text:
1972 in literature

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1972.

Events

 * May 22 – Cecil Day-Lewis, Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom, dies at Lemmons, the home of novelists Kingsley Amis and Elizabeth Jane Howard in North London, which he has shared with his wife and son – actors Jill Balcon and Daniel Day-Lewis – and at weekends with Kingsley's writer son Martin Amis and others.
 * June 4 – The poet Joseph Brodsky is expelled from the Soviet Union.
 * October 6–7 – The new Staatstheater Darmstadt is opened.
 * October 8 – The play Sizwe Bansi is Dead has its first performance at the Space Theatre (Cape Town), South Africa, before a multiracial audience. Playwright Athol Fugard directs, with co-writers John Kani and Winston Ntshona in lead roles.
 * October 10 – Sir John Betjeman is declared Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom, the first knight ever to be so.
 * "The three Marias", Maria Isabel Barreno, Maria Teresa Horta and Maria Velho da Costa, publish in Lisbon New Portuguese Letters (Novas Cartas Portuguesas), a collection challenging the Estado Novo dictatorship, to immediate success, but banned by censors as "pornographic and an offense to public morals". Its authors are imprisoned for "abuse of freedom of the press" and "outrage to public decency". Only after the 1974 "Carnation Revolution" does their trial end with the authors pardoned and the judge assigning "outstanding literary merit" to the book.
 * unknown date – Somali Latin alphabet is introduced.

Fiction

 * Dritëro Agolli – The Rise and Fall of Comrade Zylo (Shkëlqimi dhe Rënja e Shokut Zylo, published in the magazine Hosteni)
 * Srikrishna Alanahalli – Kaadu
 * Jorge Amado – Teresa Batista Cansada da Guerra (Tereza Batista: Home from the Wars)
 * Eric Ambler – The Levanter
 * Martin Amis – The Rachel Papers
 * Isaac Asimov – The Gods Themselves
 * John Braine – The Queen of a Distant Country
 * Gerald Butler – There Is a Death, Elizabeth
 * Taylor Caldwell – Captains and the Kings
 * Italo Calvino – Invisible Cities (Le città invisibili)
 * John Dickson Carr – The Hungry Goblin: A Victorian Detective Novel
 * Angela Carter – The Infernal Desire Machines of Doctor Hoffman
 * Agatha Christie – Elephants Can Remember
 * Brian Cleeve – Tread Softly in this Place
 * Michael Crichton – The Terminal Man
 * Robertson Davies – The Manticore
 * L. Sprague de Camp and Catherine Crook de Camp, editors – 3000 Years of Fantasy and Science Fiction
 * R. F. Delderfield – To Serve Them All My Days
 * Margaret Drabble, B. S. Johnson and others – London Consequences
 * Frederick Forsyth – The Odessa File
 * Günter Grass – Aus dem Tagebuch einer Schnecke (From the Diary of a Snail)
 * Graham Greene – The Honorary Consul
 * Peter Handke – A Sorrow Beyond Dreams (Wunschloses Unglück)
 * James Herriot – All Creatures Great and Small
 * Georgette Heyer – Lady of Quality
 * George V. Higgins – The Friends of Eddie Coyle
 * Witi Ihimaera – Pounamu Pounamu (short story collection)
 * P. D. James – An Unsuitable Job for a Woman
 * Dan Jenkins – Semi-Tough
 * Thomas Keneally – The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith
 * Carl Jacobi – Disclosures in Scarlet
 * Derek Lambert
 * Blackstone
 * The Red House
 * Halldór Laxness – Guðsgjafaþula (Mantra of God's Gift)
 * Ira Levin – The Stepford Wives
 * Audrey Erskine Lindop – Journey Into Stone
 * Frank Belknap Long – The Rim of the Unknown
 * Robert Ludlum – The Osterman Weekend
 * David McCullough – The Great Bridge
 * John D. MacDonald – The Scarlet Ruse
 * Ngaio Marsh – Tied Up in Tinsel
 * Barry N. Malzberg – Beyond Apollo
 * Vladimir Nabokov – Transparent Things
 * Kenzaburō Ōe (大江 健三郎) – The Day He Himself Shall Wipe My Tears Away (みずから我が涙をぬぐいたまう日, Mizukara Waga Namida o Nugui Tamau Hi)
 * Chaim Potok – My Name Is Asher Lev
 * Josef Škvorecký – The Miracle Game (Mirákl)
 * David Storey – Pasmore
 * Arkady and Boris Strugatsky – Roadside Picnic («Пикник на обочине», Piknik na obochine)
 * Paul Theroux – Saint Jack
 * Hunter S. Thompson – Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas
 * Irving Wallace – The Word

Children and young people

 * Chinua Achebe – How the Leopard Got His Claws
 * Richard Adams – Watership Down
 * E. M. Almedingen – Anna
 * Rev. W. Awdry – Tramway Engines (twenty-sixth in The Railway Series of 42 books by him and his son Christopher Awdry)
 * Roald Dahl – Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator
 * Rumer Godden
 * The Diddakoi (also Gypsy Girl)
 * The Old Woman Who Lived in a Vinegar Bottle
 * Robert E. Howard (with Alicia Austin) – Echoes from an Iron Harp
 * Tove Jansson – The Summer Book
 * Michael de Larrabeiti – The Redwater Raid
 * Ronald McCuaig – Gangles
 * James Marshall – George and Martha (first in a series of seven eponymous books)
 * Helen Nicoll (illustrated by Jan Pieńkowski) – Meg and Mog (first in series)
 * Graham Oakley – The Church Mouse (first in the Church Mice series of twelve books)
 * Bill Peet
 * The Ant and the Elephant
 * Countdown to Christmas
 * Mary Renault – The Persian Boy
 * Marjorie W. Sharmat – Nate the Great
 * Judith Viorst – Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day

Drama

 * Alan Ayckbourn – Absurd Person Singular
 * Samuel Beckett – Not I
 * Bill Bryden – Willie Rough
 * Caryl Churchill – Owners
 * Hanay Geiogamah – Body Indian
 * Eugène Ionesco – Macbett
 * Vijay Tendulkar
 * Ghashiram Kotwal
 * Sakharam Binder

Non-fiction

 * The American Museum of Natural History – An Introduction
 * Jacob Bronowski – The Ascent of Man
 * L. Sprague de Camp
 * Great Cities of the Ancient World
 * with Catherine Crook de Camp – Darwin and His Great Discovery'
 * Carlos Castaneda – Journey to Ixtlan: The Lessons of Don Juan
 * Winston Graham – The Spanish Armadas
 * Bruce Joyce and Marsha Weil – Models of Teaching (first edition)
 * Michael Kammen – People of Paradox: An Inquiry Concerning the Origins of American Civilization
 * Richard Mabey – Food for Free
 * Elaine Morgan – The Descent of Woman
 * Robert Newton Peck – A Day No Pigs Would Die
 * Frances Yates – The Rosicrucian Enlightenment
 * John Howard Yoder – The Politics of Jesus

Births

 * January 1 – Maile Meloy, American novelist and short story writer
 * February 11 – Noboru Yamaguchi (山口 登), Japanese light novelist and game scenario author (died 2013)
 * March 29 - Ernest Cline, American science-fiction novelist and screenwriter
 * May 22 – Max Brooks, American horror author and screenwriter
 * May 27 – Maggie O'Farrell, Northern Ireland-born novelist
 * July 21 – Josué Guébo, Ivorian writer and academic
 * August 6 - Paolo Bacigalupi, American science-fiction and fantasy writer
 * August 18 – Adda Djørup, Danish poet and fiction writer
 * August 26 - Paula Hawkins, British novelist and journalist
 * September 6 – China Miéville, English science fiction novelist
 * September 19
 * Cheryl B (Cheryl Burke), American poet and spoken word artist
 * N. K. Jemisin, American science fiction and fantasy writer
 * November 4 – Yiyun Li (李翊雲), Chinese American writer of fiction in English
 * November 26 - James Dashner, American writer of speculative fiction
 * December 20 – Gen Urobuchi, Japanese novelist and screenwriter
 * unknown dates
 * Shimon Adaf, Israeli poet and novelist
 * Zinnie Harris, British dramatist
 * Rabee Jaber, Lebanese novelist
 * Charlotte Mendelson, English novelist
 * Marente de Moor, Dutch novelist and columnist
 * Ben Rice, English novelist
 * Fran Wilde, American science fiction novelist

Deaths

 * January 1 – Eberhard Wolfgang Möller, German playwright and poet (born 1906)
 * January 7 – John Berryman, American poet (suicide; born 1914)
 * January 8 – Kenneth Patchen, American poet and author (born 1911)
 * January 17 – Betty Smith, American novelist (born 1896)
 * February 2 – Natalie Clifford Barney, American writer and patron (born 1876)
 * February 15 – Edgar Snow, American political writer (cancer, born 1905)
 * March 4 – Richard Church, English poet and novelist (born 1893
 * March 9 – Violet Trefusis, English writer (born 1894)
 * March 11 – Fredric Brown, American genre novelist (born 1906
 * March 14 – Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, Italian publisher (born 1926)
 * April 10 – Laurence Manning, Canadian science fiction author (born 1899)
 * April 16 – Yasunari Kawabata (川端 康成), Japanese fiction writer, Nobel laureate (born 1899)
 * May 22 – Cecil Day-Lewis, Irish-born Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom and (as Nicholas Blake) novelist (born 1904)
 * May 28 – Violette Leduc, French novelist and memoirist (born 1907)
 * June 24 – R. F. Delderfield, English novelist and playwright (born 1912)
 * August 2 – Helen Hoyt (Helen Lyman), American poet (born 1887)
 * August 9 – Ernst von Salomon, German writer (born 1902)
 * August 17 – Alexander Vampilov, Russian dramatist (drowned fishing, born 1937)
 * August 22 – Ernestine Hill, Australian travel writer (born 1899)
 * September 21 – Henry de Montherlant, French novelist, dramatist and essayist (suicide, born 1895)
 * September 27 – S. R. Ranganathan, Indian mathematician and librarian (born 1892)
 * October 5 – Ivan Yefremov, Soviet paleontologist and science fiction author (born 1908)
 * November 1 – Ezra Pound, American poet (born 1885)
 * November 12 – José Nucete Sardi, Venezuelan historian and diplomat (born 1897)
 * November 29 – Victor Bridges (Victor George de Freyne), English genre novelist, playwright and poet (born 1878)
 * December 10 – Mark Van Doren, American poet, writer and critic (born 1894)
 * December 13 – L. P. Hartley, English novelist (born 1895)
 * December 23 – Abraham Joshua Heschel, Polish-born American theologian and rabbi (born 1907)
 * unknown dates
 * Wasif Jawhariyyeh, Palestinian Arab diarist, poet and composer (born 1897)
 * Donar Munteanu, Romanian poet and magistrate (born 1886)

Awards

 * Nobel Prize for Literature: Heinrich Böll

Canada

 * See 1972 Governor General's Awards for a complete list of winners and finalists for those awards.

France

 * Prix Goncourt: Jean Carrière, L'Epervier de Maheux
 * Prix Médicis French: Maurice Clavel, Le Tiers des étoiles

United Kingdom

 * Booker Prize: John Berger, G.
 * Carnegie Medal for children's literature: Richard Adams, Watership Down
 * Cholmondeley Award: Molly Holden, Tom Raworth, Patricia Whittaker
 * Eric Gregory Award: Tony Curtis, Richard Berengarten, Brian Oxley, Andrew Greig, Robin Lee, Paul Muldoon
 * James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction: John Berger, G
 * James Tait Black Memorial Prize for biography: Quentin Bell, Virginia Woolf

United States

 * American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medal for the novel, Eudora Welty
 * Hugo Award: Philip José Farmer, To Your Scattered Bodies Go (1971)
 * National Book Award: Flannery O'Connor, The Complete Stories
 * Nebula Award: Isaac Asimov, The Gods Themselves
 * Newbery Medal for children's literature: Robert C. O'Brien, Mrs. Frisby and the Rats of NIMH
 * Pulitzer Prize for Drama: Not awarded
 * Pulitzer Prize for Fiction: Wallace Stegner – Angle of Repose
 * Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: James Wright, Collected Poems

Elsewhere

 * Miles Franklin Award: Thea Astley, The Acolyte
 * Premio Nadal: José María Carrascal, Groovy
 * Viareggio Prize: Romano Bilenchi, Il bottone di Stalingrado

title: 1972 in literature


text:
1971 in literature

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1971.

Events

 * March 25–December 14 – The 1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals reaches a peak.
 * April 21 – The 13th-century Codex Regius manuscript is returned by Denmark to Iceland under naval escort.
 * June 30 – Release of musical film Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory in the United States, based on Roald Dahl's 1964 children's novel Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. Although Dahl is credited for the screenplay, creative differences with the production team cause him to disown the picture.
 * July 4 – Michael S. Hart posts the first e-book, a copy of the United States Declaration of Independence, on the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign's mainframe computer, as the origin of Project Gutenberg.
 * July 14 – Simon Gray's play Butley has its first performance at the Criterion Theatre in London, produced by Michael Codron and directed by Harold Pinter, with Alan Bates in the lead.
 * October 20 – The Destiny Waltz by Gerda Charles wins the U.K.'s first Whitbread Novel of the Year Award. Geoffrey Hill wins the poetry prize for Mercian Hymns and Michael Meyer the biography category for Henrik Ibsen.
 * November – Hunter S. Thompson's roman à clef Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas: A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream is first published in Rolling Stone, as a two-part article illustrated by Ralph Steadman.
 * November 29 – Yuri Lyubimov's production of Hamlet is seen first at the Taganka Theatre in Moscow, with singer-songwriter and poet Vladimir Vysotsky in the lead.
 * December 24 – The Dutch writer and broadcaster Godfried Bomans is buried in the Sint-Adelbertskerkhof (St. Adelbert Cemetery) in Bloemendaal, the Netherlands, two days after he dies from a heart attack.
 * unknown date – Powell's Books opens its first bookstore in Portland, Oregon.

Fiction

 * Kingsley Amis – Girl, 20
 * Hiroshi Aramata (荒俣 宏) – Teito Monogatari (Tale of the Capitol)
 * Kofi Awoonor – This Earth, My Brother
 * Denys Val Baker – The Face in the Mirror
 * Nanni Balestrini – Vogliamo tutto (We Want Everything)
 * John Bingham – Vulture in the Sun
 * William Peter Blatty – The Exorcist
 * Richard Brautigan – Revenge of the Lawn
 * Charles Bukowski – Post Office
 * Albert Camus (died 1960) – A Happy Death (La Mort heureuse)
 * Victor Canning – Firecrest
 * John Dickson Carr – Deadly Hall
 * Agatha Christie
 * Nemesis
 * The Golden Ball and Other Stories
 * Brian Cleeve – Cry of Morning
 * Miloš Crnjanski – Roman o Londonu (A Novel about London)
 * Gwen Davis – Touching
 * L. Sprague de Camp – The Clocks of Iraz
 * L. Sprague de Camp and Lin Carter – Conan the Buccaneer
 * Walter de la Mare – Eight Tales
 * August Derleth, editor – Dark Things
 * E. L. Doctorow – The Book of Daniel
 * Hubert Fichte – Detlevs Imitationen »Grünspan« (Detlev's imitations, "verdigris")
 * E. M. Forster (died 1970) – Maurice (originally completed 1914)
 * Frederick Forsyth – The Day of the Jackal
 * Dick Francis – Bonecrack
 * Sarah Gainham – Private Worlds
 * Ernest J. Gaines – The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman
 * George Garrett – Death of the Fox
 * John Gardner – Grendel
 * William Golding – The Scorpion God
 * Richard Gordon – The Medical Witness
 * Arthur Hailey – Wheels
 * L.P. Hartley – The Harness Room
 * Bohumil Hrabal – I Served the King of England (Obsluhoval jsem anglického krále)
 * David Ireland – The Unknown Industrial Prisoner
 * Ismail Kadare – Chronicle in Stone (Kronikë në gur)
 * Anna Kavan – A Scarcity of Love
 * Thomas Keneally – The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith
 * Jerzy Kosinski – Being There
 * Jacques Laurent – Les Bêtises
 * John le Carré – The Naive and Sentimental Lover
 * Ursula K. Le Guin – The Lathe of Heaven
 * Stanisław Lem
 * The Star Diaries (Dzienniki gwiazdowe)
 * The Futurological Congress (Kongres futurologiczny)
 * Brian Lumley – The Caller of the Black
 * John D. MacDonald – A Tan and Sandy Silence
 * Antonine Maillet – La Sagouine
 * Ruth Manning-Sanders – A Choice of Magic
 * James A. Michener – The Drifters
 * Gladys Mitchell – Lament for Leto
 * Nicholas Mosley – Natalie Natalia
 * Alice Munro – Lives of Girls and Women
 * Iris Murdoch – An Accidental Man
 * V. S. Naipaul – In a Free State
 * William F. Nolan – Space for Hire
 * Flannery O'Connor (died 1964) – The Complete Stories (collection)
 * Walker Percy – Love in the Ruins
 * Rosamunde Pilcher – The End of Summer
 * Anthony Powell – Books Do Furnish a Room
 * Terry Pratchett – The Carpet People
 * Otfried Preußler – Krabat
 * Joao Ubaldo Ribeiro – Sergeant Getulio
 * Mordecai Richler – St. Urbain's Horseman
 * Harold Robbins – The Betsy
 * Leonardo Sciascia – Il contesto
 * Paul Scott – The Towers of Silence (third part of The Raj Quartet)
 * Hubert Selby Jr. – The Room
 * Cynthia Propper Seton – The Sea Change of Angela Lewes
 * Tom Sharpe – Riotous Assembly
 * Alexander Solzhenitsyn – August 1914
 * Wallace Stegner – Angle of Repose
 * Irving Stone – The Passions of the Mind
 * Francis Stuart – Black List, Section H
 * Gay Talese – Honor Thy Father
 * Tom Tryon – The Other
 * Fred Uhlman – Reunion
 * John Updike – Rabbit Redux
 * Joseph Wambaugh – The New Centurions
 * Herman Wouk – The Winds of War
 * Roger Zelazny
 * The Doors of His Face, The Lamps of His Mouth, and Other Stories
 * Jack of Shadows

Children and young people

 * Gillian Avery – A Likely Lad
 * Jack Bickham – The Apple Dumpling Gang
 * Virginia Hamilton – The Planet of Junior Brown
 * Roger Hargreaves – Mr. Men (first six of a series of 49 books)
 * Judith Kerr – When Hitler Stole Pink Rabbit (first of the Out of the Hitler Time trilogy)
 * Bill Peet
 * The Caboose Who Got Loose
 * How Droofus the Dragon Lost His Head
 * Otfried Preußler – Krabat (The Satanic Mill)
 * Dr. Seuss – The Lorax
 * Marjorie W. Sharmat – Getting Something on Maggie Marmelstein

Drama

 * Dario Fo – Tutti uniti! Tutti insieme! Ma scusa, quello non è il padrone? (United We Stand! All Together Now! Oops, Isn't That the Boss?)
 * Simon Gray – Butley
 * Peter Handke – Der Ritt über den Bodensee (The Ride across Lake Constance)
 * Franz Xaver Kroetz
 * Hartnäckig (Persistent)
 * Heimarbeit (Housework)
 * Michis Blut: ein Requiem auf bairisch (Michi's Blood: a Requiem in Bavarian)
 * Stallerhof
 * Wildwechsel
 * Mustapha Matura – As Time Goes By
 * John Mortimer – A Voyage Round My Father (stage version)
 * Martin Walser – Ein Kinderspiel

Poetry

 * Maya Angelou – Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water 'fore I Diiie
 * Kofi Awoonor – Night of My Blood
 * Donald S. Fryer – Songs and Sonnets Atlantean
 * Alan Llwyd – Y March Hud (The Magic Horse)
 * Clark Ashton Smith – Selected Poems

Non-fiction

 * G. E. M. Anscombe – Causality and Determination
 * Pierre Berton – The Last Spike
 * Carlos Castaneda – A Separate Reality: Further Conversations with Don Juan
 * Dharampal – Indian Science and Technology in the Eighteenth Century: Some Contemporary European Accounts
 * Robert Coles
 * Migrants, Sharecroppers, Mountaineers, vol. 2 of Children of Crisis
 * The South Goes North, vol 3. of Children of Crisis
 * Carl N. Degler – Neither Black nor White
 * Brian J. Ford – Nonscience
 * Robert Foster – The Complete Guide to Middle-earth
 * Eduardo Galeano – Open Veins of Latin America (Las venas abiertas de América Latina)
 * Joan Garrity – The Sensuous Woman
 * Ionel Gherea – Despre cîteva absurdități folositoare (On Those More Useful Absurdities)
 * Graham Greene – A Sort of Life
 * Xaviera Hollander – The Happy Hooker: My Own Story
 * H. P. Lovecraft – Selected Letters III (1929–1931)
 * Roger Manvell and Heinrich Fraenkel – Hess: A Biography
 * Spike Milligan – Adolf Hitler: My Part in His Downfall
 * Alison Plowden – Young Elizabeth
 * John Rawls – A Theory of Justice
 * B. F. Skinner – Beyond Freedom and Dignity
 * Keith Thomas – Religion and the Decline of Magic: Studies in Popular Beliefs in 16th and 17th-century England
 * Pierre Vallières – White Niggers of America (translation)
 * Esther Vilar – The Manipulated Man

Births

 * January 6 – Karin Slaughter, American crime novelist
 * January 16 – Helen Darville, Australian novelist
 * January 18 – Binyavanga Wainaina, Kenyan writer (died 2019)
 * January 25 – Philip Coppens, Belgian journalist and author (died 2012)
 * February 3 – Sarah Kane, English playwright (suicide 1999)
 * March 13 – Viet Thanh Nguyen, Vietnamese fiction writer
 * March 29 – José Luis Rodríguez Pittí, Panamanian writer and photographer
 * May 9 – Dan Chiasson, American poet, critic and journalist
 * May 25 - Nicole Luiken, Canadian science fiction writer
 * June 4 – Karl Martin Sinijärv, Estonian journalist and poet
 * June 28 – Sophie Hannah, English poet and novelist
 * July 17 – Cory Doctorow, Canadian science fiction writer
 * July 22 – Akhil Sharma, Indian novelist
 * July 23 – Mohsin Hamid, Pakistani fiction writer
 * September 3 – Kiran Desai, Indian novelist
 * October 17 - Patrick Ness, British-American speculative fiction author
 * October 25 – Elif Shafak (Elif Şafak), French-born Turkish novelist
 * November 5 – Rana Dasgupta, English-born Indian novelist
 * December 19 – Tristan Egolf, American novelist and activist (died 2005)
 * unknown dates
 * Petina Gappah, Zambian-born fiction writer
 * John Wray, American novelist

Deaths

 * January 18 – N. Porsenna, Romanian novelist, essayist, poet and social psychologist (Parkinson's disease, born 1892)
 * January 24 – St. John Greer Ervine, Irish-born dramatist (born 1883)
 * March 5 – Allan Nevins, American journalist and historian (born 1890)
 * March 7 – Stevie Smith (Florence Margaret Smith), English poet and novelist (born 1902)
 * March 21 – Kyūya Fukada (深田 久弥), Japanese writer and mountaineer (born 1903)
 * March 23 – Simon Vestdijk, Dutch writer (born 1898)
 * April 10 – André Billy, French novelist (born 1882)
 * April 13 – Juhan Smuul, Estonian writer (born 1922)
 * April 15 – Friedebert Tuglas, Estonian writer and critic (born 1886)
 * May 19 – Ogden Nash, American poet and humorist (born 1902)
 * May 20 – Waldo Williams, Welsh-language poet (born 1904)
 * June 1 – Reinhold Niebuhr, American theologian (born 1892)
 * June 4 – György Lukács (György Bernát Löwinger), Hungarian philosopher and critic (born 1885)
 * June 5 – Clifford Dyment, English poet (born 1914)
 * June 6 – Edward Andrade, English writer, poet and physicist (born 1887)
 * July 4
 * Maurice Bowra, English poet, humorist and Oxford don (born 1898)
 * August Derleth, American writer and anthologist (heart attack, born 1909)
 * July 7 – Claude Gauvreau, Québécois Canadian poet and dramatist (born 1925)
 * July 27 – Jacques Lusseyran, French author and Resistance fighter (car crash, born 1924)
 * August 30 – Peter Fleming, English travel writer and traveller (born 1907)
 * October 13 – János Kemény, American-born Hungarian writer and editor (born 1903)
 * October 21 – Naoya Shiga, Japanese novelist (pneumonia, born 1883)
 * October 25 – Philip Wylie, American novelist and non-fiction writer (born 1902)
 * November – Lucia Mantu, Romanian writer (born 1888)
 * November 1 – Gertrud von Le Fort, German novelist, poet and essayist (born 1876)
 * November 10 – Walter Van Tilburg Clark, American novelist (cancer, born 1909)
 * November 11 – A. P. Herbert, English humorist, novelist and politician (born 1890)
 * November 28 – Dimitrie Stelaru (Dumitru Petrescu), Romanian poet and novelist (cirrhosis, born 1917)
 * November 29 – Edith Tolkien (née Bratt), English wife of J. R. R. Tolkien (born 1889)
 * December 5 – Gaito Gazdanov, Russian-born novelist (born 1903)
 * December 22 – Godfried Bomans, Dutch writer and broadcaster (heart attack, born 1913)
 * December 25 – S. Foster Damon, American critic and poet (born 1893)

Awards

 * Nobel Prize for Literature: Pablo Neruda

Canada

 * See 1971 Governor General's Awards for complete list.

France

 * Prix Goncourt: Jacques Laurent, Les Bêtises
 * Prix Médicis: Pascal Lainé, L'Irrévolution

United Kingdom

 * Booker Prize: V. S. Naipaul, In a Free State
 * Carnegie Medal for children's literature: Ivan Southall, Josh
 * Cholmondeley Award: Charles Causley, Gavin Ewart, Hugo Williams
 * Eric Gregory Award: Martin Booth, Florence Bull, John Pook, D. M. Warman, John Welch
 * James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction: Nadine Gordimer, A Guest of Honour
 * James Tait Black Memorial Prize for biography: Julia Namier, Lewis Namier
 * Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry: Stephen Spender

United States

 * Frost Medal: Melville Cane
 * Hugo Award: Larry Niven, Ringworld
 * Nebula Award: Robert Silverberg, A Time of Changes
 * Newbery Medal for children's literature: Betsy Byars, Summer of the Swans
 * Pulitzer Prize for Drama: Paul Zindel, The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds
 * Pulitzer Prize for Fiction: no award given
 * Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: William S. Merwin, The Carrier of Ladders

Elsewhere

 * Akutagawa Prize: Azuma Mineo, Okinawan Boy
 * Miles Franklin Award: David Ireland, The Unknown Industrial Prisoner
 * Alfaguara Prize: Luis Berenguer, Leña verde
 * Premio Nadal: José María Requena, El cuajarón
 * Viareggio Prize: Ugo Attardi, L'erede selvaggio

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 1971 in literature


text:
1970 in literature

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1970.

Events

 * January 16 – The Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus opens with a performance of Georg Büchner's Dantons Tod.
 * March – Magdalena Mouján's story "Gu ta Gutarrak" ("We and Ours") in Basque is suppressed by the authorities in Francoist Spain.
 * June 10 – The English novelist Anthony Burgess delivers an inflammatory lecture, "Obscenity and the Arts", at the University of Malta; its reception leads to him leaving Malta. He has begun a novel that will become Earthly Powers (1980).
 * June 17 – The première of David Storey's play Home at the Royal Court Theatre, London, is directed by Lindsay Anderson and stars Sir John Gielgud and Sir Ralph Richardson.
 * July 7 – The English publisher Sir Allen Lane dies age 67 having suffered cancer. On August 21 his paperback imprint Penguin Books is acquired by Pearson.
 * August 27 – England's Royal Shakespeare Company introduces a revolutionary production of Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream directed by Peter Brook, at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon.
 * November 20 – The playwright Fadil Paçrami becomes Chairman of the Parliament of Albania.
 * November 25 – In Tokyo, the Japanese author and Tatenokai militia leader Yukio Mishima (三島由紀夫, 45) and others take over the headquarters of the Japan Self-Defense Forces in an attempted coup d'état. Mishima commits seppuku (public ritual suicide) when he fails to sway the public to his right-wing politics, which include restoring the powers of the Emperor.
 * December 5 – Dario Fo premières his play Accidental Death of an Anarchist (Morte accidentale di un anarchico) at Varese in Italy.
 * unknown dates
 * Len Deighton's Bomber, set in 1943, becomes the first published novel to have been written on a word processor, an IBM MT/ST.
 * The novel Deliverance by the American poet James Dickey is published; it will go on to be named among the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century by an editorial board of the American Modern Library.
 * An unexpurgated edition of John Cleland's Fanny Hill (Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure, 1748–1749) appears in the U.K. without legal challenge.
 * Bohumil Hrabal's books Domácí úkoly (Home Work) and Poupata (Buds) are suppressed by the communist authorities in Czechoslovakia.

Fiction

 * Dritëro Agolli – Komisari Memo (Commissar Memo)
 * Poul Anderson – Tau Zero
 * Abdelhamid ben Hadouga - The South Wind (novel)
 * Thomas Berger – Vital Parts
 * Thomas Bernhard – The Lime Works (Das Kalkwerk)
 * Melvyn Bragg – A Place in England
 * John Braine – Stay with Me Till Morning
 * Wallace Breem – Eagle in the Snow
 * Jimmy Breslin – The Gang That Couldn't Shoot Straight
 * Taylor Caldwell – Great Lion of God
 * John Dickson Carr – The Ghosts' High Noon
 * Agatha Christie – Passenger to Frankfurt
 * Robertson Davies – Fifth Business
 * L. Sprague de Camp
 * The Reluctant Shaman and Other Fantastic Tales
 * Warlocks and Warriors (ed.)
 * Samuel R. Delany – The Fall of the Towers (trilogy)
 * Michel Déon – Les Poneys sauvages
 * James Dickey – Deliverance
 * José Donoso – The Obscene Bird of Night (El obsceno pájaro de la noche)
 * Lawrence Durrell – Nunquam
 * Vincent Eri – The Crocodile
 * Nuruddin Farah – From a Crooked Rib
 * J. G. Farrell – Troubles
 * Juan Goytisolo – Count Julian (Reivindicación del conde don Julián)
 * L.P. Hartley – My Sisters' Keeper
 * Anne Hébert – Kamouraska
 * Ernest Hemingway – Islands in the Stream
 * Susan Hill – I'm the King of the Castle
 * Pamela Hansford Johnson – The Honours Board
 * Anna Kavan – Julia and the Bazooka
 * Jaan Kross – Between Three Plagues (part 1)
 * Halldór Laxness – Innansveitarkronika
 * Ira Levin – This Perfect Day
 * Mario Levrero – La ciudad
 * H. P. Lovecraft – The Horror in the Museum and Other Revisions
 * Peter Lovesey – Wobble to Death
 * John D. MacDonald – The Long Lavender Look
 * Eric Malpass – Oh My Darling Daughter
 * Ngaio Marsh – When in Rome
 * Yukio Mishima (三島由紀夫) – The Decay of the Angel (天人五衰, Tennin Gosui; last in The Sea of Fertility tetralogy)
 * Brian Moore – Fergus
 * Toni Morrison – The Bluest Eye
 * Mitiarjuk Nappaaluk – Harpoon of the Hunter (ᐊᖑᓇᓱᑦᑎᐅᑉ ᓇᐅᒃᑯᑎᖓ)
 * Larry Niven – Ringworld
 * John Jay Osborn, Jr. – The Paper Chase
 * Abel Posse – Los bogavantes
 * Mary Renault – Fire from Heaven
 * Kurban Said – Ali and Nino
 * Erich Segal – Love Story
 * Sidney Sheldon – The Naked Face
 * Clark Ashton Smith – Other Dimensions
 * Manuel Scorza – Drums for Rancas
 * Muriel Spark – The Driver's Seat
 * Mary Stewart – The Crystal Cave
 * Alan Sillitoe – A Start in Life
 * Leon Uris – QB VII
 * Jack Vance – The Pnume
 * Gore Vidal – Two Sisters
 * Patrick White – The Vivisector
 * Venedikt Yerofeyev – Moscow-Petushki (Moscow to the End of the Line; samizdat publication)
 * Roger Zelazny – Nine Princes in Amber

Children and young people

 * Lloyd Alexander – The Marvelous Misadventures of Sebastian
 * Rev. W. Awdry – Duke the lost Engine (twenty-fifth in The Railway Series of 42 books by him and his son Christopher Awdry)
 * Richard Bach – Jonathan Livingston Seagull
 * Nina Bawden – The Birds on the Trees
 * Judy Blume – Are You There, God? It's Me, Margaret
 * John Burningham – Mr Gumpy's Outing
 * Betsy Byars – Summer of the Swans
 * John Christopher (Sam Youd) – The Guardians (science fiction)
 * Roald Dahl – Fantastic Mr Fox
 * Leon Garfield and Edward Blishen – The God Beneath the Sea
 * Judith Kerr – Mog the Forgetful Cat (first in the Mog series of 17 books)
 * Ruth Manning-Sanders – A Book of Devils and Demons
 * Dr. Seuss – Mr. Brown Can Moo! Can You?
 * Ruth Park
 * The Muddle-Headed Wombat in the Springtime
 * The Muddle-Headed Wombat on the River
 * Bill Peet
 * The Whingdingdilly
 * The Wump World
 * Maurice Sendak – In the Night Kitchen
 * Isaac Bashevis Singer – A Day of Pleasure: Stories of a Boy Growing Up in Warsaw
 * E. B. White – The Trumpet Of The Swan
 * Annette Tison and Talus Taylor - Barbapapa

Drama

 * Ama Ata Aidoo – Anowa
 * Robert Bolt – Vivat! Vivat Regina!
 * Dario Fo – Accidental Death of an Anarchist
 * Michael Frayn – The Two of Us (4 1-act plays)
 * Trevor Griffiths – Occupations
 * Christopher Hampton – The Philanthropist
 * Lorraine Hansberry – Les Blancs
 * Welcome Msomi – uMabatha
 * Terence Rattigan – A Bequest to the Nation
 * Anthony Shaffer – Sleuth
 * Alexander Vampilov – Duck Hunting («Утиная охота», Utinaya okhota, published; first performed 1976)
 * Derek Walcott – Dream on Monkey Mountain

Poetry

 * L. Sprague de Camp – Demons and Dinosaurs
 * Ted Hughes – Crow

Non-fiction

 * Theodor W. Adorno (posthumously) – Aesthetic Theory (Asthetische Theorie)
 * Hannah Arendt – On Violence
 * Roland Barthes – S/Z
 * Pierre Berton – The National Dream
 * Jim Bouton – Ball Four
 * Dee Brown – Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee
 * James MacGregor Burns – Roosevelt: The Soldier Of Freedom
 * Henri Charrière – Papillon
 * Elizabeth David – Spices, Salt and Aromatics in the English Kitchen
 * Edward De Bono – Lateral Thinking: creativity step by step
 * August Derleth – Thirty Years of Arkham House, 1939-1969: A History and Bibliography
 * Michel Foucault – Les Mots et les choses: Une archéologie des sciences humaines (The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences)
 * Germaine Greer – The Female Eunuch
 * Helene Hanff – 84 Charing Cross Road
 * Arthur Janov – The Primal Scream
 * Uwe Johnson – Anniversaries. From the Life of Gesine Cresspahl (Jahrestage: Aus dem Leben von Gesine Cresspahl; begins publication)
 * Christopher Lloyd – The Well-Tempered Garden
 * Norman Mailer – Of a Fire on the Moon
 * Dumas Malone – Jefferson the President: First Term, 1801-1805
 * Mahathir Mohamad – The Malay Dilemma
 * Kate Millett – Sexual Politics
 * Nancy Mitford – Frederick the Great
 * Robin Morgan (ed.) – Sisterhood Is Powerful: An Anthology of Writings from the Women's Liberation Movement
 * Harold Perkin – The Age of the Railway
 * J. B. Priestley – The Edwardians
 * Albert Speer – Inside the Third Reich
 * Alvin Toffler – Future Shock

Births

 * January 25 – Stephen Chbosky, American novelist and screenwriter
 * February 28 – Daniel Handler, American novelist
 * March 6 – Simona Vinci, Italian fiction writer
 * March 12 – Dave Eggers, American writer, editor and publisher
 * March 20 – Michele Jaffe, American author
 * March 26 – Martin McDonagh, British-born Irish playwright
 * May 20 – Dorthe Nors, Danish fiction writer
 * May 26 – Alex Garland, English novelist
 * June 6 – Sarah Dessen, American novelist
 * July 22 – Doug Johnstone, Scottish crime fiction writer
 * August 27 - Ann Aguirre, American speculative fiction writer
 * September 10 – Phaswane Mpe, South African novelist (died 2004)
 * September 16 – Nick Sagan, American novelist and screenwriter
 * October 27 – Jonathan Stroud, English fantasy writer
 * November 7 – Chris Adrian, American novelist
 * November 24 – Marlon James, Jamaican novelist
 * November 27 – Han Kang, South Korean novelist
 * December 21 – Mohamedou Ould Salahi, Mauritanian author and former Guantánamo detainee
 * unknown dates
 * Raja'a Alem, Saudi Arabian writer
 * Roberta Dapunt, Italian poet
 * Nathan Englander, American novelist and short story writer
 * Neel Mukherjee, Indian novelist
 * Faruk Šehić, Bosnian poet and fiction writer

Deaths

 * January 10 – Charles Olson, American modernist poet (liver cancer, born 1910)
 * January 29 – B. H. Liddell Hart, English military historian (born 1895)
 * February 2 – Bertrand Russell, English philosopher (born 1872)
 * February 4 – Louise Bogan, American poet (born 1897)
 * February 20 – Sophie Treadwell, American dramatist and journalist (born 1885)
 * February 21 – Johannes Semper, Estonian writer, translator and politician (born 1892)
 * March 11 – Erle Stanley Gardner, American writer (born 1889)
 * March 15 – Arthur Adamov, Russian-French playwright (born 1908)
 * March 21 – Marlen Haushofer, Austrian novelist (born 1920)
 * March 29 – Vera Brittain, English novelist, memoirist and poet (born 1893)
 * April 11 – John O'Hara, American novelist (cardiovascular disease, born 1905)
 * May 7 – Jack Jones, Welsh novelist (born 1884)
 * May 12 – Nelly Sachs, Jewish German poet and dramatist (born 1891)
 * June 2 – Giuseppe Ungaretti, Italian modernist poet and writer (born 1888)
 * June 3 – Ruth Sawyer, American children's writer and novelist (born 1880)
 * June 7 – E. M. Forster, English novelist (born 1879)
 * June 16 – Elsa Triolet, French novelist (born 1896)
 * July 7 – Allen Lane, English publisher (born 1902)
 * July 15 – Eric Berne, Canadian-born psychiatrist and author (heart attack, born 1910)
 * September 1 – François Mauriac, French novelist (born 1885)
 * September 25 – Erich Maria Remarque, German novelist (All Quiet On The Western Front) (born 1898)
 * September 28 – John Dos Passos, American novelist (born 1896)
 * October 18 – Máirtín Ó Cadhain, Irish language writer (born 1906)
 * November 23 – Alf Prøysen, Norwegian author, musician and children's writer (born 1914)
 * November 25 – Yukio Mishima (三島 由紀夫), Japanese author (seppuku, born 1925)
 * unknown date – Racey Helps, English children's author and illustrator (born 1913)

Awards

 * Nobel Prize for Literature: Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Canada

 * See 1970 Governor General's Awards for a complete list of winners and finalists for those awards.

France

 * Prix Goncourt: Michel Tournier, Le Roi des Aulnes
 * Prix Médicis French: Camille Bourniquel, Sélinonte ou la Chambre impériale
 * Prix Médicis International: Luigi Malerba, Saut de la mort

United Kingdom

 * Booker Prize: Bernice Rubens, The Elected Member
 * Carnegie Medal for children's literature: Leon Garfield and Edward Blishen, The God Beneath the Sea
 * Cholmondeley Award: Kathleen Raine, Douglas Livingstone, Edward Brathwaite
 * Eric Gregory Award: Helen Frye, Paul Mills, John Mole, Brian Morse, Alan Perry, Richard Tibbitts
 * James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction: Lily Powell, The Bird of Paradise
 * James Tait Black Memorial Prize for biography: Jasper Ridley, Lord Palmerston
 * Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry: Roy Fuller

United States

 * Hugo Award: Ursula K. Le Guin, The Left Hand of Darkness
 * Nebula Award: Larry Niven, Ringworld
 * Newbery Medal for children's literature: William H. Armstrong, Sounder
 * Pulitzer Prize for Drama: Charles Gordone, No Place To Be Somebody
 * Pulitzer Prize for Fiction: Jean Stafford, Collected Stories
 * Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: Richard Howard, Untitled Subjects

Elsewhere

 * Miles Franklin Award: Dal Stivens, A Horse of Air
 * Alfaguara Prize: Carlos Droguett, Todas esas muertes
 * Premio Nadal: Jesús Fernández Santos, Libro de las memorias de las cosas
 * Viareggio Prize: Nello Saito, Dentro e fuori

title: 1970 in literature


text:
1969 in literature

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1969.

Events

 * February 8 – After 147 years, the last issue of The Saturday Evening Post in its original form appears in the United States.
 * March 23 – German-born writer Assia Wevill, a mistress of the English poet Ted Hughes and ex-wife of the Canadian poet David Wevill, gasses herself and their daughter at her London home.
 * April 22 – The first Booker-McConnell Prize for fiction is awarded to P. H. Newby for Something to Answer For.
 * August – "Penelope Ashe", purported author of a bestselling novel, Naked Came the Stranger, is revealed as a group of Newsday journalists.
 * unknown date – The Times Literary Supplement begins using the abbreviation "TLS" on its title page.

Fiction

 * Eva Alexanderson – Kontradans (Counter-dance)
 * Eric Ambler – The Intercom Conspiracy
 * Jorge Amado – Tenda dos Milagres (Tent of Miracles)
 * Kingsley Amis – The Green Man
 * William H. Armstrong – Sounder
 * Penelope Ashe – Naked Came the Stranger
 * Margaret Atwood – The Edible Woman
 * René Barjavel – Les Chemins de Katmandou
 * Ray Bradbury – I Sing the Body Electric
 * Melvyn Bragg – The Hired Man
 * Christianna Brand – Court of Foxes
 * William S. Burroughs – The Last Words of Dutch Schultz
 * Victor Canning – Queen's Pawn
 * Louis-Ferdinand Céline – Rigadoon
 * Agatha Christie – Hallowe'en Party
 * Michael Crichton – The Andromeda Strain
 * John Cheever – Bullet Park
 * A. J. Cronin – A Pocketful of Rye
 * Henry de Montherlant – Les Garçons (The Boys)
 * L. Sprague de Camp – The Golden Wind
 * Philip K. Dick – Ubik
 * Marion Eames – Y Stafell Ddirgel (The Secret Room)
 * John Fowles – The French Lieutenant's Woman
 * George MacDonald Fraser – Flashman
 * Sarah Gainham – A Place in the Country
 * Paul Gallico – The Poseidon Adventure
 * Graham Greene – Travels with My Aunt
 * Sam Greenlee – The Spook Who Sat by the Door
 * Günter Grass – Local Anaesthetic (Örtlich betäubt)
 * Frank Herbert – Dune Messiah
 * Raymond Hitchcock – Percy
 * Robert E. Howard, L. Sprague de Camp and Lin Carter – Conan of Cimmeria
 * B. S. Johnson – The Unfortunates
 * David H. Keller – The Folsom Flint and Other Curious Tales
 * Derek Lambert
 * Angels in the Snow
 * The Kites of War
 * Ursula Le Guin – The Left Hand of Darkness
 * Elmore Leonard – The Big Bounce
 * Doris Lessing – The Four-Gated City
 * H. P. Lovecraft and Others – Tales of the Cthulhu Mythos
 * John D. MacDonald – Dress Her in Indigo
 * Félicien Marceau – Creezy
 * Yukio Mishima (三島 由紀夫) – Runaway Horses
 * Michael Moorcock – Behold the Man
 * C. L. Moore – Jirel of Joiry
 * Vladimir Nabokov – Ada or Ardor: A Family Chronicle
 * M. T. Vasudevan Nair – Kaalam ("Time")
 * Patrick O'Brian – Master and Commander
 * Don Pendleton – War Against The Mafia
 * Chaim Potok – The Promise
 * Manuel Puig – Little Painted Mouths
 * Mario Puzo – The Godfather
 * Ellery Queen – The Campus Murders
 * Pauline Réage – Retour à Roissy
 * Mordecai Richler – The Street
 * Harold Robbins – The Inheritors
 * Philip Roth – Portnoy's Complaint
 * Gabriel Ruhumbika – Village in Uhuru
 * Giorgio Scerbanenco
 * I milanesi ammazzano al sabato
 * Milano calibro 9
 * Irwin Shaw – Rich Man, Poor Man
 * Dag Solstad – Irr! Grønt!
 * Rex Stout – Death of a Dude
 * Jacqueline Susann – The Love Machine
 * Theodore Taylor – The Cay
 * Colin Thiele – Blue Fin
 * Jack Vance
 * The Dirdir
 * Emphyrio
 * Servants of the Wankh
 * Mario Vargas Llosa – Conversation in the Cathedral
 * Kurt Vonnegut – Slaughterhouse-Five
 * Charity Waciuma – Daughter of Mumbi
 * Irving Wallace – The Seven Minutes
 * Keith Waterhouse – Everything Must Go
 * Colin Wilson – The Philosopher's Stone
 * Roger Zelazny
 * Creatures of Light and Darkness
 * Damnation Alley
 * Isle of the Dead

Children and young people

 * Rev. W. Awdry – Oliver the Western Engine (twenty-fourth in The Railway Series of 42 books by him and his son Christopher Awdry)
 * Eric Carle – The Very Hungry Caterpillar
 * Frances Carpenter – South American Wonder Tales
 * Penelope Farmer – Charlotte Sometimes
 * Rumer Godden – Operation Sippacik
 * Ruth Park – The Muddle-Headed Wombat on a Rainy Day
 * Gary Paulsen – Mr. Tucket (first in Mr. Tucket series)
 * Bill Peet – Fly Homer Fly
 * Barbara Sleigh – The Snowball
 * William Steig – Sylvester and the Magic Pebble
 * John Rowe Townsend – The Intruder
 * Elfrida Vipont with Raymond Briggs – The Elephant and the Bad Baby
 * Anne de Vries – Into the Darkness (first in the Reis door de nacht series of five books)

Drama

 * Leilah Assunção – Fala Baixo Senão Eu Grito (Speak Quietly or I’ll Scream)
 * Aimé Césaire – Une Tempête
 * Dario Fo – Mistero Buffo
 * Athol Fugard – Boesman and Lena
 * Joe Orton – What the Butler Saw (posthumously premiered and published)
 * Michael Pertwee – She's Done It Again
 * Dennis Potter – Son of Man (television)
 * Dalmiro Sáenz – Quién yo? (Who me?)
 * David Storey – In Celebration
 * Paul Zindel – Let Me Hear You Whisper

Poetry

 * James Schuyler – Freely Espousing

Non-fiction

 * Dean Acheson – Present at the Creation: My Years in the State Department
 * Maya Angelou – I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings
 * Fernand Braudel – Ecrits sur l'Histoire (translated as On History, 1980)
 * H. Rap Brown – Die Nigger Die!
 * Henri Charrière – Papillon
 * L. Sprague de Camp and George H. Scithers (editors) – The Conan Swordbook
 * Antonia Fraser – Mary Queen of Scots
 * Peter Geach – God and the Soul
 * Søren Hansen and Jesper Jensen – The Little Red Schoolbook (Den Lille Røde Bog For Skoleelever)
 * Pauline Kael – Going Steady
 * Anton LaVey – The Satanic Bible
 * Laurie Lee – As I Walked Out One Midsummer Morning
 * Dwight Macdonald – On Movies
 * Kate Millett – Sexual Politics
 * Desmond Morris – The Human Zoo
 * Harold Perkin – The Origins of Modern English Society 1780–1880
 * Laurence J. Peter and Raymond Hull – The Peter Principle: Why Things Always Go Wrong
 * David Reuben – Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Sex* (*But Were Afraid to Ask)

Births

 * January 12 – David Mitchell, English novelist
 * January 17 – Michael Moynihan, American journalist and publisher
 * January 21 – M. K. Hobson, American speculative fiction author
 * March – Jez Butterworth, English dramatist and screenwriter
 * May 6 – Emmanuel Larcenet, French comics author
 * May 6 – John Scalzi, American science-fiction author
 * May 28 – Muriel Barbery, French novelist
 * May 29 – Qiu Miaojin (邱妙津), Korean-born novelist (suicide 1995)
 * June 13 – Virginie Despentes, French writer
 * July 5 – Armin Kõomägi, Estonian author and screenwriter
 * August 4 – Jojo Moyes, English journalist and romantic novelist
 * September 12 - James Frey, American writer
 * September 30 - Julianna Baggott, American novelist, essayist, and poet
 * October 24 – Emma Donoghue, Irish-born Canadian novelist, dramatist, and academic
 * November 13 – John Belluso, American dramatist (died 2006)
 * November 28 – Hanne Ørstavik, Norwegian novelist
 * November 30 – David Auburn, American dramatist
 * unknown dates
 * Adrian Goldsworthy, Welsh military historian and novelist
 * John Harris, English writer, journalist and critic
 * Tom McCarthy, English novelist

Deaths

 * January 11 – Richmal Crompton, English children's writer (born 1890)
 * January 21 – Giovanni Comisso, Italian writer (born 1895)
 * March 9 – Charles Brackett, American novelist and screenwriter (born 1892)
 * March 11 – John Wyndham, English science fiction novelist (born 1903)
 * March 24 – Margery Fish, English gardening writer (born 1892)
 * March 25 – Max Eastman, American writer (born 1883)
 * March 26 – John Kennedy Toole, American novelist (suicide, born 1937)
 * March 27 – B. Traven, presumed German-born novelist (unknown year of birth)
 * April 6 – Gabriel Chevallier, French writer (born 1895)
 * April 7 – Rómulo Gallegos, Venezuelan novelist and politician, 48th President of Venezuela (born 1884)
 * May 4 – Osbert Sitwell, English novelist and poet (born 1892)
 * July 24 – Witold Gombrowicz, Polish playwright and novelist (born 1904)
 * July 27 – Vivian de Sola Pinto, English poet and memoirist (born 1895)
 * August 10 – Maurine Dallas Watkins, American journalist/play and screenwriter (born 1896)
 * August 14 – Leonard Woolf, English political theorist (born 1880)
 * August 27 – Ivy Compton-Burnett, English novelist (born 1884)
 * September 6 – Gavin Maxwell, Scottish naturalist and author (cancer, born 1914)
 * September 17 – Greye La Spina, American dramatist and short story writer (born 1880)
 * September 20 – Elinor Brent-Dyer, English children's writer (born 1894)
 * September 22 – Rachel Davis Harris, African American librarian (born 1869)
 * October 14 – August Sang, Estonian poet and literary translator (born 1914)
 * October 21 – Jack Kerouac, American novelist and poet (internal hemorrhage, born 1922)
 * November 6 – Susan Taubes, Hungarian American writer and Jewish intellectual (suicide, born 1928)
 * November 15 – Ignacio Aldecoa, Spanish writer (born 1925)

Awards

 * Nobel Prize for Literature: Samuel Beckett

Canada

 * See 1969 Governor General's Awards for a complete list of winners and finalists for those awards.

France

 * Prix Goncourt: Félicien Marceau, Creezy
 * Prix Médicis: Hélène Cixous, Dedans

United Kingdom

 * Booker Prize: P. H. Newby, Something to Answer For
 * Carnegie Medal for children's literature: K. M. Peyton, The Edge of the Cloud
 * Cholmondeley Award: Derek Walcott, Tony Harrison
 * Eric Gregory Award: Gavin Bantock, Jeremy Hooker, Jenny King, Neil Powell, Landeg E. White
 * James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction: Elizabeth Bowen, Eva Trout
 * James Tait Black Memorial Prize for biography: Antonia Fraser, Mary Queen of Scots
 * Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry: Stevie Smith

United States

 * American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medal for Drama: Tennessee Williams
 * Hugo Award: John Brunner, Stand on Zanzibar
 * Nebula Award: Ursula K. Le Guin, The Left Hand of Darkness
 * Newbery Medal for children's literature: Lloyd Alexander, The High King
 * Pulitzer Prize for Drama: Howard Sackler, The Great White Hope
 * Pulitzer Prize for Fiction: N. Scott Momaday – House Made of Dawn
 * Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: George Oppen: Of Being Numerous

Elsewhere

 * Miles Franklin Award: George Johnston, Clean Straw for Nothing
 * Premio Nadal: Francisco García Pavón Las hermanas coloradas
 * Viareggio Prize: Fulvio Tomizza, L'albero dei sogni

title: 1969 in literature


text:
1968 in literature

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1968.

Events

 * January 1 – Cecil Day-Lewis is announced as the new Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom.
 * April – The American edition of Andrew Garve's thriller The Long Short Cut becomes the first book printed completely by electronic composition.
 * May – The Action Theater in Munich is disbanded after its building is wrecked by one of its founders, jealous of director Rainer Werner Fassbinder's growing power in the group.
 * June 17 – Tom Stoppard's parodic comedy The Real Inspector Hound opens at the Criterion Theatre in London's West End, starring Richard Briers and Ronnie Barker.
 * July 28 – Last Exit to Brooklyn is cleared of obscenity in the English appeal court. John Mortimer appears for the defence.
 * September 26 – Theatres Act 1968 (royal assent July 26) ends censorship of the theater in the United Kingdom.
 * November – The English novelist Anthony Burgess and his new wife Liana settle in Lija on Malta.
 * unknown dates
 * The first translations and book-length discussion of the Sumerian Enheduanna's work is published.
 * Dean R. Koontz's first novel, Star Quest, is published by Ace Books in the United States.
 * The Arvon Foundation is established by young poets John Fairfax and John Moat in the UK to promote creative writing.

Fiction

 * Ayi Kwei Armah – The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born
 * Elizabeth Bowen – Eva Trout
 * Anthony Burgess – Enderby Outside
 * Victor Canning – The Melting Man
 * Per Anders Fogelström – Stad i världen
 * Michael Innes – Appleby at Allington
 * John Irving – Setting Free the Bears
 * Halldór Laxness – Kristnihald undir jökli (Christianity under the Glacier)
 * John le Carré – A Small Town in Germany
 * Helen MacInnes – The Salzburg Connection
 * Ngaio Marsh – Clutch of Constables
 * N. Scott Momaday – House Made of Dawn
 * Brian Moore – I Am Mary Dunne
 * Fănuș Neagu – Îngerul a strigat ("The Angel Has Shouted")
 * Anthony Powell – The Military Philosophers
 * Giorgio Scerbanenco – I ragazzi del massacro
 * Robert Silverberg – The Masks of Time
 * Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn – Cancer Ward («Раковый Корпус», Rakovy Korpus)
 * Muriel Spark – The Public Image

Children and young people

 * Lloyd Alexander – The High King
 * Joan Aiken – The Whispering Mountain
 * Don Freeman – Corduroy
 * Russell Hoban – The Mouse and His Child
 * Ted Hughes – The Iron Man
 * Judith Kerr – The Tiger Who Came to Tea
 * Alexander Key – Escape to Witch Mountain
 * David McKee – Elmer the Patchwork Elephant
 * Robert C. O'Brien – The Silver Crown
 * Jill Tomlinson – The Owl Who Was Afraid of the Dark
 * Paul Zindel – The Pigman (first in The Pigman trilogy)

Drama

 * Michel Tremblay – Les Belles-Sœurs

Non-fiction

 * Eldridge Cleaver – Soul on Ice
 * Esther Hautzig – The Endless Steppe (autobiography)
 * Bevis Hillier – Art Deco of the 20s and 30s
 * Pauline Kael – Kiss Kiss Bang Bang
 * Peter Maas – The Valachi Papers
 * Erich von Däniken – Chariots of the Gods? (Erinnerungen an die Zukunft)
 * Gwyn Thomas – A Few Selected Exits
 * James D. Watson – The Double Helix

Births

 * unknown date – K. V. Johansen, Canadian children's author

Deaths

 * January 21 – Will Lang, Jr., American journalist (born 1914)
 * March 23 – Edwin O'Connor, American journalist, novelist, and radio commentator (born 1918)
 * April 4 - Muhammad Taha al-Huwayzi, Iranian-Iraqi Ja'fari jurist, religious teacher and poet (born 1889)
 * April 16 – Edna Ferber, American novelist, short story writer and playwright (born 1885)
 * April 27 – Vasily Azhayev, Soviet writer (born 1915)
 * April 29 – Anthony Boucher, American author, critic, and editor (born 1911)
 * May 1 – Sir Harold Nicolson, British biographer (born 1886)
 * May 30 – Constantin S. Nicolăescu-Plopșor, Romanian anthropologist, ethnographer and children's writer (born 1900)
 * May 31 – Abel Bonnard, French poet, novelist and politician (born 1883)
 * June 1 – Helen Keller, deaf-blind American author, activist and lecturer (born 1880)
 * August 21 - Germaine Guèvremont, Canadian writer (born 1893)
 * November 17 – Mervyn Peake, English novelist (dementia, born 1911)
 * November 25 – Upton Sinclair, American novelist and politician (born 1878)
 * November 28 – Enid Blyton, English author and poet (born 1897)
 * December 5 – Anna Kavan, British novelist, short story writer and painter (born 1901)
 * December 20 – John Steinbeck, American novelist (congestive heart failure, born 1902)
 * December 24 – D. Gwenallt Jones, Welsh poet (born 1899)

title: 1968 in literature


text:
Mexicana

Mexicana may refer to:

 * Mexicana de Aviación, a former airline of Mexico
 * Aerolínea del Estado Mexicano, a Mexican airline founded in 2023 which brands itself as "Mexicana"
 * Mexicana (ship), a topsail schooner built in 1791 by the Spanish Navy
 * Mexicana (film), a 1945 American film
 * Mexicana (flatworm), a genus of monogenean parasites
 * Mexicana (website), a web portal
 * Mexicana (soft drink) (Mexicana Con Orgullo), a Mexican soft drink

title: Mexicana


text:
The Observer

The Observer is a British newspaper published on Sundays. It is a sister paper to The Guardian and The Guardian Weekly, having been acquired by their parent company, Guardian Media Group Limited, in 1993. First published in 1791, it is the world's oldest Sunday newspaper.

Origins
The first issue, published on 4 December 1791 by W.S. Bourne, was the world's first Sunday newspaper. Believing that the paper would be a means of wealth, Bourne instead soon found himself facing debts of nearly £1,600. Though early editions purported editorial independence, Bourne attempted to cut his losses and sell the title to the government. When this failed, Bourne's brother (a wealthy businessman) made an offer to the government, which also refused to buy the paper but agreed to subsidise it in return for influence over its editorial content. As a result, the paper soon took a strong line against radicals such as Thomas Paine, Francis Burdett and Joseph Priestley.

19th century
In 1807, the brothers decided to relinquish editorial control, naming Lewis Doxat as the new editor. Seven years later, the brothers sold The Observer to William Innell Clement, a newspaper proprietor who owned a number of publications. The paper continued to receive government subsidies during this period; in 1819, of the approximately 23,000 copies of the paper distributed weekly, approximately 10,000 were given away as "specimen copies", distributed by postmen who were paid to deliver them to "lawyers, doctors, and gentlemen of the town."

Clement maintained ownership of The Observer until his death in 1852. After Doxat retired in 1857, Clement's heirs sold the paper to Joseph Snowe, who also took over the editor's chair.

In 1870, wealthy businessman Julius Beer bought the paper and appointed Edward Dicey as editor, whose efforts succeeded in reviving circulation. Though Beer's son Frederick became the owner upon Julius's death in 1880, he had little interest in the newspaper and was content to leave Dicey as editor until 1889. Henry Duff Traill took over the editorship after Dicey's departure, only to be replaced in 1891 by Frederick's wife, Rachel Beer, of the Sassoon family. She remained as editor for thirteen years, combining it in 1893 with the editorship of The Sunday Times, a newspaper that she had also bought.

20th century
Upon Frederick's death in 1903, the paper was purchased by the newspaper magnate Lord Northcliffe. Northcliffe sold the paper to William Waldorf Astor in 1911, who transferred ownership to his son Waldorf Astor, 2nd Viscount Astor four years later. Garvin's departed as editor in 1942.

Ownership passed to Waldorf's sons in 1948, with David taking over as editor. He remained in the position for 27 years, during which time he turned it into a trust-owned newspaper employing, among others, George Orwell, Paul Jennings and C. A. Lejeune. In 1977, the Astors sold the ailing newspaper to US oil giant Atlantic Richfield (now called ARCO) who sold it to Lonrho plc in 1981.

It became part of the Guardian Media Group in June 1993, after a rival acquisition bid by The Independent was rejected.

Farzad Bazoft, a journalist for The Observer, was executed in Iraq in 1990 on charges of spying. In 2003, The Observer interviewed the Iraqi colonel who had arrested and interrogated Bazoft and who was convinced that Bazoft was not a spy.

21st century
On 27 February 2005, The Observer Blog was launched. In addition to the weekly Observer Magazine colour supplement which is still present every Sunday, for several years each issue of The Observer came with a different free monthly magazine. These magazines had the titles Observer Sport Monthly, Observer Music Monthly, Observer Woman and Observer Food Monthly.

Content from The Observer is included in The Guardian Weekly for an international readership.

The Observer followed its daily partner The Guardian and converted to Berliner format on Sunday 8 January 2006.

The Observer was awarded the National Newspaper of the Year at the British Press Awards 2007. Editor Roger Alton stepped down at the end of 2007, and was replaced by his deputy, John Mulholland.

In early 2010, the paper was restyled. An article on the paper's website previewing the new version stated that "The News section, which will incorporate Business and personal finance, will be home to a new section, Seven Days, offering a complete round-up of the previous week's main news from Britain and around the world, and will also focus on more analysis and comment."

In July 2021, Ofcom announced that The Guardian continued to be the UK's most widely used newspaper website and app for news and had increased its audience share by 1% over the preceding year. 23% of consumers, who used websites or apps for news, used The Guardian, which also hosts The Observer online content. This compared to 22% for the Daily Mail website.

Supplements and features
After the paper was rejuvenated in early 2010, the main paper came with only a small number of supplements – Sport, The Observer Magazine, The New Review and The New York Times International Weekly, an 8-page supplement of articles selected from The New York Times that has been distributed with the paper since 2007. Every four weeks the paper includes The Observer Food Monthly magazine, and in September 2013 it launched Observer Tech Monthly, a science and technology section which won the Grand Prix at the 2014 Newspaper Awards.

Previously, the main paper had come with a larger range of supplements including Sport, Business & Media, Review, Escape (a travel supplement), The Observer Magazine and various special interest monthlies, such as The Observer Food Monthly, Observer Women monthly which was launched in 2006, Observer Sport Monthly and The Observer Film Magazine.

The Newsroom
The Observer and its sister newspaper The Guardian operate a visitor centre in London called The Newsroom. It contains their archives, including bound copies of old editions, a photographic library and other items such as diaries, letters and notebooks. This material may be consulted by members of the public. The Newsroom also mounts temporary exhibitions and runs an educational programme for schools.

In November 2007, The Observer and The Guardian made their archives available over the Internet. The current extent of the archives available are 1791 to 2000 for The Observer and 1821 to 2000 for The Guardian. They will eventually go up to 2003. In 2023, copies from 2004 onwards and gaps were to be filled to latest edition.

Bans
The paper was banned in Egypt in February 2008 for publishing cartoons of the Prophet Muhammed.

Editors

 * W. S. Bourne & W. H. Bourne (1791–1807)
 * Lewis Doxat (1807–1857)
 * Joseph Snowe (1857–1870)
 * Edward Dicey (1870–1889)
 * Henry Duff Traill (1889–1891)
 * Rachel Beer (1891–1904)
 * Austin Harrison (1904–1908)
 * James Louis Garvin (1908–1942)
 * Ivor Brown (1942–1948)
 * David Astor (1948–1975)
 * Donald Trelford (1975–1993)
 * Jonathan Fenby (1993–1995)
 * Andrew Jaspan (1995–1996)
 * Will Hutton (1996–1998)
 * Roger Alton (1998–2007)
 * John Mulholland (2008–2018)
 * Paul Webster (2018–present)

Photographers

 * Jane Bown (resident from 1949 until her death in 2014)
 * Stuart Heydinger (1960–1966)
 * Antonio Olmos (freelance)
 * Harry Borden (freelance)
 * Michael Peto (freelance)
 * Colin Jones (freelance)
 * Dean Chalkley (freelance)
 * Don McCullin (freelance)
 * Philip Jones Griffiths (freelance)
 * Giles Duley (freelance)

Awards
The Observer was named the British Press Awards National Newspaper of the Year for 2006. Its supplements have three times won "Regular Supplement of the Year" (Sport Monthly, 2001; Food Monthly, 2006, 2012).

Observer journalists have won a range of British Press Awards, including
 * "Interviewer of the Year" (Lynn Barber, 2001; Sean O'Hagan, 2002; Rachel Cooke, 2005; Chrissy Iley (freelance for Observer and Sunday Times magazine), 2007)
 * "Critic of the Year" (Jay Rayner, 2005; Philip French, 2008; Rowan Moore, 2013)
 * "Food & Drink Writer of the Year" (John Carlin, 2003)
 * "Travel Writer of the Year" (Tim Moore, 2004)

title: The Observer


text:
1967 in literature

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1967.

Events

 * January
 * The first publication of Mikhail Bulgakov's novel The Master and Margarita («Ма́стер и Маргари́та»), in the form left at the author's death in 1940, concludes in the magazine Moskva, although censored portions circulate only in samizdat in the Soviet Union. It is first published in book form this year, by the YMCA Press in Paris.
 * The Barbara Gordon version of Batgirl is introduced in Detective Comics.
 * March 16 – The first performance of D. H. Lawrence's January 1913 play The Daughter-in-Law is given at the Royal Court Theatre in London.
 * April 24 – The 18-year-old S. E. Hinton's Bildungsroman The Outsiders is published in the United States by Viking Press. She wrote it at the age of 15–16.
 * August 9 – The English playwright Joe Orton (aged 34) is battered to death by his partner, Kenneth Halliwell, who commits suicide in their north London home shortly after. Orton has completed work on a film script, Up Against It, for The Beatles (unproduced).
 * October 21 – American writer Norman Mailer is arrested for civil disobedience during the National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam March on The Pentagon.
 * November 9 – The first issue of the magazine Rolling Stone is published in San Francisco.
 * unknown dates
 * Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's novel Cancer Ward is banned in the Soviet Union.
 * The influential New Wave science fiction anthology Dangerous Visions is published in the United States.
 * The Sabon typeface, designed by Jan Tschichold, is introduced.

Fiction

 * Lloyd Alexander – Taran Wanderer
 * Eric Ambler – Dirty Story
 * J. G. Ballard
 * The Day of Forever
 * The Disaster Area
 * The Overloaded Man
 * Lindsay Barrett – Song for Mumu
 * Luis Berenguer – El mundo de Juan Lobón
 * Thomas Berger – Killing Time
 * Thomas Bernhard – Verstörung (Disturbance, translated as Gargoyles)
 * Hilda Bernstein – The World that was Ours
 * Richard Brautigan – Trout Fishing in America
 * Mikhail Bulgakov (died 1940) – The Master and Margarita
 * Kenneth Bulmer
 * Cycle of Nemesis
 * To Outrun Doomsday
 * Arthur J. Burks – Black Medicine
 * Guillermo Cabrera Infante – Tres tristes tigres
 * Victor Canning – The Python Project
 * Angela Carter – The Magic Toyshop
 * Henry Cecil – A Woman Named Anne
 * Agatha Christie – Endless Night
 * John Christopher (Sam Youd)
 * The White Mountains
 * The City of Gold and Lead
 * Margaret Craven – I Heard the Owl Call My Name
 * L. Sprague de Camp editor – The Fantastic Swordsmen
 * R. F. Delderfield – Cheap Day Return
 * August Derleth editor – Travellers by Night
 * Margaret Drabble – Jerusalem the Golden
 * Nell Dunn – Poor Cow
 * Cameron Duodu – The Gab Boys
 * Allan W. Eckert – Wild Season
 * Mircea Eliade – The Old Man and the Bureaucrats
 * Janice Elliott – The Buttercup Chain
 * Claire Etcherelli – Elise, ou la vraie vie
 * C. S. Forester – Hornblower and the Crisis
 * Sarah Gainham – Night Falls on the City
 * Gabriel García Márquez – One Hundred Years of Solitude (Cien años de soledad)
 * William Golding – The Pyramid
 * Richard Gordon – The Facemaker
 * Winston Graham – The Walking Stick
 * Edward Grierson – A Crime of One's Own
 * Paul Guimard – Intersection
 * S. E. Hinton – The Outsiders
 * William Hope Hodgson – Deep Waters
 * Robert E. Howard
 * Conan the Warrior
 * (with L. Sprague de Camp) – Conan the Usurper
 * (with L. Sprague de Camp and Lin Carter) – Conan
 * James Jones – Go to the Widow-Maker
 * Anna Kavan – Ice
 * Elia Kazan – The Arrangement
 * Thomas Keneally – Bring Larks and Heroes
 * Milan Kundera – The Joke (Žert)
 * Alex La Guma – The Stone-Country
 * Ira Levin – Rosemary's Baby
 * Joan Lindsay – Picnic at Hanging Rock
 * H. P. Lovecraft – Three Tales of Horror
 * Alistair MacLean – Where Eagles Dare
 * Naguib Mahfouz – Miramar
 * Daniel Pratt Mannix IV – The Fox and the Hound
 * Ngaio Marsh – Death at the Dolphin
 * Catherine Marshall – Christy
 * Berkely Mather – The Gold of Malabar
 * V. S. Naipaul – The Mimic Men
 * R. K. Narayan – The Vendor of Sweets
 * Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o – A Grain of Wheat
 * Flann O'Brien (died 1966) – The Third Policeman (written 1939–40)
 * Scott O'Dell – The Black Pearl
 * Kenzaburō Ōe (大江 健三郎) – The Silent Cry (万延元年のフットボール, Man'en Gannen no Futtoboru)
 * K. M. Peyton – Flambards
 * Chaim Potok – The Chosen
 * Marin Preda – Moromeţii, Vol. 2
 * E. Hoffmann Price – Strange Gateways
 * J. B. Priestley – It's an Old Country
 * Valentin Rasputin – Money for Maria (Деньги для Марии)
 * Ruth Rendell – A New Lease of Death
 * Thomas Savage – The Power of the Dog
 * Gaia Servadio – Tanto gentile e tanto onesta
 * Mary Stewart – The Gabriel Hounds
 * William Styron – The Confessions of Nat Turner
 * Julian Symons – The Man Who Killed Himself
 * Piri Thomas – Down These Mean Streets
 * Leon Uris – Topaz
 * Jack Vance – The Palace of Love
 * Thornton Wilder – The Eighth Day
 * Colin Wilson – The Mind Parasites
 * Roger Zelazny – Lord of Light (Hugo Award Winner 1968)

Children and young people

 * Rev. W. Awdry – Small Railway Engines (twenty-second in The Railway Series of 42 books)
 * Helen Cresswell – The Piemakers
 * Ingri and Edgar Parin d'Aulaire – Norse Gods and Giants
 * John D. Fitzgerald – The Great Brain
 * Alan Garner – The Owl Service
 * Rumer Godden – Home is the Sailor
 * S. E. Hinton – The Outsiders
 * Aldous Huxley (died 1963) – The Crows of Pearblossom (short story written 1944)
 * E. L. Konigsburg
 * From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler
 * Jennifer, Hecate, Macbeth, William McKinley, and Me, Elizabeth
 * Boy Lornsen – Robbi, Tobbi und das Fliewatüüt
 * Ann MacGovern and Simms Taback – Too Much Noise
 * Ruth Manning-Sanders – A Book of Wizards
 * Daniel P. Mannix (with John Schoenherr) – The Fox and the Hound
 * Bill Martin Jr. – Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See? (board book)
 * R. D. Mascott – The Adventures of James Bond Junior 003½
 * Jessica Nelson North – The Giant's Shoe
 * Bill Peet
 * Buford the Little Bighorn
 * Jennifer and Josephine
 * K. M. Peyton – Flambards (first in eponymous series of four books)
 * Joan G. Robinson – When Marnie Was There
 * Barbara Sleigh – Jessamy
 * Zilpha Keatley Snyder
 * The Egypt Game
 * The Gypsy Game

Drama

 * Simon Gray – Wise Child
 * Christopher Hampton – Total Eclipse
 * Peter Handke – Kaspar
 * Dorothy Hewett – This Old Man Comes Rolling Home
 * Rolf Hochhuth – Soldiers (Soldaten: Nekrolog auf Genf)
 * Peter Nichols – A Day in the Death of Joe Egg
 * Efua Sutherland – Edufa
 * Vijay Tendulkar – Shantata! Court Chalu Aahe
 * Peter Ustinov – The Unknown Soldier and His Wife
 * Luis Valdez – Los Vendidos
 * Charles Wood – Dingo
 * Leonid Zorin – A Warsaw Melody

Poetry

 * Roger McGough, Brian Patten and Adrian Henri – The Mersey Sound

Non-fiction

 * J. A. Baker – The Peregrine
 * Dmitri Borgmann – Beyond Language
 * Peter Brown – Augustine of Hippo: A Biography
 * Robert Coles – A Study in Courage and Fear, volume 1 of Children of Crisis
 * L. Sprague de Camp and Catherine Crook de Camp – The Story of Science in America
 * Jacques Derrida
 * Of Grammatology
 * Speech and Phenomena
 * Writing and Difference
 * Joseph Fletcher – Moral Responsibility
 * E. D. Hirsch – Validity in Interpretation
 * Rod Horton and Herbert Edwards – Backgrounds of American Literary Thought
 * Martin Luther King Jr. – Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community?
 * Ira M. Lapidus – Muslim Cities in the Later Middle Ages
 * Robert MacArthur and E. O. Wilson – The Theory of Island Biogeography
 * Marshall McLuhan and Quentin Fiore – The Medium is the Massage: An Inventory of Effects
 * William Manchester – The Death of a President
 * Robert K. Massie – Nicholas and Alexandra
 * Desmond Morris – The Naked Ape
 * Anaïs Nin – The Diary of Anaïs Nin, Volume Two: 1934-1939
 * Josep Pla – Life Embitters (La vida amarga)
 * Paul Robert (editor) – Petit Robert abridged dictionary
 * Valerie Solanas – SCUM Manifesto
 * A. T. Q. Stewart – The Ulster Crisis: Resistance to Home Rule 1912–14

Births

 * January 7 – Benjamin Kwakye, Ghanaian novelist
 * March 8 – Mitsuyo Kakuta (角田 光代), Japanese novelist and translator
 * April 19 – Steven H Silver, American science fiction writer
 * June 16 – Maylis de Kerangal, French novelist
 * July 11 – Jhumpa Lahiri, English-born Indian/American writer
 * July 19
 * Zoran Drvenkar, Croatian German novelist
 * Wladimir Kaminer, Russian German short story writer
 * July 31 – Elizabeth Wurtzel, American memoirist (Prozac Nation) (died 2020)
 * September 21 – Suman Pokhrel, Nepali poet, lyricist, playwright, translator and artist
 * October 4 – Miloš Urban, Czech novelist
 * December 12 – Robert Lepage, French Canadian playwright, actor and director
 * Uncertain date – S. F. Said, Lebanese-born British children's fiction writer

Deaths

 * January 29 – Ion Buzdugan, Romanian poet and political figure (born 1887)
 * February 8 – Victor Gollancz, English publisher (born 1893)
 * March 2 – José Martínez Ruiz (Azorín), Spanish novelist (born 1873)
 * March 7 – Alice B. Toklas, American memoirist and autobiographer (born 1893)
 * March 30 – Jean Toomer, African American writer (born 1894)
 * May 12 – John Masefield, English Poet Laureate (born 1878)
 * May 22 – Langston Hughes, American poet, novelist and playwright (born 1902)
 * June 3 – Arthur Ransome, English author of children's and other books (born 1884)
 * June 4 – J. R. Ackerley, English journalist (born 1896)
 * June 7 – Dorothy Parker, American humorist (born 1893)
 * July 22
 * Lajos Kassák, Hungarian poet, novelist and translator (born 1887)
 * Carl Sandburg, American historian and poet (born 1878)
 * July 31 – Margaret Kennedy, English novelist and playwright (born 1896)
 * August 2 – Giles Romilly, English journalist (tranquilizer overdose, born 1916)
 * August 9 – Joe Orton, English playwright (murdered, born 1933)
 * August 29 – Sidney Bradshaw Fay, American historian and author (born 1876)
 * September 1 – Siegfried Sassoon, English poet and memoirist (born 1886)
 * September 12 – Vladimir Bartol, Slovene author (born 1903)
 * September 16 – Pavlo Tychyna, Ukrainian poet (born 1891)
 * September 24 – Robert van Gulik, Dutch author (cancer, born 1910)
 * September 29 – Carson McCullers, American novelist (brain hemorrhage, born 1917)
 * September – Christopher Okigbo, Nigerian poet (killed in action, born 1930)
 * October 8 – Vernon Watkins, Welsh poet (heart failure, born 1906)
 * October 9 – André Maurois, French novelist (born 1885)
 * October 13 – Georges Sadoul, French journalist and writer on cinema (born 1904)
 * October 14 – Marcel Aymé, French novelist and children's author (born 1902)
 * October 25 – Margaret Ayer Barnes, American author and playwright (born 1886)
 * November 17 – Bo Bergman, Swedish poet (born 1869)
 * November 30 – Patrick Kavanagh, Irish poet (born 1904)

Awards

 * Nobel Prize for Literature: Miguel Ángel Asturias

Canada

 * See 1967 Governor General's Awards for a complete list of winners and finalists for those awards.

France

 * Prix Goncourt: André Pieyre de Mandiargues, La Marge
 * Prix Médicis: Claude Simon, Histoire

United Kingdom

 * Carnegie Medal for children's literature: Alan Garner, The Owl Service
 * Cholmondeley Award: Seamus Heaney, Brian Jones, Norman Nicholson
 * Eric Gregory Award: Angus Calder, Marcus Cumberlege, David Harsent, David Selzer, Brian Patten
 * James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction: Margaret Drabble, Jerusalem The Golden
 * James Tait Black Memorial Prize for biography: Winifred Gérin, Charlotte Brontë: The Evolution of Genius
 * Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry: Charles Causley

United States

 * Frost Medal: Marianne Moore
 * Hugo Award: Robert A. Heinlein, The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress
 * Nebula Award: Samuel R. Delany, The Einstein Intersection
 * Newbery Medal for children's literature: Irene Hunt, Up a Road Slowly
 * Pulitzer Prize for Drama: Edward Albee, A Delicate Balance
 * Pulitzer Prize for Fiction & National Book Award: Bernard Malamud – The Fixer
 * Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: Anne Sexton: Live or Die

Elsewhere

 * Akutagawa Prize: Oshiro Tatsuhiro (大城立裕), The Cocktail Party
 * Miles Franklin Award: Thomas Keneally, Bring Larks and Heroes
 * Premio Nadal: José María Sanjuán, Réquiem por todos nosotros
 * Viareggio Prize: Raffaello Brignetti, Il gabbiano azzurro

title: 1967 in literature


text:
Extrusome

Extrusomes are membrane-bound structures in some eukaryotes which, under certain conditions, discharge their contents outside the cell. There are a variety of different types, probably not homologous, and serving various functions.

Notable extrusomes include mucocysts, which discharge a mucous mass sometimes used in cyst formation, and trichocysts, which discharge a fibrous rod. The stinging nematocysts found in Cnidarian animals may be regarded as extrusomes as well. Extrusomes found in dinoflagellates are important in the formation of red and black tides. Ancoracysta twista, a Provoran eukaryote, immobilises its prey using a type of extrusome named an ancoracyst.

title: Extrusome


text:
Alston

Alston may refer to:

People

 * Alston (name)

Australia

 * Alstonvale, New South Wales
 * Alstonville, New South Wales

Canada

 * Alstonvale, Quebec

England

 * Alston, Cumbria
 * Alston, East Devon, Devon
 * Alston, South Hams, in Malborough, Devon
 * Alston, Lancashire, formerly in the Amounderness registration district
 * Alston, Suffolk

United States

 * Alston, Georgia
 * Alston, Michigan
 * Alston, Oregon
 * Alston, South Carolina
 * Dresser, California, formerly Alston

title: Alston


text:
Guardian Media Group

Guardian Media Group plc (GMG) is a British-based mass media company owning various media operations including The Guardian and The Observer. The group is wholly owned by the Scott Trust Limited, which exists to secure the financial and editorial independence of The Guardian in perpetuity.

The Group's annual report (for the year ending 2 April 2023) indicated that the Scott Trust Endowment Fund was valued at £1.24 billion, while in 2021 it was valued at £1.14 billion.

History
The company was founded as the Manchester Guardian Ltd. in 1907 when C.P. Scott bought The Manchester Guardian (founded in 1821) from the estate of his cousin Edward Taylor.

It became the Manchester Guardian and Evening News Ltd when it bought out the Manchester Evening News in 1924, later becoming the Guardian and Manchester Evening News Ltd to reflect the change in the morning paper's title. It adopted its current name in 1993.

In 1991, it had a 20% stake in a consortium which included London Weekend Television, Scottish Television, The Walt Disney Company and Carlton Communications for a new ITV breakfast franchise called GMTV.

Guardian Monthly was a glossy magazine published by the Guardian Media Group for readers around the world. Launched in November 2006, it made selections from The Guardian and The Observer's magazine supplements available to an international audience of English-speakers. Issues contained interviews with cultural figures, features about world issues, and regular articles on travel, books, sport, health, fashion, food and photography. In July 2007, the Guardian Media Group announced the cancellation of the Guardian Monthly. In a letter to subscribers, Will Ricketts, Guardian Monthly 's publisher, explained the reasons for the cancellation of the monthly magazine:

In March 2007, GMG sold 49.9% of Trader Media Group to Apax Partners, in a deal that valued Trader Media Group at £1.35 billion. In December 2007, it was announced that GMG and Apax had made a successful bid to buy Emap's business-to-business arm for around £1 billion.

In February 2010, the group sold its GMG Regional Media division (consisting of two companies MEN Media and S&B Media which operated 31 local and regional newspaper titles) to Trinity Mirror for £44.8 million. The sale eroded the connection between The Guardian and Manchester as the sale of the Manchester Evening News was included in the package. The division's local television station for Greater Manchester, Channel M, and two newspapers in Woking were not included in the sale.

In June 2012, GMG sold its GMG Radio division, which operated Real Radio and Smooth Radio, to Global Radio.

In January 2014, GMG disposed of its remaining interest in Trader Media Group.

Carolyn McCall was the chief executive of Guardian Media Group and chair of Guardian News and Media Limited from 2006 until June 2010, when she was appointed chief executive of EasyJet. Andrew Miller, previously the chief financial officer of the Group, was chief executive from July 2010 to 2015. David Pemsel took his place in 2015.

In October 2017, the Guardian Media Group reported a plan to launch a new £42 million venture capital fund. That plan was consummated, making the Scott Trust a limited partner in GMG Ventures LP. According to the GMG 2018 annual report, "this £42m venture capital fund is designed to contribute financial returns and to support GMG's strategy by investing in early stage businesses focused on developing the next generation of media technology".

In January 2020, it was announced that Annette Thomas would become the new chief executive in March 2020. Thomas was formerly editor of Nature, MD of Nature Publishing Group and chief executive of Macmillan Science and Education. She replaced David Pemsel who left to take up a role at the Premier League.

In May 2021, The Daily Telegraph reported Guardian editor Katharine Viner and Thomas were in conflict over finances and the direction the newspaper should take. The previous year The Guardian announced 180 job cuts. Thomas had earlier said at a media industry conference "we have quality content in spades ... the job at hand is to now go further by strengthening the growing elements of our business". Viner wanted renewed investment after better than feared financial results in 2020. On 9 June 2021, it was announced that Thomas would leave the Guardian Media Group at the end of the month.

In August 2022, Anna Bateson was appointed as chief executive. Subsequently Anders Jensen, chief executive of Viaplay, resigned as a GMG non-executive director because of the appointment process, in particular the level of influence exerted by Guardian editor Katharine Viner.

Group structure
GMG's core business is Guardian News & Media Limited, publisher of theguardian.com, and The Guardian and The Observer newspapers. Guardian News & Media was formed as Guardian Newspapers Limited in 1967, adopting its present name in 2006.

The group has a portfolio of investments to help support its journalism. They comprise:
 * Ascential: an international business-to-business digital intelligence and events business.
 * An externally managed investment fund.

Guardian Media Group exists to support the core purpose of its owner, Scott Trust Limited: to secure the financial and editorial independence of The Guardian in perpetuity, but in the 2011/12 year the group lost £75.6 million, and for the three years up to June 2012, the paper itself lost £100,000 a day - leading The Economist's Intelligent Life magazine to question whether The Guardian could survive. In late 2013, GMG sold their GMG Property Services Group to private equity firm Lloyds Development Capital (rebranded to Property Software Group), citing that it would allow them to focus on investing in the core part of their business—Guardian News and Media. In 2014, The Guardian launched a membership scheme, aiming to avoid introducing a paywall and maintaining open access to the website. As of 2018, this approach was considered successful, having brought more than 1 million subscriptions or donations, with the paper hoping to break even by April 2019, a goal they achieved in May 2019.

title: Guardian Media Group


text:
Magic Tree House

Magic Tree House is an American children's series written by American author Mary Pope Osborne. The original American series was illustrated by Salvatore Murdocca until 2016, after which AG Ford took over. Other illustrators have been used for foreign-language editions.

The series is divided into two groups. The first group consists of books 1–28, in which Morgan Le Fay sends Jack and Annie Smith, siblings from the fictional small town of Frog Creek, Pennsylvania, on adventures and missions through a magical tree house. The second group, called Magic Tree House: Merlin Missions, begins with book 29, Christmas in Camelot, and has ancient wizard Merlin the Magician giving Jack and Annie quests. These books are longer than others, and some take place in fantasy realms such as Camelot. Kathleen and Teddy are apprentices who befriend Jack and Annie and provide support, occasionally joining them on adventures. In Super Edition #1, Teddy sends them on a mission instead of Morgan or Merlin. The companion Magic Tree House Fact Trackers are co-written by Mary Pope Osborne with her husband Will Osborne or sister Natalie Pope Boyce.

Series background
After graduating from college, Osborne and a friend went traveling. Osborne spent time in Crete and traveled through Iraq, Iran, India, Afghanistan, Turkey, Lebanon, Syria, and Pakistan. The trip ended when Osborne experienced blood poisoning in Nepal and was hospitalized for several weeks, during which she read The Lord of the Rings. Remarking on her travels, Osborne said, "That journey irrevocably changed me. The experience gathered serves as a reference point every day of my life. I encountered worlds of light and worlds of darkness — and planted seeds of the imagination that led directly to my being an author of children's books."

Osborne's travels and experiences have largely factored into her writing, which has allowed her to experience the thrills of traveling. She has stated that, "Without even leaving my home, I’ve traveled around the globe, learning about the religions of the world."

Osborne's writing career began "one day, out of the blue" when she wrote Run, Run As Fast As You Can in 1982, which she has said is semi-autobiographical, as she stated: "The girl was a lot like me and many of the incidents in the story were similar to happenings in my childhood." The book served as the starting point for Osborne's writing career; her early work received mixed reviews. Her work includes young adult novels, picture books, retellings of mythology and fairy tales, biographies, mysteries, a six-part series of the Odyssey, a book of American Tall Tales, and a book for young readers about major world religions.

The idea for the series came when Penguin Random House asked Osborne to start writing a series of children's books. Osborne knew from the beginning that she wanted to include time travel, and the idea for the treehouse as the means of time travel came to her when she and her husband saw one while on a walk in the forest in Pennsylvania.

Osborne says that she can work on Magic Tree House up to 12 hours a day and seven days a week and has used space at shared office space, The Writer's Room. She has modeled her writing after Hemingway by trying to be simple and direct and is "noted for writing clear, lively, well-paced prose in both her stories and her informational books."

Main characters
When Osborne started writing the series, she wrote Jack as a main character and added Annie as a typical annoying younger sister. After writing her in, Osborne eventually decided to make her a main character. Osborne highlights Annie’s bravery as a characteristic that is the main difference between Annie and herself, as Osborne has noted she often wished she was braver.

Jack
Jack is the older brother, who is known for his love of books and learning, an attribute Osborne says connects her to him. He tends to be cautious. According to the original illustrations by Sal Murdocca, Jack has brown hair, wears red glasses, and is taller than Annie.

Annie
Annie is the younger sister, who is known for her bravery, impulsive decisions, and caring for the people and animals around her. According to the original illustrations by Sal Murdocca, Annie is depicted as having medium-length blonde hair, often worn in double braids, and bangs.

Legacy
Mary Pope Osborne's books have been featured in several Best Books of the Year Lists, including School Library Journal, Parents’ Magazine, The Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books, and Bank Street College of Education. She has received honors from organizations as the National Council of Teachers of English, The Children's Book Council, and the International Reading Association. She received the 1992 Diamond State Reading Association Award, 2005 Ludington Memorial Award from the Educational Paperback Association and the 2010 Heidelberger Leander Award. She has also received awards from the Carolina Alumni Association, the Virginia Library Association and in spring 2013, she was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Letters from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Osborne served two separate terms as president of the Authors Guild and also chaired its Children's Book Committee. She has since traveled extensively in the states and throughout the world, visiting schools and speaking on issues related to reading and books. In 2011, she attended the Tokyo International Film Festival for the premiere of the Magic Tree House anime film and visited schools in the tsunami-hit area of Japan. The film grossed 5.7 million dollars; Osborne donated all proceeds into her educational works.

She was profiled on NBC's Rock Center with Brian Williams for her continued efforts to give children books while on a Magic Tree House-themed tour bus. She spoke of the pressure she feels as an author that children look up to, "for a child to value someone who writes books is so extraordinary."

To celebrate the 20th anniversary of the Magic Tree House series in 2012, Osborne created a Magic Tree House Classroom Adventures Program, through which she aims to inspire children to read and love reading while helping them to read at grade level by the end of 3rd grade. The program is free of charge and provides a set of online educational resources for teachers and allows for Title 1 schools to apply for free Magic Tree House books. Under Classroom Adventures, Osborne, in partnership with the First Book organization in Washington, D.C., has donated hundreds of thousands of Magic Tree House books to underserved schools.

Magic Tree House Children's Theatre
The Magic Tree House brand has expanded into other forms. A musical adaptation, Magic Tree House: The Musical, was created by Will Osborne and Randy Court based on Christmas in Camelot and premiered in September 2007. Osborne hoped that it would have appeal to both kids and adults, like The Lion King or Mary Poppins. The musical has toured nationally and had a cast album.

A planetarium show, Magic Tree House: Space Mission, also created by Will Osborne, is produced and presented at the Morehead Planetarium in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

In 2011, Will Osborne collaborated with New Orleans composer Allen Toussaint and Ain't Misbehavin' co-creator Murray Horwitz to write A Night in New Orleans, a musical adaptation of A Good Night for Ghosts about the life of Louis Armstrong which features an ensemble cast and live jazz band. It premiered in 2012 at the New Jersey Performing Arts Center and was shown free to Newark 4th grade students.

Magic Tree House Kids Shows are theatrical adaptations of select titles in the Magic Tree House series designed specifically for kids' performances. To date, children's shows have been created by husband and wife playwright and composer team Randy Courts and Jenny Laird in collaboration with Will Osborne based on Dinosaurs Before Dark, The Knight at Dawn, Pirates Past Noon, A Ghost Tale for Christmas Time, and A Night in New Orleans. Stage Fright on a Summer Night, based on the life of William Shakespeare, premiered at the Orlando Shakespeare Theatre in October 2017.

Film adaptation
The animated film Magic Tree House (マジック・ツリーハウス), produced by Media Factory, premiered in Japan in October 2011 and was released there on January 7, 2012.

List of Magic Tree House books
According to its official website, Magic Tree House books are for beginning chapter book readers.

Merlin Missions subseries
Magic Tree House: Merlin Missions books 1-27 were written for more advanced readers ages 7–10. The Magic Tree House: Merlin Missions were originally ordered sequentially, starting at Book #29 (Christmas in Camelot). With the 25th anniversary re-prints, the books have been separated into their own distinct series and re-numbered starting at Merlin Mission #1.

Magic Tree House Super Edition book
On January 6, 2015, the first and currently only Magic Tree House Super Edition book was released. At 183 pages long, it is longer than both the original Magic Tree House books and the Magic Tree House: Merlin Missions.

Nonfiction books
The Magic Tree House Fact Trackers (formerly called Magic Tree House Research Guides) are non-fiction companions to the fiction books written by Mary Pope Osborne, Will Osborne, and Natalie Pope Boyce, which provide more in-depth information on topics featured in the series. They were first released in 2000 by Scholastic and Random House. 44 have been published. The first two Fact Trackers were published in August 2000 as companions for the first two stories. In 2008, book #39, Dark Day in the Deep Sea, and its fact tracker, #17, Sea Monsters, were the first story and fact tracker to be published simultaneously.

title: Magic Tree House