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List of Arecaceae genera

This is a list of all the genera in the botanical family Arecaceae, the palm family, based on Baker & Dransfield (2016), which is a revised listing of genera given in the 2008 edition of Genera Palmarum.

Taxonomy
This is a list of all the genera in the botanical family Arecaceae, the palm family, arranged by tribes and subtribes within the family.

Genera Palmarum (2008) lists 183 genera. Lanonia, Saribus, and the monotypic genera Jailoloa, Wallaceodoxa, Manjekia, and Sabinaria, which were described after 2008, have also been included below. Ceratolobus, Daemonorops, Pogonotium, Wallichia, Lytocaryum, and the monotypic genera Retispatha, Pritchardiopsis, and Solfia have since been removed from Genera Palmarum (2008) as obsolete genera. This brings the total number of genera to 181 as of 2016.

Phylogenetic tree of Arecaceae.

Subfamily Calamoideae

 * Tribe Eugeissoneae
 * Eugeissona – Borneo, Malay Peninsula
 * Tribe Lepidocaryeae – Africa and South America
 * Subtribe Ancistrophyllinae – Africa
 * Oncocalamus – Central Africa
 * Eremospatha – Africa
 * Laccosperma – Africa
 * Subtribe Raphiinae
 * Raphia – Africa, Madagascar, parts of South America
 * Subtribe Mauritiinae – northern South America
 * Lepidocaryum – central Amazon basin; monotypic genus
 * Mauritia – northern South America
 * Mauritiella – northern South America
 * Tribe Calameae – Africa and Asia
 * Subtribe Korthalsiinae
 * Korthalsia – Malesia, New Guinea, Indochina
 * Subtribe Salaccinae – Malesia, Indochina
 * Eleiodoxa – Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo; monotypic genus
 * Salacca – Malesia, Indochina
 * Subtribe Metroxylinae
 * Metroxylon – New Guinea, Melanesia
 * Subtribe Pigafettinae
 * Pigafetta – Sulawesi, Moluccas and New Guinea
 * Subtribe Plectocomiinae – Malesia, Indochina
 * Plectocomia – Malesia, Indochina
 * Myrialepis – Malesia, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra; monotypic genus
 * Plectocomiopsis – Malesia, Indochina
 * Subtribe Calaminae – Africa, Asia
 * Calamus – Africa, Asia

Obselete genera:
 * Calospatha (synonym of Calamus) – Malay Peninsula
 * Daemonorops (syn. of Calamus) – Malesia, Indochina
 * Ceratolobus (syn. of Calamus) – Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo
 * Pogonotium (syn. of Calamus) – northern Borneo

Subfamily Nypoideae

 * Nypa

Subfamily Coryphoideae

 * Tribe Sabaleae
 * Sabal – Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, Mexico
 * Tribe Cryosophileae – Americas
 * Schippia – Guatemala and Belize; monotypic genus
 * Trithrinax – south-central South America
 * Zombia – Hispaniola; monotypic genus
 * Coccothrinax – Caribbean
 * Hemithrinax – Cuba
 * Leucothrinax – northern Caribbean; monotypic genus
 * Thrinax – Caribbean and Central America
 * Chelyocarpus – Peru and nearby
 * Cryosophila – Central America
 * Itaya – Amazon basin; monotypic genus
 * Sabinaria – Colombia and Panama; monotypic genus
 * Tribe Phoeniceae
 * Phoenix – Africa and Asia
 * Tribe Trachycarpeae
 * Subtribe Rhapidinae
 * Chamaerops – Mediterranean; monotypic genus
 * Guihaia – Vietnam and China
 * Trachycarpus – southern China, northern Indochina, Himalayas
 * Rhapidophyllum – Florida; monotypic genus
 * Maxburretia – Malay Peninsula
 * Rhapis – Indochina, Aceh
 * Subtribe Livistoninae
 * Livistona – Indomalaya, Australasia, Gulf of Aden
 * Licuala – Indochina, Malesia, Melanesia
 * Johannesteijsmannia – Malay Peninsula and nearby parts of Sumatra and Borneo
 * Pholidocarpus – Malaysia, northern Indonesia
 * Saribus – Malesia, New Guinea, Island Melanesia
 * Lanonia – southern China, Indochina, Java
 * Unplaced members of Trachycarpeae
 * Acoelorraphe – Central America, Cuba, Bahamas, Florida; monotypic genus
 * Serenoa – Florida, US Gulf Coast except Texas; monotypic genus
 * Brahea – Mexico, Central America
 * Colpothrinax – Central America, Cuba
 * Copernicia – Greater Antilles, South America
 * Pritchardia – Polynesia
 * Washingtonia – Baja California, Colorado River region
 * Tribe Chuniophoeniceae
 * Chuniophoenix – Vietnam, southern China
 * Kerriodoxa – southern Thailand; monotypic genus
 * Nannorrhops – SE Arabia, SE Iran, SW Pakistan; monotypic genus
 * Tahina – NW Madagascar; monotypic genus
 * Tribe Caryoteae – Indomalaya, Australasia
 * Caryota – Indomalaya, Australasia
 * Arenga – Indomalaya, Australasia
 * Tribe Corypheae
 * Corypha – Indomalaya, Australasia
 * Tribe Borasseae – Africa and Asia
 * Subtribe Hyphaenieae – Africa, Indian Ocean
 * Bismarckia – W Madagascar; monotypic genus
 * Satranala – NE Madagascar; monotypic genus
 * Hyphaene – Africa, Indian Ocean
 * Medemia – Upper Nile (Sudan, Egypt); monotypic genus
 * Subtribe Lataniieae – Africa and Asia
 * Latania – Mascarenes
 * Lodoicea – Seychelles; monotypic genus
 * Borassodendron – Malay Peninsula, Borneo
 * Borassus – Africa and Asia

Obsolete genera:
 * Pritchardiopsis – New Caledonia
 * Wallichia – Indochina, Himalayas; accepted by Plants of the World Online

Subfamily Ceroxyloideae

 * Tribe Cyclospatheae
 * Pseudophoenix – Greater Antilles and nearby
 * Tribe Ceroxyleae
 * Ceroxylon – northern Andes
 * Juania – Juan Fernández Islands; monotypic genus
 * Oraniopsis – Queensland; monotypic genus
 * Ravenea – Madagascar and Comoros
 * Tribe Phytelepheae – NW South America, Panama, Costa Rica
 * Ammandra – Colombia, Ecuador; monotypic genus
 * Aphandra – western Amazon basin; monotypic genus
 * Phytelephas – NW South America, Panama, Costa Rica

Subfamily Arecoideae

 * Tribe Iriarteeae – northern South America
 * Iriartella – northern South America
 * Dictyocaryum – northern Andes, parts of Amazons
 * Iriartea – NW South America, Central America; monotypic genus
 * Socratea – northern South America, Central America
 * Wettinia – NW South America
 * Tribe Chamaedoreeae – Americas, Mascarenes
 * Hyophorbe – Mascarenes
 * Wendlandiella – Peruvian Amazon
 * Synechanthus – Central America, Colombia, Ecuador
 * Chamaedorea – Central America, NW South America
 * Gaussia – Mexico, Belize, Cuba
 * Tribe Podococceae
 * Podococcus – Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea
 * Tribe Oranieae
 * Orania – Malesia, New Guinea, Madagascar
 * Tribe Sclerospermeae
 * Sclerosperma – Central Africa
 * Tribe Roystoneeae
 * Roystonea – Caribbean
 * Tribe Reinhardtieae
 * Reinhardtia – Central America
 * Tribe Cocoseae
 * Subtribe Attaleinae
 * Beccariophoenix – Madagascar
 * Jubaeopsis – South Africa; monotypic genus
 * Voanioala – NE Madagascar; monotypic genus
 * Allagoptera – Central South America
 * Attalea – Americas
 * Butia – SE South America
 * Cocos – cosmopolitan; monotypic genus
 * Jubaea – Chile; monotypic genus
 * Syagrus – South America
 * Parajubaea – Andes
 * Subtribe Bactridinae – Americas
 * Acrocomia – Americas
 * Astrocaryum – Americas
 * Aiphanes – NW South America, Caribbean
 * Bactris – South America, Central America, Caribbean
 * Desmoncus – South America, Central America
 * Subtribe Elaeidinae
 * Barcella – northern Brazil; monotypic genus
 * Elaeis – Africa, northern South America
 * Tribe Manicarieae
 * Manicaria – northern South America
 * Tribe Euterpeae – South America, Central America, Caribbean
 * Hyospathe – northern South America
 * Euterpe – South America, Central America
 * Prestoea – northern South America, Caribbean
 * Neonicholsonia – Central America; monotypic genus
 * Oenocarpus – South America
 * Tribe Geonomateae – Americas
 * Welfia – Central America, Colombia, Ecuador
 * Pholidostachys – NW South America, Panama, Costa Rica
 * Calyptrogyne – Central America
 * Calyptronoma – Greater Antilles
 * Asterogyne – northern South America, Central America
 * Geonoma – Americas
 * Tribe Leopoldinieae
 * Leopoldinia – Central Amazon basin
 * Tribe Pelagodoxeae – New Guinea, Oceania
 * Pelagodoxa – Marquesas Islands; monotypic genus
 * Sommieria – NW New Guinea; monotypic genus
 * Tribe Areceae – Malesia, Australasia, Madagascar
 * Subtribe Archontophoenicinae – New Guinea, Australia, New Caledonia
 * Actinorhytis – New Guinea; monotypic genus
 * Archontophoenix – eastern Australia
 * Actinokentia – New Caledonia
 * Chambeyronia – New Caledonia
 * Kentiopsis – New Caledonia
 * Subtribe Arecinae – Indochina, Malesia, New Guinea
 * Areca – Indochina, Malesia, New Guinea
 * Nenga – Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Java
 * Pinanga – Indochina, Malesia, New Guinea
 * Subtribe Basseliniinae – Island Melanesia
 * Basselinia – New Caledonia
 * Burretiokentia – New Caledonia
 * Cyphophoenix – New Caledonia
 * Cyphosperma – New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiji
 * Lepidorrhachis – Lord Howe Island; monotypic genus
 * Physokentia – Island Melanesia
 * Subtribe Carpoxylinae – Island Melanesia, Ryukyu Islands
 * Carpoxylon – northern Vanuatu; monotypic genus
 * Satakentia – Ryukyu Islands; monotypic genus
 * Neoveitchia – Vanuatu, Fiji
 * Subtribe Clinospermatinae – New Caledonia
 * Cyphokentia – New Caledonia
 * Clinosperma – New Caledonia
 * Subtribe Dypsidinae – Madagascar, Comoros
 * Dypsis – Madagascar, Comoros
 * Lemurophoenix – NE Madagascar; monotypic genus
 * Marojejya – E Madagascar
 * Masoala – E Madagascar
 * Subtribe Laccospadicinae – New Guinea, E Australia
 * Calyptrocalyx – New Guinea
 * Linospadix – New Guinea, E Australia
 * Howea – Lord Howe Island
 * Laccospadix – northern Queensland; monotypic genus
 * Subtribe Oncospermatinae – Malesia, Sri Lanka, Seychelles, Mascarenes
 * Oncosperma – Malesia
 * Deckenia – Seychelles; monotypic genus
 * Acanthophoenix – Mascarenes
 * Tectiphiala – Mauritius; monotypic genus
 * Subtribe Ptychospermatinae – Australasia
 * Ptychosperma – New Guinea, northern Australia
 * Ponapea – Caroline Islands, Bismarcks
 * Adonidia – Palawan
 * Balaka – Fiji, Samoa
 * Veitchia – Vanuatu, Fiji
 * Carpentaria – Northern Territory; monotypic genus
 * Wodyetia – northern Queensland; monotypic genus
 * Drymophloeus – NW New Guinea, Bismarcks, Solomon Islands, Samoa
 * Normanbya – northern Queensland; monotypic genus
 * Brassiophoenix – Papua New Guinea
 * Ptychococcus – New Guinea
 * Jailoloa – Halmahera; monotypic genus
 * Manjekia – Biak; monotypic genus
 * Wallaceodoxa – Raja Ampat Islands; monotypic genus
 * Subtribe Rhopalostylidinae – New Zealand
 * Rhopalostylis – New Zealand, Chatham Islands, Norfolk Island, and Kermadec Islands
 * Hedyscepe – Lord Howe Island; monotypic genus
 * Subtribe Verschaffeltiinae – Seychelles
 * Nephrosperma – Seychelles; monotypic genus
 * Phoenicophorium – Seychelles; monotypic genus
 * Roscheria – Seychelles; monotypic genus
 * Verschaffeltia – Seychelles; monotypic genus
 * Unplaced members of Areceae
 * Bentinckia – South India, Nicobars
 * Clinostigma – western Oceania
 * Cyrtostachys – Malesia, New Guinea, Solomon Islands
 * Dictyosperma – Mascarenes; monotypic genus
 * Dransfieldia – West Papua; monotypic genus
 * Heterospathe – Philippines, New Guinea, Island Melanesia
 * Hydriastele – Australasia
 * Iguanura – Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo
 * Loxococcus – Sri Lanka; monotypic genus
 * Rhopaloblaste – New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Malay Peninsula, Nicobar Islands

Obsolete genera:
 * Lytocaryum – Brazil
 * Solfia – Samoa

Geographical distributions
Below are geographical distributions of all the genera in the botanical family Arecaceae, following the 2008 edition of Genera Palmarum (pp. 647-650).

Islands and archipelagos with large numbers of endemic genera include New Caledonia, Lord Howe Island, New Guinea, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Seychelles, and the Mascarenes.

Old World

 * Arabia
 * Hyphaene
 * Livistona
 * Nannorrhops
 * Phoenix

 * Australia (see also Lord Howe Island)
 * Archontophoenix
 * Arenga
 * Calamus
 * Carpentaria
 * Caryota
 * Cocos
 * Corypha
 * Hydriastele
 * Laccospadix
 * Licuala
 * Linospadix
 * Livistona
 * Normanbya
 * Nypa
 * Oraniopsis
 * Ptychosperma
 * Wodyetia

 * Borneo
 * Adonidia
 * Areca
 * Arenga
 * Borassodendron
 * Calamus
 * Caryota
 * Corypha
 * Cyrtostachys
 * Eleiodoxa
 * Eugeissona
 * Iguanura
 * Johannesteijsmannia
 * Korthalsia
 * Licuala
 * Livistona
 * Nenga
 * Nypa
 * Oncosperma
 * Orania
 * Pholidocarpus
 * Pinanga
 * Plectocomia
 * Plectocomiopsis
 * Salacca

 * China
 * Arenga
 * Borassus
 * Calamus
 * Caryota
 * Chuniophoenix
 * Corypha
 * Guihaia
 * Lanonia
 * Licuala
 * Livistona
 * Nypa
 * Phoenix
 * Pinanga
 * Plectocomia
 * Rhapis
 * Salacca
 * Trachycarpus
 * Wallichia

 * Europe, North Africa, Egypt, Asia Minor
 * Chamaerops
 * Hyphaene
 * Medemia
 * Phoenix

 * Fiji and Samoa
 * Balaka
 * Calamus
 * Clinostigma
 * Cyphosperma
 * Drymophloeus
 * Heterospathe
 * Metroxylon
 * Neoveitchia
 * Physokentia
 * Pritchardia
 * Solfia
 * Veitchia

 * Hawaii
 * Pritchardia

 * India, including Andamans and Nicobars
 * Areca
 * Arenga
 * Bentinckia
 * Borassus
 * Calamus
 * Caryota
 * Corypha
 * Hyphaene
 * Korthalsia
 * Licuala
 * Livistona
 * Nannorrhops
 * Nypa
 * Phoenix
 * Pinanga
 * Plectocomia
 * Rhopaloblaste
 * Trachycarpus
 * Wallichia

 * Indochina
 * Areca
 * Arenga
 * Borassus
 * Calamus
 * Caryota
 * Corypha
 * Chuniophoenix
 * Guihaia
 * Korthalsia
 * Licuala
 * Livistona
 * Myrialepis
 * Nenga
 * Nypa
 * Oncosperma
 * Phoenix
 * Pinanga
 * Plectocomia
 * Plectocomiopsis
 * Rhapis
 * Salacca
 * Trachycarpus
 * Wallichia

 * Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan
 * Hyphaene
 * Nannorrhops
 * Phoenix

 * Java
 * Areca
 * Arenga
 * Borassus
 * Calamus
 * Caryota
 * Corypha
 * Korthalsia
 * Lanonia
 * Licuala
 * Livistona
 * Nenga
 * Nypa
 * Oncosperma
 * Orania
 * Pinanga
 * Plectocomia
 * Salacca

 * Lesser Sunda Islands
 * Borassus
 * Calamus
 * Caryota
 * Corypha
 * Licuala
 * Nypa

 * Lord Howe Island
 * Hedyscepe
 * Howea
 * Lepidorrhachis

 * Madagascar and Comoros
 * Beccariophoenix
 * Bismarckia
 * Borassus
 * Dypsis
 * Elaeis
 * Hyphaene
 * Lemurophoenix
 * Marojejya
 * Masoala
 * Orania
 * Phoenix
 * Raphia
 * Ravenea
 * Satranala
 * Tahina
 * Voanioala

 * Malay Peninsula
 * Areca
 * Arenga
 * Borassodendron
 * Calamus
 * Caryota
 * Corypha
 * Cyrtostachys
 * Eleiodoxa
 * Eugeissona
 * Iguanura
 * Johannesteijsmannia
 * Korthalsia
 * Licuala
 * Livistona
 * Maxburretia
 * Myrialepis
 * Nenga
 * Nypa
 * Oncosperma
 * Orania
 * Phoenix
 * Pholidocarpus
 * Pinanga
 * Plectocomia
 * Plectocomiopsis
 * Rhopaloblaste
 * Salacca

 * Marquesas
 * Pelagodoxa

 * Mascarenes
 * Acanthophoenix
 * Dictyosperma
 * Hyophorbe
 * Latania
 * Tectiphiala

 * Micronesia
 * Clinostigma
 * Heterospathe
 * Hydriastele
 * Livistona
 * Metroxylon
 * Nypa
 * Pinanga
 * Ponapea

 * Moluccas
 * Areca
 * Arenga
 * Borassus
 * Calamus
 * Calyptrocalyx
 * Caryota
 * Corypha
 * Drymophloeus
 * Heterospathe
 * Hydriastele
 * Jailoloa
 * Licuala
 * Livistona
 * Metroxylon
 * Nypa
 * Oncosperma
 * Orania
 * Pholidocarpus
 * Pigafetta
 * Pinanga
 * Ptychosperma
 * Rhopaloblaste
 * Wallaceodoxa

 * Myanmar
 * Areca
 * Arenga
 * Borassus
 * Calamus
 * Caryota
 * Corypha
 * Korthalsia
 * Licuala
 * Livistona
 * Myrialepis
 * Nypa
 * Oncosperma
 * Phoenix
 * Pinanga
 * Plectocomia
 * Salacca
 * Trachycarpus
 * Wallichia

 * New Caledonia
 * Actinokentia
 * Basselinia
 * Burretiokentia
 * Chambeyronia
 * Clinosperma
 * Cyphokentia
 * Cyphophoenix
 * Cyphosperma
 * Kentiopsis
 * Pritchardiopsis

 * New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago
 * Actinorhytis
 * Areca
 * Arenga
 * Borassus
 * Brassiophoenix
 * Calamus
 * Calyptrocalyx
 * Caryota
 * Clinostigma
 * Corypha
 * Cyrtostachys
 * Dransfieldia
 * Drymophloeus
 * Heterospathe
 * Hydriastele
 * Korthalsia
 * Licuala
 * Linospadix
 * Livistona
 * Metroxylon
 * Nypa
 * Orania
 * Physokentia
 * Pigafetta
 * Pinanga
 * Ptychococcus
 * Ptychosperma
 * Rhopaloblaste
 * Sommieria

 * New Hebrides
 * Calamus
 * Carpoxylon
 * Caryota
 * Clinostigma
 * Cyphosperma
 * Heterospathe
 * Hydriastele
 * Licuala
 * Metroxylon
 * Neoveitchia
 * Physokentia
 * Veitchia

 * New Zealand
 * Rhopalostylis

 * Philippines
 * Adonidia
 * Areca
 * Arenga
 * Livistona
 * Calamus
 * Caryota
 * Cocos
 * Corypha
 * Heterospathe
 * Korthalsia
 * Licuala
 * Nypa
 * Oncosperma
 * Orania
 * Phoenix
 * Pinanga
 * Plectocomia
 * Salacca

 * Ryukyu Islands
 * Arenga
 * Livistona
 * Nypa
 * Phoenix
 * Satakentia

 * Seychelles
 * Deckenia
 * Lodoicea
 * Nephrosperma
 * Phoenicophorium
 * Roscheria
 * Verschaffeltia

 * Solomon Islands
 * Actinorhytis
 * Areca
 * Calamus
 * Caryota
 * Clinostigma
 * Cyrtostachys
 * Drymophloeus
 * Heterospathe
 * Hydriastele
 * Licuala
 * Livistona
 * Metroxylon
 * Nypa
 * Physokentia
 * Ptychosperma
 * Rhopaloblaste

 * Sri Lanka (Ceylon)
 * Areca
 * Borassus
 * Calamus
 * Caryota
 * Corypha
 * Loxococcus
 * Oncosperma
 * Phoenix

 * Sulawesi
 * Areca
 * Arenga
 * Borassus
 * Calamus
 * Caryota
 * Corypha
 * Hydriastele
 * Korthalsia
 * Licuala
 * Livistona
 * Nypa
 * Oncosperma
 * Orania
 * Pholidocarpus
 * Pigafetta
 * Pinanga

 * Sumatra
 * Areca
 * Arenga
 * Calamus
 * Caryota
 * Corypha
 * Cyrtostachys
 * Eleiodoxa
 * Iguanura
 * Johannesteijsmannia
 * Korthalsia
 * Licuala
 * Livistona
 * Myrialepis
 * Nenga
 * Nypa
 * Oncosperma
 * Orania
 * Phoenix
 * Pholidocarpus
 * Pinanga
 * Plectocomia
 * Plectocomiopsis
 * Rhapis
 * Salacca

 * Thailand
 * Areca
 * Arenga
 * Borassodendron
 * Borassus
 * Calamus
 * Caryota
 * Corypha
 * Cyrtostachys
 * Eleiodoxa
 * Eugeissona
 * Iguanura
 * Johannesteijsmannia
 * Kerriodoxa
 * Korthalsia
 * Licuala
 * Livistona
 * Maxburretia
 * Myrialepis
 * Nenga
 * Nypa
 * Oncosperma
 * Orania
 * Phoenix
 * Pinanga
 * Plectocomia
 * Plectocomiopsis
 * Rhapis
 * Salacca
 * Trachycarpus
 * Wallichia

Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa (i.e., Africa, but excluding North Africa) has 16 genera and 65 species.

 * Tropical West Africa
 * Borassus
 * Elaeis
 * Eremospatha
 * Hyphaene
 * Laccosperma
 * Oncocalamus
 * Phoenix
 * Podococcus
 * Raphia
 * Sclerosperma

 * Tropical East Africa
 * Borassus
 * Elaeis
 * Eremospatha
 * Hyphaene
 * Laccosperma
 * Livistona
 * Medemia
 * Phoenix
 * Raphia

 * Southern Africa
 * Borassus
 * Hyphaene
 * Jubaeopsis
 * Phoenix
 * Raphia

New World
There are 65 genera and 730 species in the New World.

 * Argentina
 * Acrocomia
 * Allagoptera
 * Butia
 * Copernicia
 * Euterpe
 * Syagrus
 * Trithrinax

 * Bolivia
 * Acrocomia
 * Aiphanes
 * Astrocaryum
 * Attalea
 * Bactris
 * Ceroxylon
 * Chamaedorea
 * Chelyocarpus
 * Copernicia
 * Desmoncus
 * Dictyocaryum
 * Euterpe
 * Geonoma
 * Hyospathe
 * Iriartea
 * Iriartella
 * Mauritia
 * Mauritiella
 * Oenocarpus
 * Parajubaea
 * Phytelephas
 * Prestoea
 * Socratea
 * Syagrus
 * Trithrinax
 * Wendlandiella
 * Wettinia

 * Brazil
 * Acrocomia
 * Aiphanes
 * Aphandra
 * Attalea
 * Allagoptera
 * Astrocaryum
 * Bactris
 * Barcella
 * Butia
 * Chamaedorea
 * Chelyocarpus
 * Copernicia
 * Desmoncus
 * Dictyocaryum
 * Elaeis
 * Euterpe
 * Geonoma
 * Hyospathe
 * Iriartea
 * Iriartella
 * Itaya
 * Leopoldinia
 * Lepidocaryum
 * Manicaria
 * Mauritia
 * Mauritiella
 * Oenocarpus
 * Pholidostachys
 * Phytelephas
 * Prestoea
 * Raphia
 * Socratea
 * Syagrus
 * Trithrinax
 * Wendlandiella
 * Wettinia

 * Central America
 * Acoelorraphe
 * Acrocomia
 * Aiphanes
 * Asterogyne
 * Astrocaryum
 * Attalea
 * Bactris
 * Brahea
 * Calyptrogyne
 * Chamaedorea
 * Colpothrinax
 * Cryosophila
 * Desmoncus
 * Elaeis
 * Euterpe
 * Gaussia
 * Geonoma
 * Hyospathe
 * Iriartea
 * Manicaria
 * Neonicholsonia
 * Oenocarpus
 * Pholidostachys
 * Phytelephas
 * Prestoea
 * Pseudophoenix
 * Raphia
 * Reinhardtia
 * Roystonea
 * Sabal
 * Schippia
 * Socratea
 * Synechanthus
 * Welfia

 * Chile (see also Juan Fernández Islands)
 * Jubaea

 * Colombia
 * Acrocomia
 * Aiphanes
 * Ammandra
 * Asterogyne
 * Astrocaryum
 * Attalea
 * Bactris
 * Calyptrogyne
 * Ceroxylon
 * Chamaedorea
 * Chelyocarpus
 * Copernicia
 * Cryosophila
 * Desmoncus
 * Dictyocaryum
 * Elaeis
 * Euterpe
 * Geonoma
 * Iriartea
 * Iriartella
 * Itaya
 * Hyospathe
 * Leopoldinia
 * Lepidocaryum
 * Manicaria
 * Mauritia
 * Mauritiella
 * Oenocarpus
 * Pholidostachys
 * Phytelephas
 * Prestoea
 * Raphia
 * Reinhardtia
 * Roystonea
 * Sabal
 * Sabinaria
 * Socratea
 * Syagrus
 * Synechanthus
 * Welfia
 * Wettinia

 * Ecuador
 * Aiphanes
 * Aphandra
 * Astrocaryum
 * Attalea
 * Bactris
 * Ceroxylon
 * Chamaedorea
 * Chelyocarpus
 * Desmoncus
 * Dictyocaryum
 * Elaeis
 * Euterpe
 * Geonoma
 * Hyospathe
 * Iriartea
 * Manicaria
 * Mauritia
 * Mauritiella
 * Oenocarpus
 * Parajubaea
 * Pholidostachys
 * Phytelephas
 * Prestoea
 * Socratea
 * Syagrus
 * Synechanthus
 * Welfia
 * Wettinia

 * Greater Antilles (Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico)
 * Acoelorraphe
 * Acrocomia
 * Attalea
 * Bactris
 * Calyptronoma
 * Coccothrinax
 * Colpothrinax
 * Copernicia
 * Gaussia
 * Geonoma
 * Hemithrinax
 * Leucothrinax
 * Prestoea
 * Pseudophoenix
 * Roystonea
 * Sabal
 * Thrinax
 * Zombia

 * Guianas
 * Acrocomia
 * Astrocaryum
 * Attalea
 * Bactris
 * Desmoncus
 * Dictyocaryum
 * Elaeis
 * Euterpe
 * Geonoma
 * Hyospathe
 * Iriartella
 * Lepidocaryum
 * Manicaria
 * Mauritia
 * Mauritiella
 * Oenocarpus
 * Prestoea
 * Roystonea
 * Socratea
 * Syagrus

 * Juan Fernández Islands
 * Juania

 * Lesser Antilles
 * Acrocomia
 * Aiphanes
 * Coccothrinax
 * Desmoncus
 * Euterpe
 * Geonoma
 * Leucothrinax
 * Prestoea
 * Pseudophoenix
 * Roystonea
 * Sabal
 * Syagrus

 * Mexico
 * Acoelorraphe
 * Acrocomia
 * Astrocaryum
 * Attalea
 * Bactris
 * Brahea
 * Calyptrogyne
 * Chamaedorea
 * Coccothrinax
 * Cryosophila
 * Desmoncus
 * Gaussia
 * Geonoma
 * Pseudophoenix
 * Reinhardtia
 * Roystonea
 * Sabal
 * Synechanthus
 * Thrinax
 * Washingtonia

 * Paraguay
 * Acrocomia
 * Allagoptera
 * Attalea
 * Bactris
 * Butia
 * Copernicia
 * Geonoma
 * Syagrus
 * Trithrinax

 * Peru
 * Aiphanes
 * Aphandra
 * Astrocaryum
 * Attalea
 * Bactris
 * Ceroxylon
 * Chamaedorea
 * Chelyocarpus
 * Desmoncus
 * Dictyocaryum
 * Euterpe
 * Geonoma
 * Hyospathe
 * Iriartella
 * Iriartea
 * Itaya
 * Lepidocaryum
 * Mauritia
 * Mauritiella
 * Oenocarpus
 * Pholidostachys
 * Phytelephas
 * Prestoea
 * Socratea
 * Syagrus
 * Wendlandiella
 * Wettinia

 * Uruguay
 * Butia
 * Syagrus
 * Trithrinax

 * USA (continental)
 * Acoelorraphe
 * Coccothrinax
 * Leucothrinax
 * Pseudophoenix
 * Rhapidophyllum
 * Roystonea
 * Sabal
 * Serenoa
 * Thrinax
 * Washingtonia

 * Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago
 * Acrocomia
 * Aiphanes
 * Asterogyne
 * Astrocaryum
 * Attalea
 * Bactris
 * Ceroxylon
 * Chamaedorea
 * Coccothrinax
 * Copernicia
 * Desmoncus
 * Dictyocaryum
 * Euterpe
 * Geonoma
 * Hyospathe
 * Iriartea
 * Iriartella
 * Leopoldinia
 * Lepidocaryum
 * Manicaria
 * Mauritia
 * Mauritiella
 * Oenocarpus
 * Prestoea
 * Roystonea
 * Sabal
 * Socratea
 * Syagrus
 * Wettinia

Extinct genera

 * Paschalococos – Extinct in around AD 800 to 1600
 * Latanites – Middle Eocene to Early-Middle Oligocene
 * Palaeoraphe – Miocene to around late Pliocene or early Pleistocene
 * Palmoxylon – Late Cretaceous to Miocene
 * Phoenicites – Cretaceous to Miocene
 * Sabalites – Late Cretaceous to Miocene

title: List of Arecaceae genera


text:
Grand Army of the Republic

The Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) was a fraternal organization composed of veterans of the Union Army (United States Army), Union Navy (U.S. Navy), and the Marines who served in the American Civil War. It was founded in 1866 in Decatur, Illinois, and grew to include hundreds of "posts" (local community units) across the North and West. It was dissolved in 1956 at the death of its last member, Albert Woolson. According to Stuart McConnell:"The Grand Army of the Republic, the largest of all Union Army veterans' organizations, was the most powerful single-issue political lobby of the late nineteenth century, securing massive pensions for veterans and helping to elect five postwar presidents from its own membership. To its members, it was also a secret fraternal order, a source of local charity, a provider of entertainment in small municipalities, and a patriotic organization." Linking men through their experience of the war, the GAR became among the first organized advocacy groups in American politics, supporting voting rights for black veterans, promoting patriotic education, helping to make Memorial Day a national holiday, lobbying Congress to establish regular veterans' pensions, and supporting Republican political candidates. Its peak membership, at 410,000, was in 1890, a high point of various Civil War commemorative and monument dedication ceremonies.

History

After the end of American Civil War, various state and local organizations were formed for veterans to network and maintain connections with each other. Many of the veterans used their shared experiences as a basis for fellowship. Groups of men began joining, first for camaraderie and later for political power. Emerging as most influential among the various organizations during the first post-war years was the Grand Army of the Republic, founded on April 6, 1866, on the principles of "Fraternity, Charity and Loyalty," in Decatur, Illinois, by Dr. Benjamin F. Stephenson.

The GAR initially grew and prospered as a de facto political arm of the Republican Party during the heated political contests of the Reconstruction Era. The commemoration of Union Army and Navy veterans, black and white, immediately became entwined with partisan politics. The GAR promoted voting rights for Black veterans, as many white veterans recognized their demonstrated patriotism and sacrifices, providing one of the first racially integrated social/fraternal organizations in America. Black veterans, who enthusiastically embraced the message of equality, shunned black veterans' organizations in preference for racially inclusive and integrated groups. But when the Republican Party's commitment to reform in the South gradually decreased, the GAR's mission became ill-defined and the organization floundered. The GAR almost disappeared in the early 1870s, and many state-centered divisions, named "departments", and local posts ceased to exist.

In his General Order No. 11, dated May 5, 1868, first GAR Commander-in-Chief, General John A. Logan declared May 30 to be Memorial Day (also referred to for many years as "Decoration Day"), calling upon the GAR membership to make the May 30 observance an annual occurrence. Although not the first time war graves had been decorated, Logan's order effectively established "Memorial Day" as the day upon which Americans now pay tribute to all their war casualties, missing-in-action, and deceased veterans. As decades passed, similarly inspired commemorations also spread across the South as "Confederate Memorial Day" or "Confederate Decoration Day", usually in April, led by organizations of Southern soldiers in the parallel United Confederate Veterans.

In the 1880s, the Union veterans' organization revived under new leadership that provided a platform for renewed growth, by advocating Federal pensions for veterans. As the organization revived, black veterans joined in significant numbers and organized local posts. In at least one case, in Ohio, an African American was elected as the commander of a predominately white post. This was Robert A. Pinn of Hart Post 124 in Stark County. While the national organization may have failed to press the case for pensions for black soldiers, many of them did receive federal pensions, and the papers in these pension files are now a rich source for African American genealogical research. Some sources emphasize that these pensions for black soldiers were less frequent than for their white counterparts. Some African American members of the GAR organized the National Memorial Association to advocate for a memorial to black soldiers in 1919.

The GAR was organized into "Departments" at the state level and "Posts" at the community level, and military-style uniforms were worn by its members. There were posts in every state in the U.S., and several posts overseas. The pattern of establishing departments and local posts was later used by other American military veterans' organizations, such as the Veterans of Foreign Wars (organized originally for veterans of the Spanish–American War and the Philippine Insurrection) and the later American Legion (for the First World War and later expanded to include subsequent World War II, Korean, Vietnam and Middle Eastern wars).

The GAR's political power grew during the latter part of the 19th century, and it helped elect several United States presidents, beginning with the 18th, Ulysses S. Grant, and ending with the 25th, William McKinley. Six Civil War veterans (Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James A. Garfield, Chester A. Arthur; Benjamin Harrison, and McKinley) were elected President of the United States; all were Republicans. (The sole post-war Democratic president was Grover Cleveland, the 22nd and 24th chief executive.) For a time, candidates could not get Republican presidential or congressional nominations without the endorsement of the GAR veterans voting bloc. Of the six mentioned US Presidents, at least five were members of the GAR:
 * Ulysses S. Grant (Lt General of the Union Armies) Became a member of the Philadelphia PA George G. Meade Post GAR Post # 1 May 16, 1877
 * Rutherford B. Hayes (Brevet Major General) Became a Member of the Fremont Ohio Manville Moore GAR Post
 * James A. Garfield (Major General) Possibly a member of the GAR – a GAR Post publication refers to the death of Comrade James Garfield, President of the United States
 * Benjamin Harrison (Brevet Brigadier General) Became a member of the Indianapolis Indiana General George H. Thomas GAR Post
 * William McKinley. (Brevet Major of the 23d Ohio) Became a member of the Canton Ohio GAR Post # 25 July 7, 1880 [It was later renamed McKinley GAR Post # 25]

With membership strictly limited to soldiers, sailors or Marines who served in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, or Revenue Cutter Service of the United States of America during the War of the Rebellion 1861–1865, the GAR encouraged the formation of Allied Orders to aid them in various works. Numerous male organizations jousted for the backing of the GAR, and the political battles became quite severe until the GAR finally endorsed the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War as its heir.

The GAR, according to Stuart McConnell, promoted, "a nationalism that honored white, native-stock, middle-class males and ...affirmed a prewar ideal of a virtuous, millennial Republic, based on the independent producer, entrepreneurial capitalism, and the citizen-soldier volunteer."

Female members
Although an overwhelmingly male organization, the GAR is known to have had at least two women who were members.

The first female known to be admitted to the GAR was Kady Brownell, who served in the Union Army with her husband Robert, a private in the 1st Rhode Island Infantry at the First Battle of Bull Run in Virginia and with the 5th Rhode Island Infantry at the Battle of New Berne in North Carolina. Kady was admitted as a member in 1870 to Elias Howe Jr. Post #3, in Bridgeport, Connecticut. The GAR insignia is engraved on her gravestone in the North Burial Ground in Providence, Rhode Island.

In 1897 the GAR admitted Sarah Emma Edmonds, who served in the 2nd Michigan Infantry as a disguised man named Franklin Thompson from May 1861 until April 1863. In 1882, she collected affidavits from former comrades in an effort to petition for a veteran's pension which she received in July 1884. Edmonds was only a member for a brief period as she died September 5, 1898; however she was given a funeral with military honors when she was reburied in Houston in 1901.

It is possible that other women were members of the GAR, as well.

Later years
The GAR reached its largest enrollment in 1890, with 410,000 members. It held an annual "National Encampment" every year from 1866 to 1949. Interesting anecdotes from the war were told around the many campfires at these reunions and compiled in a book of campfire "chats", including descriptions of the festivities at the 1884–1886 encampments in Minneapolis, Portland, Maine and San Francisco. At the final encampment in Indianapolis, Indiana, in 1949, the few surviving attendees voted to retain the existing officers in place until the organization's dissolution. Theodore Penland of Oregon, the GAR's Commander at the time, was therefore its last. At the time of the last national encampment, 16 members were still living and six were able to attend, including James Hard, the last combat veteran, who had fought at First Bull Run, Antietam, and Chancellorsville. In 1956, after the death of the last member, Albert Woolson, the GAR was formally dissolved.

Memorials, honors and commemorations
There are physical memorials to the Grand Army of the Republic in numerous communities throughout the United States.

U.S. Route 6 is known as the Grand Army of the Republic Highway for its entire length.

The Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps began during the conflict by both sides. In 1948, the Grand Army of the Republic was commemorated on a stamp. In 1951, the U.S. Postal Service printed a virtually identical stamp for the final reunion of the United Confederate Veterans.

State posts
Every state (even those of the former Confederacy) fell within a GAR "Department," and within these Departments were the "Posts" (forerunners of modern American Legion Halls or VFW Halls). The posts were made up of local veterans, many of whom participated in local civic events. As the posts were formed, they were assigned to the home Department of the National Commander-in-chief of the year that they were chartered. There was no GAR post in London, but there was a Civil War Veterans Association Group that had many GAR members belonging to it.

As Civil War veterans died or were no longer able to participate in GAR activities, posts consolidated or were disbanded. Posts were assigned a sequential number based on their admission into the state's GAR organization, and most posts held informal names which honored comrades, battles, or commanders; it was not uncommon to have more than one post in a state honoring the same individual (such as Abraham Lincoln) and posts often changed their informal designation by vote of the local membership. See:
 * List of Grand Army of the Republic posts in Kansas
 * List of Grand Army of the Republic posts in Kentucky

In popular culture
John Steinbeck's East of Eden features several references to the Grand Army of the Republic. Despite having very little actual battle experience during his brief military career, cut short by the loss of his leg, Adam Trask's father Cyrus joins the GAR and assumes the stature of "a great man" through his involvement with the organization. At the height of the GAR's influence in Washington, he brags to his son:

"I wonder if you know how much influence I really have. I can throw the Grand Army at any candidate like a sock. Even the President likes to know what I think about public matters. I can get senators defeated and I can pick appointments like apples. I can make men and I can destroy men. Do you know that?"

Later in the book, references are made to the graves of GAR members in California in order to emphasize the passage of time.

Sinclair Lewis also refers to the GAR in his acclaimed novel Main Street and in his novel It Can't Happen Here, as does Charles Portis's classic novel, True Grit, the GAR is briefly mentioned in William Faulkner's novel, The Sound and the Fury. and Willa Cather's short story "The Sculptor's Funeral" briefly references the GAR.

The GAR is mentioned in the seldom-sung second verse of the patriotic song "You're a Grand Old Flag".

The GAR is referenced in John McCrae's poem He Is There! which was set to music in 1917 by Charles Ives as part of his cycle Three Songs of the War.

In Ward Moore's 1953 alternate history novel Bring the Jubilee, the Confederates won the Civil War and became a major world power while the rump United States was reduced to an impoverished dependence. The Grand Army of the Republic is the name of a nationalistic organization working to restore the United States to its former glory through acts of sabotage and terrorism.

The name appears in the Star Wars prequel era. Star Wars: The Clone Wars refers to the clone army as "The Grand Army of the Republic".

Women's auxiliaries
The Woman's Relief Corps was founded in 1879 as a "secret" organization and recognized in 1883 as the "official women's auxiliary" to the GAR.

The Ladies of the Grand Army of the Republic was also a significant organization. It was founded by Lelia P. Roby. As a congressionally chartered non-profit organization, it is the oldest women's hereditary organization in the United States. The original objectives of the organization included promotion of patriotism and loyalty to the Union, and participation in community service, especially for the aid of our Veterans and their dependents."

As original Union veterans of the GAR, organized in 1866, grew old, many women's groups formed to aid them and their widows and orphans. The Loyal Ladies League was established in 1881 as an auxiliary to the GAR; in 1886 the organization went more national and changed its name to "The Ladies of the Grand Army of the Republic." It was incorporated by Public Law 86-47 [S.949] of the 86th Congress on June 17, 1959

In 1899, the president was Dr. Julia P. Shade of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Its president in 1922 was Mrs. Ethel M. Irish, of Fond du Lac, Wisconsin.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Grand Army of the Republic


text:
Talk:Cannabis edible

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Weed milk
You can make weed milk not unlike cannabutter where the cannabinoids get into the fatty emulsion VTNC (talk) 23:24, 30 September 2008 (UTC)
 * It would have to be very fatty milk, or cream Taintedstreetlight (talk) 04:53, 11 December 2012 (UTC)

Weed is good G flack tiger tone (talk) 10:29, 22 February 2016 (UTC)

a la peanut butter
It was common in Latvia to a paste similar to peanut butter as a spread, I assume from the buds. I have never heard of it being described as psychoactive, which appears to be the contention here regarding all food manifestations of cannabis. PetersV     TALK 04:41, 19 June 2009 (UTC)

 * I believe it's made of seeds, not buds. It was not psychoactive; the THC exists in only trace amounts in these seeds that typically grew in Baltic latitudes.  Just an oil-rich plant, not unlike rapeseed. Дигвурен ДигвуровичАллё? 13:45, 19 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Just circling back, yes, from the seeds, I misspoke. And you are correct, no psychoactive effect. P ЄTЄRS J V ►TALK 22:49, 25 March 2011 (UTC)

Effects of cooking in glass?
I removed the following sentence from the article after it was challenged by :
 * If cooked in a glass pan, the effectiveness of the THC is greatly reduced.

What source verifies the claim about cooking in glass reducing the effectiveness? —C.Fred (talk) 18:46, 21 November 2010 (UTC)

Can you eat raw marijuana?
Or does it have to be "heated"? 184.96.235.189 (talk) 21:56, 24 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Raw marijuana can be consumed, but the psychoactive effects experience would be small, unless eaten in large doses or decarboxylated ("heated") Taintedstreetlight (talk) 04:53, 11 December 2012 (UTC)

Move to Semi-protect
Persistent vandalism by non-notable, and if I can comment, extremely immature, users. Such articles are prone to immature vandalism due to the illicit nature of the subject. Taintedstreetlight (talk) 04:53, 11 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Padlock-dash2.svg Not done: requests for changes to the page protection level should be made at Requests for page protection. But from my expierence and the protection policy there is no where near enough vandalism on the page to warrant protection. Callanecc (talk • contribs • logs) 06:26, 11 December 2012 (UTC)

Overdose
significant amount of THC.. can also induce an overdose. In this case emergency doctors apply medicine with an antagonist CrisssCrosss (talk) 04:49, 2 January 2020 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 21:23, 18 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Cannabis Energy.jpg

Missing link to the article Majoun
Missing link to the article Majoun CrisssCrosss (talk) 13:23, 17 October 2020 (UTC)

 * I don't see majoun mentioned anywhere in the article. —C.Fred (talk) 15:08, 17 October 2020 (UTC)

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 * Cannabis edibles for sale in San Diego in April 2022.jpg

This article cites articles and studies that are considered controversial.
! 2A02:14F:175:6DB3:0:0:56D2:61F5 (talk) 16:41, 26 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cannabis edible


text:
The Wall Street Journal

The Wall Street Journal (WSJ), also referred to simply as the Journal, is an American newspaper based in New York City, with a focus on business and finance. It operates on a subscription model, requiring readers to pay for access to its articles and content. The Journal is published six days a week by Dow Jones & Company, a division of News Corp. The first issue was published on July 8, 1889.

The Wall Street Journal is the second-largest newspaper in the United States by circulation, with a print circulation of around 560,000 and 3 million digital subscribers as of 2023. WSJ publishes international editions in various regions around the world, including Europe and Asia. The editorial pages of the Journal are typically center-right in their positions,  while the newspaper itself maintains commitment to journalistic standards in its reporting. The newspaper has won 39 Pulitzer Prizes.

Founding and 19th century
The first products of Dow Jones & Company, the publisher of the Journal, were brief news bulletins, nicknamed flimsies, hand-delivered throughout the day to traders at the stock exchange in the early 1880s. They were later aggregated in a printed daily summary called the Customers' Afternoon Letter. Reporters Charles Dow, Edward Jones, and Charles Bergstresser converted this into The Wall Street Journal, which was published for the first time on July 8, 1889, and began delivery of the Dow Jones & Company News Service via telegraph.

In 1896, the Dow Jones Industrial Average was launched. It was the first of several indices of stock and bond prices on the New York Stock Exchange. In 1899, the Journal Review & Outlook column, which still runs today, appeared for the first time, initially written by Charles Dow.

20th century
Journalist Clarence Barron purchased control of the company for US$130,000 in 1902 ; circulation was then around 7,000 but climbed to 50,000 by the end of the 1920s. Barron and his predecessors were credited with creating an atmosphere of fearless, independent financial reporting—a novelty in the early days of business journalism. In 1921, Barron's, the United States's premier financial weekly, was founded. Barron died in 1928, a year before Black Tuesday, the stock market crash that greatly affected the Great Depression in the United States. Barron's descendants, the Bancroft family, would continue to control the company until 2007.

The Journal took its modern shape and prominence in the 1940s, a time of industrial expansion for the United States and its financial institutions in New York. Bernard Kilgore was named managing editor of the paper in 1941, and company CEO in 1945, eventually compiling a 25-year career as the head of the Journal. Kilgore was the architect of the paper's iconic front-page design, with its "What's News" digest, and its national distribution strategy, which brought the paper's circulation from 33,000 in 1941 to 1.1million when Kilgore died in 1967. Under Kilgore, in 1947, the paper won its first Pulitzer Prize for William Henry Grimes's editorials.

In 1967, Dow Jones Newswires began a major expansion outside of the United States ultimately placing its journalists in every major financial center in Europe, Asia, Latin America, Australia, and Africa. In 1970, Dow Jones bought the Ottaway newspaper chain, which at the time comprised nine dailies and three Sunday newspapers. Later, the name was changed to Dow Jones Local Media Group.

The period from 1971 to 1997 brought about a series of launches, acquisitions, and joint ventures, including "Factiva", The Wall Street Journal Asia, The Wall Street Journal Europe, the WSJ.com website, Dow Jones Indexes, MarketWatch, and "WSJ Weekend Edition". In 2007, News Corp. acquired Dow Jones. WSJ., a luxury lifestyle magazine, was launched in 2008.

A complement to the print newspaper, The Wall Street Journal Online, was launched in 1996 and has allowed access only by subscription from the beginning. A weekly (later daily) crossword edited by Mike Shenk was introduced in 1998.

21st century
In 2003, Dow Jones began to integrate reporting of the Journal print and online subscribers together in Audit Bureau of Circulations statements. In 2007, it was commonly believed to be the largest paid-subscription news site on the Web, with 980,000 paid subscribers. Since then, digital subscription has risen to 1.3 million as of September 2018, falling to number two behind The New York Times with 3 million digital subscriptions. In May 2008, an annual subscription to the digital edition of The Wall Street Journal cost $119 for those who do not have subscriptions to the print edition. By June 2013, the monthly cost for a subscription to the online edition was $22.99, or $275.88 annually, excluding introductory offers. Digital subscription rates increased dramatically to $443.88 per year as its popularity increased over print, with first-time subscribers paying $187.20 per year.

On November 30, 2004, Oasys Mobile and The Wall Street Journal released an app that would allow users to access content from The Wall Street Journal Online via their mobile phones.

In September 2005, the Journal launched a weekend edition, delivered to all subscribers, which marked a return to Saturday publication after a lapse of some 50 years. The move was designed in part to attract more consumer advertising.

In 2005, the Journal reported a readership profile of about 60 percent top management, an average income of $191,000, an average household net worth of $2.1million, and an average age of 55.

In 2007, the Journal launched a worldwide expansion of its website to include major foreign-language editions. The paper had also shown an interest in buying the rival Financial Times.

Design changes
The nameplate is unique in having a period at the end.

Front-page advertising in the Journal was re-introduced on September 5, 2006. This followed similar introductions in the European and Asian editions in late 2005.

After presenting nearly identical front-page layouts for half a century – always six columns, with the day's top stories in the first and sixth columns, "What's News" digest in the second and third, the "A-hed" feature story in the fourth (with 'hed' being jargon for headline) and themed weekly reports in the fifth column  –  the paper in 2007 decreased its broadsheet width from 15 to 12inches while keeping the length at 22$3/4$inches, to save newsprint costs. News design consultant Mario Garcia collaborated on the changes. Dow Jones said it would save US$18million a year in newsprint costs across all The Wall Street Journal papers. This move eliminated one column of print, pushing the "A-hed" out of its traditional location (though the paper now usually includes a quirky feature story on the right side of the front page, sandwiched among the lead stories).

The paper uses ink dot drawings called hedcuts, introduced in 1979 and originally created by Kevin Sprouls, in addition to photographs, a method of illustration considered a consistent visual signature of the paper. the Journal still heavily employs the use of caricatures, including those by illustrator Ken Fallin, such as when Peggy Noonan memorialized then-recently deceased newsman Tim Russert. The use of color photographs and graphics has become increasingly common in recent years with the addition of more "lifestyle" sections.

The daily was awarded by the Society for News Design World's Best Designed Newspaper award for 1994 and 1997.

News Corporation and News Corp
On May 2, 2007, News Corporation made an unsolicited takeover bid for Dow Jones, offering US$60 a share for stock that had been selling for US$33 a share. The Bancroft family, which controlled more than 60% of the voting stock, at first rejected the offer, but later reconsidered its position.

Three months later, on August 1, 2007, News Corporation and Dow Jones entered into a definitive merger agreement. The US$5billion sale added The Wall Street Journal to Rupert Murdoch's news empire, which already included Fox News Channel, Fox Business Network, London's The Times, the New York Post, and the Fox flagship station WNYW (Channel 5) and MyNetworkTV flagship WWOR (Channel 9).

On December 13, 2007, shareholders representing more than 60 percent of Dow Jones's voting stock approved the company's acquisition by News Corporation.

In an editorial page column, publisher L. Gordon Crovitz said the Bancrofts and News Corporation had agreed that the Journal's news and opinion sections would preserve their editorial independence from their new corporate parent.

A special committee was established to oversee the paper's editorial integrity. When the managing editor Marcus Brauchli resigned on April 22, 2008, the committee said that News Corporation had violated its agreement by not notifying the committee earlier. However, Brauchli said he believed that new owners should appoint their own editor.

A 2007 Journal article quoted charges that Murdoch had made and broken similar promises in the past. One large shareholder commented that Murdoch has long "expressed his personal, political and business biases through his newspapers and television stations". Former Times assistant editor Fred Emery remembers an incident when "Mr. Murdoch called him into his office in March 1982 and said he was considering firing Times editor Harold Evans. Mr. Emery says he reminded Mr. Murdoch of his promise that editors couldn't be fired without the independent directors' approval. 'God, you don't take all that seriously, do you?' Mr. Murdoch answered, according to Mr. Emery." Murdoch eventually forced out Evans.

In 2011, The Guardian found evidence that the Journal had artificially inflated its European sales numbers, by paying Executive Learning Partnership for purchasing 16% of European sales. These inflated sales numbers then enabled the Journal to charge similarly inflated advertising rates, as the advertisers would think that they reached more readers than they actually did. In addition, the Journal agreed to run "articles" featuring Executive Learning Partnership, presented as news, but effectively advertising. The case came to light after a Belgian Wall Street Journal employee, Gert Van Mol, informed Dow Jones CEO Les Hinton about the questionable practice. As a result, the then Wall Street Journal Europe CEO and Publisher Andrew Langhoff was fired after it was found out he personally pressured journalists into covering one of the newspaper's business partners involved in the issue. Since September 2011, all the online articles that resulted from the ethical wrongdoing carry a Wall Street Journal disclaimer informing the readers about the circumstances in which they were created.

The Journal, along with its parent Dow Jones & Company, was among the businesses News Corporation spun off in 2013 as the new News Corp.

In November 2016, in an effort to cut costs, the Journal editor-in-chief, Gerard Baker, announced layoffs of staff and consolidation of its print sections. The new "Business & Finance" section combined the former "Business & Tech" and "Money & Investing" sections. The new "Life & Arts" section took the place of "Personal Journal" and "Arena". In addition, the Journal "Greater New York" coverage was reduced and moved to the main section of paper. The section was shuttered on July 9, 2021.

In an October 2018 Simmons Research survey of 38 news organizations, The Wall Street Journal was ranked the most trusted news organization by Americans. Joshua Benton of the Nieman Journalism Lab at Harvard University wrote that the paper's "combination of respected news pages and conservative editorial pages seem to be a magic formula for generating trust across the ideological spectrum."

The Personal Journal section branding was brought back in July 2020.

From 2019 through 2022, the Journal partnered with Facebook to provide content for the social-media site's "News Tab". Facebook paid the Journal in excess of $10 million during that period, terminating the relationship as part of a broader shift away from news content.

On June 13, 2022, the Journal launched a product review website called Buy Side. The website remains free and has a distinct team from the Journal newsroom.

In February 2024, the Journal laid off about 20 employees, primarily economics reporters based in Washington, D.C. Moving forward, those beats will be covered by the newspaper's New York-based business team. The next month the paper laid off another five people from its standards and ethics team. In April, the paper laid off at least 11 people from its video and social media desks. In May, the Journal cut six editorial staff positions from its Hong Kong bureau and another two reporter jobs in Singapore. Moving forward the paper will shift its focus in the region from Hong Kong to Singapore with new the creation of several new jobs at that bureau. More staff were laid off a few weeks later amid further restructuring, including at least eight reporters.

Recent milestones

 * WSJ Noted., a monthly digital magazine, launches on June 30, 2020, in a bid to attract younger readers.
 * Reaches 3 million subscribers in May 2020
 * WSJ Live became available on mobile devices in September 2011.
 * WSJ Weekend, the weekend newspaper, expanded September 2010, with two new sections: "Off Duty" and "Review".
 * "Greater New York", a stand-alone, full-color section dedicated to the New York metro area, ran from April 2010 until July 2021.
 * The Wall Street Journal San Francisco Bay Area Edition, which focuses on local news and events, launched on November 5, 2009, appearing locally each Thursday in the print Journal and every day online at WSJ.com/SF.
 * WSJ Weekend, formerly called Saturday's Weekend Edition: September 2005.
 * Launch of Today's Journal, which included both the addition of Personal Journal and color capacity to the Journal: April 2002.
 * Launch of The Wall Street Journal Sunday: September 12, 1999. A four-page print supplement of original investing news, market reports and personal-finance advice that ran in the business sections of other U.S. newspapers. WSJ Sunday circulation peaked in 2005 with 84 newspapers reaching nearly 11 million homes. The publication ceased on February 7, 2015.
 * Friday Journal, formerly called First Weekend Journal: March 20, 1998.
 * WSJ.com launched in April 1996.
 * First three-section Journal: October 1988.
 * First two-section Journal: June 1980.

Features and operations
Since 1980, the Journal has been published in multiple sections. At one time, the Journal page count averaged as many as 96 pages an issue, but with the industry-wide decline in advertising, the Journal in 2009–10 more typically published about 50 to 60 pages per issue.

, The Wall Street Journal had a global news staff of around 2,000 journalists in 85 news bureaus across 51 countries. , it had 26 printing plants. Its Asia headquarters is in Hong Kong, but will move to Singapore after it stated it would do so in 2024.

Regularly scheduled sections are:

 * Section One: Every day; corporate news, as well as political and economic reporting and the opinion pages
 * Marketplace: Monday through Friday; coverage of health, technology, media, and marketing industries (the second section was launched June 23, 1980)
 * Money and Investing: Every day; covers and analyzes international financial markets (the third section was launched October 3, 1988)
 * Personal Journal: Published Tuesday through Thursday; covers personal investments, careers and cultural pursuits (the section was introduced April 9, 2002)
 * Off Duty: Published Saturdays in WSJ Weekend; focuses on fashion, food, design, travel and gear/tech. The section was launched September 25, 2010.
 * Review: Published Saturdays in WSJ Weekend; focuses on essays, commentary, reviews and ideas. The section was launched September 25, 2010.
 * Mansion: Published Fridays, focuses on high-end real estate. The section was launched October 5, 2012.
 * WSJ Magazine: Launched in 2008 as a quarterly, this luxury magazine supplement distributed within the U.S., European and Asian editions of The Wall Street Journal grew to 12 issues per year in 2014.

In addition, several columnists contribute regular features to the Journal opinion page:
 * Mondays: Americas by Mary O'Grady
 * Wednesdays: Business World by Holman W. Jenkins Jr.
 * Thursdays: Wonder Land by Daniel Henninger
 * Fridays: Potomac Watch by Kimberley Strassel
 * Weekend Edition: Rule of Law, The Weekend Interview (variety of authors), Declarations by Peggy Noonan

In addition to editorials and columns from the printed newspaper, wsj.com carries two daily web-only opinion columns:
 * Best of the Web Today by James Taranto, the editor of the former OpinionJournal.com website (no subscription required).
 * Political Diary edited by Holman W. Jenkins Jr. and featuring John Fund (separate subscription required).

In addition to these regular opinion pieces, on Fridays the Journal publishes a religion-themed op-ed, titled "Houses of Worship", written by a different author each week. Authors range from the Dalai Lama to cardinals.

WSJ.
WSJ. is The Wall Street Journal's luxury lifestyle magazine. Its coverage spans art, fashion, entertainment, design, food, architecture, travel and more. Sarah Ball is Editor in Chief and Omblyne Pelier is Publisher.

Launched as a quarterly in 2008, the magazine grew to 12 issues a year for 2014. The magazine is inserted into the weekend U.S. edition of The Wall Street Journal and is available on WSJ.com and in the newspaper's iPad app.

Penélope Cruz, Carmelo Anthony, Woody Allen, Scarlett Johansson, Emilia Clarke, Daft Punk, and Gisele Bündchen have all been featured on the cover.

In 2012, the magazine launched its Innovator Awards program. An extension of the November Innovators issue, the awards ceremony, held in New York City at Museum of Modern Art, honors visionaries across the fields of design, fashion, architecture, humanitarianism, art and technology.

In 2013, Adweek named WSJ. the "Hottest Lifestyle Magazine of the Year" in its annual Hot List.

OpinionJournal.com
OpinionJournal.com was a website featuring content from the editorial pages of The Wall Street Journal. It existed separately from the news content at wsj.com until January 2008, when it was merged into the main website. The editorials (titled "Review & Outlook") reflected The Journal's conservative political editorial line, as did its regular columnists, who included Peggy Noonan, John Fund, and Daniel Henninger.

WSJ Noted.
On June 30, 2020, the Journal launched WSJ Noted., a monthly digital "news and culture" magazine for subscribers aged 18–34 in a bid to attract a younger audience to the Journal. The magazine has a group of some 7,000 young adults who are invited to preview content, provide feedback, and join Q&As with Noted staff.

Editorial board
The Wall Street Journal editorial board members oversee the Journal 's editorial page, dictating the tone and direction of the newspaper's opinion section. The Wall Street Journal does not provide details on the exact duties of board members.

Every Saturday and Sunday, three editorial page writers and host Paul Gigot, editor of the editorial page, appear on Fox News Channel's Journal Editorial Report, where they discuss current issues with a variety of guests. As editors of the editorial page, Vermont C. Royster (served 1958–1971) and Robert Bartley (served 1972–2000) provided a conservative interpretation of the news on a daily basis.

Contrasts have been noted between the Journal 's news reporting and its editorial pages. "While Journal reporters keep busy informing readers," wrote one reporter in 1982, "Journal editorial writers put forth views that often contradict the paper's best reporting and news analysis." Two summaries published in 1995 by the progressive blog Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting, and in 1996 by the Columbia Journalism Review criticized the Journal editorial page for inaccuracy during the 1980s and 1990s. One reference work in 2011 described the editorial pages as "rigidly neoconservative" while noting that the news coverage "has enjoyed a sterling reputation among readers of all political stripes".

In July 2020, more than 280 Journal journalists and Dow Jones staff members wrote a letter to new publisher Almar Latour to criticize the opinion pages' "lack of fact-checking and transparency, and its apparent disregard for evidence", adding that "opinion articles often make assertions that are contradicted by WSJ reporting." The editorial board responded that its opinion pages "won't wilt under cancel-culture pressure" and that the objective of the editorial content is to be independent of the Journal's news content and offer alternative views to "the uniform progressive views that dominate nearly all of today's media." The board's response did not address issues regarding fact-checking that had been raised in the letter.

Economic
During the Reagan administration, the newspaper's editorial page was particularly influential as the leading voice for supply-side economics. Under the editorship of Robert Bartley, it expounded at length on economic concepts such as the Laffer curve, and how a decrease in certain marginal tax rates and the capital gains tax could allegedly increase overall tax revenue by generating more economic activity.

In the economic argument of exchange rate regimes (one of the most divisive issues among economists), the Journal has a tendency to support fixed exchange rates over floating exchange rates.

Political
The Journal editorial pages and columns, run separately from the news pages, have a conservative bent and are highly influential in establishment conservative circles. Despite this, the Journal refrains from endorsing candidates and has not endorsed a candidate since 1928.

The editorial board has long argued for a pro-business immigration policy.

The Journal editorial page was seen as critical of many aspects of Barack Obama's presidency. In particular, it has been a prominent critic of the Affordable Care Act legislation passed in 2010, and has featured many opinion columns attacking various aspects of the bill. The Journal editorial page has also criticized the Obama administration's energy policies and foreign policy.

On October 25, 2017, the editorial board called for Special Counsel Robert Mueller to resign from the investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections and accused Hillary Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign of colluding with Russia. In December 2017, the editorial board repeated its calls for Mueller's resignation. The editorials by the editorial board caused fractures within The Wall Street Journal, as reporters say that the editorials undermine the paper's credibility.

In October 2021, the Journal published a letter from former President Donald Trump in the Letters to the Editor section of the editorial pages. Other news sources described the contents of the letter as false and debunked claims about the 2020 presidential election. The next day, the editorial board published their own critique of Trump's letter.

Scientific
The Journal editorial pages were described as a "forum for climate change denial" in 2011 due to columns that attacked climate scientists and accused them of engaging in fraud. Multiple sources:
 * Karen Akerlof et al.: Communication of climate projections in US media amid politicization of model science. Nature Climate Change 2, 2012, 648–654.
 * Shaun W. Elsasser, Riley E. Dunlap: Leading Voices in the Denier Choir: Conservative Columnists' Dismissal of Global Warming and Denigration of Climate Science. American Behavioral Scientist 57, No. 6, 2013, 754–776, "... and clearly  Fox, leading  conservative newspapers such as the WSJ ... provide powerful provide powerful fora for the promotion of climate change denial."
 * A 2011 study found that the Journal was alone among major American print news media in how, mainly in its editorial pages, it adopted a false balance that overplayed the uncertainty in climate science or denied anthropogenic climate change altogether. That year, the Associated Press described the Journal ' s editorial pages as "a place friendly to climate change skeptics". In 2013, the editorial board and other opinion writers vocally criticized President Obama's plan to address climate change, mostly without mentioning climate science. A 2015 study found The Wall Street Journal was the newspaper that was least likely to present negative effects of global warming among several newspapers. It was also the most likely to present negative economic framing when discussing climate change mitigation policies, tending to take the stance that the cost of such policies generally outweighs their benefit.
 * Karen Akerlof et al.: Communication of climate projections in US media amid politicization of model science. Nature Climate Change 2, 2012, 648–654.
 * Shaun W. Elsasser, Riley E. Dunlap: Leading Voices in the Denier Choir: Conservative Columnists' Dismissal of Global Warming and Denigration of Climate Science. American Behavioral Scientist 57, No. 6, 2013, 754–776, "... and clearly  Fox, leading  conservative newspapers such as the WSJ ... provide powerful provide powerful fora for the promotion of climate change denial."
 * A 2011 study found that the Journal was alone among major American print news media in how, mainly in its editorial pages, it adopted a false balance that overplayed the uncertainty in climate science or denied anthropogenic climate change altogether. That year, the Associated Press described the Journal ' s editorial pages as "a place friendly to climate change skeptics". In 2013, the editorial board and other opinion writers vocally criticized President Obama's plan to address climate change, mostly without mentioning climate science. A 2015 study found The Wall Street Journal was the newspaper that was least likely to present negative effects of global warming among several newspapers. It was also the most likely to present negative economic framing when discussing climate change mitigation policies, tending to take the stance that the cost of such policies generally outweighs their benefit.
 * Shaun W. Elsasser, Riley E. Dunlap: Leading Voices in the Denier Choir: Conservative Columnists' Dismissal of Global Warming and Denigration of Climate Science. American Behavioral Scientist 57, No. 6, 2013, 754–776, "... and clearly  Fox, leading  conservative newspapers such as the WSJ ... provide powerful provide powerful fora for the promotion of climate change denial."
 * A 2011 study found that the Journal was alone among major American print news media in how, mainly in its editorial pages, it adopted a false balance that overplayed the uncertainty in climate science or denied anthropogenic climate change altogether. That year, the Associated Press described the Journal ' s editorial pages as "a place friendly to climate change skeptics". In 2013, the editorial board and other opinion writers vocally criticized President Obama's plan to address climate change, mostly without mentioning climate science. A 2015 study found The Wall Street Journal was the newspaper that was least likely to present negative effects of global warming among several newspapers. It was also the most likely to present negative economic framing when discussing climate change mitigation policies, tending to take the stance that the cost of such policies generally outweighs their benefit.
 * Shaun W. Elsasser, Riley E. Dunlap: Leading Voices in the Denier Choir: Conservative Columnists' Dismissal of Global Warming and Denigration of Climate Science. American Behavioral Scientist 57, No. 6, 2013, 754–776, "... and clearly  Fox, leading  conservative newspapers such as the WSJ ... provide powerful provide powerful fora for the promotion of climate change denial."
 * A 2011 study found that the Journal was alone among major American print news media in how, mainly in its editorial pages, it adopted a false balance that overplayed the uncertainty in climate science or denied anthropogenic climate change altogether. That year, the Associated Press described the Journal ' s editorial pages as "a place friendly to climate change skeptics". In 2013, the editorial board and other opinion writers vocally criticized President Obama's plan to address climate change, mostly without mentioning climate science. A 2015 study found The Wall Street Journal was the newspaper that was least likely to present negative effects of global warming among several newspapers. It was also the most likely to present negative economic framing when discussing climate change mitigation policies, tending to take the stance that the cost of such policies generally outweighs their benefit.

Climate Feedback, a fact-checking website on media coverage of climate science, determined that multiple opinion articles range between "low" and "very low" in terms of scientific credibility. The Partnership for Responsible Growth stated in 2016 that 14% of the guest editorials on climate change presented the results of "mainstream climate science", while the majority did not. The Partnership also determined that none of the 201 editorials concerning climate change that were published in The Wall Street Journal since 1997 conceded that the burning of fossil fuels is the main cause of climate change.

In the 1980s and 1990s, the Journal published numerous columns opposing and misrepresenting the scientific consensus on the harms of second-hand smoke,  acid rain, and ozone depletion, in addition to public policy efforts to curb pesticides and asbestos. The Journal later recognized that efforts to curb acid rain through cap-and-trade had been successful, a decade after the Clean Air Act Amendments.

Political views
Its reporting has been described as "small-c conservatism". Some of the Journal former reporters say that the paper has adopted a more conservative tone since Rupert Murdoch's purchase.

Pre-Murdoch ownership
The Journal's editors stress the independence and impartiality of their reporters. According to CNN in 2007, the Journal 's "newsroom staff has a reputation for non-partisan reporting." Ben Smith of the New York Times described the Journal 's news reporting as "small-c [conservative]", and noted that its readership leans further to the right than other major newspapers.

In a 2004 study, Tim Groseclose and Jeffrey Milyo argue the Journal news pages have a pro-liberal bias because they more often quote liberal think tanks. They calculated the ideological attitude of news reports in 20 media outlets by counting the frequency they cited particular think tanks and comparing that to the frequency that legislators cited the same think tanks. They found that the news reporting of the Journal was the most liberal (more liberal than NPR or The New York Times). The study did not factor in editorials. Mark Liberman criticized the model used to calculate bias in the study and argued that the model unequally affected liberals and conservatives and that "the model starts with a very peculiar assumption about the relationship between political opinion and the choice of authorities to cite." The authors assume that "think tank ideology ... only matters to liberals."

The company's planned and eventual acquisition by News Corp in 2007 led to significant media criticism and discussion about whether the news pages would exhibit a rightward slant under Rupert Murdoch. An August 1, 2007, editorial responded to the questions by asserting that Murdoch intended to "maintain the values and integrity of the Journal".

During Trump presidency
In 2016 and 2017, the Journal leadership under Baker came under fire from critics, both from the outside and from within the newsroom, who viewed the paper's coverage of President Donald Trump as too timid. Particularly controversial was the Journal's November 2016 front-page headline that repeated Trump's false claim that "millions of people" had voted illegally in the election, only noting that the statement was "without corroboration".

Also controversial was a January 2017 note from Baker to Journal editors, directing them to avoid using the phrase "seven majority-Muslim countries" when writing about Trump's executive order on travel and immigration; Baker later sent a follow-up note "clarifying that there was 'no ban on the phrase, "but that the publication should 'always be careful that this term is not offered as the only description of the countries covered under the ban.

At a town-hall-style meeting with Journal staff in February 2017, Baker defended the paper's coverage, saying that it was objective and protected the paper from being "dragged into the political process" through a dispute with the Trump administration.

A 2018 survey conducted by Gallup and the Knight Foundation found that The Wall Street Journal was considered the third most-accurate and fourth most-unbiased news organization among the general public, tenth among Democrats, and second among Republicans.

On February 19, 2020, China announced the revoking of the press credentials of three Wall Street Journal reporters based in Beijing. China accused the paper of failing to apologize for publishing articles that criticized China's efforts to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, and failing to investigate and punish those responsible.

In June 2020, following the murder of George Floyd and subsequent protests, journalists at the Journal sent a letter to editor in chief Matt Murray demanding changes to the way the paper covers race, policing and finance. The reporters stated that they "frequently meet resistance when trying to reflect the accounts and voices of workers, residents or customers, with some editors voicing heightened skepticism of those sources' credibility compared with executives, government officials or other entities".

Notable stories
The Journal has won 38 Pulitzer Prizes in its history. Staff journalists who led some of the newspaper's best-known coverage teams have later published books that summarized and extended their reporting.

1987: RJR Nabisco buyout
In 1987, a bidding war ensued between several financial firms for tobacco and food giant RJR Nabisco. Bryan Burrough and John Helyar documented the events in more than two dozen Journal articles. Burrough and Helyar later used these articles as the basis of a bestselling book, Barbarians at the Gate: The Fall of RJR Nabisco, which was turned into a film for HBO.

1988: Insider trading
In the 1980s, then-Journal reporter James B. Stewart brought national attention to the illegal practice of insider trading. He was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in explanatory journalism in 1988, which he shared with Daniel Hertzberg, who went on to serve as the paper's senior deputy managing editor before resigning in 2009. Stewart expanded on this theme in his 1991 book, Den of Thieves.

1997: AIDS treatment
David Sanford, a Page One features editor who was infected with HIV in 1982 in a bathhouse, wrote a front-page personal account of how, with the assistance of improved treatments for HIV, he went from planning his death to planning his retirement. He and six other reporters wrote about the new treatments, political and economic issues, and won the 1997 Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting about AIDS.

2000: Enron
Jonathan Weil, a reporter at the Dallas bureau of The Wall Street Journal, is credited with first breaking the story of financial abuses at Enron in September 2000. Rebecca Smith and John R. Emshwiller reported on the story regularly, and wrote a book, 24 Days. In October 2021, the Journal released Bad Bets, a podcast that recounted the papers reporting on Enron.

2001: 9/11
The Journal claims to have sent the first news report, on the Dow Jones wire, of a plane crashing into the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. Its headquarters, at One World Financial Center, was severely damaged by the collapse of the World Trade Center just across the street. Top editors worried that they might miss publishing the first issue for the first time in the paper's 112-year history. They relocated to a makeshift office at an editor's home, while sending most of the staff to Dow Jones's South Brunswick Township, New Jersey, corporate campus, where the paper had established emergency editorial facilities soon after the 1993 World Trade Center bombing. The paper was on the stands the next day, albeit in scaled-down form. Perhaps the most compelling story in that day's edition was a first-hand account of the Twin Towers' collapse written by then-Foreign Editor John Bussey, who holed up in a ninth-floor Journal office, literally in the shadow of the towers, from where he phoned in live reports to CNBC as the towers burned. He narrowly escaped serious injury when the first tower collapsed, shattering all the windows in the Journal offices and filling them with dust and debris. The Journal won a 2002 Pulitzer Prize in Breaking News Reporting for that day's stories.

The Journal subsequently conducted a worldwide investigation of the causes and significance of 9/11, using contacts it had developed while covering business in the Arab world. In Kabul, Afghanistan, a reporter from The Wall Street Journal bought a pair of looted computers that Al Qaeda leaders had used to plan assassinations, chemical and biological attacks, and mundane daily activities. The encrypted files were decrypted and translated. It was during this coverage that terrorists kidnapped and killed Journal reporter Daniel Pearl.

2007: Stock option scandal
In 2007, the paper won the Pulitzer Prize for Public Service, with its iconic gold medal, for exposing companies that illegally backdate stock options they awarded executives to increase their value.

2008: Bear Stearns fall
Kate Kelly wrote a three-part series that detailed events that led to the collapse of Bear Stearns.

2010: McDonald's health care
A report published on September 30, 2010, detailing allegations McDonald's had plans to drop health coverage for hourly employees drew criticism from McDonald's as well as the Obama administration. The Wall Street Journal reported the plan to drop coverage stemmed from new health care requirements under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. McDonald's called the report "speculative and misleading", stating they had no plans to drop coverage. The Wall Street Journal report and subsequent rebuttal received coverage from several other media outlets.

2015: Malaysia Prime Minister Najib Razak and 1MDB
In 2015, a report published by The Journal alleged that up to US$700 million was wired from 1MDB, a Malaysian state investment company, to the personal accounts of Malaysia Prime Minister Najib Razak at AmBank, the fifth largest lender in Malaysia. Razak responded by threatening to sue the New York-based newspaper. The Journal's reporting on the 1MDB scandal was a finalist for the 2016 Pulitzer Prize in international reporting.

The report prompted some governmental agencies in Malaysia to conduct an investigation into the allegation. On July 28, 2020, Najib Razak was found guilty on seven charges in the 1MDB scandal. He was sentenced to 12 years in prison.

2015–present: Theranos investigation
In 2015, a report written by the Journal John Carreyrou alleged that blood testing company Theranos' technology was faulty and founder Elizabeth Holmes was misleading investors. According to Vanity Fair, "a damning report published in The Wall Street Journal had alleged that the company was, in effect, a sham—that its vaunted core technology was actually faulty and that Theranos administered almost all of its blood tests using competitors' equipment." The Journal has subsequently published several more reports questioning Theranos' and Holmes' credibility. In May 2018, Carreyrou released a book about Theranos, Bad Blood, which met with critical success (and was compared to Stewart's Den of Thieves ). The following month, the U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of California announced the indictment of Holmes on wire fraud and conspiracy charges in relation to her role as CEO of Theranos. Holmes was found guilty on four of the eleven original charges in January 2022.

Rupert Murdoch—at the time a major investor in Theranos and owner of the Journal—lost approximately $100 million in his investments in Theranos.

2018–present: Investigation into Stormy Daniels payment
On January 12, 2018, Michael Rothfeld and Joe Palazzolo reported in The Wall Street Journal that during the 2016 presidential campaign, then-candidate Donald Trump's personal lawyer, Michael Cohen coordinated a $130,000 payment to Stormy Daniels for her silence regarding an alleged affair. In subsequent reports, the method of payment and many other details were extensively covered. In April of that year, FBI agents stormed Cohen's home, seizing records related to the transaction. On August 21, 2018, Cohen pleaded guilty to eight counts including campaign finance violations in connection with the Daniels payment. The coverage earned the Journal the 2019 Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting.

title: The Wall Street Journal


text:
User:Basho

aka David Sky - my screen name is based on the Japanese poet Basho.

Although I'm a technical writer during the day (currently at IBM in Toronto, Canada) I've only added two topics to Wikipedia: Mostly I've added pictures, including (most recent at the bottom):
 * Mono Cliffs Provincial Park
 * Mapstraction and corresponding

 * [[Media:Toronto-Canada-skyline-day.jpg |Picture of the Toronto skyline during the day]] (Details)
 * [[Media:Toronto-Canada-skyline-night.jpg |Picture of the Toronto skyline at night]] (Details)
 * [[Media:Chicago-Illinois-U.S.-skyline-day.jpg|Picture of the Chicago skyline during the day]] (Details)
 * [[Media:Chicago-Illinois-USA-skyline-fog.jpg|Picture of the Chicago skyline in the fog]] (Details)
 * [[Media:Yuelu-Academy-Hunan-pond.jpg|Pond at the Yuelu Academy, Hunan, China ]] (Details)
 * [[Media:Yuelu-Academy-Hunan-roofs.jpg|Roofs at the Yuelu Academy, Hunan, China ]] (Details)
 * [[Media:Yuelu-Academy-Hunan-sign.jpg|Sign at the Yuelu Academy, Hunan, China ]] (Details)
 * [[Media:Niagara-river-glen.jpg|View of the Niagara River]] (Details)
 * [[Media:Niagara-Escarpment-Rattlesnake.jpg|Rattlesnake Point along the Niagara Escarpment]] (Details)
 * [[Media:Bruce-Trail-bmountain.jpg|View from the Niagara Escarpment along the Bruce Trail]] (Details)
 * [[Media:Bruce-Trail-quarry.jpg|A quarry along the Bruce Trail]] (Details)
 * [[Media:Red-packet-hong-bao.jpg|A Chinese Red packet or Hong Bao]] (Details)
 * [[Media:Barn-southern-ontario.jpg|An example of a Barn (in Southern Ontario)]] (Details)
 * [[Media:Uk-london-bigben-tower.jpg|Big Ben, or the clock tower of the Palace of Westminster in London ]] (Details)
 * [[Media:Canada-ns-peggys-cove.jpg|Peggy's Cove, Nova Scotia, Canada]] (Details)

Feel free to send me e-mail at: david at seems artless dot com

and check out my daily picture blog at: http://www.seemsartless.com

title: User:Basho