text:
Talk:Bioinformatics

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Introduction
In the introduction, we read the following:

...the development of new algorithms (mathematical formulas) and statistics...

I am not a Computer scientist, but I think an algorithm is not a mathematical formula. Furthermore, I don't think one develops statistics, one applies statistcal methods or a theoretical scientist might develop new statistical theories. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.67.52.3 (talk) 12:48, 23 January 2011 (UTC)
 * I think you are correct. Though I have seen the assignment operator confused a number of times with the equality symbol or logical syllogism etc.  Maybe it should read "... the development of new algorithms which apply mathematical formulas and statistical models to ..."

Comedy?
You spelled Gnome incorrectly —Preceding unsigned comment added by Henriettaminge (talk • contribs)
 * I don't know if you're trying to be serious, but the word is 'genome'. ju66l3r 06:35, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

GA Re-Review and In-line citations
Members of the WikiProject Good articles are in the process of doing a re-review of current Good Article listings to ensure compliance with the standards of the Good Article Criteria. (Discussion of the changes and re-review can be found here). A significant change to the GA criteria is the mandatory use of some sort of in-line citation (In accordance to WP:CITE) to be used in order for an article to pass the verification and reference criteria. Currently this article does not include in-line citations. It is recommended that the article's editors take a look at the inclusion of in-line citations as well as how the article stacks up against the rest of the Good Article criteria. GA reviewers will give you at least a week's time from the date of this notice to work on the in-line citations before doing a full re-review and deciding if the article still merits being considered a Good Article or would need to be de-listed. If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to contact us on the Good Article project talk page or you may contact me personally. On behalf of the Good Articles Project, I want to thank you for all the time and effort that you have put into working on this article and improving the overall quality of the Wikipedia project. LuciferMorgan 02:20, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

Whole Genome Shotgun Sequencing
I just realized that Whole Genome Shotgun Sequencing and sequence assembly is really considered an informatics solution to the sequencing problem compared to BAC for large sections of DNA. This might be an important accomplishment of bioinformatics to mention. 128.206.82.56 (talk) 19:46, 23 April 2009 (UTC)done
 * Yes. Whole Genome Shotgun (WGS) sequencing projects constitute the largest part (in terms of bp size) of GenBank. It is very much a bioinformatics approach and, as such, should be mentioned in this article. When I have some more time, I will add some information. --Thorwald (talk) 04:52, 24 April 2009 (UTC)
 * You might consider adding next generation sequencing information. Huge challenge at the moment.193.190.172.82 (talk) 17:39, 11 May 2009 (UTC)
 * I would prefer it be called "High throughput" rather than "next generation", "next generation" seems like a dated term. Will there be yet another generation.  High throughput sequencing seems more meaningful, this term may be outgrown as well, but it may weather better than "next generation".  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.206.82.56 (talk) 21:48, 28 July 2009 (UTC)

Insight from Michael Watterman and proposed changes
Much of this discussion and page deals with trying to describe what bioinformatics is by either enumerating it's parts, or defining it in contrast to something else, like 'computational biology' (or trying to insist they are the same thing). The remainder of the page tends to be a battle between people adding thier favourite legitimate bioinformatics resources, tools, publications, centres, and others trying to trip them down (because of WP:NOT and spam)

I don't have an exact quote, or a reference as it was presented during a talk, but this very rough paraphrase might start us thinking about this page in a slightly different way.

 * Every major advancement in the field of Bioinformatics is a direct result of a new type of data being generated, from a real experiment, which is in a form or volume that we did not yet have the capability of understanding. Then there is a scramble to understand this new data. Once the new tools are available, there is only so far you can go with the existing data.  Eventually, there is another new experiment done, and a new type of data emerges. -- MICHAEL WATERMAN, University of Southern California in a lecture at ISMB2006, Fortaleza
 * I don't know if I necessarily agree. I think the example above is shotgun sequencing, which was primarily a bioinformatic improvment on previous sequencing capabilities.  Was it a bioinformatics break through or laboratory break through.  I also doubt it was Michael Waterman who said that, since he was trained as a physicist. 128.206.82.56 (talk) 22:01, 16 July 2009 (UTC)done

-- Jethero 05:46, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

From this, I think we might be able to find a focus or thread through some of the content, and perhaps a way of identifying what have been core 'bioinformatics' breakthroughs, versus what are areas and fields and disciplines that simply make use of computers and computational methods and expertise, or focus on lists of people, books or software that call themselves 'bioinformatics'. (To be clear, I am not saying these things are not bioinformatics, in a broad sense)

To go along with this, I would propose that we:
 * remove all current 'references' that are not used as inline citations (move them to a 'list of books' if we want). It's almost impossible to remain NPOV and exclude some books and papers and not others. -- Jethero 05:46, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

 * remove all external links, move them to the 'list of bioinformatics research groups' or a similar page and have a policy of no external links (unless they are inline citations). They invite spam, and also legitimate additions that we don't have room for but can't eliminate without violating NPOV or upsetting a fan -- Jethero 05:46, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

 * continue to remove all software references (move them to a list of bioinformatics software if we want). same arguments -- Jethero 05:46, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

 * remove all but the slightest trace of the 'computational biology vs. bioinformatics' debate from the top. The intro paragraph is much too long, compared to other 'dispiplines of science' pages, and confusing for someone not familiar with either term. -- Jethero 05:46, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

 * set up sections which encourage additions of names and dates in bioinformatics (famous bioinformaticians, watersheds, large projects in the past) -- Jethero 05:46, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

 * the field develops rapidly, but we don't yet have the perspective to neutrally call paper/tool/discovery A more important that B, so we should focus on things that have been established as 'notable' in the past, say 5+ years, and get that right. This is another way to avoid the article reading like it should contain a list of tools and resources that are relevant today. (NCBI's GenBank, established in 19xx, was critical for xxxx rather that just a link) -- Jethero 05:46, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

Take a look at some of the other Natural Sciences pages for inspiration, or vote on the proposals above. -- Jethero 05:46, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

Suggestions
The LEAD is awful. The references are not in WP standard form. There is a huge internal and external link farm. There are too many redlinks. It includes too much unreadable text for the beginning reader. I suggest that an introductory article be made, called Introduction to bioinformatics, as was done at evolution, quantum mechanics, general relativity and other technical science articles.--Filll 13:19, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

Please insert references that support the following claim: "The term bioinformatics was coined by Paulien Hogeweg in 1978 for the study of informatic processes in biotic systems". I was searching for them and I did not find any. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Daforerog (talk • contribs) 14:28, 17 February 2009 (UTC)

 * This seems like a very good idea. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 204.134.43.129 (talk) 22:10, 22 April 2011 (UTC)

Good Article Review
This article is now at Good Article Review for possible delisting of its Good Article status. Concerns are listed at the good article review page. Please remember to assume good faith and improve the article to meet the Good Article criteria. -Malkinann 10:07, 26 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Editors can go to Good article review to see what others have written, and to add their own comments. In that review, someone has already suggested making an introductory article. I can see us needing Introduction to general relativity because of the profundity of that topic, but Introduction to bioinformatics seems like overkill. Making the article better would eliminate the need for such an introduction. EdJohnston 15:58, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

 * If there was a firm committment to augment this article with much more explanatory material, this would obviate the need for an introductory article. This article is currently short enough that probably both advanced and introductory material could be accommodated in the same article.--Filll 16:00, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

This article has been delisted per consensus at WP:GA/R. The discussion, now in archive, can be seen here. Once the article is brought up to standards, it may be renominated at WP:GAC. Regards, Lara  ♥Love  15:19, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

Does the External Links section need cleanup?
Please give your opinion on the External links cleanup tag that was just added. From my limited personal knowledge, the items that are now listed under 'major organizations' and 'major journals' do in fact appear to be major ones for this field. At the recent GA review, no-one complained that there were too many external links in the article. Comments? EdJohnston 21:24, 21 August 2007 (UTC)

I recently submitted Bio-IT World for inclusion as a major journal in the field of bioinformatics, and hope that the editors of this post consider its value as an industry resource. Bio-ITWorld (talk) 17:56, 30 October 2008 (UTC)
 * No, first and foremost this is self promotion and is therefore ethically wrong, second I have been working in bioinformatics for ten years now and I never heard of your journal, so I doubt it is a major journal in the field. Looking at the website, it doesn't look like a peer reviewed scientific publications journal, but more a sort of business advertising thingy irrelevant to Bioinformatics article. Blastwizard (talk) 09:58, 31 October 2008 (UTC)

Modeling
I think "computational docking" and "protein structure prediction" belongs to "Modeling of biological systems". Should it be placed there?Biophys (talk) 01:55, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

 * I would agree since people in those fields in consuming bioinformatics generally make no pretense of contributing to algorithmic understanding of biological data. Specifically protein structure predictions usually are only concerned with a single molecule of significance and likewise with protein docking interfaces and the algorithms for these tasks seldom scale to large databases. 69.29.27.17 (talk) 02:09, 5 March 2009 (UTC)OK

Metabolic Pathways
Bioinformatics is also here to put some light on catabolic and anabolic pathways which are usually coded in the genes. How about documenting it explicitly folks? --84.157.227.183 (talk) 09:35, 25 July 2008 (UTC)

Spam concern about List of bioinformatics companies
Recently, an editor added a link here to a List of bioinformatics companies. It seems perfectly reasonable to maintain such a list, but my fear is that it may accumulate spam, or to speak more delicately, it may attract 'less notable entries, added by company representatives.' Part of the problem is this preamble to the list: "The primary purpose of this list is to serve as a holding place for the identities of Bioinformatics companies, particularly those for which articles have not yet been created." I have suggested over at Talk:List of bioinformatics companies that the list should *exclude* the companies that do not have articles. I'd welcome any comments on that article's talk page, either pro or con. EdJohnston (talk) 15:35, 14 August 2008 (UTC)

Out of place material
I have removed the following:

 * Gene finding typically refers to the area of computational biology that is concerned with algorithmically identifying stretches of sequence, usually genomic DNA, that are biologically functional. This especially includes protein-coding genes, but may also include other functional elements such as RNA genes and regulatory regions. Gene finding is one of the first and most important steps in understanding the genome of a species once it has been sequenced.

This was placed under "Analysis of gene expression" and does not match that topic. Please see the section on "Genome annotation" and improve that if you think it needs additional information.

Also:
 * Bioinformatics is the rapidly growing and developing field in computational science era. The major databases which are useful for life science research are NCBI, DDBJ, EMBL, TIGR, PDB, SWISS-PROT and TrEMBL. These databases are public databases, conduct research in computational biology, and develop software tools for analyzing genome and rpoteome data. With the rapidly emergence and vast development of this field, it has the bright perspectives in upcoming decades.[11]

This appears to be an "introduction" - it reads like the introduction to a student essay. The article already has a lead, you might consider making an addition there but I don't see what this contributes. I don't think adding a list of databases is appropriate without a relevant reference since it is biased - it's just what one writer thinks is useful for his own research.

— Preceding unsigned comment added by Madeleine Price Ball (talk • contribs) 06:11, 23 September 2009

I'm not sure, but does the description of Genome annotation appear once at the end of the sequence analysis section, and then in its own section? Seems like a repeat.--92.2.233.95 (talk) 17:10, 4 February 2012 (UTC)

Definition
"Bioinformatics is the application of information technology to the field of molecular biology. "

We currently are applying information technology to the field of (bological) taxonomy, and will be including profile data. Perhaps this definition might be made broader?
 * I am not so sure.

 * What kind of profile data do you have? Bobthefish2 (talk) 05:25, 20 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Oh my bad.. it seems this post was made ages ago. Bobthefish2 (talk) 05:27, 20 February 2011 (UTC)

Vague reference
Reference [1] "Bioinformatics Journal" seems a bit vague, as the page it directs to has none of the information cited in the Introduction. Anybody have any thoughts on this? gzur (talk) 13:28, 22 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Deleted it and the sentence it tagged, which was so broad as to be meaningless. I guess this talk page section serves as a record that Bioinformatics Journal might be a resource for expanding the article. --Danger (talk) 13:53, 22 September 2011 (UTC)

Start of Article
The start of the article has THREE lines of subject areas! I don't think this is necessary and it can (and is) summed up before it with "computer science." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.9.159.72 (talk) 05:30, 29 October 2011 (UTC)

Propose to add ISCB to external links
I propose to add the International Society for Computational Biology as an external link (http://www.iscb.org/). I think that this is the major society for the field that organises one of the largest conferences. Please let me know if you think this is innappropriate. Alexbateman (talk) 16:58, 29 February 2012 (UTC)
 * I consider the ISCB appropriate, but would be better to add it in the See Also section, as there is an article about it at International Society for Computational Biology. I have just added it, let's see what others think. --Mark viking (talk) 06:03, 3 February 2013 (UTC)

Disorganized Introduction section
The Introduction section seems long, rambling and somewhat repetitive. It could probably be improved by splitting into subsections, such as "History", "Approaches to modeling", etc. --Mark viking (talk) 06:05, 3 February 2013 (UTC)

Re-organization of this article
I suggest to reorganize this article by replacing the Major Research areas heading. Instead, I would group the existing sections into the following groups: (1) sequence analysis, (2) Gene and protein expression, (3) Regulation and networks, (4) Structural bioinformatics, i.e. using molecular structures, docking etc., (5) Text mining, (6) Image analysis, (7) Others (not sure if this is needed at this point but it may be later). All existing sections can be sorted into one of these groups. This will make navigation easier. If no one objects I will go ahead and reorganize things by mid February or so. Peteruetz (talk) 20:09, 30 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Yeah I think it'd be great to improve this article by cleaning it up a bit. Regarding your suggested headings, do you think text mining needs it own section? The current section doesn't really make a case for its specific significance in the field. Also, headings like "sequence analysis" could potentially be too broad, as it could cover things like genome annotation, alignment, assembly, variant calling, phylogenies… Maybe subheadings will be required. Anyway, yes I think a simplified structure such as the one you suggest would significantly improve the article. benmoore 21:12, 30 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Yes, "sequence analysis" is certainly very broad and would need a bunch of subheadings. In fact, some of the sections currently outside of "sequence analysis" should be moved to this subheading, e.g. Genome annotation or Comparative genomics (although one could argue that the latter also may cover structural bioinformatics, gene expression etc.). I will try to make those changes judiciously ;-) Peteruetz (talk) 19:42, 13 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Text mining: I would argue that a separate section makes sense. Text mining is a bit independent of other areas while it can be applied to pretty much all of these areas. For instance, you could mine texts for protein-protein interactions, for regulatory interactions, for phenotypes, disease assocations, functions, expression patterns, etc. So, it's more like a general methodology rather than a subject-specific area. Peteruetz (talk) 19:48, 13 February 2014 (UTC)

 * Text mining is an important part of bioinformatics in some areas, such as determining the significance of gene found in a genetic association study. Gene ontologies and pathway analysis can be based in part on text mining. Some secondary sources for text mining in bioinformatics are and . We also have an article Biomedical text mining which has some overlap with this subfield. --Mark viking (talk) 20:07, 13 February 2014 (UTC)

 * Ok great, I can see now why text mining is deserving of its own section in this article. benmoore 17:15, 20 February 2014 (UTC)

A cursory assessment
A few things I noticed (this may turn into a longer list):
 * 1) The annotation section is confused about whether it wants to link to Gene prediction or Genome project. The latter refers to "attaching biological information" and BLAST, which implies that assigning putative function to identified fragments is part of annotation; however, the way the section in this article currently reads, you could come away thinking that annotation is only identifying where genes are, not what they might do (even in a heuristic way).
 * 2) There is a section "genetics of disease", which links to Genome-wide association studies. This is a myopic perspective - GWAS are also used for non-disease traits, most importantly in livestock breeding but also similarly in plants.
 * 3) Then we suddenly dive into oncogenomics, which is really a sub-topic of SNP identification. However, SNP identification was not mentioned in the article until I introduced it in the lede.
 * 4) Overall, there is a pattern of complete lack of structure - for instance, there is a section entitled "Others". Oh deary me?

I think one thing that is badly needed is determining, obviously based on WP:RS, a clear and restrictive definition of what is and isn't part of bioinformatics, otherwise this article will continue to devolve into a series of "me too" sections. Samsara (FA • FP) 09:31, 27 August 2014 (UTC)

 * I don't think such a bright line exists in terms of a definition of bioinformatics (though it would be great if it did). I think the closest thing the field had to a core text was Mount's Bioinformatics, but looking at it now it's very dated (2nd ed. 2004) and focuses almost exclusively on what we might now call "classical bioinformatics". The scope of the textbook might be a good starting point though, unless anyone knows of a more modern replacement (?). (As an aside, I have the first edition at home which might be a great source for expanding history section, potentially to the point of spinning off an article.) benmoore 13:53, 27 August 2014 (UTC)

 * The subtitle of that work, "sequence and genome analysis", could be used as part of the evidence for saying that bioinformatics now is a narrower term than it was originally intended to be. In Hogeweg's recent paper, there is a section that acknowledges exactly that:
 * But was our definition of bioinformatics as the study of informatic processes in biotic systems at multiple levels just an historical quirk, to be superseded by the common meaning of the term as denoting the development and use of computational methods for comparative analysis of genome data?
 * I think this is an important distinction to present in the article. Thoughts? Samsara (FA • FP) 11:10, 29 August 2014 (UTC)

No mention of metagenomics and analysis of genome structure data like Hi-C
I think these deserve to be mentioned somewhere. They were featured prominently at the last RECOMB conference. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Djh901 (talk • contribs) 20:07, 24 July 2016 (UTC)

 * Agree. I think Hi-C could come under "analysis of regulation" - this particular part of the article could do with being made more specific to differentiate it from gene expression, and I've made a start on that. Hi-C could also go in with "Structural bioinformatics" (which mostly contains protein folding currently), though it would need to be clear that Hi-C is lot more macroscopic.Jmc200 (talk) 11:17, 8 August 2016 (UTC)

 * I started a small paragraph about Hi-C - I'm not sure where it should go, so it's in its own section for the time being. Jmc200 (talk) 14:06, 8 August 2016 (UTC)

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Requested edit
Here I am writing to propose a change to this page that I believe to be appropriate and factual, but I am disclosing my COI, namely that I lead the development of BioCyc, and am paid to work on BioCyc by the institution that employs me (they have not directed me specifically to modify this page). Many peer-reviewed articles have been published about BioCyc, so I have no problem with peer-review of my Wikipedia contribution. The most recent article is: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26527732. I also note that a Google search of "Metabolic Pathways" includes both KEGG and MetaCyc (one of the BioCyc databases) right after each other on the first page. You will note I have also made some other changes to the page to suggest additional databases that are among the most highly used databases in the bioinformatics field and not listing them is a great omission.

I'm proposing to add BioCyc as well as KEGG in the listing of metabolic pathway databases, as so. BioCyc and KEGG are both highly used databases in the field, as anyone in the field knows.

Used in Network Analysis: Metabolic Pathway Databases (KEGG, BioCyc), Interaction Analysis Databases, Functional Networks

Pkarp11 (talk) 20:44, 17 April 2017 (UTC)

 * ✅, since BioCyc has its own Wikipedia article. Altamel (talk) 06:55, 20 May 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bioinformatics


text:
Fugging, Upper Austria

Fugging, spelled Fucking until 2021, is an Austrian village in the municipality of Tarsdorf, located in the Innviertel region of western Upper Austria. It is 33 km north of Salzburg and 4 km east of the Inn river, which forms part of the German border.

Despite a population of only 106 in 2020, the village has drawn attention in the English-speaking world for its former name, which was spelled the same as an inflected form of the vulgar English-language word "fuck". Its road signs were a popular visitor attraction and were often stolen by souvenir-hunting vandals until 2005, when they were modified to be theft-resistant. A campaign to change the village's name to Fugging was rejected in 2004 but succeeded in late 2020.

Former name and etymology

The settlement is believed to have been founded in the 6th century AD by Focko, a Bavarian nobleman. The Austrian region during this century was mostly under the domain of the Kingdom of the Ostrogoths and was populated by a mix of Christians and pagans. The existence of the village was documented for the first time in 1070, and historical records show that some 20 years later, the lord was recorded in Latin as Adalpertus de Fucingin. The spelling of the name, which is pronounced with the English language vowel oo as in book, evolved over the years; it is first recorded in historical sources as Vucchingen in 1070, as Fukching in 1303, as Fugkhing in 1532, and in the modern spelling Fucking in the 18th century. The ending -ing is an old Germanic suffix indicating the people belonging to the root word to which it is attached, thus Fucking means "(place of) Focko's people".

Demographics
The Austrian census of 2020 recorded that the village had a population of 106. The Age reported in 2005 that it had 104 inhabitants and 32 houses.

Popularity and notoriety
Fugging is best known for the four traffic signs at the entrances to the village, beside which many English-speaking tourists have had their photograph taken because of its former name of "Fucking". British and United States soldiers based in nearby Salzburg noticed the name after World War II and began to travel to the village to have their photos taken beside the signs. The local residents, the Fuckingers, were bemused, as they had not previously been aware of the meaning of their village's name in English. During the second half of the 20th century and the early 21st century, the number of tourists visiting the village increased, including the occasional tour bus. The village is especially popular with British tourists; as a local tour guide explained: "The Germans all want to see Mozart's house in Salzburg; the Americans want to see where The Sound of Music was filmed; the Japanese want Hitler's birthplace in Braunau; but for the British, it's all about Fucking." Augustina Lindlbauer, the manager of an area guesthouse, said that the area had lakes, forests, and vistas worth visiting, but there was an "obsession with Fucking", and she had to explain to a British tourist "that there were no Fucking postcards". The English meaning of its name also resulted in the village being the butt of jokes in popular media. The Grand Tour featured the village in the 2017 episode "[censored] to [censored]", as part of a road trip from Wank via Kissing, Petting, and Fucking to Wedding. In 2019, Norwegian broadcasting company NRK Sport produced a comedic tourism video on Fucking. Released on YouTube, the video consists of the reporter and the former Melodi Grand Prix Junior presenter Nicolay Ramm both advertising the village's attractions and listing off a large number of double entendres based on its name.

The road signs were commonly stolen as souvenirs, and cost some 300 euros to replace. In 2005, theft-resistant welded signs were installed, secured in concrete. The mayor of Tarsdorf said that tourists were still welcome, though the local police chief emphasised that "we will not stand for the Fucking signs being removed. It may be very amusing for you British, but Fucking is simply Fucking to us. What is this big Fucking joke? It is puerile." One resident set up a website selling T-shirts featuring the signs, with the slogan "I like Fucking in Austria", but shut it down after other residents disapproved.

In 2009, the village said it would install surveillance cameras to deter tourists from continuing to attempt to steal the road signs. The mayor said that he would prefer not to see the village featured in the press anymore: "Just leave [us] alone".

In the same year, the European Union's Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market trademarks agency forbade a German brewery to market a beer called "Fucking Hell". The brewery successfully argued that "hell" in German means "pale" and that the beer is produced in Fucking; permission for the name was granted in January 2010. (The second part of the name is the German term for a pale lager, Hell.)

Name change
A 2004 vote on changing the village's name failed. "Everyone here knows what it means in English, but for us Fucking is Fucking—and it's going to stay Fucking" said the mayor as he pointed out that the name had been Fucking for 800 years. In April 2012, rumours spread through international media that villagers had been thinking about changing the name of the village or had actually voted to change it. The satirical website The Spoof! published a story that was expanded in the British tabloid the Daily Mirror. The story was then reported elsewhere as news, including by The Guardian and The Huffington Post, who said that a vote had taken place to change the name to Fugging, but it was discovered that a village with that name already existed in the municipality of Obritzberg-Rust just west of Herzogenburg. The mayor denied these rumours.

The council of Tarsdorf voted in their 17 November 2020 session to have the village's name officially changed to Fugging, effective 1 January 2021. A video by Danish YouTuber Albert Dyrlund, which drew attention to the village's peculiar name, was reportedly stated as being the reason for the name change. Around 28,673 people visited the village following the release of the video, disrupting local residents with the excessive filming and trespassing of local property such as the village's elementary school and residents' homes. The following month, signs with the new name were vandalised to read "Fucking".

In literature and film
Bad Fucking, a 2011 satirical mystery novel by the Austrian director and novelist Kurt Palm, is set in a slightly renamed Fucking; it won the Friedrich Glauser Prize and was filmed in 2013 by Harald Sicheritz.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Fugging, Upper Austria


text:
John Lloyd

John Lloyd may refer to:

Artists, writers, and entertainers

 * John J. Lloyd (1922–2014), American art director and production designer
 * John Lloyd (graphic designer) (born 1944), co-founder of design consultancy Lloyd Northover
 * John Lloyd (journalist) (born 1946), Scottish-born writer, journalist and publicist
 * John Lloyd (producer) (born 1951), British television producer and comedy writer
 * John Bedford Lloyd (born 1956), American actor
 * John Morgan Lloyd (1880–1960), Welsh musician and composer
 * John Selwyn Lloyd (born 1931), Welsh-language author

Sports

 * John Lloyd (Australian footballer) (1945–2022), Carlton Football Club and father of Matthew Lloyd
 * John Lloyd (boxer), British Olympic boxer; see Boxing at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Featherweight
 * John Lloyd (referee) (born 1948), Welsh former football referee
 * John Lloyd (rugby union) (born 1943), former head coach to Wales national rugby union team
 * John Lloyd (tennis) (born 1954), British tennis player
 * John Emrys Lloyd (1905–1987), British Olympic fencer
 * John Henry Lloyd (1884–1964), Negro leagues baseball player "Pop" Lloyd
 * John Lloyd (cricketer) (1844–1910), Welsh cricketer and barrister
 * Eddie Lloyd (John E. Lloyd, 1902–?), English professional footballer

Government, legal, and military

 * John Lloyd (Australian politician) (1818–1881), New South Wales politician
 * John Lloyd (Australian public servant), former Australian Public Service Commissioner
 * John Lloyd (brigadier) (1894–1965), Australian soldier and commander 16th Brigade
 * John Lloyd (MP for Denbighshire) (c. 1560–1606), British Member of Parliament
 * John Lloyd (Canadian politician) (1908–1985), member of Canadian House of Commons for Halifax electoral district
 * John Lloyd (Cardiganshire) (c. 1717–1755), Welsh Member of Parliament for Ceredigion
 * John Lloyd (civil servant) (born 1940), formerly Clerk to the National Assembly for Wales
 * John Lloyd (judge) (died 1607), one of the founding fellows of Jesus College, Oxford and judge of the High Court of Admiralty
 * John Lloyd (political reformer) (1833–1915), Welsh-born member of the London County Council
 * John Lloyd (scholar) (1750–1815), Welsh scholar, Fellow of the Royal Society and Member of Parliament for Flintshire
 * John Horatio Lloyd (1798–1884), British Member of Parliament for Stockport
 * John W. Lloyd (1831–?), American Medal of Honor recipient
 * John Yeeden Lloyd (1795–?), member of the New Zealand Legislative Council
 * Sir John Lloyd, 1st Baronet (died 1664), British Member of Parliament for Carmarthenshire
 * Selwyn Lloyd (John Selwyn Brooke Lloyd, 1904–1978), foreign secretary of the United Kingdom

Religious figures

 * John Lloyd (rector of Caerwys) (1733–1793), Welsh cleric and antiquarian
 * John Lloyd (bishop of St David's) (1638–1687), Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University, 1682–85
 * John Lloyd (bishop of Swansea) (1847–1915), Welsh suffragan bishop
 * John Lloyd (vicar of Cilcain) (1754–c. 1807), Welsh clergyman and academic
 * Saint John Lloyd (died 1679), one of the Catholic Forty Martyrs of England and Wales
 * John Lloyd (archdeacon of Montgomery) (1879–1951), Welsh clergyman
 * J. P. D. Lloyd (John Plummer Derwent Lloyd, 1861–1933), Episcopal cleric in the United States and Canada

Other people

 * John Augustus Lloyd (1800–1854), English engineer and surveyor
 * John Edward Lloyd (1861–1947), Welsh historian
 * John Hardress-Lloyd (1874–1952), soldier and polo player
 * John M. Lloyd (died 1892), Washington, D.C. policeman
 * John Uri Lloyd (1849–1936), American pharmacist
 * J. William Lloyd (1857–1940), American individualist anarchist
 * John Davies Knatchbull Lloyd, antiquarian researcher and public servant
 * John Lloyd (archaeologist), British classical archaeologist

title: John Lloyd


text:
TLC (group)

TLC is an American girl group formed in 1990 in Atlanta, Georgia. The group's best-known line-up was composed of Tionne "T-Boz" Watkins, Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes, and Rozonda "Chilli" Thomas. The group enjoyed success during the 1990s, with nine top-ten hits on the Billboard Hot 100, including four number-one singles: "Creep", "Waterfalls", "No Scrubs", and "Unpretty". The group also recorded four multi-platinum albums, including CrazySexyCool (1994), which received a diamond certification from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). TLC became the first R&B group in history to receive the million certification from the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) for FanMail (1999).

Having sold over 65 million records worldwide, TLC is the best-selling American girl group of all time. VH1 ranked TLC as the greatest female group, placing them at number 12 on the list of 100 Greatest Women in Music. Billboard magazine ranked TLC as one of the greatest musical trios, as well as the seventh-most-successful act of the 1990s. The group's accolades include four career Grammy Awards, five MTV Video Music Awards, and five Soul Train Music Awards.

Twenty years after their debut, TLC received the Outstanding Contribution to Music award at the 17th MOBO Awards and the Legend Award at the 2013 MTV Video Music Awards Japan. Following Lopes' death in 2002, instead of replacing her, the remaining members chose to continue as a duo. In 2017, they released their eponymous fifth album TLC. In 2022, the group was inducted into the Black Music & Entertainment Walk of Fame.

1990–1991: Formation and early years
In 1990, Atlanta-based record producer Ian Burke and one of his clients, a teenager named Crystal Jones, came up with a concept for a girl group with a tomboyish, hip-hop image, similar to the blend of contemporary R&B and hip-hop music of new jack swing act Bell Biv DeVoe. Jones put out a call for two more girls to join her, eventually answered by Tionne Watkins, a native of Des Moines, Iowa, who had moved to Atlanta with her family at a young age, and Lisa Lopes, a rapper who had just moved to the city from her native Philadelphia with a small keyboard and $750 ($0 today). The group, then named "2nd Nature", was formed of Jones, Watkins, and Lopes, who then began working with producers Jermaine Dupri and Rico Wade on demo tape material.

Through a connection at the hair salon where Watkins worked, the group eventually managed to arrange an audition with singer Perri "Pebbles" Reid, who had started her own management and production company, Pebbitone. Impressed by the girls, Reid renamed the group TLC, an acronym for the names Tionne, Lisa, and Crystal. Reid arranged an audition for them with local record label LaFace Records, run by Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds and Reid's then-husband, Antonio "L.A." Reid.

Antonio Reid saw potential in Watkins and Lopes as performers, but felt that Jones should be replaced. According to Jones, things began to unravel for her after Pebbles denied the group the opportunity to take home the contracts that Pebbitone had drafted. Jones did not want to sign before having the contract reviewed by others and perhaps a lawyer. In contrast, Watkins's recollection of Jones's departure is that both she and Lopes asked Jones to leave the group before their initial contracts were negotiated.

On February 28, 1991, Watkins and Lopes signed production, management, and publishing deals with Pebbitone, with Perri Reid becoming their general manager. As they looked for a replacement for Jones, the two-member TLC made its first recorded appearance on a track for LaFace act Damian Dame's self-titled 1991 LP. Pebbles found the third member in Rozonda Thomas, one of Damian Dame's part-time backup dancers.

Thomas was signed to the act in April 1991, and to maintain TLC's name as an acronym for the girls' names, Watkins became "T-Boz", Lopes became "Left-Eye", and Thomas became "Chilli". The girls were then signed to LaFace in May through the production deal with Pebbitone; their records would be distributed by Arista Records/BMG. TLC was immediately set up to go into the studio with Reid and Edmonds, Dallas Austin, Jermaine Dupri, and Marley Marl producing their first album. The new trio debuted as backing vocalists on "Rebel (With a Cause)", a track on Jermaine Jackson's sole album for LaFace, You Said (1991).

1991–1994: Ooooooohhh... On the TLC Tip and early success
Their debut album, Ooooooohhh... On the TLC Tip, was released on February 25, 1992, by LaFace/Arista Records. The songs on the album are a blend of funk (Watkins), hip-hop (Lopes), and R&B (Thomas), similar to the new jack-swing sound popularized by producer Teddy Riley in the late 1980s. The album was a critical and commercial success, being certified quadruple-platinum for shipments of four million copies in the United States. It scored three top-ten singles on the Billboard Hot 100 with "Ain't 2 Proud 2 Beg", "Baby-Baby-Baby" (peaked at number two), and "What About Your Friends", as well as the top 30 single "Hat 2 da Back". Observers coined the term "new jill swing" to describe the album and the group. Later, TLC's sound would evolve away from this genre, but not before opening the door for similar groups such as SWV, Destiny's Child, 702, Jade, and the Lopes-produced Blaque.

TLC's debut album, chiefly written by Dallas Austin and Lisa Lopes, consisted of playful lyrics, with some female-empowering songs. It was characterized by Watkins's contralto vocals, Thomas's mezzo-soprano vocals, and Lopes's soprano raps. The musical formula was augmented by the girls' brightly colored videos and peculiar costuming: each girl wore wrapped condoms on their clothing (Lopes also wore one over her left eye in a pair of glasses).

During this period, TLC recorded a song called "Sleigh Ride", which first appeared on the soundtrack of the film Home Alone 2: Lost in New York in 1992. A year later, the song was released as a promotional single and music video for the 1993 holiday season, appearing on the compilation album A LaFace Family Christmas. Also in 1993, TLC released a cover version of The Time's 1981 hit "Get It Up" as a single from the Poetic Justice film soundtrack.

During TLC's first national tour, as MC Hammer's opening act, Lopes and Thomas discovered that Watkins had sickle-cell anemia, a blood disorder which she kept as a closely guarded secret until becoming extremely ill while touring with TLC in the Southwest US, ending up hospitalized, with Lopes and Thomas staying with her, resulting in the cancellation of some concerts. Watkins continued to battle her condition and eventually became a spokesperson for the Sickle Cell Disease Association of America in the late 1990s.

At the conclusion of the tour, TLC, who had received little monetary compensation up to this point, decided that they no longer wished to employ Pebbles Reid as their manager, in an effort to hold more control over their careers. Reid released the group from its management deal, but they remained signed to Pebbitone, and Reid continued to receive a share of their earnings.

Lopes began dating American football player Andre Rison shortly after the release of Ooooooohhh... On the TLC Tip, and by 1994 the two were living together in Rison's upscale home. Their relationship was allegedly violent at times, and Lopes filed an assault charge against Rison on September 2, 1993, which Rison denied. Lopes was battling alcoholism at the time, having been a heavy drinker since the age of 15. After another fight between the couple in the early morning hours of June 9, 1994, Lopes tossed numerous pairs of Rison's newly purchased shoes into a bathtub, doused them with lighter fluid, and lit them on fire. The fiberglass bathtub quickly melted and set the structural frame of the house on fire. Lopes was arrested and indicted on charges of first-degree arson; she was sentenced to five years of probation and a $10,000 fine. Rison eventually reconciled with Lopes, and they continued dating on and off for seven years.

1993–1996: CrazySexyCool, career height and bankruptcy
TLC's second studio album, CrazySexyCool, saw the group reunited with producers Dallas Austin, Babyface, and Jermaine Dupri, as well as new collaborators Organized Noize, Chucky Thompson, and Sean "Puffy" Combs. Lopes was released from rehab to attend the recording sessions, but the finished album featured significantly less of her raps and vocals. An R&B and hip hop soul album, CrazySexyCool featured hip-hop beats, funk, deep grooves, propulsive rhythms, and smooth production. Released on November 15, 1994, CrazySexyCool was critically acclaimed, with Rolling Stone ranking it among the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. CrazySexyCool debuted at number 15. Eventually, it peaked at number three on the Billboard 200 and spent over two years on the chart. The album sold over 7.7 million copies in the United States alone and received a diamond certification from the RIAA. Worldwide the album sold over 14 million copies.

All four singles from CrazySexyCool reached the top five on the Billboard Hot 100—"Creep" and "Waterfalls" reached number one, "Red Light Special" peaked number two, and "Diggin' on You" reached number five. "Waterfalls", an Organized Noize-produced song that features an old-school soul-based musical arrangement, socially conscious lyrics criticizing drug dealing and unsafe sex, and an introspective rap from Lopes, became the biggest hit of TLC's career. Its million-dollar music video was an MTV staple for many months and made TLC the first black act to win MTV Video Music Award for Video of the Year. At the 38th Annual Grammy Awards, TLC took home Best R&B Album and Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group for "Creep". Billboard also crowned TLC as the Artist of the Year at the 1996 Billboard Music Awards.

Amidst their apparent success, the members of TLC filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on July 3, 1995. TLC declared debts totaling $3.5 million, some of it due to Lopes's insurance payments arising from the arson incident and Watkins's medical bills, but the primary reason being that the group received what they called a less than favorable deal from Pebbitone. After Arista Records, LaFace, and Pebbitone recouped their investment for recording costs and manufacturing and distribution (common recoupable charges in most record contracts), both Pebbitone and LaFace Records went on to charge for expenses such as airline travel, hotels, promotion, music videos, food, clothing, and other expenses. According to the members of TLC, ironically, the more successful the album became, the more they were in debt. In addition to this, managers, lawyers, producers, and taxes had to be paid, leaving each member of the group with less than $50,000 a year after having sold millions upon millions of albums.

TLC sought to renegotiate their 1991 contract with LaFace, under which they received only 56 cents (split three ways) per album sold—considerably less than most major label recording contracts —and received even less than this for each single sold; TLC also wanted to dissolve their association with Pebbitone. LaFace Records refused to renegotiate their deal midway through the contract, thus prompting TLC to file a bankruptcy petition. Both Pebbitone and LaFace countered that TLC "simply" wanted more money and were in no real financial danger, resulting in two years of legal debates before the cases were finally settled in late 1996. TLC's contract was renegotiated with LaFace, and Pebbitone agreed to let them out of their production/management deal in exchange for Pebbitone receiving a percentage of royalties on some future releases. By this time, Pebbles had separated from her husband. TLC also bought the rights to the name TLC, which was previously owned by Pebbles.

TLC recorded the theme song to Nickelodeon's popular sketch comedy All That, which was produced and co-written by Arnold Hennings. The show ran for ten seasons from 1994 to 2005, and was later revived in 2019. The group appeared on the soundtrack album of the Forest Whitaker's 1995 film Waiting to Exhale with "This Is How It Works" (a song written by Babyface and Lopes) and was set to re-enter the recording studio the following year after signing a new contract with LaFace and with distribution handled by Arista. Watkins began to release her solo effort with "Touch Myself", a single from the soundtrack album of 1996 film Fled; It reached the top 40 on the Billboard Hot 100. Lopes also collaborated with fellow female rappers Missy "Misdemeanor" Elliott, Da Brat, and Angie Martinez on Lil' Kim's single "Not Tonight". It peaked at number six on the Hot 100 and was nominated for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group at the 40th Grammy Awards.

1997–2000: FanMail and members feud
Preliminary work on TLC's third studio album was delayed when friction arose between the group and their main producer Dallas Austin, who was romantically involved with Thomas and had had a child with her in 1997. Austin wanted $4.2 million and creative control to work on the project, resulting in a stand-off between the producer and the artists. During this period, Thomas appeared in the independent film HavPlenty, while Watkins co-starred with rappers Nas and DMX in Hype Williams's 1998 film Belly. Lopes started her own production company, Left-Eye Productions, and signed Blaque, an R&B trio. Under her guidance, Blaque released their 1999 self-titled debut album, which was certified platinum and contained two top-ten singles on the Billboard Hot 100. Lopes also hosted the short-lived MTV talent series The Cut (1998), which featured then-unknown recording artists Ne-Yo and Anastacia.

TLC eventually began working with other producers for their third album, until finally negotiating with Austin, who produced the bulk of the album. Lopes always had an idea of a futuristic feel for the project, which Austin incorporated into the album. Titled FanMail, the album was released in February 1999, another critical and commercial success. It debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart and was certified six-time platinum by the RIAA for six million copies shipped in the United States. Worldwide the album exceeded over 10 million copies sold. "No Scrubs" was released as the lead single and became a worldwide hit, topping the singles charts in Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, and the United States. The album's second single, "Unpretty", incorporated folk and alternative rock influences and became TLC's fourth number-one hit on the Billboard Hot 100. The other three singles also received decent radio play: "Silly Ho", "I'm Good at Being Bad", and Edmonds-written ballad, "Dear Lie".

At the 42nd Annual Grammy Awards, FanMail received eight nominations, and won three awards: Best R&B Album, Best R&B Song and Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals, the last two for "No Scrubs". At the Lady of Soul Awards, the group was honored with the Aretha Franklin Entertainer of the Year Award. TLC went on a worldwide tour called the FanMail Tour. The group had a PayPerView special of their tour, which at the time became PayPerView's highest-grossing televised special.

During and after the release of FanMail, Lopes made it known to the press on multiple occasions that she felt that she was unable to express herself in TLC fully. Her contributions to songs had been reduced to periodic eight-bar raps, and there were several songs in which she had no vocals. Studio session singers such as Debra Killings often sang background vocals for the group's songs, something Lopes also wanted to do on songs in which she did not rap. In late 1999, Entertainment Weekly published a letter written by Lopes that challenged her groupmates Watkins and Thomas to all record solo albums and see which album performed the best:

"'I challenge Tionne 'Player' Watkins (T-Boz) and Rozonda 'Hater' Thomas (Chilli) to an album entitled The Challenge... a 3-CD set that contains three solo albums. Each (album)... will be due to the record label by October 1, 2000... I also challenge producer Dallas 'The Manipulator' Austin to produce all of the material and do it at a fraction of his normal rate. As I think about it, I'm sure LaFace would not mind throwing in a $1.5 million prize for the winner.'"

The members eventually settled the feud, and The Challenge was never taken up. After the conclusion of the successful FanMail tour, they took some time off and pursued personal interests. Lopes was the first to begin recording her solo album, Supernova. The album was released in Europe, and the first—and only—single "The Block Party" reached the Top 20 on the UK Singles Chart. The song was released in the United States a few weeks before the scheduled album release. However, when the song did not perform well, the album's release was canceled for North America, and no further singles were promoted. In 2000, Spice Girls member Melanie C collaborated with Lopes on the single "Never Be the Same Again"; it became an international hit reaching number one in many countries. On August 1, 2001, the group performed "Waterfalls" at MTV's 20th anniversary party in New York City, which would be their final performance as a trio before the death of Lopes.

2002–2006: Lisa Lopes' death, 3D and R U the Girl
Following her unsuccessful debut solo album, Supernova, Lopes started working on her second solo album, known as N.I.N.A. (New Identity Non Applicable), whilst regrouping with Watkins and Thomas to record raps for TLC's fourth album. On April 25, 2002, before both projects were completed, Lopes died in a car crash while filming a documentary in Honduras, which would later be released as The Last Days of Left Eye in 2007 on VH1. After taking a two-week hiatus following Lopes's death, Watkins, Thomas, and Austin decided that they would complete the remainder of their fourth album, to be called 3D, which also featured production from Rodney Jerkins, The Neptunes, Raphael Saadiq, Missy Elliott, and Timbaland. They also decided that TLC would go on an indefinite hiatus after the release and promotion of 3D, rather than replace Lopes and continue as a group. However, they chose to carry on as a duo. Lopes appears vocally on 3D, as she had already completed her vocals for three songs for the new album, two of which were included on the standard version. Also, two other songs featured vocals of hers taken from previously unreleased songs, and several of the songs eulogized Lopes. 3D was released on November 12, 2002.

Upon its release, 3D debuted at number six on the Billboard 200 and was certified two times platinum by the RIAA for two million shipped in the United States. It failed to generate success overseas, except for Japan, where it reached number two and achieved platinum from the RIAJ for 200,000 copies sold. The album's lead single, "Girl Talk", peaked at number 28 on the Billboard Hot 100, making it their lowest-charting lead single ever. Its music video featured Watkins and Thomas alone in live-action segments and Lopes in animated segments. It was followed by "Hands Up", which became their first single not to enter the Hot 100 chart (peaking at number seven on the Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles), and "Damaged", which reached number 53 on the Hot 100.

In June 2003, a year after the death of Lopes, at Zootopia, an annual concert hosted by New York radio station Z100 held at Giants Stadium, TLC appeared in what was announced to be their last performance. The group, introduced by Britney Spears and Carson Daly, showed a video montage dedicated to Lopes and went on to perform songs against video footage of Lopes performing the same songs and wearing the same outfits appearing onstage. Nevertheless, TLC made a comeback in February 2004 as a featured artist on a Japanese charity single titled VOICE OF LOVE POSSE with other Japanese artists. In 2003, LaFace released the first TLC's greatest hits album titled Now & Forever: The Hits with a new song, "Come Get Some", featuring Lil Jon and Sean P of the YoungBloodZ. However, the compilation was not released in the United States until June 2005. The album debuted at number 53, with 20,000 copies sold.

On June 25, 2004, Watkins and Thomas announced that they were pitching a reality television show that was eventually picked up for development by UPN. Titled R U the Girl, the show debuted on July 27, 2005. Despite media speculation that the winner of the series was to become a new, permanent member of TLC, Watkins and Thomas have vowed never to replace Lopes with a new member. The winner of the show, 20-year-old Tiffany "O'so Krispie" Baker, worked with Watkins and Thomas to record a new song, "I Bet", and they performed it together during a live concert finale in Atlanta. Roughly 4.1 million viewers tuned in for the season finale of R U The Girl on September 20, 2005. "I Bet" was released to radio and iTunes on October 4, 2005, but failed to make it onto the charts. The song later became a bonus track on Now & Forever: The Hits.

2007–2014: Hiatus and biographical television film
On August 20, 2007, a new greatest hits album was released in the UK called Crazy Sexy Hits: The Very Best of TLC. The album fared better than previous compilation Now & Forever: The Hits, peaking at number 57 on the UK Albums Chart. Watkins and Thomas made a special appearance at the BET Awards on June 24, 2008. They, along with the original members of En Vogue and SWV, performed in Alicia Keys's tribute to girl groups. TLC performed a 13-song set in Japan during the 2009 Springroove music festival on April 4. They also performed their set to the 10,000 audience members at the Justin Timberlake and Friends benefit concert, held on October 17, 2009, at the Mandalay Bay Events Center in the Las Vegas Valley, U.S. TLC later performed on the season finale of American Idol, which aired on May 25, 2011. On May 21, 2023, they performed again on the show for the first time in 11 years, singing a medley of their hits, including "No Scrubs", "Creep", and "Waterfalls", with contestant Lucy Love.

In 2012, Watkins and Thomas appeared in British pop group Stooshe's music video for their cover version of "Waterfalls". It was later included in Totally T-Boz, a docu-series chronicling Watkins's move to California, health issues, and solo endeavors. Stooshe later performed "Waterfalls" at the 17th annual MOBO Awards on November 3, 2012, where TLC was honored with Outstanding Contribution to Music. On June 23, 2013, TLC received the Legend Award at the 2013 MTV Video Music Awards Japan, at which they also performed a medley of their hit singles. On June 19, 2013, to celebrate their 20th anniversary in the music industry, the group released a Japan-exclusive compilation album titled TLC 20: 20th Anniversary Hits, which includes remastered versions of their old songs; as a gift for their Japanese fans, they also recorded a new version of "Waterfalls", enlisting Japanese singer Namie Amuro to sing Lopes's part. The decision to record with Amuro was raised as an issue by Lopes's family, who felt "betrayed", as they were not informed about the vocal replacement. Watkins and Thomas subsequently stated that they had been unable to gain clearance to use Lopes's vocals for the new version of the song, but that Lopes would have approved of having Amuro on the track.

TLC was featured on "Crooked Smile", the second single from American rapper J. Cole's 2013 album Born Sinner. It peaked at number 27 on the Billboard Hot 100, giving TLC their first top-40 hit in over a decade. The collaboration won the "Impact Track" award at the 2013 BET Hip Hop Awards and was nominated for MTV Video Music Award for Best Video with a Social Message at the 2014 MTV Video Music Awards. They also made an appearance at the 2013 MTV Video Music Awards, introducing Drake's performance. TLC signed a new recording contract with Epic Records and released an American version of the compilation album 20 on October 15, 2013. The album included one new recording, "Meant to Be", written and produced by Ne-Yo. The song served as the soundtrack for CrazySexyCool: The TLC Story, a TLC biographical telefilm, which premiered on VH1 on October 21, 2013. Directed by Charles Stone III, the film starred Keke Palmer as Thomas, Lil Mama as Lopes, and Drew Sidora as Watkins. The film uses the newly rearranged songs from TLC 20: 20th Anniversary Hits. The premiere broadcast garnered 4.5 million viewers, a five-year ratings high for VH1. In November 2013, TLC had three albums charting on the Billboard 200, including 20 at number 12, CrazySexyCool at number 108 and Now and Forever: The Hits at number 169.

On November 24, 2013, TLC performed a highly anticipated rendition of "Waterfalls" at the 2013 American Music Awards, with Lil Mama delivering Lopes's part, including the rap segment. Subsequently, TLC performed "No Scrubs" with Lil Mama on the Dancing with the Stars television show. In January 2014, TLC appeared at VH1's "Super Bowl Concert Series" performing at the Beacon Theatre in New York City. TLC announced the first Australian tour of their career in April 2014, consisting of shows in Sydney, Brisbane, Melbourne, and Perth. The group performed a set of their hits, including visual and vocal representation of Lopes for the performance. On December 12, 2014, TLC released a new Christmas song titled "Gift Wrapped Kiss".

2015–present: Comeback tours and self-titled studio album

On January 19, 2015, TLC announced their plan to release their fifth and final album with the launch of a Kickstarter campaign. They asked fans to help finance the project by donating a pledge of at least $5 to reach their goal of $150,000. In less than 48 hours, they surpassed their goal and become the "fastest most-funded pop project in Kickstarter history". Among other artists who donated were New Kids on the Block (donating $10,000), Katy Perry (donating $5,000), Soulja Boy, Bette Midler, and Justin Timberlake. The Kickstarter campaign raised a total of $400,000. In an interview published following the end of the campaign, Watkins and Thomas clarified that they would never split up following the release and promotion of the album and that they would continue to perform together as TLC.

In May 2015, TLC embarked on a North American tour with New Kids on the Block and Nelly titled The Main Event Tour. It was their first tour in 15 years since the completion of the Fanmail Tour in 2000. Subsequently, TLC embarked on TLC 2016–17 Tour and I Love the 90s: The Party Continues Tour. During the development of their album, they petitioned Lisa Lopes's brother Ron Lopes for assistance with making Left Eye's presence on the album a possibility since she had an abundance of unreleased material. However, they ultimately passed on using any of Lopes's archive recordings as the available source material conflicted with the sound that they were recording for the album. On October 28, 2016, TLC released two new songs off of the new album called "Joyride" and "Haters" in Japan. The former hit number one on the iTunes R&B chart in Japan. For the first time ever, on December 8, 2016, TLC performed "Sleigh Ride" with surprise guest Missy Elliott along with their latest song "Sunny" on Taraji's White Hot Holidays, a Fox holiday special hosted by actress Taraji P. Henson.

Their fifth and most recent studio album, TLC, was released on June 30, 2017. The album's first single "Way Back" featuring Snoop Dogg was released April 14 to all major digital music outlets and streaming services, but not to radio. The single was produced by D'Mile and released via TLC's newly formed independent label 852 Musiq, which is distributed through RED Distribution in the US. TLC made its UK Debut at London's KOKO on May 9, 2017. Ultimately, TLC sold 12,000 copies domestically in the first week.

In July 2019, TLC embarked on the Whole Lotta Hits Tour, co-headlining with Nelly and supported by Flo Rida. It was announced in October 2020, that television channel A&E Network had greenlit a brand new two-hour documentary special chronicling the group's meteoric rise to the top. Tentatively titled Biography: TLC, the documentary was set to be executive produced by Academy Award-winning director Roger Ross Williams and Emmy Award-winning producer Geoff Martz. Directed by Matt Kay, the special was scheduled to premiere on A&E some time in 2021 but was later pushed back to 2022; then 2023. Titled TLC Forever, it premiered on Lifetime and A&E, on June 2, 2023.

In June 2021, it was announced that TLC would embark on Celebration of CrazySexyCool, an 18-city concert tour of the United States to commemorate the 25th anniversary of their blockbuster sophomore album CrazySexyCool which was certified 12× platinum by the RIAA in October 2019. The tour, which included Bone Thugs-n-Harmony as an opening act and other surprise guests, began on September 3, 2021, in Albertville, Alabama.

In March 2022, it was announced TLC would be playing at the Glastonbury Festival in June.

On March 13, 2023, it was announced that TLC would join Shaggy on the Hot Summer Nights tour with special guests En Vogue and Sean Kingston; the tour began on June 1.

Legacy and influence
Vibe believed that there would be no "all-Black female R&B group having a chemistry, cultural and commercial impact as remotely comparable as TLC" and dubbed CrazySexyCool as "the blueprint for female ensembles to follow". The Philippine Daily Inquirer called TLC "the most influential female group the world has ever seen". Singer Beyoncé, the former lead singer of Destiny's Child, stated that "TLC has influenced just about every female group that's out there now, and they definitely influenced Destiny's Child." Craig JC from Clutch wrote that TLC was "big and influential" during the 1990s and that their contemporaries such as SWV, Total, Blaque, 3LW, Brownstone, 702, Jade, Xscape and En Vogue did not have TLC's crossover appeal. David A. Keeps from Rolling Stone explained the impact of TLC:

"'TLC's career has been filled with both hits and headlines. The group was one of the few R&B acts to build a strong identity out of its initial success, and they exerted more control over each successive record. Their music—particularly the 11-million-selling CrazySexyCool and the 6-million-selling FanMail, both of which won two Grammys each—set the standard for contemporary R&B. TLC helped to pioneer a deft blend of acoustic and computer sounds that paved the way for groups like Destiny's Child, as did their image as independent women. Whether addressing AIDS in 'Waterfalls' or the struggle for female self-esteem in 'Unpretty', they showed themselves able to take serious issues to the top of the pop charts.'"

TLC is the best-selling American girl group since the Supremes, with 65 million records sold worldwide. According to the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), TLC has 23 million certified album sales. TLC and the Chicks are the only two female ensembles to receive the RIAA diamond award, which indicates sales of 10,000,000 copies. According to Billboard, TLC is the second most successful girl group on the Billboard charts, behind the Supremes.

Members

 * Tionne "T-Boz" Watkins (1990–present) – primary lead vocals, dancing, background vocals
 * Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes (1990–2002; died 2002) – rapping, dancing, background vocals
 * Brittany Rae Beckner-Villegas (1990–1991) – secondary lead vocals, dancing,song writing,background vocals
 * Rozonda "Chilli" Thomas (1991–present) – secondary lead vocals, dancing, background vocals

Discography

 * Studio albums
 * Ooooooohhh... On the TLC Tip (1992)
 * CrazySexyCool (1994)
 * FanMail (1999)
 * 3D (2002)
 * TLC (2017)

Tours
Headlining tours
 * FanMail Tour (1999–2000)
 * 2016 Tour (2016)
 * I Love the 90s: The Party Continues Tour (2017)
 * CeleBraTion of CrazySexyCool (2021–2022)

Co-headlining tours
 * The Main Event (2015)
 * Whole Lotta Hits Tour (2019) (with Nelly)
 * Hot Summer Nights Tour (2023) (with Shaggy)

title: TLC (group)


text:
Sasha & John Digweed

Sasha & John Digweed are a British DJ duo comprising Sasha and John Digweed. Digweed had been DJing for ten years before getting a gig at Renaissance where he met Sasha, who had been working the past few years in various acid house music clubs and raves. Together, they honed their DJ skills, focusing on track selection and technical mixing abilities. In 1994, they released the triple CD mix album Renaissance: The Mix Collection on Renaissance Records. It contained many popular dance hits of the time from artists such as Leftfield, Fluke, and 2 Bad Mice as well as original productions and remixes from themselves. Two years later, the duo became "true superstars" (AllMusic) with the release of their double CD Northern Exposure on mega-label Ministry of Sound. This release was brought to the United States the next year in a single CD package on Ultra Records. 1997 saw the release of the Northern Exposure 2 double CD mix album, again on Ministry of Sound. Sasha and Digweed toured internationally, helping define the sound of progressive house & trance music in the late 1990s. In 1998, both John Digweed and Sasha released separate mix albums on Boxed as part of the Global Underground series with Digweed's GU 006: Sydney and Sasha's GU 009: San Francisco release.

In the late 1990s, Digweed and Sasha took up residency at New York City's famous Twilo nightclub as well as releasing their third edition in the Northern Exposure series: Northern Exposure: Expeditions. They both continued their success in the Global Underground series with Digweed's GU 014: Hong Kong and Sasha's GU 013: Ibiza. In addition to their residency, they toured the United States, especially to promote their DJ mix Communicate in 2000. Shortly thereafter, they embarked on their international Delta Heavy Tour in 2002. They have collaborated little since Delta Heavy. They appeared together at the 2007 Bonnaroo Music Festival, and counted down the new year during a four-hour set in Los Angeles at Together As One.

In 2008, Sasha & Digweed announced their plans to do another tour of North America taking in 21 cities in one month, as they announced the Sasha and John Digweed Spring Club Tour 2008. The tour began at the Winter Music Conference on 27 March at the club Mansion. This was the first time they toured North America together in six years.

In 2009, Sasha & Digweed headlined the SW4 festival in London's Clapham Common.

Early years and Renaissance (1993–1995)
In early 1993, Renaissance DJs Sasha and John Digweed teamed up for DJ sets together. The pair had honed their DJing skills, often performing in tandem and focusing on track selection and technical mixing abilities. Renaissance was pleased with their performances together. Renaissance decided to let the duo compile the triple mix album, entitled Renaissance - The Mix Collection, releasing it on the club's own Renaissance Records label in April 1994, by which point Sasha had already left Renaissance. Sasha had been featured on the cover of Mixmag with the tagline "SON OF GOD?", though he did not welcome the accolade. The album featured tracks from such artists as Leftfield, Fluke, and 2 Bad Mice, and original productions and remixes from Sasha and Digweed, and was successful in the UK Compilation Chart where it peaked at #9. Another album, Renaissance: The Mix Collection Part 2, acting as the second part to Renaissance: The Mix Collection, was released in 1995. As Sasha had left Renaissance, John Digweed mixed this album alone.

Northern Exposure (1996–2000)
After touring together for a further two years, the duo became "true superstars" with the release of their next mix album, the double Northern Exposure on the Ministry of Sound's record label. The album was designed as a concept album of two "journeys", disc one being 0° North and the second, 0° South. A special unmixed version of the album with a highly altered track list was released on vinyl. The album was critically acclaimed and is generally considered a landmark in the history of progressive house.

In 1997, the duo worked on a follow-up to Northern Exposure, again following the concept album theme, with one disc representing the West Coast and the other disc the East Coast. It was released in 1997 on the Ministry of Sound label as Northern Exposure 2. The album only charted at #15 in the UK Compilation Chart but it was again a critical success. To support the album, the duo toured internationally, and in the process helped to define the sound of trance music in the late 1990s. After extensive touring, Digweed and Sasha took up residency at New York City's famous Twilo nightclub, where they would DJ for the entire night. In 1998, the two released separate mix albums on the Boxed label, as part of the Global Underground series: Digweed's Global Underground 006: Sydney, and Sasha's Global Underground 009: San Francisco, which drew from Sasha's experience touring on the West Coast of the United States. Both DJs formed their own record labels that year: Sasha created Excession Records and Digweed started Bedrock Records. Excession released fewer than ten records, the last in 1998; the experience, however, led Sasha to found the management agency "Excession: The Agency LTD." Excession remains a booking agency for many DJs, including Hybrid, Nick Warren, and Steve Lawler.

In 1998, Sasha and Digweed reunited in the studio to record their third and final album for the Northern Exposure series, Northern Exposure: Expeditions, which saw the duo voyage into exploring vocal trance. Popular with critics, it charted better in the UK Compilations Chart than their previous albums, the CD version charting at #6 (the vinyl edition of the album, largely different from the CD version, charted at #37).

Communicate (2000–2001)
In between touring and producing original material, Sasha and Digweed released the mix album Communicate in 2000, prompting them to temporarily leave their Twilo residency for a promotional tour of the United States. Communicate had reasonable commercial success, but it received mixed reviews: Spin stated that despite a "few stellar moments, [Communicate] is ultimately a let-down". LAUNCHcast, too, described Communicate as "boring and lackluster...stalled in a monochrome world of dead beats". To promote the album, the duo toured the United States.

During the late 1990s, the increased popularity and visibility of "superstar DJs" led to the creation of superclubs such as Liverpool's Cream and Sheffield's Gatecrasher. By 2003, however, electronic dance music clubs languished. Though dance music had been declared "dead" by many in the dance industry, Sasha continued to tour—despite the closing of many superclubs, including his resident club Twilo in May 2001. Sasha was unable to play their last gigs at Twilo due to an ear injury, leaving Digweed to perform alone.

Delta Heavy tour and hiatus (2002–2006)
Sasha and Digweed began their ambitious Delta Heavy Tour of the United States in 2002, following the closing of Twilo. The tour featured veteran tour producer Kevin Lyman and opening act Jimmy Van M, the tour covered 31 cities and played to 85,000 people. Sasha and Digweed performed at Water Street Music Hall in Rochester, New York in April 2002. The appearances were complete with laser shows and video production, were similar to rock concerts than to typical DJ events. This motif was new to the DJing scene, and compelled other DJs to host similar concerts.

2004 marked the tenth anniversary of Renaissance: The Mix Collection, which had been out of print for years prior. Sasha and Digweed decided to release an anniversary edition of the album. However, rather than re-release the album straight forward, they recreated the album in a brand new session. Two tracks by M People that featured on the original 1994 release had to be dropped due to licensing issues, so they were replaced by a track each by Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark and Anthony White respectively. Though the original blend sequences from the original album remained the same, Sasha and Digweed re-created the album using Apple G4 laptops in order to create, what they considered, a better quality version of the original mix, with recording techniques simply not available in 1994, as well as the advantage of crystal clear audio, and spatial separation of frequencies within the song, making it sound more dynamic.

The duo's next release was based on Delta Heavy. The release was a Region 1 DVD of performance highlights, interviews, and behind-the-scenes footage, Sasha & John Digweed present Delta Heavy, released on System Recordings. Ben Turner, creator of the DanceStar awards, retrospectively described the Delta Heavy tour as "a landmark moment for electronic music".

Though the duo of Sasha and Digweed never explicitly split up, demanding schedules and frequent independent touring prevented any substantial collaboration for a long period after Delta Heavy.

Reunion (2006–present)
Though frequent performing and other activities prevented them from working together for several years, Sasha and Digweed announced that they would reunite for a few Australian performances, starting in November 2006. The duo performed at several venues, including Sydney, Brisbane, and Melbourne as well as numerous tour dates which had followed throughout 2007. In 2008, Sasha and Digweed started an American tour with a performance at the Winter Music Conference. The duo played at mainly larger venues on the weekends and smaller (750-1000 people) shows on weekdays. Sasha described their music as "driving and dark" with "a little throwback of Twilo sounds". They appeared together at the 2007 Bonnaroo Music Festival, and counted down the new year during a 4-hour set in Los Angeles at Together As One. Another extensive hiatus as a live duo took place after the 2010 WMC Miami Boat Cruise set. After a surprise b2b performance on Easter of 2016, Sasha and Digweed confirmed via Twitter that a world tour was in the works beginning in September which commenced on 9 September at the Social Festival in Kent, UK. They have toured intermittently and extensively on a global scale together since.

title: Sasha & John Digweed


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Sandra Collins

Sandra Collins is an American DJ, record producer, and remixer.

Biography
Collins got her start on the West Coast of the U.S. in Phoenix, Arizona and then moved into residencies in Los Angeles, and eventually moved towards trance. She used American producers to give herself a unique sound. Collins performed for an estimated 80,000 people on the first night of Woodstock '99, and was the first female DJ featured in the influential Tranceport recording series. She has released two CD mixes under Paul Oakenfold's Perfecto label.

Collins was the focus of a 2013 documentary, Girl, highlighting female DJs in EDM subculture.

title: Sandra Collins


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Metamagical Themas

Metamagical Themas is an eclectic collection of articles that Douglas Hofstadter wrote for the popular science magazine Scientific American during the early 1980s. The anthology was published in 1985 by Basic Books.

The volume is substantial in size and contains extensive notes concerning responses to the articles and other information relevant to their content. (One of the notes—page 65—suggested memetics for the study of memes.)

Major themes include: self-reference in memes, language, art and logic; discussions of philosophical issues important in cognitive science/AI; analogies and what makes something similar to something else (specifically what makes, for example, an uppercase letter 'A' recognizable as such); and lengthy discussions of the work of Robert Axelrod on the prisoner's dilemma, as well as the idea of superrationality.

The concept of superrationality, and its relevance to the Cold War, environmental issues and such, is accompanied by notes on experiments conducted by the author at the time. Another notable feature is the inclusion of two dialogues in the style of those appearing in Gödel, Escher, Bach. Ambigrams are mentioned.

There are three articles centered on the Lisp programming language, in which Hofstadter first details the language itself, and then shows how it relates to Gödel's incompleteness theorem. Two articles are devoted to Rubik's Cube and similar puzzles. Many chapters open with an illustration of an extremely abstract alphabet, yet one which is still gestaltly recognizable as such.

The game of Nomic was first introduced to the public in this column, in June 1982, when excerpts from a book (still unpublished at the time) by the game's creator Peter Suber were printed and discussed.

The index of the book mentions Hofstadter's recurring alter ego, Egbert B. Gebstadter.

List of Hofstadter's "Metamagical Themas" columns
From January 1957 through December 1980, Martin Gardner's "Mathematical Games" column was a monthly feature in Scientific American magazine. In 1981, Gardner's column alternated with a new column by Hofstadter called "Metamagical Themas" (an anagram of "Mathematical Games"). Then Hofstadter's column appeared monthly from January 1982 through July 1983.

French edition
Metamagical Themas was also published in French, under the title Ma Thémagie (InterEditions, 1988), the translators being Jean-Baptiste Berthelin, Jean-Luc Bonnetain, and Lise Rosenbaum.

The wordplay was lost in the French title, and replaced with another one (ma Thémagie would translate to "my themagy", where "themagy" is a neologism, but could also be read as maths et magie, which translates to "maths and magic"). The translators had contemplated Le matin des métamagiciens, which would have been a play on Hofstadter's title plus Le Matin des Magiciens and Jeux malins des mathématiciens (respectively, The Dawn of the Magicians and Clever Tricks of Mathematicians); however, the publisher found that suggestion to be too elaborate.

Reception
Dave Langford reviewed Metamagical Themas for White Dwarf #88, and stated that "a heady mixture of computers, art, mathematics, philosophy, jokes and above all games."

title: Metamagical Themas


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Satisfaction

Satisfaction may refer to:
 * Contentment
 * Computer user satisfaction
 * Customer satisfaction
 * Job satisfaction
 * Satisfaction theory of atonement, a Christian view of salvation
 * The regaining of honour in a duel
 * The process or outcome of assigning values to the free variables of a satisfiable formula

Law

 * Satisfaction of legacies, a doctrine of fulfilling a legacy during the testator's lifetime.
 * Accord and satisfaction, a contract law concept about the purchase of the release from a debt obligation

Film and television

 * Satisfaction (1988 film), an American comedy-drama film
 * Satisfaction (2010 film), a Russian drama film
 * Satisfaction (American TV series), a 2014–2015 drama series
 * Satisfaction (Australian TV series), a 2007–2010 drama series
 * Satisfaction (Canadian TV series), a 2013 sitcom
 * "Satisfaction" (Do Not Disturb), a 2008 TV episode
 * "Satisfaction" (Young Justice), a 2012 TV episode

Music

 * THEESatisfaction, a 2008–2016 American hip-hop duo
 * Satisfaction!, a 1965 album by Don Patterson, or the title track

Songs

 * "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction", by the Rolling Stones, 1965; covered by Devo (1977) and others
 * "Satisfaction" (Benny Benassi song), 2002
 * "Satisfaction" (Eve song), 2003
 * "Satisfaction" (F.T. Island song), 2011
 * "Satisfaction" (Laura Branigan song), 1984
 * "Satisfaction", by Vanilla Ice from Extremely Live, 1991
 * "Satisfaction", by Wendy & Lisa from Fruit at the Bottom, 1989
 * "Satisfaction", by Zayn from Icarus Falls, 2018

title: Satisfaction


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User:Cunciforme~enwiki

fr:utilisateur:cunciforme

title: User:Cunciforme~enwiki


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Reel Big Fish

Reel Big Fish is an American ska punk band from Huntington Beach, California. The band gained mainstream recognition in the mid-to-late 1990s during the third wave of ska with the release of the gold-certified album Turn the Radio Off. Soon after, the band lost mainstream recognition but gained an underground cult following. As of 2006, the band was no longer signed to a major record label and has since been independent. After numerous line-up changes, frontman Aaron Barrett is the last remaining founding member still performing in the band.

1991–2001: Early success
The band formed in 1991 while the members were in high school. The group started as a cover band until they released a demo in 1992, titled In The Good Old Days. With the departure of Ben Guzman soon after, then backup vocalist Aaron Barrett took his place as lead singer. The band then changed its genre to ska.

Reel Big Fish's self-released debut album, Everything Sucks, was successful and became an underground hit spread by word-of-mouth, which led to the band signing a deal with Mojo Records. In August 1996, the band released the album Turn the Radio Off on the new label, which appealed to fans of ska punk style, and the band began touring throughout the United States. After the single "Sell Out" became well known in mainstream venues, including MTV, the album peaked at number 57 on the Billboard charts, staying on the charts for 32 weeks. However, the ska revival was short-lived, and the group's 1998 album Why Do They Rock So Hard? failed to match the sales of the band's previous record. In 1998, the band appeared in the movie BASEketball, performing in the stands to rouse the crowd. The band also appeared on the film's soundtrack with a cover of A-ha's "Take On Me". Why Do They Rock So Hard? was the last album for two members of the band. Trombonist Grant Barry was fired for his conduct, culminating with him committing battery on a security guard at Mississippi Nights during a concert in St. Louis, and drummer Andrew Gonzales left the band to spend more time with his family.

2001–2006: Major label years
Trumpet player Tavis Werts left the band in 2001. Former Suburban Rhythm drummer Carlos de la Garza and former Spring Heeled Jack trumpeter Tyler Jones, who tracked for two songs on Cheer Up! (because Werts had already recorded the majority of his trumpet parts before his departure), were brought in. De la Garza's last concert with Reel Big Fish was on June 20, 2003, at the House of Blues in Anaheim, California. That concert was later released as a DVD in The Show Must Go Off! series. Jones appeared in the music videos for "Where Have You Been?" and "Monkey Man" (although neither featured any trumpet-playing), and continued to play live with the band until September 2004. Jones was replaced by trumpeter John Christianson, who had previously played with Barrett in the band, The Forces of Evil.

On April 5, 2005, the band released its fourth album on Mojo, We're Not Happy 'Til You're Not Happy. Justin Ferreira (who replaced De La Garza) was on drums for the recording, but left before the album's release to join the Orange County band Takota and subsequently is listed as an additional musician on the CD. He was replaced by Ryland Steen.

Compared to the previous album (Cheer Up!), which was more lighthearted and cheerful, Allmusic describes the songs in We're Not Happy 'Til You're Not Happy as "angry" and "embittered", but also deemed the album as "super catchy". Common themes expressed throughout the songs include jealousy, regret, short-lasting fame, and disappointment toward mainstream record companies.

Aaron Barrett has stated that We're Not Happy 'Til You're Not Happy was "the third record in a trilogy" that began with Turn the Radio Off. "The first one was about being in a band and trying to make it. Then Why Do They Rock So Hard? was like, 'we've made it, we're rock stars'. Cheer Up we made because we had to make it. But We're Not Happy 'Til You're Not Happy is about us being old and jaded now."

2006–present: Independent work
While on tour in early 2006, Reel Big Fish were dropped from the Jive Records label. The band formed its own label and released a 3-disc live performance CD/DVD set, Our Live Album Is Better Than Your Live Album. This package became available on July 18, 2006, on the Internet and in retail stores on August 22. Jive later released a Reel Big Fish greatest hits album, Greatest Hit...And More.

On February 20, 2007, the band released Duet All Night Long, which is a split EP with power pop punk band Zolof the Rock & Roll Destroyer. It features six cover songs (three from each band), with the two vocalists performing with both bands. The song, "Say Say Say" features Scott Klopfenstein on vocals in place of Barrett.

The band released its first studio album since leaving Jive Records; Monkeys for Nothin' and the Chimps for Free worldwide on July 10, 2007, on the Rock Ridge Music record label. On June 26, 2007, shortly before its release, the band announced in a Myspace blog that Matt Wong was leaving the band to spend more time with his wife and newborn child. He was replaced by Derek Gibbs who played bass in Jeffries Fan Club and Aaron Barrett's now defunct side project, The Forces Of Evil. Since Matt Wong was very popular with fans, some were skeptical of the new bassist's ability, but the band has stated that Derek Gibbs is "Matt Wong Approved" therefore extinguishing several fans' worries. Gibbs had been filling in for Wong on various tours since early 2002.

On December 19, 2007, the band announced that it would play the entire Warped Tour 2008.

Reel Big Fish released a new studio album on January 20, 2009. The name of the album is Fame, Fortune and Fornication, and it consists of 10 cover songs. Another album, A Best of Us for the Rest of Us, featuring a 22-track disc of re-recorded songs and a 14-track disc of "Skacoustic" versions produced by lead singer Aaron Barrett, was released on July 20, 2010. An extended version of the album, A Best of Us for the Rest of Us (Bigger Better Bonus Deluxe Version), was released on June 21, 2011. The group also intended to work on a new album, recording new songs in the fall of 2010. The band has also recorded a live DVD at The Grove in Anaheim, California, on January 4, 2009; which was released on July 21, 2009, with the title Reel Big Fish Live! In Concert! In an interview with 'The Examiner', Aaron Barrett stated that he planned on releasing a new album, with all new material, in late 2011.

On January 11, 2011, the band announced that longtime member Scott Klopfenstein would be leaving the band to focus on raising a family. Matt Appleton of Goldfinger began filling in for Scott on the band's 20th Anniversary Tour, and he has since been announced as a permanent replacement. This marks the first time since 1995 that the band has had a saxophone player.

In March 2012, Reel Big Fish announced via Facebook that the group had begun recording a new album of new, original songs. The album is titled Candy Coated Fury, though the band also considered Honk If You're Horny as a title. The album was released on July 31, 2012.

On October 21, 2013, the band announced via its website that long-time trombonist Dan Regan, who has played with Reel Big Fish since 1994, will depart from the band to spend more time with his family and follow his dream of starting a brewery.

Reel Big Fish announced a co-headline UK and Ireland tour with Less than Jake with support from Zebrahead in early 2014.

In November 2014, Reel Big Fish announced on Facebook that the group would release an EP titled Happy Skalidays scheduling release on December 15, 2014.

In February 2015, the band announced through its website that drummer Ryland Steen had gone on hiatus from the band in order to play drums in America. Since the summer of 2014, Edward Beach (née Larsen) of Suburban Legends has been filling in.

On October 9, 2018, through their Instagram page, the band announced a new single called "You Can't Have All of Me", released on October 12. They also confirmed the title for the new album to be Life Sucks...Let's Dance! and a December release.

On April 11, 2019, Billy Kottage announced that he had quit the band via his Instagram page. Kottage has since toured as a featured musician with The Interrupters. Brian Robertson of Suburban Legends played with the band from June 2019 until their touring hiatus starting in 2020.

On March 22, 2020, former trumpet player Tyler Jones died; the band paid its respects via social media.

On October 28, 2021, former member Scott Klopfenstein reunited with Aaron Barrett to sing on a track by Lo(u)ser titled No Hope. Former drummer Ryland Steen played drums and produced, and Dan Regan also appeared in the music video alongside the others.

In July 2024, Ice Nine Kills released a cover of "Walking On Sunshine" in collaboration with Reel Big Fish, featuring Dan Regan as a credited band member for the first time since 2013.

Band members
Current members
 * Aaron Barrett – lead vocals, guitar, keyboards (1991–present)
 * John Christianson – trumpet, backing vocals (2004–present)
 * Derek Gibbs – bass, backing vocals (2007–present)
 * Matt Appleton – saxophone, keyboards, vocals (2011–present)
 * Ed "Smokey" Beach (née Larsen) – drums, percussion (2014–present)
 * Dan Regan – trombone (1994-2013; 2024-present)

Discography
Studio albums
 * Everything Sucks (1995)
 * Turn the Radio Off (1996)
 * Why Do They Rock So Hard? (1998)
 * Cheer Up! (2002)
 * We're Not Happy 'til You're Not Happy (2005)
 * Monkeys for Nothin' and the Chimps for Free (2007)
 * Fame, Fortune and Fornication (2009)
 * Candy Coated Fury (2012)
 * Life Sucks...Let's Dance! (2018)

Related projects

 * Scott Klopfenstein and Dan Regan were also members of The Littlest Man Band.
 * Aaron Barrett, Derek Gibbs and John Christianson were also members of The Forces of Evil, along with former members of Jeffries Fan Club and other Orange County ska musicians..
 * Before they were members of Reel Big Fish, Aaron Barrett, Scott Klopfenstein, and Grant Barry were members of a band called The Scholars.
 * Dan Regan has a techno project called Black Casper. Notably, he remixed Reel Big Fish's cover of "Talkin' 'bout a Revolution", incorporating different sound bites, including Ali Tabatabaee from Reel Big Fish's live DVD, You're All In This Together.

title: Reel Big Fish


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Talk:Henry Ford

Henry Ford Net Worth?
I expected to find a mention of Henry Ford's net worth in this article (both nominal and inflation adjusted). By most estimates, Ford is one of the wealthiest men in history, so it seems an odd fact to omit. Modern wealthy individuals almost invariably have their net worths listed prominently in their info boxes. Why would Henry Ford be any different? Is he from too far back in history? Just a suggestion for anyone able to edit the article. Thank you. 66.91.36.8 (talk) 07:06, 8 March 2023 (UTC)

 * Most sites agree that he owned around 200 billion(checked 7)(At his peak)
 * one site says 81.4 bil
 * another says 35 bil
 * and one says 1.2 bil
 * probably cause they are no adjusted for inflation???? 240F:79:57A:1:916C:FF30:1C8E:B371 (talk) 00:26, 22 August 2023 (UTC)
 * His wealth consisted of sole ownership of Ford. How much was Ford stock worth?? There was no market--no one could buy or sell a single share because Ford had all the shares, so it's very hard to estimate the value. Rjensen (talk) 03:17, 22 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Still there are probably some estimates out there. (In reliable sources.) SnailsSpace (talk) 04:46, 12 December 2023 (UTC)

why did he leave?
" In 1902, Murphy brought in Henry M. Leland as a consultant; Ford, in response, left the company bearing his name. With Ford gone, Leland renamed the company the Cadillac Automobile Company."

Why did he leave? could not find it in this article or leland`s article. 240F:79:57A:1:916C:FF30:1C8E:B371 (talk) 00:21, 22 August 2023 (UTC)

Why can't edit H. Ford's biography (or Bill Gate's page) directly to the article?
'''Just pure text edits, no much to argue about - Approve or discard them, or further add yours too...! ''' 192.116.64.235 (talk) 12:35, 30 August 2023 (UTC)

 * That usually happens when a page is protected. If you create a WP identity you should be able to edit them. SnailsSpace (talk) 04:45, 12 December 2023 (UTC)

Old Sources used when Perfectly acceptable new sources are available
Sources 12 and 13 are rather old and I don't feel it necessary to maintain them, especially since their equivalents are much easier to read. Source 13 is still present in it's website as The Birth of Ford Motor Company, and the information remains the same as well (it's just been changed to a timeline style). Source 12 has an equivalent source from the Ford Corporate Website, as well as from Google Patents. Additionally, the first 2 sentences of the first paragraph on "Career" do not cite a source, and the only source cited for that paragraph (Source 12) does not contain the information listed. Source 13 does, however. I yet again implore we update our sources to more up to date and easily accessible ones. Asides from that, updating the early career to hold more information might be advised, as the Quadricycle is a landmark invention (as it marks the start of his foray into automobiles). The Ford Corporate Article goes into great detail and I suggest adding relevant information. I just created my account today for this vary reason, so I'm not certain how the process works and I certainly don't want to overstep my authority, however if I am allowed, I would gladly add said additions. PsiPiEditsArticles (talk) 01:22, 31 January 2024 (UTC)
 * If you haven't already, please make these changes :) Kingturtle = (talk) 20:56, 10 February 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 10 April 2024
{{subst:trim|1=

Henry Ford (born July 30, 1863, Wayne county, Michigan, U.S.—died April 7, 1947, Dearborn, Michigan) American industrialist who revolutionized factory production with his assembly-line methods.

(Read Henry Ford’s 1926 Britannica essay on mass production.)

The 1909 Model. Ford spent most of his life making headlines, good, bad, but never indifferent. Celebrated as both a technological genius and a folk hero, Ford was the creative force behind an industry of unprecedented size and wealth that in only a few decades permanently changed the economic and social character of the United States. When young Ford left his father’s farm in 1879 for Detroit, only two out of eight Americans lived in cities; when he died at age 83, the proportion was five out of eight. Once Ford realized the tremendous part he and his Model T automobile had played in bringing about this change, he wanted nothing more than to reverse it, or at least to recapture the rural values of his boyhood. Henry Ford, then, is an apt symbol of the transition from an agricultural to an industrial America.
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate.  (talk | contribs) 00:43, 10 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Henry Ford