text:
1913 in literature

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1913.

Events

 * January – Acmeist poetry, with roots back to 1909, is officially born as a reaction to Russian Futurism. Manifestos are printed in the journal Apollon by Nikolay Gumilyov and Sergey Gorodetsky, with illustrative works by both, and by Anna Akhmatova, Vladimir Narbut, and Osip Mandelstam — the last with "Hagia Sophia".
 * January 1 – The German National Library is founded in Leipzig.
 * January 8 – Harold Monro officially opens the Poetry Bookshop in London (opened for business November 1912), which becomes a noted international literary meeting-place.
 * January 24 – Franz Kafka stops working on his novel Amerika, which he never finishes.
 * March 24 – New Broadway theatre Palace Theatre opens at 1564 Broadway (at West 47th Street) in midtown Manhattan, New York City.
 * April 5 – Serialization of the adventures of Gaston Leroux's character Chéri-Bibi begins in Le Matin (France).
 * April – Bernhard Kellermann's novel Der Tunnel sells 100,000 copies in its first six months.
 * c. April – Humphrey S. Milford becomes publisher to the University of Oxford and head of the London operations of Oxford University Press, after the retirement of Henry Frowde.
 * September – F. Scott Fitzgerald enters Princeton University, where he meets Edmund Wilson and John Peale Bishop.
 * November 8 – Georg Büchner's play Woyzeck, unfinished on his death in 1837, receives its first performance at the Residenztheater, Munich.
 * November 13 – Marcel Proust's Swann's Way (Du côté de chez Swann), volume 1 of In Search of Lost Time (À la recherche du temps perdu), is published by Éditions Grasset in Paris at the author's expense.
 * December 21 – Arthur Wynne's "word-cross", the first crossword puzzle, appears in the New York World.
 * December 26 – Ambrose Bierce, an observer with Pancho Villa's army in the Mexican Revolution, sends his last known correspondence. He is never seen again.
 * unknown dates
 * Zaynab, by Husayn Haykal, is published; it is sometimes called the first modern Arabic novel.
 * Norbert von Hellingrath begins publishing his edition of Friedrich Hölderlin's complete works (Sämtliche Werke: historisch-kritische Ausgabe, the "Berliner Ausgabe"), restoring it to literary prominence.
 * Henri Stahl publishes excerpts from his novel Un român în lună ("A Romanian on the Moon", republished as a book in 1914), one of the earliest works of Romanian science fiction.

Fiction

 * Alain-Fournier – Le Grand Meaulnes
 * Maurice Barrès – The Sacred Hill
 * Andrei Bely – Petersburg (Петербургъ, Peterburg) - Serialization concludes in March 1914
 * Arnold Bennett – The Regent
 * E. F. Benson
 * Dodo's Daughter
 * Thorley Weir
 * The Weaker Vessel
 * Edmund Clerihew Bentley – Trent's Last Case
 * Algernon Blackwood – A Prisoner in Fairyland
 * Victor Bridges – Another Man's Shoes
 * Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić – The Brave Adventures of Lapitch (Čudnovate zgode šegrta Hlapića)
 * Mary Grant Bruce – Norah of Billabong
 * John Buchan – The Power-House (serialization)
 * Edgar Rice Burroughs – The Return of Tarzan
 * Hall Caine – The Woman Thou Gavest Me
 * Ethel Carnie – Miss Nobody
 * Willa Cather – O Pioneers!
 * Joseph Conrad – Chance (book publication)
 * Miguel de Unamuno – El espejo de la muerte (The Mirror of Death, stories)
 * Grazia Deledda – Canne al vento (Reeds in the Wind)
 * Ethel M. Dell – The Knave of Diamonds
 * Arthur Conan Doyle – The Poison Belt
 * Roger Martin du Gard – Jean Barois
 * Edna Ferber – Roast Beef, Medium
 * Ellen Glasgow – Virginia
 * Elinor Glyn
 * The Sequence
 * The Contrast and Other Stories
 * Frances Nimmo Greene — The Right of the Strongest
 * Knut Hamsun – Børn av Tiden
 * Husayn Haykal – Zaynab
 * Franz Hessel – Der Kramladen des Glücks
 * Robert Hichens – The Way of Ambition
 * Henry James – A Small Boy and Others
 * Annie Fellows Johnston – Miss Santa Clause of the Pullman
 * Mary Johnston – Hagar
 * Bernhard Kellermann – Der Tunnel
 * Valery Larbaud – A. O. Barnabooth
 * D. H. Lawrence – Sons and Lovers
 * Gaston Leroux – The Secret of the Night
 * Jack London
 * The Valley of the Moon
 * The Abysmal Brute
 * Marie Belloc Lowndes
 * The End of Her Honeymoon
 * The Lodger
 * Arnold Lunn – The Harrovians
 * Compton Mackenzie – Sinister Street, vol. 1
 * Katherine Mansfield – "Millie" (short story)
 * Patricio Mariano – Ang Tala sa Panghulo (The Bright Star at Panghulo)
 * Flora Mayor – The Third Miss Symons
 * Oscar Micheaux – Conquest: The Story of a Negro Pioneer
 * Octave Mirbeau – Dingo
 * Lucy Maud Montgomery – The Golden Road
 * Mori Ōgai (森 鷗外) – The Wild Geese (雁, Gan, serialization concludes December)
 * E. Phillips Oppenheim – The Double Life of Mr. Alfred Burton
 * Baroness Orczy – Eldorado
 * Luigi Pirandello – I vecchi e i giovani (The Old and the Young, complete)
 * N. Porsenna – La judecata Zeilor (A Tribunal of Gods)
 * Marcel Proust – Swann's Way (Du côté de chez Swann, first part of À la Recherche du temps perdu)
 * Sax Rohmer – The Mystery of Dr. Fu-Manchu
 * Saki – When William Came
 * Ewald Gerhard Seeliger – Peter Voss, Thief of Millions
 * Gene Stratton-Porter – Laddie
 * Booth Tarkington – The Flirt
 * Vincent Cartwright Vickers – The Google Book
 * Edgar Wallace
 * The Fourth Plague
 * Grey Timothy
 * The River of Stars
 * Hugh Walpole – Fortitude
 * Mary Augusta Ward
 * The Coryston Family
 * The Mating of Lydia
 * Edith Wharton – The Custom of the Country
 * P. G. Wodehouse – The Little Nugget
 * Leonard Woolf – The Village in the Jungle
 * Francis Brett Young – Undergrowth

Children and young people

 * L. Frank Baum
 * The Patchwork Girl of Oz
 * Little Wizard Stories of Oz
 * Aunt Jane's Nieces on the Ranch (as Edith Van Dyne)
 * Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić – The Brave Adventures of Lapitch (Čudnovate zgode šegrta Hlapića)
 * Gertrude Minnie Faulding – Fairies
 * Ferenc Móra – Csilicsali Csalavári Csalavér (nonsense title, about a wolf family)
 * E. Nesbit – Wet Magic
 * Eleanor H. Porter – Pollyanna
 * Beatrix Potter – The Tale of Pigling Bland
 * Else Ury – Nesthäkchen and Her Dolls (Nesthäkchen und ihre Puppen)

Drama

 * Franz Arnold and Ernst Bach – The Spanish Fly (Die spanische Fliege)
 * Jacinto Benavente – The Unloved Woman (La malquerida)
 * Arnold Bennett – The Great Adventure
 * George A. Birmingham – General John Regan
 * Montague Glass and Charles Klein – Potash and Perlmutter
 * A. de Herz
 * Păianjenul (The Spider)
 * Bunicul (Grandfather)
 * Stanley Houghton
 * The Perfect Cure
 * Trust the People
 * Victor Ido – Karinda Adinda
 * D. H. Lawrence – The Daughter-in-Law (first performed 1967)
 * Oskar Luts – Kapsapea (The Cabbage)
 * Gregorio Martínez Sierra
 * Mamá (Mama)
 * Sólo para mujeres (For Women Only)
 * Vladimir Mayakovsky – Vladimir Mayakovsky («Владимир Маяковский»)
 * Edward Sheldon – Romance
 * Carl Sternheim – Bürger Schippel (Citizen Schippel)

Poetry

 * Delmira Agustini – Los Cálices Vacíos (Empty Chalices)
 * Guillaume Apollinaire – Alcools
 * James Elroy Flecker – The Golden Journey to Samarkand
 * Robert Frost – A Boy's Will
 * Osip Mandelstam – Hagia Sophia
 * Siegfried Sassoon – The Daffodil Murderer
 * Georg Trakl – Gedichte (Poems)

Non-fiction

 * Guillaume Apollinaire – The Cubist Painters, Aesthetic Meditations (Les Peintres Cubistes, Méditations Esthétiques)
 * Miguel de Unamuno – Del sentimiento trágico de la vida (The Tragic Sense of Life)
 * Sigmund Freud – Totem und Tabu
 * Maxim Gorky – My Childhood (Детство)
 * Élie Halévy – Histoire du peuple anglais au XIXe siècle (vol. 1)
 * Holbrook Jackson – The Eighteen Nineties
 * Walter Lippmann – A Preface to Politics
 * Luigi Russolo – The Art of Noises (L'arte dei rumori, Futurist manifesto)
 * Rosa Luxemburg – Die Akkumulation des Kapitals (The Accumulation of Capital, 1951)
 * Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell – Principia Mathematica (completed)
 * Basil Williams – The Life of William Pitt, Earl of Chatham

Births

 * January 23 – Joan Adeney Easdale, English poet (died 1998)
 * January 29 – Peter von Zahn, German journalist and writer (died 2001)
 * February 2 – Racey Helps, English children's writer and illustrator (died 1970)
 * February 26 – George Barker, British poet (died 1991)
 * February 27
 * T. B. Ilangaratne, Sri Lankan author, dramatist, actor and politician (died 1992)
 * Irwin Shaw, American playwright, screenwriter and novelist (died 1984)
 * March 2 – Godfried Bomans, Dutch writer (died 1971)
 * April 18 – Muttathu Varkey, Malayalam novelist, short story writer, and poet (died 1989)
 * June 22 – Sándor Weöres, Hungarian poet and author (died 1989)
 * June 26 – Aimé Césaire, Martinique writer (died 2008)
 * July 6 – Gwyn Thomas, Welsh novelist (died 1981)
 * July 21 – Catherine Storr, English children's writer (died 2001)
 * August 11 – Angus Wilson, English novelist (died 1991)
 * August 28 – Robertson Davies, Canadian novelist (died 1995)
 * October 19 – Vasco Pratolini, Italian writer (died 1991)
 * November 7 – Albert Camus, French writer (died 1960)
 * November 10 – Karl Shapiro, American poet (died 2000)
 * December 26 – Elizabeth David (née Gwynne), English cookery writer (died 1992)
 * December 27 – Elizabeth Smart, Canadian poet and novelist (died 1986)

Deaths

 * January 21 – Aluísio Azevedo, Brazilian novelist, playwright and short story writer (born 1857)
 * February 9 – Oscar Méténier, French novelist and dramatist (born 1859)
 * February 13 – Charles Major, American novelist (born 1856)
 * March 7 – Pauline Johnson, Canadian poet (born 1861)
 * March 13
 * Thomas Krag, Norwegian novelist, dramatist and short story writer (born 1868)
 * Jane Marsh Parker, American novelist and religious writer (born 1836)
 * April 4 – Edward Dowden, Irish critic and poet (born 1843)
 * May 8 – Charlotte Louisa Hawkins Dempster, Scottish novelist and essayist (born 1835)
 * June 2 – Alfred Austin, English poet and Poet Laureate (born 1835)
 * June 13 – Camille Lemonnier, Belgian poet and journalist (born 1844)
 * July 8 – Louis Hémon, French novelist (rail accident, born 1880)
 * July 16 — Esther Saville Allen, American author (b. 1837)
 * October 9 – D. Iacobescu, Romanian poet (born 1893)
 * October 19 – Emily Lawless, Irish-born modernist novelist and poet (born 1845)
 * November 26 – Frances Julia Wedgwood, English feminist novelist, biographer and critic (born 1833)
 * December 1 – Juhan Liiv, Estonian poet and short story writer (born 1864)
 * December 5 – Ferdinand Dugué, French poet and playwright (born 1816)
 * December 11 – Ioan Kalinderu, Romanian classical scholar, jurist and agriculturalist (born 1840)

Awards

 * Nobel Prize for Literature: Rabindranath Tagore
 * Newdigate prize: Maurice Roy Ridley

title: 1913 in literature


text:
1912 in literature

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1912.

Events

 * January 5 (December 23, 1911 O.S.) – Konstantin Stanislavski and Edward Gordon Craig's seminal symbolist Moscow Art Theater production of Hamlet opens.
 * January 21 – Joseph Conrad achieves his first popular success as the New York Herald begins serializing his novel Chance. He broke off with it in 1906, but sold the rights to the unfinished work in June 1911. Conrad continues to work on the book, while the first chapters appear weekly in the Herald. He completes it on March 26.
 * March 3 – Frieda Weekley meets D. H. Lawrence in Nottingham.
 * April 14–15 – The ocean liner RMS Titanic strikes an iceberg and sinks on her maiden voyage from the United Kingdom to the United States. American mystery writer Jacques Futrelle, English journalist and publisher William Thomas Stead and American bibliophile Harry Elkins Widener are among over 1500 dead. A copy of the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam in a jeweled binding by Sangorski & Sutcliffe (1911) is also lost. The event leads to a flood of poems, including Thomas Hardy's "The Convergence of the Twain".
 * May – Following the death of Lie Kim Hok from typhus in Batavia, Dutch East Indies, aged 58, Lauw Giok Lan takes on the work of completing his translations from the Dutch of Hugo Hartmann's Dolores, de Verkochte Vrouw into Sundanese as Prampoean jang Terdjoewal and of Geneviève de Vadans as De Juffrouw van Gezelschap.
 * June – Under the name I. G. Ofir, the Romanian poet Benjamin Fondane makes his publishing debut in the Iași magazine Floare Albastră, put out by A. L. Zissu.
 * August 10 – Virginia Stephen marries Leonard Woolf at St Pancras Town Hall in London. They honeymoon in Provence, Spain and Italy before returning.
 * September 21 – Harley Granville-Barker's production of Shakespeare's The Winter's Tale opens at the Savoy Theatre, London, with simplified scenery, ensemble acting and naturalistic verse-speaking.  It is replaced in November by his production of Twelfth Night.
 * October
 * Edgar Rice Burroughs' character Tarzan (Viscount Greystoke, raised as a feral child by the fictional Mangani great apes) first appears in Tarzan of the Apes in the American pulp magazine The All-Story.
 * Sax Rohmer's character Fu Manchu (a "Yellow Peril" master criminal) first appears in "The Zayat Kiss" in the English pulp magazine Story-Teller, as the first installment of The Mystery of Dr. Fu-Manchu.
 * October 12 – Arthur Schnitzler's play La Ronde (Reigen, 1900) is first performed (without the author's consent), in Budapest. It is also first translated into French this year.
 * October 25 – The first issue of Simbolul is put out in Bucharest by Marcel Janco, Tristan Tzara and Ion Vinea.
 * December? (or at latest January 1913) – A Slap in the Face of Public Taste (Пощёчина общественному вкусу), the seminal text of Russian Futurism, is published as a manifesto and a poetry almanac. Edited and written by David Burliuk, Viktor Khlebnikov, Aleksei Kruchenykh and Vladimir Mayakovsky, it attacks the tradition of Russian Symbolism, notably works by Leonid Andreyev, Konstantin Balmont, Alexander Blok and Ivan Bunin, and ridicules independents such as Maxim Gorky.
 * unknown dates
 * The texts of 13 Sanskrit dramas, perhaps from the first centuries BCE and probably by Bhāsa (including the Svapnavasavadattam), are found by the scholar T. Ganapati Sastri in a palm-leaf codex in Kerala.
 * Publication of the Loeb Classical Library, parallel text editions of the classics begins at the London publisher Heinemann.

Fiction

 * Mary Antin – The Promised Land
 * Arnold Bennett – The Matador of the Five Towns
 * E. F. Benson –  Mrs. Ames
 * Rhoda Broughton – Between Two Stools
 * Mary Grant Bruce – Mates at Billabong
 * Ivan Bunin – Dry Valley (Суходол, Sukhodo'l)
 * Willa Cather – Alexander's Bridge
 * J. Storer Clouston – The Mystery of Number 47
 * Joseph Conrad – The Secret Sharer
 * Grazia Deledda – Colombi e sparvieri (Pumpkins and Sparrows)
 * Ethel M. Dell – The Way of an Eagle
 * Sir Arthur Conan Doyle – The Lost World
 * Theodore Dreiser – The Financier
 * Lord Dunsany – The Book of Wonder (short stories)
 * Edna Ferber – Buttered Side Down
 * Anatole France – Les Dieux ont soif
 * R. Austin Freeman
 * The Mystery of 31 New Inn
 * The Singing Bone
 * Kahlil Gibran – The Broken Wings (Al-Ajniha al-Mutakassira)
 * Elinor Glyn
 * Halcyone
 * Love Itself
 * The Reasons Why
 * Sarah Grand – Adam's Orchard
 * Zane Grey – Riders of the Purple Sage
 * Knut Hamsun – The Last Joy (Den sidste Glæde)
 * Gerhart Hauptmann – Atlantis
 * Felix Hollaender – The Oath of Stephan Huller
 * Annie Fellows Johnston – Mary Ware's Promised Land
 * James Weldon Johnson – The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man
 * Franz Kafka
 * Contemplation (Betrachtung, short story collection, dated 1913)
 * The Judgement (Das Urteil)
 * Ada Leverson – Tenterhooks
 * D. H. Lawrence – The Trespasser
 * Stephen Leacock – Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town
 * Sinclair Lewis (as Tom Graham) – Hike and the Aeroplane
 * Julijonas Lindė-Dobilas – Blūdas; arba Lietuva buvusios Rusijos revoliucijos mete (Rampage)
 * Marie Belloc Lowndes – The Chink in the Armour
 * Oskar Luts – Kevade (Spring; part I)
 * John MacCormick – Dùn Aluinn (in book form)
 * Compton Mackenzie – Carnival
 * Thomas Mann – Death in Venice (Der Tod in Venedig)
 * Katherine Mansfield – "How Pearl Button Was Kidnapped" (short story)
 * Richard Barham Middleton – The Ghost Ship and Other Stories
 * E. Phillips Oppenheim
 * The Lighted Way
 * The Tempting of Tavernake
 * Baroness Orczy
 * The Traitor
 * The Good Patriots
 * Fire in Stubble
 * Meadowsweet
 * Eleanor H. Porter – Miss Billy's Decision
 * Forrest Reid – Following Darkness
 * Willie Riley – Windyridge
 * Saki – The Unbearable Bassington
 * Henryk Sienkiewicz – In Desert and Wilderness (W pustyni i w puszczy)
 * Hjalmar Söderberg – The Serious Game (Den allvarsamma leken)
 * James Stephens – The Crock of Gold
 * Sui Sin Far – Mrs. Spring Fragrance
 * Leo Tolstoy (died 1910) – Hadji Murat (Хаджи-Мурат)
 * Edgar Wallace – Private Selby
 * Hugh Walpole – The Prelude to Adventure
 * H. G. Wells – Marriage
 * Percy F. Westerman
 * Captured at Tripoli
 * The Flying Submarine
 * The Quest of the Golden Hope
 * The Sea Monarch
 * Edith Wharton – The Reef
 * P. G. Wodehouse – The Prince and Betty
 * Stefan Żeromski – The Faithful River (Wierna rzeka)

Children and young people

 * L. Frank Baum
 * Sky Island
 * Phoebe Daring
 * Aunt Jane's Nieces on Vacation (as Edith Van Dyne)
 * The Flying Girl and Her Chum (as Edith Van Dyne)
 * Waldemar Bonsels – Die Biene Maja und ihre Abenteuer (Maya the Bee and her Adventures)
 * Edgar Rice Burroughs
 * Tarzan of the Apes
 * A Princess of Mars
 * Howard R. Garis – Uncle Wiggily's Adventures
 * Jack London
 * A Son of the Sun
 * The Scarlet Plague
 * Lucy Maud Montgomery – Chronicles of Avonlea
 * E. Nesbit – The Magic World
 * Beatrix Potter – The Tale of Mr. Tod
 * Gerdt von Bassewitz – Little Peter's Journey to the Moon (Peterchens Mondfahrt) (as drama)
 * Jean Webster – Daddy-Long-Legs

Drama

 * Arnold Bennett – Milestones
 * Paul Claudel – L'Annonce faite à Marie (The Tidings Brought to Mary, first performed)
 * George Diamandy – Rațiunea de stat (The Reason of State)
 * Dietrich Eckart – adaptation of Henrik Ibsen's Peer Gynt
 * Louis Esson – The Time Is Not Yet Ripe
 * John Galsworthy – The Eldest Son
 * Hugo von Hofmannsthal – Everyman, adapted as Jedermann
 * Stanley Houghton – The Younger Generation
 * Georg Kaiser – From Morning to Midnight (Von Morgens bis Mitternachts) (written)
 * Heinrich Mann – Die grosse Liebe (The Great Love, published)
 * J. Hartley Manners – Peg o' My Heart
 * Louis N. Parker – Drake of England
 * Arthur Schnitzler – Professor Bernhardi
 * George Bernard Shaw – Pygmalion (published)
 * G. K. Sowerby – Rutherford and Son
 * Bayard Veiller – Within the Law
 * I. C. Vissarion – Lupii (The Wolves, written)
 * Frank Wedekind – Tod und Teufel (premieres in Berlin)

Poetry

 * Anna Akhmatova – Vecher (Evening)
 * Edwin James Brady
 * Bells and Hobbles
 * The King's Caravan
 * Georgian Poetry 1911–12
 * Pauline Johnson – Flint and Feather
 * Amy Lowell – A Dome of Many-Coloured Glass
 * Rabindranath Tagore (writer and translator) – Gitanjali (Song Offerings)

Non-fiction

 * Hilaire Belloc – The Servile State
 * Arnold Bennett – Those United States
 * Alexander Berkman – Prison Memoirs of an Anarchist
 * David Burliuk, Viktor Khlebnikov, Aleksei Kruchenykh, Vladimir Mayakovsky – A Slap in the Face of Public Taste (Пощёчина общественному вкусу)
 * Aleister Crowley – Magick (Book 4)
 * Albert Gleizes and Jean Metzinger – Du "Cubisme"
 * Henry H. Goddard – The Kallikak Family
 * Carl Jung – Psychology of the Unconscious (Wandlungen und Symbole der Libido)
 * Frigyes Karinthy – Így írtok ti (That's How You Write, literary parodies)
 * Pierre Loti – Un Pèlerin d'Angkor (A Pilgrimage to Angkor)
 * Donald Lowrie – My Life in Prison
 * Dumitru C. Moruzi – Pribegi în țară răpită
 * John Muir – The Yosemite
 * P. D. Ouspensky – Tertium Organum
 * Bertrand Russell – The Problems of Philosophy
 * Ernst Troeltsch –  Die Soziallehren der christlichen Kirchen und Gruppen (The Sociology of the Christian Churches and Groups)

Births

 * January 7 – Charles Addams, American cartoonist (died 1988)
 * January 15 – Celia Dale, English fiction writer and book reviewer (died 2011)
 * January 28 – Alison Adburgham (born Margaret Vere Alison Haig), English social historian and journalist (died 1997)
 * January 30 – Barbara Tuchman, American historian (died 1989)
 * February 10 – Ena Lamont Stewart, Scottish playwright (died 2006)
 * February 11 – Roy Fuller, English poet and novelist (died 1991)
 * February 12 – R. F. Delderfield, English novelist and playwright (died 1972)
 * February 15 – George Mikes, Hungarian-born English humorist (died 1987)
 * February 17 – Andre Norton, American sci-fi and fantasy author (died 2005)
 * February 20 – Pierre Boulle, French novelist (died 1994)
 * February 27 – Lawrence Durrell, English poet and novelist (died 1990)
 * March 7 – Dora Oake Russell, Newfoundland writer, diarist and journalist (died 1986)
 * March 12 – Kylie Tennant, Australian novelist, dramatist and historian (died 1988)
 * April 16 – Garth Williams, American children's writer and illustrator (died 1996)
 * April 24 – Marta Rădulescu, Romanian novelist and poet (died 1959)
 * May 3 – May Sarton, American writer (died 1995)
 * May 16 – Studs Terkel, American writer and broadcaster (died 2008)
 * May 20 – J. L. Carr, English novelist and publisher (died 1994)
 * May 27 – John Cheever, American writer (died 1982)
 * May 29 – Pamela Hansford Johnson, English poet, novelist and critic (died 1981)
 * June 20 – Anthony Buckeridge, English children's author (died 2004)
 * June 24 – Mary Wesley, English novelist (died 2002)
 * June 27 – E. R. Braithwaite, Guyanese-born novelist, teacher and diplomat (died 2016)
 * June 29 – John Toland, American Pulitzer Prize winning historian and biographer (died 2004)
 * July 3 – Elizabeth Taylor, English novelist (died 1975)
 * July 6 – Heinrich Harrer, Austrian explorer and author (died 2006)
 * July 14 – Northrop Frye, Canadian critic (died 1991)
 * July 17 – Michael Gilbert, English mystery and thriller novelist (died 2006)
 * August 4 – Virgilio Piñera, Cuban poet and short-story writer (died 1979)
 * August 10 – Jorge Amado, Brazilian writer (died 2001)
 * August 14 – Erwin Strittmatter, German writer (died 1994)
 * August 18 – Elsa Morante, Italian author (died 1985)
 * August 23 – Nelson Rodrigues, Brazilian author (died 1980)
 * c. September 5 – Sesto Pals, Romanian Israeli poet and philosopher (died 2002)
 * September 12 – J. F. Hendry, Scottish-born poet (died 1986)
 * September 24 – Ian Serraillier, English novelist and poet (died 1994)
 * October 31 – Oscar Dystel, American paperback publisher (died 2014)
 * November 8 – Monica Edwards, English children's author (died 1998)
 * November 12 – Donagh MacDonagh, Irish poet, playwright and judge (died 1968)
 * November 24 – Garson Kanin, American dramatist and screenwriter (died 1999)
 * November 25 – Francis Durbridge, English dramatist (died 1998)
 * November 26 – Eugène Ionesco, Romanian Absurdist playwright (died 1994)
 * December 4 – Ian Wallace, English science fiction writer (died 1998)

Deaths

 * January 7 – Sophia Jex-Blake, English medical writer and pioneer female physician (born 1840 in literature)
 * January 24 – James Allen, English self-help writer and poet (born 1864)
 * January 27 – Alexandre Bisson, French playwright, vaudeville creator, and novelist (born 1848)
 * January 28 – Gustave de Molinari, Belgian economist (born 1819)
 * February 1 – Florence Huntley, American journalist, editor, humorist, and occult author (born 1855)
 * February 2 – Annie Somers Gilchrist, American author (born 1841)
 * February 7 – Edward Wilmot Blyden, Liberian pan-Africanist and President of Liberia College (born 1832)
 * February 8 – Girish Chandra Ghosh, Bengali poet, playwright and novelist (born 1844)
 * March 1 – George Grossmith, English comic singer and writer (born 1847)
 * March 30 – Karl May, German novelist (born 1842)
 * April 6 – Giovanni Pascoli, Italian poet (born 1855)
 * April 10 – Gabriel Monod, French historian (born 1844)
 * April 15 – In the wreck of RMS Titanic
 * Jacques Futrelle, American author (born 1875)
 * William Thomas Stead, English journalist (born 1849)
 * April 20 – Bram Stoker, Irish novelist and theatre manager (born 1847)
 * May 5 – Rafael Pombo, Colombian mathematician and poet (born 1833)
 * May 6 – Lie Kim Hok, Chinese writer, teacher and translator (born 1853)
 * May 14 – August Strindberg, Swedish dramatist (born 1849)
 * May 19 – Bolesław Prus, Polish novelist (born 1847)
 * June 4 – Eliza Archard Conner, American writer (born 1838)
 * June 13 – Alice Diehl, English novelist and concert pianist (born 1844)
 * July 20 – Andrew Lang, Scottish poet, novelist and critic (born 1844)
 * July 24 – Addison Peale Russell, American essayist (born 1826)
 * August 13 – Horace Howard Furness, American Shakespeare scholar (born 1833)
 * August 29 – Theodor Gomperz, Austrian philosopher (born 1832)
 * September 5 – Bertha Jane Grundy, English novelist (born 1837)
 * September 9 – Berta Behrens, German novelist (born 1850)
 * October 21 – Robert Barr, Scottish Canadian short story writer and novelist (born 1849)
 * November 30 – Dharmavaram Ramakrishnamacharyulu, Telugu dramatist (born 1853)
 * December 9 – Louis de Gramont, French journalist, dramatist and librettist (born 1855)
 * December 19 – Mir Mosharraf Hossain, Bengali novelist, playwright and essayist (born 1847)
 * December 20 – Lucy Morris Chaffee Alden, American author, educator, and hymnwriter (born 1836)

Awards

 * Newdigate Prize: William Chase Greene, "Richard I Before Jerusalem"
 * Nobel Prize for Literature: Gerhart Hauptmann
 * Prix Goncourt: André Savignon, "Les filles de la pluie"

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 1912 in literature


text:
1911 in literature

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1911.

Events

 * January – The journal Ay Qap begins monthly publication in Arabic script in Troitsk, to promote modern Kazakh literature and progressive thought.
 * February–March – Antisemitic riots break out in Paris over the staging of Henri Bernstein's Après moi by the Comédie-Française, instigated by the far-right Action Française led by writer Charles Maurras, but in conjunction with the far-left Guerre Sociale.
 * March
 * Filippo Tommaso Marinetti in Paris plans a Futurist conference and publishes a manifesto, Le futurisme, at Sansot.
 * Publication in The Strand Magazine (London) of the P. G. Wodehouse short story "Absent Treatment" introducing the character Reggie Pepper, a prototype for Bertie Wooster.
 * March 29 – The 1911 New York State Capitol fire in Albany destroys 700,000 books and documents belonging to the New York State Library.
 * April – Hugo Gernsback begins to publish his pioneering science fiction novel Ralph 124C 41+ in the monthly U.S. magazine Modern Electrics.
 * c. April 8 – The English poet Lascelles Abercrombie and his family move near Dymock in rural Gloucestershire, as the first of the Dymock poets.
 * May 9 – The works of Gabriele D'Annunzio are placed in the Index of Forbidden Books by the Vatican.
 * May 31 – The French publishers Éditions Gallimard is founded in Paris by Gaston Gallimard as Les Éditions de la Nouvelle Revue Française (nrf). Its first publication is Paul Claudel's play L'Otage.
 * Summer – Jaroslav Hašek begins publishing stories of The Good Soldier Švejk (Dobrý voják Švejk) in the Prague newspaper Karikatura, edited by the illustrator Josef Lada.
 * September 7 – Wilhelm Apollinaris de Kostrowitzky, writing as "Guillaume Apollinaire", is suspected in the theft of the Mona Lisa from the Louvre museum in Paris on August 21 and imprisoned for six days. This year he publishes his first book of poetry, Le Bestiaire ou Cortège d'Orphée.
 * October 16 – The new building for the Mitchell Library opens in Glasgow.
 * October 17 – Rudolf Wilhelm Friedrich Ditzen, the later German novelist Hans Fallada, kills his best friend in a suicide pact staged as a duel.
 * November
 * The Kalem Company of New York agrees to pay the estate of author Lew Wallace $25,000 for having adapted Ben Hur (1907 film) from his novel without securing prior rights.
 * Virginia Stephen begins to share her brother Adrian Stephen's London house at 38 Brunswick Square with other members of the Bloomsbury Group: Leonard Woolf (her future husband), John Maynard Keynes and Duncan Grant.
 * December 16 – The U.K. Copyright Act consolidates copyright law in the British Empire and confirms the six libraries to which a copy of every book published in the U.K. must be deposited by the publisher: the British Museum Library (London); the Bodleian Library (Oxford); the Advocates Library (Edinburgh); the National Library of Wales (Aberystwyth); Trinity College Dublin; and Cambridge University Library.

Fiction

 * Pío Baroja
 * Las inquietudes de Shanti Andía
 * The Tree of Knowledge (El árbol de la ciencia)
 * Lima Barreto – Triste Fim de Policarpo Quaresma (The Sad End of Policarpo Quaresma)
 * Max Beerbohm – Zuleika Dobson
 * Hilaire Belloc – The Four Men: a Farrago
 * Arnold Bennett – The Card
 * J. D. Beresford – The Hampdenshire Wonder
 * Ambrose Bierce – The Devil's Dictionary
 * Algernon Blackwood – The Centaur
 * J. E. Casely-Hayford – Ethiopia Unbound
 * Katharine Hopkins Chapman - The Fusing Force
 * G. K. Chesterton – The Innocence of Father Brown
 * Hugh Clifford – The Downfall of the Gods
 * Joseph Conrad – Under Western Eyes
 * Marie Corelli – Life Everlasting
 * Warwick Deeping - Fox Farm
 * Penelope Delta – Paramythi Horis Onoma (A Tale Without a Name)
 * Theodore Dreiser – Jennie Gerhardt
 * W. E. B. Du Bois – The Quest of the Silver Fleece
 * Edna Ferber – Dawn O'Hara
 * Ford Madox Ford – Ladies Whose Bright Eyes
 * E. M. Forster – The Celestial Omnibus
 * R. Austin Freeman – The Eye of Osiris
 * Charlotte Perkins Gilman – Moving the Mountain
 * Anna Katharine Green – Initials Only
 * Ian Hay – A Safety Match
 * Robert Hichens – The Fruitful Vine
 * Violet Jacob – Flemington
 * Pauline Johnson – Legends of Vancouver
 * Mary Johnston – The Long Roll
 * Eduard von Keyserling – Wellen
 * Valery Larbaud – Fermina Márquez
 * D. H. Lawrence – The White Peacock
 * Stephen Leacock – Nonsense Novels
 * Gaston Leroux
 * Balaoo
 * The Phantom of the Opera (Le Fantôme de l'Opéra, book publication)
 * William John Locke — The Glory of Clementina Wing
 * Katherine Mansfield – In a German Pension (short stories)
 * John Masefield
 * Jim Davis; or, The Captive of Smugglers
 * The Street of Today
 * A. E. W. Mason – Miranda of the Balcony
 * E. Phillips Oppenheim – The Temptation of Tavernake
 * Mori Ōgai (森 鷗外) – The Wild Geese (雁, Gan, serialization begins)
 * Baroness Orczy – A True Woman
 * Forrest Reid – The Bracknels
 * Ameen Rihani – The Book of Khalid
 * Saki – The Chronicles of Clovis
 * Una Lucy Silberrad
 * The Affairs of John Bolsover
 * Sampson Rideout, Quaker
 * Preah Botumthera Som – Dik ram phka ram (The Dancing Water and the Dancing Flower)
 * Bram Stoker – The Lair of the White Worm
 * Gene Stratton-Porter – The Harvester
 * Kathleen Thompson Norris – Mother
 * Sigrid Undset – Jenny
 * Hugh Walpole – Mr. Perrin and Mr. Traill
 * Mary Augusta Ward – The Case of Richard Meynell
 * H. G. Wells – The New Machiavelli
 * Edith Wharton – Ethan Frome
 * Owen Wister – Padre Ignacio
 * Jerzy Żuławski – Stara Ziemia (The Old Earth), last of the Trylogia Księżycowa (Lunar Trilogy)

Children and young people

 * Victor Appleton - Tom Swift in the Caves of Ice
 * J. M. Barrie – Peter and Wendy (later editions Peter Pan and Wendy)
 * L. Frank Baum
 * The Sea Fairies
 * The Daring Twins
 * Aunt Jane's Nieces and Uncle John (as Edith Van Dyne)
 * The Flying Girl (as Edith Van Dyne)
 * Frances Hodgson Burnett – The Secret Garden
 * L. M. Montgomery – The Story Girl
 * Ferenc Móra – Mindenki Jánoskája (Johnny to Everyone)
 * Lucy Fitch Perkins – Dutch Twins (first in the Twins series)
 * Beatrix Potter – The Tale of Timmy Tiptoes
 * Jean Webster – Just Patty

Drama

 * Hugo Ball – Die Nase des Michelangelo. Tragikomödie in vier Auftritten
 * Tristan Bernard – The Little Cafe (Le petit café)
 * Hall Caine – The Quality of Mercy (Also known as The Unwritten Law; a new version of Jan the Icelander)
 * George Diamandy – Dolorosa
 * St. John Greer Ervine – Mixed Marriage
 * A. de Herz
 * Biruința (Victory)
 * Când ochii plâng (When Eyes Shed Tears)
 * Edward Knoblock – Kismet
 * Gregorio Martínez Sierra
 * Canción de cuna (Cradle Song)
 * Primavera en otoño (Spring in Autumn)
 * Charles McEvoy – All That Matters
 * [Mrs] Clifford Mills – Where the Rainbow Ends
 * Emma Orczy – The Duke's Wager
 * Louis N. Parker – Disraeli
 * Rainis – Indulis un Ārija (Indulis and Ārija)
 * Arthur Schnitzler – Das weite Land (The Vast Domain, The Distant Land, or Undiscovered Country)
 * George Bernard Shaw – Fanny's First Play
 * Karl Vollmöller – The Miracle (Das Mirakel)
 * Hugo von Hofmannsthal – Jedermann
 * W. B. Yeats – The Countess Cathleen (adapted for performance)

Poetry

 * Edwin James Brady – River Rovers
 * Else Lasker-Schüler – Meine Wunder
 * John Masefield – The Everlasting Mercy

Non-fiction

 * Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition.
 * Wassily Kandinsky – Über das Geistige in der Kunst (Concerning the Spiritual in Art; dated 1912)
 * Walter John Kilner – The Human Atmosphere
 * Jack London – The Cruise of the Snark
 * Filippo Tommaso Marinetti – Le futurisme
 * Robert Michels – Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy (Zur Soziologie des Parteiwesens in der modernen Demokratie; Untersuchungen über die oligarchischen Tendenzen des Gruppenlebens)
 * George Moore – Ave (part 1 of his three-volume autobiography, Hail and Farewell)
 * John Muir – My First Summer in the Sierra
 * R. Scott-Moncrieff (editor) – The Household Book of Lady Grisell Baillie, 1692–1733
 * C. T. Onions – A Shakespeare Glossary
 * Percy Simpson – Shakespearean Punctuation
 * Rudolf Steiner – Mystics of the Renaissance (English translation)
 * Evelyn Underhill – Mysticism: A Study of the Nature and Development of Man's Spiritual Consciousness
 * A. E. Waite
 * The Pictorial Key to the Tarot
 * The Secret Tradition in Freemasonry

Births

 * January 9 – Eva Alexanderson, Swedish novelist and translator (died 1994)
 * January 18 – José María Arguedas, Peruvian author (died 1969)
 * January 22 – Mary Hayley Bell, English dramatist (died 2005)
 * January 24
 * C. L. Moore, American science fiction author (died 1987)
 * L. Ron Hubbard, American science fiction writer, founder of Scientology (died 1986)
 * February 4 – Geoffrey Willans, English novelist and comic writer (died 1958)
 * February 8 – Elizabeth Bishop, American poet, Pulitzer Prize winner (died 1979)
 * February 17 – Margaret St. Clair, American science fiction writer (died 1995)
 * March 11 – Fitzroy Maclean, Scottish political writer and autobiographer (died 1996)
 * March 15 – Ursula Vaughan Williams, British poet, novelist and biographer (died 2007)
 * March 16 – Sybille Bedford, German-born English novelist and journalist (died 2006)
 * March 26 – Tennessee Williams, American playwright (died 1983)
 * April 8 – Emil Cioran, Romanian philosopher and essayist (died 1995)
 * April 19
 * Frank Barlow, English historian, (died 2009) )
 * Ursula Moray Williams, English children's writer (died 2006)
 * May 15 – Max Frisch, Swiss author (died 1991)
 * May 20 – Annie M. G. Schmidt, Dutch children's author (died 1995)
 * May 28 – Fritz Hochwälder, Austrian playwright (died 1986)
 * June 2 – Xiao Hong (Qiao Yin, 張廼瑩) Chinese author (died 1942)
 * June 15 - Wilbert Awdry, British Anglican reverend and children's author (died 1997)
 * June 6 – Verna Aardema (Verna Norberg), American children's author (died 2000)
 * June 30 – Czesław Miłosz, Lithuanian-born Polish author, Nobel Prize in Literature winner (died 2004)
 * July 17 – Yang Jiang, Chinese playwright, author, and translator (died 2016)
 * July 21 – Marshall McLuhan, Canadian media theorist (died 1980)
 * July 22 – George Ivașcu, Romanian journalist, literary critic, and communist militant (died 1988)
 * July 27 – Rayner Heppenstall, English novelist and poet (died 1981)
 * September 19 – William Golding, British novelist, playwright and poet, Nobel Prize in Literature winner (died 1993)
 * October 13 – Millosh Gjergj Nikolla, Albanian poet and writer (died 1938)
 * November 2 – Odysseas Elytis, Greek poet, Nobel Prize winner (died 1996)
 * November 19 – Mary Elizabeth Counselman, American author and poet (died 1995)
 * December 4 – Robert Payne, English author, poet and biographer (died 1983)
 * December 11 – Naguib Mahfouz, Egyptian novelist, Nobel Prize in literature winner (died 2006)
 * December 25 – Noel Langley, South African-born American screenwriter (died 1980)

Deaths

 * January 23 – David Graham Phillips, American journalist and novelist (murdered, born 1867)
 * February 25 – Friedrich Spielhagen, German novelist, literary theorist and translator (born 1829)
 * March 7 – Antonio Fogazzaro, Italian novelist (born 1842)
 * April 14 – George Cary Eggleston, American memoirist (born 1839)
 * April 25 – Emilio Salgari, Italian adventure novelist (suicide, born 1862)
 * April 30 – Stanisław Brzozowski, Polish philosopher, publicist and critic (tuberculosis, born 1878)
 * May 1 – Hannah Whitall Smith, American Quaker author (born 1832)
 * May 9 – Thomas Wentworth Higginson, American writer, abolitionist and advocate of women's suffrage (born 1823)
 * May 29 – W. S. Gilbert, English librettist, dramatist and comic poet (born 1836)
 * June 7 – Henry Abbey, American poet (born 1842)
 * June 10 – Adolf Wilbrandt, German novelist and dramatist (born 1837)
 * June 14 – Charlotte O'Conor Eccles, Irish-born London writer, translator and journalist (born 1863)
 * July 21 – Philippe Monnier, Swiss writer in French (born 1864)
 * September 4 – John Francon Williams, Welsh-born writer, historian, and cartographer (born 1854)
 * September 5 – Katherine Thurston, Irish novelist (born 1875)
 * September 9 – Francis March, American lexicographer and philologist (born 1825)
 * September 23 – John Arthur Barry, English author and journalist (born 1850)
 * October 6 – Martha D. Lincoln ("Bessie Beech"), American author and journalist (born 1838)
 * October 8 – Hesba Stretton (Sarah Smith), English children's writer (born 1832)
 * October 29 – Joseph Pulitzer, Hungarian-born American journalist and publisher (born 1847)
 * November 9 – Howard Pyle, American children's author (born 1853)
 * December 1 – Richard Barham Middleton, English poet and fiction writer (born 1882)
 * December 22 – Catharine H. T. Avery, American author, editor, and educator (born 1844)
 * December 13 – Henrietta Stannard, English novelist (writing as John Strange Winter, born 1856)
 * December 29 – Rosamund Marriott Watson, English poet (born 1860)

Awards

 * Newdigate Prize: Roger Heath, "Achilles"
 * Nobel Prize for Literature: Maurice Maeterlinck, Belgian poet, playwright, and essayist
 * Prix Goncourt: Alphonse de Châteaubriant, Monsieur des Lourdines

title: 1911 in literature


text:
1910 in literature

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1910.

Events

 * January 8 – Serialisation of Gaston Leroux's novel The Phantom of the Opera (Le Fantôme de l'Opéra) concludes in the Paris newspaper Le Gaulois.
 * January 30 – Uncle Wiggily Longears, a rheumatic rabbit created by Howard R. Garis, makes his debut in the Newark News (U.S.)
 * March – Lesotho author Thomas Mofolo completes his novel Chaka; he leaves Morija suddenly and it is not published until 1925.
 * March 18 – The first movie version of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1818) is released in the U.S. by Edison Studios. One of the first horror films, it features unbilled the actor Charles Ogle as the monster.
 * March 30 – William Johnston and Paul West's novel The Innocent Murderers is published in New York City, as the first work of academic crime fiction.
 * April 20 – Halley's comet reappears after 76 years, and Mark Twain dies at his home, Stormfield, the day after the comet's perihelion. In his autobiography, Twain wrote, "I came in with Halley's comet in 1835. It's coming again next year (1910), and I expect to go out with it. The Almighty has said no doubt, 'Now here are these two unaccountable freaks; they came in together, they must go out together.'"
 * August 11 – The Buenos Aires Convention is signed, providing for international recognition of copyright.
 * September – G. K. Chesterton's fictional detective Father Brown makes a first U.K. appearance in the short story "The Blue Cross" in the Story-Teller magazine (London), having previously appeared on June 23 in "Valentin Follows a Curious Trail" in The Saturday Evening Post (Philadelphia).
 * September 1 – Herbert Beerbohm Tree's elaborate revival of Shakespeare's Henry VIII opens in London. It will run for 254 consecutive performances.
 * October – Filippo Tommaso Marinetti's first novel Mafarka il futurista is cleared of obscenity charges.
 * Fall – Damon Runyon begins working as a journalist on The New York American.
 * November 20 – Russian novelist Leo Tolstoy dies of pneumonia aged 82 at Astapovo railway station, after a day's train journey south, fleeing from his home.
 * Ongoing – Boris Pasternak drops out of the Moscow Conservatory and begins to study law, moving on to study philosophy at the University of Marburg. He also falls in love with Olga Freidenberg.

Essay

 * Leonardo da Vinci:A memory of his childhood by Sigmund freud (published 1910)

Fiction

 * C. R. Ashbee – The Building of Thelema
 * Florence L. Barclay – The Mistress of Shenstone
 * Arnold Bennett – Clayhanger (first volume in the eponymous trilogy – actually four books)
 * Oskar Braaten – Kring fabrikken
 * Rhoda Broughton – The Devil and the Deep Sea
 * John Buchan – Prester John
 * Ivan Bunin – The Village (Деревня, Derévnya, originally published as Novelet (Повесть))
 * Gilbert Cannan – Devious Ways
 * Dikran Chökürian – Hayreni dzayner (Հայրենի Ձայներ)
 * Colette – La Vagabonde
 * William T. Cox – Fearsome Creatures of the Lumberwoods
 * Walter de la Mare – The Return
 * Grazia Deledda – Sino al confine (Until the border)
 * Jeffery Farnol – The Broad Highway
 * Douglas Morey Ford – The Raid of Dover: A Romance of the Reign of Woman: A.D. 1940
 * E. M. Forster – Howards End
 * Zane Grey – The Heritage of the Desert
 * Gerhart Hauptmann – Der Narr in Christo Emanuel Quint (The Fool in Christ, Emanuel Quint)
 * Hermann Hesse – Gertrud
 * Gaston Leroux – Un Homme dans la nuit
 * Hermann Löns – Der Wehrwolf
 * Lu Shi'e – Xin Zhongguo (新中國, New China)
 * Iain MacCormaic – Dùn Aluinn (serialization)
 * Thomas Mofolo – Pitseng
 * Natsume Sōseki (夏目 漱石) – The Gate (Mon 門)
 * Martin Andersen Nexø – Pelle the Conqueror (final volume)
 * E. Phillips Oppenheim – The Golden Web
 * Baroness Orczy
 * Lady Molly of Scotland Yard
 * Petticoat Government
 * John Oxenham – A Maid of the Silver Sea
 * Louis Pergaud – De Goupil à Margot (short stories)
 * Aleksey Remizov – The Indefatigable Cymbal
 * Rainer Maria Rilke – The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge (Die Aufzeichnungen des Malte Laurids Brigge)
 * J.-H. Rosny aîné – La Mort de la Terre
 * Fráňa Šrámek – Stříbrný vítr
 * Katherine Thurston – Max
 * Edgar Wallace – The Nine Bears
 * Mary Augusta Ward – Canadian Born
 * H. G. Wells
 * The History of Mr Polly
 * The New Machiavelli (serialization)
 * Elin Wägner – Pennskaftet
 * Jerzy Żuławski – Zwycięzca (The Conqueror), second of the Trylogia Księżycowa (Lunar Trilogy)

Children and young people

 * Victor Appleton – Tom Swift and His Motor Cycle
 * L. Frank Baum
 * The Emerald City of Oz
 * Aunt Jane's Nieces in Society (as Edith Van Dyne)
 * Thornton Burgess – Old Mother West Wind
 * Frances Hodgson Burnett – The Secret Garden
 * Grace James – Japanese Fairy Tales
 * Rudyard Kipling – Rewards and Fairies
 * Walter de la Mare – The Three Mulla Mulgars (also The Three Royal Monkeys)
 * John Masefield – A Book of Discoveries
 * Lucy Maud Montgomery – Kilmeny of the Orchard
 * E. Nesbit – The Magic City
 * Peter Newell – The Slant Book
 * Beatrix Potter – The Tale of Mrs. Tittlemouse

Drama

 * Hall Caine
 * The Bishop's Son (new version of Ben-my-Chree)
 * The Eternal Question (new version of The Eternal City)
 * George Diamandy
 * Bestia (The Beast)
 * Tot înainte (Carry On)
 * Maxim Gorky – Reception
 * Terence MacSwiney – The Last Warriors of Coole
 * Maurice Maeterlinck – Mary Magdalene
 * Eduardo Marquina – En Flandes se ha puesto el sol (The Sun Has Set in Flanders)
 * John Masefield – The Tragedy of Pompey the Great
 * Louis N. Parker – Pomander Walk
 * Edmond Rostand – Chantecler
 * George Bernard Shaw – Misalliance
 * J. M. Synge – Deirdre of the Sorrows
 * Rabindranath Tagore – Raja (রাজা, The King of the Dark Chamber)

Poetry

 * Paul Claudel – Cinq Grandes Odes
 * Rabindranath Tagore – Gitanjali (Bengali language version)

Non-fiction

 * Jane Addams – Twenty Years at Hull House
 * Norman Angell – The Great Illusion (revision of Europe's Optical Illusion published 1909)
 * Hall Caine – King Edward: A Prince and a Great Man
 * G. K. Chesterton – What's Wrong with the World
 * Emily Davies – Thoughts on Some Questions Relating to Women
 * Emma Goldman – Anarchism and Other Essays
 * Robert Hichens – The Spell of Egypt
 * Dumitru C. Moruzi – Înstrăinații
 * Ezra Pound – The Spirit of Romance
 * Gerhard Ritter – Ein historisches Urbild zu Goethes Faust (Agrippa von Nettesheym)
 * Henri Stahl – Bucureștii ce se duc
 * Percy Sykes – The Glory of the Shia World
 * Wallace D. Wattles – The Science of Getting Rich
 * Andrew Dickson White – Seven Great Statesmen in the Warfare of Humanity with Unreason
 * Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell – Principia Mathematica, vol. 1

Births

 * February 6 – Irmgard Keun, German novelist (died 1982)
 * February 10 – Joan G. Robinson, English children's writer and illustrator (died 1988)
 * February 11 – L. T. C. Rolt, English biographer and writer of ghost stories (died 1974)
 * February 28 – Leonte Răutu, Bessarabian-born Romanian propagandist and censor (died 1993)
 * March 4 – Basil Boothroyd, English poet and humorist (died 1988)
 * March 22 – Nicholas Monsarrat, English novelist (died 1979)
 * May 8 – Andrew E. Svenson, American author and publisher (died 1975)
 * May 23 – Margaret Wise Brown, American children's writer (died 1952)
 * June 15 – Marie de Garis (Marie Le Messurier), Guernsey ethnographer and lexicographer (died 2010)
 * June 21 – Clive Sansom, English-born Tasmanian poet and playwright (died 1981)
 * June 23 – Jean Anouilh, French dramatist (died 1987)
 * July 14 – Vincent Brome, English biographer and novelist (died 2004)
 * July 27 – Julien Gracq, French novelist, critic and playwright (died 2007)
 * August 5 – Jacquetta Hawkes (née Hopkins), English writer and archeologist (died 1996)
 * August 10 – Vladimir Cavarnali, Bessarabian-born Romanian poet, editor, and journalist (died 1966)
 * August 19 – Quentin Bell, English historian and author (died 1996)
 * September 8 – Julián Padrón, Venezuelan novelist, journalist and lawyer (died 1954)
 * September 11 – Manuel Mujica Láinez, Argentine novelist (died 1984)
 * September 18 – Bernard Kangro, Estonian journalist, author, and poet (died 1994)
 * September 30 – Edward Hyams, English novelist and historian (died 1975)
 * October 15 – Haddis Alemayehu, Ethiopian politician and novelist (died 2003)
 * November 9 – P. M. Hubbard, English crime writer (died 1980)
 * November 17 – Rachel de Queiroz, Brazilian author (died 2003)
 * December 19
 * Jean Genet, French novelist, playwright and poet (died 1986)
 * José Lezama Lima, Cuban writer and poet (died 1976)
 * December 24
 * Jean-Paul Crespelle, French writer (died 1994)
 * Fritz Leiber, American writer of fantasy and science fiction (died 1992)
 * unknown date – Betty Miller, Irish-born Jewish writer (died 1965)

Deaths

 * January 29 – Edouard Rod, French-Swiss novelist (born 1857)
 * March 29 – H. Maria George Colby, American writer (born 1844)
 * April – Frances Margaret Milne, Irish-born American author and librarian (born 1846)
 * April 3 – Catherine Helen Spence, Australian writer (born 1825)
 * April 4 – Augusta Harvey Worthen, Australian author and educator (born 1823)
 * April 9 – Vittoria Aganoor, Italian poet (born 1855)
 * April 15 – Angie F. Newman, American poet, author, and edito (born 1837)
 * April 21 – Mark Twain, American writer (born 1835)
 * May 7 – Emil Friedrich Kautzsch, German Bible scholar (born 1841)
 * May 10 – Anna Laetitia Waring, Welsh poet and hymnist (born 1823)
 * May 22 – Jules Renard, French novelist (born 1864)
 * July 2 – Frederick James Furnivall, English lexicographer (born 1825)
 * August 4 – Heinrich Julius Holtzmann, German New Testament commentator (born 1832)
 * August 26 – William James, American philosopher (born 1842)
 * September 6 – Susan F. Ferree, American journalist and social reformer (born 1844)
 * September 14 – Emma B. Dunham, American poet, author, teacher (born 1826)
 * October 17
 * William Vaughn Moody, American dramatist and poet (born 1869)
 * Julia Ward Howe, American poet and abolitionist (born 1819)
 * October 27 – Henrietta Gould Rowe, American litterateur and author (born 1835)
 * November 6 – George Panu, Romanian memoirist, literary critic, journalist and politician (born 1848)
 * November 15 – Wilhelm Raabe, German novelist (born 1831)
 * November 20 – Leo Tolstoy, Russian novelist (born 1828)

Awards

 * Nobel Prize for Literature: Paul Johann Ludwig Heyse
 * Newdigate prize: Charles Bewley

title: 1910 in literature


text:
1917 in literature

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1917.

Events

 * January
 * Francis Picabia produces the first issue of the Dada periodical 391 in Barcelona.
 * Philosopher Hu Shih, the main advocate of replacing scholarly language with the vernacular in Chinese literature, publishes an article in the magazine New Youth (Xin Qingnian), "A Preliminary Discussion of Literature Reform", offering eight guidelines for writers.
 * J. R. R. Tolkien, on medical leave from the British Army at Great Haywood, begins The Book of Lost Tales (the first version of The Silmarillion), starting with the "Fall of Gondolin". This first chronicles Tolkien's mythopoeic Middle-earth legendarium in prose.
 * February 4 or 5 – The English writer Hugh Kingsmill is captured in action in France.
 * February 16 – The publisher Boni & Liveright is founded in New York City by Horace Liveright with Albert Boni, and initiates the "Modern Library" imprint.
 * April – Leonard and Virginia Woolf take delivery of a hand printing press needed to establish the Hogarth Press at their home in Richmond upon Thames. Their first publication is Two Stories.
 * May – W. B. Yeats acquires Thoor Ballylee in Ireland.
 * June 4 – The first Pulitzer Prizes are awarded: Laura E. Richards, Maude H. Elliott, and Florence Hall receive the first for biography (for Julia Ward Howe), Jean Jules Jusserand the first for history with With Americans of Past and Present Days, and Herbert B. Swope the first for journalism for his work for the New York World.
 * June 18 – Luigi Pirandello's drama Right You Are (if you think so) (Così è (se vi pare)) is first performed, in Milan.
 * July – Siegfried Sassoon issues a "Soldier's Declaration" against prolonging World War I. He is sent by the military (with assistance from Robert Graves) to Edinburgh's Craiglockhart War Hospital, where Wilfred Owen introduces himself on August 18. At Sassoon's urging, Owen writes his two great war poems, "Anthem for Doomed Youth" and "Dulce et Decorum est", although like almost all his poetry they remain unpublished until after his death in action next year. Their meeting would later inspire Stephen MacDonald's drama Not About Heroes (1982) and Pat Barker's novel Regeneration (1991).
 * Summer – The Siuru expressionist and neo-romantic literary movement in Estonia is formed by young poets and writers.
 * September 6 – At the National Eisteddfod of Wales in Birkenhead, the Chairing of the Bard ceremony ends with the chair draped in black, the winner, Hedd Wyn, having died a month earlier in battle.
 * October
 * Ernest Hemingway takes his first job, as a reporter on The Kansas City Star.
 * D. H. Lawrence is forced to leave Cornwall at three days' notice under terms of the Defence of the Realm Act in the United Kingdom.
 * October 20 – The 51-year-old poet W. B. Yeats marries 25-year-old Georgie Hyde-Lees at Harrow Road register office in London, with Ezra Pound as best man, a couple of months after Yeats' proposal of marriage to his ex-mistress's daughter, Iseult Gonne, is rejected.
 * December 25 – Jesse Lynch Williams' Why Marry?, the first drama to win a Pulitzer Prize, opens at the Astor Theatre (New York).
 * unknown dates
 * The colonial government of the Dutch East Indies establishes the Kantoor voor de Volklectuur ("Office for People's Reading"), later renamed Balai Pustaka.
 * The Marc Chagall illustrated version of The Magician (דער קונצענמאכער, Der Kuntsenmakher) by I. L. Peretz (died 1915) appears in Vilnius.

Fiction

 * Elizabeth von Arnim – Christine
 * Mariano Azuela – Los caciques (The Bosses)
 * Henri Barbusse – Under Fire (first English language edition)
 * E. F. Benson
 * An Autumn Sowing
 * Mr. Teddy
 * Adrien Bertrand – L'Orage sur le jardin de Candide (The thunderstorm in Candide's garden)
 * Rhoda Broughton – A Thorn in the Flesh
 * Edgar Rice Burroughs
 * A Princess of Mars
 * The Son of Tarzan
 * Abraham Cahan – The Rise of David Levinsky
 * Gilbert Cannan – The Stucco House
 * Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay – Devdas
 * J. Storer Clouston – The Spy in Black
 * Mary Cholmondeley – Under One Roof
 * Joseph Conrad – The Shadow Line (serialization concluded and in book form)
 * Clemence Dane – Regiment of Women
 * Miguel de Unamuno – Abel Sánchez
 * Ethel M. Dell – The Hundredth Chance
 * Norman Douglas – South Wind
 * Arthur Conan Doyle – His Last Bow (collected Sherlock Holmes stories)
 * Edna Ferber – Fanny Herself
 * Anna Katharine Green – The Mystery of the Hasty Arrow
 * Zona Gale – A Daughter of the Morning
 * Joseph Hergesheimer – The Three Black Pennys
 * Robert Hichens – In the Wilderness
 * Ricarda Huch – The Deruga Case (Der Fall Deruga)
 * Henry James (posthumously)
 * The Ivory Tower
 * The Sense of the Past
 * Gaston Leroux – Rouletabille at Krupp's
 * Sinclair Lewis – The Job
 * Jack London – Jerry of the Islands
 * Oscar Micheaux – The Homesteader
 * Christopher Morley – Parnassus on Wheels
 * Baroness Orczy
 * Lord Tony's Wife
 * A Sheaf of Bluebells
 * David Graham Phillips – Susan Lenox: Her Rise and Fall
 * Marmaduke Pickthall – Knights of Araby
 * Ernest Poole – His Family
 * Horacio Quiroga – Cuentos de amor de locura y de muerte
 * Henry Handel Richardson (Et Florence Robertson) – Australia Felix (first part of The Fortunes of Richard Mahony)
 * May Sinclair – The Tree of Heaven
 * Annie M. P. Smithson – Her Irish Heritage
 * Hermann Sudermann – The Excursion to Tilsit (Litauische Geschichten)
 * Ivan Tavčar – Cvetje v jeseni (Flowers in Autumn)
 * Edgar Wallace – The Secret House
 * Robert Walser – Der Spaziergang (The Walk)
 * Mary Augusta Ward
 * Missing
 * Towards the Goal
 * The War and Elizabeth
 * Alec Waugh – The Loom of Youth
 * Mary Webb – Gone to Earth
 * Edith Wharton – Summer
 * P. G. Wodehouse
 * The Man with Two Left Feet (collected stories)
 * Piccadilly Jim

Children and young people

 * Lucy Maud Montgomery – Anne's House of Dreams
 * Beatrix Potter – Appley Dapply's Nursery Rhymes
 * Else Ury – Nesthäkchen and the World War

Drama

 * Leonid Andreyev – The Life of Man
 * Guillaume Apollinaire – The Breasts of Tiresias (Les mamelles de Tirésias, written 1903, first performed)
 * Bruce Bairnsfather and Arthur Elliot – The Better 'Ole
 * J. M. Barrie – Dear Brutus
 * Dorothy Brandon – Wild Heather
 * Ferdinand Bruckner – Der Herr in den Nebeln
 * Hall Caine – The Woman Thou Gavest Me
 * Gilbert Cannan – Everybody's Husband
 * Jean Cocteau – Parade
 * John Drinkwater – X = 0: A Night of the Trojan War
 * John Galsworthy – Justice
 * Mary P. Hamlin and George Arliss – Hamilton
 * Georg Kaiser
 * The Burghers of Calais (Die Bürger von Calais, written 1913, first performed)
 * The Coral (Die Koralle)
 * From Morning to Midnight (Von Morgens bis Mitternachts, written 1912, first performed)
 * Somerset Maugham – Our Betters
 * A. A. Milne – Wurzel-Flummery
 * Luigi Pirandello – Right You Are (if you think so)
 * Gertrude Stein – An Exercise in Analysis
 * Ridgely Torrence – Three Plays for a Negro Theater
 * Brita von Horn – Kring drottningen
 * Jesse Lynch Williams – Why Marry?

Poetry

 * Lascelles Abercrombie – Emblems Of Love
 * May Wedderburn Cannan – In War Time
 * T. S. Eliot – Prufrock, and other observations
 * Robert Graves – Fairies and Fusiliers
 * Ivor Gurney – Severn and Somme
 * James Weldon Johnson – Fifty Years and Other Poems
 * Joseph Lee – Work-a-Day Warriors
 * Edna St. Vincent Millay - Renascense and Other Poems
 * Siegfried Sassoon – The Old Huntsman, and Other Poems
 * Alan Seeger (posthumously) – Poems (including "I have a rendezvous with Death")
 * Edward Thomas (posthumously) – Poems (including "Adlestrop")
 * William Watson – The Man Who Saw: and Other Poems Arising out of the War
 * W. B. Yeats – The Wild Swans at Coole, Other Verses and a Play in Verse

Non-fiction

 * G. K. Chesterton – A Short History of England
 * Daniel Jones – An English Pronouncing Dictionary
 * Henry Festing Jones – Samuel Butler, Author of Erewhon (1835–1902)
 * Theodore Wesley Koch – Books in Camp, Trench and Hospital
 * Rudolf Otto – The Idea of the Holy (Das Heilige)
 * Alfred W. Pollard – Shakespeare's Fight with the Pirates and the Problems of the Transmission of His Text
 * D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson – On Growth and Form
 * Francis Brett Young – Marching on Tanga

Births

 * January 6 – Maeve Brennan, Irish-born short story writer and journalist (died 1993)
 * February 11 – Sidney Sheldon, American novelist (died 2007)
 * February 25 – Anthony Burgess, English novelist (died 1993)
 * March 1 – Robert Lowell, American poet (died 1977)
 * March 8 – Dimitrie Stelaru (Dumitru Petrescu), Romanian poet and novelist (died 1971)
 * March 17 – Carlo Cassola, Italian novelist (died 1987)
 * April 9 – Johannes Bobrowski, German author (died 1965)
 * April 19 – Sven Hassel (Børge Pedersen), Danish novelist (died 2012)
 * May 16 – Juan Rulfo, Mexican fiction writer (died 1986)
 * June 7 – Gwendolyn Brooks, American poet (died 2000)
 * June 13 – Augusto Roa Bastos, Paraguayan novelist (died 2005)
 * June 16 – Katharine Graham, American journalist (died 2001)
 * June 28 – A. E. Hotchner, American writer (died 2020)
 * July 8 – J. F. Powers, American author (died 1999)
 * July 15 – Robert Conquest, English-born historian and poet (died 2015)
 * August 24 – Ruth Park, New Zealand children's writer (died 2010)
 * October 5 – Magda Szabó, Hungarian novelist, dramatist and essayist (died 2007)
 * October 24 – Denys Val Baker, Welsh writer (died 1984)
 * October 31 – Patience Gray, English cookery and travel writer (died 2005)
 * November 3 – Conor Cruise O'Brien, Irish biographer and political writer (died 2008)
 * November 12 – Leila Berg, English children's author and education writer (died 2015)
 * November 28 – Marni Hodgkin (Marion Rous), American children's book editor (died 2015)
 * December 14 – Tove Ditlevsen, Danish poet and fiction writer (suicide 1976)
 * December 16 – Sir Arthur C. Clarke, English fiction writer (died 2008)
 * December 21
 * Diana Athill, English author and editor (died 2019)
 * Heinrich Böll, German Nobel Prize winning novelist (died 1985)
 * December 27 – Onni Palaste, Finnish novelist (died 2009)
 * date unknown – Fadwa Tuqan, Palestinian poet (died 2003)

Deaths

 * January 15 – William De Morgan, English novelist and potter (born 1839)
 * January 18 – Andrew Murray, South African minister, writer and teacher (born 1828)
 * January 20 – Agnes Leonard Hill, American author, journalist, enangelist, social reformer (born 1842)
 * February – Emma Pike Ewing, American author and educator (born 1838)
 * February 16 – Octave Mirbeau, French novelist and critic (born 1848)
 * April 3 – Arthur Graeme West, English war poet and military writer (killed in action, born 1891)
 * April 9
 * Edward Thomas, British poet and prose writer (killed in action, born 1878)
 * R. E. Vernède, English war poet (killed in action, born 1875)
 * April 14 – L. L. Zamenhof, Polish creator of Esperanto (born 1859)
 * April 17 – Jane Barlow, Irish novelist and poet (born 1856)
 * April 21 – F. C. Burnand, English dramatist and editor (born 1836)
 * May 13 – Gustav Jaeger, German naturalist (born 1832)
 * June (date unknown) - Katharine Sarah Macquoid, British novelist and travel writer (born 1824)
 * June 1 – Joseph Ashby-Sterry, English poet and comic writer (born 1836 or 1838)
 * June 18 – Titu Maiorescu, Romanian culture critic, philosopher, and politician (born 1840)
 * July 31
 * Francis Ledwidge, English war poet (killed in action, born 1887)
 * Hedd Wyn, Welsh-language poet (killed in action, born 1887)
 * August 15 – Martha Capps Oliver, American poet and hymnwriter (born 1845)
 * September 28 – T. E. Hulme, English critic (killed in action, born 1883)
 * October 16 – Walter Flex, German author (died of wounds, born 1887)
 * November 15 – Émile Durkheim, French sociologist (born 1858)
 * November 16 – Georges de Peyrebrune, French novelist (born 1841)
 * November 18 – Adrien Bertrand, French novelist (died of wounds, born 1888)
 * December 27 – George Diamandy, Romanian journalist, dramatist, and political figure (angina, born 1867)

Awards

 * Nobel Prize for Literature: Karl Adolph Gjellerup, Henrik Pontoppidan

title: 1917 in literature


text:
1919 in literature

Events from the year 1919 in literature .

Events

 * February – Richmal Crompton's anarchic English schoolboy William Brown is introduced in the first published Just William story, "Rice-Mould", in Home magazine.
 * March 1 – October 15 – Publication runs of the American pulp magazine The Thrill Book are oriented towards the fantasy genre or science fiction. It includes the serialization of The Heads of Cerberus, written by Gertrude Barrows Bennett as Francis Stevens, with its early thematic use of an alternate time-track, or parallel worlds.
 * March – The diaries up to the end of 1917 from the English naturalist W. N. P. Barbellion (Bruce Frederick Cummings) are published as The Journal of a Disappointed Man in London by Chatto & Windus. This treats his resignation to the disease multiple sclerosis, of which he will die on October 22, aged 30, at Gerrards Cross.
 * March 28 – Two paintings by E. E. Cummings appear in an exhibition of the New York Society of Independent Artists.
 * April 2 – Vladimir Nabokov leaves Russia with his family.
 * April 7 – The anarchist writers Gustav Landauer and Erich Mühsam play leading roles in creating the Bavarian Soviet Republic. They are later joined by the essayist and debt relief advocate Silvio Gesell. Taken over by the Communist Party of Germany, the republic is eventually crushed by the Freikorps; Landauer is killed in prison (May 2). Combatants on the Freikorps side include Ernst Kantorowicz, later famous as a historian.
 * April and October – The English writers Vera Brittain and Winifred Holtby return after war service to complete their degree courses at Somerville College, Oxford.
 * June – The Algonquin Round Table of writers, critics, actors and wits led by Alexander Woollcott first meets at the Algonquin Hotel in New York City.
 * July 29 – Alfred Harcourt and Donald Brace set up the publishing company Harcourt, Brace & Howe in New York City.
 * October 28 – Arthur Ransome leaves Russia with his future wife Evgenia Petrovna Shelepina, previously Trotsky's secretary, carrying a diplomatic message for Estonia.
 * November – The literary monthly The London Mercury is launched with J. C. Squire as editor.
 * November 19 – An American expatriate, Sylvia Beach, opens the Shakespeare and Company bookstore in Paris.
 * November 29 – The Großes Schauspielhaus opens as a theater in Berlin, with an interior designed by Hans Poelzig. It begins with the director Max Reinhardt's production of the Oresteia.
 * December – T. E. Lawrence loses most of the manuscript of Seven Pillars of Wisdom while changing trains at Reading in England en route from the Paris Peace Conference to Oxford.
 * unknown dates
 * The column "By the Way" and the pen name Beachcomber in the London newspaper the Daily Express are taken over by D. B. Wyndham Lewis as a humorous feature.
 * Singer House in Petrograd (Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic) is allocated to the Petrograd State Publishing House, quickly becoming the city's largest bookstore. It will be known subsequently as Дом Книги (Dom knigi, "The House of Books").

Fiction

 * Ryūnosuke Akutagawa (芥川 龍之介) – "Dragon: the Old Potter's Tale" (龍, Ryū, published in Akutagawa Ryūnosuke zenshū)
 * Sherwood Anderson – Winesburg, Ohio
 * Daisy Ashford – The Young Visiters (written in 1890 aged nine)
 * Pio Baroja – Caesar or Nothing
 * Max Beerbohm – Seven Men (short stories)
 * André Breton and Philippe Soupault – Les Champs Magnétiques (first book to use techniques of surrealist automatism)
 * James Branch Cabell – Jurgen, A Comedy of Justice
 * Henry de Montherlant – Songe (Dream)
 * Ronald Firbank – Valmouth
 * Gilbert Frankau – Peter Jackson, Cigar Merchant: a romance of married life
 * Philip Gibbs – The Street of Adventure
 * André Gide – La Symphonie pastorale
 * A. P. Herbert – The Secret Battle
 * Joseph Hergesheimer
 * Linda Condon
 * Java Head
 * Hermann Hesse (as Emil Sinclair) – Demian
 * E. M. Hull – The Sheik
 * Jerome K. Jerome – All Roads Lead to Calvary
 * Franz Kafka – "In the Penal Colony" ("In der Strafkolonie")
 * Halldór Laxness – "Barn náttúrunnar"
 * Jack London – On the Makaloa Mat
 * Compton Mackenzie
 * Poor Relations
 * Sylvia and Michael
 * Thomas Mann – Herr und Hund (A Man and his Dog)
 * W. Somerset Maugham – The Moon and Sixpence
 * Christopher Morley – The Haunted Bookshop
 * Seumas O'Kelly (died 1918) – The Golden Barque and The Weaver's Grave (novellas)
 * Baroness Orczy
 * His Majesty's Well-beloved
 * The League of the Scarlet Pimpernel
 * Premchand – Seva Sadan
 * Marcel Proust
 * À l'Ombre des jeunes filles en fleurs (In the Shadow of Young Girls in Flower or Within a Budding Grove), vol. 2 of À la recherche du temps perdu
 * Pastiches et mélanges
 * Romain Rolland
 * Colas Breugnon
 * Les Précurseurs (The Forerunners)
 * Henry De Vere Stacpoole – The Beach of Dreams
 * Ivan Tavčar – Visoška kronika (The Visoko Chronicle, novella)
 * Edgar Wallace – The Green Rust
 * Mary Augusta Ward
 * Fields of Victory
 * Helena
 * Anna Elisabet Weirauch – The Scorpion (Der Skorpion) (vol. 1)
 * George McLeod Winsor – Station X
 * P. G. Wodehouse – My Man Jeeves (collection)
 * Virginia Woolf – Night and Day
 * Francis Brett Young – The Young Physician

Children and young people

 * L. Frank Baum – The Magic of Oz
 * Edgar Rice Burroughs – Jungle Tales of Tarzan
 * Christine Chaundler – Ronald's Burglar
 * Grace May North – Adele Doring of the Sunnyside Club (first in the Adele Doring series)
 * Else Ury – Nesthäkchen's Teenage Years
 * Hugh Walpole – Jeremy

Drama

 * Ramón del Valle-Inclán – Divine Words (Divinas palabras)
 * Edward Salisbury Field – Wedding Bells
 * John Galsworthy – The First and the Last
 * Susan Glaspell – Bernice
 * Harley Granville-Barker – The Secret Life
 * Ian Hay – Tilly of Bloomsbury
 * Robert Hichens – The Voice from the Minaret
 * Avery Hopwood – The Gold Diggers
 * Karl Kraus – The Last Days of Mankind (Die letzten Tage der Menschheit)
 * Kwee Tek Hoay – Allah jang Palsoe (The False God)
 * Else Lasker-Schüler – Die Wupper (The (river) Wupper; first performed, written 1908)
 * H. F. Maltby – A Temporary Gentleman
 * W. Somerset Maugham – Caesar's Wife
 * A. A. Milne
 * The Camberley Triangle
 * Mr. Pim Passes By
 * Louis N. Parker – Summertime
 * Liviu Rebreanu – The Quadrille
 * Ernst Toller – Transformation

Poetry

 * E. J. Brady – The House of the Winds
 * Uri Zvi Greenberg – In tsaytns roysh (In the tumult of the times, verse and prose)
 * Siegfried Sassoon – The War Poems of Siegfried Sassoon
 * August Stramm (killed in action 1915) – Tropfblut
 * Giuseppe Ungaretti
 * Allegria di naufragi (The Joy of Shipwrecks)
 * La guerra (The War)
 * Louis Untermeyer (ed.) – Modern American Poetry

Non-fiction

 * Henri Bergson – L'Energie spirituelle: essais et conférences (Spiritual Energy: Essays and Lectures)
 * Francis P. Duffy with Joyce Kilmer – Father Duffy's Story: A Tale of Humor and Heroism, Of Life and Death with the Fighting Sixty-Ninth
 * Johan Huizinga – The Waning of the Middle Ages (Herfsttij der Middeleeuwen)
 * William Inge – Outspoken Essays (first series)
 * John Maynard Keynes – The Economic Consequences of the Peace
 * Karl Kraus – Weltgericht (Last Judgment)
 * Dorothy Lawrence – Sapper Dorothy Lawrence: The Only English Woman Soldier (autobiography)
 * H. L. Mencken – The American Language
 * Arthur Ransome – Six Weeks in Russia 1919
 * John Reed – Ten Days That Shook the World
 * Carl Sandburg – The Chicago Race Riots, July 1919
 * Prof. William Strunk, Jr. – The Elements of Style
 * H. G. Wells – The Outline of History (publication of first installment, November 22)
 * Arthur Graeme West (killed on active service 1917) – The Diary of a Dead Officer
 * Frances Garnet Wolseley, 2nd Viscountess Wolseley – Gardens, their Form and Design

Births

 * January 1 – J. D. Salinger, American novelist (died 2010)
 * January 7 – Robert Duncan, American poet (died 1988)
 * January 10 – Ugo Sansonetti, Italian writer and masters athlete (died 2019)
 * January 20 – Silva Kaputikyan, Armenian poet (died 2006)
 * January 24 – Juan Eduardo Zúñiga, Spanish fiction writer, literary scholar and translator (died 2020)
 * January 25 – Edwin Newman, American writer and journalist (died 2010)
 * January 29 – N. F. Simpson, English absurdist playwright (died 2011)
 * February 14 – Miroslav Zikmund, Czech adventurer, travel writer and film director (died 2021)
 * March 18 – G. E. M. Anscombe, Irish-born English analytic philosopher (died 2001)
 * March 24
 * Lawrence Ferlinghetti, American beat poet, writer, publisher, painter, socialist activist and bookseller (died 2021)
 * Robert Heilbroner, American economic philosopher (died 2005)
 * Graciela Palau de Nemes, Cuban-born literary critic (died 2019)
 * April 15 – Emyr Humphreys, Welsh novelist and poet (died 2020)
 * April 24 – Mihu Dragomir, Romanian poet, journalist and short story writer (died 1964)
 * May 7 – Robert H. Adleman, American novelist and historian (died 1995)
 * May 16 – John Robinson, English Bible scholar, religious writer and bishop (died 1983)
 * May 17 – Merle Miller, American biographer and screenwriter (died 1986)
 * June 6 – Helen Forrester (June Bhatia), English memoirist and novelist (died 2011)
 * June 8 – Władysław Siemaszko, Polish publicist, lawyer and writer
 * June 27 – Jaswant Singh Kanwal, Punjabi novelist (died 2020)
 * June 28 – Ion Dezideriu Sîrbu, Romanian philosopher, novelist and dramatist (died 1989)
 * July 9 – Denys Rhodes, Irish-born novelist (died 1981)
 * July 15 – Iris Murdoch, Irish-born novelist (died 1999)
 * July 23
 * Davis Grubb, American novelist and short story writer (died 1980)
 * Héctor Germán Oesterheld, Argentine comic book writer (forced disappearance c.1977)
 * July 31 – Primo Levi, Italian novelist and memoirist (died 1987)
 * August 1 – Stanley Middleton, English novelist (died 2009)
 * August 4 – Michel Déon, French writer (died 2016)
 * August 31 – Amrita Pritam, Punjabi poet and novelist (died 2005)
 * September 13
 * Mary Midgley, English philosopher (died 2018)
 * George Weidenfeld, Viennese-born English publisher (died 2016)
 * September 23 – Tōta Kaneko, Japanese writer (died 2018)
 * September 26 – Matilde Camus, Spanish poet (died 2012)
 * October 22 – Doris Lessing, Persian-born English novelist (died 2013)
 * November 18 – Jocelyn Brando, American actress and writer (died 2005)
 * November 23 – P. F. Strawson, English philosopher (died 2006)
 * November 26 – Frederik Pohl, American science fiction author (died 2013)
 * November 29 – Frank Kermode, Manx-born literary critic (died 2010)
 * December 6 – Paul de Man, Belgian-born literary critic (died 1983)
 * December 17
 * Charlotte Jay, Australian suspense writer (died 1996)
 * Es'kia Mphahlele, South African writer (died 2008)

Deaths

 * January 2 – Eliza Putnam Heaton, American journalist and editor (born 1860)
 * January 4 – Matilda Betham-Edwards, English novelist, poet and travel writer (born 1836)
 * January 11 – Kazimierz Zalewski, Polish dramatist, critic and publisher (born 1849)
 * January 15 – Rosa Luxemburg, Polish-born German revolutionary socialist (assassinated, born 1871)
 * January 31 – Paul Lindau, German dramatist (born 1839)
 * February 24 – Mary Ann Maitland, Scottish-born Canadian author (born 1839)
 * February 26 – Anne Thackeray Ritchie, English novelist and essayist (born 1837)
 * May 2 – Gustav Landauer, German philosopher and revolutionary (murdered, born 1870)
 * May 6 – L. Frank Baum, children's writer (stroke, born 1856)
 * May 10 – Ferdinando Fontana, Italian journalist, dramatist, and poet (born 1850)
 * May 17 – Guido von List, Viennese poet, dramatist, and occultist (born 1848)
 * May 30 – Barbu Nemțeanu, Romanian poet and translator (tuberculosis, born 1887)
 * June 14 – Weedon Grossmith, English writer, actor and playwright (born 1854)
 * June 19 – Petre P. Carp, Romanian politician, polemicist, and translator (born 1837)
 * June 23 – Kolachalam Srinivasa Rao, Indian dramatist (born 1854)
 * July 8 – John Fox, Jr., American novelist and short story writer (pneumonia, born 1862)
 * August 6 – Ada Langworthy Collier, American author (born 1843)
 * August 10 – Cynthia Morgan St. John, American Wordsworthian, book collector, and author (pneumonia, born 1852)
 * August 11 – Andrew Carnegie, Scottish American industrialist and writer (pneumonia, born 1835)
 * September 12 – Leonid Andreyev, Russian dramatist, novelist and short-story writer (heart failure, born 1871)
 * October 22 – W. N. P. Barbellion (Bruce Frederick Cummings), English naturalist and diarist (multiple sclerosis, born 1889)
 * October 30 – Ella Wheeler Wilcox, American author and poet (born 1850)
 * November 3 – Abraham Valdelomar, Peruvian poet, essayist and dramatist (accidental fall, born 1888)
 * November 20 – Jane Lippitt Patterson, American writer and editor (born 1829)
 * December 19 – Alice Moore McComas, American author, editor, lecturer and reformer (born 1850)

Awards

 * James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction (first award): Hugh Walpole, The Secret City
 * James Tait Black Memorial Prize for biography (first award): Henry Festing Jones, Samuel Butler, Author of Erewhon (1835–1902) – A Memoir
 * Nobel Prize for Literature: Carl Spitteler
 * Prix Goncourt: Marcel Proust, A l'ombre des jeunes filles en fleurs
 * Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography: Henry Brooks Adams, The Education of Henry Adams
 * Pulitzer Prize for Drama: no award given
 * Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: Margaret Widdemer, Old Road to Paradise and Carl Sandburg, Corn Huskers
 * Pulitzer Prize for the Novel: Booth Tarkington, The Magnificent Ambersons

In literature

 * Opening of J. G. Farrell's novel Troubles (1970)

title: 1919 in literature


text:
1920 in literature

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1920.

Events

 * February 2 – Beyond the Horizon, Eugene O'Neill's second full-length play, opens with a Morosco Theatre matinée in New York City, partly as a producer's experiment and partly to quiet the actor Richard Bennett, who sought to play the lead. Reviewers hail the play and O'Neill gains fame.
 * February 27 – An inaugural meeting of the Bloomsbury Group's Memoir Club is arranged by Mary MacCarthy in London.
 * Spring – The poet Anton Podbevšek and others organize the Novo Mesto Spring (Novomeška pomlad) event, the beginning of Slovenian Modernism.
 * March 15 – The Blue Flame, a four-act play by George V. Hobart and John Willard after Leta Vance Nicholson, opens at the Shubert Theatre (New York City) on Broadway before a year's U.S. tour. Though described by a critic as "one of the worst plays ever written," it is a commercial success, largely due to Theda Bara as the central character of a vamp.
 * March 22 – Federico García Lorca's first play, The Butterfly's Evil Spell (El maleficio de la mariposa) is poorly received at its première in Madrid.
 * March 26 – This Side of Paradise by F. Scott Fitzgerald sets him up as a writer and celebrity. An initial 3,000 copies sell out in three days. The book's reputation dims in later years, but Dorothy Parker will recall that it was seen as innovative when it first appeared.
 * April
 * Hart Crane publishes his poem "My Grandmother's Love Letters" in The Dial, his first major move toward recognition as a poet.
 * The pulp magazine Black Mask is launched in New York City as "An Illustrated Magazine of Detective Mystery, Adventure, Romance, and Spiritualism" by journalist H. L. Mencken and drama critic George Jean Nathan.
 * April 3 – F. Scott Fitzgerald marries Zelda Sayre in the rectory of St. Patrick's Cathedral (Manhattan).
 * May 1 – F. Scott Fitzgerald's short story "Bernice Bobs Her Hair" appears in the Saturday Evening Post and on the magazine's cover, illustrated by artist Norman Rockwell.
 * July – Krishna Lal Adhikari's Makaiko Kheti (The Cultivation of Maize) is published in Nepal; following claims that it contains "mischievous expressions to treason", the author is sentenced on August 2 to nine years in prison (where he will die in 1923) and all known copies of the book are destroyed.
 * August 22 – The Salzburg Festival in Austria is inaugurated with a performance of Hugo von Hofmannsthal's play Jedermann (Everyman, 1911) in front of Salzburg Cathedral, directed by Max Reinhardt.
 * October – Agatha Christie's first novel, The Mysterious Affair at Styles, appears in the U.S., introducing her long-running Belgian detective Hercule Poirot in the setting of an English country house. The book is published in the U.K. on January 21, 1921.
 * November 1 – Eugene O'Neill's The Emperor Jones plays at the Playwright's Theater in New York City with Charles Sidney Gilpin in the title role.
 * November 9 – D. H. Lawrence's novel Women in Love appears in a limited U.S. subscribers' edition.
 * December – The first edition of the Poems of the English war poet Wilfred Owen, killed in action in 1918, appears in London, introduced by his friend Siegfried Sassoon but with much of the editing carried out by Edith Sitwell. Only five of Owen's verses having been published in his lifetime, the collection introduces his work to many readers. It includes the 1917 poems "Anthem for Doomed Youth" and "Dulce et Decorum est", one of the best-known poetic condemnations of war.
 * December 23 – Arthur Schnitzler's play Reigen (La Ronde, 1900) receives a first authorized performance, in Berlin, where it is criticized on moral and anti-Semitic grounds.
 * Christmas – Monteiro Lobato's children's story "A Menina do Narizinho Arrebitado" (Girl with the Upturned Nose), the origin of the Sítio do Picapau Amarelo novel series, is published in Brazil.
 * unknown dates
 * Erwin von Busse, using the pseudonym Granand, publishes Das erotische Komödiengärtlein (Berlin Garden of Erotic Delights), a collection of short stories about sexually charged encounters between men. It is promptly banned.
 * Karel Čapek's drama R.U.R: Rossum's Universal Robots, published in Prague, introduces the word robot into English.
 * Publication in Paris of the first volume of the Collection Budé initiates editions of classical texts with parallel French translation: Plato's Hippias Minor (Hippias Mineur).
 * Van Wyck Brooks' The Ordeal of Mark Twain controversially argues that Twain was "a victim of arrested development" with a dual personality. It begins a reassessment of an author seen hitherto mainly as a humorous writer. The 1920s will bring similar reconsideration of many 19th-century American writers, notably Herman Melville and Emily Dickinson.

Fiction

 * Sherwood Anderson – Poor White
 * E. F. Benson – Queen Lucia
 * Marjorie Bowen – The Burning Glass
 * Rhoda Broughton – A Fool in Her Folly
 * Emilio Carrere – The Tower of the Seven Hunchbacks (La Torre de los Siete Jorobados)
 * Catherine Carswell – Open the Door!
 * Agatha Christie – The Mysterious Affair at Styles (first Hercule Poirot mystery)
 * Colette – Chéri
 * Joseph Conrad – The Rescue
 * Freeman Wills Crofts – The Cask
 * William Aubrey Darlington – Alf's Button
 * Miguel de Unamuno
 * Tres novelas ejemplares y un prólogo (Three Exemplary Novels and a Prologue)
 * Tulio Montalbán
 * Grazia Deledda – Le Madre (The Mother)
 * Ethel M. Dell – The Top of the World
 * Suat Derviş – Kara Kitap (Black Book)
 * Alfred Döblin – Wallenstein
 * John Dos Passos – Three Soldiers
 * Hans Fallada – Der junge Goedeschal (Young Goedeschal)
 * F. Scott Fitzgerald – This Side Of Paradise
 * F. Scott Fitzgerald – Flappers and Philosophers
 * Zona Gale – Miss Lulu Bett
 * John Galsworthy
 * In Chancery
 * Awakening
 * Frederic S. Isham – The Nut Cracker
 * Edgar Jepson – The Loudwater Mystery
 * D. H. Lawrence – Women in Love
 * Sinclair Lewis – Main Street
 * David Lindsay – A Voyage to Arcturus
 * Mrs. I. Lowenberg – The Voices
 * Compton Mackenzie – The Vanity Girl
 * E. Phillips Oppenheim – The Great Impersonation
 * Dowell Philip O'Reilly – Five Corners
 * Ernest Pérochon – Nêne
 * Marcel Proust – The Guermantes Way (Le Côté de Guermantes I, first part of vol. 3 of In Search of Lost Time)
 * Erich Remark – The Dream Room (Die Traumbude)
 * Maurice Renard – The Hands of Orlac
 * Merari Siregar – Azab dan Sengsara (Pain and Suffering)
 * Sigrid Undset – Kristin Lavransdatter (begins publication with Kransen – The Bridal Wreath)
 * Edgar Wallace – The Daffodil Mystery
 * Mary Augusta Ward – Harvest
 * Mary Webb – The House in Dormer Forest
 * Edith Wharton – The Age of Innocence
 * Owen Wister – A Straight Deal
 * Zara Wright – Black and White Tangled Threads
 * Francis Brett Young – The Tragic Bride

Children and young people

 * L. Frank Baum – Glinda of Oz
 * Edgar Rice Burroughs – Tarzan the Untamed
 * R. A. H. Goodyear – Forge of Foxenby
 * Hugh Lofting – The Story of Doctor Dolittle
 * Olive Beaupré Miller – In the Nursery (first in the My Book House series)
 * Opal Whiteley – The Story of Opal: The Journal of an Understanding Heart
 * I. C. Vissarion – Ber-Căciulă

Drama

 * S. Ansky – The Dybbuk (first performed, in author's Yiddish translation as דֶער דִבּוּק צִווִישֶן צְווַיי ווֶעלְטֶן, Tzvishn Zwey Weltn – der Dibuk)
 * J. M. Barrie
 * A Kiss For Cinderella
 * Mary Rose
 * Karel Čapek – R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots)
 * Nikolai Evreinov – The Storming of the Winter Palace
 * John Galsworthy – The Skin Game
 * Walter C. Hackett – Mr. Todd's Experiment
 * Georg Kaiser – Gas II
 * Edward Knoblock – Mumsie
 * Vladimir Mayakovsky – The Championship of the Universal Class Struggle
 * Eugene O'Neill – The Emperor Jones
 * Mary Roberts Rinehart and Avery Hopwood – The Bat
 * Ernst Toller – Man and Masses (Masse Mensch)
 * Louis Verneuil – Daniel
 * Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz – They (Oni)

Poetry

 * Louis Aragon – "Feu de joie"
 * Edmund Blunden – The Waggoner and Other Poems
 * Robert Bridges – October and Other Poems
 * T. S. Eliot – Poems (Twelve poems including "Lune de Miel" and "The Hippopotamus")
 * Robert Frost – Miscellaneous Poems
 * Aaro Hellaakoski – Me Kaksi
 * Bolesław Leśmian – Meadow (Łąka)
 * Edna St. Vincent Millay – A Few Figs From Thistles
 * Hope Mirrlees – Paris: A Poem
 * Wilfred Owen – Poems
 * Ezra Pound – Hugh Selwyn Mauberley
 * Carl Sandburg – Smoke and Steel
 * Siegfried Sassoon – Picture Show
 * Barbu Solacolu – Umbre pe drumuri (Shadows on the Roads)
 * Anton Schnack – Tier rang gewaltig mit Tier (Beast Strove Mightily with Beast)
 * Georg Trakl – Der Herbst des Einsamen (The Autumn of the Lonely)
 * Miguel de Unamuno – El Cristo de Velázquez

Non-fiction

 * Sarah Bernhardt – Petite Idole
 * Marc Bloch – Rois et serfs. Un chapitre d'histoire capétienne
 * Communist International – Theses and Statutes of the Third (Communist) International
 * Sigmund Freud – Beyond the Pleasure Principle (Jenseits des Lustprinzips)
 * William Inge – The Idea of Progress
 * Ernst Jünger – Storm of Steel (In Stahlgewittern)
 * Robert T. Kerlin (editor) – The Voice of the Negro
 * J. Thomas Looney – Shakespeare Identified
 * H. L. Mencken – Prejudices: Second Series
 * Harold Monro – Some Contemporary Poets (1920)
 * Joseph Shield Nicholson – The Revival of Marxism, final book
 * Charles à Court Repington – The First World War, 1914–1918
 * Radu Rosetti – Povești moldovenești
 * Frederick Jackson Turner – The Frontier in American History
 * H. G. Wells – The Outline of History
 * Leonard Woolf
 * Economic Imperialism
 * Empire and Commerce in Africa

Births

 * January 2 (probable date) – Isaac Asimov, Russian-born American science-fiction author and biochemist (died 1992)
 * January 7 – Dorothy Maclean, Canadian writer and educator, co-founder of the Findhorn Foundation (died 2020)
 * January 14
 * Jean Dutourd, French novelist (died 2011)
 * Che Lan Vien, Vietnamese poet (died 1989)
 * January 22 – Philippa Pearce, English children's writer (died 2006)
 * January 24 – Keith Douglas, English poet (died 1944)
 * February 1 – Colin Watson, English crime fiction writer (died 1983)
 * February 11 – Daniel F. Galouye, American science-fiction author (died 1976)
 * February 12 – William Roscoe Estep, American historian and educator (died 2000)
 * February 19 – Jaan Kross, Estonian writer (died 2007)
 * February 21 – Ishigaki Rin (石垣 りん), Japanese poet (died 2004)
 * February 28 – Zaim Topčić, Yugoslav and Bosnian writer (died 1990)
 * February 29 – Howard Nemerov, American poet (died 1991)
 * March 10 – Boris Vian, French novelist (died 1959)
 * March 11 – D. J. Enright, English writer (died 2002)
 * March 19 – Kjell Aukrust, Norwegian author, poet and artist (died 2002)
 * March 20 – Rosemary Timperley, British novelist (died 1988)
 * March 25 – Paul Scott, English novelist, playwright and poet (died 1978)
 * March 31 – Marga Minco (Sara Menco), Dutch novelist and journalist (died 2023)
 * April 5 – Arthur Hailey, English-born Canadian novelist (died 2004)
 * April 11 – Marlen Haushofer, Austrian novelist (died 1970)
 * April 17 – Bengt Anderberg, Swedish poet, novelist, children's writer (died 2008)
 * May 8 – Sloan Wilson, American author and poet (died 2003)
 * May 9 – Richard Adams, English novelist, author of Watership Down (died 2016)
 * May 12 – Satya Mohan Joshi, Nepalese writer (died 2022)
 * May 30 – Shōtarō Yasuoka, Japanese writer (died 2013)
 * June 2 – Marcel Reich-Ranicki, Polish-born German literary critic (died 2013)
 * June 8 – Gwen Harwood, Australian poet (died 1995)
 * June 9 – Isobel English (Guesdon Jolliffe), English novelist (died 1994)
 * June 13 – Ruth Guimarães, Afro-Brazilian classicist, fiction writer and poet (died 2014)
 * June 18
 * Aster Berkhof, Belgian novelist (died 2020)
 * Rosemary Dobson, Australian poet (died 2012)
 * June 20 – Amos Tutuola, Nigerian writer (died 1997)
 * July 3 – Max Wilk, American playwright, screenwriter and author of fiction and nonfiction (died 2011)
 * July 12 – Pierre Berton, Canadian author (died 2004)
 * August 3 – P. D. James, English crime novelist (died 2014)
 * August 4 – John Figueroa, Jamaican poet (died 1999)
 * August 9 – Tormod Skagestad, Norwegian poet, novelist and playwright (died 1997)
 * August 16 – Charles Bukowski, American writer (died 1994)
 * August 18 – Harbhajan Singh, Punjabi poet and critic (died 2002)
 * August 21 – Christopher Robin Milne, English writer and bookseller (died 1996)
 * August 22 – Ray Bradbury, American science-fiction writer (died 2012)
 * September 19 – Roger Angell, American fiction writer, editor, and essayist with The New Yorker (died 2022)
 * October 7 – Daniel Vidart, Uruguayan anthropologist, writer, historian, and essayist (died 2019)
 * October 8 – Frank Herbert, American science-fiction writer (died 1986)
 * October 15 – Mario Puzo, American author of The Godfather (died 1999)
 * October 17 – Miguel Delibes, Spanish novelist (died 2010)
 * November 7 – Elaine Morgan, Welsh writer on anthropology (died 2013)
 * November 16
 * Colin Thiele, Australian author (died 2006)
 * Peter Viertel, American author (died 2007)
 * November 23 – Paul Celan, Romanian poet (died 1970)
 * December 3 – Sheila K. McCullagh, English children's writer (died 2014)
 * December 10 – Clarice Lispector, Ukrainian-born Brazilian novelist (died 1977)
 * December 15 – Albert Memmi, Tunisian writer in French (died 2020)
 * December 20 – Väinö Linna, Finnish novelist (died 1992)

Deaths

 * January 2 – Paul Adam, French Symbolist novelist (born 1862)
 * January 4 – Benito Pérez Galdós, Spanish novelist (born 1843)
 * January 9 – Ella Dietz, American actress and author (born 1847)
 * January 18 – Giovanni Capurro, Italian poet (born 1825)
 * February 8 – Richard Dehmel, German poet (born 1863)
 * February 29 – A. H. Bullen, English editor and publisher (born 1857)
 * March 9 – Haralamb Lecca, Romanian dramatist, poet and translator (paralysis, born 1873)
 * March 15 – Edith Holden, English diarist and illustrator (drowned, born 1871)
 * March 24 – Mary Augusta Ward (Mrs. Humphry Ward), Tasmanian-born English novelist (born 1851)
 * April 6 – Mary Evelyn Hitchcock, American author and explorer (born 1849)
 * May 7 – Hugh Thomson, British illustrator (born 1860)
 * May 8 – Annie Russell Wall, American historian, writer, teacher (born 1835)
 * May 11 – William Dean Howells, American realist novelist (born 1837)
 * May 15 – Owen Morgan Edwards, Welsh writer, educator (b. 1858)
 * May 21 – Eleanor H. Porter, American novelist (born 1868)
 * June 5
 * Rhoda Broughton, Welsh novelist and short-story writer (born 1840)
 * Julia A. Moore, American poet (born 1847)
 * June 14 – Max Weber, German political economist (born 1864)
 * June 27 – Adolphe Basile Routhier, Canadian poet (born 1839)
 * September 29 – José Domingo Gómez Rojas, Chilean poet (meningitis, born 1896)
 * October 17 – John Reed, American journalist (born 1887)
 * October 20 – Bithia Mary Croker, Irish-born novelist (born c. 1848)
 * October 25 – Terence MacSwiney, Irish playwright, poet and politician (hunger strike, born 1879)
 * November 1 – Walter Bradford Woodgate, English boating writer and oarsman (born 1841)
 * November 9 – Alberto Blest Gana, Chilean novelist (born 1830)
 * November 19 – Alice E. Bartlett, American author, novelist, essayist, lyricist (born 1848)
 * November 22 – Manuel Pérez y Curis, Uruguayan poet (born 1884)
 * November 24 – Alexandru Macedonski, Romanian poet, novelist and dramatist (heart disease, born 1854)
 * December 16 – Helen Ekin Starrett, American educator, author, suffragist and magazine founder (born 1840)
 * December 18 – Matthías Jochumsson, Icelandic poet, playwright and translator (born 1835)
 * December 24 – Matilda Maranda Crawford, American-Canadian newspaper correspondent, writer, poet (born 1844)

Awards

 * James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction: D. H. Lawrence, The Lost Girl
 * James Tait Black Memorial Prize for biography: G. M. Trevelyan, Lord Grey of the Reform Bill
 * Nobel Prize for Literature: Knut Hamsun
 * Pulitzer Prize for the Novel: no award given
 * Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: no award given
 * Pulitzer Prize for Drama: Eugene O'Neill, Beyond the Horizon

title: 1920 in literature


text:
Philip W. Cook

Philip W. Cook is an American journalist. He is the author of Abused Men – The Hidden Side of Domestic Violence.

Education
He obtained his degree in journalism from the University of Oregon.

Career
Cook focuses his work on domestic violence and family programs. He examines the results of research, the feelings and problems of victims, and the response of the media on the issue. He has been the director of radio stations in Texas and Oregon as well as director of television news stations in Washington and Nevada.

Cook left journalism for a year and became a stay at home dad for his one child. He later returned to work where he was the program director and eventually executive director of PACE Institute For Families in Transition. Here, Cook along with many others, created classes called "Children for Divorce". The class required all divorcing and separating parents with children to attend and taught the parents how to not involve the children in the conflicts, diffuse anger, and improve the children's self-esteem. The classes are now mandatory, for parents divorcing or splitting up, in one-third of Oregon counties.

Awards and honors
Cook has received a number of awards for his reporting from the Associated Press and the Professional Journalism Society. The Radio Television News Directors Association also recognized him as a national scholarship recipient.

Appearances
Cook has appeared on a variety of different national television and radio shows which include: MSNBC, Fox TV's "The Crier Report", "The Sally Jesse Raphael Show", "The Home and Family Show", Westwood Radio Network (Jim Bohannon Show, Dirk Van), and CBS radio. His domestic violence articles have been published in The Employee Assistance Professional "Exchange" Magazine, The Oregonian, Women's Freedom Network Magazine, and many others.

title: Philip W. Cook


text:
Ontology Inference Layer

OIL (Ontology Inference Layer or Ontology Interchange Language) can be regarded as an ontology infrastructure for the Semantic Web. OIL is based on concepts developed in Description Logic (DL) and frame-based systems and is compatible with RDFS.

OIL was developed by Dieter Fensel, Frank van Harmelen (Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam) and Ian Horrocks (University of Manchester) as part of the IST OntoKnowledge project.

Much of the work in OIL was subsequently incorporated into DAML+OIL and the Web Ontology Language (OWL).

title: Ontology Inference Layer