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Sunderland A.F.C.

Sunderland Association Football Club is a professional football club based in the city of Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, England. The club competes in the Championship, the second tier of English football.

Formed in 1879, the club has won six top-flight titles (1892, 1893, 1895, 1902, 1913, and 1936) in the First Division, and has finished runners-up five times. The club has also won the FA Cup twice (1937 and 1973) and been runners-up twice (1913 and 1992), as well as winning the FA Charity Shield in 1936 and being finalists the following year. Sunderland have also been Football League Cup finalists in 1985 and 2014.

Nicknamed the Black Cats, Sunderland play their home games at the 49,000-capacity all-seater Stadium of Light having moved from Roker Park in 1997. The original ground capacity was 42,000 which was increased to 49,000 following expansion in 2000. The club has a long-standing rivalry with nearby club Newcastle United, with whom the Tyne–Wear derby has been contested since 1898. The club has played in red and white-striped shirts and black shorts for nearly the entirety of its history.

Early years and the "Team of All Talents" (1879–1908)
The club was founded as Sunderland and District Teachers A.F.C. by schoolmaster James Allan in what has commonly been believed to be October 1879. However, evidence suggests that the club was not formally created until a year later, on 25 September 1880. It was renamed as Sunderland A.F.C. and became open to more than just school teachers in October 1880.

Sunderland joined The Football League for the 1890–91 season. Tom Watson became Sunderland's first manager when he was appointed in 1888. During the late 19th century, they were declared the "Team of All Talents" by William McGregor, the founder of the league, after a 7–2 win against Aston Villa. Sunderland won the league championship in the 1891–92 season, one season after joining The Football League, and this performance led The Times to describe the players as "a wonderfully fine team". Sunderland successfully defended the title the following season, aided by their Scottish centre forward John Campbell, who broke the 30-goal mark for the second time in consecutive seasons. In the process, they became the first team to score 100 goals in a season, a feat not matched until 1919–20.

Sunderland came close to winning a third successive league championship in the 1893–94 season, finishing second behind Aston Villa. However, they regained the title in the 1894–95 season, with Campbell becoming league top scorer for the third time. Sunderland then beat Scottish champions Heart of Midlothian in a game described as the "World Championship" match. Their goalkeeper Ned Doig set a 19th-century world record by not conceding any goals in 87 of his 290 top division appearances (30%). From 1886 until 1898, Sunderland's home ground was in Newcastle Road. In 1898, the club moved to what would become their home for almost a century, Roker Park. Initially the ground had a capacity of 30,000.

After taking Sunderland to three English League championship titles manager Watson resigned at the end of the 1895–96 season, in order to join Liverpool. Robert Campbell replaced him. Campbell did not achieve the same playing success as Watson, as Sunderland failed to win any titles in his three seasons at the club.

Scotsman Alex Mackie replaced Campbell as manager for the 1899 season. Following a second-place finish in 1900–01, the club won their fourth league title in the 1901–02 season, and followed this up with victory in the Sheriff of London Charity Shield.

In December 1902, Arthur Bridgett joined Sunderland. He went on to captain the "Black Cats" for ten years and gain eleven England caps, making him the club's second most-capped England international behind Dave Watson.

Further league championship titles (1908–1945)
On 5 December 1908, Sunderland achieved their highest ever league win, 9–1 against north-east rivals Newcastle United. Under Irish manager Bob Kyle and with Scottish Charles Thomson as captain, the club won the league again in 1913, but lost their first FA Cup final 1–0 to Aston Villa.

Two seasons later the First World War brought the league to a halt. After the league's resumption, Sunderland came close to winning another championship in the 1922–23 season, when they were runners-up to Liverpool. They also came close the following season, finishing third. The club escaped relegation from the First Division by one point in the 1927–28 season despite 35 goals from Dave Halliday. Halliday improved his goal scoring to 43 goals in 42 games the following season, an all-time Sunderland record for goals scored in a single season.

The club's sixth league championship came in the 1935–36 season under Scottish manager Johnny Cochrane. They scored 109 goals during the season, with Raich Carter and Bobby Gurney each scoring 31. They followed this by winning the Charity Shield against FA Cup winners Arsenal.

Despite winning the league, the season did not go without tragedy. The young goalkeeper of the team, Jimmy Thorpe, died as a result of being kicked after he had picked up the ball following a backpass against Chelsea. He continued to take part until the match finished, but collapsed at home and died in hospital four days later. This incident led to a change in the rules, whereby players were no longer allowed to raise their foot to a goalkeeper when he had control of the ball in his arms.

They won the FA Cup the following season, after a 3–1 victory against Preston North End at Wembley Stadium. Some football was still played during the Second World War as a morale boosting exercise, in the form of the Football League War Cup. Sunderland were finalists in the tournament in 1942.

"The Bank of England" club, financial troubles and three cup finals (1945–1995)
For Sunderland, the immediate post-war years were characterised by significant spending; the club paid £18,000 (£ today) for Carlisle United's Ivor Broadis in January 1949. Broadis was also Carlisle's manager at the time, and this is the first instance of a player transferring himself to another club. This, along with record-breaking transfer fees to secure the services of Len Shackleton and the Welsh international Trevor Ford, led to a contemporary nickname, the "Bank of England club". The club finished third in the First Division in 1950, their highest finish since the 1936 championship.

The late 1950s saw a sharp downturn in Sunderland's fortunes, and the club was once again implicated in a major financial scandal in 1957. Found guilty of making payments to players in excess of the maximum wage, they were fined £5,000 (£0 today), and their chairman and three directors were suspended. The following year, Sunderland were relegated from the highest division for the first time in their 68-year league history. Sunderland's absence from the top flight lasted six years. After a close call in the previous season, the club was promoted to Division One in 1964 after finishing in second place. At the end of the decade, they were again relegated to the Second Division after finishing 21st.

Sunderland won their last major trophy in 1973, in a 1–0 victory over Don Revie's Leeds United in the FA Cup Final. A Second Division club at the time, Sunderland won the game thanks mostly to the efforts of their goalkeeper Jimmy Montgomery. Ian Porterfield scored a volley in the 30th minute to beat Leeds and take the trophy. Since 1973 only two other clubs, Southampton in 1976, and West Ham United in 1980, have equalled Sunderland's achievement of lifting the FA Cup while playing outside the top tier of English football.

By winning the FA Cup, Sunderland qualified for the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, the club's only appearance in European competition to date. They beat Vasas Budapest but then lost on aggregate to Sporting of Portugal in the second round. After spending six seasons in the Second Division, Sunderland were promoted to Division One in the 1975–76 season, but were relegated again the following season, despite a late-season comeback which saw them win two matches 6–0 and 6–1.

Sunderland appeared in their first League Cup final in 1985, but lost 1–0 to Norwich City. In 1987, Sunderland saw one of the lowest points in their history, when they were relegated to the Third Division of the English league for the first time. Under new chairman Bob Murray and new manager Denis Smith, the club was promoted the following season. In 1990, they were promoted back to the top flight in unusual circumstances, losing to Swindon Town in the play-off final, but Swindon's promotion was revoked after the club was found guilty of financial irregularities and Sunderland were promoted instead. They stayed up for one year before being relegated on the final day of the following season. Sunderland's next outing in a major final came in 1992 when, as a Second Division club, they returned to the FA Cup final. There was to be no repeat of the heroics of 1973, as Sunderland lost 2–0 to Liverpool.

New stadium, promotions and relegations (1995–2006)
In 1995, they faced the prospect of a return to the third-tier of English football. Peter Reid was brought in as manager, and quickly turned things around. Reid's time in charge had a stabilising effect; he remained manager for seven years. After promotion from Division One in the 1995–96 season, Sunderland began their first season in the Premier League, but finished third from the bottom and were relegated back to the First Division.

In 1997, Sunderland left Roker Park and moved to the Stadium of Light, a 42,000-seat arena that, at the time, was the largest stadium built in England after the Second World War. The capacity was later increased to 49,000.

Sunderland returned to the Premier League as First Division champions in 1999 with a then-record 105 points. At the end of the season Sunderland finished seventh, with Kevin Phillips winning the European Golden Shoe in his first top-flight season, scoring 30 goals.

Another seventh-place finish in the 2000–01 season was followed by two less successful seasons, and they were relegated to the second-tier with a then-record low 19 points in 2003. Former Ireland manager Mick McCarthy took over at the club, and, in 2005, he took Sunderland up as champions for the third time in less than 10 years. However, the club's stay in the top flight was short-lived as Sunderland were once again relegated, this time with a new record-low total of 15 points. McCarthy left the club in mid-season, and he was replaced temporarily by former Sunderland player Kevin Ball.

Drumaville Consortium takeover and Ellis Short era (2006–2016)
Following Sunderland's relegation from the Premier League, the club was taken over by the Irish Drumaville Consortium, headed by ex-player Niall Quinn, who appointed former Manchester United captain Roy Keane as the new manager. Under Keane, the club rose steadily up the table with an unbeaten run of 17 games to win promotion to the Premier League, Following an inconsistent start to the 2008–09 season, Keane resigned. Before the start of the following campaign, Irish-American businessman Ellis Short completed a full takeover of the club, and Steve Bruce was announced as the next manager on 3 June.

One of Bruce's first signings, Darren Bent, cost a club record fee of £10 million, broken a year later when they bought Ghana international Asamoah Gyan for around £13 million. Sunderland started the 2010–11 season strongly, but after Bent left for Aston Villa in January 2011 in a deal potentially worth £24 million, a record transfer fee received for the club, they eventually finished 10th—which was still their highest top-flight finish for 10 years. After being named Sunderland's Young Player of the Year for two seasons in a row, local player Jordan Henderson was transferred to Liverpool at the end of the 2010–11 season, where he went on to win the Champions League among other achievements.

Short replaced Quinn as chairman in October 2011, with Quinn initially becoming Director of International Development; he left the club with immediate effect in February 2012. Bruce was sacked in November 2011, and replaced by Martin O'Neill. O'Neill was sacked in March 2013 and Italian Paolo Di Canio was announced as his replacement the following day to widespread controversy. Sunderland went on to avoid relegation with one game to go. Di Canio was sacked after a poor start to the 2013–14 season, and reports of a complete breakdown in relations with his players. Gus Poyet was announced as his replacement, and led Sunderland to the 2014 Football League Cup Final, where they were defeated 3–1 by Manchester City. In March 2015 Poyet was sacked, and veteran Dutchman Dick Advocaat was appointed, saving the club from relegation. Eight games into the 2015–16 season he resigned from the position. Sam Allardyce was appointed the next manager in October 2015, and the club was again saved from relegation at the end of the season.

Divisional movements and ownership changes (2016–present)
In July 2016, Allardyce left the club to be announced as manager for the England national team, and David Moyes was appointed as his replacement. Under Moyes, Sunderland made the worst ever start to a Premier League season, taking just two points from their opening 10 matches. The club was relegated for the first time in 10 years at the end of 2016–17, finishing bottom of the table, and Moyes resigned. In June 2017, goalkeeper Jordan Pickford, a product of Sunderland's academy, was transferred to Everton for a fee of £25 million, rising to a possible £30 million—a record for a British goalkeeper.

Following relegation, Simon Grayson was announced as the new manager. The club made a very poor start to the 2017–18 EFL Championship season (which was documented in the Netflix series Sunderland 'Til I Die) and Grayson was sacked at the end of October, with Chris Coleman replacing him. In April 2018, after a second consecutive relegation, this time to League One, the club was sold to a group led by Stewart Donald and Coleman was released from his contract.

Jack Ross was appointed as the new manager in May 2018. In the club's first season in League One they got to the final of the EFL Trophy and finished 5th and reached the play-off final, but lost to Charlton Athletic at Wembley. After a disappointing start to the following 2019–20 season, Ross was sacked. He was replaced by former Bolton Wanderers manager Phil Parkinson. Sunderland finished the season in 8th place, their lowest ever league position, with the final standings ultimately being determined by points per game due to football's suspension due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Parkinson was sacked in November 2020 and was replaced by Lee Johnson the following month. Later that month, the club reached an agreement with Kyril Louis-Dreyfus for him to purchase a controlling stake in the club. The takeover was completed on 18 February 2021. In May 2021, the club again fell short of promotion after losing to Lincoln City 3–2 on aggregate in the semifinals of the play-offs.

In February 2022, former Norwich City manager Alex Neil was appointed as head coach, following Johnson's dismissal after a 6–0 loss to Bolton in January. After finishing fifth in League One at the end of the season, Sunderland qualified for the playoffs. In the semi-finals, they beat Sheffield Wednesday 2–1 on aggregate, and went on to beat Wycombe Wanderers 2–0 in the final to secure a return to the second flight of English football for the first time in four years. Tony Mowbray took over as head coach in August that year following Neil's departure to manage Stoke City. Sunderland ended the season in 6th, and were knocked out of the playoff semi-final by Luton Town. Mowbray was sacked in December 2023 and replaced by Michael Beale, who was himself sacked after 12 games, the shortest managerial stint in Sunderland's history; interim manager Mike Dodds ended the 2023–24 season in 16th. French manager Régis Le Bris was announced as head coach in June 2024, joining from Lorient.

Colours and crest
Sunderland played in an all blue strip from their formation until 1884, when they adopted a red and white halved strip. They assumed the current strip of red and white stripes in the 1887–88 season. Their badge included a ship, the upper part of the Sunderland coat of arms, a black cat, and a football in front of Sunderland's red and white stripes. In 1972 the badge was changed, removing the black cat but still including a ship, a football and the background of red and white stripes. This badge was first used on the match day shirt in 1977, replacing the simple black 'SAFC' initials which had been used since 1973. The top section and border of the badge was coloured in blue until 1991, when it changed to black.

To coincide with the move from Roker Park to the Stadium of Light in 1997, Sunderland released a new crest divided into four quarters; the upper right and lower left featured their traditional red and white colours, but the ship was omitted. The upper left section features the Penshaw Monument and the lower right section shows the Wearmouth Bridge. A colliery wheel at the top of the crest commemorates County Durham's mining history, and the land the Stadium of Light was built on, formerly the Monkwearmouth Colliery. The crest also contains two lions, the black cats of Sunderland, and a banner displaying the club's motto, Consectatio Excellentiae, which means "In pursuit of excellence".

Stadium
Sunderland have had eight grounds throughout their history; the first was at Blue House Field in Hendon in 1879. The ground was close to the place where Sunderland formed, at Hendon Board School; at that time the rent for use of the ground was £10 (£ today). The club then used a number of fields, one of which was near The Cedars road, before relocating to Groves Field in Ashbrooke in 1882 for one season. The club's third stadium was Horatio Street in Roker, the first Sunderland stadium north of the River Wear; the club played a single season there before another move, this time to Abbs Field in Fulwell for two seasons. Abbs Field was notable for being the first Sunderland ground to which they charged admission.

Sunderland moved to Newcastle Road in 1886. By 1898, the ground reached a capacity of 15,000 after renovations, and its rent had risen to £100 (£ today) a year. Near the turn of the 20th century, Sunderland needed a bigger stadium. They returned to Roker and set up home in Roker Park. It was opened on 10 September 1898, and the home team played a match the same day against Liverpool, which they won. The stadium's capacity increased to 50,000 after redevelopment with architect Archibald Leitch in 1913. Sunderland were nearly bankrupted by the cost of renovating the Main Stand, and Roker Park was put up for sale but no further action was taken. On 8 March 1933, an overcrowded Roker Park recorded the highest ever attendance at a Sunderland match, 75,118 against Derby County in a FA Cup sixth round replay. Roker Park suffered a bombing in 1943, in which one corner of the stadium was destroyed. A special constable was killed while patrolling the stadium. By the 1990s, the stadium was no longer large enough, and had no room for possible expansion. In January 1990, the Taylor Report was released after overcrowding at Hillsborough Stadium resulted in the deaths of 97 Liverpool fans. The report recommended that all major stadiums must be converted to an all-seater design. As a result, Roker Park's capacity was reduced. It was demolished in 1997 and a housing estate built in its place.

In 1997, Sunderland moved to their present ground, Stadium of Light in Monkwearmouth, which was opened by Prince Andrew, Duke of York. Built with an original capacity of 42,000, it hosted its first game against Dutch team Ajax. The stadium bears a similar name to the Portuguese club Benfica's ground Estádio da Luz, albeit in a different language. A stadium expansion in 2000 saw the capacity increase to 49,000. A Davy lamp monument stands outside the stadium, and a miners banner was presented to the club by the Durham Miners' Association, as a reminder of the Monkwearmouth Colliery pit the stadium was built on.

Attendance and following
The club has had a historically large and passionate following, with the club seeing attendance figures larger than other more fashionable clubs. For instance a 2019 by the International Centre for Sports Studies (CIES) showed that over the prior 5 seasons (2013 to 2018) Sunderland recorded the 38th highest average attendance in world football with an average of 39,249 fans at the Stadium of Light. Sunderland's average attendance were higher over that period than perennial title challengers such as Juventus FC in Italy and FC Porto in Portugal. Despite relegation from the Premier League in 2017 the club has continued to post large annual average attendance figures, recording over 30,000 for the 2019 and 2020 seasons, enough for 16th in the country. Following relegation from the Championship at the end of the 2017–18 season, Sunderland subsequently broke the League One division attendance record on 26 December 2018 in a match against Bradford City with a total of 46,039 fans.

Popular songs, music and chants
A song Sunderland fans sing every game before kickoff and has been described as the anthem of the club is a rendition of "Can't Help Falling in Love" by Elvis Presley, with "Sunderland" being sung repeatedly after "but I can't help falling in love with you." "Dance of the Knights" from Sergei Prokofiev's ballet Romeo and Juliet is traditionally played before the teams take the field; the club's walk-on song is "Ready to Go" by Republica, with the crowd typically singing its chorus. Also, during Gus Poyet's tenure, Sunderland supporters started singing "Things Can Only Get Better" by D:Ream. The fans launched a campaign to get the song back into the charts, to coincide with their team's 2014 League Cup Final. A day after the Final, the song re-entered the UK Dance Chart at number 19.

Two of the most famous chants by Sunderland supporters are "I'm Sunderland till I die" and "We're by far the greatest team, the world has ever seen"—with the former being chosen as the title of the Netflix show Sunderland 'Til I Die. One of the oldest Sunderland chants is "Ha'way the lads" which was sung at Sunderland games as far back as the 1960s.

According to a YouGov poll in 2014, supporters of Sunderland showed a tendency towards left politics. They sometimes sing a version of "The Red Flag" during games.

Ain't No Stopping Us Now, was SAFC's official release when the club reached the 1992 FA Cup Final against Liverpool. The song featured the first team squad and was released on A Love Supreme Records.

Cheer Up Peter Reid was released by fans in 1996 after the terrace chant about the manager became popular. It sold 40,000 copies and peaked at 41 in the UK charts, and was number one in the NME Indie Charts. The proceeds of Cheer Up Peter Reid were donated to cancer charities. Another chant became a recording when A Love Supreme released Niall Quinn's Disco Pants in 1999. It reached number one in the NME Indie Charts.

Fanzines and fan produced material
The fanzine A Love Supreme was first published in 1989 and has won nine awards for Fanzine of the Year. A Love Supreme has its base opposite the Stadium of Light, where its staff design the magazine, update their website, social media and create and sell their own range of fan related merchandise and provide coach travel for SAFC fans to every away game. Since 2010 the online fanzine Roker Report has operated on the SB Nation blogging network. Roker Report has since grown in popularity amongst Sunderland fans, producing daily articles and interaction with fans. In 2016 Roker Report started a podcast called RokerRapport which has three or four episodes weekly. They occasionally interview current and former footballers, managers, owners and prominent fans of Sunderland. Since 2013 an independent podcast called Wise Men Say was created and was initially one episode weekly; however, it has since grown in popularity and now does three episodes weekly. In 2021 we began publishing opinion pieces on wisemensay.co.uk with a team of writers producing a wide range of features and informative articles. And, in 2021, the Wise Men Say Podcast was nominated Club Podcast of the Year at the 2021 Football Supporters Association Awards. In 2022, Wise Men Say reached 2million downloads through its host platform Acast. The club also previously had an official monthly subscription magazine, called the Legion of Light, which season ticket holders received for no cost. Others in the past have been It's The Hope I Can't Stand, Sex and Chocolate, Wise Men Say, and The Roker Roar (later The Wearside Roar).

Supporters clubs and officially recognised organisations
According to the club there are over 70 branches of official Supporters' Clubs in England and around the world, including North Korea. The Official clubs are represented collectively by a Branch Liaison Council that was formed in the 1970s. In addition the club has had a SAFC Liaison Group (SLG) since 1994 that works with fans on club issues and an independent supporters group, the Red & White Army (RAWA).

Rivalries and close ties
Traditionally, Sunderland's two main rivals have been Newcastle United and Middlesbrough, against whom the Tyne–Wear derby and Tees–Wear derby are competed for respectively. Although both are generally geographically close, Newcastle are considered their main rivals. The club were rivals with fellow Sunderland-based team Sunderland Albion in the 1880s and 1890s, a breakaway club formed by Sunderland's founder James Allan, until the club was made defunct. A more recent rivalry is with Coventry City, sparked by a controversial match in 1977 which, combined with results elsewhere, relegated Sunderland from the First Division but kept Coventry up.

Sunderland also share good relations and a mutual friendship with Dutch club Feyenoord; this was developed after Wearside shipbuilders found jobs in Rotterdam during the 1970s and 80s. The club also has good relations and a mutual friendship with Norwich City, with matches between the two clubs being known as the Friendship Trophy, following good rapport in the 1985 Milk Cup final.

Charitable associations
In 2001, the chairman Bob Murray established the Foundation of Light charity, to help educational development through football, and offers learning centres in addition to scholarships. The organisation engaged 280 children within a year, and three years after foundation opened a £1.6m facility along with double-decker buses redeveloped as classrooms.

In popular culture
Sunderland were the subject, together with Aston Villa, of one of the earliest football paintings in the world when in 1895 the artist Thomas M. M. Hemy painted a picture of a game between the teams at Sunderland's then ground Newcastle Road.

In 1973, comedian Bobby Knoxall recorded "Sunderland All the Way" for the 1973 FA Cup Final record.

In 1996, a group of Sunderland fans under the name Simply Red and White released a song called "Daydream Believer (Cheer Up Peter Reid)" to the melody of "Daydream Believer" dedicated to the manager Peter Reid. The song peaked at number 41 in the UK Singles & Album Chart. The fans recorded the song due to the fact the manager often had a dour demeanour, whilst the team was doing well, and even won promotion at the end of the season.

Sunderland were mentioned in the May 1997 State Opening of Parliament when Chris Mullin, MP for Sunderland South, stated in his seconding of Queen Elizabeth II's Gracious Speech: "Sunderland has been through hard times in the past, and has survived; as before, we will pick ourselves up, dust ourselves down and come out fighting. Sunderland looks to the future, not the past, and we shall soon be back in the Premier League."

In 1998 and following the demolition of Roker Park, playwright Tom Kelly and actor Paul Dunn created a one-man play called "I Left My Heart at Roker Park" about a fan struggling with the move and what Roker Park meant for him – the play originally ran in 1997, and has had a few revivals since.

In 1998, the BBC broadcast a six-part documentary named Premier Passions. It chronicled Sunderland's 1996–97 season, in which the club was relegated from the Premier League, the year after winning promotion from the Football League First Division, and the move to Stadium of Light.

In 2018, Netflix released an eight-part documentary called Sunderland 'Til I Die. It documented the events around Sunderland's 2017–18 season which saw them relegated from the EFL Championship. As a result of the success of the first series, a second season was confirmed, despite opposition from many club members. The opposition was mostly to do with players fearing the series would cause their failures being associated with them for the rest of their careers.

Nicknames
Sunderland's official nickname is "The Black Cats". The name was made official in a public vote in 2000. Despite the nickname being made official only relatively recently, the black cat has been used as an emblem of the club throughout most of its history. Photographs exist of players holding a black cat which made Roker Park its home in the 1900s and 1910s, and which was fed and watered by the football club. The club's first official badge featured a black cat sitting prominently in its centre and since the 1960s the emblem of the Sunderland A.F.C. Supporters Association has been a black cat. A Sunderland supporter, Billy Morris, took a black cat in his chest pocket as a good luck charm to the 1937 FA Cup final in which Sunderland brought home the trophy for the first time and reference has also been made to a "Black Cat Battery", an Artillery battery based on the River Wear during the Napoleonic Wars.

Before this when the team still played at Roker Park, they were known as the Rokerites. This was made obsolete after the club left Roker Park for the Stadium of Light in 1997. Other nicknames used by the media and include the Mackems (believed to be related to the ship building industry and a name for inhabitants of Sunderland) or the Wearsiders, as a reference to the river that the city and broader region of Wearside sits alongside, and in contrast to their Tyneside rivals Newcastle United.

As well as club nicknames, names have been used to define memorable periods in the club's history. The "Team of All Talents" moniker was used during Sunderland's successful period in the 1890s, and Sunderland were known as the "Bank of England club" during the 1950s. This was in reference to the club's spending in the transfer market at the time, which saw the transfer-record broken twice.

Statistics and records
The holder of the record for the most league appearances is Jimmy Montgomery, having made 527 first team appearances between 1961 and 1976. The club's top league goal scorer is Charlie Buchan, who scored 209 goals from 1911 to 1925; Bobby Gurney is the record goalscorer over all competitions with 228 goals between 1926 and 1939. Dave Halliday holds the record for the most goals scored in a season: 43 in the 1928–29 season in the First Division. As of October 2014 John O'Shea is the most capped player for the club, making 100 appearances for the Republic of Ireland.

The club's widest margin of victory in the league was in the 9–1 win against Newcastle United in the First Division in 1908. Sunderland's biggest ever win in the FA Cup was an 11–1 victory against Fairfield in 1895. Their heaviest defeats in the league were 8–0 against Sheffield Wednesday in 1911, West Ham United in 1968, Watford in 1982 and Southampton in 2014 Sunderland joined the top division in England, The Football League, in the 1890–91 season and were not relegated until 1957–58 (a span of 67 years, although only 56 seasons of competitive football were played due to the suspension of league football between 1915–1919 and 1939–1946 due to the First and Second World Wars). In October 2015, Sunderland defeated rivals Newcastle United for the sixth consecutive time, a new record.

Sunderland's record home attendance is 75,200, set during a sixth round FA Cup replay against Derby County on 8 March 1933.

Record goalscorers
Ten Sunderland players have scored 100 goals or more in league competitions. They are as follows:

Bobby Gurney holds the record number of goals in all competitions with a combined total of 228 in league and cup games.

Transfers
The biggest transfer fee Sunderland have ever received for one of their players is £30 million for Jordan Pickford, who moved to Everton in July 2017. This was also the biggest fee Sunderland have received for a player produced by the Sunderland academy. The biggest transfer fee paid by Sunderland is £13 million for Asamoah Gyan, who was bought from Rennes on 31 August 2010.

Overall
As of the 2022–23 season
 * Seasons spent at Level 1 of the football league system: 86
 * Seasons spent at Level 2 of the football league system: 31
 * Seasons spent at Level 3 of the football league system: 5
 * Seasons spent at Level 4 of the football league system: 0

Kit sponsorship
The first sponsor to appear on Sunderland kits was Cowie's, the business group of then chairman Tom Cowie, between 1983 and 1985. The club was sponsored by the Vaux Breweries between 1985 and 1999, with drink brands such as Lambtons sometimes appearing on kits. Subsequently, the club were sponsored by Sunderland car dealership company Reg Vardy from 1999 to 2007. Sunderland were sponsored by the Irish bookmaker Boylesports, who signed a four-year contract with the club in 2007 estimated to be worth £8 million. In April 2010, Sunderland signed a two-year shirt sponsorship deal with tombola, a local online bingo company. On 25 June 2012, Sunderland announced the strengthening of their partnership with the Invest in Africa initiative, with the initiative becoming the club's shirt sponsor for two years. The project is closely linked with Tullow Oil. However, after a year the club announced a new sponsorship deal with South African company Bidvest. On 1 June 2015 Sunderland announced a new sponsorship with Dafabet to appear on the kits for the following season.

The first kit manufacturer to appear on Sunderland kits was Umbro, between 1975 and 1981. French brand Le Coq Sportif produced kits between 1981 and 1983. Nike's first stint as kit manufacturer came between 1983 and 1986, before kits from Patrick (1986–88), Hummel (1988–94), Avec (1994–97) and Asics (1997–00). Nike returned between 2000 and 2004. Diadora produced kits for a solitary season, 2004–05, and Lonsdale made kits between 2005 and 2007. Umbro returned for five seasons between 2007 and 2012, before Adidas became the club's kit manufacturer for the first time in 2012. Nike then returned for a third time as Sunderland's kit manufacturer in 2020.

Coaching staff
Information correct as of 19 February 2024

Board of directors
Information correct as of 22 June 2022

Honours
The following are the honours Sunderland have achieved since their foundation in 1879.

League
 * First Division (level 1)
 * Champions: 1891–92, 1892–93, 1894–95, 1901–02, 1912–13, 1935–36
 * Runners-up: 1893–94, 1897–98, 1900–01, 1922–23, 1934–35
 * Second Division / First Division / Championship (level 2)
 * Champions: 1975–76, 1995–96, 1998–99, 2004–05, 2006–07
 * Promoted: 1963–64, 1979–80
 * Play-off winners: 1990
 * Third Division / League One (level 3)
 * Champions: 1987–88
 * Play-off winners: 2022

Cup
 * FA Cup
 * Winners: 1936–37, 1972–73
 * Runners-up: 1912–13, 1991–92
 * Football League Cup
 * Runners-up: 1984–85, 2013–14
 * FA Charity Shield
 * Winners: 1936
 * Runners-up: 1937
 * EFL Trophy
 * Winners: 2020–21
 * Runners-up: 2018–19
 * Sheriff of London Charity Shield
 * Winners: 1903
 * Football World Championship
 * Winners: 1892, 1893, 1895

Awards
 * BBC Sports Personality Team of the Year Award
 * 1973

title: Sunderland A.F.C.


text:
Braunau am Inn

Braunau am Inn (German for "Braunau on the Inn") is a town in Upper Austria on the border with Germany. It is known for being the birthplace of Adolf Hitler.

Geography
The town is on the lower river Inn below its confluence with the Salzach, where it forms the border with the German state of Bavaria, halfway on the road between the state capital Linz and the Bavarian capital Munich, about 60 km north of Salzburg. Braunau is connected by bridges over the Inn with its Bavarian counterpart Simbach am Inn. A traditional port of entry, all border controls have been abolished since the implementation of the Schengen Agreement by Austria in 1997.

The town gave its name to the administrative district (Bezirk). The population of Braunau am Inn was 16,182 in 2011.

Populated places
The municipality of Braunau am Inn consists of the following cadastral communities: Braunau am Inn, Osternberg, and Ranshofen; while further subdivided into populated places (with population in brackets as of 1 January 2022).

 * Aching (22)
 * Au (11)
 * Blankenbach (105)
 * Braunau am Inn (4308)
 * Braunau Neustadt (2037)
 * Gasteig (30)
 * Haiden (91)
 * Haselbach (2940)

 * Himmellindach (178)
 * Höft (12)
 * Laab (3069)
 * Lach (96)
 * Lindach (19)
 * Maierhof (114)
 * Neue Heimat (1015)

 * Oberrothenbuch (24)
 * Osternberg (502)
 * Ranshofen (2372)
 * Roith (21)
 * Scheuhub (400)
 * Tal (89)
 * Unterrothenbuch (31)

History
While the abbey of Ranshofen was already mentioned in the course of the deposition of Tassilo III, Duke of Bavaria, in 788, Braunau itself first appeared as Prounaw in an 1120 deed. The Innviertel region then was part of the Duchy of Bavaria.

Braunau received town rights in 1260, one of the first in present-day Austria. It became a fortress town and important trading route junction, dealing with the salt trade and with ship traffic on the Inn. As a major Bavarian settlement, the town played an outstanding role in the Bavarian uprising against the Austrian occupation during the War of the Spanish Succession, when it hosted the Braunau Parliament, a provisional Bavarian Parliament in 1705 headed by Georg Sebastian Plinganser (born 16 April 1680 in Pfarrkirchen; died 7 May 1738 in Augsburg).

The Late Gothic Braunau parish church dedicated to Saint Stephen was built from 1439 to 1466, replacing an older chapel. Its 87 m high spire is one of the tallest in Austria and the town's landmark. The remains of the fortress today house a museum and parts of the former town walls can still be seen. Another museum is housed in refurbished 18th-century public baths.

Within 40 years, Braunau changed hands three times: In 1779, it became an Austrian town under the terms of the Treaty of Teschen, which settled the War of the Bavarian Succession. During War of the Third Coalition, the Nuremberg bookseller Johann Philipp Palm was arrested at the Braunau fortress by French troops and executed for high treason by personal order of Napoleon in 1806. Under the terms of the 1809 Treaty of Schönbrunn, Braunau became Bavarian again in 1809. In 1816, during reorganisation of Europe after the Napoleonic Wars at the Congress of Vienna, the Kingdom of Bavaria ceded the town to the Austrian Empire and was compensated by the gain of Aschaffenburg. Braunau has been Austrian ever since.

Braunau remained a garrison town of the Austro-Hungarian Army and became the site of a large prisoner of war camp in World War I. After the Nazi Anschluss to Nazi Germany in 1938, Ranshofen, which at that time had one of Austria's largest aluminium plants, was incorporated into Braunau. Since 1992, the annual Braunau Contemporary History Days initiated by Andreas Maislinger concentrate on accounting for the past; the town's administration awards the Egon Ranshofen-Wertheimer Award, named after native diplomat Egon Ranshofen-Wertheimer, to honour committed Austrians abroad. Several Stolpersteine were installed in Braunau by the artist Gunter Demnig.

Adolf Hitler's birthplace
Adolf Hitler was born on 20 April 1889 in Braunau am Inn where his father Alois Hitler served as a customs official. He and his family left Braunau and moved to Passau in 1892. Hitler was born in an apartment building recorded at Salzburger Vorstadt 15 in an 1890 register, which housed a craft brewery and several rental flats, one of them occupied by Alois Hitler, his third wife Klara, their son Adolf, and his elder half-siblings Alois Jr. and Angela.

In April 1934, the Passau Donauzeitung published a commemorative article, marking the room where Hitler was born. In April 1938, Braunau renamed Salzburger Vorstadt to Adolf-Hitler-Straße, and its town plaza to Adolf-Hitler-Platz, but the building itself remained a, with a sign advertising beer on tap.

That same year, Hitler's personal secretary Martin Bormann purchased the house on behalf of the Nazi Party, it then became a cult centre containing an art gallery and a public library.

At the end of World War II in 1945, American soldiers occupied the house and prevented fanatical Nazi supporters from blowing it up. It was then used to temporarily house a documentary exhibition on Nazi concentration camps. In 1952, it was repurchased by its former owners, the Pommer family, and thereafter was used as a city library, a technical college and lastly a day-care centre for disabled people (Lebenhilfe).

Since WWII, the house had been controversial for both the local village and the Austrian government. In 1972 the Austrian Ministry of the Interior took over the main lease on the building to further discourage any notion of making it a pilgrimage site, and thereafter paid its owner approximately 4,800 euros in monthly rental.

In the process of coming to terms with the history of Austria in the time of National Socialism, the mayor of Braunau, Gerhard Skiba, presided over the installation of the Hitler birthplace memorial stone in front of the building. The installation took place in April 1989, two weeks before Hitler's centenary. The stone, commemorating the victims of World War II, is made of granite from the quarry at the Mauthausen concentration camp. It states, ''Für Frieden, Freiheit und Demokratie. Nie wieder Faschismus. Millionen Tote mahnen'' ("For peace, freedom and democracy; never again fascism: millions of dead remind us"). The memorial also serves as a disincentive to "Hitler tourism".

In 2011, the Lebenhilfe moved out and the Ministry requested permission to renovate the property. But Gerlinde Pommer, the then current owner, refused and she also refused the offer by the Ministry to purchase the house. The house has remained vacant since then.

In 2016 the Ministry pressed for the expropriation of the house by the government. This required a special law in the Austrian parliament. At the same time, an Austrian governmental commission was considering a number of options for the future of the house, turning it into apartments again, using it for a center or a museum that would confront Austria’s Nazi past, and even its demolition, replacing the original building with an entirely new structure.

On 18 October 2016, Austrian interior minister Wolfgang Sobotka said the building would instead be changed to the extent that it "will not be recognizable." The contract was awarded to the architectural firm Marte Marte Architekten. The house was to be restored to its 1790 configuration with a double gable roof, the removal of all of the 1938 Nazi additions, and a whitewash of the front.

In June 2020 it was announced that after the restoration the house would serve as a police station. Restoring the house was delayed by the COVID-19 pandemic, and costs considerably increased. In 2023 it was announced that in addition to the police station, the house would be used as a training center. The restoration is expected to be completed in 2025, with the police station and district police headquarters able to move in in 2026.

In 2011, the Braunau town council voted to revoke any honorary citizenship that may have been conferred on Hitler in 1933. The action was described as "precautionary" as no archival evidence could be found to confirm that he had received it in the first place.

Economy
Braunau has a full range of industries including electronics, metal (AMAG), woodworking, and glass. The town also has the largest aluminium works in Austria.

Education
The BHAK Braunau is the oldest educational establishment in the Innviertel.

The HTL Braunau has been awarded "Most Innovative School in Upper Austria" 7 times, in the years 2012-2014 and 2017-2020.

Sport
After two successful seasons, the local football team, SV Braunau, reached the Austrian 1st Division before suddenly going bankrupt in 2000. The team was re-founded as FC Braunau.

Notable residents

 * Hans Staininger (1508–1567), burgomaster (mayor) of Braunau, had a very long beard, which caused his death.
 * Franz Xaver Gruber (1787–1863), teacher and musician, composed Christmas carol Stille Nacht, ("Silent Night")
 * Josef Reiter (1862–1939), an Austrian composer
 * Edmund Glaise-Horstenau (1882–1946), military historian, Vice Chancellor in the Cabinet of Arthur Seyss-Inquart
 * Franz Jetzinger (1882 in Ranshofen – 1965), Jesuit priest, professor of theology in Linz, author of Hitler Youth (1958)
 * Angela Hitler (1883–1949), elder half-sister of Adolf Hitler, second wife of Martin Hammitzsch
 * Adolf Hitler (1889–1945), Führer of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945
 * Egon Ranshofen-Wertheimer (1894–1957), diplomat, journalist, political scientists; advised the US gov. in WWII
 * Willi Schneider (1903–1971) & Rudi Schneider (1908–1957), brothers, famous for parapsychology between the wars
 * Ruthilde Boesch (1918–2012), an Austrian soprano in opera and operetta, a song and concert singer
 * Gerhard Skiba (1947–2019), mayor of Braunau, set up a memorial stone for the victims of Fascism chez Adolf Hitler
 * Wilfried Scharf (born 1955), zither player
 * Susanne Riess (born 1961), politician (FPÖ), Vice-Chancellor of Austria, 2000–2003
 * Albert Hainz (born 1964), cyclist, born in Ranshofen
 * Gero Miesenböck (born 1965) neurophysiologist
 * Dominik Landertinger (born 1988), biathlete, has two silver and two 2 bronze Olympic medals

Climate
Braunau am Inn has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb) or, following the 0 °C isotherm, a humid continental climate (Dfb) with warm summers and quite cold winters.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Braunau am Inn


text:
Talk:Muslims

“Musulman”
This page redirects from “musulman”. Surely it should be in the lead paragraph, as “Muslims, also known as musulmans”… would this not be more useful? “Musulman” is at least as common as “Muslim”, in common usage. LeetToTheBeatMakeItRoar (talk) 13:37, 19 September 2022 (UTC)
 * "At least as common"? Um, what? I'm not sure I've encountered the term Musulman in English-- certainly not in anything modern-ish.  Pepper Beast    (talk)  13:51, 19 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Musulman is not a term seriously used in any contemporary literature. It is an archaic term of the 16th-19th centuries. Iskandar323 (talk) 14:38, 19 September 2022 (UTC)
 * I agree... I think I've seen it at least once or twice in 18th century stuff, but it's certainly not in common usage this century.  Pepper Beast    (talk)  15:32, 19 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Although it's possible that some confusion may arise due to Romance language still using “musulman” analogues. Iskandar323 (talk) 15:53, 19 September 2022 (UTC)

Regarding an Unsourced demographic edit
An User name @Ftimasheikh450 have been continuously editing the page without giving adequate references to the changes that she have been made recently multiple times. She has been continuously editing without providing any credible source/reference. Please look after that with immediate effect.

Thank you With regards – Pitush Puttar. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Pitush Puttar (talk • contribs) 19:08, 8 October 2022 (UTC)

Please correct error
Please correct your article about Muslim. I error in the article I mentioned below:- Muslim must give "Shahada" that Muhammad is last prophet of Allah, and "Ahmadiyya" sect is banished from Islam, because they don't give "Shahada" that Muhammad is last prophet. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 37.111.149.149 (talk) 05:18, 19 November 2022 (UTC)

"Mulsim" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mulsim&redirect=no Mulsim] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at until a consensus is reached. Mast303 (talk) 00:15, 7 March 2023 (UTC)

"Islams" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islams&redirect=no Islams] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. An anonymous username, not my real name 20:55, 2 April 2023 (UTC)

2 billion Muslims
change 1.9 billion Iamsmfs1 (talk) 03:50, 18 April 2023 (UTC)

Muslim Population
Can you provide a source that the number of Muslims has exceeded 2 billion people? AlhyarJy (talk) 01:08, 25 April 2023 (UTC)

 * As of 2020, it has 1.9 billion adherents, or 24.9% of the global population. According to data from the Pew Research Center, the global Muslim population was estimated to be around 1.8 billion in 2015, and it's projected to reach 2.2 billion by 2030. Some sources indicating that the number reached 2 billion but not reliables, unless someone shares reliable sources * ab. Sarah SchneiderCH (talk) 03:59, 25 April 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 5 June 2023
Please remove flags from infoboxes per MOS:INFOBOXFLAG. 112.204.197.139 (talk) 00:20, 5 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template. This is a relatively long standing status quo that matches other articles like Christians, so I'd ask that a consensus is developed before that change is made. I'll note that MOS:INFOBOXFLAG specifies that in "human geographic articles" consensus will dictate the use of flags. Bestagon ⬡ 19:48, 5 June 2023 (UTC)
 * This is IMO a pretty straightforward ask. "Human geographic articles" are pretty clearly spelled out as spatial divisions of residence - i.e. the examples of "settlements and administrative subdivisions" - and lists of countries where religiously affiliated individuals do not fit these examples. The MOS section begins by plainly stating, "Generally, flag icons should not be used in infoboxes, even when there is a 'country', 'nationality' or equivalent field". But since there's objection, I won't implement. --Pinchme123 (talk) 21:19, 5 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Brought here by discussion at Talk:Christians. I tend to agree with both Pinchme123 and the IP: INFOBOXFLAG seems to identify articles like these as examples where flags are inadvisable (as opposed to articles on spatial bodies like diocese or ecclesiastical provinces, where flags seem permissible). ~ Pbritti (talk) 21:27, 5 June 2023 (UTC)
 * I've also noticed, in the "long standing status quo" linked above, the edit summary points to Jews as an example. Which is an extended confirmed protected page where lots of discussion happens, yet the flags were removed months ago without even being noted, much less objected to. --Pinchme123 (talk) 21:31, 5 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Seeing that example and the general support for removal here, I think we have a minor consensus towards invoking INFOBOXFLAG to remove the flags. I will do so at Christians with reference to this discussion. If additional opposition to such a move arises, we can defer to the status quo of including them and rehash it. ~ Pbritti (talk) 21:39, 5 June 2023 (UTC)
 * ✅ Given our discussion, I've removed them here. --Pinchme123 (talk) 21:50, 5 June 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 1 July 2023
Remove Hindustani from info box language section instead add Urdu as it is the national language of Pakistan. Ethnologue ranks Urdu as the tenth most spoken language in the world. Hindustani is not mentioned in that list. In India, Urdu is the first language of about 50% of muslims and second language of many more. In Bangladesh it is spoken in Old Dhaka. Also spoken in Terai region in Nepal. Hindustani is now mostly spoken in bollywood films that too is ending as resurgence of Hindi. 223.123.110.74 (talk) 07:34, 1 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template.  —  Paper9oll  (🔔 • 📝)  09:50, 1 July 2023 (UTC)
 * I started a discussion below but seems like no one wants to discuss the issue. 223.123.112.73 (talk) 05:51, 7 July 2023 (UTC)

Discussion on addition of Urdu in the language section of info box
I like to remove Hindustani from info box language section instead add Urdu as it is the national language of Pakistan. Ethnologue ranks Urdu as the tenth most spoken language in the world. Hindustani is not mentioned in that list. In India, Urdu is the first language of about 50% of muslims and second language of many more. In Bangladesh it is spoken in Old Dhaka. Also spoken in Terai region in Nepal. Hindustani is now mostly spoken in bollywood films that too is ending as resurgence of Hindi. 223.123.110.74 (talk) 10:54, 1 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Seems like no one wants to discuss. 223.123.112.129 (talk) 07:50, 12 July 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 12 July 2023
Remove Hindustani from info box language section instead add Urdu as it is the national language of Pakistan. Ethnologue ranks Urdu as the tenth most spoken language in the world. Hindustani is not mentioned in that list. In India, Urdu is the first language of about 50% of muslims and second language of many more. In Bangladesh it is spoken in Old Dhaka. Also spoken in Terai region in Nepal. Hindustani is now mostly spoken in bollywood films that too is ending as resurgence of Hindi. 223.123.112.129 (talk) 07:54, 12 July 2023 (UTC)

Not done for now: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template. You've been told this before, and simply need to be patient. Please stop using the edit-request feature in this manner. You should also provide a reliable source that says what you really want to say: that more Muslims speak Urdu than Hindi, though that's not really information suitable for the infobox. Xan747 (talk) 00:45, 13 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Never said anything about Hindi. I only mentioned Hindustani. 223.123.109.240 (talk) 03:09, 13 July 2023 (UTC)

Languages in infobox
This infobox element is of pretty dubious WP:WEIGHT. There is a paucity of reliable sources focusing on this to a significant degree. One source is just about global populations, another analyses languages among Muslims, but at a community level, and another is just about Arabic dialects. More generally, this is a rather unusual and unnatural way to bisect a religion's adherents. It is also relatively duplicative of the already tiresome list of different populations by country, since language use obviously closely reflects the national origins of adherents. In addition, there is no information about languages on the page, making the inclusion of this material in the infobox, which is supposed to be a summary of material on the page, an overreach per MOS:INFOBOX. So doubly flawed. If it were to be binned, it would be no loss to readers. Does anyone disagree? Iskandar323 (talk) 08:55, 10 August 2023 (UTC)

 * I agree (While we're at it, the section above that, listing the Sunni, Shi'a etc shouldn't be called "religions", but something like "denominations" or "branches"). Furius (talk) 14:47, 10 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Not an unreasonable proposal to me... This particular infobox doesn't seem to say much besides some potentially inaccurate statistics better fit for the body of the article. On a (marginally) related note, the first paragraph in "Demographics" might be better presented as a list. Albertatiran (talk) 20:19, 10 August 2023 (UTC)
 * The alternative is that all of these infoboxes are just jokes. Hindus has the additional irony of using the subhead "Predominant spoken languages" before rattling off about fifty examples, somewhat exemplifying the Pandora's Box nature of this kind of infobox addition. POV turns "predominant" into everything. Iskandar323 (talk) 07:37, 11 August 2023 (UTC)

Correctness of the shahada transcription
Hello, I just noticed an issue with the shahada transcription (see here: diff), I am certain that my edit was correct as I checked many other websites and also other Wikipedia and Wiktionary pages to be sure. Other than that, I am not an expert in Latin transcribing Arabic, so I would be happy if anybody can check that transcription for any other errors that may be present. Thanks.

As a Muslim myself, I do not say "illallahu", but "illallah", there is no "u" in the page Shahada either. So I need assistance here, because I do not want to make edits that I am not 1000% certain about. Guherto (talk) 22:10, 19 August 2023 (UTC)

Reliability of Morocco World News and The Munsif Daily
As of 2020, it has 1.9 billion adherents, or 24.9% of the global population. According to data from the Pew Research Center, the global Muslim population was estimated to be around 1.8 billion in 2015, and it's projected to reach 2.2 billion by 2030. Some sources indicating that the number reached 2 billion but not reliables, unless someone shares reliable sources. Morocco World News The Munsif Daily, based their data and claims on "the Global Muslim Population website".

Global Muslim population website, is the website that these sources based their claims on it, and this website is not a reliable source.Durziil89 (talk) 05:44, 30 November 2023 (UTC)

Infobox image
Recently, I changed the image in the infobox for this article, which was later reverted by @StasiaNote. I did this because the image shown in the infobox is the following painting: The reason I decided to remove this painting as the depiction for Muslims is primarily because of the artist himself, Jean-Léon Gérôme. Gérôme is infamously known for his participation in Orientalism, even the lead image on that article shows a painting by Gérôme. His article also discusses his Orientalist legacy. By using this image (and only this depiction of Muslims is used in the entire article), Wikipedia risks associating itself with Orientalism, which would violate NPOV.

I certainly recommend replacing the Gérôme painting with a less controversial image. When I removed the painting, I replaced it with the following photograph. I thought it would be the most helpful as:

 * 1) Every person depicted in the image is certainly a Muslim.
 * 2) The location is an area important to the religion of Islam.
 * 3) A diverse group of people are represented in the photo.
 * 4) The people are participating an Islamic ritual.

If, for whatever reason, this image is also controversial, then I suggest the usage of one of the images in the below gallery.― Howard • 🌽33 19:14, 11 March 2024 (UTC)

Unlisted populations
Why are none of the other countries listed like khazakistan etc? You can even see the percentages for the country itself on its wiki... 173.80.7.142 (talk) 01:30, 11 April 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 18 July 2024
Please list Hindustani language before Bengali language in infobox as it has more than double the total Muslim speakers l1 and l2 combined. Hindustani (includes both registers Urdu and Hindi) is spoken by Muslims of India (specially in North India and every major city of India) and Pakistan. Whereas Bengali is limited to Bengal region. 2404:3100:1453:85AF:1:0:D5A9:E9BD (talk) 07:54, 18 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Left guide (talk) 11:18, 18 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Muslims


text:
Sam De Grasse

Samuel Alfred De Grasse (June 12, 1875 – November 29, 1953) was a Canadian actor. He was the uncle of cinematographer Robert De Grasse.

Biography
Samuel Alfred De Grasse was born in Bathurst, New Brunswick to Lange De Grasse and Helene ( Comeau), both of French-Canadian descent. He trained to be a dentist, and married Annie McDonnell in 1904. Their daughter, Clementine Bell, was born in 1906. Annie died in 1909 while giving birth to another daughter, Olive, who also died. In 1910, Samuel was practicing dentistry and he and his daughter Clementine were living in Providence, Rhode Island along with his older sister, Mrs. Clementine Fauchy, and her 14-year-old son, Jerome Fauchy.

He married British actress Ada Fuller Golden and became a step-father to her three children. His own elder brother, Joe, went into the fledgling movie business and Sam decided to also give it a try. He traveled to New York City and, in 1912, he appeared in his first motion picture. At first he played standard secondary characters such as Dr. Robert Armstrong in Blind Husbands (1919), but when fellow Canadian Mary Pickford set up her own studio with her husband Douglas Fairbanks, he joined them. He portrayed the villainous Prince John in Douglas Fairbanks' 1922 Robin Hood. Afterward, he began to specialize in crafty or slimy villainous roles, such as Senator Charles Summer in The Birth of a Nation (1915), the mill owner Arthur Jenkins in Intolerance (1916), John Carver in The Courtship of Miles Standish (1923), Colonel Lestron in The Eagle of the Sea (1926), a pirate lieutenant in The Black Pirate (1926), a Pharisee in The King of Kings (1927) and King James in The Man Who Laughs (1928). Mary Pickford named him as one of her favorite stars.

In the 1960s, Jackie Coogan claimed Jean Harlow had lived in De Grasse's apartment for two years and was married to him when she was 16. At the time both de Grasse and Harlow were deceased. The claim was untrue -- Harlow was married to Charles McGrew when she was 16. However, she did appear as an extra in the film Honor Bound (1928), in which De Grasse played "Blood Keller".

Death
De Grasse lived on the west coast until his death at age 78 in Hollywood from a heart attack during his sleep. He is interred in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California.

Selected filmography

 * The Birth of a Nation (1915) – Sen. Charles Sumner (uncredited)
 * A Man and His Mate (1915) – Choo
 * A Child of God (1915) – Jim MacPherson
 * Martyrs of the Alamo (1915) – Silent Smith
 * Cross Currents (1915) – Silas Randolph
 * The Price of Power (1916) – James Garwood
 * Acquitted (1916) – Ira Wolcott
 * The Good Bad-Man (1916) – The Wolf / Bud Frazer
 * An Innocent Magdalene (1916) – Forbes Stewart
 * The Half-Breed (1916) – Sheriff Dunn
 * Intolerance (1916) – Arthur Jenkins
 * Diane of the Follies (1916) – Phillips Christy
 * The Children of the Feud (1916) – Dr. Richard Cavanagh
 * Jim Bludso (1917) – Ben Merrill
 * Her Official Fathers (1917) – Ethan Dexter
 * An Old-Fashioned Young Man (1917) – Harold T. King
 * Madame Bo-Peep (1917) – Jose Alvarez
 * Wild and Woolly (1917) – Steve Shelby – Indian Agent
 * The Empty Gun (1917, Short) – Jim
 * Anything Once (1917) – Herbert Wendling
 * The Winged Mystery (1917) – Mortimer Eddington
 * The Scarlet Car (1917) – Ernest Peabody
 * Six-Shooter Andy (1918) – Tom Slade
 * Brace Up (1918) – National Jim
 * The Guilt of Silence (1918) – Gambler Joe
 * The Mortgaged Wife (1918) – Meyer
 * Smashing Through (1918) – Earl Foster
 * Winner Takes All (1918) – Mark Thorne
 * A Woman's Fool (1918) – Minor Role
 * A Law Unto Herself (1918) – Kurt Von Klassner
 * The Narrow Path (1918) – Malcolm Dion
 * The Hope Chest (1918) – Ballantyne, Sr.
 * Sis Hopkins (1919) – Vibert
 * The Silk-Lined Burglar (1919) – Boston Blackie
 * The Exquisite Thief (1919) – Shaver Michael
 * Heart o' the Hills (1919) – Steve Honeycutt
 * Blind Husbands (1919) – The Husband, Dr. Robert Armstrong
 * Uncharted Channels (1920) – Nicholas Schonnn
 * Moon Madness (1920) – Adrien
 * The Devil's Pass Key (1920) – Warren Goodwright
 * The Skywayman (1920) – Dr. Wayne Leveridge
 * The Little Grey Mouse (1920) – John Cumberland
 * Unseen Forces (1920) – Captain Stanley
 * The Broken Gate (1920) – 'Hod' Brooks
 * The Cheater Reformed (1921) – Thomas Edinburgh
 * Courage (1921) – Stephan Blackmoore
 * A Wife's Awakening (1921) – George Otis
 * Robin Hood (1922) – Prince John
 * Forsaking All Others (1922) – Dr. Mason
 * Slippy McGee (1923) – Father De Rance
 * Circus Days (1923) – Lord
 * The Spoilers (1923) – Judge Stillman
 * A Prince of a King (1923) – Duke Roberto
 * The Dancer of the Nile (1923) – Pasheri
 * In the Palace of the King (1923) – King Philip II
 * Tiger Rose (1923) – Dr. Cusick
 * The Courtship of Miles Standish (1923) – John Carver
 * Painted People (1924) – Henry Parrish
 * Pagan Passions (1924) – Frank Langley
 * A Self-Made Failure (1924) – Cyrus Cruikshank
 * The Virgin (1924) – Ricardo Ruiz
 * On the Threshold (1925) – Daniel Masters
 * The Mansion of Aching Hearts (1925) – Martin Craig
 * One Year to Live (1925) – Dr. Lucien La Pierre
 * Sun-Up (1925) – Sheriff Weeks
 * Heir-Loons (1925)
 * Sally, Irene and Mary (1925) – Officer O'Dare
 * Mike (1926) – Brush
 * The Black Pirate (1926) – Pirate Lieutenant
 * Her Second Chance (1926) – Beachey
 * Broken Hearts of Hollywood (1926) – Defense Attorney
 * The Eagle of the Sea (1926) – Col. Lestron
 * Love's Blindness (1926) – Benjamin Levy
 * When a Man Loves (1927) – Comte Guillot de Morfontaine
 * King of Kings (1927) – Pharisee
 * Captain Salvation (1927) – Peter Campbell
 * The Fighting Eagle (1927) – Talleyrand
 * The Country Doctor (1927) – Ira Harding
 * The Wreck of the Hesperus (1927) – Capt. David Slocum
 * The Man Who Laughs (1928) – King James II
 * Honor Bound (1928) – Blood Keller
 * The Racket (1928) – District Attorney Welch
 * Our Dancing Daughters (1928) – Freddie's Father
 * Dog Law (1928) – Minor Role (uncredited)
 * The Farmer's Daughter (1928) – (uncredited)
 * Silks and Saddles (1929) – William Morrissey
 * The Last Performance (1929) – District Attorney
 * Wall Street (1929) – John Willard
 * Captain of the Guard (1930) – Bazin (final film role)

title: Sam De Grasse


text:
Joseph De Grasse

Joseph Louis De Grasse (May 4, 1873 – May 25, 1940) was a Canadian film director. Born in Bathurst, New Brunswick, he was the elder brother of actor Sam De Grasse.

Biography
Joseph De Grasse had studied and was a first-class graduate of accounting and he began his career as a journalist, but soon became enamored with the theater and took work as a stage actor. In 1903, he quit his full-time job as the City of Boston's bookkeeper to pursue acting. In 1910, he acted in his first motion picture and although he would appear as an actor in 13 films, and write 2 screenplays, his real interest was in directing.

While working in Hollywood for Universal Pictures, De Grasse met and married one of the few female directors working at the time, Ida May Park (1879–1954). In 1915, he became a founding member of the Motion Picture Directors Association, a forerunner to today's Directors Guild of America.

During his career he directed a total of 86 films. In 1924, actor Lon Chaney said of the De Grasses: "Joe and Sam De Grasses are two of the most talented personalities in today's film industry. Joe, a very skilled actor, is also the consummate director, firm in his demands yet gentle in his way of dealing with many different temperaments to be found in the movie industry. Sam is the only actor I know who can horrify an audience without make-up and without grotesque posturing and playing to the camera. He is the only actor I know who pulls teeth on the set in between takes. A rare pair, they have given the industry not one but two dimensions."

Joseph De Grasse died in Eagle Rock, California; he collapsed on a street while walking, and was taken to hospital where he was pronounced dead. The cause of his death was a heart attack.

Director

 * Her Bounty (1914)
 * The Pipes o' Pan (1914)
 * Virtue Is Its Own Reward (1914)
 * Her Life's Story (1914)
 * Lights and Shadows (1914)
 * The Lion, the Lamb, the Man (1914)
 * A Night of Thrills (1914)
 * Her Escape (1914)
 * The Sin of Olga Brandt (1915)
 * The Star of the Sea (1915)
 * The Measure of a Man (1915)
 * The Threads of Fate (1915)
 * When the Gods Played a Badger Game (1915)
 * Such Is Life (1915)
 * Where the Forest Ends (1915)
 * Outside the Gates (1915)
 * All for Peggy (1915)
 * The Desert Breed (1915)
 * Maid of the Mist (1915)
 * The Grind (1915)
 * The Girl of the Night (1915)
 * An Idyll of the Hills (1915)
 * The Stronger Mind (1915)
 * Steady Company (1915)
 * Bound on the Wheel (1915)
 * Mountain Justice (1915)
 * The Pine's Revenge (1915)
 * The Fascination of the Fleur de Lis (1915)
 * Alas and Alack (1915)
 * A Mother's Atonement (1915)
 * Lon of Lone Mountain (1915)
 * The Millionaire Paupers (1915)
 * Under a Shadow (1915)
 * Father and the Boys (1915)
 * Stronger Than Death (1915)
 * Dolly's Scoop (1916)
 * The Grip of Jealousy (1916)
 * Tangled Hearts (1916)
 * The Gilded Spider (1916)
 * Bobbie of the Ballet (1916)
 * The Grasp of Greed (1916)
 * The Mark of Cain (1916)
 * If My Country Should Call (1916)
 * The Place Beyond the Winds (1916)
 * The Price of Silence (1916)
 * The Piper's Price (1917)
 * Hell Morgan's Girl (1917)
 * The Mask of Love (1917)
 * The Girl in the Checkered Coat (1917)
 * A Doll's House (1917)
 * Pay Me! (1917)
 * Triumph (1917)
 * The Empty Gun (1917)
 * Anything Once (1917)
 * The Winged Mystery (1917)
 * The Scarlet Car (1917)
 * The Fighting Grin (1918)
 * A Broadway Scandal (1918)
 * The Brand of Lopez (1920)
 * 45 Minutes from Broadway (1920)
 * Bonnie May (1920)
 * Thundergate (1923)
 * Flowing Gold (1924)

Actor

 * The Place Beyond the Winds (1916) - Anton Farwell
 * Triumph (1917) - Man at Theatre (uncredited)
 * After the War (1918)
 * So Big (1924) - Simeon Peake
 * The Cowboy Kid (1928) - John Grover
 * The Drunkard (1935) - Mr. Miller
 * The Dawn Rider (1935) - Dad Mason
 * The Adventures of Frank Merriwell (1936, Serial) - Dr. Cummings (uncredited) (final film role)

Preservation
The three surviving reels of De Grasse's film Triumph were restored by the Academy Film Archive in 2012.

title: Joseph De Grasse


text:
Berton Churchill

Berton Churchill (December 9, 1876 – October 10, 1940) was a Canadian stage and film actor.

Early years
Churchill was born in Toronto, Ontario. After his family moved to New York City, he graduated from high school there, studied law at night, and was a weekly participant in the William J. Florence Dramatic Society in Jersey City. As a young man interested in the theater, he appeared in stock companies as early as 1903 and worked as a newspaper pressman, eventually becoming a foreman and leader of his union. Progressing in his acting, he began performing with the Berkely Lyceum.

Career
Churchill acted for two years with a traveling repertory company, developing skills that eventually took him to Broadway. The death of his father caused him to return home to work as a press foreman. Eventually he returned to acting in small parts. His career received a boost when E. F. Albee saw him perform in Boston. Albee added him to his summer stock company at Pawtucket, where Churchill continued to perform almost every summer for at least two decades.

His first performance on Broadway was in The Barber of New Orleans (1909), and his last was in Five Star Final (1930).

He was one of the earliest members of Actors Equity and sat on the union's Council. In 1919, he was in charge of the New York headquarters during the Equity strike.

Around 1929, Churchill began to perform in motion pictures. Following the use of sound in film, he moved to Hollywood, California. There, he landed numerous supporting roles, usually as the stern or pompous character with such roles as a banker, a state governor, or a land baron. He was much in demand, "establishing what was believed to be a record by appearing in 34 in 1932 alone." In more than 125 films, Churchill worked for some of the great directors such as Otto Preminger, John Ford, and Frank Capra. As well, he performed with many of the most famous stars of the day, such as Bette Davis (The Cabin in the Cotton), Jeanette MacDonald, Tyrone Power, Edward G. Robinson, and Will Rogers. Churchill is perhaps best known for his role as Gatewood, the absconding banker in John Ford's highly acclaimed 1939 film Stagecoach, starring John Wayne.

In 1925, Churchill helped found the Masquers club that led to him and five other actors creating the Screen Actors Guild in 1933.

Death
Churchill died in Medical Arts Center Hospital in New York City, of uremic poisoning. His body was returned to the west coast to be interred in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California.

Selected filmography

 * The Road Called Straight (1919) as Robert Swiftmore
 * Six Cylinder Love (1923) as George Stapleton
 * Tongues of Flame (1924) as Boland
 * Nothing But the Truth (1929) as E.M. Burke
 * Tarnished Lady (1931) as Stock Speculator (uncredited)
 * Secrets of a Secretary (1931) as Mr. Merritt
 * My Sin (1931) as Mr. Osgood (uncredited)
 * Husband's Holiday (1931) as Gerald Burgess
 * Air Eagles (1931) as Windy J. Bailey
 * This Reckless Age (1932) as Banker
 * Taxi! (1932) as Judge West (uncredited)
 * Impatient Maiden (1932)
 * Cheaters at Play (1932)
 * A Fool's Advice (1932) as Mayor Martin Sloan
 * The Wet Parade (1932) as Roger's Uncle Dick (uncredited)
 * Scandal for Sale (1932) as Bunnyweather
 * It's Tough to Be Famous (1932) as Admiral Blaine (uncredited)
 * The Mouthpiece (1932) as Judge, Rocco Trial (uncredited)
 * Two Seconds (1932) as The Warden
 * The Rich Are Always with Us (1932) as Judge Bradshaw
 * Forgotten Commandments (1932) as Minor Role (scenes deleted)
 * The Dark Horse (1932) as William A. Underwood
 * Week Ends Only (1932) as A.S. Carr
 * Fast Companions (1932) as Committee Chairman
 * The Washington Masquerade (1932) as Sen. Bitler
 * American Madness (1932) as O'Brien (uncredited)
 * Okay, America! (1932) as Jacob Baron
 * The Crooked Circle (1932) as Col. Walters
 * The Cabin in the Cotton (1932) as Lane Norwood
 * The Big Stampede (1932) as Gov. Wallace
 * False Faces (1932) as Dr. John B. Parker
 * Washington Merry-Go-Round (1932) as Speaker
 * I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang (1932) as The Judge
 * Afraid to Talk (1932) as Mayor William 'Billy' Manning
 * If I Had a Million (1932) as Warden (uncredited)
 * Madame Butterfly (1932) as American Consul
 * Frisco Jenny (1932) as Judge Thomas B. Reynolds (uncredited)
 * The Billion Dollar Scandal (1933) as The Warden
 * Laughter in Hell (1933) as Mike Slaney
 * The Mysterious Rider (1933) as Mark King
 * Employees' Entrance (1933) as Mr. Bradford (uncredited)
 * Hard to Handle (1933) as Col. H.D.X. Wells (uncredited)
 * From Hell to Heaven (1933) as Toledo Jones
 * Private Jones (1933) as Roger Winthrop
 * The Little Giant (1933) as Donald Hadley Cass
 * So This Is Africa (1933) as Movie Producer
 * Elmer, the Great (1933) as Colonel Moffitt
 * Heroes for Sale (1933) as Mr. Winston
 * I Love That Man (1933) as Mordant - Casket Buyer
 * Her First Mate (1933) as Davis
 * The Big Brain (1933) as Col. Higginbotham
 * The Avenger (1933) as Forster
 * Doctor Bull (1933) as Herbert Banning - Janet's Brother
 * Golden Harvest (1933) as Eben Martin
 * Ladies Must Love (1933) as Gaskins
 * Only Yesterday (1933) as Goodheart (uncredited)
 * College Coach (1933) as Otis
 * Master of Men (1933) as Mr. Walling
 * Frontier Marshal (1934) as Ben 'Hiram' Melton
 * Hi, Nellie! (1934) as Graham
 * Men in White (1934) as John Hudson (uncredited)
 * Let's Be Ritzy (1934) as R.M. Pembrook
 * Strictly Dynamite (1934) as Mr. Rivers
 * Half a Sinner (1934) as Deacon Caswell (aka Alias the Deacon)
 * Murder in the Private Car (1934) as Luke Carson
 * Bachelor Bait (1934) as 'Big' Barney Nolan
 * Friends of Mr. Sweeney (1934) as Franklyn P. Brumbaugh
 * Dames (1934) as Harold Ellsworthy Todd
 * Take the Stand (1934) as Mr. Jerome Burbank
 * Judge Priest (1934) as Senator Horace Maydew
 * Redhead (1934) as Mr. Brown
 * Kid Millions (1934) as Col. Harrison Larrabee
 * Menace (1934) as Norman Bellamy
 * Babbitt (1934) as Judge Virgil 'Verge' Thompson
 * Sing Sing Nights (1934) as Governor Duane
 * Bachelor of Arts (1934) as Alexander Hamilton Sr.
 * Life Is Worth Living (1934)
 * Helldorado (1935) as 'Clarion' Editor
 * The County Chairman (1935) as Elias Rigby
 * A Night at the Ritz (1935) as Stephen Vincent
 * Vagabond Lady (1935) as R.D. Spear
 * $10 Raise (1935) as Mr. Bates
 * Dizzy Dames (1935) as Dad Hackett
 * Page Miss Glory (1935) as Mr. Yates - Assistant Hotel Manager
 * Steamboat Round the Bend  (1935) as New Moses
 * I Live for Love (1935) as Fabian
 * The Spanish Cape Mystery (1935) as Judge Macklin
 * The Rainmakers (1935) as Simon Parker
 * Coronado (1935) as Walter Marvin
 * Black Gold (1936) as J.C. Anderson
 * You May Be Next (1936) as J.J. Held
 * The Dark Hour (1936) as Paul Bernard
 * Colleen (1936) as Logan
 * Three of a Kind (1936) as 'Con' Cornelius
 * Parole! (1936) as Rex Gavin
 * Bunker Bean (1936) as Professor Ed Balthazer
 * Dimples (1936) as Col. Loring
 * Under Your Spell (1936) as Judge
 * Racing Lady (1937) as Judge
 * Parnell (1937) as The O'Gorman Mahon
 * Sing and Be Happy (1937) as John Mason
 * You Can't Beat Love (1937) as Police Chief Brennan
 * The Singing Marine (1937) as J. Montgomery Madison
 * Public Wedding (1937) as H. Theodore Lane aka Pop
 * Wild and Woolly (1937) as Edward Ralston
 * Quick Money (1937) as Bluford H. Smythe
 * In Old Chicago (1938) as Senator Colby
 * He Couldn't Say No (1938) as Senator Mabby
 * Wide Open Faces (1938) as L.D. Crawford
 * Four Men and a Prayer (1938) as Mr. Martin Cherrington
 * Kentucky Moonshine (1938) as J.B
 * Ladies in Distress (1938) as Fred Morgan
 * Danger on the Air (1938) as Caesar Kluck
 * Down in 'Arkansaw' (1938) as Judge
 * The Cowboy and the Lady (1938) as Henderson
 * Sweethearts (1938) as Sheridan
 * Stagecoach (1939) as Ellsworth Henry Gatewood
 * So This Is London (1939) as Hiram Draper
 * Daughters Courageous (1939) as Judge Henry Hornsby
 * Should Husbands Work? (1939) as Barnes
 * The Angels Wash Their Faces (1939) as Mayor Dooley
 * Hero for a Day (1939) as E. A. Dow
 * On Your Toes (1939) as Donald Henderson
 * Brother Rat and a Baby (1940) as Mr. Norman
 * 20 Mule Team (1940) as 'Jackass' Brown
 * Saturday's Children (1940) as Mr. Norman
 * Turnabout (1940) as Julian Marlowe
 * The Way of All Flesh (1940) as Reginald L. Morten
 * Cross-Country Romance (1940) as Col. Conway
 * Public Deb No. 1 (1940) as Magistrate
 * I'm Nobody's Sweetheart Now (1940) as Senator Henry Lowell (final film role)

title: Berton Churchill