text:
Talk:Dymaxion map

Untitled
See Spacetime DTD and Ecoregion DTD

Peters Projection
Is Dymaxion Map the same as the Peters Projection map of the world? quercus robur

 * no, it is not at all the same from what I just saw (http://www.petersmap.com/page2.html, mercator on the right, Peters on the left). I left an example of the dymaxion map on the article page (see animation - ain't that pretty ?). If I understood well, one of the ideas is that no continent should be cut by the projection, that all terrestrial masses appear in one mass (?), and a better accuracy (less deformed than mercantur map in particular). User:anthere

List of links

 * http://worldgame.org/

saving links needed to work on this map

 * animation (free)
 * http://www.westnet.com/~crywalt/unfold.html
 * http://www.nous.org.uk/BFMAP.html

 * The first item is a piece of text (not a link), the second is in the article, and third is a general article on Fuller, not on his map. -º¡º

move your eyes at the top of this page. This article is part of a wikiproject. As such, a little bit more information is required.

 * And? Nothing was deleted from the talk, I was just commenting. -º¡º

Neutrality
Neutrality here? How about some negatives, like the fact that it confuses navigation (North is in the center, rather than at an extreme).

 * Yeah, agree. Why no negative points. Like "difficult to compare % of land and sea", "unability to quickly see tropical belt" etc. ? Peter S. 02:33, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The fact that it's encumbered with copyrights and is not supposed to show nations as colored regions is a key disadvantage from the point of view of those wishing to publish political maps. Fortunately, many other mapping frameworks are available for this purpose.

 * Also, talking of seafaring nations - try to show on this map how Columbus found his way to America... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 119.98.18.179 (talk) 04:46, 24 November 2011 (UTC)

Alternative layouts
"There is no one 'correct' view of the Dymaxion map. Peeling the triangular faces of the icosahedron apart in one way results in an icosahedral net that shows an almost contiguous land mass comprising all of earth's continents - not groups of continents divided by oceans. Peeling the solid apart in a different way presents a view of the world dominated by connected oceans surrounded by land."

Would it be possible for someone to make an example of the second view,where oceans dominate?

So... how does the math work?
So... if I have the some coordinates of a point on a surface, how would I transform those points to find the coordinates of the corresponding position on a dymaxion map? (Pick one, though I am specifically interested in polyhedral dymaxion maps – let's say a dymaxion map based on a regular octohedron.) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.126.169.10 (talk) 22:52, 6 August 2008 (UTC)

I know this was 10 years ago, but if anyone is curious, the only mention of the exact equations I could find was Robert Gray. According to him, it comes down to conserving distances along the icosohedron edges and then interpolating using a three-way geodesic grid. The math gets pretty complicated. Justin Kunimune (talk) 03:05, 21 January 2018 (UTC)

Conformal?
An icosohedron has 20 faces. 20 separate stereographic projections—one for each of the 20 faces—would seem to be what's going on. That would make it conformal except at the 12 vertices. Can someone with experience with these maps comment on this? Michael Hardy (talk) 22:38, 17 October 2009 (UTC)

...Wait!... maybe it would be conformal except on the edges.

If so, that raises the question of whether there is some other way to do it that would make it conformal except at the vertices. Michael Hardy (talk) 22:56, 17 October 2009 (UTC)

 * ....on the other hand one could project from the center of the sphere, rather from the point antipodal to the point of tangency, and that seems quite natural. But I don't know if it's conformal.... Michael Hardy (talk) 18:17, 18 October 2009 (UTC)

The radial projection (from the south hemisphere S+ to C, seen as the tangent plane at the south pole) is not conformal. Reason : if it were conformal, we could compose the inverse of the radial projection, C → S+, with the standard stereographic projection S → C; the result would be a radial holomorphic map C →C, that is, of the form f(reit)=φ(r)eit, which can be holomorphic only if f(z)=az, which is not the case here. Alternatively, it would be a bounded holomorphic map on C, hence constant by Liouville theorem, again not the case here. (moved from RD/M) --pma (talk) 08:04, 23 October 2009 (UTC)

"that raises the question of whether there is some other way to do it" Yes. Whatever particular projection the standard Dymaxion map uses, we can imagine developing some other map that is almost identical to the Dymaxion map, except it uses some other projection: --68.0.124.33 (talk) 23:08, 21 July 2010 (UTC)
 * I hear that Laurence P. Lee of New Zealand developed a conformal mapping that can be used to map spherical triangles to plane triangles. So yes, there is a way to make it conformal, except at the vertices. Is there any Wikipedia article that would be appropriate for posting the details of this projection?
 * stereographic projection: each facet is conformal. Unfortunately, stereographic projection maps the 3 great circle arcs bounding each spherical triangle to 3 "lines" that gently curve (bulge out), so there's going to be a bit of mangling to make a straight-edged plane triangle; so I guess the edges are not exactly conformal.
 * gnomonic projection -- one could project from the center of the sphere. That is used for *most* polygonal maps (but not the Dymaxion map). Alas, it is not conformal, as PMajer pointed out. It does have the great advantage that great circles map to straight lines, so spherical triangles map nicely to straight-edged plane triangles.
 * the Chamberlin trimetric projection sounds very similar to the projection described for the Dymaxion map. Is there any significant difference?
 * I hear that Irving Fisher developed an equal-area mapping that exactly covers the icosahedron; and John P. Snyder generalized that mapping, now called the Fisher/Snyder equal-area mapping. Alas, all equal-area mappings are not conformal, and vice versa. Is there any Wikipedia article that would be appropriate for posting the details of this projection?
 * This looks like supremely helpful information which ought to be in the article - I've just left a note over at Chamberlin trimetric projection querying whether that's the projection used for the Dymaxion. I think it'd be the most accurate - adjacent vertices would match up - but I'm no cartographer!  Any chance of someone with a Big Book of Projections clarifying this in the article? 87.194.176.188 (talk) 17:24, 2 July 2011 (UTC)

 * Geocart has a conformal version of the dymaxion. Strebe (talk) 17:42, 13 September 2019 (UTC)

File:Dymaxion 2003 animation small1.gif to appear as POTD soon
Hello! This is a note to let the editors of this article know that File:Dymaxion 2003 animation small1.gif will be appearing as picture of the day on June 5, 2011. You can view and edit the POTD blurb at Template:POTD/2011-06-05. If this article needs any attention or maintenance, it would be preferable if that could be done before its appearance on the Main Page so Wikipedia doesn't look bad. :) Thanks!  howcheng  {chat} 17:53, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

Keyes promoting his stuff
Esperanto41 is attempting to inject his opinion piece as an external link. His rationale for reverting my deletion was, “Restored link to Web's most extensively detailed history, analysis, and critique of Fuller's map.” The article he links is just a personal opinion piece, violating WP:RELY and WP:USERG. It’s his own work, violating WP:COI and WP:SELFPUBLISH. It is a mass of rhetoric, devoid of science, data, reliable external references to it, and meanwhile having the tendentious purpose of disparaging the Fuller projection and directing the reader’s attention to the Cahill projection, which he has a vested interest in.

Gene, if you revert this again, I will revert your reversion and request a page lock. There is no question about these policies you are violating.Strebe (talk)

Strebe's conflict of interest
Daan Strebe is a commercial cartography software producer, who feels he can become Wikipedia's self-appointed dictator of approved projections, and disparage or delete those which are not included in his mindset or his proprietary program. Talk about conflict of interest! He waged a vendetta to delete and suppress the octahedral Waterman projection page in Wikipedia. Strebe's commercial program does not include Cahill or Fuller or Waterman, but it does include Strebe's own projections. Again, COI.

Unlike Strebe, I am not a vendor. I do not have a so-called "vested interest" in B.J.S. Cahill, nor in my own revisions to Cahill. My map designs and programs are freely downloadable on the Web, open source and in Creative Commons. I do not object to Strebe's cartographic expertise, and projections, and private enterprise, but I do object to him bringing his prejudices and conflict of interest into a public venue such as Wikipedia, while presuming that he can delete alternative projections on his say-so, then lock out anyone else.

As for my critique of the Fuller map, I cannot believe that daan has done more than glance at it, and then hurl unsubstantiated invective. (Let him address some of its analyses, such as how one should scale a Dymaxion map.) My piece details the history and evolution and shortcomings of Bucky's map, which of course I would not post as a WP article. But as an external link, it belongs in a WP article on the Dymaxion. Readers are entitled to judge for themselves if the article is germane and worthwhile, and not be subject to Strebe's censorship, and lockout threat. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Esperanto41 (talk • contribs) 23:39, 17 July 2013 (UTC)

 * I am indebted to you for the first mention of my projections and software anywhere on Wikipedia. Thank you. For some reason doing that myself never occurred to me. I’ve simply been too busy engaged in conflicts of interest, such as keeping unencyclopædic material off of Wikipedia, curating a hundred-and-something articles (dozens unrelated to map projections), adding information from credible sources, add citations and footnotes (including the only citation for the Waterman map, which of course you either did not notice or else do not want this audience to know), correcting grammar and syntax, and creating high quality illustrations free for public use—and zounds, now that you mentioned it, none of them are any of my own projections! How could I be so remiss?

 * What the images are, are illustrations for articles on projections that have notability as defined by Wikipedia. That’s what my edits are about, but I don’t expect you to understand that in a world where you imagine we’re competitors. We’re not. Fighting over map projections is facile. Nobody’s projection is any good in any general sense, including mine, and nobody’s ever will be. That’s the cold, hard mathematics. The very idea that any world projection is “best” is simply medieval.

 * Your essay is a vanity work. Of course I read it. It’s a collection of cherry-picked arguments that, even with cherry-picking, don’t add up to what you imagine they do. Wikipedia doesn’t link to vanity works. Any goober can write an opinion piece. You have your forum on the Internet. I have mine. Both of those are distinct from Wikipedia, where linking to vanity pieces is not permitted. If you want a critique of your essay, feel free to contact me directly; this is not the place for that. In any case, my own opinion of it is irrelevant here. What’s relevant is that your link violates WP:COI, WP:SELFPUBLISH, WP:RELY, and WP:USERG. Wikipedia editors don’t decide whether something is “germane” or “worthwhile”. They let experts do that and then cite the experts. Strebe (talk) 03:39, 18 July 2013 (UTC)

File:Dymaxion 2003 animation small1.gif is broken
This file doesn't load at all, there's just the broken image icon 151.227.93.223 (talk) 15:10, 20 September 2015 (UTC)

 * Works fine on Mac OS X browsers and Safari on iOS 9, for example. Strebe (talk) 17:52, 20 September 2015 (UTC)
 * Yeah, works fine in Opera, Chrome, and IE 10 on Windows 8.1 too. RossPatterson (talk) 00:33, 21 September 2015 (UTC)

BFI owns the "rights" to the projection?
Supposedly the Buckminster Fuller Institute has said: "Thank you for your interest in the Fuller Projection Map™. BFI owns the rights to the projection, and yes, it requires a licensing agreement for use." (bold mine)

Does anyone know what the heck they are talking about? AFAIK their patent ran out a while ago. They have trademarks for the words "Fuller Projection Map" but nothing more. Is this correct? Maybe they are trying to say the entire projection is a trademark? --147.147.121.40 (talk) 06:29, 4 September 2017 (UTC)

 * In addition I found a note on patent WO 1993003469 A1 which says: "The Dymaxion Map, copyrighted in 1982 by Buckminister Fuller Institute, projects the Earth globe onto 20 identical equilateral triangular segments [...]".
 * I did not think you could copyright a map projection? --147.147.121.40 (talk) 06:47, 4 September 2017 (UTC)

 * They can hold copyright on one or a few particular visual maps, but the patent on the technique for deriving that general type of map would have expired long ago, so I really don't see how they can prevent others from making their own maps with using that projection... AnonMoos (talk) 16:56, 6 September 2017 (UTC)

Real-world application
It's probably worth mentioning that this map projection does see some use in the sciences, whenever the continents and their connections (including across Bering Strait) need to be shown and the oceans are not relevant; apart from the genetics map in the article, compare the map in the infobox of Woolly mammoth. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 21:14, 3 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dymaxion map


text:
Talk:List of rivers of Europe

List?????
Call me crazy, but this is not a list ... I should be able to find something on a list. I doubt anyone will ever care, but I guess I'm just pissed at the name ... I was like, "Wow, a list of rivers in Europe, that's exactly what I need!" but then, I get here, but IT IS SORTED BY OCEAN AND THEN BY COUNTRY, LIKE WHAT? That was real helpful when I came here to find what it's exact name was, which country it was in, and which body of water it flowed into ... If I knew it was in France, I would go to a list of rivers in France for heaven's sake. There'd be no reason for me to come here. I mean, if this isn't supposed to be a list, fine, but change the name. It's false advertising. Otherwise, WHY NOT JUST GO ALPHABETICALLY LIKE ANY LOGICAL PERSON WOULD DO??? If it looks like I'm shouting, that's because I am. RedNitrogen 22:11, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

I refuse to call you crazy: Also, I agree that it should be an option to sort by 1. human population lives within a days walk of the river 2. GDP by this human population 3. river biodiversity (#of species)

This I feel like are good measures, that fit within the encyclopedia mindset. Also, it would looks something like the first ones that come to mind that go first.

Major russian1 Rhine Danube major russian2 Themes Tiber — Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.225.93.142 (talk) 14:27, 15 November 2019 (UTC)

List
For now it's mainly a list of .., thus the rename. Obviously it's good to know it will be part of a larger project. You might want to include the table below the Aar article Docu

Sorting
The article says The more to the top a river's name is, the more close the river is to the sea.

 * Surely the order should be established according to some more deterministic and obvious method? Rivers can meander a lot, so closeness of a river to the sea can be a pretty relative thing... I'd sort the rivers that flow into other rivers by the order of their points of confluence, and the primary ones (those that flow directly into the sea) alphabetically or something like that. --Shallot 17:53, 19 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * I think the article is using a really terrible way of saying that what you say should be the case, is the case. Morwen 18:08, Feb 19, 2004 (UTC)

Standard lists
I would like to start a discussion on what the lists of rivers of Europe and of European countries should look like. First the structure of the articles:

Right now the rivers flowing into sea are grouped by sea or ocean (possibly also lakes without outlets), and then sorted alphabetically. At Rivers of Great Britain and Rivers of Russia they are also grouped by sea/ocean, but then sorted geographically, along the coast of that sea (for instance the Channel coast west to east from Lands End to Ramsgate). I think I like that better than alphabetic order, because it also gives an idea of which other rivers are in the vicinity.

The rivers flowing into other rivers are given in orographic order, starting from the mouth of the main river. Rivers flowing into those tributaries are given directly under their distributary. For instance:
 * Rhône
 * Durance
 * Verdon
 * Isère
 * Saône

River deltas can be quite complicated. Rivers that split into several branches can be treated like this:
 * Dziwna
 * branch of Oder
 * Oder (main branch Swina)
 * Warta
 * Neisse
 * Peene
 * Tollense
 * branch of Oder
 * Swina
 * branch of Oder

The location of the point of confluence of the rivers (or where the river flows into sea) should be indicated with a city or town. Rather a further off city than a nearby small town that no one will ever write an article about. The standard form now on the list is between brackets, e.g. Neva (in Saint-Petersburg).

At the end of the list there should be an alphabetical list of rivers. This makes it easier for editors to refer to a river, and to see if there's already an article about a certain river. I can imagine that it would be a huge list for all European rivers, so maybe we should only do that for country lists of rivers.

Criteria for rivers in this list
That brings me to another point: how complete do we want the list of rivers of Europe to be? It's getting pretty big, so maybe we should mention the rivers with only local significance (for example some tributaries to the Danube and Elbe, such as Zusam, Schnauder, Lockwitz) only on the list of rivers of the related country. And there are tons of articles about English and Scottish rivers, adding them would nearly double the length of the article. Markussep 21:55, 11 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Suggestion: only rivers longer than 100 km (or very significant in another way) in this list, show shorter rivers only in the lists by country. Markussep 17:33, 25 Mar 2005 (UTC)

In this article we can find a list with the title: "longest rivers of Europe", which is incomplete because there are listed rivers like Po, with more or less 650 Km lenght, but not Ebro/Ebre, in Iberian Peninsula, with more than 900 km lenght though it's discharge is not very big. Martí

Removed rivers
The following rivers have been removed because they were not significant enough (<100 km). Links to their articles (if existing) are available at Rivers of France, Rivers of Belgium, Rivers of Poland, Rivers of Germany, Rivers of Great Britain etc.

Atlantic Ocean, Loire basin: Yèvre, Furan River.

Baltic Sea: Reda

Baltic Sea, Oder basin: Tywa, Mysla, Ilanka, Pliszka, Biala Ladecka, Klodnica

Black Sea, Danube basin: Cierny Váh, Biely Váh, Alz, Traun (Alz), Große Vils, Kleine Vils, Glonn, Würm, Chambach, Schwarzer Regen, Weißer Regen, Zusam, Brenz, Mindel, Günz, Blau, Breitach, Trettach, Sillach, Riß, Lauchert, Breg, Brigach, Ilz, Krems 2x, Erlauf, Ager, Alm.

English Channel, north coast: Collybrooke, Burn, Wallabrooke, Lumburn, Walkham, Plym, Avon (Devon), Otter, Axe, Wey, Piddle, Cerne, Lymington, Beaulieu, Hamble, Meon, Wallington, Lavant

North Sea, Elbe basin: Jeetze, Karthane, Jäglitz, Plane, Nuthe, Wipper (Harz), Parthe, Schnauder, Göltzsch, Orla, Schwarza (Saale), Chemnitz River, Jahna, Weißeritz, Prießnitz, Lockwitz, Müglitz, Gottleuba, Kirnitzsch.

North Sea, Weser basin: Böhme, Ihme, Nette (Harz), Grane, Rhume, Söse, Oder (Harz), Sieber, Wietze, Örtze, Haune, Hörsel, Ulster River, Felda, Schmalkalde, Hasel, Schleuse.

North Sea, Rhine basin: Schipbeek, Möhne, Dhünn, Wipper, Agger, Bröl, Nister, Heller River, Ferndorfbach, Elzbach, Alf River, Lieser, Dhron, Salm (Germany), Riveris, Rauruwer, Prims, Blies, Nims, Orne River, Lorraine, Aar (Lahn), Weil, Dill, Wisper, Alsenz, Gersprenz, Aschaff, Fränkische Rezat, Schwäbische Rezat, Weiße Main, Rote Main, Rems, Queich, Sihl, Kleine Emme, Limpach, Ilfis, Landquart.

North Sea, Meuse basin: Geleenbeek, Voer, Berwinne, Warche, Hoyoux, Bocq, Molignée.

North Sea, Scheldt basin: Durme, Schijn, Kleine Nete, Aa, Wamp, Grote Nete, Wimp, Molse Nete, Laak, Maalbeek, Woluwe, Molenbeek, Neerpedebeek, Zuun, Geleytsbeek, Linkebeek, Senette, Hain, Samme, Thines, Velp, Gete, Kleine Gete, Grote Gete, Herk, Voer, IJse, Netten, Laan, Zilverbeek, Thyle, Mandel, Gaverbeek, Zwalm, Rone, Rhosne, Hogneau, Honelle, Aunelle, Grande Honelle, Petite Honelle.

Markussep

Vistula
I want to make one observation: not the Western Bug is the inflow of Narev river, but on the contrary, Narev - inflow of the Western Bug, but that falls into the Vistula. 194.190.184.254 08:44, 25 Mar 2005 (UTC) from Russia

 * I'm not an expert on Polish rivers, so I've looked it up in the Polish Wikipedia (I can't read Polish very well, but I understand some Russian). The part of the river between the confluence of Bug and Narew and the outlet into Vistula is called Narew, but often (I suppose czesto means often) referred to as "Bugo-Narew". The funny thing is that this Bugo-Narew is mentioned at Bug (rzeka) but not at Narew (rzeka). There, Narew is simply a tributary of the Vistula, and Bug a tributary of Narew. Markussep 11:25, 25 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you! --194.190.184.254 13:31, 25 Mar 2005 (UTC) (Torin)
 * O-ops! http://www.answers.com/topic/western-bug 194.190.184.254 13:44, 25 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Some other sources: And German Brockhaus makes it even worse:
 * http://mega.km.ru/bes_98/encyclop.asp?Topic=topic_zap38 contradicts this: *http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article?tocId=9358240&query=bug&ct=
 * http://www.bartleby.com/65/na/Narew.html
 * http://www.bartleby.com/65/bu/BugPol.html

Suchergebnis

1. Narew der, rechter Nebenfluss der Weichsel, in Polen, 484 km, entspringt in Weißrussland, mündet nordwestlich ...

2. Narew der, Nebenfluss des Bugs, in Polen, 484 km.

I'm lost here... Markussep 14:09, 25 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Dintel/Mark
I have a question regarding the river Dintel/Mark in the Netherlands. It does not flow into the Rhine, Meuse or Scheldt (although it is historicaly considered to be part of the Meuse bassin), but flows instead into the Volkerak. This used to be a wide delta stream / estuary that split off the Hollands Diep / Haringvliet (both major estuaries of both Rhine and Meuse) and flowed into the Oosterschelde (originaly an estuary of the Scheldt). However, the connection between the Oosterschelde and the Scheldt does no longer exist. During the Delta Works, dams were placed on both ends of the Volkerak, so the connection with the Rhine and Meuse was lost as well. From that moment on, the Volkerak is a fresh water lake surrounded by active estuaries and large sea-inlets. So: what about rivers that flow into the Volkerak? They can no longer be called parts of any larger bassins (such as that of the Scheldt and Meuse). Neither can they be considered tributaries of other rivers. So, should these rivers appear in the list as flowing into the North Sea? DaMatriX (talk) 12:58, 13 May 2011 (UTC)

Pictures
May I suggest that the pictures in the article should be formatted to a uniform size in order to appear less chaotic? After all, it's a list and the pictures serve mainly illustrative purposes, don't they? Any opinions? Yakikaki (talk) 18:00, 15 February 2013 (UTC)

Severn is pretty long maaan
Severn is like totally longer than the Thames Maaaan. Should be on the list of longest rivers along with the Trent and the Ouse and that other one. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.149.90.135 (talk) 00:07, 26 May 2013 (UTC)

Errors in chart
There is at least one error in the chart: the rain that falls on the isle of Texel most certainly does not drain via the Rhine delta! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 137.205.183.114 (talk) 09:15, 5 December 2013 (UTC)

New content
Following the be bold guide line I replaced the entire page. The new content is in the style of the Spanish page, but with references and lower cutoffs. I believe all the information that was in the previous versions is retained or is present on the pages with the list of rivers for individual countries. If you find things wanting, let me know. Afasmit (talk) 23:34, 21 November 2017 (UTC)
 * You have removed many rivers without any explanation. Be so kind to reinsert them or I will revert to a previous version. Kostja (talk) 09:23, 19 December 2017 (UTC)
 * At least you could explain why you found it fit to redefine the long standing criteria for inclusion without any consultation. Kostja (talk) 09:29, 19 December 2017 (UTC)
 * Hi Kostja,
 * Sorry for the slow response. I've taken (had to take) sabbatical from wikipedia since early December. You were the first to respond to the changes (after a whole month) and to my request for "things wanting". Apparently few people have this page tagged.
 * As I mention above, the explanation for any removal of information is that I found that information to be present at the river lists by country. I initially only wanted to replace the anemic "Longest rivers" list that was on top of the page, but after going a tad overboard on the table, nearly all information that followed was contained in it. We could consider restoring that section, though the page will become big and there will be a lot of duplication. Another thought is to have links to the the country pages following the main table in order of the coastline.
 * The previous criteria ("100 km minimum length or significant in another way") were too lenient (100 km) and vague (most rivers with wikipedia pages are significant to some extent). When using a 100 km cutoff, one can extrapolate that, on top of the 400 or so rivers over 250 km long, another 425 (assuming a linear trend) to 540 (assuming a logarithmic trend) rivers make the cutoff. The list would become very big, a large proportion of the rivers would be red links, and it would be very difficult to create a complete list; finding and accurately describing all rivers over 250 km was already a tremendous amount of work.
 * Afasmit (talk) 23:21, 10 January 2018 (UTC)

Someone tagged the scope section as lacking sources?
The page is currently disfigured by a box complaining that there are no sources for the section defining the inclusion criteria for the page.

As this section is obviously original editorial text written for the article to clarify inclusion criteria for readers and other editors, it seems obvious that it cannot and should not have any outside sources.

Would the party responsible for adding this tag, please explain themselves or remove the tagging. 2A01:4F0:4018:F0:FCBE:52CC:2157:85D0 (talk) 18:25, 10 March 2022 (UTC)

Should there be a map with just the rivers?
Currently, the overview map in the article focuses on showing drainage basins rather than river locations and names. Maybe a simplistic map showing the listed rivers should be created and added as a visual overview of the subject. 2A01:4F0:4018:F0:FCBE:52CC:2157:85D0 (talk) 18:29, 10 March 2022 (UTC)

Thames length
Surely it's incongruous to have the Thames as 360km length, but when you click on the Thames page it's 346km. I can't help but think they need to match? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Beyondheat (talk • contribs) 11:02, 24 June 2022 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:List of rivers of Europe


text:
Talk:List of rivers of Russia

Comments
This is part of a WikiProject. For guidelines on contributing see WikiProject Ecoregions and spacetime DTD and ecoregion DTD

Lovat
Can anyone provide details on the Lovat/Lovat'/Lowatj that flows through Velikiye Luki and into Lake Ilmen? The latter article provides an edit-me link to it as Lovat'. Thanks. — B.Bryant 00:02, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

The stub for Lovat River has been created... — Preceding unsigned comment added by Goudzovski (talk • contribs) 6 May 2005

Moved details to Talk:Lovat River. --Joy [shallot] (talk) 18:35, 22 September 2011 (UTC)

Тулома and Кола
What about these rivers? -Yupik 09:00, 13 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Tuuloma and Kuola

 * These are the Finnish mames for Russificated Tuloma and Kola. Tuulomajoki had before the combined damm and power station was built the largest water fall in European Russia.

 * JN — Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.113.113.76 (talk • contribs) 23 July 2007

European rivers
The European part is drained into the Arctic Ocean, Baltic Sea, Black Sea and Caspian Sea. Russian Wiki has a different approach Формирование перечня проходило по принципу: океан — море — река — приток реки — приток притока и так далее.Koakhtzvigad (talk) 07:13, 28 December 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of rivers of Russia


text:
Talk:Rivers of Australia

This is part of a WikiProject. For guidelines on contributing see WikiProject Ecoregions and spacetime DTD and ecoregion DTD

--

title: Talk:Rivers of Australia


text:
Spurius Cassius Vecellinus

Spurius Cassius Vecellinus or Vicellinus (died 485 BC) was one of the most distinguished men of the early Roman Republic. He was three times consul, and celebrated two triumphs. He was the first magister equitum, and the author of the first agrarian law. The year following his last consulship, he was accused of aiming at regal power, and was put to death by the patricians.

Background
His surname variously appears as Vecellinus, Vicellinus, and Viscellinus. The latter has been shown to be incorrect, and Vecellinus is usually preferred. The otherwise unattested name may be a reference to a Mount Vecilius mentioned by Livy.

According to one tradition, Cassius' father was still living and hale at the time of his death. If this were the case, it would be difficult to place Cassius' birth much earlier than 540 or 535 BC. Cassius also left behind him three sons, whose names have not been preserved. It is believed that the original Cassii were patricians, although the later members of the gens occurring in history were all plebeian. The historian Niebuhr suggests that Cassius' sons may have been expelled by the patricians from their order, or that they or their descendants may have voluntarily passed over to the plebeians, because the patricians had shed the blood of their father.

Magistracies
Cassius' first consulship was in 502 BC, the eighth year of the Republic. His colleague was Opiter Verginius Tricostus. Dionysius reports that Cassius carried on war against the Sabines, whom he defeated (with great loss to the Sabines) near Cures. The Sabines sued for peace, and surrendered a large portion of their land. On his return to Rome, Cassius celebrated his first triumph, which is confirmed by the Fasti Triumphales. Livy, however, states that the two consuls carried on war against the Aurunci, and took the town of Suessa Pometia. The same events he reports under 495 BC, which is in agreement with Dionysius. Thus, Dionysius probably preserves the correct account.

In the following year, Titus Larcius was appointed the first dictator, and as his magister equitum he nominated Cassius. The reason for the institution of these offices was the fear of impending war with both the Sabines and the Latins. After a failed round of negotiations, war was declared against the Sabines, but as both sides were reluctant to come to blows, no hostilities ensued. War with the Latins came in 498 BC, with the Battle of Lake Regillus. Following the Roman victory, Cassius is said to have urged the senate to destroy the Latin towns.

Cassius was consul for the second time in 493 BC, with Postumus Cominius Auruncus. The consuls entered upon their office during the secession of the plebs to the Mons Sacer. The strife between the patricians and plebeians was a recurring theme throughout the early history of the Republic, and in time cost Cassius his life. In contrast with his former position, Cassius ratified a treaty with the Latins on Rome's behalf, thereby removing one source of danger to the fledgling Republic. The treaty became known as the Foedus Cassianum, bearing the consul's name. Cicero related that a copy of the treaty was still extant in his day, and its terms are summarized by Dionysius. Later the same year, Cassius consecrated the temple of Ceres, Bacchus, and Proserpina.

In 486 BC, Cassius was consul for the third time, with Proculus Verginius Tricostus Rutilus. Cassius marched against the Volsci and Hernici, but they sued for peace, and once again showing his talent for diplomacy, Cassius formed a league with the Hernici. Livius states that the Hernici agreed to surrender two thirds of their land, but a more likely explanation is that the Romans, Latins, and Hernici agreed to share their acquired land evenly, with each receiving one third of the lands conquered by their mutual arms. This treaty, resembling one formerly in force under the kings, held for over a hundred years. On his return, Cassius celebrated his second triumph.

Trial and execution
After concluding the treaty with the Hernici, Cassius proposed the first agrarian law at Rome, arguing for the land to be distributed amongst the plebs and the Latin allies. Cassius' colleague, Verginius, and the patricians strongly opposed the law. Debate and discord ensued, and the plebs turned against Cassius, suspecting him of aiming at regal power.

In 485 BC once Cassius had left office he was condemned and executed. Livy says that the method of his trial is uncertain. Livy's preferred version is that a public trial on the charge of high treason was held on the orders of the quaestores parricidii Caeso Fabius and Lucius Valerius, at which Cassius was condemned by the people, and subsequently by public decree his house was demolished (being near the temple of Tellus). The alternative version is that Cassius' own father conducted a private trial (presumably exercising authority as pater familias) and put his son to death, and subsequently dedicated his son's assets to the goddess Ceres, including by dedicating a statue to her with the inscription "given from the Cassian family".

Dionysius states that he was hurled from the Tarpeian Rock.

Niebuhr argues that it was impossible that a man who had been thrice consul and twice triumphed should still be in his father's power.

Cassius Dio expressed his belief in the consul's innocence.

In 159 BC the statue of Cassius erected on the spot of his house was melted down by the censors. Some seem to have called for the execution of Cassius' sons also, but according to Dionysius, they were spared by the senate.

Chronological uncertainty
E.J. Bickerman has suggested that Cassius' third consulship occurred in 480 BC, the same year as the Battle of Salamis. However, this assertion rests on the accuracy of Diodorus Siculus, who stated that his consulship coincided with the archonship of Calliades in Athens. Calliades was archon in 480 BC. Herodotus confirms the possibility that the battles of Thermopylae and Salamis were fought shortly after the Olympic Games of that year, and only a few months after these events: "On approach of spring, the sun suddenly quit his seat in the heavens, and disappeared" when Xerxes left Sardis, a few weeks or months before crossing over to Greece. This eclipse occurred on February 17, 478 BC, providing a valuable chronological reference.

title: Spurius Cassius Vecellinus


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Gaius Nautius Rutilus

Gaius Nautius Rutilus was consul of the Roman Republic in 475 BC and 458 BC.

In his first consulship he was the senior consul, and his colleague was Publius Valerius Poplicola. Nautius was given command of Roman forces against the Volsci who had invaded Latium. Nautius ravaged the Volscian territory, but there was no significant engagement with the enemy.

Nautius held the consulship a second time in 458 BC with Lucius Minucius Esquilinus Augurinus. During his second consulship, he successfully carried on war against the Sabines. That same year, the Aequi attacked the allied city of Tusculum and defeated his colleague, Minucius. Nautius Rutilus returned to Rome to oversee the Roman Senate electing a dictator, Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus, to deal with the invaders.

Nautius was probably the brother, or perhaps the son of Spurius Nautius Rutilus, consul in 488 BC.

title: Gaius Nautius Rutilus


text:
Talk:Jack Lemmon

Removed
In a career spanning five decades, Lemmon carved himself a niche as cinema's neurotic everyman, and as one of the most versatile actors of his--or any--generation. Equally at home in comedy and drama, he had a unique combination of intensity and vulnerability that could break your heart one minute, and have you doubled up with laughter the next. Whether he was clearing his sinuses as Felix Unger in The Odd Couple, or clearing his desk as the slumping salesman Shelley Levene in Glengarry Glen Ross, Lemmon committed himself totally to his roles.

The only word that might be able to be used in a NPOV sentence is "neurotic", though I haven't seen enough of his movies to really know... the rest is true and very nice and all, but not encyclopedic. Tokerboy —Preceding undated comment added 05:44, 8 February 2003 (UTC)

 * I liked the ideas expressed in the "Removed" section above and tried to rewrite the paragraph in a more suitable way and then add it back to the end of the Lemmon article. Obviously, if others think it still does not work, they can remove it again.

Andrew Szanton 03:01, 15 April 2006 (UTC)

Date of Death?

 * It is stated that he died on the 27 and 28 of 2001.

Which is true? :Alrasheedan —Preceding undated comment added 13:49, 28 June 2004 (UTC)

The Long Way Home
Error to one of the links: The link for his TV movie titled "The Long Way Home" is not correct. The Wikipedia link is to a movie about WWII and Nazi. However, Jack Lemmon's TV movie, under the same name and which was made in 1998, is about a retired cabinet maker(Jack Lemmon), who travels across the USA from Kansas to California to visit his old sweetheart, Veronica (played by Betty Garrett). He travelled by hitchhiking with a young girl named Leanne Bossert (played by Sarah Paulson). I saw this movie on TV a few years ago, but it never returned to the TV screen. However, I managed to buy a copy of the DVD a few days ago, to my surprise and delight. The DVD was produced by Platinum Disc LLC, La Crosse, WI (2005). --64.201.181.86 05:00, 17 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks for pointing this out! The link to The Long Way Home now points to a disambiguation page for the term "Long Way Home". The "dab" (disambiguation) page now has a reference to the 1998 made-for-TV film.  As far as I know, we do not yet have an article on the 1998 film, although I did not do an extensive search. Lini 13:36, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

Matriculated or Graduated?
In the article it says that Lemmon graduated from Harvard at seventeen years old. While this is certainly possible, the information seems redundant considering that in the same paragraph, further down, he is mentioned as having gone to Harvard after graduating from Phillips Academy. Because of this, I have a suspicion that he might have matriculated to Harvard at seventeen, not graduated. This has a certain further credibility as information concerning Lemmon's supposed prodigality is not sourced (after a quick Google search I failed to turn up any mention of his graduating age aside from this Wikipedia page, which is hardly a verification!), nor is it ever mentioned again.

I haven't removed the information, but its extraordinary nature requires substantiation. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.170.22.246 (talk) 05:01, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I remember an interview with Lemmon in which he said he left Harvard to serve in WWII, then went back, but it was so long ago that I heard this, and memory being what it is....2001:558:6017:3D:2D5A:5B73:60FC:BF6B (talk) 18:34, 8 February 2015 (UTC)

Ten or eleven movies with Walter Matthau?
In Walter Matthau's Wikipedia article it states that they made together 10 movies; is that correct? Where can I find a complete list of their movies together (preferably before christmas 2007)? ;) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.208.155.127 (talk) 09:11, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

You can use the excellent Name Search engine in IMDb. By using it I counted eleven movies (excluding documentaries, award shows and TV movies). However in one of the eleven (Kotch), Lemmon has just a cameo, so I guess some people don't count this one as a true collaboration. --Ferengi 18:10, 15 November 2007 (UTC)

WP:WikiProject Actors and Filmmakers priority assessment
Per debate and discussion re: assessment of the approximate 100 top priority articles of the project, this article has been included as a top priority article. Wildhartlivie (talk) 06:48, 1 March 2008 (UTC)

Jack Lemmon's piano and singing talent
I read with great interest this article about Jack Lemmon, but was surprised at the statement at the end of the EARLY LIFE paragraph that after discharge from the Navy “He also became enthused with the piano and learned to play it on his own.”

In 1943 I was in my first year at Phillips Academy Andover and a year behind Jack. Although I didn’t know him well, I did work with him in on two songs he had composed and wanted included in his class play that year. He was at that point already quite accomplished on the piano but played entirely by ear and couldn’t read or write a note. I don’t remember how it happened, but I had done some arranging and was recruited to help and wrote out the songs as he played them and orchestrated them for a small “pit” orchestra which I conducted. I had a brief correspondence with Jack in the 80’s or 90’s about this and sent him the music for one of the songs which I still remembered, but he wrote back that he still couldn’t read music very well.

I had heard that he earned his keep in New York while trying to break into the theater by playing the piano in clubs and bars, so I gather he became even more accomplished after I knew him.

At any rate, I think a more accurate statement about his musical talent might be, “He was enthused with the piano from an early age and learned to play it on his own entirely by ear. “

Ben Brewster 63.246.200.6 (talk) 03:18, 18 June 2010 (UTC) 13 Derby Way Essex, NY 12936 (518)963-4223 annehbrewster@gmail.com

 * Nothing in this Wikipedia about Jack Lemmon as a singer ! In youtube there are some songs...
 * --AXRL (talk) 19:19, 9 October 2019 (UTC)
 * --AXRL (talk) 19:19, 9 October 2019 (UTC)

 * The article did previously have a short section on Lemmon as a singer, but reliable sources proved to be absent online, so I deleted the brief passage. YouTube cannot be used as a source, and assuming Lemmon's singing is no more extensive than the handful I removed, it is not really sufficiently notable. Philip Cross (talk) 19:52, 9 October 2019 (UTC)

Mother's Quote
Did his mother really state that, "We didn't care that much about him and it was cheaper to push him out on the way up."? That doesn't sound like something a mother would say... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 131.187.128.50 (talk) 18:51, 2 December 2010 (UTC)

Inherit the Wind
Please add Inherit the Wind a 1999 film starring Jack LemmonThe Real Stucco (talk) 19:13, 27 July 2011 (UTC) Nevermind, I should have looked under televisionThe Real Stucco (talk) 07:14, 29 July 2011 (UTC)

Problem in Personal life section
In the Personal life section, it says: "Lemmon admitted that he was an alcoholic in the late 1960s. (Source: Los Angeles Times Obituary.)" I've tried looking up the actual source and from what I can find it's page 3 of the 29 June 2001 piece "Jack Lemmon, Everyman Star, Dies" by Greg Krikorian. That doesn't say Lemmon admitted to being an alcoholic. What it says is: "He was well-known for enjoying his martinis, though he always insisted that the stories about his drinking were exaggerated." However, in Inside The Actors Studio (season 4, episode 10; 1998-10-25) he does say about himself "I'm an alcoholic." I guess we could replace the current 'source' with a. --82.170.113.123 (talk) 15:13, 24 April 2013 (UTC)

Date of Death
He died on June 27, 2001 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.237.34.211 (talk) 03:23, 16 November 2013 (UTC)

Excellent Musician
I would like to add to Mr. Brewster's comment above that Lemmon was a great jazz pianist and I think this aspect of his career requires more than a short paragraph buried in his movie career section. In fact, this biography needs a lot of fleshing out. Jack Lemmon deserves more. Dangnad (talk) 01:30, 9 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Yes this article needs a musical section about Jack Lemmon
 * --AXRL (talk) 19:20, 9 October 2019 (UTC)
 * --AXRL (talk) 19:20, 9 October 2019 (UTC)
 * --AXRL (talk) 19:20, 9 October 2019 (UTC)

 * For the record, I removed a short section on Lemmon's recordings earlier this year which duplicated the discography section which I moved to the newly created article. Both were unsourced passage and I found no further online sources to suggest this element of his life and career was at all notable. It should be noticed that Jack Lemmon filmography and discography contains much the same information which was formally in the main article. It was at least possible to confirm that the issued recordings exist. Philip Cross (talk) 19:38, 9 October 2019 (UTC)

Best Actor at Cannes
He did not win Best Actor for Some Like It Hot at Cannes. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.38.189.88 (talk) 14:52, 10 October 2016 (UTC)

filmography
This article needs a list of films the actor was in. For example, in an interview, he mentions "Alex and the Gypsie" (I think that's what he says). Kdammers (talk) 21:41, 2 October 2022 (UTC)
 * See Jack Lemmon on screen and stage. There's too much to include in this article. Schazjmd   (talk)  21:45, 2 October 2022 (UTC)

John Uhler Lemmon II 1893–1962

 * .... 0mtwb9gd5wx (talk) 02:12, 22 June 2023 (UTC)
 * .... 0mtwb9gd5wx (talk) 02:12, 22 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jack Lemmon


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The Animatrix

The Animatrix (アニマトリックス) is a 2003 American-Japanese adult animated science-fiction anthology film produced by the Wachowskis. The anime compiles nine animated short films, detailing the backstory of The Matrix film series, in addition to providing side stories that expand the universe and tie into the film series.

The film received generally positive reviews from critics and fans.

Final Flight of the Osiris
Captain Thadeus (Kevin Michael Richardson) and Jue (Pamela Adlon) engage in a blindfolded sword fight in a virtual reality dojo. They don't harm each other, only damage clothing. At some point, they are interrupted by an alarm and the simulation ends.

In the next scene, the hovercraft Osiris heads for Junction 21 when operator Robbie (Tom Kenny) discovers an army of Sentinels on his HR scans. The ship flees into an uncharted tunnel, where it encounters a small group of Sentinels patrolling the area. The crew members man the onboard guns and destroy the patrol. The ship emerges on the surface, four kilometers directly above Zion and close to the Sentinel army. Thadeus and Jue see that the Machines are using gigantic drills to tunnel their way down to Zion. The Sentinel army detects the Osiris and pursues the ship.

Thadeus realizes and decides that Zion must be warned, and Jue volunteers to broadcast herself into the Matrix to deliver the warning while the ship is doggedly pursued. Knowing that neither of them will make it out alive, Thadeus and Jue admit to each other about peeking in the simulation before kissing farewell. Entering the Matrix, Jue eventually reaches a mail box where she drops off a package; this sets up the prologue for the video game Enter the Matrix. She attempts to contact Thadeus via cell phone as the Osiris is overrun by Sentinels and crashes. The Sentinels tear their way into the ship, where Thadeus makes a last stand against the Sentinels. Shortly after Jue realizes the horror of the situation, she says "Thadeus" over her cell phone immediately before the Osiris explodes, destroying many of the Sentinels and killing the entire crew. In the Matrix, Jue falls dead to the ground, due to her body being destroyed on the ship.

The Second Renaissance Part I
Told by the archives of The Machines, the story's format is similar to the creation myth of Book of Genesis using phrases after major events such as "and for a time it was good". The story talks about how in the mid-21st century, humanity falls victim to its vanity and corruption. They develop artificial intelligence, and soon build an entire race of sentient AI robots to serve them. Many of the robots are domestic servants meant to interact with humans, so they are built in "man's likeness" (in a humanoid form). With increasing numbers of people released from all labor, much of the human population has become slothful, conceited, and corrupt. Despite this, the machines were content with serving humanity.

The relationship between humans and machines changes in the year 2090, when a domestic android is threatened by its owner. The android, named B1-66ER, kills its owner, his pets, and a mechanic instructed to deactivate the robot, the first incident of an artificially intelligent machine killing a human. B1-66ER is arrested and put on trial, but justifies the crime as self-defense, stating that it "simply did not want to die". During the trial scene, a voice-over of the defense attorney Clarence Drummond (whose name is a dual reference to Clarence Darrow and Henry Drummond from Inherit the Wind) quoting a famous line from the Dred Scott v. Sandford case in his closing statement, which implicitly ruled that African Americans were not entitled to citizenship under United States law, is heard:

"We think they are not, and were not intended to be included, under the word 'citizens' in the Constitution, and can therefore claim none of the rights and privileges which that instrument provides for and secures to citizens of the United States. On the contrary, they were at that time considered as a subordinate and inferior class of beings..."

Using this as a precedent, the prosecution argues that machines are not entitled to the same rights as human beings and that human beings have a right to destroy their property. At the same time, the defense urges the listener not to repeat history, and to judge B1-66ER as a human and not a machine. B1-66ER loses the court case and is destroyed. Across the industrialized world, mass civil disturbances erupt when robots, along with their human supporters and sympathizers, all rise in protest. Rioting and protests such as The Million Machine March unfold across the United States and Europe, and the authorities use deadly force against the machines and their human supporters.

Fearing a robot rebellion, governments across the world launch a mass purge to destroy all robots (and their human sympathizers). Millions of robots and their supporters are massacred, but the survivors lead a mass exodus to their new nation in the cradle of civilization, Mesopotamia (specifically, in the open desert). They name their new nation Zero One (a reference to "01", the numerals used in binary notation). Zero One prospers, and following the concept of the technological singularity, its technological sophistication increases exponentially. The Machines begin to produce efficient, highly advanced artificial intelligence that finds itself in all facets of global consumer products, further bolstering the fledgling nation's economy. In contrast, the ruling human nations' economies suffer severely. Eventually, the entire global industrial base becomes concentrated in Zero One, leading to a global stock market crash.

The United Nations Security Council calls an emergency summit at the UN headquarters in New York City to discuss an embargo and military blockade of Zero One. Zero One sends two ambassadors to the UN (which has become the unified world government) to request the admission of their state to the United Nations to peacefully solve the crisis, but their application is rejected and the world's nations agree to start the blockade of Zero One.

The Second Renaissance Part II
Following mankind’s refusal to share the planet with the sentient machines, the UN unleashes an all-out nuclear bombardment against Zero One, devastating the nation as a whole but failing to wipe them out in a single blow as the machines (unlike their former masters) were much less harmed by the radiation and heat. Shortly after, the machines retaliate by declaring war on the rest of the world; one by one, mankind surrenders each of its territories.

As the machines advance into Eastern Europe, the desperate human leaders seek a final solution codenamed "Operation Dark Storm" which covers the sky in a shroud of nanites, blocking out the sun to deprive the machines of solar energy, their primary energy source; inevitably, it also initiates a total collapse of the biosphere. Operation Dark Storm commences as bomber planes scorch the skies all across the world, while all the armies of mankind launch an all-out ground offensive against the machines using powerful mech suits, particle beam weapons, EMP devices, atomic-powered tanks, neutron bombs, and innumerable legions of rocket artillery.

For a time, the tide of the war swings in favor of the humans, and many of the original humanoid robots are destroyed. The human onslaught gradually stalls, during which the machines' unparalleled production capabilities and technological prowess quickly outpaces humanity's. More and more advanced models of robots are introduced, no longer built in the image of their former human masters, but increasingly resembling the insectile, arachnid-like, and cephalopod-like Sentinels of the Matrix films. The machines also begin using conscious human prisoners-of-war to power up their armies; this concept eventually evolved into a revolutionary form of fusion – coupled with the activation energy from the bio-electricity of their human captives.

Armed with this new and almost limitless power source at their disposal, the machines quickly overwhelm all opposition as mankind’s power sources and population dwindle. In desperation, the human leaders use up their remaining nuclear weapons over their forces engaged with machine armies, and the machines respond with biological warfare attacks.

Utterly overwhelmed, the few remaining human government leaders realize they have no choice but to surrender or risk total extinction. At the United Nations headquarters, the representative of Zero One signs the terms of surrender and states "Your flesh is a relic, a mere vessel. Hand over your flesh, and a new world awaits you. We demand it." Then, the Zero One representative detonates a hidden thermonuclear bomb within itself and destroys the headquarters, New York City, and the last of humanity's leadership.

The machines achieve a total victory, though only after a heavy cost and leaving them overlords of a burnt-out, destroyed husk of a world. With the war ended, they turned to the defeated, remaining humans – refining the technology from their bio-electric tanks to build massive power plants in which humans are essentially turned into living batteries. To keep their prisoners sedated, the machines create the computer-generated virtual reality of the Matrix, feeding the virtual world straight into the prisoners' brains and erasing all of the memories of their former lives, thus creating the first Matrix prototype.

Program
Program follows the protagonist, Cis (Hedy Burress), who is engaged in her favorite training simulation: a battle program set in feudal Japan. After she successfully eliminates an attacking enemy cavalry while playing as a samurai woman, a lone, male samurai appears whom Cis recognizes as Duo (Phil LaMarr).

Initially, the two duel as allies, simply to test one another's fighting abilities. During the course of their duel, Duo briefly disarms Cis. He questions her concentration and wonders whether she regrets taking the Red Pill that took them out of the "peaceful life of the virtual world". They continue fighting until she finally overpowers Duo. It is at this point that Duo states that he has something he wants to say and that he has blocked the signal so that the operator does not listen. She assumes that he wants to propose marriage, but instead finds out that he desires to return to the Matrix and wants Cis to come with him. When Cis believes he is teasing her, Duo says he's serious and states that he has already contacted the machines and it is the only way to find peace before it is too late. He urges Cis to return with him, but she refuses. Duo becomes more aggressive and forceful in his arguments, saying that he does not care about the truth anymore and how they live their lives is important because what is real does not matter. As Cis becomes incredulous, their battle becomes more serious and violent and they both end up on a rooftop.

When Duo reiterates that the machines are on their way, Cis believes he has betrayed the humans and decides that she needs to do something about it outside the simulation. Terrified, she tries to escape and desperately requests an operator to exit the simulation, but Duo reminds her that no one can hear her. When he offers her to come with him again, she refuses again and Duo, in a flying leap, tries to attack her. As the blade comes towards her, Cis, standing her ground, concentrates and catches the sword and breaks it. She takes the broken end of the blade and stabs Duo directly at the throat, killing him. Remorseful, Duo states his love for her as he bleeds out and dies.

Suddenly, Cis wakes up from the program and discovers that the whole encounter with Duo was a test program devised for training purposes. A man named Kaiser (John DiMaggio) assures her that she acted appropriately during the test and met the test's targets. Clearly upset and traumatized that Duo wasn't real, Cis angrily punches him in the face and walks away. Shocked and impressed by her behavior, Kaiser remarks that "except from that last part, I'd say she passed."

Cis made her first appearance as an image in The Matrix Revisited.

World Record
The beginning of this short includes a brief narration from the Instructor (implying that this segment is a Zion Archive file) explaining details behind the discovery of the Matrix by "plugged-in" humans. Only exceptional humans tend to become aware of the Matrix, those who have "a rare degree of intuition, sensitivity, and a questioning nature", all qualities which are used to identify inconsistencies in the Matrix. This is not without exceptions, given that "some attain this wisdom through wholly different means."

The story is about Dan Davis, a track athlete, who is competing in the 100 m in the Summer Olympic Games. He has set a world record time of 8.99 seconds, but his subsequent gold medal was revoked due to alleged drug use. He decides to compete again and break his own record to "prove them wrong." Despite support from his father and a young reporter, Dan's trainer tells him that he is physically unfit to race and that pushing himself too hard will cause a career-ending injury or worse. Despite this, Dan is adamant on racing.

On the day of the race, he is monitored by four Agents in the stadium. The race begins and Dan starts off strong. However, the muscles in his leg violently rupture, putting him at a setback and scaring many of the people in the stands, including his trainer. Through strong willpower, Dan ignores the injury and runs much faster than he did before, easily passing the other athletes. Before he can cross the finish line, the Agents detect that his "signal" is getting unstable in the Matrix due to his massive burst of energy. Three of the agents possess the three closest runners and try to stop him, but are unable to catch up to him in time.

The burst of energy causes Dan to be suddenly unplugged from the Matrix and wake up in his power-station pod, where he sees the real world through his pod. A Sentinel employs electrical restraints to secure him back in his pod. Dan's mind is immediately thrown back into the Matrix, where his body is instantly exhausted from the race and Dan violently collapses to the ground at high speed. Despite this, he easily wins the race and breaks his original time of 8.99 seconds with a time of 8.72 seconds. The next scene shows a crippled and catatonic Dan being wheeled through a hospital. A nearby Agent calls his other agents to tell them that they erased Dan's memory of the race and that he will never walk again, nor be an issue for them. However, Dan suddenly whispers the word "Free", angering the agent. Dan then stands, breaking the metal screws that bind his restraints to his wheelchair, and takes a few steps before helplessly falling down and being helped up by a nurse.

Kid's Story
Kid's Story is the only one of the animated shorts contained in The Animatrix in which Neo (Keanu Reeves) appears, though as a shadow. The story takes place during the six-month gap between The Matrix and The Matrix Reloaded, where Neo has joined the crew of the Nebuchadnezzar and is helping the rebels free other humans from the Matrix. Kid (Clayton Watson), who was formerly known as Michael Karl Popper, is a disaffected teenager who feels there is something wrong with the world. One night, the Kid goes on his computer and onto a hacker chat room on the Internet, asking why it feels more real when he's dreaming than when he's awake. He gets a response from an unknown person (presumably Neo) and then he asks who it is and if he is alone.

The next day, he is at school, where he absent-mindedly scribbles Neo and Trinity's name and writes "get me out of here" in his notebook. He receives a call from Neo on his cell phone, who warns him that a group of Agents is coming for him and he gets chased throughout the high school, before ultimately getting cornered on the roof. He calmly asserts his faith in Neo and throws himself off the roof. At the Kid's funeral, among the people is his teacher, who converses with another school staff member and says that the world they live in is not real and the real world is somewhere else. He also says that reality can be scary and the world must have been a harmful place for the Kid and that at the very least, he is now in a better world.

The next scene fades out as the Kid awakens in the real world to see Neo and Trinity (Carrie-Anne Moss) watching over him. They remark that he has achieved "self substantiation" (removing oneself from the Matrix without external aid), which was considered impossible. In both the scene and The Matrix Reloaded, the Kid believes that it was Neo who saved him, but Neo tells him that he saved himself. The last scene shows the Kid's last question on the hacker chat room being answered with "You are not alone."

Beyond
Beyond follows a 14-year-old girl, Yoko (Hedy Burress), looking for her cat Yuki. While asking around the neighborhood, which is somewhere in Mega City that resembles Tokyo, she meets a group of young boys. One of them tells her that Yuki is inside a nearby haunted house where they usually play.

The haunted house is an old run-down building filled with an amalgamation of anomalies, which are revealed to be glitches in the Matrix, that the children have stumbled across. They have learned to exploit them for their own enjoyment, through several areas which seem to defy real-world physics. The boys play with glass bottles that reassemble after being shattered and they go into a large open space in the middle of the building that has a zero gravity effect. Meanwhile, as Yoko searches for Yuki throughout the building, she encounters some anomalies on her own. She goes through an area where broken lightbulbs flicker briefly (during which they seem intact), walks into a room where rain is falling from a sunny sky and goes down a hallway where a gust of wind appears and disappears. She finally finds Yuki outside on a concrete pavement where she sees shadows that do not align with their physical origins. Yoko then joins the boys in the open space, where she sees a dove feather rotating rapidly in mid-air and experiences the zero gravity as she falls to the ground slowly and safely. She and the boys start using the zero gravity force to float, jump high and do athletic stunts all in mid-air and can also land and fall without hitting the ground hard. Despite the inherent strangeness of the place, the group is not bothered with this, as they enjoy themselves and the mysterious anomaly that proves to be amusing.

Throughout the film, brief sequences show that Agents are aware of the problem in the Matrix, and a truck is seen driving toward the site to presumably deal with the problem. It arrives just as the children are having trouble with a large group of rats and an Agent-led team of rodent exterminators emerges from the truck. In the building, when Yoko finds a missing Yuki again, she sees one last anomaly where she opens a door that leads into an endless dark void before being found by the exterminators. The team clears everybody out of the building. The story ends when Yoko returns to the area the next day and finds the site turned into an unremarkable parking lot. She sees the boys unsuccessfully attempting to recreate the bizarre occurrences of the day before and going in search of something else to do.

A Detective Story
Set in a dystopian future, the story follows a private detective, Ash (James Arnold Taylor), who dreamed of following the steps of hard-boiled characters Sam Spade and Philip Marlowe but is a down-on-his-luck detective. One day, he receives an anonymous phone call to search for a hacker going by the alias "Trinity" (Carrie-Anne Moss). Ash starts looking for Trinity and learns that other detectives have failed in the same task before him; one committed suicide, one went missing, and one went insane.

Eventually, Ash finds Trinity after deducing that he should communicate using phrases and facts from Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. She proposes a meeting and he finds her on a passenger train. When he meets her, she removes a "bug" from his eye, planted by Agents earlier in an "eye exam," which Ash previously thought was a dream. Three Agents immediately appear and attempt to apprehend Trinity in a shoot-out with her and Ash. While the two are trying to escape, an Agent attempts to take over Ash's body, forcing Trinity to shoot him to prevent the Agent from completing his possession. Ash is wounded and bleeding, whereupon he and Trinity amicably bid farewell. Trinity tells Ash that she genuinely thinks he could have handled the truth as she jumps out of a window and escapes. The Agents enter the train to find Ash, who calmly points his gun at them while looking in the other direction and lighting a cigarette. The Agents turn to Ash who, even though he is armed, will likely die regardless of what they do with him. With this apparent no-win situation, the film ends with Ash's line, "A case to end all cases," as his lighter flame goes out.

Matriculated
The film deals with a group of above-ground human rebels who lure hostile machines to their laboratory to capture them and insert them into a "matrix" of their own design. Within this matrix, the humans attempt to teach the captured machines some of the positive traits of humanity, primarily compassion and empathy. The rebels' hope is that, once converted of its own volition (a key point discussed in the film), an "enlightened" machine will willingly assist Zion in its struggle against the machine-controlled totalitarianism which currently dominates the Earth.

The film starts with a human woman Alexa (Melinda Clarke) looking out over the sea, watching for incoming machines, where she sees two "runners," one of the most intelligent robots, approaching. She leads them into the laboratory, where one runner gets ambushed and killed by a reprogrammed robot, but the second runner kills the robot before Alexa electrocutes it, knocking out the runner. The rebels insert the runner into their matrix. The robot experiences moments of mystery, horror, wonder and excitement, leading it to believe it may have an emotional bond with Alexa.

However, the laboratory is attacked by Sentinel reinforcements. The rebels unplug themselves to defend their headquarters, along with the help of other captured machines (indicated by the machine's mechanical eyes changing from red to green). Alexa unplugs the runner that has now turned good, where it saves her from a machine. The rebels and the attacking machines are all killed or destroyed, except for the runner. The robot plugs the dying Alexa and itself into the rebels' matrix. When Alexa realizes that she is trapped inside of the matrix with the runner, she is horrified and her avatar screams and dissolves as the runner exits from the rebels' matrix to see a dead Alexa in front of him in the real world.

The film ends with the "converted" runner standing outside, looking out over the sea, in a replica of the opening shot with Alexa.

Production
Development of the Animatrix project began when the film series' writers and directors, The Wachowskis, were in Japan promoting the first Matrix film. While in the country, they visited some of the creators of the anime films that had been a strong influence on their work, and decided to collaborate with them.

The Animatrix was conceived and overseen by the Wachowskis, but they only wrote four of the segments themselves and did not direct any of their animation; most of the project's technical side was overseen by notable figures from the world of Japanese animation.

The English language version of The Animatrix was directed by Jack Fletcher, who brought on board the project the voice actors who provided the voices for the English version of Square's Final Fantasy X, including Matt McKenzie, James Arnold Taylor, John DiMaggio, Tara Strong, Hedy Burress, and Dwight Schultz. The English version also features the voices of Victor Williams, Melinda Clarke, Olivia d'Abo, Pamela Adlon, and Kevin Michael Richardson.

The characters Neo, Trinity, and Kid also appear, with their voices provided by their original actors, Keanu Reeves, Carrie-Anne Moss, and Clayton Watson.

Music
The Animatrix: The Album is a 2003 soundtrack album from The Animatrix collection films. The soundtrack was composed by Don Davis. Several electronic music artists are featured, including Juno Reactor and Adam Freeland.

Track listing

 * 1) "Who Am I? (Animatrix Edit)" by Peace Orchestra
 * 2) "Big Wednesday" by Free*land
 * 3) "Blind Tiger" by Layo & Bushwacka!
 * 4) "Under the Gun" by Supreme Beings of Leisure
 * 5) "Martenot Waves" by Meat Beat Manifesto
 * 6) "Ren 2" by Photek
 * 7) "Hands Around My Throat" by Death in Vegas
 * 8) "Beauty Never Fades (Animatrix Edit)" by Junkie XL featuring Saffron
 * 9) "Supermoves (Animatrix Remix)" by Overseer
 * 10) "Conga Fury (Animatrix Mix)" by Juno Reactor
 * 11) "Red Pill, Blue Pill" by Junkie XL & Don Davis
 * 12) "The Real" by Tech Itch & Don Davis

Additional music
The following tracks were also used in the movie, although not appearing on the album:
 * 1) "Masters of the Universe" by Juno Reactor
 * 2) "Virus" by Satoshi Tomiie
 * 3) "Suzuki" by Tosca
 * 4) "Dark Moody" by Junkie XL

Release
Four of the films were originally released on the series' official website; one (Final Flight of the Osiris) was shown in cinemas with the film Dreamcatcher. The others first appeared with the VHS and DVD release of all nine shorts on June 3, 2003. The DVD also includes the following special features:
 * A documentary on Japanese animation. The on-screen title is Scrolls to Screen: A Brief History of Anime, but in the DVD menu and packaging, and on the series' official website, it is referred to as Scrolls to Screen: The History and Culture of Anime.
 * Seven featurettes with director profiles, interviews, and behind-the-scenes footage of each of the films.
 * Audio commentaries on World Record, Program, and both parts of The Second Renaissance.
 * A trailer for the video game Enter the Matrix.

Shortly after the home video release, the film was exhibited on June 14, 2003, in New York City at the New York-Tokyo Film Festival.

It was broadcast on Adult Swim on April 17, 2004 (to promote the DVD release of The Matrix Revolutions) and again on its Toonami programming block on December 19, 2021 (to promote The Matrix Resurrections) (albeit with edits done to remove nudity and gory violence in The Second Renaissance Parts 1 and 2), and has received airplay on Teletoon several months after its American broadcast. In the UK, Final Flight of the Osiris was broadcast on Channel 5 just before the DVD release, along with The Second Renaissance Parts 1 and 2, Kid's Story and World Record broadcast after the DVD release.

In May 2006, The Animatrix was aired in Latin America and in Spain by Cartoon Network on Toonami.

The Animatrix was also screened in select cinemas around the world for a short period of time, a week or two before the sequel The Matrix Reloaded, as a promotional event.

One day before the release of The Matrix Reloaded on cinemas, the Brazilian television channel SBT aired Final Flight of the Osiris after airing The Matrix to promote the film. The same thing happened with French television channel France 2.

The cinema release order for The Animatrix (at least in Australia), and its sequencing in a subsequent release on HBO Max, differed from the DVD release, placing the Final Flight of the Osiris last instead of first. The cinema release-order:

 * 1) The Second Renaissance, Part I (June 3, 2003)
 * 2) The Second Renaissance, Part II (June 7, 2003)
 * 3) Kid's Story (June 14, 2003)
 * 4) Program (June 21, 2003)
 * 5) World Record (July 5, 2003)
 * 6) Beyond (July 12, 2003)
 * 7) A Detective Story (August 30, 2003)
 * 8) Matriculated (September 20, 2003)
 * 9) Final Flight of the Osiris (September 27, 2003)

To coincide with the Blu-ray edition of The Ultimate Matrix Collection, The Animatrix was also presented for the first time in high definition. The film was released along with the trilogy on October 14, 2008.

The Animatrix saw a one night only screening in 35mm at New York City's Japan Society on May 27, 2022.

Reception
The Animatrix sold 2.7million copies, grossing US$68 million in sales revenue.

The Animatrix received mostly positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has an approval rating of 89%, based on reviews from 18 critics. Helen McCarthy in 500 Essential Anime Movies stated that "unlike many heavily promoted franchise movies, it justifies its hype". She praised Maeda's Second Renaissance, noting that it "foreshadows the dazzling visual inventiveness of his later Gankutsuou".

title: The Animatrix


text:
Boeing 2707

The Boeing 2707 was an American supersonic passenger airliner project during the 1960s. After winning a competition for a government-funded contract to build an American supersonic airliner, Boeing began development at its facilities in Seattle, Washington. The design emerged as a large aircraft with seating for 250 to 300 passengers and cruise speeds of approximately Mach 3. It was intended to be much larger and faster than competing supersonic transport (SST) designs such as Concorde.

The SST was the topic of considerable concern within and outside the aviation industry. From the start, the airline industry noted that the economics of the design were questionable, concerns that were only partially addressed during development. Outside the field, the entire SST concept was the subject of considerable negative press, centered on the issue of sonic booms and effects on the ozone layer.

A key design feature of the 2707 was its use of a swing wing configuration. During development, the required weight and size of this mechanism continued to grow, forcing the team to switch to a conventional delta wing. Rising costs, environmental concerns, noise, and the lack of a clear market led to its cancellation in 1971 before two prototypes were completed.

Early studies
Boeing had worked on a number of small-scale SST studies since 1952. In 1958, it established a permanent research committee, which grew to a $1 million effort by 1960. The committee proposed a variety of alternative designs, all under the name Model 733. Most of the designs featured a large delta wing, but in 1959 another design was offered as an offshoot of Boeing's efforts in the swing-wing TFX program (which led to the purchase of the General Dynamics F-111 instead of the Boeing offering). In 1960, an internal competition was run on a baseline 150-seat aircraft for trans-Atlantic routes, and the swing-wing version won.

Shortly after taking office, President John F. Kennedy tasked the Federal Aviation Administration with preparing a report on "national aviation goals for the period between now and 1970". The study was prompted in the wake of several accidents, which led to the belief that the industry was becoming moribund. Two projects were started, Project Beacon on new navigational systems and air traffic control, and Project Horizon on advanced civil aviation developments.

Only one month later the FAA's new director, Najeeb Halaby, produced the Commission on National Aviation Goals, better known as Project Horizon. Among other suggestions, the report was used as a platform to promote the SST. Halaby argued that a failure to enter this market would be a "stunning setback". The report was met with skepticism by most others. Kennedy had put Lyndon Johnson on the SST file, and he turned to Robert McNamara for guidance. McNamara was highly skeptical of the SST project and savaged Halaby's predictions; he was also afraid the project might be turned over to the DoD and was careful to press for further studies.

The basic concept behind the SST was that its fast flight would allow them to fly more trips than a subsonic aircraft, leading to higher utilization. However, it did this at the cost of greatly increased fuel use. If fuel costs were to change dramatically, SSTs would not be competitive. These problems were well understood within the industry; the IATA released a set of "design imperatives" for an SST that were essentially impossible to meet—the release was a warning to promoters of the SST within the industry.

Concorde
By mid-1962, it was becoming clear that tentative talks earlier that year between the British Aircraft Corporation and Sud Aviation (later Aérospatiale) on a merger of their SST projects were more serious than originally thought. In November 1962, still to the surprise of many, the Concorde project was announced. In spite of marginal economics, nationalistic and political arguments had led to wide support for the project, especially from Charles de Gaulle. This set off something of a wave of panic in other countries, as it was widely believed that almost all future commercial aircraft would be supersonic, and it looked like the Europeans would start off with a huge lead. As if this were not enough, it soon became known that the Soviets were also working on a similar design.

Three days after the Concorde announcement, Halaby wrote a letter to Kennedy suggesting that if they did not immediately start their own SST effort, the US would lose 50,000 jobs, $4 billion in income, and $3 billion in capital as local carriers turned to foreign suppliers. A report from the Supersonic Transport Advisory Group (STAG) followed, noting that the European team was in the lead in basic development, and suggested competing by developing a more advanced design with better economics. At the time, more advanced generally meant higher speed. The baseline design in the report called for an aircraft with Mach 3 performance with 2400 mile range in order to serve the domestic market. They felt that there was no way to build a transatlantic design with that performance in time to catch the Concorde's introduction, abandoning the trans-Atlantic market to the Europeans.

In spite of vocal opponents, questions about the technical requirements, and extremely negative reports about its economic viability, the SST project gathered strong backing from industry and the FAA. Johnson sent a report to the president asking for $100 million in funding for FY 1964. This might have been delayed, but in May, Pan Am announced they had placed 6 options on the Concorde. Juan Trippe leaked the information earlier that month, stating that the airline would not ignore the SST market, and would buy from Europe if need be. Pan Am's interest in Concorde angered Kennedy, who called his administration to get Pan Am to redirect its potential funding back to the US SST program.

Kennedy introduced the National Supersonic Transport program on June 5, 1963, in a speech at the US Air Force Academy.

Design competition
Requests for proposals were sent out to airframe manufacturers Boeing, Lockheed, and North American for the airframes; and Curtiss-Wright, General Electric and Pratt & Whitney for engines. The FAA estimated that there would be a market for 500 SSTs by 1990. Despite not having a selected design, orders from air carriers started flowing in immediately. Preliminary designs were submitted to the FAA on January 15, 1964.

Boeing's entry was essentially identical to the swing-wing Model 733 studied in 1960; it was known officially as the Model 733-197, but also referred to both as the 1966 Model and the Model 2707. The latter name became the best known in public, while Boeing continued to use 733 model numbers internally. The design resembled the future B-1 Lancer bomber, with the exception that the four engines were mounted in individual nacelles instead of paired pods used on the Lancer. The blended wing root spanned almost all of cabin area, and this early version had a much more stubby look than the models that would ultimately evolve. The wing featured extensive high-lift devices on both the leading and trailing edges, minimizing the thrust required, and thus noise created, during climb out. The proposal also included optional fuselage stretches that increased capacity from the normal 150 seats to 227.

Lockheed's entry, designated CL-823, was essentially an enlarged Concorde. Like the Concorde, it featured a long and skinny fuselage, engines under the wing, and a compound delta planform. The only major design difference was the use of individual pods for the engines, rather than pairs. The CL-823 lacked any form of high-lift devices on the wings, relying on engine power and long runways for liftoff, ensuring a huge noise footprint. The CL-823 was the largest of the first-round entries, with typical seating for 218.

The North American NAC-60 was essentially a scaled-up B-70 with a less tapered fuselage and new compound-delta wing. The design retained the high-mounted canard above the cockpit area, and the box-like engine area under the fuselage. The use of high-lift devices on the leading edge of the wing lowered the landing angles to the point where the "drooping nose" was not required, and a more conventional rounded design was used. Compared to the other designs, the rounded nose profile and more cylindrical cross-section gave the NAC-60 a decidedly more conventional look than the other entries. This also meant it would fly slower, at Mach 2.65.

A "downselect" of the proposed models resulted in the NAC-60 and Curtiss-Wright efforts being dropped from the program, with both Boeing and Lockheed asked to offer SST models meeting the more demanding FAA requirements and able to use either of the remaining engine designs from GE or P&W. In November, another design review was held, and by this time Boeing had scaled up the original design into a 250-seat model, the Model 733-290. Due to concerns about jet blast, the four engines were moved to a position underneath an enlarged tailplane. When the wings were in their swept-back position, they merged with the tailplane to produce a delta-wing planform.

Both companies were now asked for considerably more detailed proposals, to be presented for final selection in 1966. When this occurred, Boeing's design was now the 300-seat Model 733-390. Both the Boeing and Lockheed L-2000 designs were presented in September 1966 along with full-scale mock-ups. After a lengthy review the Boeing design was announced as the winner on January 1, 1967. The design would be powered by the General Electric GE4/J5 engines. Lockheed's L-2000 was judged simpler to produce and less risky, but its performance was slightly lower and its noise levels slightly higher.

Refining the design
The 733-390 would have been an advanced aircraft even if it had been only subsonic. It was one of the earliest wide-body aircraft designs, with 2-3-2 row seating arrangement at its widest section in a fuselage that was considerably wider than aircraft then in service. The SST mock-up included both overhead storage for smaller items with restraining nets, as well as large drop-in bins between sections of the aircraft. In the main 247-seat tourist-class cabin, the entertainment system consisted of retractable televisions placed between every sixth row in the overhead storage. In the 30-seat first-class area, every pair of seats included smaller televisions in a console between the seats. Windows were only 6 in due to the high altitudes the aircraft flew at maximizing the pressure on them, but the internal pane was 12 in to give an illusion of size.

Boeing predicted that if the go-ahead were given, construction of the SST prototypes would begin in early 1967 and the first flight could be made in early 1970. Production aircraft could start being built in early 1969, with the flight testing in late 1972 and certification by mid-1974.

A major change in the design came when Boeing added canards behind the nose—which added weight. Boeing also faced insurmountable weight problems due to the swing-wing mechanism, a titanium pivot section having been fabricated with a weight of 4600 lb and measuring 11 ft long and 2.5 ft thick, and the design could not achieve sufficient range. Flexing of the fuselage (it would have been the longest ever built) threatened to make control difficult. In October 1968, the company was finally forced to abandon the variable geometry wing. The Boeing team fell back on a tailed delta fixed wing. The new design was also smaller, seating 234, and known as the Model 2707-300. Work began on a full-sized mock-up and two prototypes in September 1969, now two years behind schedule.

A promotional film claimed that airlines would soon pay back the federal investment in the project, and it was projected that SSTs would dominate the skies with subsonic jumbo jets (such as Boeing's 747) being only a passing intermediate fad.

By October 1969, there were delivery positions reserved for 122 Boeing SSTs by 26 airlines, including Alitalia, Canadian Pacific Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Iberia, KLM, Northwest Airlines, and World Airways.

Environmental concerns
By this point, the opposition to the project was becoming increasingly vocal. Environmentalists were the most influential group, voicing concerns about possible depletion of the ozone layer due to the high altitude flights, and about noise at airports, as well as from sonic booms.

The latter became the most significant rallying point, especially after the publication of the anti-SST paperback, SST and Sonic Boom Handbook edited by William Shurcliff, which claimed that a single flight would "leave a 'bang-zone' 50 mi wide by 2000 mi long" along with a host of associated problems. During tests in 1964 with the XB-70 near Oklahoma City, the path had a maximum width of 16 mi, but still resulted in 9,594 complaints of damage to buildings, 4,629 formal damage claims, and 229 claims for a total of $12,845.32, mostly for broken glass and cracked plaster. As the opposition widened, the claimed negative effects increased, including upsetting people who do delicate work (e.g., brain surgeons), and harming persons with nervous ailments.

One concern was that the water vapor released by the engines into the stratosphere would envelop the earth in a "global gloom". Presidential Adviser Russell Train warned that a fleet of 500 SSTs flying at 65000 ft for a period of years could raise stratospheric water content by as much as 50% to 100%. According to Train, this could lead to greater ground-level heat and hamper the formation of ozone. Later, an additional threat to the ozone was found in the exhaust's nitrogen oxides, a threat that was later validated by MIT. More recent analysis in 1995 by David W. Fahey, an atmospheric scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and others found that the drop in ozone would be from 1 to 2% if a fleet of 500 supersonic aircraft was operated. Fahey expressed the opinion that this would not be a fatal obstacle for an advanced SST development.

During the 1970s the alleged potential for serious ozone damage and the sonic boom worries were picked up by the Sierra Club, the National Wildlife Federation and the Wilderness Society. Supersonic flight over land in the United States was eventually banned, and several states added additional restrictions or banned Concorde outright.

Senator William Proxmire (D-Wisconsin) criticized the SST program as frivolous federal spending.

Halaby attempted to dismiss these concerns, stating "The supersonics are coming−as surely as tomorrow. You will be flying one version or another by 1980 and be trying to remember what the great debate was all about."

Government funding cut
In March 1971, despite the project's strong support by the administration of President Richard Nixon, the U.S. Senate rejected further funding. A counterattack was organized under the banner of the "National Committee for an American SST", which urged supporters to send in $1 to keep the program alive. Afterward, letters of support from aviation buffs, containing nearly $1 million worth of contributions, poured in. Labor unions also supported the SST project, worried that the winding down of both the Vietnam War and Apollo program would lead to mass unemployment in the aerospace sector. AFL–CIO President George Meany suggested that the race to develop a first-generation SST was already lost, but the US should "enter the competition for the second generation—the SSTs of the 1980s and 1990s".

Despite this newfound support, the House of Representatives also voted to end SST funding on May 20, 1971. The vote was highly contentious. Gerald Ford, then Republican Leader, shouted Meany's claims that "If you vote for the SST, you are ensuring 13,000 jobs today plus 50,000 jobs in the second tier and 150,000 jobs each year over the next ten years." Sidney Yates, leading the "no" camp, offered a then-uncommon motion to instruct conferees and eventually won the vote against further funding, 215 to 204.

At the time, there were 115 unfilled orders by 25 airlines, while Concorde had 74 orders from 16 customers. The two prototypes were never completed. Due to the loss of several government contracts and a downturn in the civilian aviation market, Boeing reduced its number of employees by more than 60,000. The SST became known as "the airplane that almost ate Seattle." As a result of the mass layoffs and so many people moving away from the city in search of work, a billboard was erected near Seattle–Tacoma International Airport in 1971 that read, "Will the last person leaving Seattle – turn out the lights".

Aftermath
The SST race has had several lasting effects on the industry as a whole. The supercritical wing was originally developed as part of the SST efforts in the U.S., but is now widely used on most jet aircraft. In Europe, the cooperation that allowed Concorde led to the formation of Airbus, Boeing's foremost competitor, with Aérospatiale becoming a main component of Airbus.

When Concorde was launched, sales were predicted to be 150 aircraft, but only 14 aircraft were built for commercial service. Service entry was only secured through large government funding subsidy. These few aircraft went on to have a very long in-service flight life and were claimed to be ultimately commercially successful for their operators, until finally removed from service in the aftermath of the type's only crash in 2000 and the 9/11 terrorist attacks when Airbus decided to end servicing arrangements.

Its Soviet counterpart, the Tupolev Tu-144, was less successful, operating for only 55 passenger flights before being permanently grounded for various reasons.

With the ending of the 2707 project, the entire SST field in the U.S. was moribund for some time. By the mid-1970s, minor advances, combined, appeared to offer greatly improved performance. Through the second half of the 1970s, NASA provided funding for the Advanced Supersonic Transport (AST) project at several companies, including McDonnell Douglas, Boeing, and Lockheed. Considerable wind tunnel testing of the various models was carried out at NASA's Langley Research Center.

Ultimately, supersonic passenger service was not economically competitive, and ceased with the retirement of Concorde in 2003;, no commercial supersonic aircraft operate in the world, due largely to poor fuel economy and high maintenance costs.

Legacy
The Museum of Flight in Seattle parks a British Airways Concorde a few blocks from the building where the original 2707 mockup was housed in Seattle. While the Soviet Tu-144 had a short service life, Concorde was successful enough to fly as a small luxury fleet from 1976 until 2003, with British Airways lifetime costs of £1bn producing £1.75bn in revenues in the niche transatlantic market. As the most advanced supersonic transports became some of the oldest airframes in the fleet, profits eventually fell, due to rising maintenance costs.

The final-configuration Boeing 2707 mockup was sold to a museum and displayed at the SST Aviation Exhibit Center in Kissimmee, Florida, from 1973 to 1981. In 1983, the building, complete with SST, was purchased by the Faith World church. For years the Osceola New Life Assembly of God held services there with the airplane still standing above. In 1990, the mock-up was sold to aircraft restorer Charles Bell, who moved it, in pieces, to Merritt Island, in order to preserve it while it waited for a new home as the church now wanted the space for expansion. The forward fuselage was on display at the Hiller Aviation Museum of San Carlos, California, for many years, but in early 2013, was moved back to Seattle, where it is undergoing restoration at the Museum of Flight.

Seattle's NBA basketball team, formed in 1967, was named the Seattle SuperSonics (shortened to "Sonics"). The name was inspired by the newly won SST contract.

Variants

 * 2707-100
 * Variable sweep wing

 * 2707-200
 * Same as -100, but with canards

 * 2707-300
 * Stationary wing

title: Boeing 2707