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The Future of Ideas

The Future of Ideas: The Fate of the Commons in a Connected World (2001) is a book by Lawrence Lessig, at the time of writing a professor of law at Stanford Law School, who is well known as a critic of the extension of the copyright term in US. It is a continuation of his previous book Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace, which is about how computer programs can restrict freedom of ideas in cyberspace.

While copyright helps artists get rewarded for their work, Lessig warns that a copyright regime that is too strict and grants copyright for too long a period of time (e.g. the current US legal climate) can destroy innovation, as the future always builds on the past. Lessig also discusses recent movements by corporate interests to promote longer and tighter protection of intellectual property in three layers: the code layer, the content layer, and the physical layer.

The code layer is that which is controlled by computer programs. One instance is Internet censorship in mainland China by sorting out geographical IP addresses. The content layer is notoriously illustrated by Napster, a peer-to-peer file sharing service. Lessig criticizes the reaction of music companies and Hollywood. The physical layer is the one that actually conveys information from one point to another, and can be either wired or wireless. He discusses particularly the regulation of the radio spectrum in the United States.

In the end, he stresses the importance of existing works entering the public domain in a reasonably short period of time, as the Founding Fathers intended.

On 15 January 2008, Lessig announced on his blog that his publishers agreed to license the book under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial license, and the book in PDF format can be downloaded freely.

Editions

 * US 1st hardcover edition (Random House): ISBN 0-375-50578-4
 * US paperback (Vintage books): ISBN 0-375-72644-6
 * On-line version (PDF, free, under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial licence)

title: The Future of Ideas


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Talk:U.S. Route 12

Eastern terminus
Recently, the eastern terminus of US 12 in Detroit was changed to put it at the intersection of Michigan and Woodward avenues based on Google Maps. That notation on GMaps is in error. I reverted the article earlier today to reflect the correct state of affairs.

To validate the state of affairs, we can look to a few different sources.
 * The current MDOT Truck Operators Map does not show US 12 continuing to Woodward on the Detroit inset. The Official 2023 Transportation Map also does not show US 12 continuing to Woodward.
 * To be more specific, we can look at MDOT's Next Generation PR Finder. MDOT assigns control sections to all of their highways, and if you select the CS Atlas 2023 layer and zoom into that section of Detroit, Control Section 82062 on US 12 ends at Cass Avenue. (The map additionally shows US 12 ending there as well.) In Michigan, US Highways like US 12 are state trunkline highways, and they would have control sections corresponding to their segments. This is more proof that US 12 doesn't extend to Woodward, even if Michigan Avenue does.
 * Lastly, Chris Bessert documents the timeline of changes to US 12 in the state here. Per his site, Michigan Avenue between Woodward Avenue and Griswold Street was transferred from MDOT to the City of Detroit on March 15, 2001. (This was proposed on October 9, 2000 by MDOT.) Additionally, the section from Griswold to Cass was transferred on June 8, 2005. Thus, per his research, Google Maps is 22 years and 17 years out of date. These changes are confirmed through the annual editions of the Official Transportation Map published by MDOT, although not to the precise dates Bessert lists.

In short, US 12 does not extend to Woodward Avenue. The marking as such by Google Maps is in error. I've reported that error to them for correction.  Imzadi 1979  →   01:07, 30 June 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:U.S. Route 12


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Tommaso Campanella

Tommaso Campanella (5 September 1568 – 21 May 1639), baptized Giovanni Domenico Campanella, was an Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, theologian, astrologer, and poet.

Campanella was prosecuted by the Roman Inquisition for heresy in 1594 and was confined to house arrest for two years. Accused of conspiring against the Spanish rulers of Calabria in 1599, he was tortured and sent to prison, where he spent 27 years. He wrote his most significant works during this time, including The City of the Sun, a utopia describing an egalitarian theocratic society where property is held in common.

Biography
Born into poverty in Stilo, in the province of Reggio di Calabria in Calabria, southern Italy, Campanella was a child prodigy. Son of an illiterate cobbler, he entered the Dominican Order before the age of fourteen, taking the name of fra' Tommaso in honour of Thomas Aquinas. He studied theology and philosophy with several masters.

Early on, he became disenchanted with the Aristotelian orthodoxy and attracted by the empiricism of Bernardino Telesio (1509–1588), who taught that knowledge is sensation and that all things in nature possess sensation. Campanella wrote his first work, Philosophia sensibus demonstrata ("Philosophy demonstrated by the senses"), published in 1592, in defence of Telesio.

In 1590 he was in Naples where he was initiated in astrology; astrological speculations would become a constant feature in his writings. Campanella's heterodox views, especially his opposition to the authority of Aristotle, brought him into conflict with the ecclesiastical authorities. Denounced to the Roman Inquisition, he was arrested in Padua in 1594 and cited before the Holy Office in Rome, he was confined in a convent until 1597.

After his liberation, Campanella returned to Calabria, where he was accused of leading a conspiracy against the Spanish rule in his hometown of Stilo. Campanella's aim was to establish a society based on the community of goods and wives, for on the basis of the prophecies of Joachim of Fiore and his own astrological observations, he foresaw the advent of the Age of the Spirit in the year 1600. Betrayed by two of his fellow conspirators, he was captured in 1599 and incarcerated in Naples, where he was tortured on the rack. Even from the confinement of the jail, Campanella managed to influence the intellectual history of the early seventeenth century, by maintaining epistolary contacts with European philosophers and scientists, Neapolitan cultural circles, and Caravaggio's commissioners. Finally, Campanella made a full confession and would have been put to death had he not feigned madness and set his cell on fire. He was tortured further, a total of seven times. Crippled and ill, Campanella was sentenced to life imprisonment.

Campanella spent twenty-seven years imprisoned in Naples, in various fortresses. During his detention, he wrote his most important works: The Monarchy of Spain (1600), Political Aphorisms (1601), Atheismus triumphatus (Atheism Conquered, 1605–1607), Quod reminiscetur (1606?), Metafisica (1609–1623), Theologia (1613–1624), and his most famous work, The City of the Sun (originally written in Italian in 1602; published in Latin in Frankfurt (1623) and later in Paris (1638).

He defended Galileo Galilei in Galileo's first trial with his work The Defense of Galileo (written in 1616, published in 1622). In 1632, before Galileo's second trial, Campanella wrote to Galileo: "To my great disgust I have heard that wrathful theologians of the Congregation aim to prohibit the Dialogues of Your Excellency, and [that] no one will be present who understands mathematics or recondite things. Be aware that while Your Excellency does state that it was appropriate to prohibit the theory of the earth's motion, you are not obliged to believe that the reasons of those who contradicted you are good. This is a theological rule, and is proved by the second Council of Nicaea which decreed that Angelorum imagines depingi debent, quam'am vere corporei sunt (Images of angels must be depicted as they are in the flesh): while the decree is valid, the reasoning behind it is not, since all scholars today say angels are incorporeal. There are many other fundamental reasons. I fear violence from people who do not understand this. Our Pope makes a lot of noise against this and speaks as the Pope, but you haven't heard about that, nor can think about it. In my opinion Your Excellency should write to the Grand Duke of Tuscany, that since they are putting Dominicans, Jesuits, Theatines, and secular priests who are against your books in this council, they should also admit Father Castelli and me." Campanella was finally released from prison in 1626, through Pope Urban VIII, who personally interceded on his behalf with Philip IV of Spain. Taken to Rome and held for a time by the Holy Office, Campanella was restored to full liberty in 1629 as Urban badly needed Campanella's magical skills to protect him from the dangers of two upcoming eclipses. The Pope's enemies thought they could take advantage of his credulity, and they confidently predicted that the eclipses in 1628 and 1630 surely heralded the Pope's demise. Campanella put into effect the natural magic practices described in his short treatise De siderali fato vitando (How To Avoid the Fate Dictated by the Stars). Campanella's magic worked and the Pope survived. In return the latter allowed the magician to set up a school in Rome to preach his ideas, while ignoring his blatant heresies. He lived for five years in Rome, where he was Urban's advisor in astrological matters.

In 1634, a new conspiracy in Calabria, led by one of his followers, threatened fresh troubles. With the aid of Cardinal Barberini and the French Ambassador de Noailles, he fled to France, where he was received at the court of Louis XIII with marked favour. Protected by Cardinal Richelieu and granted a pension by the king, he spent the rest of his days in the convent of Saint-Honoré in Paris. His last work was a poem celebrating the birth of the future Louis XIV (Ecloga in portentosam Delphini nativitatem).

Campanella's De sensu rerum et magia (1620) partly inspired the first fully-fledged it-narrative in English, Charles Gildon's The Golden Spy (1709).

The historian John Headley described Campanella as "a man who strove to destabilize the regnant forces of what he identified as tyranny, sophistry, and hypocrisy and to shake the world into a new order."

Works

 * Philosophia sensibus demonstrata, 1591
 * Monarchia Messiae, 1605
 * Prodromus philosophiae instaurandae, 1617
 * La città del sole, 1602 (Latin Civitas solis, 1623)
 * Atheismus triumphatus, 1631, Paris 1636
 * Atheismus triumphatus, 1631, Paris 1636

title: Tommaso Campanella


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Michel de l'Hôpital

Michel de l'Hôpital (or l'Hospital) (1506 – 13 March 1573) was a French lawyer, diplomat and chancellor during the latter Italian Wars and the early French Wars of Religion. The son of a doctor in the service of Constable Bourbon he spent his early life exiled from France at Bourbon's and then the emperors court. When his father entered the service of the House of Lorraine, he entered the patronage network of Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine. Through his marriage to Marie Morin, he acquired a seat in the Paris Parlement. In this capacity he drew up the charges for the king, concerning the defenders of Boulogne who surrendered the city in 1544, before taking a role as a diplomat to the Council of Trent in 1547. The following year he assisted Anne d'Este in the details of her inheritance to ensure she could marry Francis, Duke of Guise.

In 1553 he entered Lorraine's service, providing support to the family in return for receiving offices from them. That year they secured for him the position of maître des requêtes for the hôtel du roi, an important post. The following year he was elevated to the chambre des comptes as président, granting him considerable influence in the financial administration of the kingdom. With his patron assuming overall control of the kingdoms finances in the late 1550s, he entered the conseil privé. Early into the reign of François II the old chancellor, François Olivier died. Lorraine nominated L'Hôpital as his replacement. An energetic reformer, L'Hôpital moved into conflict with the Parlements to ensure the passing of the Edict of Romorantin. Later that year, conscious of the scale of the financial and religious problems that were affecting the kingdom, he was among those advocating for an Assembly of Notables. The Assembly in turn called for a Estates General, which L'Hôpital opened and sought to direct towards widescale reforms. Unable to achieve quite what he sought, he fought the Parlement to push through the Ordinance of Orléans that resulted from the sessions.

Upon the death of François II, L'Hôpital did not fall from the centre of royal politics with his patrons. Instead supporting Catherine in her religious policy which increasingly put him at odds with Lorraine. He helped formulate and championed the Edict of 19 April, July and Saint-Germain. The former two which moderated persecution of Protestantism and the latter of which legalised Protestant worship in France. Throughout this he found himself in opposition to Parlement, which resisted both the intrusions on their authority and any legalisation of Protestantism. After the first civil war in the French Wars of Religion, L'Hôpital entered his period of ascendency. He championed the king's decision to declare his majority at Rouen, to punish the Paris Parlement for its failure to register the peace treaty. He successfully opposed Lorraine's attempt to implement the Tridentine decrees upon his return from Trent. The next year he accompanied the court on its grand tour, with L'Hôpital berating each Parlement in turn for their impudence and failure to follow the king's will. When the court stopped at Moulins he promulgated a wide reaching set of legal reforms, which sought to combat Venal office, severely curtail the number of jurisdictions and overlapping law codes, and limit the power of governors and certain judges to interpret and execute justice that rightfully flowed from the king. By now his influence was waning and he was forced to abandon much of the edict due to the crown's monetary needs during the second civil war. Lorraine had by now returned to court, and he succeeded in besting L'Hôpital concerning a petition raised by the Dijon Parlement against him.

During the civil war he negotiated with the Prince of Condé who was besieging Paris, and urged concessions to the rebels, for which he received a cold reception. After the Peace of Longjumeau in March 1568, he retired from court in May, increasingly aware that his opinions were no longer received well by Catherine or the court. Returning to court in September he made a last attempt to oppose the crown's acceptance of alienated church lands in return for a war on heresy offered by the Pope. Failing in this he was relieved of his seals of office, and though he remained chancellor until his death, he would no longer exercise its authority. Threatened during the Massacre of Saint Bartholomew he and his daughter survived under Catherine and the duke of Guise's protection, he died in March the following year, his daughter inheriting his lands under the administration of his wife.

Family
Michel de l'Hôpital was born in 1506 in the town of Aigueperse, the son of the duchess of Lorraine's physician. His father also provided medical assistance to the Constable de Bourbon, whose treason in 1525 forced L'Hôpital and his family into an Italian exile. While in Italy, L'Hôpital received his doctorate in law. The family travelled with Bourbon to Spain and Italy in his travels before the Constable's death in 1527. After this the family moved to the court of Lorraine, where his father finished out his life in service to the duchess of Lorraine. Michel having studied law in Italy now studied also in France to further his education.

Daughter
During the Massacre of Saint Bartholomew, L'Hôpital's only daughter Magdelaine was caught up in the capital. Due to both her Protestantism and her father's religious policy in the proceeding decade she was at great risk of being killed. The Duke of Guise took her under his protection. She would marry Robert de Hurault, a robe noble. In 1555 the Cardinal of Lorraine became godfather to his recently born grandson.

Views
L'Hôpital was one of several leading French figures who was interested in the philosophy of stoicism. To this end and beyond, L'Hôpital was a great advocate of learning Greek. L'Hôpital opined that there was no provincial or town governor in France who had not in their tenure committed enough graft with the king's money to be executable if the king willed it. He was frustrated by how infrequently the estates had met in the last century, viewing them as a valuable mechanism of receiving feedback on government policies. He was overall autocratic in disposition, arguing that the purpose of the estates was to provide their complaints and receive redress from the king, while the Parlement's were a vehicle through which the king delivered his justice.

Contemporary Opinion
L'Hôpital's detractors characterised his religious policy as proof that he was a crypto-Protestant. Montaigne referred to both him and François Olivier as being "men extraordinarily sufficient, and endowed with no vulgar virtue [...] great Chancellor of France".

Marriage
In 1532 he married the daughter of the lieutenant-criminel of the Châtelet, Marie Morin, receiving as part of the dowry his entrance to the Paris Parlement Now serving as a councillor in the Parlement, he was afforded valuable experience for his dealings with the body as chancellor. The Parlement would feel betrayed by his later attempts to curtail their power, due to him having once been one of their own.

Lèse majesté
As a councillor, he took responsibility for drawing up the charges against the chief defenders of Boulogne (the seigneur de Vervins), who had surrendered the important port town to the English in 1544. Vervins was condemned to death. Marshal de Biez was likewise condemned but would not be killed, with others sent into exile or imprisoned.

In 1547 he was made French ambassador to the Council of Trent.

Anne d'Este
In 1548 he was in Ferrara, where he assisted Anne d'Este in her renunciation of the Este inheritance that was a precondition for her marriage to the duke of Guise. He accompanied her on her journey back to France to meet her new husband.

During the 1550s, L'Hôpital served as chancellor to the duchess of Savoy, Marguerite, sister to Henri II. Marguerite was sympathetic to Protestantism, and allowed L'Hôpital to obtain a chair of jurisprudence for François Hotman, a virulent Protestant polemicist. In gratitude to the chancellor, Hotman dedicated his work Anti-Tribonian to L'Hôpital.

Lorraine
In 1553 he entered the service of the Cardinal of Lorraine, serving them as a voracious polemicist and was rewarded by the family with the post of maître des requêtes for the hôtel du roi. He denounced those who characterised the house of Lorraine as 'foreigners', arguing that France rightfully extended to the Rhine. He called his benefactor, Lorraine, the 'hope of the French race'. He further praised the valour of the duke of Guise. The following year, Cheverny, future chancellor of France, purchased his councillor seat on the Paris Parlement.

Chambre des comptes
He took up the position of president of the chambres des comptes in 1554, this granted him experience with the kingdoms financial administration, and also a place in the conseil privé. In 1558 in his capacity at the chambres des comptes he offered a panegyric at the wedding of the dauphin François II to Mary, Queen of Scots in which he boasted that the marriage would subdue England without the need for a war or violence.

While much of the French military aristocracy was disgusted by the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis, which brought the Italian Wars to a close, L'Hôpital praised the treaty, writing a 'carmen de pax' in support of it. While an opponent of the war he had found it necessary to balance this with support for his patrons the Guise, as demonstrated in the poem he composed celebrating the duke of Guise's expedition into Italy in 1557. He wrote further poems in celebration of Guise's capture of Calais in 1558.

Finance
With Cardinal Lorraine taking charge of the kingdoms finances on the death of Henri II, L'Hôpital served as his chief financial adviser. To salvage the kingdoms credit, he recommended to the Cardinal a radical program in which loans would be rescheduled, taxes raised and spending drastically cut. These policies were met with strong resistance in the provinces. In Normandie, a forced loan of 800,000 livres on the province went unpaid, even decades later the hardship induced by attempts to raise the funds was recalled by those in the province. Peasants fled their villages to avoid having to pay. The size of the army was slashed, but many soldiers were left in arrears over pay, and entered opposition to the regime.

Chancellor
During the discord that convulsed the kingdom with the Conspiracy of Amboise in early 1560, L'Hôpital was absent from the kingdom, returning to the court in May 1560 before receiving confirmation as chancellor the month after on 30 June 1560 with the support of the Guise, Lorraine recommending him personally to the king for the post.

Assembly of notables
In May 1560, L'Hôpital oversaw the passing of the first religious edict that moderated persecution, the Edict of Romorantin. This edict had been formulated before his return to court. Upon presenting it to Parlement the body resisted its registration, and he was forced to push it through, regardless it would remain unimplemented, and he later afforded the body a backtrack as regards their authority over illegal assemblies. With the regime floundering in the aftershocks of Amboise, and with continued discord rocking the kingdom in the south, L'Hôpital was among those who pushed for the calling of an Assembly of Notables, to examine a potential package of financial and religious measures. Only through financial, judicial and religious reform could the kingdom be saved, in L'Hôpital's estimation. L'Hôpital opened the Assembly with a speech to the assembled grandees. In it he characterised the kingdom as a sick man, with the package of reforms to represent a cure to the ailments that destabilised and weakened the country.

The assembly soon found itself threatened with derailment by an altercation between Admiral Coligny and Cardinal Lorraine after the former brought forth a petition for Protestants to have temples in which to worship much to the latter's consternation. L'Hôpital took charge of the situation, bringing the conversation away back to financial matters.

In July 1560 L'Hôpital promulgated a law reforming how inheritance worked for the children of second marriages. He issued several sumptuary laws in April 1561 and January 1563. He established a special jurisdiction in Paris for lawsuits between merchants. Expanding this to other towns while the court resided at Moulins in 1566. While staying at Moulins, an edict was also issued outlining the special circumstances by which the royal domain could be temporarily alienated, through the supervision of the Parlement and chambre des comptes.

In September 1560 L'Hôpital spoke before the Paris Parlement, he informed them that daily new word was arriving at court of various seditions across the country. He held responsible for this 'those who use the cloak of religion', an understanding of his, in which the pretext of religion was used to camouflage other grievances. The Parlement frustrated with him for his chastisements, retorted that the true cause of disorder in France was the presence of two Protestants among the great offices of state.

Condé
The Prince of Condé had failed to show up for the Assembly of Notables, along with his brother the only prince to do so. He was conscious that he was implicated in both the Conspiracy of Amboise and the later disorders in Lyon. The court was not however to be denied his presence and he was summoned to bring himself to the Estates General that was shortly to convene in December. Arriving at court he was promptly arrested, and a trial began on 13 November. Though he repeatedly attempted to derail the proceedings a verdict was at last reached, guilt of lèse majesté. Two judges however refused to sign the conclusion, L'Hôpital, and du Mortier. Condé would be released in December after the death of François II made his imprisonment politically untenable. L'Hôpital was responsible for calling the trial to a close.

Estates General
L'Hôpital gave the opening address at the Estates General in 1560. During his speech he first cautioned radical Catholics, for their violence against Protestants and general intolerance. He then turned his ire on radical Protestants, chiding them for their provocative impatience in establishing a new order. He emphasised that both Catholic and Protestant must wait until such time as a church council could be convened, to restore unity to the Christian church. In the meanwhile he stressed that it was important for all parties, to be peaceful and law abiding. The Council of Trent had recently been declared reconvened by the Pope, as such L'Hôpital hoped that the delegates would avoid matters of religious debate, leaving those to the bishops and religiously learned.

He provided the assembled delegates an appraisal on the kingdoms finances, informing them all pensions were at least two years in arrears. He further informed the estates that the crown was in 43 million livres worth of debt, and that the only solution was to raise taxes, the deputies baulked at this notion, so the crown turned to the alienation of church land to remain afloat. In financial matters, the estates would recommend certain reforms to the system of the guilds. L'Hôpital however desired to go much further than the estates, and in the ordinance of Orléans he outlined an attack on the guild system. His aims were to reduce the burdens of the apprenticeship system, and release the hold that the guilds had over the labour market. He saw the engine to achieving this as being through attacks on the confraternity system, which operated alongside the guilds and strengthened them. He ordered that their capital be distributed to local schools in the baillages. This attempt to divest the guilds of their capital, would not go unanswered however, the guilds in retaliation, reinvented the confraternity as a religious organisation, and found strong support among the Catholic ultra party. This allowed them to weather his attacks until they faded in 1567 with his loss of influence.

An informal reconciliation between Guise and Montmorency, known as the 'triumvirate' was agreed in April 1561 to oppose the religious policy being pursued by L'Hôpital and Catherine de' Medici. He was also in April attempting to drive the Ordinance of Orléans through the Parlement, issuing lettres de jussion to command them to do so without further protestation. Facing remonstrances he tried to court the senior judges, inviting them to council with the prospect of involvement in high affairs of the state, however the Parlementaires were uninterested and several more rounds of lettres de jussion and remonstrances followed into November of that year. In January 1563 he attempted to mollify Parlementaire opposition through a decree outlining that extraordinary courts established by the crown would be illegal without the Parlement having provided commission to the judges.

Religious toleration
That same month an edict was issued that prohibited the use of the epithets 'Papiste' and 'Huguenot', two terms that L'Hôpital had taken issue with during his address to the estates in December. The religious situation in France continued to deteriorate in 1561, in June of that year L'Hôpital warned the Paris Parlement that it would be necessary to stop Catholic children from parading through the streets with crosses, as this was viewed as incendiary by the Protestants, making it liable to cause a riot. That same month he shaped the legislation that would form the Edict of July, which affirmed the prohibition on Protestant worship, but at the same time formally removed the penalty of death for heresy, which had been de facto abolished in the Edict of Romorantin, and prohibited those who were not officers of the crown from investigating their neighbours houses in search of heretical worship, which effectively legalised private worship. During the debates in the pourparler that formulated the edict, L'Hôpital had been keen to go further, arguing that the ban on Protestantism was no longer workable, however the council voted against legalisation. In September 1561, a council, along the lines of the one L'Hôpital had envisioned at the Estates General, convened at Colloquy of Poissy, with leading Catholics and Protestants in attendance. L'Hôpital opened the proceedings with a call for the assembled Catholic clergy to listen to the Protestant speakers, in the interests of reaching a harmonious position. Despite proposals of uniting the faiths around the Confession of Augsburg, talks with break down into acrimony over the subject of the Eucharist, leaving the talks to end in failure.

Edict of Saint-Germain
On 3 January 1562, L'Hôpital gave a speech in front of the Paris Parlement in which he argued for the present necessity of religious toleration for Protestantism, as the only alternative to the king descending into civil war. That same month he aided in the engineering of the Edict of Saint-Germain, which provided formal toleration to Protestantism, pending the reconciliation of the church in a religious council, during the meeting at Saint-Germain, he admitted that the Edict of July had never been quietly repealed, with no window of its implementation. He was assisted in his efforts by Catherine, the Protestant Admiral Coligny and Theodore Beza, the Protestant cleric. The edict immediately ran into furious opposition from the Parlements and much of the Catholic nobility. A little taken aback, Catherine attempted to arrange another Colloquy, such as that which had occurred at Poissy, L'Hôpital took charge of outlining the subjects that would be debated at the conference, however it would be an ignominious failure, breaking down over the first topic of the agenda 'images', shortly after which it was dissolved. L'Hôpital defended the necessity of the edict in front of the Parlement, arguing the only alternative was the expulsion or execution of the Protestants, neither of which was a realistic course of action.

In the wake of the Massacre of Wassy, the kingdom rapidly descended towards civil war, as Protestants began to take arms and seize towns. In the chaotic atmosphere, the Spanish ambassador hoped to gain advantage for his king, and moved that the influence of L'Hôpital was destructive on the crown due to his 'evil reputation', and thus hoping for his removal, however the crown did not oblige.

Ascendency
During the period 1563–1566, L'Hôpital and his faction were ascendant on the council. In March 1563 the first war of religion was brought to a close in the Edict of Amboise, which granted limited toleration to Protestantism. L'Hôpital opined that the experience of civil war, would induce French citizens to be more forgiving of their neighbours, and less quick to cause disorder. Much of Catholic France was horrified at the terms, and attempted to resist the edicts implementation. De Thou of the Paris Parlement was summoned to meet with L'Hôpital in May, and despite his best efforts to appease the chancellor was compelled to withdraw the courts policy that all its members complete a profession of faith. In August 1563, Charles IX was declared an adult in a session of the Parlement of Rouen. His majority was combined with a formal proclamation of the Edict of Amboise. It was hoped by L'Hôpital and Catherine that by packaging the two together it would be harder for the court to oppose the peace. Rouen was chosen as the location in which to declare the majority by the pair as a way to punish the Paris Parlement for its resistance to the policies they had been promulgating in the previous years, the Parlement was greatly wounded by this blow to its prestige as the premier Parlement. The Parlement remonstrated the king, refusing to recognise either his majority or the permanence of the peace, complaining about the linking of the two. The king reprimanded those representatives that came to visit him, telling them that the role of the Parlement was to administer justice, not to be his mentors, or custodians of the kingdom.

Trent
In February 1564, the Council of Trent at last concluded, and with this Lorraine returned to the kingdom, hoping to ensure that the councils recommendations would be adopted by the kingdom. L'Hôpital positioned himself in opposition to Lorraine, arguing that the Tridentine decrees would violate the Gallican privileges of France. He further argued that Lorraine was attempting through the presenting of these suggestions, to achieve through council what he had failed to achieve on the battlefield in 1562, i.e. the domination of France by ultra-Catholicism. Lorraine reacted with outrage to these suggestions, characterising L'Hôpital as an ingrate who failed to appreciate what the Guise family had done for him in the past decades. He further shouted that he was no longer sure what religion L'Hôpital followed. L'Hôpital retorted that the office of maître des requêtes that they had afforded him was a minor privilege and while he remained forever grateful for what they had afforded him, the debts that he owed their family could not be weighed against his service towards the king. As a parting shot he remarked that it was the duke of Guise who had brought the kingdom into discord with the Massacre of Wassy in 1562. This spat concluded, the council voted on the adoption of the councils findings, and refused to validate them all, much to Lorraine's disgust.

Grand tour
Conscious of the crisis of legitimacy that faced the regime, Catherine decided to embark upon a grand tour of the kingdom, to ensure the implementation of the edict, and further to instil the young king's authority on the magnates of the kingdom. The court set off in grand fashion that month, with 2000 persons accompanying them on the journey, including many of the leading nobles of the kingdom such as Constable Montmorency and Cardinal Bourbon. Each of the kingdom's Parlements was to be visited during the royal journey, with L'Hôpital tasked to provide a stern talking to the bodies at each stop, warning them to register the edict and respect the authority of the king. L'Hôpital offered the particularly reticent parlementaires of Aix-en-Provence sharp words during the courts visit warning them that the king was unhappy with their 'disobedience' and the parlementaires as his children should obey their father the king. His speeches, like those of the king that proceeded them, were met with silence by the Parlements. While the court was staying at Crémieux, L'Hôpital modified the terms of the Edict of Amboise, prohibiting the Protestant church from holding provincial synods.

Moulins
In February 1566 the court arrived at Moulins where an Assembly of Notables was convened with most of the kingdoms grandees in attendance. L'Hôpital presented to them his thesis that the root of evil in the kingdom was the poor administration of justice. He denounced the 'excesses' of those in positions of authority to exercise it engaging in 'tyrannical legislation, venality, avarice, superfluous office' and other ills. He then targeted his attacks towards the organs of law, the Parlements, decrying them for the presumptuousness they showed in interpreting the king's laws and their sedentary nature. He spoke nostalgically of the reign of Louis IX when the laws were few and simple and such a model that foreign nations presented their disputes in it. Later that month L'Hôpital presented the Ordinance of Moulins, a judicial reform package composed of 86 articles. The ordinance severely curtailed the Parlements powers, allowing the king to put laws into effect even if the Parlement was remonstrating him, or refused to register the edict. The power of the governor was also attacked, with the office no longer to afford the possibility of providing pardons, raising taxes and establishing fairs. Communal judges had much of their authority stripped, reduced to overseeing petty crimes and 1500 offices were abolished or suppressed. Confraternities and leagues were banned. The edict of Amboise was upheld. This edict posed a serious threat to many of the kingdoms grandees, who utilised their positions as governors for the purpose of graft. Though the edict had demanded immediate registration in its second clause, the Parlement ignored this, and L'Hôpital was forced to accept many modifications to the Ordinace in July. During 1566, L'Hôpital created a new fiscal office of Surintendant des Finances, appointing the religiously moderate Marshal Cossé as its first incumbent.

While the court was still residing in Moulins, Lorraine arrived with a petition from the Parlement of Dijon. The Parlement was frustrated that a new interpretative declaration had been made concerning the edict of Amboise, by which Protestant ministers would be allowed to visit the dying and instruct the young. Lorraine argued in front of the assembled grandees that this was a method of proselytizing. This bombshell petition aroused the interest of the council, as it became clear L'Hôpital had not consulted any member of the council before issuing it. L'Hôpital acidly remarked to Lorraine that he had 'returned to court to trouble them', causing Lorraine to fire back that L'Hôpital, who owed his position as chancellor to him, dare say that he arrived as a trouble. From here the council descended into chaos, only salvaged when Catherine intervened. She ordered the interpretative declaration burned and that going forth, L'Hôpital be forbidden from sealing edicts without the councils consent. Lorraine, arrogant in victory declared L'Hôpital always sought to be 'cock of the dunghill' and opined that he would refuse to attend council meetings in the man's presence going forward.

L'Hôpital offered his support in July 1567 to several interpretative declarations concerning the edict of Amboise. The area in which Protestantism was prohibited from being practiced was expanded from the city of Paris, to the wider region of the Île de France. Concurrently Protestants were to be barred from public office in the governorship. While these policies appear out of step with his wider program, L'Hôpital was keen to quiet the disorder in Paris, which had been growing more severe and threatening in the previous years.

Meaux
The Surprise of Meaux, in which elements of the Protestant nobility attempted a coup to seize the king and kill Lorraine, fatally discredited L'Hôpital's project in the eyes of Catherine. L'Hôpital was with the court when word came that a Protestant force of cavalry was assembling nearby to attack them. He and the Constable advocated for holding firm at Monceaux. The Guise and Duke of Nemours argued by contrast that the court should flee to the safety of Paris. Catherine chose to follow the latter course and the court conducted a fighting retreat to the capital. The failure of the surprise led to the resumption of civil war. Besieged in the capital by Condé's forces, Catherine dispatched L'Hôpital, Morvillier and Marshal Vielleville to negotiate with the prince. Condé was feeling confident in his position, and negotiated aggressively. He demanded that all taxes implemented since the reign of Louis XII be abolished, that four surety towns (including the key border towns of Metz, Calais and Le Havre) be granted to him to secure his position in the kingdom, and that full religious toleration be granted everywhere in France. He further demanded the prosecution of the Guise and the expulsion of Italian financiers. These demands were entirely unacceptable to the negotiators, but they had been dispatched to buy time for an army to be raised by Constable Montmorency, not to reach terms. By this time, Catherine was increasingly weary of L'Hôpital, and when he proposed certain compromises the court could make to end the crisis, including the dispatch of a further embassy to the Protestant leaders so that they might better understand their intentions and aims, she accused him of bearing some responsibility for the current situation. To fund the mercenaries required to prosecute the civil war, L'Hôpital's list of offices to be suppressed on the death of their current holder, a key component of the Ordinance of Moulins was cancelled. Venality was indeed expanded in January 1568, allowing officials to pay a portion of the cost of their posts for the right to have their venal office be inherited.

Fall from favour
Though the war was formally brought to a close at Longjumeau, it quickly became apparent the peace was ephemeral in the following months, with sporadic fighting continuing in the south. L'Hôpital, who believed in the peace found himself increasingly at odds with the rest of the royal council, that wanted to overturn the peace and return to war. In May a royal council meeting met to discuss the problems of ensuring obedience towards the peace. L'Hôpital blamed the youth of the king as encouraging his vassals to disobey him. Morvillier, another moderate on the council disagreed, arguing that religious plurality was causing issues, as much as the king's youth. That same month, he withdrew from court, dispirited that his influence on the direction of royal policy appeared to be at an end. Soon thereafter he asked to be relieved of his office. Having been informed that negotiations were under way between the crown and the Pope, to receive the alienation of church land in return for the revocation of the Edict of Amboise and a resumption of war on heresy, L'Hôpital returned to the court in September to oppose it. The Pope saw L'Hôpital as one of his chief opponents on the court. L'Hôpital for his part made it clear he would refuse to affix his seals to the alienation of church lands which would require war on heresy. In a fiery session of council L'Hôpital clashed with Lorraine on 19 September, arguing that this course of action would plunge France into civil war and overrun the land with reiters. He refused to affix his seal to any agreement that authorised this policy. Lorraine jabbed at L'Hôpital that he was a hypocrite and that his wife and daughter were both Protestants. L'Hôpital in turn shot back a sarcastic joke about Guisard corruption, enraging Lorraine who attempted to seize L'Hôpital's beard, before François de Montmorency stepped between the two men and attempted to calm the chamber. Lorraine was uninterested in his efforts and turned to Catherine, informing her that L'Hôpital was the chief cause of the kingdoms ills, and that if he was in the hands of the Parlement of Paris, he would be executed within 24 hours. L'Hôpital for his part explained that in fact Lorraine was the cause of the kingdoms ills, but it was apparent to him that he no longer had the power to change the direction of the crowns policy, and he left again shortly thereafter to his estates at Vignay near Étampes. A week later on 28 September L'Hôpital was obliged to yield the seals of his office, and he left for retirement. The crown meanwhile revoked the past toleration edicts, and issued the Edict of Saint-Maur, which outlawed Protestantism, steps L'Hôpital could not have taken.

On 7 October Jean de Morvillier received his seals. His dismissal as garde des sceaux elicited the rapturous excitement of radical preachers in Paris, Simon Vigor celebrated the news, denouncing L'Hôpital as the man who 'put the knife into the hands of our enemy'.

Writings
Severed from access to power, L'Hôpital turned his attentions to the production of 'discours', the arguments he put forward in these differed greatly from those he presented earlier in his career. No longer were Catholics to tolerate Protestants as an act of Christian clemency. Instead he argued that liberty of conscience was a natural right. He also abandoned his discussions of the two faiths being reunited, no longer viewing such a prospect as realistic, if he ever had.

Final years
The Parlement, well aware of L'Hôpital's disgrace, sought in 1571, for the seals of his office to be transferred to them, such that they could represent the king's will. While this would have been largely symbolic, Charles IX refused to provide them to the Parlement, conscious that allowing them to substitute themselves symbolically for the chancellor would be to acknowledge them as a legislative body. During marriage negotiations between the king's brother Alençon and Elizabeth I for a marriage that same year, L'Hôpital's advice was sought, and he suggested replacing Alençon, with the king's other brother Anjou. This concurred with the answer the crown wished to hear, however the negotiations did not achieve any more success.

In 1572 during the Massacre of Saint Bartholomew, Catherine dispatched an escort to his residence to ensure no harm befell him. This was just as well, as his death was desired by some of the participants. He died on his estates in March 1573.

Throughout his life L'Hôpital had not accumulated significant wealth, making him atypical for the high robe nobility of his era. In his last will, he bequeathed his property to his only daughter, and assigned his wife as the administrator of his lands.

title: Michel de l'Hôpital


text:
Colliers Wood

Colliers Wood is an area in south west London, England, in the London Borough of Merton. It is a mostly residential area, but has a busy high street around Colliers Wood tube station on London Underground's Northern line. The high street is part of the A24, a major road route roughly following the Northern Line, running from London through Tooting and other areas. The Colliers Wood ward had a population of 10,712 in 2011.

Colliers Wood shares its postcode district of SW19 with Wimbledon. It merges into Merton Abbey. Colliers Wood has three parks: a recreation ground, the National Trust-owned Wandle Park, which covers an area of approximately 11 acre, and the more informal Wandle Meadow Nature Park. Colliers Wood United F.C. is a semi-professional football club founded in Colliers Wood but now based in nearby New Malden.

History
Colliers Wood takes its name from a wood that stood to the east of Colliers Wood High Street, approximately where Warren, Marlborough and Birdhurst Roads are now. Contemporary Ordnance Survey maps show that this wood remained at least until the 1870s but had been cleared for development by the mid-1890s.

The twelfth-century ruins of Merton Priory were considered by the Department of Culture, Media and Sport as a possible British candidate for World Heritage status. Henry VI was crowned king of England at Westminster Abbey in 1429, and king of France at Notre-Dame de Paris in 1431. He was reported to have been "crowned" at Merton Priory in 1437, but this was more of a 'crown-wearing' ceremony than a coronation. Similarly Queen Elizabeth II wears the Imperial State Crown at the State Opening of Parliament every year.

Among those educated at Merton Priory were Thomas Becket and Nicholas Breakspear, who was the only English Pope.

Close to Merton Priory is the market and heritage centre at Merton Abbey Mills, the former Liberty & Co. dyeworks on the bank of the River Wandle. The Wandle was reputed to have more mills per mile than any other river in the world, having 90 mills along its 11 mi length. William Morris, at the forefront of the Arts and Crafts Movement, located the Morris & Co. factory at the Merton Abbey Works after determining that the water of the Wandle was suitable for dyeing. The complex, on 7 acre, included several buildings and a dyeworks, and the various buildings were soon adapted for stained-glass production, textile printing, and fabric- and carpet-weaving. The works closed in Autumn 1940. The site is now operated by Sainsbury's Supermarkets Ltd. The site features a shared Sainsbury's & M&S complex (originally a SavaCentre opened on 28 February 1989 with 107430 sqft of sales area, making it the largest hypermarket in the UK at the time of its opening).

The world's first public railway, the Surrey Iron Railway, which was initially horse-drawn, passed through Colliers Wood on its route from Croydon to Wandsworth, between 1803 and 1846. Before the merger with Merton, it was in the Municipal Borough of Mitcham.

In July 2010, the first of London's Cycle Superhighways opened, with a continuous bicycle lane known as CS7 originating in Southwark Bridge, in the centre of London, and terminating in Colliers Wood. The route was originally intended to continue to South Wimbledon.

Demography
White British is the largest ethnic group as of the 2011 census at 38.5%. This is followed by Other White (19.2%), Other Asian (8.7%), Indians (5.5%), Pakistanis (5.2%) and Black Africans (4.3%).

50.2% of people living in Colliers Wood were born in England. The other most common countries of birth were Sri Lanka (4%), South Africa (3.8%), India (3%) and Pakistan (2.9%).

The largest religions in Colliers Wood are Christianity (49.9%), those of no religion (22.2%), Muslims (11.2%) and Hindus (7.3%).

Colliers Wood Tower
Colliers Wood is visually dominated by the "Colliers Wood Tower", built in 1966. Originally named the "Lyon Tower", it was originally occupied as the headquarters of property company Ronald Lyon Holdings but has also been known as "The Vortex" and "Brown & Root House". The architects for the building were Bader and Miller. When being built, the tower reached the third storey before an error in construction was discovered and it was demolished to begin again.

It was voted the ugliest building in London in a 2006 BBC poll and one of the 12 ugliest in the UK in an early 2005 Channel 4 poll for its programme Demolition. The same BBC poll quoted an architect working for Golfrate Property Management, the current owners, as saying the building was due a make-over and new lease of life.

By 2009, the ground and first floor windows and doors had been boarded up, and green netting attached across each end to prevent falling debris causing injury to passers-by. Demolition of the adjacent spiral car park began in April 2010, but due to complications with an electrical substation was halted soon after, with half the car park still standing. But by June 2011 the car park had been demolished entirely.

In spring 2011, two small samples of decorative cladding were fitted. These were a much lighter colour than the underlying concrete surface and would change the look of the tower significantly if installed across the building.

A major renovation of the Tower began in 2014, to create a glass clad block of 150 rentable apartments, with commercial units to the ground floor. The renovation was originally expected to be complete by the end of 2015, but it was finished by October 2017 calling the building Britannia Point.

In 2021 Criterion Capital submitted a planning application for two new towers on the south side of the existing tower. A petition against the towers has gathered over 500 signatures.

In 2022, The London Borough of Merton started emergency inspection of the building after footage revealed a glass panel had fallen from a residents window.

Culture
In 2006, local resident and ex-resident of Slough Keith Spears, having seen the BBC TV series Making Slough Happy, started the "Making Colliers Wood Happy!" initiative as a way of building community spirit to counteract the decline in neighbourliness in suburban areas. This has resulted in a lively programme of social activities for local residents, including a choir, a ukulele orchestra and an annual open gardens event, and its importance has been recognised by attracting grants for its work in community-building. In Colliers Wood there is also a boys football club called Colliers Wood FC (CWFC) even there have other rivals tream called Colliers Wood Town FC.

title: Colliers Wood


text:
1941 in music

This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1941.

Specific locations

 * 1941 in British music
 * 1941 in Norwegian music

Specific genres

 * 1941 in country music
 * 1941 in jazz

Events

 * January 5 – Ernesto Bonino makes his début on Italian radio.
 * January 15 – Olivier Messiaen's Quatuor pour la fin du temps is premiered by the composer and fellow prisoners-of-war in Stalag VIII-A in Silesia.
 * January 20 – Béla Bartók's String Quartet No. 6 is premièred in New York City.
 * May – Woody Guthrie writes and records "Roll On, Columbia, Roll On" and "Grand Coulee Dam" among other folk songs in Portland, Oregon on a commission from the Bonneville Power Administration; these are released as Columbia River Collection.
 * May 10 – London's Queen's Hall, venue for The Proms, is bombed by the Luftwaffe. The concert series relocates to the Royal Albert Hall.
 * August 18 – In a brutal police operation in Nazi Germany, over 300 Swingjugend ("Swing kids") are arrested, marking the end of tolerance to swing music.
 * date unknown
 * Alan Lomax (working for the Library of Congress) discovers Muddy Waters and Son House, among others
 * Les Paul almost electrocutes himself while attempting to build the first solid-body electric guitar.
 * Enrico Gentile leaves Quartetto Ritmo. Felice Chiusano replaces him and the group is renamed Quartetto Cetra.
 * Dutch Leschan sisters of Trio Lescano become Italian citizens.
 * The National Negro Opera Company is launched in Pittsburgh, USA.
 * Virgil Thomson's Four Saints in Three Acts is presented at Town Hall in New York City.

Albums released

 * Songs for John Doe – The Almanac Singers
 * Okeh Presents the Wayfaring Stranger – Burl Ives
 * Small Fry – Bing Crosby
 * Hawaii Calls – Bing Crosby, Frances Langford, Harry Owens
 * Crosbyana – Bing Crosby
 * Four Star Favorites – Artie Shaw

Top Popular Recordings 1941
For each Year in Music (beginning 1940) and Year in Country Music (beginning 1939), a comprehensive Year End Top Records section can be found at mid-page (popular), and on the Country page.

The charts are compiled from data published by Billboard magazine, using their formulas, with slight modifications. Most important, there are no songs missing or truncated by Billboard's holiday deadline. Each year, records included enter the charts between the prior November and early December. Each week, fifteen points are awarded to the number one record, then nine points for number two, eight points for number three, and so on. This system rewards songs that reach the highest positions, as well as those that had the longest chart runs. This is our adjustment to Mr. Whitburn's formula, which places no. 1 records on top, then no 2 and so on, ordered by weeks at that position. This allows a record with 4 weeks at no. 1 that only lasted 6 weeks to be rated very high. Here, the total points of a song's complete chart run determines its position. Our chart has more songs, more weeks and may look nothing like Billboard's, but it comes from the exact same surveys.

Before the Hot100 was implemented in 1958, Billboard magazine measured a record's performance with three charts, 'Best-Selling Popular Retail Records', 'Records Most-Played On the Air' or 'Records Most Played By Disk Jockeys' and 'Most-Played Juke Box Records'. As Billboard did starting in the 1940s, the three totals for each song are combined, with that number determining the final year-end rank. For example, 1944's "A Hot Time in the Town of Berlin" by Bing and the Andrews Sisters finished at no. 19, despite six weeks at no. 1 on the 'Most-Played Juke Box Records'(JB) chart. It scored 126 points, to go with its Best-Selling chart (BS) total of 0. Martha Tilton's version of "I'll Walk Alone" peaked at no. 4 on the Juke Box chart, which only totalled 65 points, but her BS total was also 65, for a final total of 130, ranking no. 18. Examples like this can be found in "The Billboard" magazine up to 1958. By the way, the 'Records Most-Played On the Air' chart didn't begin until January 1945, which is why we only had two sub-totals.

Our rankings are based on Billboard data, but we also present info on recording and release dates, global sales totals, RIAA and BPI certifications and other awards. Rankings from other genres like 'Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs' or 'Most Played Juke Box Race Records', Country charts including 'Most Played Juke Box Folk (Hillbilly) Records', 'Cashbox magazine', and other sources are presented if they exist. We supplement our info with reliable data from the "Discography of American Historical Recordings" website, Joel Whitburn's Pop Memories 1890-1954 and other sources as specified. The following songs appeared in The Billboard's 'Best Selling Retail Records' chart during 1941.

Additional recordings of historical interest, and songs that crossed over from Hillbilly (Country) and Race (R&B):

Published popular music

 * "All That Meat and No Potatoes" words and music: Fats Waller & Ed Kirkeby
 * "The Anniversary Waltz" w. Al Dubin m. Dave Franklin
 * "Apollo Jump" m. Ernest Puree, Prince Robinson & Lucius "Lucky" Millinder
 * "Arthur Murray Taught Me Dancing In A Hurry" w. Johnny Mercer m. Victor Schertzinger
 * "Baby Mine" w. Ned Washington m. Frank Churchill nominated for Oscar, from the animated feature Dumbo
 * "Be Honest With Me" w.m. Fred Rose & Gene Autry
 * "Blue Champagne" w.m. Jimmy Eaton, Grady Watts & Frank Ryerson
 * "Blues in the Night" w. Johnny Mercer m. Harold Arlen
 * "Boa Noite" w. Mack Gordon m. Harry Warren
 * "Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy" w.m. Don Raye & Hughie Prince
 * "Botch-A-Me" w. (Eng) Eddie Stanley (Ital) R. Morbelli & L. Astore m. R. Morbelli & L. Astore
 * "Casey Junior" w. Ned Washington m. Frank Churchill from the animated feature Dumbo
 * "Chattanooga Choo Choo" w. Mack Gordon m. Harry Warren
 * "Cherry" w.m. Charles N. Daniels
 * "Chica Chica Boom Chic" w. Mack Gordon m. Harry Warren
 * "Could You Please Oblige Us with a Bren Gun?" w.m. Noël Coward
 * "Daddy" w.m. Bobby Troup
 * "Deep in the Heart of Texas" w. June Hershey m. Don Swander
 * "Down Forget-Me-Not Lane" w.m. Horatio Nicholls, Charlie Chester & Reg Morgan
 * "Elmer's Tune" w.m. Elmer Albrecht, Sammy Gallop & Dick Jurgens
 * "Everything Happens To Me" w. Tom Adair m. Matt Dennis
 * "Five Guys Named Moe" w. Larry Wynn m. Jerry Bresler
 * "God Bless The Child" w.m. Arthur Herzog Jr & Billie Holiday
 * "Goodbye Mama, I'm Off To Yokohama" w.m. J. Fred Coots
 * "He Wears a Pair of Silver Wings" w. Eric Maschwitz m. Michael Carr
 * "Hey Little Hen" w.m. Ralph Butler & Noel Gay
 * "How About You?" w. Ralph Freed m. Burton Lane
 * "Humpty Dumpty Heart" w. Johnny Burke m. Jimmy Van Heusen
 * "The Hut-Sut Song" w.m. Leo V. Killion, Ted McMichael & Jack Owens, The Cruising Crooner
 * "I Could Write a Book" w. Lorenz Hart m. Richard Rodgers. Introduced by Gene Kelly and Leila Ernst in the musical Pal Joey. Performed in the 1953 film version by Frank Sinatra.
 * "I Don't Want To Set The World On Fire" w.m. Eddie Seiler, Sol Marcus, Bennie Benjamin & Eddie Durham
 * "I Dreamt I Dwelt in Harlem" w. Buddy Feyne m. Jerry Gray, Leonard Ware & Ben Smith
 * "I Don't Want To Walk Without You" w. Frank Loesser m. Jule Styne
 * "I Got It Bad (And That Ain't Good)" w. Paul Francis Webster m. Duke Ellington
 * "I Guess I'll Have To Dream The Rest" w. Mickey Stoner & Martin Block m. Harold Green
 * "I Know Why (And So Do You)" w. Mack Gordon m. Harry Warren
 * "I Remember You" w. Johnny Mercer m. Victor Schertzinger
 * "I Said No!" w. Frank Loesser m. Jule Styne
 * "I See A Million People" w. Robert Sour m. Una Mae Carlisle
 * "I, Yi, Yi, Yi, Yi" w. Mack Gordon m. Harry Warren
 * "I'll Remember April" w. Don Raye & Patricia Johnston m. Gene De Paul
 * "I'm Glad There Is You" w.m. Jimmy Dorsey & Paul Madeira Mertz
 * "Introduction to a Waltz" m. Glenn Miller, Jerry Gray & Hal Dickinson
 * "It Happened In Sun Valley" w. Mack Gordon m. Harry Warren
 * "It's So Peaceful In The Country" w.m. Alec Wilder
 * "I Understand" w. Kim Gannon m. Mabel Wayne
 * "I've Got Sixpence" w.m. Elton Box & Desmond Cox
 * "Jenny" (aka "The Saga of Jenny") w. Ira Gershwin m. Kurt Weill. Introduced by Gertrude Lawrence in the musical Lady in the Dark. Performed in the 1944 film version by Ginger Rogers
 * "Jersey Bounce" m. Bobby Plater, Tiny Bradshaw, Edward Johnson & Robert B. Wright
 * "Jim" w. Nelson Shawn m. Caesar Petrillo & Edward Ross
 * "Kiss The Boys Goodbye" w. Frank Loesser m. Victor Schertzinger
 * "Knock Me A Kiss" w.m. Mike Jackson
 * "Let's All Meet At My House" w. Johnny Burke m. Jimmy Van Heusen
 * "Let's Get Away from It All" w. Tom Adair m. Matt Dennis
 * "Let's Not Talk About Love" w.m. Cole Porter
 * "London Pride" w.m. Noël Coward
 * "Ma! I Miss Your Apple Pie" w.m. Carmen Lombardo & John Jacob Loeb
 * "Misirlou" w. (Eng) Milton Leeds, S. K. Russell & Fred Wise m. N. Roubanis
 * "Moonlight Cocktail" w. Kim Gannon m. C. Luckeyth "Lucky" Roberts
 * "My Adobe Hacienda" w.m. Louise Massey & Lee Penny
 * "My Ship" w. Ira Gershwin m. Kurt Weill
 * "My Sister and I" w.m. Hy Zaret, Joan Whitney & Alex Kramer
 * "Oh! Look at Me Now" w. John DeVries m. Joe Bushkin
 * "Please Take A Letter Miss Brown" Paul Cunningham, Ernie Burnett
 * "Racing With The Moon" w. Vaughn Monroe & Pauline Pope m. Johnny Watson
 * "Rancho Pillow" Charles Newman & Allie Wrubel
 * "Remember Pearl Harbor" w.m. Don Reid & Sammy Kaye
 * "Road To Zanzibar" w. Johnny Burke m. Jimmy Van Heusen from the film Road To Zanzibar
 * "Rose O'Day" w.m. Charles Tobias & Al Lewis
 * "Sand In My Shoes" w. Frank Loesser m. Victor Schertzinger
 * "The Shrine Of Saint Cecilia" w. Carroll Loveday m. Nils Perne (Jokern)
 * "A Sinner Kissed An Angel" w. Mack David m. Larry Shayne
 * "Someone's Rocking My Dreamboat" w.m. Leon René, Otis René & Emerson Scott
 * "So Near and Yet So Far" w.m. Cole Porter. Introduced by Fred Astaire in the film You'll Never Get Rich.
 * "Starlight Serenade" w.m. Sonny Miller, Frederick Tysh & Hans May
 * "The Story Of A Starry Night" w.m. Jerry Livingston, Al Hoffman & Mann Curtis
 * "A String Of Pearls" w. Eddie De Lange m. Jerry Gray
 * "Sun Valley Jump" m. Jerry Gray from the film Sun Valley Serenade
 * "Take The "A" Train" w.m. Billy Strayhorn
 * "Tangerine" w. Johnny Mercer m. Victor Schertzinger
 * "Tenement Symphony" w. Sid Kuller & Ray Golden m. Hal Borne
 * "That Lovely Weekend" w.m. Ted Heath & Moira Heath
 * "There Goes That Song Again" Allie Wrubel
 * "There, I've Said It Again" w.m. Redd Evans & Dave Mann
 * "This Is New" w. Ira Gershwin m. Kurt Weill
 * "This Time the Dream's on Me" w. Johnny Mercer m. Harold Arlen. Introduced by Priscilla Lane in the film Blues in the Night.
 * "(Lights Out) 'Til Reveille" w. Stanley Cowan m. Stanley Cowan & Bobby Worth
 * "Tonight We Love" w. Bobby Worth m. Freddy Martin & Ray Austin
 * "Tschaikovsky (And Other Russians)" w. Ira Gershwin m. Kurt Weill. Introduced by Danny Kaye in the musical Lady in the Dark
 * "Two In Love" w.m. Meredith Willson
 * "Violets For Your Furs" w. Tom Adair m. Matt Dennis
 * "The Waiter And The Porter And The Upstairs Maid" w.m Johnny Mercer
 * "Walking the Floor Over You" w.m. Ernest Tubb
 * "We're The Couple In The Castle" w. Frank Loesser m. Hoagy Carmichael
 * "When I Love I Love" w. Mack Gordon m. Harry Warren
 * "When I See an Elephant Fly" w. Ned Washington m. Oliver Wallace
 * "When My Blue Moon Turns To Gold Again" w.m. Wiley Walker & Gene Sullivan
 * "When They Sound The Last All Clear" w.m. Hughie Charles, Louis Elton
 * "(There'll Be Bluebirds Over) The White Cliffs of Dover" w. Nat Burton m. Walter Kent
 * "Why Don't We Do This More Often?" w. Charles Newman m. Allie Wrubel
 * "Winter Weather" w.m. Ted Shapiro
 * "You And I" w.m. Meredith Willson
 * "You Don't Know What Love Is" w. Don Raye m. Gene De Paul

Other publications

 * Robert van Gulik – The Lore of the Chinese Lute: An Essay in Ch'in Ideology

Compositions

 * Joseph Achron – Concerto for Piano Solo
 * Richard Addinsell – Warsaw Concerto
 * Hanns Eisler – Vierzehn Arten den Regen zu Beschreiben (Fourteen Ways of Describing the Rain)
 * Roberto Gerhard – Sinfonía homenaje a Pedrell
 * Reinhold Glière – Pochodnyj marš (Field march) for wind orchestra, op. 76
 * Paul Hindemith – English Horn Sonata (premiered November 23 in New York City)
 * Vagn Holmboe – Symphony No. 3, Sinfonia rustica
 * Symphony No. 4, Sinfonia sacra
 * Wilhelm Kienzl – String Quartet No.3, Op.113
 * Olivier Messiaen – Quatour pour la fin du temps
 * Harry Partch – Barstow
 * Sergei Prokofiev – String Quartet No. 2 in F, Op. 92
 * Sergei Rachmaninoff – Lullaby (Paraphrase of Tchaikovsky's "Cradle Song" Op. 16 No. 1)
 * Dmitri Shostakovich – Symphony No. 7 C major, Op. 60 "Leningrad"
 * Lukas Foss – Concerto No. 1 for clarinet and orchestra

Opera

 * Benjamin Britten – Paul Bunyan
 * Miguel Bernal Jiménez – Tata Vasco
 * William Grant Still – A Bayou Legend, with libretto by Verna Arvey

Film

 * Bernard Herrmann – Citizen Kane
 * Bernard Herrmann – The Devil and Daniel Webster
 * Erich Korngold – The Sea Wolf
 * Franz Waxman - Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
 * Ralph Vaughan Williams – 49th Parallel

Musical theatre

 * Apple Sauce London revue opened at the Palladium on March 5
 * Banjo Eyes Broadway production opened on December 25 at the Hollywood Theatre and ran for 126 performances.
 * Best Foot Forward Broadway production opened on October 1 at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre and ran for 326 performances.
 * Get a Load of This London production opened on November 19 at the Hippodrome Theatre and ran for 698 performances.
 * High Kickers Broadway production opened on October 31 at the Broadhurst Theatre and ran for 171 performances.
 * It Happens on Ice Broadway Revue opened on July 15 at the Center Theatre and ran for 386 performances.
 * Lady Behave London production opened at His Majesty's Theatre on July 24 and ran for 401 performances
 * Lady in the Dark Broadway production opened on January 23 at the Alvin Theatre and ran for 467 performances.
 * Let's Face It! Broadway production opened on October 29 at the Imperial Theatre and ran for 547 performances.
 * Sons O' Fun Broadway Revue opened on December 1 at the Winter Garden Theatre and ran for 742 performances.

Musical films

 * Alle gaar rundt og forelsker sig, starring Lilian Ellis
 * Apavadu
 * Babes on Broadway
 * Birth of the Blues
 * Blues in the Night
 * The Chocolate Soldier
 * Dumbo
 * Háry János, starring Antal Páger and Margit Dajka
 * He Found a Star starring Vic Oliver, Sarah Churchill and Evelyn Dall
 * Hold That Ghost starring Bud Abbott and Lou Costello and featuring The Andrews Sisters and Ted Lewis and his Band
 * In the Navy starring Bud Abbott, Lou Costello, Dick Powell and The Andrews Sisters
 * Kiss the Boys Goodbye starring Don Ameche and Mary Martin
 * Lady Be Good
 * Moon Over Miami
 * Navy Blues starring Ann Sheridan, Jack Oakie, Martha Raye and Jack Haley
 * Playmates
 * Rise and Shine starring Jack Oakie, Linda Darnell, George Murphy and Milton Berle
 * Road to Zanzibar
 * San Antonio Rose starring Robert Paige, Jane Frazee, Eve Arden and The Merry Macs
 * Sis Hopkins starring Judy Canova, Bob Crosby, Jerry Colonna and Susan Hayward
 * Smilin' Through
 * Sun Valley Serenade
 * Sunny
 * Sweetheart of the Campus
 * That Certain Something
 * That Night in Rio
 * They Met in Argentina
 * Time Out for Rhythm
 * Too Many Blondes starring Rudy Vallee and Helen Parrish
 * Week-End in Havana
 * You'll Never Get Rich starring Fred Astaire, Rita Hayworth and Robert Benchley. Directed by Sidney Lanfield.
 * You're the One starring Bonnie Baker, Orrin Tucker & his Orchestra, Edward Everett Horton and Jerry Colonna
 * Ziegfeld Girl
 * Zis Boom Bah starring Grace Hayes, Peter Lind Hayes, Mary Healy, Skeets Gallagher and Benny Rubin, and directed by William Nigh

Births

 * January 3 – Van Dyke Parks, singer, arranger and composer
 * January 9
 * Joan Baez, folk singer
 * Roy Head, singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2020)
 * January 11 – Dave Edwards, American musician (died 2000)
 * January 12 – Long John Baldry, R&B singer (Blues Incorporated) (died 2005)
 * January 15 – Captain Beefheart, musician and artist (died 2010)
 * January 18 – David Ruffin (The Temptations) (died 1991)
 * January 20 – Ron Townson (The 5th Dimension) (died 2001)
 * January 21
 * Plácido Domingo, operatic tenor
 * Richie Havens, folk singer (died 2013)
 * January 24
 * Michael Chapman, folk guitarist and singer-songwriter (died 2021)
 * Neil Diamond, singer-songwriter
 * Aaron Neville, R&B and soul vocalist and musician (The Neville Brothers)
 * January 27 – Bobby Hutcherson, American jazz musician (died 2016)
 * January 28 – Cash McCall, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2010)
 * February 4 – John Steel, rock drummer The Animals
 * February 5
 * Henson Cargill, country singer (died 2007)
 * Barrett Strong, Motown singer-songwriter (died 2023)
 * Cory Wells, rock singer (Three Dog Night) (died 2015)
 * February 6 – Dave Berry, singer (Dave Berry and the Crusaders)
 * February 11
 * Earl Lewis (The Channels)
 * Sergio Mendes, Brazilian keyboard player and Latin American musician
 * Tom Rush, folk & blues singer
 * February 12 – Dominguinhos, Brazilian composer, accordionist and singer (died 2013)
 * February 15 – Brian Holland, songwriter
 * February 17 – Gene Pitney, pop singer-songwriter (died 2006)
 * February 18
 * Herman Santiago, rock & roll singer-songwriter (Frankie Lymon & The Teenagers)
 * Irma Thomas, soul singer
 * February 20 – Buffy Sainte-Marie, singer and composer
 * February 24 – Joanie Sommers, singer and actress
 * March 6 – Palle Mikkelborg, jazz trumpeter and composer
 * March 8 – Ivana Loudová, composer (died 2017)
 * March 12 – Paul Kantner, psychedelic rock guitarist (Jefferson Airplane, KBC Band) (died 2016)
 * March 15 – Mike Love, rock singer (The Beach Boys)
 * March 18 – Wilson Pickett, soul singer (died 2006)
 * March 22 – Jeremy Clyde, singer (Chad and Jeremy)
 * March 24 – Michael Masser, songwriter, composer and producer of popular music (died 2015)
 * March 28 – Alf Clausen, orchestra conductor (The Simpsons)
 * March 30 – Graeme Edge (The Moody Blues) (died 2021)
 * April 3
 * Jan Berry, American singer (Jan & Dean) (died 2004)
 * Jorma Hynninen, Finnish baritone
 * Philippé Wynne, American musician (died 1984)
 * April 5
 * David LaFlamme, born Gary Posie, classical and rock violinist (It's a Beautiful Day)
 * Dave Swarbrick, folk rock fiddle player (Fairport Convention) (died 2016)
 * April 8 – J. J. Jackson (died 2004)
 * April 9 – Kay Adams, country singer
 * April 17 – Adolphus Hailstork, composer and educator
 * April 19 – Roberto Carlos, singer
 * April 21 – Jim Owen, country singer-songwriter (died 2020)
 * April 28
 * Peter Anders, The Tradewinds
 * Ann-Margret, actress and singer
 * April 30 – Johnny Farina (Santo & Johnny)
 * May 4 – Richard Burns (The Hondells)
 * May 8 – John Fred, vocalist (John Fred & His Playboy Band) (died 2005)
 * May 9
 * Peter Birrell (Freddie & The Dreamers)
 * Danny Rapp, American singer (Danny and the Juniors) (died 1983)
 * May 11 – Eric Burdon, R&B singer (The Animals)
 * May 13
 * Joe Brown, singer and guitarist
 * Ritchie Valens, singer (died 1959)
 * May 18 – Lobby Loyde, Australian guitarist, songwriter and producer (Billy Thorpe & the Aztecs, Purple Hearts, Wild Cherries and Rose Tattoo) (died 2007)
 * May 21 – Ronald Isley (The Isley Brothers)
 * May 24
 * Konrad Boehmer, composer
 * Bob Dylan, folk singer-songwriter
 * May 27 – Teppo Hauta-aho, Finnish double bassist and composer
 * June 1 – Edo de Waart, conductor
 * June 2
 * William Guest, R&B/soul singer (Gladys Knight & the Pips) (died 2015)
 * Charlie Watts, rock drummer (The Rolling Stones) (died 2021)
 * June 5 – Martha Argerich, pianist
 * June 7 – Jaime Laredo, Bolivian-American violinist and conductor
 * June 8 – Fuzzy Haskins, musician (died 2023)
 * June 9 – Jon Lord, rock keyboard player and composer (Deep Purple) (died 2012)
 * June 10
 * Mickey Jones, rock drummer and character actor (died 2018)
 * Shirley Owens, soul singer (The Shirelles)
 * Aida Vedishcheva, Soviet and Russian singer
 * June 12
 * Chick Corea, jazz musician (died 2021)
 * Roy Harper, folk rock singer-songwriter
 * Reg Presley, rock singer-songwriter (The Troggs) (died 2013)
 * June 13 – Esther Ofarim, singer
 * June 15 – Harry Nilsson, singer-songwriter (died 1994)
 * June 16 – Lamont Dozier, songwriter (died 2022)
 * June 23 – Robert Hunter, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Grateful Dead) (died 2019)
 * June 24 – Erkin Koray, Turkish musician
 * July 5 – Terry Cashman, record producer and singer-songwriter
 * July 7 – Jim Rodford, bass guitarist (Argent) (died 2018)
 * July 16 – Desmond Dekker, reggae musician (died 2006)
 * July 17
 * Spencer Davis, instrumentalist (The Spencer Davis Group) (died 2020)
 * Gribouille, singer (died 1968)
 * July 18
 * Lonnie Mack, rock and blues guitarist (died 2016)
 * Martha Reeves, vocalist
 * July 19 – Vicki Carr, singer
 * July 22
 * Estelle Bennett (The Ronettes) (died 2009)
 * George Clinton, American musician
 * July 25 – Manny Charlton (Nazareth) (died 2022)
 * July 26 – Brenton Wood, singer-songwriter
 * July 27 – Johannes Fritsch, composer and violist (died 2010)
 * July 28 – Riccardo Muti, conductor
 * July 30 – Paul Anka, singer-songwriter
 * August 2 – Doris Coley (The Shirelles) (died 2000)
 * August 3 – Beverly Lee (The Shirelles)
 * August 14
 * David Crosby, rock singer-songwriter (The Byrds, Crosby, Stills & Nash) (died 2023)
 * Connie Smith, country singer-songwriter
 * August 19 – Alain Boublil, librettist
 * August 20 – Dave Brock (Hawkwind)
 * August 21
 * Tom Coster (Santana)
 * Jackie DeShannon, singer-songwriter
 * August 22 – Marvell Thomas, African-American Memphis blues keyboardist (died 2017)
 * August 24 – Kenny Rogers, country musician (died 2020)
 * August 26 – Chris Curtis (The Searchers) (died 2005)
 * August 27 – Cesária Évora, morna vocalist (died 2011)
 * August 28 – Joseph Shabalala, choral director (Ladysmith Black Mambazo) (died 2020)
 * August 30 – John McNally (The Searchers)
 * September 9 – Otis Redding, soul singer (died 1967)
 * September 10 – Christopher Hogwood, conductor and harpsichordist (died 2014)
 * September 13 – David Clayton-Thomas, vocalist (Blood, Sweat & Tears)
 * September 14 – Alberto Naranjo, arranger and composer (died 2020)
 * September 19 – Cass Elliot, singer (died 1974)
 * September 24 – Linda McCartney (Wings) (died 1998)
 * September 26 – Salvatore Accardo, Italian violinist and conductor
 * October 2 – Ron Meagher (The Beau Brummels)
 * October 3 – Chubby Checker, singer
 * October 4 – Mighty Shadow, Trinidadian calypsonian (died 2018)
 * October 13 – Paul Simon, singer-songwriter
 * October 17
 * Alan Howard (The Tremeloes)
 * James Seals (Seals and Crofts) (died 2022)
 * October 21
 * Manfred Mann, born Manfred Lubowitz, rock keyboardist and singer-songwriter (Manfred Mann)
 * Steve Cropper, R&B guitarist (Booker T. & the M.G.'s)
 * October 24 – Helen Reddy, singer (died 2020)
 * October 28
 * Curtis Lee, singer (died 2015)
 * Hank Marvin, guitarist (The Shadows)
 * October 30 – Otis Williams, vocalist (The Temptations)
 * November 2
 * Brian Poole, singer (The Tremeloes)
 * Bruce Welch, guitarist and singer (The Shadows)
 * November 5 – Art Garfunkel, singer (Simon and Garfunkel)
 * November 6
 * James Bowman, countertenor (died 2023)
 * Guy Clark, folk singer-songwriter (died 2016)
 * Doug Sahm, Tex-Mex musician (Sir Douglas Quintet) (died 1999)
 * November 8 – Simon Standage, baroque violinist
 * November 9 – Tom Fogerty, rock rhythm guitarist (Creedence Clearwater Revival) (died 1990)
 * November 13 – Odia Coates, singer (died 1991)
 * November 16 – Dan Penn, American singer-songwriter and producer
 * November 20 – Dr. John, American singer-songwriter and musician (died 2019)
 * November 21 – David Porter, American soul musician
 * November 24
 * Pete Best, rock drummer (The Beatles, original lineup)
 * Donald "Duck" Dunn, rock bass guitarist (Booker T. & the M.G.'s, The Blues Brothers) (died 2012)
 * November 27 – Eddie Rabbitt, country singer-songwriter (Amos Garrett) (died 1998)
 * November 29 – Denny Doherty, folk singer (The Mamas & the Papas) (died 2007)
 * December 2 – Tom McGuinness, English pop guitarist (Manfred Mann)
 * December 8 - Bobby Elliott, drummer (The Hollies)
 * December 10
 * Kyu Sakamoto, Japanese singer and actor (died 1985)
 * Peter Sarstedt, Indian-born British singer-songwriter (died 2017)
 * Chad Stuart, English folk rock singer (Chad & Jeremy) (died 2020)
 * December 12 – Tim Hauser, American singer (The Manhattan Transfer) (died 2014)
 * December 18 – Sam Andrew, American rock musician (Big Brother & The Holding Company) (died 2015)
 * December 19 – Maurice White, American R&B musician (Earth, Wind and Fire) (died 2016)
 * December 27
 * Les Maguire, English pop pianist (Gerry & the Pacemakers)
 * Mike Pinder, English rock keyboard player (The Moody Blues)
 * December 29 – Ray Thomas, English rock flautist and singer-songwriter (The Moody Blues) (died 2018)

Deaths

 * January 7 – Louis Bousquet, composer and lyricist (born 1871)
 * January 10 – Frank Bridge, composer, 61
 * January 23 – Dobri Hristov, composer, 65
 * February 5 – Miina Härma, Estonian organist, composer, and conductor, 76
 * February 13 – Blind Boy Fuller, blues musician, 36 (sepsis)
 * February 15 – Guido Adler, musicologist, 85
 * February 19 – Sir Hamilton Harty, conductor and composer, 61
 * February 21 – La Bolduc, Québécois singer, 46 (cancer)
 * March 11 – Sir Henry Walford Davies, composer, 71
 * March 12 – Ernst Décsey, music critic, 70
 * March 17 – Wassily Sapellnikoff, pianist, 73
 * March 20 – Oskar Baum, music teacher and writer, 58
 * March 27 – Primo Riccitelli, Italian composer, 65
 * April 6 – Henry Burr, Canadian popular singer, 59 (throat cancer)
 * April 17 – Al Bowlly, popular singer, 43 (explosion)
 * April 19 – Johanna Müller-Hermann, Austrian composer and teacher
 * April 21 – Agustín Bardi, tango composer, pianist and violinist, 56 (heart attack)
 * May 1
 * Julia Claussen, operatic mezzo-soprano
 * Howard Johnson, lyricist
 * May 18 – Milka Ternina, Croatian dramatic soprano
 * May 23 – Slavko Osterc, Slovenian composer, 45
 * May 30 – Edmund L. Gruber, composer (born 1879)
 * June 17 – Johan Wagenaar, organist and composer, 78
 * June 29 – Ignacy Jan Paderewski, pianist and composer, former Prime Minister of Poland, 80
 * July 5 – Oskar Fried, conductor and composer
 * July 8 – Philippe Gaubert, composer and conductor, 62
 * July 10 – Jelly Roll Morton, jazz pianist, 55 (asthma)
 * July 30 – Hugo Becker, cellist, 78
 * August 16 – John Coates, operatic tenor
 * August 30 – Hong Nan-pa, composer, violinist, conductor, music critic and educator, 44
 * September 18 – Louis Feuillard, French cellist and professor (born 1872)
 * September 19 – Enrique Saborido, tango pianist and composer, 64
 * October 3 – Wilhelm Kienzl, Austrian composer and conductor (born 1857)
 * October 8
 * Helen Morgan, US singer and actress, 41 (cirrhosis of the liver)
 * Gus Kahn, US lyric writer, 54
 * October 26 – Victor Schertzinger, violinist and composer, 53 (heart attack)
 * October 29 – Edmée Favart, operatic soprano, 62
 * October 30 – Leon "Chu" Berry, jazz saxophonist, 33 (car accident)
 * November 1 – Félix Mayol, singer, 68
 * November 16 – Miina Härma, organist and composer, 77
 * November 17 – Edmond Haraucourt, lyricist (born 1856)
 * November 25 – Henri Christiné, composer,
 * November 29 – Gennaro Papi, Italian opera conductor, 54
 * December 3 – Christian Sinding, composer, 85
 * December 21 – Peetie Wheatstraw, blues singer, 39 (car accident)
 * December 22 – Jurgis Karnavičius, composer, 57
 * December 24 – Siegfried Alkan, composer, 83
 * date unknown – William H. Potstock, music teacher and composer

title: 1941 in music