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Buster Douglas

James "Buster" Douglas (born April 7, 1960) is an American former professional boxer who competed between 1981 and 1999. He reigned as undisputed world heavyweight champion in 1990 after knocking out Mike Tyson. He also defeated other heavyweight world champions Oliver McCall, Trevor Berbick, and Greg Page.

Douglas was a 27-4-1 underdog going into his 1990 fight against Tyson. Defying expectations, Douglas would knock out Tyson in the 10th round to claim the WBC, WBA, and IBF titles. He reigned as the world heavyweight champion for eight months until he was defeated by Evander Holyfield in his only title defense. Retiring shortly after the loss, Douglas returned to boxing between 1996 and 1999 until he retired a second and final time.

Early life
The son of professional boxer William "Dynamite" Douglas and Lula Pearl Douglas, Douglas grew up in Columbus, Ohio, in the predominantly black Linden neighborhood of Windsor Terrace. His father ran a gym at the Blackburn Recreation Center near Downtown Columbus and subsequently introduced young James to boxing (in the same way James would later bring his son Lamar to the same gym). He attended Linden McKinley High School, where he played football and basketball, leading Linden to a Class AAA state basketball championship in 1977. After high school, Douglas played basketball for the Coffeyville Community College Red Ravens in Coffeyville, Kansas, from 1977 to 1978; the 17-year-old was a 6'0" power forward. He is in the Coffeyville Community College Men's Basketball Hall of Fame. He also played basketball at Sinclair Community College from 1979 to 1980 in Dayton, Ohio, before attending Mercyhurst University on a basketball scholarship. He moved back to Columbus to focus on boxing.

Professional career
Douglas debuted on May 31, 1981, defeating Dan O'Malley in a four-round bout. He was managed by former Ohio State University assistant football coach John Johnson. Douglas won his first five fights before coming into a fight with David Bey weighing 20 pounds heavier than he usually had for his previous bouts. Bey handed Douglas his first defeat by knocking him out in the second round. After six more fights, all of which he won, Douglas fought Steffen Tangstad to a draw on October 16, 1982. He was penalized two points during the course of the fight, which proved to be the difference on the judges' scorecards.

After the draw, Douglas beat largely journeyman fighters for the next 14 months. Two of his wins were knockouts of Jesse Clark, whom Douglas had also stopped in 1981. Douglas needed just seven total rounds of fighting in the three bouts combined to score the three KOs. In his last fight of 1983, Douglas was dominating opponent Mike White, but White knocked him out in the ninth round.

On November 9, 1984, Douglas was scheduled to face heavyweight contender Trevor Berbick in Las Vegas. Berbick withdrew from the bout three days before it was to take place; Randall "Tex" Cobb elected to take the fight on short notice in Berbick's stead. Douglas defeated the former heavyweight contender by majority decision. The next year, he fought up-and-coming contender Jesse Ferguson. Douglas fought just three times in 1986, defeating former champion Greg Page and fringe contender David Jaco in two of the bouts. This earned him a shot at the International Boxing Federation championship that was stripped from Michael Spinks for refusing to defend it against Tony Tucker. Douglas started well against Tucker and was ahead on points, but he ran out of stamina and suffered a technical knockout in the tenth round.

After the Tucker defeat and a series of disagreements, James split with his father; the Douglas family was shattered. James started business from scratch and hand-picked another team for himself, particularly a new trainer. This helped him win his next four fights. After the false start in 1984, Douglas finally fought Berbick in 1989, winning a unanimous decision. He followed that up with a unanimous decision victory over future heavyweight champion Oliver McCall, which earned him a shot at Mike Tyson for the undisputed heavyweight championship. Tyson became the universally recognized champion after knocking out Spinks in one round in 1988. (Douglas fought on the undercard of that event, defeating Mike Williams by seventh-round TKO.)

Undisputed heavyweight champion
The Tyson fight was scheduled for February 11, 1990 at the Tokyo Dome in Tokyo. Almost all observers assumed that the bout would be another quick knockout for the champion; no fighter had taken Tyson beyond the fifth round since 1987. Many thought it was a tune-up for Tyson before a future mega-fight with undefeated Evander Holyfield, who had recently moved up to heavyweight after becoming the first undisputed world cruiserweight champion in the history of that weight class. Douglas's chances of lasting deep into the fight against Tyson, let alone winning, were so lightly regarded that only one Las Vegas betting parlor even bothered to establish odds for the fight. That lone casino, the Mirage, made Douglas a 42-to-1 underdog.

Douglas's mother, Lula Pearl, died of a stroke 23 days before the title bout at the age of 46. Douglas had promised his mother that he would beat Mike Tyson before she had passed away. Douglas, who had trained hard, surprised the world by dominating the fight from the beginning, using his 12-inch reach advantage to perfection. He seemingly hit Tyson at will with jabs and right hands and danced out of range of Tyson's punches. The champion had not taken Douglas seriously, expecting another easy knockout victory just as the overwhelming majority of neutral observers had. He was slow, declining his usual strategy of moving his head and slipping his way inside. Rather, Tyson set his feet and threw big, lunging hooks in efforts to stop Douglas with one punch.

By the fifth round, Tyson's left eye was swelling shut from Douglas's many right hands and ringside HBO announcers proclaimed it was the most punishment they had ever seen the champion absorb. Larry Merchant memorably added, "Well, if Mike Tyson -- who loves pigeons -- was looking for a pigeon in this bout, he hasn't found him." Tyson's cornermen appeared to be unprepared for the suddenly dire situation. They had not brought an endswell or an ice pack to the fight, so they were forced to fill a latex glove with cold tap water and hold it over Tyson's swelling eye. The eye would swell almost completely shut by the end of the fight.

In the eighth round, Tyson landed a right uppercut that knocked Douglas down. The referee's count created controversy as Douglas was on his feet when the referee reached nine, but the official knockdown timekeeper was two seconds ahead. In the ring, however, the final arbiter of the ten-count is the referee, and a comparison with the count issued to Tyson two rounds later revealed that both fighters had received long counts.

Tyson came out aggressively in the ninth round and continued his attempts to end the fight with one big punch, hoping Douglas was still hurt from the eighth-round knockdown. Both men traded punches before Douglas landed a combination that staggered Tyson back to the ropes. With Tyson hurt and dazed, Douglas unleashed a vicious attack to try to finish him off but, amazingly, Tyson withstood the barrage and barely survived the round.

In the tenth round, the damage Douglas had inflicted upon Tyson finally began to take its toll on the champion. Douglas dominated the round from the outset. While setting Tyson up with his jab, Douglas scored a huge uppercut that snapped Tyson's head upward. He followed with a rapid four-punch combination to the head, knocking Tyson down for the first time in the champion's career. Tyson struggled to his knees and picked up his mouthpiece, which was lying on the mat next to him. He awkwardly tried to place it back into his mouth. The image of Tyson's mouthpiece hanging crookedly from his lips would become an enduring image from the fight. He was unable to beat the referee's ten-count, and Douglas was the new world heavyweight champion.

As Douglas said in an interview years later, “I thought Tyson was getting up until I had seen him looking for that mouth piece and then I knew that he was really hurt. So anytime you know you only got ten seconds to get up so you aren’t going to worry about anything but just getting up first. So when I had seen him looking around for that mouth piece I knew he was really hurt.”

Douglas's joy over the victory soon turned to confusion and anger as manager John Johnson informed him in the dressing room that Tyson and Don King were lodging an official protest about the referee's knockdown count in the eighth round. A week later, during a television interview, Douglas said that the protest and the post-fight confusion ruined what should have been the best time of his life.

Losing the title
Although the IBF immediately recognized Douglas as its champion, the WBA and WBC initially refused due to Tyson's protest. However, Tyson withdrew his protest four days later amid worldwide public outcry and demands from boxing commissions around the world, and Douglas was officially recognized as undisputed heavyweight champion.

While still champion, Douglas appeared on the February 23, 1990 episode of the World Wrestling Federation's The Main Event III, as special guest referee for a rematch between Hulk Hogan and "Macho Man" Randy Savage. Originally, Tyson was scheduled to be the guest referee, but following the upset, the WWF rushed to sign on Douglas for the event. At the end of the match, Douglas was provoked into a kayfabe punch and knockout of Savage, who was the heel wrestler in the match.

The defeated Tyson clamored for a rematch and Douglas was offered more money than he had ever made for a fight. Not wanting to deal with Tyson's camp or his promoter Don King, Douglas decided to make his first defense against #1 contender Evander Holyfield, who had watched the new champion dethrone Tyson from ringside in Tokyo. Douglas went into the October 25, 1990 fight at 246 pounds, 15 pounds heavier than he was for the Tyson match and also the heaviest he had weighed in for a fight since a 1985 bout with Dion Simpson, in which he tipped the scale at just over 247 pounds.

Douglas came out rather sluggish, and was thoroughly dominated by Holyfield during the first two rounds. In the third round Douglas attempted to hit Holyfield with a hard uppercut that he telegraphed. Holyfield avoided the uppercut and knocked an off-balance Douglas to the canvas with a straight right to the chin. Douglas merely lay flat on his back, motionless and disoriented, as referee Mills Lane stopped the fight. Buster Douglas retired after that bout.

Later career
Douglas vs Holyfield was a reported $24.6 million payday for Douglas. Doing little for the next several years, Douglas gained weight, reaching nearly 400 pounds. It was only after he nearly died during a diabetic coma that he decided to attempt a return to the sport. He went back into training and made a comeback. He was successful at first, winning six straight fights, but his comeback almost came to a halt in a 1997 disqualification win over journeyman Louis Monaco. In a bizarre ending, Monaco landed a right hand, just after the bell ending round one, that knocked Douglas to the canvas. Douglas was unable to continue after a five-minute rest period and was consequently awarded the win by disqualification (on account of Monaco's illegal punch).

A fight with light-heavyweight champion Roy Jones Jr. was touted in the late 1990s, although ultimately fell through. In 1998, having bounced back into a minor stardom, Douglas was knocked out in the first round of a fight with heavyweight contender Lou Savarese, for the lightly regarded IBA heavyweight title. Douglas subsequently had two more fights, winning both, and retired in 1999 with a final record of 38–6–1.

In the media
Douglas made a guest appearance in the 1990s cop show Street Justice.

Douglas made his feature film acting debut in the Artie Knapp science fiction comedy film Pluto's Plight.

The 1988 arcade game Final Blow was released as James 'Buster' Douglas Knockout Boxing in 1990 for the Master System and Sega Genesis, which replaced one of the fictional fighters with Douglas. This game is considered as a response to Nintendo's Mike Tyson's Punch-Out!!, especially since Tyson lost to Douglas, which Sega took advantage in order to promote their early "Genesis does what Nintendon't" advertisements – an advertising campaign in which Douglas frequently participated.

In 1995, HBO aired Tyson, a television movie based upon the life of Mike Tyson. Douglas was portrayed by actor Duane Davis.

On February 23, 1990, Douglas made a special appearance as a guest referee on WWF's The Main Event III in a match-up between Hulk Hogan and "Macho Man" Randy Savage. Mike Tyson was originally scheduled to be the special guest referee, but this changed following Douglas's knockout title win over Tyson just under two weeks before, on February 11.

Douglas's upset against Tyson is the inspiration for The Killers' song "Tyson vs Douglas" from their Wonderful Wonderful album. Singer songwriter Brandon Flowers used the childhood memory of watching the seemingly invincible Tyson lose, as the motivation for a song that's about "me and my family, and the way I’m perceived by my kids. I don’t want them to see me go down like Tyson".

Honors
Douglas is one of the few non-students to be honored by Ohio State University with the opportunity to dot the "i" during the performance of the Script Ohio by The Ohio State University Marching Band.

title: Buster Douglas


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Julius Wellhausen

Julius Wellhausen (17 May 1844 – 7 January 1918) was a German biblical scholar and orientalist. In the course of his career, his research interest moved from Old Testament research through Islamic studies to New Testament scholarship. Wellhausen contributed to the composition history of the Pentateuch/Torah and studied the formative period of Islam. For the former, he is credited as one of the originators of the documentary hypothesis.

Biography
Wellhausen was born at Hamelin in the Kingdom of Hanover. The son of a Protestant pastor, he later studied theology at the University of Göttingen under Georg Heinrich August Ewald and became Privatdozent for Old Testament history there in 1870. In 1872, he was appointed professor ordinarius of theology at the University of Greifswald. However, he resigned from the faculty in 1882 for reasons of conscience, stating in his letter of resignation: "I became a theologian because the scientific treatment of the Bible interested me; only gradually did I come to understand that a professor of theology also has the practical task of preparing the students for service in the Protestant Church, and that I am not adequate to this practical task, but that instead despite all caution on my own part I make my hearers unfit for their office. Since then my theological professorship has been weighing heavily on my conscience."

He became professor extraordinarius of oriental languages in the faculty of philology at Halle, was elected professor ordinarius at Marburg in 1885 and was transferred to Göttingen in 1892, where he stayed until his death.

Among theologians and biblical scholars, he is best known for his book, Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels (Prolegomena to the History of Israel); his work in Arabic studies (specifically, the magisterial work entitled The Arab Kingdom and its Fall) remains celebrated, as well. After a detailed synthesis of existing views on the origins of the first five books of the Bible, Wellhausen aimed at placing the development of these books into a historical and social context. The resulting argument, called the documentary hypothesis, became the dominant model for many biblical scholars and remained so for most of the 20th century.

According to Alan Levenson, Wellhausen considered theological anti-Judaism, as well as antisemitism, to be normative.

Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels and documentary hypothesis
Wellhausen was famous for his critical investigations into Old Testament history and the composition of the Hexateuch. He is perhaps best known for his Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels (1883, first published in 1878 as Geschichte Israels) in which he advanced a definitive formulation of the documentary hypothesis. It argues that the Torah had its origins in a redaction of four originally-independent texts dating from several centuries after the time of Moses, their traditional author.

Wellhausen's hypothesis remained the dominant model for Pentateuchal studies until the last quarter of the 20th century, when it began to be advanced by other biblical scholars who saw more and more hands at work in the Torah and ascribed them to periods even later than Wellhausen had proposed. The emergence of conflicting answers which, by statistics, display certain similarities is better known empirically as 'spurious results'.

Regarding his sources, Wellhausen described Wilhelm de Wette as "the epoch-making opener of the historical criticism of the Pentateuch." In 1806, De Wette provided an early, coherent mapping of the Old Testament writings of the J, E, D, and P, authors. He was so far ahead of his time, however, that he was soon cast out of his university post. Young Julius Wellhausen largely continued the work of de Wette, and transformed those studies into historical monuments.

Other works
A select list of his works are as follows:

 * De gentibus et familiis Judaeis (Göttingen, 1870)
 * Der Text der Bücher Samuelis untersucht (Göttingen, 1871)
 * Die Phariseer und Sadducäer, a classic treatise upon this subject (Greifswald, 1874)
 * Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels (Berlin, 1882; 3rd ed., 1886; Eng. trans., Edinburgh, 1883, 1891; 5th German edition, 1899; first published in 1878 as Geschichte Israels; English translation Prolegomena to the History of Ancient Israel, Forgotten Books, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60620-205-0. Also available on Project Gutenberg )
 * Muhammed in Medina, a translation of Al-Waqidi (Berlin, 1882)
 * Die Composition des Hexateuchs und der historischen Bücher des Alten Testaments (1876/77, 3rd ed. 1899)
 * Israelitische und jüdische Geschichte (1894, 4th ed. 1901)
 * Reste arabischen Heidentums (1897)
 * Das arabische Reich und sein Sturz, in its time the standard modern account of Umayyad history (1902), English translation The Arab Kingdom and its Fall (1927)
 * Urdu Translation: "Saltanat e Arab Aur Uska Suqoot".
 * Skizzen und Vorarbeiten (1884–1899)
 * Medina vor dem Islam (1889)
 * New and revised editions of Friedrich Bleek's Einleitung in das Alte Testament (4–6, 1878–1893).
 * Die kleinen Propheten, a critical brochure (1902)
 * “The Book of Psalms” in Sacred Books of the Old Testament (Leipzig, 1895; Eng. trans., 1898)

In 1906 Die christliche Religion, mit Einschluss der israelitisch-jüdischen Religion appeared, in collaboration with Adolf Jülicher, Adolf Harnack and others. He also produced less influential work as a New Testament commentator, publishing Das Evangelium Marci, übersetzt und erklärt in 1903, Das Evangelium Matthäi and Das Evangelium Lucae in 1904, and Einleitung in die drei ersten Evangelien in 1905.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Julius Wellhausen


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Talk:Cape Canaveral

Name
Cape Canaveral named Cape Kennedy. Why was it changed back?

People didn't like the name

Something is messed up here with redirects: but
 * Talk:Cape Canaveral -> Talk:Cape Cañaveral (place)
 * Cape Cañaveral (place) -> Cape Canaveral

It appears the article name is right. I'm going to fix the talk page. -- Chuq 15:02, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

I find the statement 'third-oldest European place name in the US' to be disputable since two place names in Puerto Rico: "San Juan" (1493; later restricted to mean just the capital of its namesake island) and "Caparra" (1508) are still currently in use (and are in the United States). Note that St._Augustine,_Florida article correctly articulates the 'continental' distinction in its claims. Vaughnsc (talk) 14:54, 23 May 2017 (UTC)

Weather question
The article gave reasons as to why it was built in Florida, but why didn't they take into account to frequent bad weather that is typical of Florida? It seems like every launch is delayed at least once due to weather, which is a huge waste of taxpayer money. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.240.182.65 (talk • contribs)
 * Location, location, location. And no place has perfect weather. -- Donald Albury 22:49, 5 September 2006 (UTC)
 * The weather is better in Florida than in most places. Shuttle launches are just very sensitive.  If you had it out in the desert somewhere, you might be better off, but there aren't any deserts as far south in the continental US.  Lattitude is a big concern, and putting all the parts on boats every time you send new equipment in or the shuttle has to land at an alternate site would be a nightmare. Athaler 07:38, 15 November 2006 (UTC)
 * The article makes clear that you need a site that faces the ocean to the east and is as close as possible to the Equator, and that logistics make Hawaii and Puerto Rico impractical. Mainland US + east cost + closest to equator = Florida. No other option. Also, as the article on Challenger disaster notes, "31 °F (−0.5 °C), the minimum temperature permitted for launch." Afternoon thunderstorms in the summer, with the occasional attendant hail, are the trade-off for hardly ever having sub-freezing temperatures. Also, some delays are due to wind beyond the permitted limits. Not many places are totally wind-free, especially near the ocean. (See Sea breeze. The US's deserts are in the western third of the country. Launching eastward, which is done for the reasons in the article (Earth's spin), puts the rocket's path over 2/3 of the US land, much of it heavily inhabited. The article on Vandenberg Air Force Base notes that a Space Shuttle launch facility was planned and started there. Its Southern California location has frequent coastal fog, but much less rain than Florida and vastly fewer thunderstorms. The Challenger disaster pointed out the risk of launching eastward over the entire mainland US, so the Vandenberg Shuttle plan was abandoned. Vandenberg is still used for ballistic-missile tests (where the help of Earth's spin to get to orbit is irrelevant, so you can launch over the ocean to the west) and for polar-orbit launches, where Cape Canaveral would have to launch north across the heavily-populated eastern US. You can't have everything! Unimaginative Username (talk) 06:57, 28 November 2007 (UTC)

Cape Canaveral is not home to KSC
It is a common misconception that the Kennedy Space Center is in Cape Canaveral. This is not true. While launch pads 39A and 39B are accross the Banana river on Cape Canaveral, the entire Kennedy Space Center is on Merritt Island, including it's headquarters. Cape Canaveral became known only because the launch pads for the Shuttles and previous launch vehicles are across the Banana river on an isolated strip of land that is considered Cape Canaveral. 130.76.96.14 18:25, 16 March 2007 (UTC)jkrup44
 * Not quite. Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, which actually *is* on Cape Canaveral, was and still is the site of unmanned launches, long before KSC existed. This map shows the several dozen launch sites on CCAFS/Cape Canaveral. Note that Launch Site 46 is practically on the very tip of the Cape itself. Unimaginative Username (talk) 07:07, 28 November 2007 (UTC)

Citation Needed?
The article says this and someone says that a citation is needed. "The "Cape Kennedy" name shows up in some 1960s TV shows, at least in episodes of "Flipper" and "I Dream of Jeannie".[citation needed]" Isn't this sort of ridiculous considering the fact that that the citation is the shows themselves. If the article says the name "Cape Kennedy" appeared in these shows, how could there be further citation? All one has to do it refer to the shows. Mirlin 21:47, 4 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Please see Verifiability, No original research and Reliable sources. -- Donald Albury 23:18, 4 October 2006 (UTC)
 * This comment is conserning what happens on TV. As such, it should be treated like an article on a TV show, following the rules that statements about TV shows follow.  When you write about a TV show it is not needed to site sources other than the TV show for something that happened on the TV show.  I see no need for a citation here.  The TV shows are the citations for the comment.  I will remove it, and if anyone still thinks it should be there then they can put that back, or find a source for it themselves (though I don't know where a citation could posibly be found on this.) SadanYagci 23:31, 19 February 2007 (UTC)
 * I have reverted your removal of the 'fact' tag. Please do not ever remove such tags without supplying a citation to a reliable source. Please read Verifiability. If no independent reliable source has written about the items, then they do not meet the verifiability policy, and don't belong in Wikipedia. -- Donald Albury 23:50, 20 February 2007 (UTC)
 * It's not original research to say "X" was mentioned in a particular TV show, any more than it would be to say a particular actor starred in a TV show. The source there would be the TV show itself, in the credits, and that's no more original research than taking various statistics and forming them into a list, or subtracting two figures to say something like "the city lost X people between the 1990 and 2000 census". That's not what the original research policy prohibits. As for verifiability and reliable sources, what more reliable source is there for a TV show than the show itself? Anyone can watch the show (just as they can look up something in a book) and verify that the term is mentioned in the show. The citation tags here aren't needed. PaulGS 18:45, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't think the TV show "Flipper" was set at the Space Coast, as claimed.Eregli bob (talk) 11:50, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

People Living On Canaveral?
Just one question: do people live on Cape Canaveral or no? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 76.16.151.77 (talk) 02:47, 26 February 2007 (UTC).
 * Depends on how you define the area of the cape. People certainly live in Cape Canaveral, Florida. -- Donald Albury 22:48, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

Of course! Cape canaveral is a thriving city, with many hotels, condos, restraunts, bars, businesses, and of course beaches. The remote area where launches take place is in an isolated area, accessible only from the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, or the Kennedy Space Center. Port Canaveral, which is in Cape Canaveral is home to many cruise ships too.

Fair use rationale for Image:The Simpsons 1F13 Cape Canaveral sign.jpg
Image:The Simpsons 1F13 Cape Canaveral sign.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 02:34, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Area code
While the trivia bit about the area code might be appropriate in the Cape Canaveral, Florida or Kennedy Space Center articles, I don't think it belongs in this article. In fact, the only place I think it is really appropriate (and not just trivia) is in the Area code 321 article (where it is only alluded to without a source). This article is about the geographical feature, and we don't include area codes for such. -- Donald Albury 14:14, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

Demographics don't add up
"As of the census[7] of 2000, ... The racial makeup of the city was 94.7% White, 12.3% African American, 0.9% Native American, 3.6% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 5.5% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.5% of the population."

These add to 132%. even after considering "Latino of any race were 12.5%" it's 119.5%. What's up with that? Grammarmonger (talk) 18:12, 18 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Someone had apparently mixed up percentages for the city and for the US as a whole. I corrected and added a cite to the source. -- Donald Albury 22:12, 18 August 2009 (UTC)

 * I wasn't paying enough attention, this article is about the geographical feature, not the city, so I just removed the demographics, etc. that apply only to the city. -- Donald Albury 22:16, 18 August 2009 (UTC)

"Town" of Artesia
I doubt that there was a "town" called Artesia and this was the name for all of Cape Canaveral which is what the text suggests. Until 1953 and maybe after, there was an "Artesia" post office where then then "A1A" road came closest to the harbor. So that little area, along with a couple of houses, might have been called "Artesia." But not what now is called Cape Canaveral (and maybe even then. Cape Canaveral isn't new either!).

Etymology
I find it strange that the article does not mention the origin of the name Canaveral. It comes from the spanish "cañaveral" which means sugar cane field. Should I just add a blurb in the intro? Any suggestions?Markeilz (talk) 23:01, 19 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Need to track that this was why the name Canaveral was used and not named after something else. Be nice to have footnote. If this common, there should be a reference somewhere. Student7 (talk) 16:24, 21 April 2010 (UTC)

 * 1775 Thomas Jefferys map spells the name "Cape Cannaveral". 108.173.94.58 (talk) 23:51, 21 January 2014 (UTC)

 * It wasn't until the end of the 1700s the Spanish digraph 'nn' morphed into the 'ñ' ligature (if you squint, the 'tilde' is a stylised, flattened n') See Ñ. Other Romance languages still use digraphs: e.g. 'nh' 'gn' to represent the sound: 'piranha' 'lasagna'. As such, not inconsistent to see it used in 'nn' form Vaughnsc (talk) 14:35, 23 May 2017 (UTC)

These need to be rewritten: These are sentence fragments.
The Timucuans and Ays Indians [2] were there when the Spanish arrived.[3] The Onathaqua tribe or village was in the area. They were in alliance with the Calusa in 1564. They may have been part of the Ais tribe.[4]

 * I appreciate that this may seem jerky. Note that they are all cited (with your help). The problem we have with any initial native American contact is verification. So little was recorded soon enough. The records all say Timucuans were "as far south as Cape Canaveral." Does that mean they strayed into what is now the city of Cape Canaveral. I, like you, doubt it, but we just can't prove otherwise. Little is "smooth" when we discuss North American natives. Sometimes we have better info on the Mayans, Incas and Aztecs, and maybe Mississippi culture. Just not relatively small tribes or ones that died out too early to have their history recorded in some scholarly manner. Student7 (talk) 19:56, 22 June 2012 (UTC)

 * It is definitely murky. John H. Hann, in Indians of Central and South Florida 1513-1763, notes that the southern limit of the Timucua along the coast depends on the affiliation of the Surruque, who lived near the Mosquito Lagoon. While most authorities count the Surruque as Timucua, Hann notes that, "there is evidence to suggest, although not definitively, that the Surruque are related to the Ais rather than the Timucua" (page 6). To complicate that, Hann has a map (page 13) showing the Ais extending north of Cape Canaveral, with the Surruque along the coast near present day Daytona Beach. I would suggest that we do not know enough to say which tribe lived around the cape in the 16th and 17th centuries. -- Donald Albury 15:32, 25 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the information. You appear to have vastly more reliable information than the rest of us. If you think any changes should be made, I hope you will do so. Student7 (talk) 22:04, 27 June 2012 (UTC)

 * I replaced that material with new material based on recent scholarship. I will note that the "Onathaqua tribe or village" probably refers to the "Onatheaqua" reported by the French to be living in north central Florida, which Hann thinks were the Northern Utina or the Arapaha, a branch of the Timucua living in southern Georgia.(John H. Hann, A History of the Timucua Indians and Missions, pp. 18-19) -- Donald Albury 12:29, 5 July 2012 (UTC)

This page is completely outdated the space shuttle program was shut down in 2010. please upedate this page! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.108.201.92 (talk) 04:43, 15 November 2012 (UTC)

Former kscvisit.com circularity
This article cited a deadlink, http://kscvisit.com/cape-canaveral.html. I went in to fix it and edited it to point to an archive on Wayback Machine on archive.org.

But looking more closely at it, it seems obvious that this former site is just an unacknowledged copy of an old version of this article, i.e. citogenesis. The wording is very similar, but this passage, at the source, clinches it:

 * Jacqueline Kennedy also stated if she had known that the Canaveral name had existed for 400 years, she never would have supported changing the name.[citation needed]

With "[citation needed]", it seems clear to have been copied from Wikipedia, not the other way around.

It's used to support four different sections, so a replacement cite needs to cover all those bases, or else the interdependency needs to be unwound. TJRC (talk) 00:37, 27 February 2015 (UTC)

Alleged metonymy is OR
This sentence from the lead is not verified in the article body:

Just because people get confused and conflate one thing for the other, that does not mean they are metonyms (like Hollywood, Wall Street, or the White House). JustinTime55 (talk) 21:49, 27 June 2016 (UTC)

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_testing
how long would a cat survive? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:C7D:DE7B:6100:81FD:CC2E:E8EF:FAF (talk) 00:54, 30 June 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cape Canaveral


text:
Hermann Sudermann

Hermann Sudermann (30 September 1857 – 21 November 1928) was a German dramatist and novelist.

Early career
Sudermann was born at Matzicken, a village to the east of Heydekrug in the Province of Prussia (now Macikai, in southwestern Lithuania), close to the Russian frontier. The Sudermanns were a Mennonite family from the Vistula delta Mennonite communities near the former Elbing, East Prussia, (now Elbląg, Poland).

His father owned a small brewery in Heydekrug, and Sudermann received his early education at the Realschule in Elbing, where he lived with his relatives and attended the Mennonite church where his uncle was the minister. His parents having been reduced in circumstances, he was apprenticed to a chemist at the age of 14. He was, however, able to enter the Realgymnasium (high school) in Tilsit, and to study philosophy and history at Königsberg University.

In order to complete his studies Sudermann went to Berlin, where he was tutor to several families, including the family of the author Hans Hopfen (1835–1904). Next he became a journalist, and was in 1881 and 1882 the co-editor of the Deutsches Reichsblatt. He then devoted himself to fiction, beginning with a collection of naturalistic short stories called Im Zwielicht ("At Twilight", 1886), and the novels Frau Sorge ("Dame Care", 1887), Geschwister ("Siblings", 1888) and Der Katzensteg ("Cats' Bridge", 1890). These works failed to bring the young author as much recognition as his first drama, Die Ehre ("Honour", 1889), which inaugurated a new period in the history of the German stage. This play, originally intended to be a tragedy, but on Blumenthal's advice given a "happy ending," was a pseudo-Nietzschean attack on the morality of the lowly.

He married the novelist Clara Lauckner (1861–1924), née Schulz on 20 October 1891 and lived with his family in Berlin-Wannsee. She was a widow and already had three children from her previous short-lived marriage, and she then had one child with Sudermann: a daughter, Hede. They lived in Königsberg for the next two years, before moving to Dresden and then Berlin in 1895.

Fame
He had a large following in Japan. During the 20th century, his plays were the basis of more than 30 films.

Heimat (1893), another successful drama, was translated into English as Magda (1896). In this play, Sudermann emphasizes the right of the artist to a freer moral life than that of the petty bourgeoisie. It has some of the moralistic and didactic tendency of the later French dramatists, especially the younger Dumas, and all of their technical finesse. Productions featured some of the best known actresses of the time, including Helena Modjeska, Sarah Bernhardt, Eleonora Duse, and Mrs Patrick Campbell.

In 1894 Sudermann returned to novels with Es War (the title referring to Section 2, §1 of Nietzsche's Unzeitgemässe Betrachtungen), a protest against the fruitlessness of brooding repentance. In 1902, he moved to a mansion with extensive grounds at Blankensee, and used his new-found wealth to collect paintings and sculpture, and to take trips to Italy, Greece, Egypt and India. At the commencement of World War I, Sudermann was enthusiastic, publishing a Kaiserlied ("Song of the Kaiser"). In autumn 1917, he organised the Frohe Abende ("Cheery Evenings"), a program promoting artistic endeavors among the common people, for which he received an Iron Cross Second Class on 5 April 1918. After the end of the war, he helped found the Bund schaffender Künstler ("Society of Creative Artists"), which posed as a centrist political force and which earned him the reputation of an opportunist.

The most important of his later works are Litauische Geschichten ("Lithuanian Stories", 1917, translated as The Excursion to Tilsit), a realistic portrait of his homeland, and a volume of memoirs in 1922. His last major work, written after the death of his wife in 1924, was Die Frau des Steffen Tromholt ("The Wife of Steffen Tromholt", 1927), a semi-autobiographical novel, which turned into a movie in 1929 titled Wonder of Women. He had a stroke in 1928, and died of a lung infection shortly afterwards, in Berlin, aged 71. His stepson Rolf Lauckner set up the Hermann Sudermann Foundation to support young dramatists.

Posthumous reputation
Sudermann's nationalism, and his delight in romanticized ideas of ethnicity and homeland, particularly noticeable in his later works, made him a favorite during World War II. Jürgen Fehling staged Johannisfeuer in Berlin, with Maria Gorvin, Maria Koppenhöfer and Paul Wegener in the lead roles. The film Die Reise nach Tilsit was based on his short story of the same title.

After 1945, his plays and novels were almost completely forgotten. He mainly is remembered today for his Lithuanian stories, for his autobiography, and for the 1927 silent films Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans, based on his short story Die Reise nach Tilsit ("The Excursion to Tilsit"), from the Collection Litauische Geschichten (Lithuanian Stories), The Song of Songs, starring Marlene Dietrich, based on his novel Das Hohe Lied and Flesh and the Devil, starring Greta Garbo, based on his novel The Undying Past.

Works

 * Im Zwielicht: Zwanglose Geschichten ("At Twilight", short stories, 1886)
 * Frau Sorge ("Dame Care", novel, 1887; translated by Bertha Overbeck (1857-1928) in 1891)
 * Geschwister: Zwei Novellen ("Siblings: Two Stories", novellas, 1888)
 * Die Geschichte der stillen Mühle ("The Tale of the Idle Millstone", novella)
 * Der Wunsch ("The Wish", novella; translated by Lily Henkel (1860-1933) in 1894)
 * Die Ehre ("Honour", play, 1889/91)
 * Der Katzensteg ("Cats' Bridge", novel, 1890; translated by Beatrice Marshall (1861-1944) in 1898 as "Regina or the Sins of the Fathers")
 * Sodoms Ende ("Sodom's End", play, 1891), a tragedy of artistic life in Berlin
 * Jolanthes Hochzeit ("Iolanthe's Wedding", novel, 1892; translated by Adele S. Seltzer (d.1940) in 1918), a humorous novel which breathes the serener realism of common life
 * Heimat ("Homeland", play, 1893; translated by C. E. A. Winslow in 1896 as "Magda")
 * Es War ("It Was", novel, 1894; translated by Beatrice Marshall in 1906 as "The Undying Past")
 * Die Schmetterlingsschlacht ("Battle of the Butterflies", comedy play, 1895) (Digital edition from 1904 by the University and State Library Düsseldorf)
 * Das Glück im Winkel ("Happiness in a Quiet Corner", 1896)
 * Morituri (three one-act plays, 1896)
 * Teja, Fritzchen, Das Ewig-Männlich ("The Eternal Masculine")
 * Johannes (tragic play about John the Baptist, 1898)
 * Die drei Reiherfedern ("Three Heron-Feathers", play, 1899)
 * Drei Reden ("Three Lectures", 1900)
 * Johannisfeuer (Fires of St. John, 1900)
 * Es lebe das Leben! ("Let Life Live!", 1902; translated by Edith Wharton in 1903 as "The Joy of Living")
 * Verrohung der Theaterkritik (1902)
 * Der Sturmgeselle Sokrates ("Stormfellow Socrates", comedic play, 1903)
 * Die Sturmgesellen: Ein Wort zur Abwehr ("Stormfellows: a Defence", essay, 1903)
 * Stein unter Steinen ("Stone Among Stones", 1905)
 * Das Blumenboot ("The Flower Boat", 1905)
 * Rosen ("Roses", four one-act plays, 1907; translated by Grace Frank in 1912, the last with the title "The Faraway Princess")
 * Die Lichtbänder ("Streaks of Light")
 * Margot
 * Der letzte Besuch ("The Last Visit")
 * Die Feen-Prinzessin ("The Fairy Princess")
 * Das hohe Lied ("The Song of Songs", novel, 1908; translated by Thomas Seltzer (1875-1943) in 1910 and by Edward Sheldton in 1914)
 * Strandkinder ("Beach Children", 1909)
 * Der Bettler von Syrakus ("The Beggar of Syracuse", 1911)
 * Die indische Lilie ("The Indian Lily", short story, 1911; translated by L. Lewisohn in 1911)
 * Der gute Ruf ("The Good Name", 1912)
 * Die Lobgesänge des Claudian ("Hymns to Claudian", 1914)
 * Die entgötterte Welt ("The Godless World", 1915)
 * Litauische Geschichten ("Lithuanian Stories", short stories, 1917; reprinted 1984, 1985, 1989), translated by Lewis Galantière in 1930 as The Excursion to Tilsit
 * Die Reise nach Tilsit
 * Miks Bumbullis
 * Jons unds Erdine
 * Die Magd
 * Die Raschoffs ("The Raschoffs", 1919)
 * Der Hüter der Schwelle ("Watcher at the Step", 1921)
 * Das deutsche Schicksal ("The German Destiny", 1921)
 * Jons und Erdme: eine litauische Geschichte ("Jons and Erdme: a Lithuanian Tale", 1921)
 * Das Bilderbuch meiner Jugend: Autobiographie ("The Picture Book of my Youth", autobiography, 1922; reprinted, Ernst Osterkamp, ed., 1980, 1988)
 * Wie die Träumenden ("Like Dreamers", 1923)
 * Die Denkmalsweihe ("Ceremony at the Monument", 1923)
 * Der tolle Professor: Roman aus der Bismarckzeit ("The Mad Professor: a Novel of the Bismarck Years", 1926; translated by Isabel Leighton in 1929)
 * Der Hasenfellhändler ("The Trader of Hareskins", 1927)
 * Die Frau des Steffen Tromholt ("The Wife of Steffen Tromholt", novel, 1927)
 * Purzelchen (1928)

title: Hermann Sudermann


text:
Talk:Healdsburg, California

Reverted information
Reverted "editorial changes". 2000 is in the past, so "had" is correct. "under the age of 18" is not the same as "18 or younger", or is somebody suggesting the Ram-Man account is wrong? -( 15:27 Feb 8, 2003 (UTC)

Healdsburg Plaza and edits by 71.146.83.206
The second paragraph of this article used to be: Though the town was not founded during Mexican rule, Healdsburg is centered on a 19th century plaza that still provides an important focal point for tourists and locals alike. It was removed by User:71.146.83.206 (Talk, Contribs) with a description of "not sure who added this, but this is completely untRue" [sic]. I reverted that as incorrect, and six minutes later I was re-reverted by the same IP, with a comment of "dearest DoriSmith this material is false if you believe otherwise you best be prepa" [sic] which sounds to me like he was about to type in a threat.

Here's a list of all the facts in the above:
 * "Though the town was not founded during Mexican rule,"
 * California became a state in 1850. Healdsburg was founded in 1857 and incorporated in 1867. QED.

 * "Healdsburg is centered"
 * Okay, geographically this may or may not be the case (depending on the exact city boundaries), but there's no question that the plaza is the center of town activities. It's where city events are held. It's where shops want to be located. It's where tourists want to hang out.

 * "on a 19th century plaza"
 * The town was founded in the 19th century. The plaza was laid out in the 19th century. It's a 19th century plaza.

 * "that still provides an important focal point for tourists"
 * Do tourists want to visit the plaza? Absolutely—it's where the high-end hotels and restaurants are. It's where the high-end shopping is located. It's where the tasting rooms are located.

 * "and locals alike."
 * Well, I'm a local, and I can vouch for the fact that the locals care deeply about the plaza. For instance, it's a big deal right now that the post office might be moving away from the plaza, resulting in things like letters to the editor to the local paper.

Okay, I'm baffled, as I think it's a straightforward and factual sentence. 71.146.83.206, what part of this do you believe to be incorrect, and why? Dori (talk) 06:44, 16 April 2008 (UTC)

Mexican towns, including those established in California in the early nineteenth century, followed the Spanish custom of having a plaza in the middle of the community. Good examples of this are still found in Sonoma and San Juan Bautista. Obviously, Healdsburg followed this tradition, despite its founding long after California ceased to be part of Mexico. Sallyrob (talk) 17:46, 30 January 2009 (UTC)

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historic districts and other Healdsburg and area historic sites
I removed from the article the following text:"The city has established thirteen historical landmarks including two districts. The state recognizes one California Historical Landmark in the vicinity of city. Five sites on the National Register of Historic Places are identified in and around Healdsburg."

and replaced it by mention only of the two NRHP-listed places actually in Healdsburg. There were no supporting references and it seems unhelpful to assert numbers of each of these types without listing them or providing a link for the reader or otherwise helping determine what those sites are. What historic districts or other historic sites are officially listed on any register is under discussion elsewhere, at Talk:List of historical landmarks in Healdsburg, California (which likely will be moved to Draft talk:List of historical landmarks in Healdsburg, California. Let's fix that list-article one way or another then return here to adjust what can be said.

Also, help developing Draft:Healdsburg Carnegie Library would be appreciated. --Doncram (talk) 00:07, 19 January 2021 (UTC)

When Healsburg freezes-over
The average temperature degrees seems a-bit back-a-wards. Maybe one might edit; and not put the principal-Fahrenheit scale of measurement in (parenthesis). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 144.183.16.80 (talk) 01:11, 5 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Healdsburg, California