in October 1985.

In March 1987, Quark released QuarkXPress 1.0, which due to its precision quickly gained market share from Aldus PageMaker. With the release of QuarkXPress 3.0 in 1990, Quark quickly achieved a dominant position in the desktop publishing market and became the standard for desktop publishing. By the end of the 1990s, it had gathered a market share of around 90%.

In the late 1990s, Quark faced intense criticism for slow innovation cycles, high prices, and a poor response to customer needs. Therefore, many customers welcomed the release of Adobe InDesign in 1999 as a viable alternative. The release of Adobe Creative Suite in 2003, essentially including InDesign with Photoshop and Illustrator, resulted in ongoing market share loss for QuarkXPress.

As a result, under the new leadership of Raymond Schiavone, Quark started to refocus its resources towards the enterprise dynamic publishing market (now Content Automation), announcing a new strategy in March 2008.

Quark acquired A Lowly Apprentice Productions (ALAP), which provides extended technology for the publishing and graphic design industries, in 2005.

In 2008, Quark Software acquired an XML editor vendor In.vision Research Corporation. It also acquired Gluon in 2010, a New Jersey-based software company that develops tools for the corporate and publishing industries.

On May 29, 2012, Quark acquired Mobile IQ, with digital publishing technology for tablet devices named PressRun, later renamed to App Studio.

In 2017, Quark acquired Docurated, a New York-based creator of sales and marketing software. for an undisclosed amount. Docurated’s CEO and founder Alex Gorbansky joined Quark’s executive team.

In 2022 the company opened new offices in Birmingham, UK, and Dublin, Ireland.

Quark was listed in 2023 UK’s Best Workplaces in Tech list and won Bronze Stevie Award in the Content Management Solution category in the 21st Annual American Business Awards.

Ownership and management
Quark was founded under the name "Quark Engineering" in 1981 by Tim Gill and Mark Pope. In 1986, Fred Ebrahimi joined Quark as CEO and co-owner. In 1990, Mark Pope sold his share of the company to the other partners. In 2000, Tim Gill left Quark and sold all his shares to Ebrahimi.

In keeping with its India focus, Quark appointed Kamar Aulakh, a Quark veteran of Indian origin, as its CEO in February 2004. In June 2005, Quark informed its employees that Aulakh was no longer with the company.

At the end of 2006, Fred Ebrahimi gave all his shares of Quark Inc. to his children, with his daughter Sasha Ebrahimi taking the position of chairman.

On November 1, 2006, Quark appointed Raymond Schiavone, former CEO of Arbortext, as its new CEO.

On August 9, 2011, the Ebrahimi family sold all their shares to Platinum Equity, a California-based private equity firm. Parallax Capital Partners subsequently acquired Quark Software Inc. from Platinum Equity on July 12, 2017, stating their intentions to invest in growing the company's new content automation business through organic growth and acquisitions.

On June 1, 2021, Quark appointed Martin Owen, former SVP of Products at Erwin (now Quest Software), as its new CEO.

Products
Quark's first products were word processing software for the Apple II and Apple III. In 1987, it released its best known product, QuarkXPress, for Apple Macintosh. In 1992, it also released the product for Microsoft Windows.

In the 1990s, QuarkXPress 3.x gained around 90% market share of page layout applications. Its editorial workflow system, called Quark Publishing System, sold almost a thousand times to magazines and newspapers.

The company announced a picture editing application, QuarkXPosure, which was never released, and a multimedia authoring add-on XTension for QuarkXPress, QuarkImmedia. Neither is part of Quark's portfolio anymore. The company briefly purchased and marketed a standalone multimedia authoring program, mTropolis, before discontinuing it in the late 1990s.

Quark acquired two companies creating add-ons for QuarkXPress and InDesign, ALAP in 2005 and Gluon in 2010.

Reflecting a shift towards Web-based word-processing tools such as Office 365 and Google Docs, in November 2014, Quark announced the release of a new authoring tool, Quark Author.

title: Quark (company)


text:
DePauw University

DePauw University is a private liberal arts college in Greencastle, Indiana. It was founded in 1837 as Indiana Asbury College and changed its name to DePauw University in 1884. The college has a Methodist heritage and was founded to be an ecumenical institution of national stature, "conducted on the most liberal principles, accessible to all religious denominations and designed for the benefit of our citizens in general".

In 2022, DePauw had an enrollment of 1754 students from 39 states and 39 countries. Its residential campus is located 45 miles west of Indianapolis and is spread across 175 acres and 36 buildings, with an additional 520-acre DePauw Nature Park.

The college is a member of both the Great Lakes Colleges Association and the North Coast Athletic Conference. It also has a strong alumni network and a notable list of alumni including pioneering chemist Percy Lavon Julian, Angi Inc. founder Angie Hicks, astronaut Joseph P. Allen, Nobel laureate Ferid Murad, newspaper publisher Eugene C. Pulliam, director Chinonye Chukwu, best-selling author Barbara Kingsolver, Pulitzer recipient James B. Stewart, ESPN founder Bill Rasmussen, U.S. Vice President Dan Quayle, and 9/11 Commission Vice Chairman Lee Hamilton. The Society of Professional Journalists was founded at DePauw.

History
Indiana Asbury University was founded in 1837 in Greencastle, Indiana, and was named after Francis Asbury, the first American bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The people of Greencastle raised $25,000 to entice the Methodists to establish the college in Greencastle, which was little more than a village at the time. It was originally established as an all-men's school but began admitting women in 1867.

In 1884 Indiana Asbury University changed its name to DePauw University in honor of Washington C. DePauw, who made a sequence of substantial donations throughout the 1870s, which culminated in his largest single donation that established the School of Music during 1884. Before his death in 1887, DePauw donated over $600,000 to Indiana Asbury, equal to around $17 million in 2021. In 2002, the school received the largest-ever gift to a liberal arts college, $128 million by the Holton family. Subsequently, in 2024, DePauw received a $200 million gift that combined a $150 million anonymous donation with an additional $50 million in matching funds from other donors.

Sigma Delta Chi, known today as the Society of Professional Journalists, was founded at the college in 1909 by a group of student journalists, including Eugene C. Pulliam. The world's first Greek-letter sorority, Kappa Alpha Theta, was also founded at DePauw in 1870. DePauw is home to the two longest continually running fraternity chapters in the world: the Delta chapter of Beta Theta Pi and the Lambda chapter of Phi Gamma Delta.

During World War II, DePauw University was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission.

As of July 2020, Lori White, previously vice chancellor for student affairs at Washington University in St. Louis, is the 21st president of DePauw University. White is the first woman and African American to serve as President of DePauw University.

Academics
DePauw's liberal arts education gives students a chance to gain general knowledge outside their direct area of study by taking classes outside their degrees and engaging in Winter Term classes and trips. Its most popular majors, by 2021 graduates, were:
 * Econometrics and Quantitative Economics (83)
 * Speech Communication and Rhetoric (63)
 * Computer Science (35)
 * Biochemistry (31)
 * Psychology (27)
 * Sports, Kinesiology, and Physical Education/Fitness (23)

Admissions
DePauw’s admissions are considered “more selective” by U.S. News & World Report. As of 2023, the average newly enrolled student had a 3.97 GPA, an SAT score between 1160 and 1420, and an ACT score between 24 and 31. Besides standardized test scores, the university considers an applicant’s GPA very important, and high school class rank, when available, and letters of recommendation important.

Rankings
In 2023, DePauw was ranked 45th among liberal arts colleges in the United States by U.S. News & World Report. DePauw is ranked #132 on Forbes magazine's 2022 rankings, which include all colleges and universities in the United States.

Academic calendar and winter term
DePauw University's schedule is divided into a 4–1–4-1 calendar: besides the 15-week Autumn and Spring Semesters, there is also a 4-week Winter Term as well as a May Term. Students take one course during these terms, which are either used as a period for students to explore a subject of interest on campus or participate in off-campus domestic or international internship programs, service trips, or international trips and field studies. One survey of DePauw students found that over 80% of DePauw graduates studied abroad.

Faculty
DePauw University has a student-faculty ratio of 9:1 and has no classes with more than 35 students.

Notable faculty members include:
 * Sunil Sahu, Leonard E. and Mary B. Howell Professor of Political Science and author of Technology Transfer, Dependence, and Self-Reliant Development in the Third World: The Pharmaceutical and Machine Tool Industries in India
 * Erik Wielenberg, professor of philosophy and author of Value and Virtue in a Godless Universe and ''God and the Reach of Reason: C. S. Lewis, David Hume, and Bertrand Russell
 * Ellen Maycock, professor emerita of mathematics, Johnson Family University Professor (2003–2007), author of Laboratory Experiences in Group Theory and Associate Executive Director of the American Mathematical Society (2005–2015)

School of Music
DePauw University has one of the oldest private institutions for post-secondary music instruction in the country. Founded in 1884, the school has about 170 students. The student-to-teacher ratio is 5:1 with an average class size of 13 students. The School of Music is housed inside the Green Center for Performing Arts (GCPA), constructed in 2007, which integrated and replaced parts of the former structure. The School of Music grants degrees in music performance, music education, and musical arts. The latter allows students to add an emphasis on the music business. Effective 2024, School of Music was renamed the "Division of Music" under the newly launched "Creative School". The name change does not impact music majors and minors or accreditation.

Media outlets on campus
The Pulliam Center for Contemporary Media houses the school's media facilities. This includes a television station, radio station, newspaper, and 2 magazines - all student-run. First published in 1852 as Asbury Notes, The DePauw is Indiana's oldest college newspaper. WGRE was ranked the #1 college radio station by Princeton Review's "America's Best Colleges" in 2010.

When school is in session, the Pulliam Center is open to students and faculty 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

Campus
DePauw University consists of 36 major buildings spread out over a 695 acre campus that includes a 520 acre nature park, and is located approximately 45 mi to the west of Indianapolis, Indiana. There are 11 residence halls, 4 theme houses, and 31 college-owned houses and apartments spread throughout the campus. The oldest building on campus, East College, was built in 1877 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. DePauw also owns McKim Observatory.

East College
A historic structure located at the center of campus, The cornerstone for the building was laid on October 20, 1871. The building hosted commencement exercises in June 1874, and in September 1875 all college classes were moved to the building, according to the book, DePauw Through the Years. But work on East College continued until 1882 when the building's basement was completed. East College was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

Libraries
DePauw has two libraries: Roy O. West Library (main library) and the Music Library (located in the Green Center for Performing Arts). Library holdings include approximately 350,000 books; 22,000 videos; 1,000 print periodical titles; access to over 20,000 electronic titles; 450,000 government documents; newspapers; and online databases.

Judson and Joyce Green Center for the Performing Arts

The School of Music is housed in the Judson and Joyce Green Center for the Performing Arts; the Communication and Theater Department is also located here.

Janet Prindle Institute for Ethics
Since 2007, the Prindle Institute has served as a place for reflection, discussion, and education. Prindle sponsors events related to ethics and provides opportunities for students, faculty, and staff to engage in discussions. The institute also publishes ethics related content through The Prindle Post and the Examining Ethics podcast.

Campus life

There are more than 100 organizations on the DePauw campus that students can be involved in. DePauw students also participate in on-campus intramurals, college and student-sponsored musical and theatrical productions, and create local chapters of national organizations such as Circle K.

Many students engage in community service and other volunteer activities. Putnam County Relay For Life is organized by students and brings together the college and community.

On August 2, 2010, Princeton Review ranked DePauw as the #10 party school in the US for the 2010–2011 school year, which includes all colleges and universities.

Greek life
DePauw's Greek system began just eight years after the founding of Indiana Asbury College in 1837. Several chapters were founded in the 19th century. Women were first admitted to Indiana Asbury in 1867, and the first Greek-letter fraternity for women soon followed. Just under 70% of students at DePauw are affiliated with a Greek-letter organization. The Greek community consists of more than a dozen national social fraternities and approximately ten sororities. Some Greek-letter organizations were founded at DePauw.

In 2014, DePauw University was again ranked #1 in Greek Life by the Princeton Review. U.S. News & World Report ranked DePauw #3 in the nation for the highest percentage of male students belonging to fraternities and #4 in the nation for the highest percentage of female students in sororities.

Controversy
In 2006, the national organization of the Delta Zeta sorority reorganized the DePauw chapter, reducing twenty-three of its thirty-five current members (including the chapter president) to alumna status and giving them six weeks to vacate the sorority house. Of the twelve remaining members, six chose to take alumna status. The Delta Zeta national organization explained that its decisions were based on member commitment, but the evicted members said that they were forced to take alumna status because the chapter members were perceived as physically unattractive and "brainy". Subsequently, on Monday, March 12, 2007, DePauw President Robert G. Bottoms announced that the college would sever its ties with Delta Zeta's national organization, effective at the end of the 2006–2007 academic year.

Athletics

The DePauw Tigers compete in the NCAA Division III North Coast Athletic Conference (NCAC). Every year since 1890, DePauw University has competed in American football against its rival Wabash College in what has become the Monon Bell Classic. The traveling trophy, a 300-pound train bell from the Monon Railroad, made its debut in the rivalry in 1932. The DePauw-Wabash series is one of the nation's oldest college football rivalries.

In 1933, head coach Ray "Gaumey" Neal led the DePauw Tigers football team to an unbeaten, untied, and unscored opening season. The Tigers compiled a 7–0–0 record and outscored their opponents 136–0. Neal nearly duplicated this feat in 1943, but DePauw, 5–0–1, finished the season with one scoreless tie and six points allowed in a different game. The only points surrendered that season was in a 39–6 victory over Indiana State and the only non-win was a 0–0 tie against Oberlin. The Tigers outscored their opponents, 206–6.

DePauw had been a member of the Southern Collegiate Athletic Conference from 1997 to 2011 and won numerous conference championships, most notably in women's basketball, where the school is a Division III power. DePauw's program had also won the conference's overall "President's Trophy" seven times in that span, including six consecutive President's Trophies from 2005 to 2006 to 2010–11. In 2007, the Tigers defeated Washington University in St. Louis to win the Division III title in women's basketball. The women's softball team won the regional title, advancing to the Division III College World Series for the first time in school history. Most notably in 2021, the DePauw softball team finished third at the NCAA Division III Softball Championship.

Music
The DePauw University School of Music presents regular recitals by students and faculty and concerts by visiting artists, most of which are free and open to the public.

DePauw students also organize concerts for the campus community. Performers in recent years have included Dave Matthews, Train, The Black Eyed Peas, Ben Folds, Rufus Wainwright, and Guster. Past guests have included Billy Joel, Smokey Robinson and the Miracles, The Carpenters, America, Yo-Yo Ma, and Harry Chapin.

Society of Professional Journalists
On May 6, 1909, Sigma Delta Chi was founded by a group of DePauw University student journalists. The organization officially changed its name to the Society of Professional Journalists in 1988. Today it is the nation's most broad-based journalism organization, encouraging the free practice of journalism and stimulating high standards of ethical behavior. SPJ promotes the free flow of information vital to a well-informed citizenry; works to inspire and educate the next generation of journalists; and protects First Amendment guarantees of freedom of speech and press. In 2012, SPJ returned to the DePauw campus with the assistance of Eugene S. Pulliam Distinguished Visiting Professor of Journalism Mark Tatge "

Rector Scholarships
Since 1919, the Rector Scholar Program has recognized DePauw students of exceptional scholarship and character. To be named a Rector Scholar is to join a prestigious tradition of more than 4,000 graduates strong. Rector Scholarships are offered to the top academic applicants offered admission to DePauw. A limited number of full-tuition Presidential Rector Scholarships are available.

Ubben Lecture series
Begun in 1986 and presented free of charge and open to all, Ubben Lecturers have included Malala Yousafzai, Bill Clinton, Benazir Bhutto, Margaret Thatcher, Jane Goodall, Tony Blair, TV's Jimmy Kimmel, Elie Wiesel, Colin Powell, Indianapolis Colts quarterback Andrew Luck, Spike Lee, Mikhail Gorbachev, Brad Stevens, and Condoleezza Rice have spoken. The Ubben Series has hosted 114 events in its 33-year history.

Monon Bell Classic
Voted "Indiana's Best College Sports Rivalry" by viewers of ESPN in 2005, DePauw University and Wabash College play each November—in the last regular season football game of the year for both teams—for the right to keep or reclaim the Monon Bell. The two teams first met in 1890. The game routinely sells out (up to 11,000 seats, depending upon the venue.

Boulder Run
The Boulder Run has become a tradition at DePauw University. Students, streaking from their respective residences, run to and from the Columbia Boulder, located in the center of the campus near the East College building.

Campus Golf
Campus Golf requires a golf club and a tennis ball. Players attempt to hit their tennis ball against various targets on campus within a number of strokes.

title: DePauw University


text:
Underwood Dudley

Underwood Dudley (born January 6, 1937) is an American mathematician and writer. His popular works include several books describing crank mathematics by pseudomathematicians who incorrectly believe they have squared the circle or done other impossible things.

Career
Dudley was born in New York City. He received bachelor's and master's degrees from the Carnegie Institute of Technology and a PhD from the University of Michigan. His academic career consisted of two years at Ohio State University followed by 37 at DePauw University, from which he retired in 2004. He edited the College Mathematics Journal and the Pi Mu Epsilon Journal, and was a Pólya Lecturer for the Mathematical Association of America (MAA) for two years. He is the discoverer of the Dudley triangle.

Publications
Dudley's popular books include Mathematical Cranks (MAA 1992, ISBN 0-88385-507-0), The Trisectors (MAA 1996, ISBN 0-88385-514-3), and Numerology: Or, What Pythagoras Wrought (MAA 1997, ISBN 0-88385-524-0). Dudley won the Trevor Evans Award for expository writing from the MAA in 1996.

Dudley has also written and edited straightforward mathematical works such as Readings for Calculus (MAA 1993, ISBN 0-88385-087-7) and Elementary Number Theory (W.H. Freeman 1978, ISBN 0-7167-0076-X). In 2009, he authored "A Guide to Elementary Number Theory" (MAA, 2009, ISBN 978-0-88385-347-4), published under Mathematical Association of America's Dolciani Mathematical Expositions.

Lawsuit
In 1995, Dudley was one of several people sued by William Dilworth for defamation because Mathematical Cranks included an analysis of Dilworth's "A correction in set theory", an attempted refutation of Cantor's diagonal method. The suit was dismissed in 1996 due to failure to state a claim.

The dismissal was upheld on appeal in a decision written by jurist Richard Posner. From the decision: "A crank is a person inexplicably obsessed by an obviously unsound idea—a person with a bee in his bonnet. To call a person a crank is to say that because of some quirk of temperament he is wasting his time pursuing a line of thought that is plainly without merit or promise ... To call a person a crank is basically just a colorful and insulting way of expressing disagreement with his master idea, and it therefore belongs to the language of controversy rather than to the language of defamation."

title: Underwood Dudley