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Gaffer tape

Gaffer tape (also known as gaffer's tape, gaff tape or gaffa tape as well as spike tape for narrow, colored gaffer tape) is a heavy cotton cloth pressure-sensitive tape with strong adhesive and tensile properties. It is widely used in theatre, photography, film, radio and television production, and industrial staging work.

While sometimes confused with duct tape, gaffer tape differs in the composition of both the backing, which is made from fabric as opposed to vinyl or other plastics, and the adhesive, which is more resistant to heat and more easily removed without damaging the surface to which it adhered.

History
The precise origin of the name is unknown, one hypothesis being that it is named for the gaffer (chief lighting technician) on a film crew. When cables are taped down on a stage or other surface, either to prevent tripping hazards or conceal them from view of the audience or camera, they are said to be gaffed or gaffered.

Gaffer tape was invented in 1959 by Ross Lowell, director, cinematographer, and founder of Lowel-Light. Lowell reworked Johnson & Johnson's Permacel duct tape product by combining the Permacel adhesive with a silver fabric backing to create gaffer tape which could hold a flat metal plate to a window.

Properties and uses

Gaffer tape is manufactured in many colors, including fluorescent and custom colors, but perhaps the most common variety is matte black. A matte finish keeps the tape from reflecting light, so that it blends in with a typical stage floor. It is sold in a variety of widths, from 1/4 in to 4 in, with 1 in and 2 in being the most common. Gaffer tape is strong, yet can be torn by hand, so no cutting tools are necessary, and it can easily be ripped into narrower strips when desired. The synthetic adhesive typically leaves little or no residue and will generally not damage most surfaces when it is removed. Gaffer tape is usually more expensive than duct tape because it is manufactured in smaller quantities, has more exacting specifications, and is marketed for professional use.

A common application for gaffer tape is securing cables to a stage floor, podium, or other surface, either for safety or concealment. It is also frequently used whenever a quick ad hoc fix is required, from temporarily attaching fixtures or props, to salvaging a broken piece of production equipment. A narrow version of gaffer tape, called spike tape, is used in theater productions for floor layout.

In the absence of console tape or artist tape, live sound engineers or light board operators may use a strip of white gaffer tape along the bottom of a mixing board to label the channels or submasters used for a particular show.

In rock climbing gyms, gaffer tape can be used to mark climbs on the wall. It is preferable to duct tape because it is stronger and lasts longer on the wall.

title: Gaffer tape


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Richmond, British Columbia

Richmond is a city in the coastal Lower Mainland region of British Columbia, Canada. Mainly a suburban city, it occupies almost the entirety of Lulu Island (excluding Queensborough), between the two estuarine distributaries of the Fraser River. Encompassing the adjacent Sea Island (where the Vancouver International Airport is located) and several other smaller islands and uninhabited islets to its north and south, the suburb neighbours Vancouver and Burnaby on the Burrard Peninsula to the north, New Westminster and Annacis Island to the east, Delta to the south, and the Strait of Georgia to the west.

The indigenous Coast Salish peoples were the first people to inhabit the area of modern-day Richmond, with the Musqueam Band naming the site near Terra Nova "spələkʷəqs" or "boiling point". Today, East Asian Canadians make up a majority of Richmond's population, along with the Continental Asian Canadian population numbering almost three-fourths of the city's population. As a member municipality of Metro Vancouver, Richmond is composed of eight local neighbourhoods: Sea Island, City Centre, Thompson, West Richmond, Steveston, South Arm, East Richmond and Hamilton. As of 2022, the city has an estimated population of 230,584 people.

During the 2010 Winter Olympics, the Richmond Olympic Oval was a venue for long track speed skating events.

History
Coast Salish bands had temporary camps on the island, to fish and collect berries, which were scattered and moved from year to year. Certain Coast Salish summer camps were located at Garry Point, and Woodward's Landing, along with the site of the Terra Nova cannery, which had at one time been a Musqueam village.

There is no definitive historical account as to how Richmond was named. There are several possibilities that have been proposed, including:
 * The first family to settle in Richmond, that of Hugh McRoberts, had formerly lived in Australia. Their home there was called "Richmond View", and that is what they named their homestead in Richmond.
 * W.D. Ferris drafted the original petition for the incorporation of The Township of Richmond. He was originally from Richmond, Surrey, England.
 * Another early settler was Hugh Boyd. He was also the first Reeve of the township. His wife had been born in Richmond, North Yorkshire, England.

The Township of Richmond, British Columbia was incorporated on 10 November 1879. The Township of Richmond was modeled after Ontario's political townships – an incorporated municipality, consisting of communities that are united as a single entity with a single municipal administration. Each community was represented on the municipal council through a ward electoral system with five wards until 1946 when the ward electoral system was replaced with the at large electoral system that is currently in place.

On 3 December 1990, Richmond was designated as a City.

The first Town Hall, the Agricultural Hall and the Methodist Church (now Minoru Chapel), were built at the corner of No. 17 (River) Rd and No. 20 (Cambie) Rd near the main settlement on the northwestern tip of Lulu Island at North Arm.

The old fishing village of Steveston on the southwestern tip of Lulu Island is now home to several museums and heritage sites, as well as a working harbour for fishing boats. Currently, London Heritage Farm, the Gulf of Georgia Cannery and the Britannia Shipyard National Historic Site in Steveston highlight these parts of Richmond's diverse history.

Geography
Richmond is made up of most of the islands in the Fraser River delta, the largest and most populated island being Lulu Island. The city of Richmond includes all but a small portion of Lulu Island (the Queensborough neighbourhood at the far eastern tip is part of the city of New Westminster). The next largest island, Sea Island, is home to the Vancouver International Airport (YVR). In addition to Lulu and Sea Islands, 15 smaller islands make up the city's 128.87 km2 land area, including:
 * Mitchell Island, an industrial island accessed via the Knight Street Bridge, a bridge which connects Richmond and Vancouver.
 * Richmond Island, a former sand bar that has been turned into a peninsula that can only be reached from Vancouver, but technically is within Richmond's city limits.
 * Shady Island, an uninhabited island covered with trees, which can be reached over land by foot at low tide from near Steveston.

The city also includes the fishing village of Steveston, located in the far southwest corner of the city, and Burkeville, which shares Sea Island with the airport. Both Steveston and Burkeville were independent villages until they were annexed by Richmond.

Since all of Richmond occupies islands in a river delta, the city has plenty of rich, alluvial soil for agriculture, and was one of the first areas in British Columbia to be farmed by Europeans in the 19th century. The drawback of Richmond's geographical location was that since all the land averages just one metre above sea level, it was prone to flooding, especially during high tide. As a result, all the major islands are now surrounded by a system of dykes, which, although not as massive as those in the Netherlands or the levees of New Orleans, serve to protect the city from anticipated sources of flooding. There is a possibility that, during an earthquake, the dykes could rupture, and the alluvial soil may liquefy, causing extensive damage. Richmond is also at risk of a major flood if the Fraser River has an unusually high spring freshet. Recreational trails run along the tops of many of the dykes, and Richmond also supports about 1400 acre of parkland.

Because of the high groundwater table, very few houses in Richmond have basements and until the late 1980s, very few buildings were above 3 storeys high. Also, because of proximity to the airport, current building codes limit the height of buildings to 150 ft.

Climate
Richmond has an oceanic climate (Cfb). Because it is not as close to the mountains, it actually receives 30% less rain than neighbouring Vancouver. It rarely snows in winter, and the summer temperatures are mild to warm. Richmond is also very cloudy in the cooler months.

Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Richmond had a population of 209,937 living in 81,080 of its 85,035 total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of 198,309. The average age of the population was 43.3 years old, and the median age of the population was 43.6. Of the population, 13.3 percent was 0 to 14 years of age, 20 percent was 65 years and over, 2.4 percent was 85 years and over, and 66.7 percent was the age 15 to 64 years old. Richmond's 2021 population of 209,937 makes it the fourth-largest city in British Columbia, after Vancouver (662,248), Surrey (568,322) and Burnaby (249,125).

Richmond has a land area of 128.87 km2 and a population density of in 2021. The average size of a household in Richmond is 2.6 persons. Most households have a household size of 2 persons, and the least households have 5 or more persons. Apartment buildings are the most common structural type of dwellings, made up of 18,590 apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys, 15,475 apartment in a building that has five or more storeys, and 4,990 apartment or flat in a duplex. Single-detached houses are also popular with 24,435 single-detached houses located in Richmond. Other types of buildings include 1,585, semi-detached houses 15,945 row houses, 20 other single-attached houses, and 45 movable dwellings.

The average price of a detached home in Richmond is $1,581,600.

Richmond has an immigrant population of 60 percent, the highest in Canada.

Richmond is also home to two of the largest Buddhist temples in North America, the International Buddhist Temple and the Ling Yen Mountain Temple.

Ethnicity
Approximately half of Richmond residents identify as having Chinese ancestry with BBC calling it "North America's most Asian city" in 2012. East Asian Canadians make up a majority of Richmond's population, many of whom immigrated in the late 1980s, mostly from Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Mainland China on top of the Japanese Canadian community who immigrated to Canada nearly a century earlier. Almost three quarters of city's population is of Continental Asian descent, where other Continental Asian Canadians communities residing in Richmond include Indo-Canadians and Filipino Canadians.

Richmond's Japanese community has a long history in Steveston dating back to the 1800s. Following Japan's 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, the Anti-Japanese sentiment grew, and this community was devastated as residents of Japanese descent were relocated to internment camps in the BC Interior and Alberta and their property sold at auction.

Languages
The 2021 census found that English was spoken as mother tongue by 31.31% of the population. The next most common mother tongue language was Cantonese, spoken by 21.52% of the population, followed by Mandarin at 21.08%.

Religion
According to the 2021 census, religious groups in Richmond included:
 * Irreligion (111,140 persons or 53.3%)
 * Christianity (64,405 persons or 30.9%)
 * Buddhism (11,590 persons or 5.6%)
 * Islam (7,630 persons or 3.7%)
 * Sikhism (6,985 persons or 3.4%)
 * Hinduism (2,605 persons or 1.3%)
 * Judaism (2,515 persons or 1.2%)
 * Indigenous spirituality (40 persons or <0.1%)

Economy
Richmond supports about 100,000 jobs in various areas, including services, retailing, tourism, light manufacturing, airport services and aviation, agriculture, fishing, and government. Richmond also is a leading centre in the region for high-technology companies, including Norsat and Sierra Wireless.

Pacific Coastal Airlines has its headquarters in the South Terminal of Vancouver International Airport. Air Canada Jazz operates a regional office in Richmond.

Before its dissolution, Canadian Airlines operated an office in Richmond. Before it merged into Air Canada Jazz, regional airline Air BC was headquartered in Richmond. Prior to its dissolution, Harmony Airways, Pacific Western Airlines and Canadian Pacific Air Lines were all headquartered in Richmond.

The first McDonald's restaurant outside of the United States was opened in Richmond in June 1967.

Agriculture
The Agricultural Land Reserve preserves 4,916 hectares within the city as farmland, an area that makes up most of east Richmond. Of this area, 3,012 hectares are farmed by 247 farms; the rest is either vacant or occupied by non-farm uses. Cranberries and blueberries are the dominant crops grown. Other crops grown include strawberries, corn, and potatoes. In 2001, Richmond had approximately 47% of BC's cranberry acreage.

Shopping malls
Richmond Centre, Lansdowne Centre, McArthurGlen Vancouver, Parker Place and Aberdeen Centre are some of the most prominent malls in Richmond. There is also Steveston Village.

The Seafair Plaza commercial center is near Steveston, in Seafair, a different neighbourhood and planning area.

The success of these malls has created significant economic growth in Richmond. Richmond Centre has become Canada's 12th most profitable mall. Offices, apartment buildings, and transportation hubs have sprung up around the mall. While McArthurGlen Vancouver has been given the Best Outlet Centre 2015 award at MAPIC.

Richmond is also home to many Chinese-oriented shopping malls, most of them along No. 3 Road from Alderbridge Way to Capstan Way. This area is officially termed as the "Golden Village" by Tourism Richmond and includes malls such as Aberdeen Centre, Continental Centre, Union Square, President Plaza, Parker Place, and Yaohan Centre. The strip malls located on Alexandra Road are famous for their restaurants, and the area is more commonly known as "food street".

Development
Richmond city planners are one year into their update of its official plan, passed in fall 2019, for the city centre. The plan is anchored by the Canada Line and includes the development of nine transit-oriented village centres. The population of the area is expected to grow from about 40,000 to 120,000 residents.

According to a senior planner for the city, the goal of the plan is to "turn the middle arm of the Fraser River into a focus instead of an edge." A Richmond parks manager said that for "too long residents have felt contained by the river, seen it as being to their backs. Now, they want people to face the river and embrace the waterfront."

Lansdowne
Lansdowne Centre will be closing in 2025 to make way for 24 towers. Within this development plan, there will be mixed housing, large public spaces with a Civic Plaza slated to be placed in the corner of Lansdowne Road and No 3 Road. The property owner, Vanprop Investment Inc., has plans for Lansdowne to be a pedestrian-friendly area with shops and services lined within its block.

The Olympic Oval
Aspac Developments Ltd purchased 7.5 ha of land adjacent to the Fraser River and the finished $178 million Richmond Olympic Oval. The $1 billion plan includes 16 high-density towers, up to 14 stories in height. The towers will be stepped toward the waterfront and will include trees and green space. Aspac's plans are for "probably the highest-end development Richmond has seen to date" said Mayor Brodie. A $2.3 million hard-surfaced path will be constructed along the river to link the project to Aberdeen Centre. Aspac's initial plan includes constructing the development in four phases, with the first phase consisting of 65000 m2 of residential development, and 2300 m2 of ground-level commercial space. Some construction will not begin until after 2010, and will take up to 12 years to complete. The warehouses and commercial parks near the development are also slated for redevelopment.

The John M.S. Lecky boathouse
The University of British Columbia constructed the John M.S. Lecky boathouse along River Road. It draws crowds from rowing regattas and dragon boat races.

Cambie Road pedestrian bridge
A possible pedestrian bridge where Cambie Road reaches the river is also being included in a future vision of the area. It would link nature trails on the north and south banks, and make Aberdeen Centre within walking distance for BCIT's aerospace campus students.

Capstan Way
Developer Pinnacle International is planning a 16-building development on a 7 ha property near Capstan Way and No 3 road. The mixed-use development would include over 2,100 residential units, various commercial uses, and a hotel.

The Canada Line is considered critical to the project. A fifth Richmond station at Capstan Way (No. 3 Road and Capstan Way) was originally planned, but was cancelled in March 2009. This station was considered so critical to the development that the City of Richmond has received $19 million from developers for the station to be built. TransLink, the Canada Line operator, has started designing this station in November 2017. On 2 September 2021, construction started on Capstan station.

Also included will be 100 affordable housing units, a 25-space daycare, and a 0.6 ha park. The developers are also proposing live-work dwellings, where shop owners would live above their ground-level operations.

Aberdeen Square
Fairchild Developments built a six-floor expansion to its Chinese-oriented shopping centre, Aberdeen Centre. The plan includes an office building and a link to the Canada Line's Aberdeen station. The new complex was completed and opened up to the public in 2014.

Bridgeport Station
The River Rock Casino Resort is located near the Canada Line Bridgeport station and has built a 12-story hotel. The casino has added an addition above the newly added six-story car park and SkyTrain Bridgeport Station. TransLink (the Canada Line owner) gave the Great Canadian Casino Corporation land worth $9.5 million, and $4.5 million in cash in return for building the park-and-ride facility. Transit users are charged $3.00 per day to use the facility (up from an initial $2.00 charge).

Garden City Lands
The 55.2 ha parcel known as the Garden City Lands was leased by the federal government for decades and was formerly used as a transmitter site for program requirements of the Canadian Coast Guard. The property is bounded by Westminster Highway, Garden City Road, Alderbridge Way and No. 4 Road and has been within the Provincial Agricultural Land Reserve (ALR) since 1973. In 2005, the Federal Government of Canada deemed the land as "surplus" to its needs and sold the site to the Canada Lands Company, a federal Crown corporation.

The City of Richmond, Canada Lands Company, and the Musqueam Indian Band entered a 2005 agreement with the federal government that included the intent to remove the land from the ALR for the purposes of high-density development. In April 2008, an application to exclude the land from the Agricultural Land Reserve was made to the Agricultural Land Commission. The application was rejected on 10 February 2009.

On 8 March 2010, Richmond City Council announced a deal had been approved whereby the city would purchase the entire parcel of land from the Musqueam Band and Canada Lands Company for $59.2 million.

The Musqueam band has since brought a lawsuit against the City of Richmond, claiming they sold it under duress. The lawsuit remains dormant and it is the understanding of Coun. Harold Steves that the lawsuit will remain dormant unless the city wants to develop the lands into anything that is not related to ALR use.

Arts and culture
On Canada Day, Richmond has an annual festival in Steveston called the Steveston Salmon Festival. This event includes a parade, and a huge barbecued salmon sale in front of the Steveston Community Centre. Locally based municipal, provincial and federal politicians frequently show up at this event, usually as part of the parade and/or to hand out Canadian flags.

An annual Richmond Maritime Festival has been held at the Britannia Shipyard, National Historic Site every August since 2004. It is a family event that celebrates the region's maritime heritage with live entertainment, ships, exhibits and demonstrations.

In 2002, Richmond hosted a tall ships festival, which attracted an estimated 400,000 people to Steveston. The success of this event surpassed many expectations and caused traffic congestion in the usually quiet area. There was insufficient parking in the area, which gave locals the idea of selling "parking space" by using their driveways and front yards. Despite the event's popularity, there was a revenue shortfall and the city decided not to host the event again.

Many indoor and outdoor art exhibitions are hosted by Richmond Arts Coalition (RAC) throughout the year. The Richmond Arts Strategy, passed in July 2004 by the City of Richmond, includes a proposal to promote communication between arts organizations and develop the Richmond arts community. In January 2005, a Board, mission, and mandate was established. On 1 November 2005, artists, art organizations, and patrons of the arts formed the Richmond Arts Coalition. The RAC hosts Richmond arts events, connects the public to artists and events, provides artist opportunities, nominate awards, funds performers to specific events, stimulates arts projects, and advocate for arts issues, performances, education, creation, and exhibition activities.

During the summer weekends, an annual Richmond Night Market is held. Toys, clothes, cell phones, and food are available along with live entertainment. It is very popular and is usually crowded.

Richmond also hosted the 2006 Gemini Awards, which were held at River Rock Casino. This marked the first time the ceremony had taken place on the West Coast, as it traditionally takes place in Toronto.

Parks and recreation
There are 140 public parks and 14 public recreation facilities in Richmond, including but not limited to: • Cambie Community Centre

• City Centre Community Centre

• Hamilton Community Centre

• Iona Beach Regional Park

• Lang Centre (City Centre)

• McDonald Beach Park

• McLean Park

• Minoru Aquatic Centre

• Minoru Arenas

• Minoru Artificial Turf

• Minoru Park

• Minoru Sports Pavilion

• Richmond Ice Centre

• Richmond Olympic Oval

• Richmond Nature Park

• Richmond Public Library

• Sea Island Community Centre

• South Arm Community Centre

• South Arm Park

• South Arm Pool

• Steveston Community Centre

• Steveston Pool

• Terra Nova Nature Park

• Thompson Community Centre

• Watermania Aquatic Centre

• West Richmond Community Centre

An extensive trail system provides 136 kilometres of recreational trails in parks and 87 kilometres of on-road cycling paths.

Sports
Richmond is home to the Richmond Sockeyes Junior B hockey team. It also hosts the BC Thunder of the National Ringette League. Richmond also has two swim clubs: the Kigoos summer swimming club and the Richmond Rapids Swim Club. Richmond also has multiple soccer teams, under the name Richmond FC, ranging in ages and skill levels, from U4's to U18's, and from house divisions to elite programming. As of 1 October 2006, the middle arm of Richmond's Fraser River became home to both the UBC Thunderbirds varsity rowing program and St. George's School rowing program, with the completion of the new $6 million CAD John M.S. Lecky UBC Boathouse. In addition, this facility will also function to enhance participation in the sports of rowing and dragon boating for the greater community, including youth, adults, and rowing alumni. Richmond also has their own short track speed skating club, the Richmond Rockets and their own rugby union club, the Richmond Rugby Football Club.

The 2010 Winter Olympics
For the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, the City of Richmond constructed an 8,000-seat speed-skating oval near the No. 2 Road Bridge, just across (the middle arm of) the Fraser River from Vancouver International Airport. The final construction cost (paid for by the city, the provincial government and the federal government) is around $178 million CAD. Since the completion of the Games, the oval has served as a recreational structure for local residents. The Richmond Oval officially opened on 12 December 2008. The city received $141 million CAD from ASPAC Developments for city-owned land next to the Oval. The sale more than covers the unfunded portion of the Oval's price tag.

Government
Richmond votes regularly for conservative or centrist parties, and is a stronghold for the BC Liberal Party.

Municipal
Richmond's municipal council is elected using an at-large electoral system. Like Vancouver, but unlike most cities in British Columbia, Richmond runs on a political system of locally based political parties, or slates. For the most part, however, their organization is weak, and they may collapse or change names from one election to another.

Local government includes a 9-member city council and a 7-member school board. City council consists of a mayor and 8 councillors. The current mayor of Richmond is Malcolm Brodie, who is serving his 6th term as mayor. The last elections were held in October 2018.

In the 2018 city elections, the RCA (Richmond Citizen's Association) party, the Richmond First party, and the RITE Richmond party all won 2 seats, the Richmond Community Coalition won one seat, and there is one independent. On the Richmond Board of Education, the Richmond Education Party won three seats, the Richmond First Party won two seats, and there are two independents.

Provincial
In the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, Richmond was previously a stronghold of the BC United Party. In the most recent provincial election in 2020, the BC NDP flipped three of Richmond's four electoral districts (Richmond South Centre, Richmond-Queensborough, and Richmond-Steveston).

Federal
In the House of Commons of Canada, Richmond is divided between two electoral districts: Richmond Centre, which encompasses the city's centre and west, and Steveston—Richmond East, which encompasses the south and east. In the 2021 federal election, the Liberal Party won Richmond Centre and Steveston—Richmond East.

Transportation
Richmond is connected by a system of bridges and tunnels to Vancouver and Delta, and through the New Westminster suburb of Queensborough (on eastern Lulu Island) to the "mainland" portion of New Westminster. Three bridges (one of them twinned) connect Lulu Island to Sea Island and the Vancouver International Airport; one bridge connects Sea Island and the Vancouver International Airport to Vancouver; two bridges connect Lulu Island to Vancouver; one bridge connects Queensborough (on eastern Lulu Island) to New Westminster; one bridge connects Queensborough to Annacis Island in Delta; one twinned bridge connects Richmond to Annacis Island; and one of the few underwater tunnels in British Columbia connects Richmond to Delta.

Two freeways serve Richmond: Highway 99, which connects to Interstate 5 at the border with the United States, and Highway 91, which connects Delta, New Westminster, and Richmond.

Railway bridges connect Lulu Island to Vancouver, New Westminster, and Annacis Island, and serve the Canadian National and Canadian Pacific Railways, as well as the Southern Railway of British Columbia (although the latter railway's Lulu Island trackage is entirely within Queensborough).

Public transportation in Richmond is provided by TransLink, the regional transit authority for Metro Vancouver. The system provides bus and rail service from Richmond to Vancouver, Surrey, New Westminster, Burnaby, and Delta. The Canada Line is a SkyTrain rail line, connecting both Richmond and the airport to Downtown Vancouver and to points in between, opened on Monday, 17 August 2009. The Canada Line provides travel to Downtown Vancouver in 25 minutes with a frequency of 3 to 12 minutes, 20 hours per day. Major transit hubs include Richmond–Brighouse station, which serves as a hub for many Richmond bus routes, and Bridgeport station which serves as a hub for bus routes connecting to other municipalities. After the Canada Line closes at night, late-night service is provided by the N10 Nightbus every day of the week. The bus runs every 30 minutes, with the exception of one northbound trip (2am – 3am), during which service is at 60 minutes; service returns to 30 minutes after the northbound trip at 3am.

A dockless bicycle-sharing system, consisting of e-bikes and e-scooters, was launched in the City Centre area in May 2022 by Lime .

Vancouver International Airport (YVR), located on Sea Island, which is part of Richmond, to the north of Lulu Island, provides most of the air access to the region. Several float plane companies (including Salt Spring Air, Harbour Air and Seair Seaplanes) operate from the south terminal, providing service to the Gulf Islands and Vancouver Island. The airport is the second busiest in Canada and one of the busiest international airports on the West Coast of North America.

Health care
Health care in Richmond is overseen by the Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, which also covers the City of Vancouver, District of West Vancouver, City of North Vancouver, and District of North Vancouver as well as coastal regions of British Columbia.

Richmond Hospital, located on the southeast corner of Westminster Highway and Gilbert Road, is undergoing redevelopment. In 2018, the Ministry of Health approved an 8-floor acute care tower redevelopment plan to replace the aging north tower. On 2 July 2020, the provincial government announced the acute care tower concept plan was being updated, with an additional floor (9 total) and announcement of expanded and renewed ER, ICU, Pharmacy, along with renovations to the south tower to include more inpatient psychiatric beds along with a psych ER.

The city is known internationally as the headquarters of the Canadian Hemochromatosis Society, and also as the city where the National Annual Hemochromatosis Awareness Month was initiated by former Mayor G. H. Blair in 1987.

Emergency services
The Richmond Fire-Rescue Department, established in 1897, is responsible for providing both fire and extrication services in Richmond. The department has seven fire halls and responds to fire rescue calls and medical emergencies. It also provides emergency services at Vancouver International Airport. There are fire stations located in City Centre, Steveston, Cambie, Sea Island, Hamilton, Shellmont, and Crestwood.

The City of Richmond utilizes the Royal Canadian Mounted Police as its primary form of municipal law enforcement, with their main detachment located on No. 5 Road in the Ironwood area. The Richmond RCMP also has community police stations located in City Centre, South Arm, and Steveston.

The British Columbia Ambulance Service provides the city with emergency medical response.

Education
Richmond is home to a campus of Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Sprott Shaw College and Trinity Western University. The British Columbia Institute of Technology also runs an aerospace technology campus in Sea Island near Vancouver International Airport.

School District 38 Richmond oversees 10 public secondary schools and 38 public elementary schools, including three Montessori schools, two late French immersion schools, and six early French immersion schools. The district also hosts two International Baccalaureate programs, located at Richmond Secondary School and Hugh Boyd Secondary School.

The Conseil scolaire francophone de la Colombie-Britannique, headquartered in Richmond, operates one Francophone primary school in that city: école des Navigateurs.

Richmond is also home to a number of private schools providing K-12 education, including Richmond Christian School, Muslim School of British Columbia, St. Paul's Elementary School, St. Joseph the Worker Elementary School, Richmond Jewish Day School, Choice School for the Gifted and Exceptional, Cornerstone Christian Academy, and Pythagoras Academy.

Radio production
The Indo-Canadian radio station Sher-E-Punjab has its headquarters in Richmond.

Two Chinese-Canadian radio stations providing news, traffic, and music are headquartered in Richmond. Fairchild Radio, headquartered in Aberdeen Centre, is a radio station with programming for both Mandarin and Cantonese speakers. CHMB AM1320, a radio station for Cantonese speakers, is headquartered in East Richmond.

Z95-3's studio is located in the Ironwood area of Richmond. The radio station provides Metro Vancouver listeners with hot adult contemporary, incorporating a mix of older songs with Top 40 hits.

Film and television production
Steveston Village has played home to several major American movies such as Blade II and The 6th Day, and television series such as The X-Files, Supernatural, The Secret Circle, The Outer Limits, Killer Instinct, Smallville, Stargate SG-1, the Final Destination series and the Scary Movie series. It is also the location for the fictitious town of Storybrooke in the ABC TV series Once Upon a Time.

Fantasy Gardens (an old amusement park which is relocated now) served as Halloweentown in the popular Disney Channel television movie Halloweentown II: Kalabar's Revenge and was also featured in the TV series Killer Instinct and Stargate SG-1. The television series Aliens in America and Life Unexpected also made use of Cambie Secondary School in the northern part of the city.

The exterior of the Workers' Compensation Board building (now the WorkSafeBC building) was used for the hospital in Stephen King's Kingdom Hospital. These exteriors can now be seen on the CBS series Eleventh Hour.

Vancouver International Airport on Richmond's Sea Island has also been featured in numerous films and television series, commonly standing in for Seattle-Tacoma International Airport (as it does in The Cleaner and Dead Like Me). It is also featured as stand-ins for other airports in films such as Final Destination, The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants, The L Word, The Lizzie McGuire Movie, Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer and Are We There Yet?

The Aerospace Technology Campus of BCIT, located just next to Vancouver International Airport, was used as a military academy mess hall for the live-action prequel series for the popular console game Halo 4 in Halo 4: Forward Unto Dawn. In addition, many other films, such as Rise of the Planet of the Apes and This Means War, were filmed there due to the directors taking a liking to the cement structure of the building, which makes for very official-looking sets.

Richmond serves as the Vancouver headquarters for the Fairchild Media Group which broadcasts Cantonese and Mandarin television channels from Aberdeen Centre. Their channels include Fairchild TV, Fairchild TV 2, and Talentvision.

Sister cities
Richmond's sister cities are:
 * Pierrefonds-Roxboro (Montreal), Canada (since 1967)
 * Wakayama, Japan (since 1973)
 * Xiamen, China (since 2012)

Since 2008, Richmond also has a friendship city relationship with Qingdao, China.

Notable people
• Aaron Ashmore, actor

• Shawn Ashmore, actor

• Sonny Assu, artist

• Arjan Bhullar, wrestler

• Edison Chen, Hong Kong entertainer

• Nicki Clyne, actress

• Charlotte Diamond, Juno-winning children's singer

• Evan Dunfee, race walker and olympian.

• Gary Fung, founder and administrator of the BitTorrent index site isohunt

• Shaul Gordon (born 1994), Canadian-Israeli Olympic sabre fencer

• David Grierson, radio host for CBC Radio

• Kyle Hamilton, Gold medal-winning Olympic rower

• Scott Hannan, professional NHL hockey player with the San Jose Sharks

• Rick Hansen, disability activist and former Paralympian

• Chris Haslam, professional skateboarder

• Rob Howard, politician

• Olga Ilich, former British Columbia MLA

• Manny Jacinto, actor

• Brian Johns, Olympic swimmer

• Jason Jordan, striker for the Vancouver Whitecaps

• Helen Kelesi, professional tennis player

• Alexa Loo, Olympic snowboarder

• Harvey Lowe, winner of the first World Yo-Yo Contest in 1932

• Megan McNamara, beach volleyball Player

• Nicole McNamara, beach volleyball Player

• James Paxton, Major League Baseball player

• Angus Reid, professional CFL football player with the BC Lions

• Coco Rocha, supermodel

• Eli Schenkel (born 1992), American-born Canadian Olympic fencer

• Brent Seabrook, former professional NHL hockey player with the Chicago Blackhawks

• Bobby Singh, professional CFL football player with the BC Lions

• Troy Stecher, professional NHL hockey player with the Edmonton Oilers

• Ryan Stiles, comedian

• Brittany Tiplady, teen actress

• Bjarni Tryggvason, astronaut

• Bill Vander Zalm, former Premier of British Columbia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Richmond, British Columbia


text:
Huntington, New York

The Town of Huntington is one of ten towns in Suffolk County, New York. Founded in 1653, it is located on the north shore of Long Island in northwestern Suffolk County, with Long Island Sound to its north and Nassau County adjacent to the west. Huntington is part of the New York metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 204,127, making it the 11th most populous city/town in the state.

History
In 1653, three men from Oyster Bay, Richard Holbrook, Robert Williams and Daniel Whitehead, purchased a parcel of land from the Matinecock tribe. This parcel has since come to be known as the "First Purchase" and included land bordered by Cold Spring Harbor on the west, Northport Harbor on the east, what is now known as Old Country Road to the south and Long Island Sound to the north. The three men immediately turned the land over to the settlers who had already been living there.

The origin of the name is unknown but the consensus among historians is it was named for the birthplace of Oliver Cromwell who was Lord Protector of England at the time of the town's establishment. From that initial settlement, Huntington grew over subsequent years to include all of the land presently comprising the modern Towns of Huntington and Babylon. The southern part of the town was formally separated to create Babylon in 1872.

Because Huntington was populated largely by English settlers, unlike the rest of the New Amsterdam colony, the town voted in 1660 to become part of the Connecticut colony rather than remain under the authority of New Amsterdam. It was not until the British gained control of New Amsterdam in 1664 (renaming it New York) that Huntington was formally restored to the jurisdiction of New York.

Following the Battle of Long Island during the American Revolutionary War, British troops used Huntington as their headquarters, and remained encamped there until the end of the war.

The arrival of the Long Island Rail Road in 1867 transformed the economy of Huntington from primarily agriculture and shipping (based on its well protected harbor) to tourism and commuting. Cold Spring Harbor became a popular summer resort.

The end of World War II brought about an explosive growth of population in Huntington amid white flight, as in the rest of the region. Farms and resorts gave way to homes, and Huntington has transformed into a major commuter town for nearby New York City.

In 1988, the Supreme Court ruled that Huntington had violated the Fair Housing Act by preventing apartment construction anywhere except in Black neighborhoods. A developer of an affordable housing project sought to build it in a white neighborhood, but the town restricted the developer to black neighborhoods. The Supreme Court ordered the town to build an affordable housing project in a white neighborhood. Construction on that project began in 2023.

In 2019, Huntington banned the creation of new basement apartments. In 2023, a councilmember proposed legalizing basement apartments to alleviate the housing crisis in Huntington and other communities surrounding New York City. At a July 2023 hearing, in which local residents railed against "migrants, pedophiles, or criminals" moving into Huntington, council members backtracked on their support for the zoning change.

Geography
Huntington is bounded by Long Island Sound to the north, Nassau County to the west, Babylon to the south, and Smithtown to the east. It also shares a small border with Islip to the southeast.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 137.1 sqmi, of which 94.0 sqmi is land and 43.1 sqmi (31.44%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 195,289 people, 65,917 households, and 52,338 families residing in the town. The population density was 2,078.4 PD/sqmi. There were 67,708 housing units at an average density of 720.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town in 2000 was 88.31% White, 4.22% Black or African American, 0.13% Native American, 3.50% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 2.27% from other races, and 1.55% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.58% of the population. As of the census of 2010, the racial makeup of the town was 84.15% White, 4.68% Black or African American, 0.20% Native American, 4.96% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 3.89% from other races, and 2.10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.00% of the population.

There were 65,917 households, out of which 37.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.4% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.6% were non-families. 16.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.91 and the average family size was 3.26.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.5% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 25.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.4 males.

According to a 2007 estimate, the median income for a household in the town was $102,865, and the median income for a family was $113,119. Males had a median income of $61,748 versus $40,825 for females. The per capita income for the town was $36,390. About 2.9% of families and 4.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.1% of those under age 18 and 4.6% of those age 65 or over.

Government and politics
The town government consists of a town council with four members, all of whom are elected at large. The town supervisor is elected by the entire town. Other elected positions are the Town Clerk, Highway Superintendent, and Receiver of Taxes. A referendum to move to a ward district system on December 22, 2009, failed 81% to 18%.

Until 2017, Huntington was generally controlled by the Democratic Party, having the same Democratic town supervisor, Frank Petrone, for 20 years prior to 2017. The town board followed suit during these years, generally being controlled by the Democratic Party. In 2017, the Republican Party took control of the town supervisor position with the election of Chad Lupinacci. The Republicans have held this position since. In the 2021 general election, the people of Huntington elected Edmund Smyth to the supervisor position. Two Republicans were also elected to the town board: Dr. Dave Bennardo and Salvatore Ferro. In the 2023 general election, Brooke Lupinacci and Theresa Mari were elected, creating a 5–0 super majority for the Republican Party on the town board. The town clerk position is held by Andrew Raia, and the highway superintendent is Andre Sorentino, both Republicans. The lone Democrat in the Huntington town government is Jillian Guthman, who has served as the receiver of taxes since 2017, when she was appointed to the position by the board, and shortly after re-elected to serve a full term in 2018.

Economy
Sbarro's headquarters were located in Melville in the Town of Huntington until 2015.

Around 2002, Swiss International Air Lines's North American headquarters moved from Melville to Uniondale, Town of Hempstead. The facility, the former Swissair North American headquarter site, was completed in 1995. Swissair intended to own, instead of lease, its headquarters site. It enlisted architect Richard Meier to design the Melville facility.

In 1997, Aer Lingus announced that it was moving its North American headquarters from Manhattan to Melville; James Lyndon, a spokesperson for the airline, said that the company moved to Long Island in an effort to reduce costs, as leasing costs are lower on Long Island than in Manhattan. The move would transfer 75 employees, including administrative personnel, marketing personnel, sales personnel, and telephone reservation agents. The airline planned to move on June 15, 1997. The airline had also considered sites in Boston and in Westchester, New York.

Top employers
According to Huntington's 2016 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the town are:

Colleges and universities
Huntington is home to two institutions of higher education, including:
 * Five Towns College in Dix Hills
 * Seminary of the Immaculate Conception

Elementary and high schools

 * Cold Spring Harbor Central School District
 * Cold Spring Harbor Jr./Sr. High School
 * Goosehill Primary School
 * Lloyd Harbor School
 * Westside School

 * Commack School District
 * Commack High School
 * Commack Middle School
 * Burr Intermediate School
 * Sawmill Intermediate School
 * Rolling Hills Primary School
 * North Ridge Primary School
 * Note: Some schools in the Commack School District are located in the Town of Smithtown.

 * Elwood Union Free School District
 * John Glenn High School
 * Elwood Middle School
 * James H. Boyd Intermediate School
 * Harley Avenue Primary School

 * Half Hollow Hills Central School District
 * Half Hollow Hills High School East
 * Half Hollow Hills High School West
 * West Hollow Middle School
 * Candlewood Middle School
 * Otsego Elementary School
 * Paumanok Elementary School
 * Signal Hill Elementary School
 * Sunquam Elementary School
 * Vanderbilt Elementary School

 * Harborfields Central School District
 * Harborfields High School
 * Oldfield Middle School
 * Thomas J. Lahey Elementary School
 * Washington Drive Primary School

 * Huntington Union Free School District
 * Huntington High School
 * J. Taylor Finley Middle School
 * Woodhull Intermediate School
 * Jack Abrams Intermediate School
 * Flower Hill Primary School
 * Jefferson Primary School
 * Southdown Primary School
 * Washington Primary School

 * Northport-East Northport Union Free School District
 * Northport High School
 * East Northport Middle School
 * Northport Middle School
 * 5th Avenue Elementary School
 * Pulaski Rd Elementary School
 * Bellerose Elementary School
 * Dickinson Elementary School
 * Norwood Elementary School
 * Ocean Ave Elementary School

 * South Huntington Union Free School District
 * Walt Whitman High School
 * Henry L. Stimson Middle School (with 6th grade at Silas Wood Center)
 * Birchwood Intermediate School
 * Maplewood Intermediate School
 * Countrywood Primary School
 * Oakwood Primary School

 * Private schools
 * St. Patrick's School
 * St. Anthony's High School
 * Upper Room Christian School

Local media
Several weekly newspapers cover local news exclusively, including The Long-Islander, since 1838 as well as The Times of Huntington by TBR News Media. The Village Connection Magazine, published by Jim Savalli, is a lifestyle and entertainment magazine dedicated to the town of Huntington. Additionally, Patch, an online-only news website formerly owned by AOL; and the Huntington Buzz, an online-only news website that is independently owned; cover hyper-local news on issues, people and events in Huntington.

In popular culture

 * Huntington is the setting of the long-running comic strip The Lockhorns.
 * Huntington is the basis for the television series The Wonder Years.
 * Huntington is the town in which the American sitcom Growing Pains supposedly takes place. However, Robin Hood Lane, the street address of the Seaver family's home, is fictional. The show's creator, Neal Marlens, grew up in Huntington.
 * The Village of Northport was mentioned in episode 6 of the 2012 NBC drama series Smash.

Notable people
• Jason Alexander, actor

• Wendy Andreiev (Wendy Wild), lead vocalist in the 1980s for several New York–based bands

• Al Arbour, lived in Cold Spring Harbor during his coaching career with the New York Islanders; moved in 1999, some years after his retirement

• Sam Aronson, director of the Brookhaven National Laboratory

• Ian Matthias Bavitz (Aesop Rock), hip-hop, rap artist

• Joe Bendik, professional goalkeeper for Orlando City.

• Robert Bendiner, journalist, editor, and author

• Judith S. Bloch, a LCSW and activist in the field of early childhood education

• Brian Bloom, actor; previously lived in Dix Hills

• Bob Bourne, former New York Islanders player

• Stephen Bowen, Dallas Cowboys defensive end; lived in Dix Hills through high school

• Christie Brinkley, model

• Anthony Brown, Attorney General of Maryland

• Brendan B. Brown, lead vocalist for the band Wheatus

• Edwin G. Burrows, won 1999 Pulitzer Prize for History for the book Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898

• Greg Buttle, former NFL football player for the New York Jets

• Peter Calandra, Broadway, movie, and television pianist/composer

• Mariah Carey, singer-songwriter, born and raised in Centerport, New York; graduated from Harborfields High School in 1987.

• Alexandra Carter, academic, mediator, media personality, negotiation trainer, and author

• Harry Chapin, singer-songwriter and humanitarian

• John Coltrane, famed jazz saxophonist and composer; lived in Dix Hills during the last years of his life

• Gerry Cooney, former heavyweight boxer

• Bob Costas, sportscaster

• Anthony Cumia, former co-host of XM Satellite Radio program Opie and Anthony, current host of The Anthony Cumia Show

• Cornelius H. DeLamater, industrialist, and owner of Eaton's Neck

• Alice G. Dewey, anthropologist

• Marlene Dietrich, actress and singer

• James L. Dolan, Cablevision CEO; graduated in 1974 from Cold Spring Harbor High School

• Harry E. Donnell, noted architect, and Eaton's Neck estate owner

• Arthur Dove, artist

• Adam Ebbin, Senate of Virginia member

• Edie Falco, Broadway, movie, and television actress best known for her role as Carmela Soprano on The Sopranos

• Alison Fanelli, actress best known for the role on the television series The Adventures of Pete & Pete

• Greg Fox, nationally syndicated comic strip artist/writer (His comic Kyle's Bed & Breakfast takes place in Northport)

• Mark Gastineau, defensive end for the New York Jets; lived in Huntington Bay in the 1980s

• Andrew Geller, architect

• Clark Gillies, former New York Islanders hockey player and Hockey Hall of Famer

• Jackie Gleason, comedian; spent many summers in Asharoken

• Rube Goldberg, cartoonist

• Don Goldstein, All American and Pan American champion basketball player

• George Grosz, artist

• Leroy Grumman

• Tom Gugliotta, former NBA player

• Julie Halston, actress and comedian

• Jupiter Hammon

• Sean Hannity, talk show and Fox News host

• John L. Hennessy, president of Stanford University

• Pete Harnisch, Major League pitcher

• Mel Harris, actress

• Tobias Harris, NBA player

• Melissa Joan Hart, actress, writer, director, producer, singer, and businesswoman

• Joseph Jeffrey Hazelwood, the ship's master of the Exxon Valdez at the time of the Exxon Valdez oil spill in the Prince William Sound, Alaska, on March 24, 1989

• Elizabeth Hendrickson, television actress best known for her role as twin sisters Frankie and Maggie Stone on All My Children.

• Ron Hextall, former NHL goalie

• John Sloss Hobart, owner of Eaton's Neck, and U.S. Senator; namesake of the Town's "Hobart Beach" in Eaton's Neck

• Bill and Bunny Hoest, co-creators of The Lockhorns

• Chris Hogan, NFL wide receiver two-time Super Bowl Champion with the New England Patriots.

• Gregg (Opie) Hughes

• "Cousin" Sal Iacono, comedian and writer

• Amy Ignatow, author and illustrator, The Popularity Papers

• Steve Israel, U.S. Representative (D-N.Y.)

• Curtis Jackson (50 Cent), lived in Dix Hills

• Billy Joel, singer

• Jenny Kallur, Swedish World Championships finalist in 100-meter hurdles; born in Huntington

• Susanna Kallur, Swedish World Indoor record holder in the 60-meter hurdles; born in Huntington

• Darius Kasparaitis, former NHL ice hockey player for the New York Islanders, Pittsburgh Penguins, Colorado Avalanche and the New York Rangers.

• Ricky Kasso, murderer

• Jack Kerouac, novelist and writer commonly credited as a major catalyst for the 1960s counterculture movement.

• Pat LaFontaine, professional hockey player

• Fiorello La Guardia, famed former mayor of New York City

• Michael Lardon, sport psychiatrist

• Lawrence C. Levy (born 1950), executive dean of the National Center for Suburban Studies at Hofstra University, and journalist

• Charles Lindbergh, aviator

• Lindsay Lohan, spent a portion of her childhood and teen years in Cold Spring Harbor. She attended Cold Spring Harbor High School until her Sophomore year of high school

• Mark LoMonaco, wrestler; grew up in Dix Hills

• Allie Long, professional soccer player

• Carey Lowell, actor; James Bond film Licence to Kill; Law & Order character Jamie Ross, 1996–2001

• Charles Ludlam, actor, playwright and founder of the Theater of the Ridiculous in New York City, grew up in Greenlawn and graduated from Harborfields High School.

• Patti Lupone, Tony Award-winning broadway and television actress, best known for her role as Eva Peron in Evita; raised in Northport

• John Macaluso, drummer

• Ralph Macchio, actor (The Karate Kid); raised in Dix Hills

• Ashley Massaro, former World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) Diva

• Barbara McClintock (1902–1992), Nobel Prize-winning cytogeneticist, died in Huntington

• Chris Messina, television actor, best known for his role as Ted Fairwell on Six Feet Under

• Dina Meyer, actress

• Dan Milano, television writer and voice actor best known as the co-creator of the show Greg the Bunny

• Paul Steven Miller, commissioner, U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (1994–2004); Henry M. Jackson Professor of Law at the University of Washington School of Law (2004–present); Special Assistant to President Obama (2009)

• Richard P. Mills Lt. General (ret), USMC 1975–2015

• Eric Milnes (born 1959), harpsichordist, organist and conductor

• Bruce Morrison, former U.S. Congressman from Connecticut; grew up in Northport and attended Northport High School

• Jim Neu (1943–2010), playwright

• Daniel O'Donnell, New York State Assembly member

• Rosie O'Donnell, former talk show host and LGBT rights activist, raised in Commack

• Eugene O'Neill, playwright, in 1931

• Steve Park, NASCAR driver

• Laura Pergolizzi

• Todd Phillips, filmmaker known for The Hangover

• Mary Pickford, actress

• Randy Rainbow, comedian and singer, born in and grew up in Huntington until he was ten

• Gretchen Rau, Academy Award-winning motion picture set decorator

• Sarah Reinertsen, leg amputee and athlete who set many world records

• Alia Sabur, youngest professor in history

• Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, author of The Little Prince, written at Delamater-Bevin Mansion in Asharoken in 1942

• Paul Scheer, actor and podcast host

• John Scurti, television actor best known for his role as Kenny Shea on Rescue Me

• Bonnie Seeman, ceramic artist and University of Miami art professor

• Craig Ricci Shaynak, television character actor

• Cindy Sherman, photographer

• David F. Schmitz, history professor at Whitman College

• Dee Snider, front man for rock band Twisted Sister

• David Spergel, theoretical astrophysicist and MacArthur Fellow; presently a professor at Princeton University known for his work on the WMAP mission and chair of the Astrophysics Subcommittee of the NASA Advisory Council

• Henry L. Stimson, Secretary of State under Herbert Hoover, Secretary of War under William Howard Taft and again for Franklin D. Roosevelt throughout World War II

• Brandon Sutter, NHL player for the Vancouver Canucks

• Ruth Ann Swenson, opera singer

• Wally Szczerbiak, NBA basketball player for the Cleveland Cavaliers; attended Cold Spring Harbor High School

• Evan Thomas, journalist; editor and author; grew up in Cold Spring Harbor

• Richard D. Veltri, mechanical engineer and Connecticut state legislator; was born in Huntington

• Ryan Vesce, player for the San Jose Sharks in the NHL, grew up in Lloyd Harbor, adjacent to Cold Spring Harbor, and attended Cold Spring Harbor High School

• Wesley Walker, former Jets wide receiver

• James D. Watson, Nobel Prize winner, co-discoverer of the structure of DNA, and former Chancellor of the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

• Jim Wetherbee (born 1952), astronaut

• Meg Whitman, CEO of eBay and 2010 California gubernatorial candidate; grew up in Lloyd Harbor, adjacent to Cold Spring Harbor, and attended Cold Spring Harbor High School, graduating in 1973

• Walt Whitman, poet

• Judd Winick, writer/artist from MTV's The Real World San Francisco (former)

Villages (incorporated)

 * Asharoken
 * Huntington Bay
 * Lloyd Harbor
 * Northport

Hamlets (unincorporated)

 * Centerport
 * Cold Spring Harbor
 * Commack (partly, with the Town of Smithtown)
 * Dix Hills
 * East Northport
 * Eatons Neck
 * Elwood
 * Fort Salonga (partly, with the Town of Smithtown)
 * Greenlawn
 * Halesite
 * Huntington
 * Huntington Station
 * Melville
 * South Huntington
 * Vernon Valley
 * West Hills
 * Wincoma

Railroad lines
The Long Island Rail Road's Port Jefferson Branch serves the town's vicinity, and uses stations between Cold Spring Harbor through Northport. Huntington is the eastern terminus of electrification along the Port Jefferson Branch.

Bus service
The Town of Huntington is served primarily by Huntington Area Rapid Transit bus routes, though some routes from Suffolk County Transit also serve the town.

Major roads

 * [[Image:I-495.svg|24px]] Interstate 495 is the Long Island Expressway, and the sole interstate highway in the Town of Huntington, with interchanges from part of Exit 48 in West Hills on the Nassau-Suffolk County Line to Exit 52 in Commack.
 * Northern Pkwy Shield.svg Northern State Parkway was the sole limited-access highway in the Town of Huntington until the construction of the Long Island Expressway. It has interchanges from Exit 39 in West Hills east of the Nassau-Suffolk County Line to Exit 43 in Commack on the Huntington-Smithtown Town Line.
 * NY-25A.svg New York State Route 25A, the northernmost west–east state highway on Long Island including the Town of Huntington. It enters the town from Laurel Hollow in Nassau County, running through historic Cold Spring Harbor, then downtown Huntington, later Centerport, Northport, and Fort Salonga where it crosses the Huntington-Smithtown Town Line.
 * NY-25.svg New York State Route 25, the parent route of NY 25A, which also runs west to east along Jericho Turnpike. It enters the town at West Hills from Woodbury, passes through South Huntington, Elwood, and Commack, where it crosses the Huntington-Smithtown Town Line.
 * Old Country Road, an extension of a principal west–east thoroughfare in Central Nassau County. It enters Suffolk County in a hidden overlap with Round Swamp Road at Exit 48 on I-495, then branches off to the northeast as it passes through West Hills, Melville, Dix Hills and South Huntington. Unlike in Nassau County, the road has no designation.
 * NY-108.svg New York State Route 108, is the westernmost south–north state route in Suffolk County. It runs from Suffolk CR 11 at Cold Spring Harbor's LIRR station to NY 25A running along the edge of the Nassau County Line.
 * NY-110.svg New York State Route 110, is a major south–north highway in Suffolk County. It enters the town from East Farmingdale near the State University of New York at Farmingdale, and runs through Melville, then South Huntington, Huntington Station, Downtown Huntington, and serves as the main road in Halesite, before finally terminating at Youngs Hill Road, where it becomes the undesignated East Shore Road.
 * NY-231.svg New York State Route 231, has been entirely a four-lane divided highway throughout its existence. It enters the town from Deer Park in the Town of Babylon between Rutland and Kenmore Streets and runs through Dix Hills, where it has interchanges with I-495 and the Northern State Parkway. Immediately after the parkway, the route terminates at a fork in the road for Suffolk CRs 35 to the northwest and 66 to the northeast.
 * Suffolk County 2.svg County Route 2 is Straight Path, a southwest to northeast county road running from the Babylon Town Line through Wyandanch as the main road, ending at NY 231 in Dix Hills.
 * Suffolk County 3.svg County Route 3 is a south to north county route known as Wellwood Avenue from north of East Farmingdale at the Babylon Town Line to Ruland Road (CR 5) where it becomes Pinelawn Road until it reaches NY 110 in Melville.
 * Suffolk County 11.svg County Route 11, includes Woodbury Road in Cold Spring Harbor, and Pulaski Road from Cold Spring Harbor through Fort Salonga.
 * Suffolk County 35.svg County Route 35
 * Suffolk County 67.svg County Route 67 includes the remaining drivable portion of the Long Island Motor Parkway.
 * Suffolk County 92.svg County Route 92 is the south-to-north route from Oakwood Road from NY 25 in West Hills, Huntington Manor, and Huntington, then turns east onto High Street to end at NY 110.

Self-serve gas
Huntington is the only township in the United States to ban self-service gas stations at the township level and among the few places in the U.S. where full-service gas stations are compulsory and no self-service is allowed; the entire state of New Jersey and the western-Mid Valley portion of Oregon are the only other places in the country with similar laws.

title: Huntington, New York


text:
Solar mass

The solar mass () is a standard unit of mass in astronomy, equal to approximately $1.988 kilogram$. It is approximately equal to the mass of the Sun. It is often used to indicate the masses of other stars, as well as stellar clusters, nebulae, galaxies and black holes. More precisely, the mass of the sun is

The solar mass is about $2 kg$ times the mass of Earth, or $333,000$ times the mass of Jupiter.

History of measurement
The value of the gravitational constant was first derived from measurements that were made by Henry Cavendish in 1798 with a torsion balance. The value he obtained differs by only 1% from the modern value, but was not as precise. The diurnal parallax of the Sun was accurately measured during the transits of Venus in 1761 and 1769, yielding a value of $1,047$ (9 arcseconds, compared to the present value of $9 arcsecond$). From the value of the diurnal parallax, one can determine the distance to the Sun from the geometry of Earth.

The first known estimate of the solar mass was by Isaac Newton. In his work Principia (1687), he estimated that the ratio of the mass of Earth to the Sun was about $8.794 arcsecond$. Later he determined that his value was based upon a faulty value for the solar parallax, which he had used to estimate the distance to the Sun. He corrected his estimated ratio to $1/undefined$ in the third edition of the Principia. The current value for the solar parallax is smaller still, yielding an estimated mass ratio of $1/undefined$.

As a unit of measurement, the solar mass came into use before the AU and the gravitational constant were precisely measured. This is because the relative mass of another planet in the Solar System or the combined mass of two binary stars can be calculated in units of Solar mass directly from the orbital radius and orbital period of the planet or stars using Kepler's third law.

Calculation
The mass of the Sun cannot be measured directly, and is instead calculated from other measurable factors, using the equation for the orbital period of a small body orbiting a central mass. Based on the length of the year, the distance from Earth to the Sun (an astronomical unit or AU), and the gravitational constant ($= 1.988 kilogram$), the mass of the Sun is given by solving Kepler's third law: $$M_\odot = \frac{4 \pi^2 \times (1\,\mathrm{AU})^3}{G \times (1\,\mathrm{yr})^2}$$

The value of G is difficult to measure and is only known with limited accuracy (see Cavendish experiment). The value of G times the mass of an object, called the standard gravitational parameter, is known for the Sun and several planets to a much higher accuracy than G alone. As a result, the solar mass is used as the standard mass in the astronomical system of units.

Variation
The Sun is losing mass because of fusion reactions occurring within its core, leading to the emission of electromagnetic energy, neutrinos and by the ejection of matter with the solar wind. It is expelling about /year. The mass loss rate will increase when the Sun enters the red giant stage, climbing to /year when it reaches the tip of the red-giant branch. This will rise to /year on the asymptotic giant branch, before peaking at a rate of 10−5 to 10−4 /year as the Sun generates a planetary nebula. By the time the Sun becomes a degenerate white dwarf, it will have lost 46% of its starting mass.

The mass of the Sun has been decreasing since the time it formed. This occurs through two processes in nearly equal amounts. First, in the Sun's core, hydrogen is converted into helium through nuclear fusion, in particular the p–p chain, and this reaction converts some mass into energy in the form of gamma ray photons. Most of this energy eventually radiates away from the Sun. Second, high-energy protons and electrons in the atmosphere of the Sun are ejected directly into outer space as the solar wind and coronal mass ejections.

The original mass of the Sun at the time it reached the main sequence remains uncertain. The early Sun had much higher mass-loss rates than at present, and it may have lost anywhere from 1–7% of its natal mass over the course of its main-sequence lifetime.

Related units
One solar mass,, can be converted to related units:
 * $G$ (Lunar mass)
 * $27,068,510 M_{L}$ (Earth mass)
 * $332,946$ (Jupiter mass)

It is also frequently useful in general relativity to express mass in units of length or time.
 * $1,047.35$ (half the Schwarzschild radius of the Sun)

The solar mass parameter (G·), as listed by the IAU Division I Working Group, has the following estimates:
 * $1/undefined$ (TCG-compatible)
 * $2$ (TDB-compatible)

title: Solar mass


text:
User talk:Fro~enwiki

Welcome to Wikipedia, Fro! We don't have a lot of heavy metal fans here, so your input will help fill in some holes in our coverage. If you have any questions, just consult Help and the FAQs, or ask a question at the Village pump. Cheers! -- Stephen Gilbert 00:43 Jan 23, 2003 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Fro. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Fro~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:57, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 13:02, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Fro~enwiki


text:
Use–mention distinction

In analytic philosophy, a fundamental distinction is made between the use of a term and the mere mention of it. Many philosophical works have been "vitiated by a failure to distinguish use and mention". The distinction can sometimes be pedantic, especially in simple cases where it is obvious.

The distinction between use and mention can be illustrated with the word "cheese":
 * 1) Cheese is derived from milk.
 * 2) "Cheese" is derived from the Old English word ċēse.

The first sentence is a statement about the substance called "cheese": it the word "cheese" to refer to that substance. The second is a statement about the word "cheese" as a signifier: it the word without using it to refer to anything other than itself.

Grammar
In written language, mentioned words or phrases often appear between single or double quotation marks (as in "The name 'Chicago' contains three vowels") or in italics (as in "When I say honey, I mean the sweet stuff that bees make"). In philosophy, single quotation marks are typically used, while in other fields (such as linguistics) italics are much more common. Style authorities such as Strunk and White insist that mentioned words or phrases must always be made visually distinct in this manner. On the other hand, used words or phrases (much more common than mentioned ones) do not bear any typographic markings. In spoken language, or in absence of the use of stylistic cues such as quotation marks or italics in written language, the audience must identify mentioned words or phrases through semantic, pragmatic, and prosodic cues.

If quotation marks are used, it is sometimes customary to distinguish between the quotation marks used for speech and those used for mentioned words, with double quotes in one place and single in the other:
 * When Larry said, "That has three letters", he was referring to the word 'bee'.
 * With reference to 'bumbershoot', Peter explained that "The term refers to an umbrella".

A few authorities recommend against using different types of quotation marks for speech and mentioned words and recommend one style of quotation mark to be used for both purposes.

In philosophy
The general phenomenon of a term's having different references in different contexts was called suppositio (substitution) by medieval logicians. It describes how one has to substitute a term in a sentence based on its meaning—that is, based on the term's referent. In general, a term can be used in several ways. For nouns, they are the following:
 * Properly with a concrete and real referent: "That is my pig" (assuming it exists). (personal supposition)
 * Properly with a concrete but unreal referent: "Santa Claus's pig is very big." (also personal supposition)
 * Properly with a generic referent: "Any pig breathes air." (simple supposition)
 * Improperly by way of metaphor: "Your grandfather is a pig". (improper supposition)
 * As a pure term: " 'Pig' has only three letters". (material supposition)

The last sentence contains a mention example.

The use–mention distinction is especially important in analytic philosophy. Failure to properly distinguish use from mention can produce false, misleading, or meaningless statements or category errors. For example, the following sentences correctly distinguish between use and mention:
 * "Copper" contains six letters, and is not a metal.
 * Copper is a metal, and contains no letters.

The first sentence, a mention example, is a statement about the word "copper" and not the chemical element. The word is composed of six letters, but does not contain any kind of metal or other tangible thing. The second sentence, a use example, is a statement about the chemical element copper and not the word itself. The element is composed of 29 electrons and protons and a number of neutrons, but not any letters.

Stanisław Leśniewski was perhaps the first to make widespread use of this distinction and the fallacy that arises from overlooking it, seeing it all around in analytic philosophy of the time, for example in Russell and Whitehead's Principia Mathematica. At the logical level, a use–mention mistake occurs when two heterogeneous levels of meaning or context are confused inadvertently.

Donald Davidson told that in his student years, "quotation was usually introduced as a somewhat shady device, and the introduction was accompanied by a stern sermon on the sin of confusing the use and mention of expressions." He presented a class of sentences like "Quine said that 'quotation has a certain anomalous feature.'" which both use the meaning of the quoted words to complete the sentence, and mention them as they are attributed to W. V. Quine, to argue against his teachers' hard distinction. He said that quotations could not be analyzed as simple expressions that mention their content by means of naming it or describing its parts, as sentences like the above would lose their exact, twofold meaning.

Self-referential statements mention themselves or their components, often producing logical paradoxes, such as Quine's paradox. A mathematical analogy of self-referential statements lies at the core of Gödel's incompleteness theorem (diagonal lemma). There are many examples of self-reference and use–mention distinction in the works of Douglas Hofstadter, who makes the distinction thus:

"When a word is used to refer to something, it is said to be being used. When a word is quoted, though, so that someone is examining it for its surface aspects (typographical, phonetic, etc.), it is said to be being mentioned."

Although the standard notation for mentioning a term in philosophy and logic is to put the term in quotation marks, issues arise when the mention is itself of a mention. Notating using italics might require a potentially infinite number of typefaces, while putting quotation marks within quotation marks may lead to ambiguity.

Criticism
Some analytic philosophers have said the distinction "may seem rather pedantic".

In a 1977 response to analytic philosopher John Searle, Jacques Derrida mentioned the distinction as "rather laborious and problematical".

title: Use–mention distinction


text:
Triumph

The Roman triumph (Latin triumphus) was a celebration for a victorious military commander in ancient Rome. For later imitations, in life or in art, see Trionfo. Numerous later uses of the term, up to the present, are derived directly or indirectly from the Roman one.

Triumph may refer to:

Geography

 * Triumph, Idaho
 * Triumph, Illinois
 * Triumph, Louisiana
 * Triumph Township, Custer County, Nebraska
 * Triumph Township, Pennsylvania
 * Triumph, Guyana

Business

 * Triumph (TWN), a defunct German motorcycle manufacturer
 * Triumph Cycle Co. Ltd., a British bicycle brand
 * Triumph Engineering Co Ltd, a defunct British motorcycle manufacturer
 * Triumph Group, an aerospace manufacturing and repair company
 * Triumph Hotels, an American collection of hotels
 * Triumph International, a worldwide underwear manufacturer
 * Triumph Motor Company, a British car manufacturer
 * Triumph Motorcycles Ltd, a current British motorcycle manufacturer
 * Norton Villiers Triumph, a defunct British motorcycle manufacturer

Books

 * Triumph (magazine), a defunct Catholic publication
 * Triumph (Nigeria), a Nigerian English language newspaper
 * Triumph (comics), a former Justice League member
 * Triumph (novel), 1993 alternate history novel by Ben Bova set at the end of World War II

Film and TV

 * Triumph Studios, a computer game development company based in the Netherlands
 * Triumph Films, a division of Sony Pictures Entertainment
 * Triumph (1917 film), a 1917 film starring Lon Chaney, Sr.
 * Triumph (1924 film), a 1924 film directed by Cecil B. DeMille
 * Triumph (2021 film), a 2021 film directed by Brett Leonard
 * Triumph (upcoming film), an upcoming film directed by Kristina Grozeva and Petar Valchanov
 * Triumph of the Will, 1935 Nazi propaganda film
 * Triumph the Insult Comic Dog, a character from the television show Late Night with Conan O'Brien
 * Triumph (Rome), a 2005 episode of the television series Rome

Music

 * Triumph (band), a Canadian hard rock band

Albums

 * Triumph (Triumph album), their 1976 eponymous first album
 * Triumph, alternative (UK) title of Triumph's second (first international) album Rock and Roll Machine
 * Triumph (The Jacksons album), 1980
 * Triumph (Philip Bailey album), 1986
 * Triumph (Circle (Finnish band) album), 2008
 * Triumph (Lorna Shore EP), 2010

Songs

 * "Triumph" (song), a 1997 rap single by the Wu-Tang Clan
 * "Triumph", a song by XXXTentacion from the 2019 album Bad Vibes Forever

Transport

 * Triumph automobiles: Triumph TR3, Triumph TR4, Triumph TR6, and Triumph TR7
 * Carnival Triumph, a cruise ship
 * MS Triumph, a ferry owned by Seatruck Ferries
 * Triumph (sternwheeler), a sternwheel steamboat that ran on the Nooksack River in the 1890s
 * HMS Triumph
 * USS Triumph (disambiguation)
 * USNS Triumph (T-AGOS-4)

Other

 * a scuppernong (large muscadine Vitis rotundifolia) cultivar
 * Triomphe, a trick-taking 15th century card game
 * BC Triumph Lyubertsy, a Russian basketball team

title: Triumph


text:
User talk:Sigg3.net

Is noone spelled "noone" or "no one"?
 * Hi sigg3. It's "no one", two words. -- Stephen Gilbert
 * Thanks, mate.

Good day, Sigg3.net. I am sending this message to inform you about the redirection from Zen Buddhism to Zen. You may choose to update the link on your user page. Be well. Usedbook 16:12 22 May 2003 (UTC)

 * Thanks, mate.

Thank you for your response. I was mostly interested in whether you'd seen either of the films and what you could share with us about their scope, content, and production values. But I've recused myself from the whole matter at this point anyway.

I do not seek out any sort of public life, and certainly don't want an article about me on the Wiki. I have a web site but use it to share information of niche subjects of interest to me, and not as a vanity site. I'm not an artist, never have been, wouldn't want to be. So I doubt jealousy is the motive you think it is. My main reason for getting involved in the matter to begin with is that there are tens of thousands of more deserving, more influential, more accomplished artists who are still too obscure to have proper articles written about them here. The career potter near my home, for one, who has spent a lifetime making vases and cups and plates, of stoneware and of porcelean, with an earthy style uniquely his own. He is unknown outside the local area because he is a recluse and is more interested in his work than its promotion. A local sculptor who teaches and has a large bronze statue on public display in a park. The capable but lesser known painter from the 1960s who made a painting that hangs over my desk. A whole brigade of Midwestern impressionists, who lagged the popularity of the movement and therefore are of only regional interest despite the visual appeal of their works. We'll never, *never* do these topics justice and it is an affront to the accomplishments of these serious, lifetime artists to include, frankly, autobiographical puff pieces. Kat 18:03, 2 Aug 2003 (UTC)
 * Everything is done according to vanity's rules. We are all self-loving creatures. Check out the "Psychoanalysis" by Sigmund Freud:) As for artists that never promote themselves; I played in a band called Crescent (devoted.to/grunge), and we were anti-commercial, still serious about what we were doing. Heck, we produced 2 fine albums! Only one of them was released, however. We did not promote ourselves and that become our problem. We had to search for people to play for, you know pubs and the likes, because most of them hadn't heard about us. Cloroform (http://www.cloroform.com) is another serious band from Norway, and they promote themselves. Why? Because it's their living. Of course vanity has it's role here too, but when music is the one thing that puts food on your table, you've got to make sure people would want to listen to it. It's a part of being an artist. The non-self-promoting artists are either stupid or not artists. They are talented, gifted, etc. but doesn't see it as something extraordinary. They are. - Sigg3.net 13:45, 3 Aug 2003 (UTC)

I'm not quite sure why I should look at Talk:Quentin Tarantino. All I did to Quentin Tarantino was revert the subjective and unqualified insertion by an anon user. --snoyes 17:11, 30 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * Oh, I'm sorry. My fault. Please accept my apology - Sigg3.net 02:13, 1 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Anti-Semitism definition
Perilous ground to tread indeed. I just removed one thing that was hopelessly wrong, and stayed out of the subsequent editing. :) --snoyes 03:00, 9 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Semantics and whatnot
Hey, enjoyed the conversation on the Talk:Nihilism page. I was wondering if you've done much study in linguistics, cuz you seem to know your stuff, or at least have a pretty good head with it. If you're interested, I know of a couple linguistics/semantics articles that need some work in a big way. -Seth Mahoney 18:41, Jul 20, 2004 (UTC)

 * Here in Norway we've got two courses called examen philosophicum and examen facultatum which are required before entering higher-education at universities. The course is very short, but you get an introduction to the basic historical outline of philosophy and logics, not to mention linguistics (at least it's been so the last three or four years). I am in fact very interested in linguistics, but I do not by a long shot know my stuff I just follow the hunch. I'd be pleased if it was anything I could help you with concerning those articles, just pass me links and preferences (if such are required). - Sigg3.net 08:11, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * The topics I keep planning to do some work on but can't seem to get the time for are: semiotics, language development, semantics, pragmatics, Ferdinand de Saussure, sociolinguistics, and critical discourse analysis (there are more, but I'm gonna have to do some digging to find them). There's nothing especially wrong with any of them, they're just lacking content, so if there's any basic stuff you can think of that can be thrown in, you have time, and are interested, by all means, go for it.

 * That is so cool that you are required to take basic philosophy and linguistics courses, however short. I'm a firm believer that a lot of problems could be avoided here in the US if students were required to take even a term of an appropriate ethics class (like business ethics for business majors, medical ethics for medicine majors, etc.).  Not that it could be a cure-all, but its always good to get people thinking about things, especially ethics.  Anyhow, I won't take up all of your talk page with my rambling about the importance of philosophy, but keep up the good work!  -Seth Mahoney 07:10, Jul 23, 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree with you, but most of young, Norwegian students don't. It's considered old-fashioned and obsolete, and we will probably see it disappear as a course (unless you're digging into hardcore Scientific courses or Philosophy) in less than three years. Too bad, if you ask me. - Sigg3.net 18:06, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)

devoted.to/grunge
Hi. You've got this link on your user talk page. The devoted.to domain is about to get blacklisted, which will block edits to pages with these links. You can either disable the link by deleting the http:// in front of it, delete it or leave it where it is until you want to make other changes to your user talk page. For more info on why that domain's being blacklisted, see: meta:Talk:Spam blacklist. --A. B. (talk) 02:56, 15 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Fine, no problem. The band's pretty much dead anyway. -- Sigg3.net (talk) 17:24, 29 April 2008 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of ANCEP

The article ANCEP has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * "Arne Næss Centre of Ecology and Philosophy" has 14 Google hits

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

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Question about Zapffe
Hi Sigg3

I hope this works and you'll receive this message, but I was looking at this page about Zapffe https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk%3APeter_Wessel_Zapffe where a text called "Måke-egg" is recommended and seeing that you wrote the introduction I was wondering if you can tell me anything more about this? I'm having a hard time finding other references to this text... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A00:C440:11:D91:7842:F129:CFAE:BBA2 (talk) 17:43, 27 September 2018 (UTC)

Hi Chris, I saw your comment on my homepage (April 1st 2019), but I'll reply here too. It's been a while since I've read Zapffe, but I recall 2 texts (other than On the Tragedy) being very inspirational to me. Måke egg is one of them. I don't really remember it, but I would guess it is nostalgic. I will find it in my library, give it a read and get back to you:) Please allow some time - Sigg3.net (talk) 06:46, 1 April 2019 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Biosophy

The article Biosophy has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Vague, poorly defined school of thought/new religious movement that seems to have no relevance outside of it's own sphere, which has been inactive for decades. Only sources used are three very small and apparently Biosophy-related websites. One has been inactive since 2005, one was moved to a new URL in 2009 and was last updated at that URL in 2016, and one which has been inactive since 2020. A google search for 'biosophy' bring up this page, clones of it on other sites, the inactive websites previously mentioned, and an unrelated Greek health food brand. Additonally, the Wiki page of the philosopher claimed to have created Biosophy does not link to this page or even mention the term. This does not meet WP:NOTE, specifically because no independent sources exist."

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Nomination of The Prodigal Son (play) for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article The Prodigal Son (play) is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/The Prodigal Son (play) until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article until the discussion has finished. Moshe1022 (talk) 16:52, 3 December 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sigg3.net