text:
Talk:Lee Remick

Renal Cancer
She died of renal cancer: she didn't have liver cancer, she had kidney cancer that metastasized to her liver. -- Someone else 00:20 Feb 12, 2003 (UTC)

 * This correction seems to be valid, but needs a more authoritative source either way. I've removed the mention of "liver cancer" from the article for now since only WP seems to make that claim. Sources not quoting WP don't seem to mention "liver cancer." The year before her death, the LA Times, in an article titled Lee Remick Victor Over Cancer reported as follows:

 * Other articles corroborate:

 * Some articles implicate smoking and lung cancer as the initial incidence, but I can't find a reliable source for this in a quick web search. Overall, a better source is needed. David Spector (user/talk) 21:16, 23 February 2013 (UTC)

Hefner song
I can't believe no one has mentioned the Hefner song entitled "Lee Remick."

Here are the lyrics. Discuss?

Lee Remick

I think it was in ’83 my father left the family, But came back three weeks later for a love both firm and stable. I think it was in ’91 that Lee Remick died…… The sibling rivalry between my sister and me turned into the strongest branch of our family tree. When I was young I dreamt of Lee Remick, She had a ring upon each finger, she was smiling all the while. Her hair was just long enough so it bounced upon her shoulders, She said she always spoke the truth. My Father let me down but I so easily forgave him, And I know the home wrecker has a place within his heart. I used to blame my mother for each and every failure, And how Lee Remick’s eyes sparkled that brilliant blue. He looked just like a Jonathon but he said his name was Ashley, He was my best friend till he drank so much his heart sank And all my pretty friends who just grew up and failed and what if I fail? What if I’ve failed already? Those filthy little angels tugging at my heart saying ‘boredom is a sin, ambition should be everything’

http://www.hefnet.com/boxing.htm

it is a gorgeous song, please listen... —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 67.36.189.215 (talk) 08:00, 26 March 2007 (UTC).

'Wait Until Dark' performance
I had just gotten out of the Marines in 1966, and still qualified to get orchestra seats on Broadway to see Wait Until Dark from the USO. I was lucky to see the gripping performance of a beautiful woman. I mused, I would never forget those eyes; and I have not. Her performance on stage was superior to the movie rendition. Myron Rosenberg, Myron Rosenberg Gallery, Anchorage, 2009 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.61.119.175 (talk) 17:05, 20 February 2009 (UTC)

I seem to remember that Lee Remick played in a made-for-television movie entitled The Last Summer co-starring with Hal Holbrook and a young Martin Sheen. The story line is of a same-sex couple one of whom is a divorcee (Hal Holbrook)whose young son comes and visits his father every summer. The boy runs away when, the last summer, he realizes that his father's roommate is a man (Martin Sheen). It was a very subtle and beautiful film-- made well before its time-- of which I find no trace anywhere! Can anyone help? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.239.182.157 (talk) 18:57, 8 February 2014 (UTC)

I seem to remember that Lee Remick played in a made-for-television film entitled The Last Summer along with Hal Holbrook and a younger Martin Sheen. It is a very subtle and beautiful film about a same sex couple one of whom (Holbrook) is a divorcee. His son comes and visits his father every summer until the "last one" when he runs away after realizing that his father's roommate is another man (Sheen). The father has to call his ex-wife and the boy's mother (Lee Remick)to help find their son and take him home. I cannot find the movie listed anywhere...Maybe I got the title wrong? Can somebody help? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Vtpj (talk • contribs) 19:09, 8 February 2014 (UTC)

That movie is "That Certain Summer," and the mother was played by Hope Lange. Lee Remick was not in the cast. Rich (talk) 22:13, 17 July 2015 (UTC)

Picture
Suggest you have a look at her picture in the german Wikipedia. It shows a very nice person ... as should be, considering her fate. The image here doesn't do her credit. Might want to use the other one or show both. If in doubt have a look at her in "Telephone" where she co-stars with Charles Bronson. Just my personal opinion of course. JB --92.195.134.88 (talk) 00:59, 15 June 2014 (UTC)

File:Lee Ann Remick, London, 1974.jpg to appear as POTD soon
Hello! This is a note to let the editors of this article know that File:Lee Ann Remick, London, 1974.jpg will be appearing as picture of the day on December 14, 2015. You can view and edit the POTD blurb at Template:POTD/2015-12-14. If this article needs any attention or maintenance, it would be preferable if that could be done before its appearance on the Main Page. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 00:03, 26 November 2015 (UTC)

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Assessment comment
Substituted at 21:47, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

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The Omen
“The film was both a critical and commercial success and was regarded as one of the best horror films ever made.”

No supporting references. Mkrobb (talk) 08:41, 26 August 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lee Remick


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User talk:RussellBlatcher

I'm from Manchester (North of England, centre of the known world), Manchester United season ticket holder, dubious programmer and music fan.

Welcome to Wikipedia! If you want to add information about yourself, you should use the User:RussellBlatcher page. The User Talk page is generally for people to talk with you or discuss articles you've worked on.
 * Goatasaur 01:10 Feb 12, 2003 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:RussellBlatcher


text:
Braunston

Braunston is a village and civil parish in the West Northamptonshire unitary authority area of Northamptonshire, England, next to the border with Warwickshire. At the 2011 Census, the parish had a population of 1,759. Braunston is situated just off the A45 main road and lies between the towns of Daventry and Rugby. Braunston is categorised by the Office for National Statistics as Suburbs and Small Towns: Suburbs There are 776 households in the village.

Braunston is a hilltop village, most famous for its canal junction between the Oxford Canal and the Grand Union Canal, and associated marina.

Description
The villages name means 'Brant's farm/settlement'. The main village of Braunston is situated on a hill above the road and the canals, and formerly had a windmill, the building of which still stands but without any sails. The village contains several pubs (The Boathouse, The Admiral Nelson, The Plough, and The Wheatsheaf), a selection of shops - excellent butchers, hairdressers and village stores incorporating the post office, a fish and chip shop, car servicing garage and a primary school. The Braunston Manor Hotel has now closed with the main house reverting to residential use and the outhouse buildings redeveloped for a housing development. In 1374, the manor itself was the subject of one of a number of property disputes involving the landowning Corbet family.

Braunston's main claims to fame are its canal and church.

Church
All Saints' Church Braunston has overlooked the village and the villagers for over 10 centuries and the canals and the boat people for over 300 years.

Otherwise known as the "Cathedral of the Canals", it has existed since the early 13th century. However, the land on which is stands has been sacred for longer still, as it was used as an ancient tumulus for the local farmsteads as early as the 10th century, although little evidence to this time is available. Although the original Norman structure was nearly demolished when the site was polluted by several murders in 1290, the church was later rebuilt in the 14th century. The second incarnation of the church served the area for over 400 years, until the site was demolished, with authority from Rev. Alfred Butler Clough in 1848, due to dilapidation of the structure.

The third incarnation of the church cost £6,800, money raised primarily through donations and aided by grants from the Church Building Society and the Peterborough Diocesan Society. Notable contributors to the funds also include Her Majesty the Queen Dowager and the Oxford Canal Company.

In outline the new church was similar to its mediaeval predecessor in having no north chancel. The body of the church was made wider to provide accommodation for the enlarged population which had followed the coming of the canals. The new church had the number of seats increased from 363 to 732. Despite the overwhelming impression of space and light the interior design of the church was rather austere. The biggest change made was in the appearance of the chancel itself which was transformed by redecoration. This was the work of the leading High Church designer, William Butterfield, architect of Rugby School.

Today the church still provides regular services to the area, and often allows visitors to tour the ancient grounds, on non-service days. Several relics have been kept by the church since its original incarnation, such as:

 * A sculpture, almost certainly in memory of William, Fourth Baron Ros, who died on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land in 1352. The De Ros family held the Braunston Manor from 1200 to 1508.
 * The Church Chest, which once housed the Parish Records dating from 1538 and now deposited in the County Records Office in Northampton.
 * The Norman Font, the only remaining part of the first church on the site.
 * The Piscina, a stone basin used for draining water used in the Mass pre-Reformation.
 * The Head of the Churchyard Cross, possibly fourteenth century which has on the four sides the remains of carvings of the Crucifixion, the Madonna and Child, a robed ecclesiastic and a warrior.

Canals
The canal alongside Braunston is a junction between the Oxford Canal and the Grand Union Canal, which was once an important part of the national transport system. Many former boating families have links to Braunston, the churchyard in the village having many graves of boatmen and women.

The village thrived for over 150 years on the canal trade - carrying goods from the Midlands to London. Now it is a centre for leisure activities and boasts by far and away the busiest stretch of canal anywhere in the country.

The unique triangular junction between the two canals has two bridges made at Horseley Ironworks carrying the towpath over the canal. This was not the original meeting point of the Grand Junction and Oxford Canals: the junction was moved in the course of improvements to the Oxford Canal in the 1830s, prior to which the junction was near where the marina is today, and where a third Horseley Ironworks bridge can be seen.

The canals are no longer used for carrying freight, but are now used mostly by pleasure boats. Braunston has a marina filled with these pleasure boats and is usually quite busy.

From the marina, six locks carry the Grand Union Canal up to Braunston Tunnel, some 2,049 yards (1,874 m) long.

Railways
Despite its small size, Braunston was once served by two railway stations, both now closed. The first, Braunston London Road was on the former LNWR Weedon to Leamington Spa branch line, via Daventry, was located near the marina and closed in September 1958. A couple of miles north-west of Braunston was Braunston and Willoughby station on the former Great Central Main Line, which served Braunston and the village of Willoughby, which it was closer to. This was the last main line to be constructed from the north of England to London and opened in March 1899. Braunston and Willoughby station closed in April 1957 and the line itself in September 1966. To the south of the station was the 13-arch Willoughby viaduct crossing the River Leam: the viaduct was demolished about 1980.

Braunston Primary School
Braunston C.E. Primary School is located in the middle of the village. It is a one form entry school. It has one class for each age group from Reception to Year 6, with the capacity for 30 children in each class. The curriculum is divided up into stages according to age: Foundation Stage – The Reception Class, Key Stage 1 - Years 1 and 2, Key Stage 2 - Years 3, 4, 5 and 6.

Nearby settlements
Nearby is the small hamlet of Little Braunston. Also close to the village are the three lost settlements of Braunston Cleves or Fawcliff, Braunstonbury and Wolfhampcote.

Twin village
The village is twinned with Quincy-Voisins in France.

title: Braunston


text:
Talk:1850s

Sorry, IMO it's not really accurate to list the USA Presidents of this era as "World Leaders". -- Infrogmation

Apparently robots were invented in this time. Interesting. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.226.174.118 (talk) 18:07, 5 February 2009 (UTC)

There appears to be vandalism in the prominent political events section — Preceding unsigned comment added by 27.125.191.82 (talk) 14:13, 29 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:1850s


text:
Parliamentary system

A parliamentary system, or parliamentary democracy, is a system of democratic government where the head of government (who may also be the head of state) derives their democratic legitimacy from their ability to command the support ("confidence") of the legislature, typically a parliament, to which they are accountable.

In a parliamentary system, the head of state and head of government are usually two separate positions, with the head of state serving as a ceremonial figurehead with little if any power, while all of the real political power is vested in the head of government. This is in contrast to a presidential system, which features a president who is usually both the head of state and the head of government and, most importantly, does not derive their legitimacy from the legislature.

Countries with parliamentary systems may be constitutional monarchies, where a monarch is the head of state while the head of government is almost always a member of parliament, or parliamentary republics, where a mostly ceremonial president is the head of state while the head of government is regularly from the legislature. In a few parliamentary republics, among some others, the head of government is also head of state, but is elected by and is answerable to parliament. In bicameral parliaments, the head of government is generally, though not always, a member of the lower house.

Parliamentarianism is the dominant form of government in Europe, with 32 of its 50 sovereign states being parliamentarian. It is also common across the Caribbean, being the form of government of 10 of its 13 island states, and in Oceania. Elsewhere in the world, parliamentary governments are less common, but they are distributed throughout all six populated continents, most often in former colonies of the British Empire that subscribe to a particular brand of parliamentarianism known as the Westminster system.

History
Since ancient times, when societies were tribal, there were councils or a headman whose decisions were assessed by village elders. Eventually, these councils slowly evolved into the modern parliamentary system.

The first parliaments date back to Europe in the Middle Ages: specifically in 1188 Alfonso IX, King of Leon (Spain) convened the three states in the Cortes of León. The Corts of Catalonia were the first parliament of Europe that officially obtained the power to pass legislation, apart from the custom. An early example of parliamentary government developed in today's Netherlands and Belgium during the Dutch revolt (1581), when the sovereign, legislative and executive powers were taken over by the States General of the Netherlands from the monarch, King Philip II of Spain. The modern concept of parliamentary government emerged in the Kingdom of Great Britain between 1707 and 1800 and its contemporary, the Parliamentary System in Sweden between 1721 and 1772.

In England, Simon de Montfort is remembered as one of the fathers of representative government for convening two famous parliaments. The first, in 1258, stripped the king of unlimited authority and the second, in 1265, included ordinary citizens from the towns. Later, in the 17th century, the Parliament of England pioneered some of the ideas and systems of liberal democracy culminating in the Glorious Revolution and passage of the Bill of Rights 1689.

In the Kingdom of Great Britain, the monarch, in theory, chaired the cabinet and chose ministers. In practice, King George I's inability to speak English led to the responsibility for chairing cabinet to go to the leading minister, literally the prime or first minister, Robert Walpole. The gradual democratisation of parliament with the broadening of the voting franchise increased parliament's role in controlling government, and in deciding whom the king could ask to form a government. By the 19th century, the Great Reform Act of 1832 led to parliamentary dominance, with its choice invariably deciding who was prime minister and the complexion of the government.

Other countries gradually adopted what came to be called the Westminster system of government, with an executive answerable to the lower house of a bicameral parliament, and exercising, in the name of the head of state, powers nominally vested in the head of state – hence the use of phrases such as Her Majesty's government (in constitutional monarchies) or His Excellency's government (in parliamentary republics). Such a system became particularly prevalent in older British dominions, many of which had their constitutions enacted by the British parliament; such as Australia, New Zealand, Canada, the Irish Free State and the Union of South Africa. Some of these parliaments were reformed from, or were initially developed as distinct from their original British model: the Australian Senate, for instance, has since its inception more closely reflected the US Senate than the British House of Lords; whereas since 1950 there is no upper house in New Zealand. Many of these countries such as Trinidad and Tobago and Barbados have severed institutional ties to Great Britain by becoming republics with their own ceremonial Presidents, but retain the Westminster system of government. The idea of parliamentary accountability and responsible government spread with these systems.

Democracy and parliamentarianism became increasingly prevalent in Europe in the years after World War I, partially imposed by the democratic victors, the United States, Great Britain and France, on the defeated countries and their successors, notably Germany's Weimar Republic and the First Austrian Republic. Nineteenth-century urbanisation, the Industrial Revolution and modernism had already made the parliamentarist demands of the Radicals and the emerging movement of social democrats increasingly impossible to ignore; these forces came to dominate many states that transitioned to parliamentarism, particularly in the French Third Republic where the Radical Party and its centre-left allies dominated the government for several decades. However, the rise of Fascism in the 1930s put an end to parliamentary democracy in Italy and Germany, among others.

After the Second World War, the defeated fascist Axis powers were occupied by the victorious Allies. In those countries occupied by the Allied democracies (the United States, United Kingdom, and France) parliamentary constitutions were implemented, resulting in the parliamentary constitutions of Italy and West Germany (now all of Germany) and the 1947 Constitution of Japan. The experiences of the war in the occupied nations where the legitimate democratic governments were allowed to return strengthened the public commitment to parliamentary principles; in Denmark, a new constitution was written in 1953, while a long and acrimonious debate in Norway resulted in no changes being made to that country's strongly entrenched democratic constitution.

Characteristics
A parliamentary system may be either bicameral, with two chambers of parliament (or houses) or unicameral, with just one parliamentary chamber. A bicameral parliament usually consists of a directly elected lower house with the power to determine the executive government, and an upper house which may be appointed or elected through a different mechanism from the lower house.

Types
Scholars of democracy such as Arend Lijphart distinguish two types of parliamentary democracies: the Westminster and Consensus systems.

Westminster system

 * The Westminster system is usually found in the Commonwealth of Nations and countries which were influenced by the British political tradition.  These parliaments tend to have a more adversarial style of debate and the plenary session of parliament is more important than committees. Some parliaments in this model are elected using a plurality voting system (first past the post), such as the United Kingdom, Canada, India and Malaysia, while others use some form of proportional representation, such as Ireland and New Zealand. The Australian House of Representatives is elected using instant-runoff voting, while the Senate is elected using proportional representation through single transferable vote. Regardless of which system is used, the voting systems tend to allow the voter to vote for a named candidate rather than a closed list. Most Westminster systems employ strict monism, where Ministers must be members of Parliament simultaneously; while some Westminster systems, such as Bangladesh,  permit the appointment of extra-parliamentary Ministers, and others (such as Jamaica) allow outsiders to be appointed to the Ministry through an appointed Upper House, although a majority of Ministers (which, by necessity, includes the Prime Minister) must come from within (the lower house of) Parliament.

Consensus system

 * The Western European parliamentary model (e.g., Spain, Germany) tends to have a more consensual debating system and usually has semi-circular debating chambers. Consensus systems have more of a tendency to use proportional representation with open party lists than the Westminster Model legislatures. The committees of these Parliaments tend to be more important than the plenary chamber. Most Western European countries do not employ strict monism, and allow extra-parliamentary ministers as a matter of course. The Netherlands, Slovakia and Sweden outright implement the principle of dualism as a form of separation of powers, where Members of Parliament have to resign their place in Parliament upon being appointed (or elected) minister.

Appointment of the head of government
Implementations of the parliamentary system can also differ as to how the prime minister and government are appointed and whether the government needs the explicit approval of the parliament, rather than just the absence of its disapproval. While most parliamentary systems such as India require the prime minister and other ministers to be a member of the legislature, in other countries like Canada and the United Kingdom this only exists as a convention, some other countries including Norway, Sweden and the Benelux countries require a sitting member of the legislature to resign such positions upon being appointed to the executive.

 *  The head of state appoints a prime minister who will likely have majority support in parliament. While in the majority of cases prime ministers in the Westminster system are the leaders of the largest party in parliament, technically the appointment of the prime minister is a prerogative exercised by the head of state (be it the monarch, the governor-general, or the president). This system is used in:

 * 🇦🇺 Australia
 * 🇨🇦 Canada
 * 🇮🇳 India
 * 🇯🇲 Jamaica
 * 🇲🇾 Malaysia
 * 🇳🇿 New Zealand
 * 🇬🇧 United Kingdom
 * 🇩🇰 Denmark

 *  The head of state appoints a prime minister who must gain a vote of confidence within a set time. This system is used in:

 * 🇮🇹 Italy

 *  The head of state appoints the leader of the political party holding a plurality of seats in parliament as prime minister. For example, in Greece, if no party has a majority, the leader of the party with a plurality of seats is given an exploratory mandate to receive the confidence of the parliament within three days. If said leader fails to obtain the confidence of parliament, then the leader of the second-largest party is given the exploratory mandate. If that fails, then the leader of the third-largest political party is given the exploratory mandate, and so on. This system is used in:

 * 🇬🇷 Greece

 *  The head of state nominates a candidate for prime minister who is then submitted to parliament for approval before appointment. Example: Spain, where the King sends a proposal to the Congress of Deputies for approval. Also, Germany where under the German Basic Law (constitution) the Bundestag votes on a candidate nominated by the federal president. In these cases, parliament can choose another candidate who then would be appointed by the head of state. This system is used in:

 * 🇪🇪 Estonia
 * 🇩🇪 Germany
 * 🇪🇸 Spain

 *  Parliament nominates a candidate whom the head of state is constitutionally obliged to appoint as prime minister. Example: Japan, where the Emperor appoints the Prime Minister on the nomination of the National Diet. Also Ireland, where the President of Ireland appoints the Taoiseach on the nomination of Dáil Éireann. This system is used in:

 * 🇮🇪 Ireland
 * 🇯🇵 Japan
 * 🇹🇭 Thailand

 * A public officeholder (other than the head of state or their representative) nominates a candidate, who, if approved by parliament, is appointed as prime minister. Example: Under the Swedish Instrument of Government (1974), the power to appoint someone to form a government has been moved from the monarch to the Speaker of Parliament and the parliament itself. The speaker nominates a candidate, who is then elected to prime minister (statsminister) by the parliament if an absolute majority of the members of parliament does not vote against the candidate (i.e. they can be elected even if more members of parliament vote No than Yes). This system is used in:

 * 🇸🇪 Sweden

 * Direct election by popular vote. Example: Israel, 1996–2001, where the prime minister was elected in a general election, with no regard to political affiliation, and whose procedure can also be described as of a semi-parliamentary system. This system was used in:

 * 🇮🇱 Israel (1996–2001)

Power of dissolution and call for election
Furthermore, there are variations as to what conditions exist (if any) for the government to have the right to dissolve the parliament:
 * In some countries, especially those operating under a Westminster system, such as the United Kingdom, Denmark, Malaysia, Australia and New Zealand, the prime minister has the de facto power to call an election, at will. In Spain, the prime minister is the only person with the de jure power to call an election, granted by Article 115 of the Constitution.
 * In Israel, parliament may vote to dissolve itself in order to call an election, or the prime minister may call a snap election with presidential consent if his government is deadlocked. A non-passage of the budget automatically calls a snap election.
 * Other countries only permit an election to be called in the event of a vote of no confidence against the government, a supermajority vote in favour of an early election or a prolonged deadlock in parliament. These requirements can still be circumvented. For example, in Germany in 2005, Gerhard Schröder deliberately allowed his government to lose a confidence motion, in order to call an early election.
 * In Sweden, the government may call a snap election at will, but the newly elected Riksdag is only elected to fill out the previous Riksdag's term. The last time this option was used was in 1958.
 * In Greece, a general election is called if the Parliament fails to elect a new head of state when his or her term ends. In January 2015, this constitutional provision was exploited by Syriza to trigger a snap election, win it and oust rivals New Democracy from power.
 * In Italy the government has no power to call a snap election. A snap election can only be called by the head of state, following a consultation with the presidents of both houses of parliament.
 * Norway is unique among parliamentary systems in that the Storting always serves the whole of its four-year term.
 * In Australia, under certain, unique conditions, the prime minister can request the Governor General to call for a double dissolution, whereby all rather than only half of the Senate, is dissolved – in effect electing all of the Parliament simultaneously.

The parliamentary system can be contrasted with a presidential system which operates under a stricter separation of powers, whereby the executive does not form part of—nor is appointed by—the parliamentary or legislative body. In such a system, parliaments or congresses do not select or dismiss heads of government, and governments cannot request an early dissolution as may be the case for parliaments (although the parliament may still be able to dissolve itself, as in the case of Cyprus). There also exists the semi-presidential system that draws on both presidential systems and parliamentary systems by combining a powerful president with an executive responsible to parliament: for example, the French Fifth Republic.

Parliamentarianism may also apply to regional and local governments. An example is Oslo which has an executive council (Byråd) as a part of the parliamentary system. The devolved nations of the United Kingdom are also parliamentary and which, as with the UK Parliament, may hold early elections – this has only occurred with regards to the Northern Ireland Assembly in 2017 and 2022.

Anti-defection law
A few parliamentary democratic nations such as India, Pakistan and Bangladesh have enacted laws that prohibit floor crossing or switching parties after the election. Under these laws, elected representatives will lose their seat in the parliament if they go against their party in votes.

In the UK parliament, a member is free to cross over to a different party. In Canada and Australia, there are no restraints on legislators switching sides. In New Zealand, waka-jumping legislation provides that MPs who switch parties or are expelled from their party may be expelled from Parliament at the request of their former party's leader.

Parliamentary sovereignty
A few parliamentary democracies such as the United Kingdom and New Zealand have weak or non-existent checks on the legislative power of their Parliaments, where any newly approved Act shall take precedence over all prior Acts. All laws are equally unentrenched, wherein judicial review may not outright annul nor amend them, as frequently occurs in other parliamentary systems like Germany. Whilst the head of state for both nations (Monarch, and or Governor General) has the de jure power to withhold assent to any bill passed by their Parliament, this check has not been exercised in Britain since the 1708 Scottish Militia Bill.

Whilst both the UK and New Zealand have some Acts or parliamentary rules establishing supermajorities or additional legislative procedures for certain legislation, such as previously with the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 (FTPA), these can be bypassed through the enactment of another that amends or ignores these supermajorities away, such as with the Early Parliamentary General Election Act 2019 – bypassing the 2/3rd supermajority required for an early dissolution under the FTPA -, which enabled the early dissolution for the 2019 general election.

Metrics
Parliamentarism metrics allow a quantitative comparison of the strength of parliamentary systems for individual countries. One parliamentarism metric is the Parliamentary Powers Index.

Adaptability
Parliamentary systems like that found in the United Kingdom are widely considered to be more flexible, allowing a rapid change in legislation and policy as long as there is a stable majority or coalition in parliament, allowing the government to have 'few legal limits on what it can do' When combined with first-past-the-post voting, this system produces the classic "Westminster model" with the twin virtues of strong but responsive party government. This electoral system providing a strong majority in the House of Commons, paired with the fused power system results in a particularly powerful government able to provide change and 'innovate'.

Scrutiny and accountability
The United Kingdom's fused power system is often noted to be advantageous with regard to accountability. The centralised government allows for more transparency as to where decisions originate from, this contrasts with the American system with Treasury Secretary C. Douglas Dillon saying "the president blames Congress, the Congress blames the president, and the public remains confused and disgusted with government in Washington". Furthermore, ministers of the U.K. cabinet are subject to weekly Question Periods in which their actions/policies are scrutinised; no such regular check on the government exists in the U.S. system.

Distribution of power
A 2001 World Bank study found that parliamentary systems are associated with less corruption.

Calling of elections
In his 1867 book The English Constitution, Walter Bagehot praised parliamentary governments for producing serious debates, for allowing for a change in power without an election, and for allowing elections at any time. Bagehot considered fixed-term elections such as the four-year election rule for presidents of the United States to be unnatural, as it can potentially allow a president who has disappointed the public with a dismal performance in the second year of his term to continue on until the end of his four-year term. Under a parliamentary system, a prime minister that has lost support in the middle of his term can be easily replaced by his own peers with a more popular alternative, as the Conservative Party in the UK did with successive prime ministers David Cameron, Theresa May, Boris Johnson, Liz Truss, and Rishi Sunak.

Although Bagehot praised parliamentary governments for allowing an election to take place at any time, the lack of a definite election calendar can be abused. Under some systems, such as the British, a ruling party can schedule elections when it believes that it is likely to retain power, and so avoid elections at times of unpopularity. (From 2011, election timing in the UK was partially fixed under the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011, which was repealed by the Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022.) Thus, by a shrewd timing of elections, in a parliamentary system, a party can extend its rule for longer than is feasible in a presidential system. This problem can be alleviated somewhat by setting fixed dates for parliamentary elections, as is the case in several of Australia's state parliaments. In other systems, such as the Dutch and the Belgian, the ruling party or coalition has some flexibility in determining the election date. Conversely, flexibility in the timing of parliamentary elections can avoid periods of legislative gridlock that can occur in a fixed period presidential system. In any case, voters ultimately have the power to choose whether to vote for the ruling party or someone else.

Incomplete separation of power
According to Arturo Fontaine, parliamentary systems in Europe have yielded very powerful heads of government which is rather what is often criticized about presidential systems. Fontaine compares United Kingdom's Margaret Thatcher to the United States' Ronald Reagan noting the former head of government was much more powerful despite governing under a parliamentary system. The rise to power of Viktor Orbán in Hungary has been claimed to show how parliamentary systems can be subverted. The situation in Hungary was according to Fontaine allowed by the deficient separation of powers that characterises parliamentary and semi-presidential systems. Once Orbán's party got two-thirds of the seats in Parliament in a single election, a supermajority large enough to amend the Hungarian constitution, there was no institution that was able to balance the concentration of power. In a presidential system it would require at least two separate elections to create the same effect; the presidential election, and the legislative election, and that the president's party has the legislative supermajority required for constitutional amendments. Safeguards against this situation implementable in both systems include the establishment of an upper house or a requirement for external ratification of constitutional amendments such as a referendum. Fontaine also notes as a warning example of the flaws of parliamentary systems that if the United States had a parliamentary system, Donald Trump, as head of government, could have dissolved the United States Congress.

Legislative flip-flopping
The ability for strong parliamentary governments to push legislation through with the ease of fused power systems such as in the United Kingdom, whilst positive in allowing rapid adaptation when necessary e.g. the nationalisation of services during the world wars, in the opinion of some commentators does have its drawbacks. For instance, the flip-flopping of legislation back and forth as the majority in parliament changed between the Conservatives and Labour over the period 1940–1980, contesting over the nationalisation and privatisation of the British Steel Industry resulted in major instability for the British steel sector.

Political fragmentation
In R. Kent Weaver's book Are Parliamentary Systems Better?, he writes that an advantage of presidential systems is their ability to allow and accommodate more diverse viewpoints. He states that because "legislators are not compelled to vote against their constituents on matters of local concern, parties can serve as organizational and roll-call cuing vehicles without forcing out dissidents."

Democratic unaccountability
All current parliamentary democracies see the indirect election or appointment of their head of government. As a result, the electorate has limited power to remove or install the person or party wielding the most power. Although strategic voting may enable the party of the prime minister to be removed or empowered, this can be at the expense of voters first preferences in the many parliamentary systems utilising first past the post, or having no effect in dislodging those parties who consistently form part of a coalition government, as with the current Dutch prime minister Mark Rutte and his party the VVD's 4 terms in office, despite their peak support reaching only 26.6% in 2012.

title: Parliamentary system


text:
Napton on the Hill

Napton on the Hill is a village and civil parish in the Stratford-on-Avon District of Warwickshire, England. The population of the civil parish taken at the 2021 census was 1,416.

Manor
The toponym Napton is derived from the Old English cnæpp meaning 'hilltop' and tūn meaning 'settlement' in the Old English language. In 1086 the Domesday Book recorded the village as Neptone. The hill on which the village is built is just over 500 ft above sea level, commanding the remainder of the parish which for the most part is at a height of about 300 ft. The Domesday Book records that in 1086 Robert de Beaumont, Count of Meulan held the principal manor of Napton. In 1107 Henry I made de Beaumont Earl of Leicester and de Beaumont's manor at Napton became part of the honour of Leicester Castle. When Robert de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Leicester died in 1204 leaving no male heir his estates were divided between his two sisters.

Napton was included in the half that passed to his younger sister Margaret, and thereby to her husband Saer de Quincy who in 1207 was made Earl of Winchester. Napton was still part of the honour of Winchester Castle in 1271 but Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester had died in 1265 with no male heir, leaving his estates to his three daughters. In 1285 the husbands of two of these, Alexander Comyn, Earl of Buchan and William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby, jointly claimed view of frankpledge over Napton. There are further references to Napton's feudal overlordship in the 14th century and in 1413.

Parish church
The oldest parts of the Church of England parish church of St Lawrence include the chancel, which was built in the 12th century and still has three Norman windows in its north wall. The south doorway of the nave is also from the end of the 12th century. Prof. Louis Salzman considered that the north and south transepts were also 12th century but Prof. Nikolaus Pevsner and Alexandra Wedgwood proposed a later date of about 1275, noting their triplets of Early English Gothic lancet windows. The north and south aisles were added in the 13th century after the transepts. The lower stages of the bell tower date from about 1300. The east window of the south transept is a later Perpendicular Gothic addition.

The south porch reuses a mixture of Early English and Perpendicular masonry and has puzzled historians. Louis Francis Salzman thought it could have been built either at the end of the 16th century or in the 17th century but Nikolaus Pevsner and Alexandra Wedgwood suspected the involvement of J. Croft, the architect who restored the church in 1861. The vestry may also have been added in the 17th century and the upper stage of the tower was rebuilt early in the 18th century. After this rebuilding a ring of five bells was cast in 1731 and hung in the tower.

The tenor was recast in 1874 and John Taylor & Co rehung all the bells in 1958. The ring was increased to six bells by the addition of the treble cast by Whitechapel Bell Foundry in 1963. St. Lawrence's is at the top of the hill, making it a local landmark and giving it commanding views over the surrounding countryside, especially from the top of the tower. St. Lawrence's parish is now part of a single Church of England benefice with the parishes of Lower Shuckburgh and Stockton, part of the Bridges Group of parishes. Actor Ed Bishop is buried in the churchyard.

Economic and social history
In the 14th century Napton was granted a market charter by King Edward II and throughout the Middle Ages it was one of the largest settlements in Warwickshire. However the market died out, and the population of the village today of around 1,000, is roughly the same as it was in the year 1400. Napton had a windmill by 1543. The present stone-built tower mill is a later structure, dating from the 18th or early 19th century that was derelict in 1966 but has since been restored. It is a Grade II listed building.

Napton had separate schools for girls and boys until 1948 when they were merged to form the current St. Lawrence Church of England Primary School, which moved to its current premises in 1997.

Canals
The first section of the Oxford Canal from Hawkesbury Junction was completed in 1771 and it reached Napton in 1774. This made Napton the head of navigation for coal supplies to be forwarded by road to Banbury, Bicester, Woodstock and Oxford until 1777, when the canal reached Fenny Compton which then took over as the trans-shipment point. The Oxford Canal's chief engineer, Samuel Simcock, designed the canal to be a contour canal as much as possible, so he routed it around three sides of Napton Hill to minimise the number of locks needed. Even so, to climb from Napton Wharf to the summit pound at Marston Doles required eight locks around the hill (nos. 8–15) and another at Marston Doles (no. 16), that between them raise boats by a total of 52 ft.

The 11 mi long summit pound between Marston Doles and Claydon suffered from a shortage of water so Parliament passed an Act in 1786 authorising the company to use any water supply within 1000 yd of the canal. Just over 1 mi south of Napton it sank a well that fed the summit pound via a 900 yd feeder arm westwards to the canal between locks 11 and 12 and then a 1 mi channel beside the canal from there to just above Marston Doles lock. An engine house with a steam engine and pump were built at the well-head and the well seems to have begun operation in 1793. The boiler needed replacement as early as 1794 and an accident with the engine killed a workman in 1796.

In 1800 the Warwick and Napton Canal (W&N) was completed, joining the Oxford Canal at Napton Junction. To reach the same level as the Oxford Canal the W&N ascended three locks at Calcutt just north of Napton parish. With each passage of a narrowboat through Calcutt Lock the Oxford Canal lost a certain amount of water so the W&N agreed to pay the Oxford 2 shillings (2/-) (10 new pence) for each such passage. In 1805 the Grand Junction Canal was completed, joining the Oxford Canal at Braunston 4.5 mi east of Napton and completing the direct canal route between Birmingham and London. Between 1808 and 1811 the W&N built a reservoir at Ashby St Ledgers 7 mi from Napton to feed both the Oxford and the W&N via the Grand Junction Canal. This enabled the Oxford to cease regular pumping at Napton and stop charging the W&N two shillings for each boat through Calcutt Locks.

A century later, in autumn 1911, the canals again suffered a water shortage so the Oxford Canal brought its well at Napton back into use. The old pumping engine had long been out of action so the company hired two Oxford Steam Plough Company steam ploughing engines to work the pump. In 1974 there was another water shortage and British Waterways resorted to back-pumping water up Napton Locks. In 1928 the Grand Junction Canal took over the W&N and Warwick and Birmingham Canals to form the Grand Union Canal. The Grand Union wanted to widen its route to enable it to take barges 12.5 ft wide, so in 1931 an Act of Parliament gave the Grand Union special powers over the Oxford Canal to widen the section between Braunston and Napton Junctions. Between 1932 and 1947 it widened bridges between Braunston and Napton and increased the depth of the canal to 5.5 ft. The canals are now primarily a leisure facility and Napton Junction has a marina that offers moorings and narrowboats for hire.

Napton Festival
On 16 September 2006 the first Napton Festival was held at Holt Farm on Holt Road. The headline act was the hard rock band Girlschool. The festival was repeated in the same place in 2007, with two stages and with The Sweet and the Hollies as its main acts. In 2008 the main acts were Bad Company on the main stage and Aynsley Lister in the marquee. The 2008 festival extended to the Friday night with Jilted Generation performing in the marquee. Smaller events were held in Napton village in 2009 and 2010, both headlined by Whole Lotta DC. In 2011 the festival was held in a new site on the edge of Napton village. It was a two-day event with bands including the Ripps on the Friday night and the Bluetones and the Total Stone Roses headlining the Saturday night.

Notable people
The BBC's Rural Affairs Correspondent and Director of Checked Shirt TV Limited, Thomas John Gillespie "Tom" Heap, the son of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office's John Arnfield Heap, lives in the village. The American actor Ed Bishop (1932–2005) is buried in the parish churchyard, having lived in the village for several years.

title: Napton on the Hill


text:
Elastic

Elastic is a word often used to describe or identify certain types of elastomer, elastic used in garments or stretchable fabrics.

Elastic may also refer to:

Alternative name

 * Rubber band, ring-shaped band of rubber used to hold objects together
 * Bungee cord, a cord composed of an elastic core covered in a sheath
 * Chinese jump rope, a children's game resembling hopscotch and jump rope

As a proper name

 * Elastic (album), a 2002 album by jazz saxophonist Joshua Redman
 * "Elastic", a 2018 single by Joey Purp
 * Elastic, working title of the 2012 Indian film Cocktail
 * Elastic NV, the company that releases the Elasticsearch search engine
 * Elasticsearch, a search engine based on Apache Lucene
 * Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2), a web service that provides secure, resizable compute capacity in a cloud format
 * Elastics (orthodontics), rubber bands used in orthodontics
 * Elastic (creative studio), a creative studio known for its title sequences during the Golden Age of Television

title: Elastic


text:
A Fantasy Love Affair

A Fantasy Love Affair is the debut album by Peter Brown. The album was recorded in 1976–77 and released in 1978. It was mastered by Ted Jensen of Sterling Sound. It charted #9 on Billboard's R&B charts and #11 on the Pop chart. It was successful on the disco charts as well and spawned four singles, three of which were hits, including "Do Ya Wanna Get Funky with Me" and "Dance with Me". In the UK the album was titled Do You Wanna Get Funky with Me and featured a backlit silhouette of a nude woman standing in a window as its sleeve cover. Brown also photographed the album's somewhat controversial cover and revealed, in a 1978 interview in Rolling Stone, that he had created the cover's nude model out of cardboard, sheer fabric and ribbons. Until then, no one ever suspected it was not a real person. The album peaked at number 50 in Australia.

The album was later reissued on Collectables Records.

Personnel

 * Peter Brown - lead vocals, synthesizer, guitar, piano, electric piano, drums, percussion, timbales, arrangements
 * Tom Dziallo - guitar, bass guitar
 * Steve Gordon - guitar
 * Paul Ricupero - guitar, backing vocals
 * Robert Rans - piano
 * Michael Smith - alto saxophone
 * Valerie Von Pechy - harp
 * Wildflower, Betty Wright, Pat Hurley - backing vocals
 * Bert Dovo - string and horn arrangements, conductor
 * Gene Orloff - concertmaster

title: A Fantasy Love Affair


text:
Social conflict theory

Social conflict theory is a Marxist-based social theory which argues that individuals and groups (social classes) within society interact on the basis of conflict rather than consensus. Through various forms of conflict, groups will tend to attain differing amounts of material and non-material resources (e.g. the wealthy vs. the poor). More powerful groups will tend to use their power in order to retain power and exploit groups with less power.

Conflict theorists view conflict as an engine of change, since conflict produces contradictions which are sometimes resolved, creating new conflicts and contradictions in an ongoing dialectic. In the classic example of historical materialism, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels argued that all of human history is the result of conflict between classes, which evolved over time in accordance with changes in society's means of meeting its material needs, i.e. changes in society's mode of production.

Example (sample of the following)
Consider the relationship between the owner of a housing complex and a tenant in that same housing complex. A consensus theorist might suggest that the relationship between the owner and the tenant is founded on mutual benefit. In contrast, a conflict theorist might argue the relationship is based on a conflict in which the owner and tenant are struggling against each other. Their relationship is defined by the balance in their abilities to extract resources from each other, e.g. rent payments or a place to live. The bounds of the relationship are set where each is extracting the maximum possible amount of resources out of the other.

Conflict can take many forms and involve struggle over many different types of resources, including status. However, formal conflict theory had its foundations in the analysis of class conflict, and the example of the owner and the tenant can be understood in terms of class conflict. In class conflict, owners are likely to have relative advantages over non-owners. For example, the legal system underlying the relationship between the owner and tenant can be biased in favor of the owner. Suppose the owner wishes to keep the tenant's security deposit after that tenant has moved out of the owner's residence. In legal systems based on English common law, the owner is only required to notify the tenant that the security deposit is being withheld. To regain the security deposit, the tenant must file a lawsuit. The tenant bears the burden of proof and is therefore required to prove that the residence was adequately cleaned before move-out. This can be a very difficult or even impossible task.

To summarize the example, conflict theorists view the relationship between the owner and tenant as being built primarily on conflict rather than harmony. Even though the owner-tenant relationship may often appear harmonious, any visible harmony is only a product of the law and other elements of the superstructure which constrain the relationship and which are themselves a product of an even deeper conflict, class conflict. A conflict theorist would say that conflict theory holds more explanatory power than consensus theory in this situation since consensus theory cannot explain lawsuits between owners and tenants nor the legal foundations of the asymmetrical power relationship between the two.

Social conflict theories
From a social-conflict theorist/Marxist point of view social class and inequality emerges because the social structure is based on conflict and contradictions. Contradictions in interests and conflict over scarce resources between groups is the foundation of social society, according to the social conflict theory. The higher class will try to maintain their privileges, power, status and social position—and therefore try to influence politics, education, and other institutions to protect and limit access to their forms of capital and resources. Whereas the lower class—in contradiction to the higher class—has very different interests. They do not have specific forms of capital that they need to protect. All they are interested in is in gaining access to the resources and capital of the higher class. For example, education: the lower class will do everything to gain access to the higher class resources based on democratizing and liberalizing education systems because these forms of capital are thought to be of value for future success. The various institutions of society such as the legal and political system are instruments of ruling class domination and serve to further its interests. Marx believed that western society developed through four main epochs—primitive communism, ancient society, feudal society and capitalist society. Primitive communism is represented by the societies of pre-history and provides the only example of the classless society. From then all societies are divided into two major classes—master and slaves in ancient society, lords and serfs in feudal society and capitalist and wage laborers in capitalist society.

Weber sees class in economic terms. He argues that classes develop in market economies in which individuals compete for economic gain. He defines a class as a group of individuals who share a similar position in market economy and by virtue of that fact receive similar economic rewards. Thus a person's class situation is basically his market situation. Those who share a similar class situation also share similar life chances. Their economic position will directly affect their chances of obtaining the things defined as desirable in their society.

Social conflict theory is also used to understand gender inequalities. One theory that is based on social-conflict ideas is radical feminist theory and feminism in general. According to a professor of political science in Belgrade, Jelena Vukoičić, radical feminism is a feminist theory that starts from the idea of conflict between the sexes as a fundamental conflict, and oppression against women as a direct implication of patriarchy. This theory rests on the assumption that all social activity is the result of certain restrictions and coercion, and although every social system contains specific forms of interactive constraints, they do not have to cause repression.

title: Social conflict theory


text:
Talk:Social conflict theory

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Umedi2016.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 09:36, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 9 September 2020 and 18 December 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Saira.s.3.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 09:36, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Old talk
I did not author this page. The content is taken from the Marxism article -- the article identified Marxism with Social Conflict Theory. SCT may be the term someone gives to a Marxian theory of conflict, but it is not a widely used marxian term and not appropriate to an article on Marx -- so I created this new article, rather than just delete the content. I do not know who Padgitt is or why he should be so heavily quoted. Anyone who knows more about SCT, please work on this! Slrubenstein

This, unfortunately, is my field, SLR. I say "unfortunately" because these days I mostly prefer to play in fields for which I am not formally qualified. (Something to do with grass and the other side of fences and the colour green, I guess.)

Brief precis of what the article ought to say:

 * Conflict theory explains society in terms of the competition between different social groups for benefits and resources. Social structure, for the conflict theorist, is an outgrowth of the struggle between interest groups. hahahahahaha!!!!!!
 * Contrast this with functionalist theory which explains society in terms of the ways that groups work together cooperatively. Social institutions are explained in terms of their functional importance to society as a whole.
 * Conflict theory and functionalist theory are both structural theories of society. Contrast with interactionist or "social action" theory, which is non-structural.
 * There are several major branches of conflict theory. Marxian theory is predominant. Feminism is another prominent branch.

In short, Marxian theory is one particular branch of conflict theory - but by far the biggest branch. Tannin

 * PS. I suspect that Steve Padgitt was Vera Cruz's tutor in Sociology 101, the poor man. But that's pure guesswork. Tannin

 * PPS. I just checked. It was VC. A sort of favour in disguise, actually, as now we are more-or-less forced to get off our lazy bums and write something better. :) - Tannin

Thanks Tannin for the quick lesson -- it certainly squares with what my sociology friends have told me and makes more sense than just changing the Marxsism article to "Marxism, or social conflict theory is..." I guess you (or others) will work on this at your leisure. On the bright side, you can then add a link at the Sociology page and in an instant make a significant improvement... Slrubenstein

Is there a branch of social conflict theory that deals with the conflicting definitions of family and the debate over 'reclaiming the term' family values? That seems to fall into the structural''' theories class to me.
 * Quinobi 12:45, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

dubious wc
Unless someone can demonstrate otherwise, I don't think "old-school" is really encyclopedia-calibre wording. I can't think of a good replacement for it off the top of my head, but it sounds disturbingly weaselish... Tomer TALK 20:38, May 8, 2005 (UTC) Conflict theory is a theory that refute functionalism.... haha!!! this is just a non-sense thing... i just want to bother you all.... (",)

'-' ?
Any specific reason for the '-' betwen social-conflict? I think this should be moved to social conflict theory. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 16:05, 21 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed. And I've made the change. Sarge Baldy 16:59, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

hahahahahaha!!!!! i don't agree on you!!!!

Padgitt?
the start of the article has a quote by Padgitt, but doesent give any info on who Padgitt is. can some one add an brief explanation about Padgitt and why he's noteable to this feild to the article? maybe an article link if one existsMike McGregor (Can) 19:36, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

also, i linked to weber's theory for 'brute force'. would that be correct for this subject?Mike McGregor (Can) 19:39, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

Merge?
Please see Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Sociology for a potential merge to/from candidates for this article. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 19:43, 28 April 2010 (UTC)

 * The discussion was archived at Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Sociology/Archive_6. There seems to have been agreement that this article should be merge into the one on conflict theories. --Dowcet (talk) 20:38, 26 April 2016 (UTC)

Repeated?
Did anyone else notice they repeated a paragraph? The third and fourth paragraphs are exactly the same except for like 2-3 words. --Jjaapp18 (talk) 00:24, 11 May 2010 (UTC)
 * There is no "they" here :) It is just "us". And WP:SOFIXIT... --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 06:33, 11 May 2010 (UTC)
 * No thanks, last time I changed something I got yelled at... -- jjaapp18  Talk to me  06:58, 28 May 2010 (UTC)

Rockefeller? Random image of sad man who may or may not be homeless?
What the shit? Why are these images here? Searched for rockefeller in the article. No mention. Searched for tycoon - no mention. Didn't bother searching for Oil. And then theres a seemingly odd and strange image of a homeless man on the right side? Why? The caption isn't explaining ANYTHING in direct relation to the article. If there's an implication, it needs to be spelled out, otherwise this just seems unnecessary.

Plagiarism
Everything under the heading "Conflict Theory" appears to have been word for word copied from another source, as can be evidenced by the line at the end of the eighth paragraph. "(Figure 1 depicts this model of historical materialism.)" - Dotdotdotdash (talk) 23:35, 7 January 2012 (UTC)

Marxist-based?
There seems to be some serious conceptual and/or semantic puzzlement among Wikipedia editors concerning this matter. I am not sure if this article should even exit, or be blended with another, etc.

Conflict sociology is not necessarily "Marxist-based" -- pure absurdity.

The conceptual confusion here is horrendous.

Bibliography of Relevant and Reliable Sources
Simply a section on a few potential sources to add information to this article. Any suggestions, or thoughts? Please bring forth.

 * Bartos, Otomar J., and Paul Ernest Wehr. Using Conflict Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2002. Print.
 * Rigney, Daniel. The Metaphorical Society: An Invitation to Social Theory. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2001. Print.

Umedi2016 (talk) 04:20, 24 February 2016 (UTC)

Outline Suggestion

 * Overview
 * Social conflict theories
 * 1) Primitive communism
 * 2) Ancient society
 * 3) Feudal society
 * 4) Capitalist society
 * See also
 * References
 * External links

Simple change of adding sub sections for the four main epochs spoken of, while adding more in depth detail on each one

Umedi2016 (talk) 04:36, 24 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Social conflict theory


text:
Leif Garrett (album)

Leif Garrett is the debut studio album by American singer-actor Leif Garrett, released in 1977 by Atlantic. Garrett had recorded the album at Atlantic Studios while staying in New York City, and released the album at the age of 15.

Personnel

 * Leif Garrett – vocals
 * Jay Graydon – guitars
 * Mitch Holder - guitars
 * Art Munson - guitars
 * Jim Hughart - bass guitar
 * Greg Mathieson - keyboards
 * Michael Lloyd - keyboards, backing vocals
 * John D'Andrea – saxophone
 * John Rosenberg - Horns
 * Sid Sharp - strings
 * Rick Schloßer - drums
 * Ron Krasinski - drums
 * Alan Estes - percussion
 * Jim Haas - backing vocals
 * Ron Hicklin - backing vocals
 * Stan Farber - backing vocals
 * Tom Bahler - backing vocals

Production
 * Michael Lloyd – producer, mixing
 * Humberto Gatica – engineer, mixing
 * John D'Andrea – arranger
 * John Rosenberg – director
 * Sid Sharp – director

title: Leif Garrett (album)


text:
Talk:Stardust

To elaborate on the value stuff I chopped - the previous version had Stardust HC as less valuable only than the Season of Mists hardback and Angels and Visitations. This isn't right - going rate for Stardust illustrated HC is about $45, substantially less than the Duran Duran bio (very rare, worth about $100 in paperback and $1,000 in hardback), the original BBC hardback of Neverwhere ($50-$100), the limited edition of Coraline ($50+), the UK hardback of Good Omens ($50+), and possibly the Doll's House, The Wake, and both Death hardcover collections, in addition to Season of Mists and Angels and Visitations. --AW

Would this perhaps work better with disambiguation, since the two are roughly equal importance and completely different? --AW

 * Sure; this could be changed to a disambiguation linking to "Stardust (song)" and "Stardust (novel)". -- Infrogmation 02:07 Feb 12, 2003 (UTC)

 * Works for me. If you don't fancy doing it, I will tomorrow. I'm going to bed. :) --AW

 * Looks good to me. Good work! -- Infrogmation

 * You too! Good job, us. =) --AW

help the earth
stardust is a good thing cause that is what stars are made from. there are nine planets that are going to be healthy. pluto might not be a planet anymore so write letters andmake it be a planet. when you throw trash in the air if you throw it high it will rotate around the earth. spacetrash is bad for the universe. be nice and help the earth. help the earth be happy and recycle. three is the magic number. reduce, reuse, recycle. have fun making earth a healthy planet. make the be healhy for your children. never let us down save the earth. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.57.117.24 (talk) 00:41, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Stardust


text:
User talk:G-Man

NOTE:If you post a question here I will usually (not always) reply here, as it is rather silly splitting discussions between different pages.

Archive

 * User talk:G-Man/Archive 1 Feb-Oct 2003
 * User talk:G-Man/Archive 2, Oct 2003-Sept 04
 * User talk:G-Man/Archive 3, Sept 2004-Feb 05
 * User talk:G-Man/Archive 4, Feb-June 2005
 * User talk:G-Man/Archive 5, June-Nov 2005
 * User talk:G-Man/Archive 6, Nov 2005-Feb 2007
 * User talk:G-Man/Archive 7, Feb-Oct 2007
 * User talk:G-Man/Archive 8, Oct 2007-Dec 2008

KANKER G-MAN I HEAT YOU

Stalking
Mmm, well, he doesn't actually seem to do anything except pick holes in other people's articles. I've not seen a single constructive contribution from him. At the moment, he's being ultra-careful, but if he starts again I will definitely report him. Deb (talk) 16:09, 20 December 2008 (UTC)
 * To Deb: I don't mind you reporting me or doing whatever, but "he doesn't actually seem to do anything except pick holes in other people's articles. I've not seen a single constructive contribution from him" is a bad-faith comment and not the type of comment that should be make, especially from an administrator. Dabomb87 (talk) 22:28, 21 January 2009 (UTC)

Date delinking arbitration
I've started a request at Requests for arbitration which you may wish to comment on. —Locke Cole • t • c 03:15, 10 January 2009 (UTC)

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File:Centenary Square, Birmingham.jpg is now available on Wikimedia Commons as Commons:File:Centenary Square -Birmingham -UK.jpg. This is a repository of free media that can be used on all Wikimedia wikis. The image will be deleted from Wikipedia, but this doesn't mean it can't be used anymore. You can embed an image uploaded to Commons like you would an image uploaded to Wikipedia, in this case:. Note that this is an automated message to inform you about the move. This bot did not copy the image itself. --Erwin85Bot (talk) 21:07, 13 January 2009 (UTC)
 * File:St Martin's church, Birmingham.jpg is now available as Commons:File:St Martins church -Birmingham -UK-1a.jpg. --Erwin85Bot (talk) 21:17, 13 January 2009 (UTC)
 * File:Curzon Street Station 2.jpg is now available as Commons:File:Curzon Street Station -Birmingham -UK (2).jpg. --Erwin85Bot (talk) 21:17, 13 January 2009 (UTC)

Thought you might be interested...
After seeing your comment here, I thought that this might be of interest to you. Dabomb87 (talk) 22:27, 21 January 2009 (UTC)

File:Birmingham council house.jpg
Hi G-man, I just found de:Datei:Rathaus-Birmingham.jpg, a picture you took, on the german wikipedia. It is also on commons (see above), but the license differs - on commons its PD, on german wikipedia it's tagged as GFDL. Both seem to be copied from here, do you still remember which license is correct? Probably the uploader on de.WP made a mistake. -- Lychee (talk) 14:01, 29 January 2009 (UTC)

 * I put it under PD. G-Man  ? 12:19, 16 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks a lot for this clarification! -- Lychee (talk) 22:05, 17 February 2009 (UTC)

File:Lansbury-george.jpg missing description details
Dear uploader: The media file you uploaded as File:Lansbury-george.jpg is missing a description and/or other details on its image description page. If possible, please add this information. This will help other editors to make better use of the image, and it will be more informative for readers.

If you have any questions please see Help:Image page. Thank you. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 00:00, 5 May 2009 (UTC)

Requests for arbitration/Date delinking/Proposed decision
Hello G-Man. This is just a quick note to inform you that you have been mentioned in the above proposed decision so you might wish to take a look at it. Regards,  Ryan Postlethwaite See the mess I've created or let's have banter 22:04, 17 May 2009 (UTC)

File source problem with File:Lansbury-george.jpg
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File permission problem with File:Beeching.jpg
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Leamington Spa
Hi ! An article you have been concerned with has now been significantly  overhauled to  bring  it in  line with  Wiki  policy, guidelines, and prose style. However, without first-hand subject  knowledge, the copyeditor may have left  some items or citations for further clarification. If you can help with these issues please see Talk:Leamington Spa, address the different points if you  can, and leave any  comments there. Thanks.

Request for arbitration: Date delinking amendment motion
A request to amend the dates delinking arbitration case (filed 19 July 2009) has resulted in a motion (filed 2 August 2009) that proposes to change the restrictions imposed on you as a result of the case. The proposed amendment would affect the restrictions pertaining to 16 editors, all of whom are now being notified of the proposed amendment. Given that the proposed amendment affects your restrictions, and further that the proposed amendment will restrict the filing of further proposed amendments for a period of 30 days, your input is invited at the amendments page. You may view an unofficial table of the proposed changes here. Comments from affected parties are currently being considered by the Arbitration Committee. If you would like the arbitrators who have already voted to reconsider their votes in light of your comments, please indicate that in your comments.

For the Arbitration Committee

Seddσn talk|WikimediaUK 03:31, 11 August 2009 (UTC)

Arbitration motion regarding Requests for arbitration/Date delinking
Per a motion at Arbitration/Requests/Amendment: Having considered all the requests for amendment and requests for clarification submitted following the decision in Requests for arbitration/Date delinking, the Arbitration Committee decides as follows:

 * (1) All remedies in the decision providing that a specified user is topic-banned from editing or discussing "style and editing guidelines" (or similar wording) are modified by replacing these words with the words "style and editing guidelines relating to the linking or unlinking of dates";
 * (2) All remedies in the decision providing that a specified user is "prohibited from reversion of changes which are principally stylistic, except where all style elements are prescribed in the applicable style guideline" are modified by replacing these words with the words "prohibited from reverting the linking or unlinking of dates";
 * (3) All editors whose restrictions are being narrowed are reminded to abide by all applicable policies and guidelines in their editing, so that further controversies such as the one that led to the arbitration case will not arise, and any disagreements concerning style guidelines can be addressed in a civil and efficient fashion;
 * (4) Any party who believes the Date delinking decision should be further amended may file a new request for amendment. To allow time to evaluate the effect of the amendments already made, editors are asked to wait at least 30 days after this motion is passed before submitting any further amendment requests.

On behalf of the Arbitration Committee, Tiptoety  talk 04:11, 17 August 2009 (UTC)

Discuss this i believe your penis is hort.

RedirectName listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Metroplitan district council. Since you had some involvement with the RedirectName redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion (if you have not already done so). Diwas (talk) 03:15, 21 January 2010 (UTC)

Requesting your opinion
Hi. I've started a discussion here. (Actually, it's a restart of a prior discussion that went cold; you can just scroll directly down to the first post I made today in that section if you want.) Can you offer your thoughts? I think it's very important. Thanks. Nightscream (talk) 01:52, 27 January 2010 (UTC)

File source problem with File:Edward Watkin.jpg
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Wall Street Crash listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Wall Street Crash. Since you had some involvement with the Wall Street Crash redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion (if you have not already done so). Jesse Viviano (talk) 19:26, 4 August 2010 (UTC)

Civil parishes in England
Hi. Civil parishes in England, an article you have contributed to,  has been reassessed to  C class from  Start  class. Apparently many  people watch  and/or visit  this page as an alternative to  the broader Civil parishes article. I've quickly scanned it  for needing  a possible copy  edit, but  it already  looks reasonably  good to  me. However, I did feel  it just needs a little attention such  as adding  more inline refs. It's not tagged or anything, but  if  you  can  help  ut  with  a source or two, it  would be much  appreciated. Perhaps from your other work  on  geography  articles, you  will  know where to  look, and we will  be able to  promote it  to 'B'.Kudpung (talk) 13:08, 28 August 2010 (UTC)

Suspension of admin privileges due to inactivity
Following a community discussion in June 2011, consensus was reached to provisionally suspend the administrative privileges of users who have been inactive for one year, meaning administrators who have made neither any edits nor any logged actions in over one year. As a result of this discussion, your administrative privileges have been removed pending your return. If you wish to have these privileges reinstated, please post to the Bureaucrats' noticeboard and the userright will be restored per the re-sysopping process (i.e., as long as the attending bureaucrats are reasonably satisfied that your account has not been compromised and that your inactivity did not have the effect of evading scrutiny of any actions which might have led to sanctions). This removal of access is procedural only, and not intended to reflect negatively upon you in any way. We wish you the best in future endeavors, and thank you for your past administrative efforts. RL0919 (talk) 21:25, 9 July 2011 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of File:WCML freight train.jpg

A tag has been placed on File:WCML freight train.jpg requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section F2 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is an image page for a missing or corrupt image or an empty image description page for a Commons-hosted image.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, contest the deletion by clicking on the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". Doing so will take you to the talk page where you will find a pre-formatted place for you to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. You can also visit the the page's talk page directly to give your reasons, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 10:16, 12 September 2011 (UTC)

Morris Motor Company
Hi G-man, you created the article that carries this name. Pleae tell me why you chose this name for the company known as Morris Motors Limited. I propose to have it changed. I thought I had better discuss it with you beforehand. So I'm leaving this message in case you are around. Looking forward to discussing this with you, regards, Eddaido (talk) 23:51, 20 March 2012 (UTC)

Courtesy message from WikiProject West Midlands
Hi there G-Man. You are registered with WikiProject West Midlands and we are cleaning our list of members. As you have not contributed to any page for over a year we have removed you as inactive. If you still want to participate in the project, just go back and move yourself into the active list. Thank you. Gavbadger (talk) 17:47, 2 November 2012 (UTC)

Notice of change
Hello. You are receiving this message because of a recent change to the administrator policy that alters what you were told at the time of your desysopping. The effect of the change is that you will not longer be able to request restoration of the tools because of your prior inactivity. You have until December 30, 2012 to request restoration or else the policy will prevent you from doing so in the future; you would need to seek a new WP:RFA. Until December 30, you can file a request at WP:BN for review by the crats. Thank you.  MBisanz  talk 04:22, 3 December 2012 (UTC)

(delivered by mabdul 23:24, 3 December 2012 (UTC))

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 08:52, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Richard Beeching.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:Richard Beeching.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in section F5 of the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Red rose64 🌹 (talk) 23:44, 25 February 2018 (UTC)

File source problem with File:Aneurin Bevan.jpg
Thank you for uploading File:Aneurin Bevan.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, please add a link to the page from which it was taken, together with a brief restatement of the website's terms of use of its content. If the original copyright holder is a party unaffiliated with the website, that author should also be credited. Please add this information by editing the image description page.

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Nomination of Birmingham International Airport (disambiguation) for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Birmingham International Airport (disambiguation) is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Birmingham International Airport (disambiguation) until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. feminist (talk) 07:12, 14 August 2020 (UTC)

Nomination of Labor Party (United States, 1996) for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Labor Party (United States, 1996) is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Labor Party (United States, 1996) until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Toa Nidhiki05 16:06, 23 March 2022 (UTC)

rugby photo
Hey G-man just curious about the photo you put in the Rugby page, when was that photo taken and do you have a higher quality version of it, also if you could reach out to me on twitter @iainlewis91 either by DM or directly — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A00:23C5:A305:8101:2980:9098:A880:8417 (talk) 17:40, 3 June 2022 (UTC)

"Nazism and socialism" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nazism_and_socialism&redirect=no Nazism and socialism] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Anyone, including you, is welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. Steel1943 (talk) 21:19, 31 January 2024 (UTC)

Half-life character?
Is G-Man from half-life? 1.2.177.114 (talk) 04:56, 3 May 2024 (UTC)

 * Nah is that from Skibidi Toilet? RaiaxUwUX3 (talk) 20:33, 21 May 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:G-Man


text:
Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Film

This is a list of films by year that have received an Academy Award together with the other nominations for best documentary short film. Following the Academy's practice, the year listed for each film is the year of release: the awards are announced and presented early in the following year. Copies of every winning film (along with copies of most nominees) are held by the Academy Film Archive. Fifteen films are shortlisted before nominations are announced.

Rules and eligibility
Per the recent rules of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), a Short Subject Documentary is defined as a nonfiction motion picture "dealing creatively with cultural, artistic, historical, social, scientific, economic or other subjects". It may be photographed in actual occurrence, or may employ partial reenactment, stock footage, stills, animation, stop-motion or other techniques, as long as the emphasis is on fact, and not on fiction. It must have a run time of no more than 40 minutes and released during a special eligibility period which may vary from year to year, but generally begins the month of October of the prior year and ends in September of the award year. (This eligibility differs from most other Academy Award categories which only includes films released between January and December of the award year.) The documentary's release must also occur within two years of the film's completion, and there are also rules governing the formatting of audio and video used to produce and exhibit the picture.

In addition, to be eligible the film must meet one of the following criteria:

 * complete a commercial showing of at least 7 days in either Los Angeles County, California or anywhere in New York City before being released to other non-theatrical venues such as DVD or TV; or
 * regardless of any public exhibition or nontheatrical release the film must have won a qualifying award at a competitive film festival, as specified by the Academy; or
 * win a Gold, Silver or Bronze Medal award in the Documentary category of the Academy's Student Academy Award Competition.

The film must run daily for seven days, open to the public for paid admission, and must be advertised in one of the city's major circulars during its run, with screening times included. Additionally, the film must be shown at least once during every day of its qualifying run. Unlike the Best Documentary Feature award, whose rules mandate at least one screening starting between noon and 10 pm local time on each day of the qualifying run, there is no restriction on the start time of any screening. The film must have narration or dialogue primarily in English or with English subtitles, and must be the whole of an original work. Partial edits from larger works and episodes from serialized films are not eligible.

Eligibility rules for prior years may have differed from these.

Nomination process
The Documentary Branch of the Academy first votes to select ten pictures for preliminary nomination, after which a second round of balloting is conducted to select the five documentary nominees. The entire Academy membership will then vote for one of these five for the Oscar. A maximum of two people involved with the production of the documentary may be nominated for the award, one of whom must be the film's credited director. One producer may also be nominated, but if more than one non-director producer is credited the Academy Documentary Branch will vet the producers to select the one they believe was most involved in the creation of the film.

Individuals with multiple wins

 * 3 wins
 * Charles Guggenheim

 * 2 wins
 * Malcolm Clarke
 * Walt Disney
 * Bill Guttentag
 * Robin Lehman
 * Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy
 * Ben Proudfoot

Studios with multiple wins

 * 4 wins
 * National Film Board of Canada

 * 3 wins
 * Walt Disney Productions

Individuals with multiple nominations

 * 9 nominations
 * Charles Guggenheim

 * 4 nominations
 * Karen Goodman
 * Freida Lee Mock

 * 3 nominations
 * George Casey
 * Walt Disney
 * Bill Guttentag
 * Thomas Lennon
 * The March of Time
 * Herbert Morgan
 * National Film Board of Canada
 * Steven Okazaki
 * Ben Proudfoot
 * DeWitt L. Sage Jr.
 * Terry Sanders
 * Kirk Simon
 * United States Office of War Information Overseas Motion Picture Bureau
 * Dick Young

 * 2 nominations
 * Jon Alpert
 * Lee R. Bobker
 * Kris Bowers
 * British Ministry of Information
 * Patrick Carey
 * Malcolm Clarke
 * Skye Fitzgerald
 * Roland Hallé
 * John Healy
 * Gordon Hollingshead
 * Bobby Houston
 * Daniel Junge
 * Steve Kalafer
 * Julian Krainin
 * Dan Krauss
 * Robin Lehman
 * Alec Lorimore
 * James R. Messenger
 * Greg MacGillivray
 * Mafilm Studio
 * Matthew O'Neill
 * Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy
 * Robert Richter
 * RKO Radio
 * Jay Rosenblatt
 * Eric Simonson
 * Truman Talley
 * Francis Thompson
 * United States Marine Corps
 * Vivienne Verdon-Roe
 * Cynthia Wade
 * Donald Wrye
 * Gerardine Wurzburg
 * Ruby Yang