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John Gower

John Gower (c. 1330 – October 1408) was an English poet, a contemporary of William Langland and the Pearl Poet, and a personal friend of Geoffrey Chaucer. He is remembered primarily for three major works—the Mirour de l'Omme, Vox Clamantis, and Confessio Amantis—three long poems written in French, Latin, and English respectively, which are united by common moral and political themes.

Life
Few details are known of Gower's early life. He was probably born into a family which held properties in Kent and Suffolk. Stanley and Smith use a linguistic argument to conclude that "Gower’s formative years were spent partly in Kent and partly in Suffolk". Southern and Nicolas conclude that the Gower family of Kent and Suffolk cannot be related to the Yorkshire Gowers because their coats of arms are drastically different. Macaulay and other critics have observed that he must have spent considerable time reading the Bible, Ovid, Secretum Secretorum, Petrus Riga, Speculum Speculationum, Valerius Maximus, John of Salisbury, and others.

He once met Richard II. In the prologue of the first recension of the Confessio Amantis, he tells how the king, chancing to meet him on the Thames (probably circa 1385), invited him aboard the royal barge, and that their conversation then resulted in a commission for the work that would become the Confessio Amantis. Later in life his allegiance switched to the future Henry IV, to whom later editions of the Confessio Amantis were dedicated. Much of this is based on circumstantial rather than documentary evidence, and the history of revisions of the Confessio Amantis, including the different dedications, is yet to be fully understood.

The source of Gower's income remains a mystery. He may have practised law in or around London. George Campbell Macaulay lists several real estate transactions to which Gower was a party. Macaulay's Introduction to the French Works suggests that Gower may have been a dealer in wool. This is based on remarks from Mirour d l'Omme line 25360ff. From 1365 he received ten pounds' rent for the manor of Wygebergh in Essex. From 1382 until death he received forty pounds per annum from selling Feltwell in Norfolk and Moulton in Suffolk. In 1399 Henry IV granted him a pension, in the form of an annual allowance of two pipes (= 1 tun = 240 gallons) of Gascony wine. Carlson estimates the value of the two pipes as 3 to 4 pounds wholesale or 8 pounds retail.

Gower's friendship with Chaucer is also well documented. When Chaucer was sent as a diplomat to Italy in 1378, Gower was one of the men to whom he gave power of attorney over his affairs in England. The two poets also paid one another compliments in their verse: Chaucer dedicated his Troilus and Criseyde in part to "moral Gower", and Gower reciprocated by placing a speech in praise of Chaucer in the mouth of Venus at the end of the Confessio Amantis (first recension VIII.2950-70). The Introduction to the Man of Law's Tale (lines 77–89) contains an apparent reference to Gower's tales of Canacee and Tyro Appolonius. Tyrwhitt (1822) believed that this offended Gower and led to the removal of Venus’ praise of Chaucer. Twentieth-century sources have more innocent reasons for the deletion.

At some point during the middle 1370s, he took up residence in rooms provided by the Priory of St Mary Overie (now Southwark Cathedral). In 1398, while living here, he married, probably for the second time: his wife was Agnes Groundolf, who survived him. In his last years, and possibly as early as 1400, he became blind.

After his death in 1408, Gower was interred in an ostentatious tomb in the Priory church (now Southwark Cathedral), where it remains today.

Macaulay provides much information and speculation about Gower. Some of his conclusions are inferences drawn from the trilingual writings of Gower. Where possible he draws upon legal records and other biographers.

Works
Gower's verse is by turns religious, political, historical, and moral—though he has been narrowly defined as "moral Gower" ever since Chaucer graced him with the epithet. His primary mode is allegory, although he shies away from sustained abstractions in favour of the plain style of the raconteur.

His earliest works were probably ballades in Anglo-Norman French, some of which may have later been included in his work the Cinkante Ballades. The first work which has survived is in the same language, however: it is the Speculum Meditantis, also known by the French title Mirour de l'Omme, a poem of just under 30,000 lines, containing a dense exposition of religion and morality. According to Yeager "Gower's first intent to write a poem for the instructional betterment of king and court, at a moment when he had reason to believe advice about social reform might influence changes predictably to take place in an expanded jurisdiction, when the French and English peoples were consolidated under a single crown."

Gower's second major work, the Vox Clamantis, was written in Latin. The first book has an allegorical account of the Peasants' Revolt which begins as an allegory, becomes quite specific and ends with an allusion to William Walworth’s suppression of the rebels. Gower takes the side of the aristocracy but the actions of Richard II are described by "the captain in vain endeavoured to direct the ship’s course". Subsequent books decry the sins of various classes of the social order: priests, friars, knights, peasants, merchants, lawyers. The last two books give advice to King Richard II and express the poet's love for England. As Gower admits, much of Vox Clamantis was borrowed from other authors. Macaulay refers to this as "schoolboy plagiarism" Peter classifies Mirour and Vox as "complaint literature" in the vein of Langland.

His third work is the Confessio Amantis, a 30,000-line poem in octosyllabic English couplets, which makes use of the structure of a Christian confession (presented allegorically as a confession of sins against Love) as a narrative frame within which a multitude of individual tales are told. Like his previous works, the theme is very much morality, even where the stories themselves have a tendency to describe rather immoral behaviour. One scholar asserts that Confessio Amantis "almost exclusively" made Gower's "poetic reputation."

Fisher views the three major works as "one continuous work" with In Praise of Peace as a capstone. There is "movement from the courtly tone of the Cinkante Balades to the moral and philosophical tone of the Traitie." Leland (ca 1540) states "that the three works were intended to present a systematic discourse upon the nature of man and society": "They provide as organized and unified a view as we have of the social ideals on England upon the eve of the Renaissance. This view may be subsumed under the three broad headings: individual VIRTUE, legal JUSTICE, and the administrative responsibility of the KING. The works progress from the description of the origins of sin and the nature of the vices and virtues at the beginning of the Mirour de l'omme, through consideration of social law and order in the discussion of the three estates in the Mirour and Vox Clamatis, to a final synthesis of royal responsibiity of Empedoclean love in the Confessio Amantis."

In later years Gower published a number of minor works in all three languages:
 * the Cinkante Ballades, a series of French ballades on romantic subjects. Yeager (2011) argues that these sonnets were composed throughout Gower's lifetime.
 * the English poem In Praise of Peace "is a political poem in which Gower, as a loyal subject of Henry IV, approves his coronation, admires him as the saviour of England, dilates on the evil of war and the blessing of peace, and finally begs him to display clemency and seek domestic peace" Fisher argued that it was "Gower's last important poem. It sums up the final twenty years of both his literary career and his literary achievement."
 * short Latin works on various subjects with several poems addressed to the new Henry IV. According to Yeager (2005) "his final metered thoughts were in Latin, the language that Gower, like most of his contemporaries, associated with timeless authority."

Critics have speculated on which late work triggered the royal wine allowance mentioned in the Life section. Candidates are Cronica tripertita, In Praise of Peace,   O Recolende or an illustrated presentation copy of Confessio with dedication to Henry IV. According to Meyer-Lee "no known evidence relates the collar or grant [of wine] to his literary activity."

Gower's poetry has had a mixed critical reception. In the 16th century, he was generally regarded alongside Chaucer as the father of English poetry. In the 18th and 19th centuries, however, his reputation declined, largely on account of a perceived didacticism and dullness; e.g. the American poet and critic James Russell Lowell claimed Gower "positively raised tediousness to the precision of science". After publication of Macaulay's edition (1901) of the complete works, he has received more recognition, notably by C. S. Lewis (1936), Wickert (1953), Fisher (1964), Yeager (1990) and Peck (2006). However, he has not obtained the same following or critical acceptance as Geoffrey Chaucer.

Prediction of the Peasants' Revolt
When Wickert was attempting to date Vox Clamantis Books Two to Seven, she found two passages which predict the revolt. One is Mirour which uses the metaphor of the stinging nettle to predict the impending catastrophe. The second is the final couplet of Vox Clamantis Book Five Chapter 10. This predicts trouble in a short time. Gower's warnings and call for reform were ignored both before and after the events of 1381.

Chaucer influence
Chaucer used octosyllabic lines in The House of Fame but eschewed iambic rhythm. He "left it to Gower to invent the iambic tetrameter, and to later centuries of poets to solve the problems of its potential monotony; he himself merely polished the traditional Middle English short line."

Fisher concludes that they were living near each other in the period 1376 to 1386. They influenced each other in several ways:
 * 1) They imported Italian models and learned "to count beats in such a way as to produce a regular number of syllables."  This led via Mirour to the iambic tetrameter of Confessio and Chaucer's pentameter.
 * 2) After 1376 both poets turned from love poetry to more serious topics. For Gower this was the "moralistic social complaint in the Mirour d l'omme and Vox Clamatis, while Chaucer wrestled more painfully in the House of Fame and Parliament of Fowls with the relation between the style and substance of courtly poetry and social satire."
 * 3) Gower "took the risk of composing in English only after Chaucer had achieved success and fame with Troilus and Criseyde."
 * 4)  Most of the individuals in the General Prologue are members of classes  criticized in Mirour and Vox Clamantis. Chaucer has omitted the higher ranks of the secular and clerical hierarchies.  The language and the introduction of satire are the invention of Chaucer.
 * 5) Gower is criticized in the Introduction to The Man of Law's Tale. Some commentators have interpreted these remarks to indicate a breach between the two poets. Fisher interprets them and along with the details of the Tale as a friendly competition between two poets.

Manuscripts
Sebastian Sobecki's discovery of the early provenance of the trilingual Trentham manuscript reveals Gower as a poet who was not afraid to give Henry IV stern political advice. Sobecki also claims to have identified Gower's autograph hand in two manuscripts.

List of works

 * Mirour de l'Omme, or Speculum Hominis, or Speculum Meditantis (French, c.1376–1379)
 * Vox Clamantis (Latin, c.1377–1381)
 * Confessio Amantis (English, c.1386–1393)
 * Traité pour Essampler les Amants Marietz (French, 1397)
 * Cinkante Balades (French, 1399–1400)
 * Cronica Tripertita (Latin, c.1400)
 * In Praise of Peace (English, c.1400)

title: John Gower


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George Younger, 1st Viscount Younger of Leckie

George Younger, 1st Viscount Younger of Leckie (13 October 1851 – 29 April 1929), known as Sir George Younger, 1st Baronet between 1911 and 1923, was a British politician.

Early life
George Younger was born on 13 October 1851. He was educated at Edinburgh Academy.

Career
Younger left college at the age of 17 on his father's death to run the family brewery of George Younger and Son, the business founded by his great-grandfather, George Younger (baptised 17 February 1722), of Alloa, Clackmannanshire. He became chairman in 1897.

Younger was a Deputy Lieutenant of Clackmannanshire from November 1901, and Unionist Party member of parliament for Ayr Burghs from 1906 until 1922. He was also Chairman of the Unionist Party Organisation from 1916 to 1923, and Treasurer of the Unionist Party in 1923. He was created a baronet on 12 July 1911, and later Viscount Younger of Leckie on 20 February 1923.

Death and legacy
Younger died on 29 April 1929. One of his great-grandsons was the Conservative politician George Younger, 4th Viscount Younger of Leckie (1931–2003), who held ministerial office as Secretary of State for Scotland from 1979 to 1986, and Secretary of State for Defence from 1986 to 1989.

Family
His son, Charles, was a first-class cricketer who was killed in the First World War.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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User talk:HarmonicSphere

Welcome ! Always happy to have another musician on board.

If you haven't done so already, take a look at the FAQs, which contain loads of useful info and how-to's, including a quick guide to Wiki markup. If you have any general questions, the people at the village pump are a friendly lot. And if you have any questions about avant-garde Japanese DJs, well, there's me. :' )

Have fun ! - Tzaquiel

I moved Anandamide to Votes_for_deletion/copyvio - it's borderline, but I thought I'd get a second opinion... Martin 21:05, 18 Sep 2003 (UTC)

Also, Indian meal to requested articles. Martin

Poul Anderson in Category:Fantasy
What books did Poul Anderson write that were fantasy books? --ssd 06:11, 17 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * I just happened to be wandering by; hope I'm not intruding. I just recently read "A Midsummer Tempest", and I think that falls into the fantasy genre. The basic structure is your tyical multiverse, which admittedly can be used for sci-fi, but in this case magic was the operative factor. He probably has more obvious works, but I'm a busybody, so hey (grin). -- कुक्कुरोवाच|Talk‽ 07:03, 17 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Poul Anderson also wrote Three Hearts and Three Lions (to which A Midsummer Tempest is the sequel), and The Broken Sword, as well as the King of Ys series with his wife, Karen Anderson.

There are other books Poul Anderson wrote that I'm almost sure are fantasy, but can't say for sure as I haven't yet read them (e.g., Mother of Kings). I think I can categorically say that Conan the Rebel is fantasy even though I haven't read that, being a Conan book (presumably based on the series by Robert E. Howard). --User:HarmonicSphere 07:24, 19 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Great stuff, thanks guys! I've updated a few pages to match this. --ssd 11:47, 19 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Christophe Lambert
I changed all references to Christopher Lambert to "Christophe Lambert" a few months ago, as that is his real name(although in the peak of his career he was usually credited Christopher), did you change it back to Christopher on Highlander for a specific reason, or did you think Christophe was a typo? Regards Boffy b 21:59, 2004 Oct 4 (UTC)

A bit of both. You're right; I did think it was a typo. But I'm also thinking that 99% of the people who ever heard of him know him as Christopher Lambert. This is a quibble, though....

Incidentally, there is (or was) a typo on the Christophe Lambert page: you had "sometimes rendered as Christoper Lambert" -- I corrected this to "sometimes rendered as Christopher Lambert" (Linguistic corollary to Murphy's Law: You will inevitably make a spelling error, grammatical error or typo in any post complaining about a spelling error, grammatical error or typo) Best, HarmonicSphere

Wikinews demo up and running
Hi!

I'm writing to let you know that the Wikimedia Board of Trustees has approved the first stage of the Wikinews project. There's now a fully operational English demo site at demo.wikinews.org. This will be used for experimenting with various review models and basic policies before the site is launched officially in about a week. demo.wikinews.org will become the English version later. You voted for the Wikinews project, so I'm asking for your participation now. Everything is open, nothing is final. What Wikinews will and can be depends in large part on you. There already is a global Wikinews mailing list for discussing the project. If you are interested at all, please subscribe -- coordination is of key importance. There's also an IRC channel #wikinews on irc.freenode.net. Realtime discussion can help to polish up articles. If you're looking for something to do, check out the articles in development and articles in review. Or start a new story in the Wikinews workspace, or ignore the proposed review system - it's up to you. I hope you'll join us soon in this exciting experiment.--Eloquence* 02:00, Nov 17, 2004 (UTC)

User Categorisation
You were listed on the Wikipedia:Wikipedians/Canada#Nova_Scotia page as living in or being associated with Nova Scotia. As part of the User categorisation project, these lists are being replaced with user categories. If you would like to add yourself to the category that is replacing the page, please visit Category:Wikipedians in Nova Scotia for instructions.--Rmky87 05:05, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

John Campbelljohn
Deletion by an administrator is a judgement on the quality of the article, not necessarily the notability of the topic — the article was written in an unencyclopedic promo-kit style which didn't demonstrate any notability. That doesn't necessarily mean that he isn't notable, or that we would delete a better article about him, but if the article itself doesn't show that he's notable, then it's at risk of deletion no matter how many people simply assert that he's notable without actually providing any sources to show that.

Any Wikipedia user is always free to write a better article about him. But it's the article creator's responsibility to write the article in a way that properly demonstrates that he's notable enough for inclusion, not the administrator's responsibility to be psychic. Bearcat (talk) 19:34, 20 December 2009 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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Jorja Fox edit
I have reverted your addition of a date of birth to Jorja Fox because IMDb is not a reliable source. (WP:IMDB) Eddie Blick (talk) 01:34, 21 February 2022 (UTC)

 * I'm confused. Why are they not reliable? HarmonicSphere (talk) 08:04, 23 February 2022 (UTC)

 * The first sentence of WP:IMDB says, "The content on IMDb is user-generated . . ." Essentially, a user-generated site is unreliable because, generally speaking, anyone can publish anything on the site with no guarantee of its accuracy or reliability. I suggest that you read WP:USERGENERATED for more on this topic. It also lists some other sites that are often found cited on Wikipedia but, unfortunately, are not reliable. Eddie Blick (talk) 20:21, 23 February 2022 (UTC)

 * Thanks, I'll take a look. Hopefully at some point I'll be able to get her date of birth from a more reliable source. HarmonicSphere (talk) 21:35, 23 February 2022 (UTC)

ArbCom 2022 Elections voter message
 Hello! Voting in the 2022 Arbitration Committee elections is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on. All eligible users are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.

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title: User talk:HarmonicSphere


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Gray goo

Gray goo (also spelled as grey goo) is a hypothetical global catastrophic scenario involving molecular nanotechnology in which out-of-control self-replicating machines consume all biomass (and perhaps also everything else) on Earth while building many more of themselves, a scenario that has been called ecophagy the literal consumption of the ecosystem. The original idea assumed machines were designed to have this capability, while popularizations have assumed that machines might somehow gain this capability by accident.

Self-replicating machines of the macroscopic variety were originally described by mathematician John von Neumann, and are sometimes referred to as von Neumann machines or clanking replicators. The term gray goo was coined by nanotechnology pioneer K. Eric Drexler in his 1986 book Engines of Creation. In 2004, he stated "I wish I had never used the term 'gray goo'." Engines of Creation mentions "gray goo" as a thought experiment in two paragraphs and a note, while the popularized idea of gray goo was first publicized in a mass-circulation magazine, Omni, in November 1986.

Definition
The term was first used by molecular nanotechnology pioneer K. Eric Drexler in Engines of Creation (1986). In Chapter 4, Engines Of Abundance, Drexler illustrates both exponential growth and inherent limits (not gray goo) by describing "dry" nanomachines that can function only if given special raw materials: "Imagine such a replicator floating in a bottle of chemicals, making copies of itself...the first replicator assembles a copy in one thousand seconds, the two replicators then build two more in the next thousand seconds, the four build another four, and the eight build another eight. At the end of ten hours, there are not thirty-six new replicators, but over 68 billion. In less than a day, they would weigh a ton; in less than two days, they would outweigh the Earth; in another four hours, they would exceed the mass of the Sun and all the planets combined — if the bottle of chemicals hadn't run dry long before."

According to Drexler, the term was popularized by an article in science fiction magazine Omni, which also popularized the term "nanotechnology" in the same issue. Drexler says arms control is a far greater issue than gray goo "nanobugs".

Drexler describes gray goo in Chapter 11 of Engines of Creation: "Early assembler-based replicators could beat the most advanced modern organisms. 'Plants' with 'leaves' no more efficient than today's solar cells could out-compete real plants, crowding the biosphere with an inedible foliage. Tough, omnivorous 'bacteria' could out-compete real bacteria: they could spread like blowing pollen, replicate swiftly, and reduce the biosphere to dust in a matter of days. Dangerous replicators could easily be too tough, small, and rapidly spreading to stop — at least if we made no preparation. We have trouble enough controlling viruses and fruit flies."

Drexler notes that the geometric growth made possible by self-replication is inherently limited by the availability of suitable raw materials. Drexler used the term "gray goo" not to indicate color or texture, but to emphasize the difference between "superiority" in terms of human values and "superiority" in terms of competitive success:

"Though masses of uncontrolled replicators need not be grey or gooey, the term 'grey goo' emphasizes that replicators able to obliterate life might be less inspiring than a single species of crabgrass. They might be 'superior' in an evolutionary sense, but this need not make them valuable."

Bill Joy, one of the founders of Sun Microsystems, discussed some of the problems with pursuing this technology in his now-famous 2000 article in Wired magazine, titled "Why The Future Doesn't Need Us". In direct response to Joy's concerns, the first quantitative technical analysis of the ecophagy scenario was published in 2000 by nanomedicine pioneer Robert Freitas.

Risks and precautions
Drexler more recently conceded that there is no need to build anything that even resembles a potential runaway replicator. This would avoid the problem entirely. In a paper in the journal Nanotechnology, he argues that self-replicating machines are needlessly complex and inefficient. His 1992 technical book on advanced nanotechnologies Nanosystems: Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing, and Computation describes manufacturing systems that are desktop-scale factories with specialized machines in fixed locations and conveyor belts to move parts from place to place. None of these measures would prevent a party from creating a weaponized gray goo, were such a thing possible.

King Charles III (then Prince of Wales) called upon the British Royal Society to investigate the "enormous environmental and social risks" of nanotechnology in a planned report, leading to much media commentary on gray goo. The Royal Society's report on nanoscience was released on 29 July 2004, and declared the possibility of self-replicating machines to lie too far in the future to be of concern to regulators.

More recent analysis in the paper titled Safe Exponential Manufacturing from the Institute of Physics (co-written by Chris Phoenix, Director of Research of the Center for Responsible Nanotechnology, and Eric Drexler), shows that the danger of gray goo is far less likely than originally thought. However, other long-term major risks to society and the environment from nanotechnology have been identified. Drexler has made a somewhat public effort to retract his gray goo hypothesis, in an effort to focus the debate on more realistic threats associated with knowledge-enabled nanoterrorism and other misuses.

In Safe Exponential Manufacturing, which was published in a 2004 issue of Nanotechnology, it was suggested that creating manufacturing systems with the ability to self-replicate by the use of their own energy sources would not be needed. The Foresight Institute also recommended embedding controls in the molecular machines. These controls would be able to prevent anyone from purposely abusing nanotechnology, and therefore avoid the gray goo scenario.

Ethics and chaos
Gray goo is a useful construct for considering low-probability, high-impact outcomes from emerging technologies. Thus, it is a useful tool in the ethics of technology. Daniel A. Vallero applied it as a worst-case scenario thought experiment for technologists contemplating possible risks from advancing a technology. This requires that a decision tree or event tree include even extremely low probability events if such events may have an extremely negative and irreversible consequence, i.e. application of the precautionary principle. Dianne Irving admonishes that "any error in science will have a rippling effect". Vallero adapted this reference to chaos theory to emerging technologies, wherein slight permutations of initial conditions can lead to unforeseen and profoundly negative downstream effects, for which the technologist and the new technology's proponents must be held accountable.

title: Gray goo


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Forgotten Realms: Unlimited Adventures

Forgotten Realms: Unlimited Adventures, also known as Unlimited Adventures, or by the acronyms FRUA or UA, is a video game originally released on March 17, 1993, by Strategic Simulations, for the IBM PC and Macintosh.

Gameplay
Unlimited Adventures is a construction kit for computer role-playing games, and drew its content from the prior Gold Box engine games, with improved graphics. SSI's contract with TSR, Inc. required the former to stop using the Gold Box engine, so the company released its development tools. Games created by users can be shared with other players who also own Unlimited Adventures. As of 2022, the program still has an active community of users.

The original game allowed the user to create dungeon modules, some editing and renaming of monsters and characters, and to import pictures and monster sprites. However, some art, such as walls, combat backdrops, and title screens, could not be changed in the unmodified game.

Those limitations have been overcome by community-made mods. The availability of these mods has led to the creation of comprehensive "worldhacks", designed to allow the creation of science fiction, superhero, Western and Roman Empire adventures, among others. A program called "UASHELL" applies and manages these hacks and enables the player to apply them.

The fanmade game design program Dungeon Craft (originally called UA Forever) is a standalone program that partially emulates FRUA's engine, but with a greater ease of user modification.

Compilations
Forgotten Realms Unlimited Adventures is included in the compilation "The Forgotten Realm Archives - Collection Two".

Reception
SSI sold 32,364 copies of Unlimited Adventures. Computer Gaming World in 1993 called it "the best adventure-construction kit available" despite the "sorely lacking" Gold Box engine. According to GameSpy in 2004, although "the game's graphics were poor [...] and using the tools could be a little complicated, Unlimited Adventures was an excellent tool for budding RPG designers".

title: Forgotten Realms: Unlimited Adventures


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FRUA

FRUA or Frua may refer to:

 * AC Frua, a British GT built by AC Cars from 1965 to 1973
 * Pietro Frua, Italian coachbuilder and car designer
 * Families for Russian and Ukrainian Adoption, a support organization providing international adoption support resources for families completed through adoption in 32 Eastern European and Central Asian countries
 * Forgotten Realms: Unlimited Adventures, a video game originally released on March 17, 1993, by Strategic Simulations, Inc.

title: FRUA


text:
UA

UA usually refers to:
 * Under Armour, an American clothing brand (NYSE ticker UA)
 * United Airlines, a major American airline headquartered in Chicago, Illinois (IATA airline designator UA)
 * University of Arizona, a public research university in Tucson, Arizona, United States

UA may also refer to:

Gaming

 * Unearthed Arcana, a Dungeons & Dragons sourcebook
 * Unknown Armies, a role playing game
 * Urban Assault, a first-person shooter and real-time strategy computer game

Music

 * Ua (born 1972), a Japanese singer-songwriter
 * United Abominations, an album by the band Megadeth

Other uses in arts and entertainment

 * United Artists, a defunct film studio
 * The Umbrella Academy, a graphic novel by Gerard Way

Businesses and organizations

 * Uitgesloten aansprakelijkheid (lit. 'excluded liability'), a Dutch form of cooperative, which has legal personality, but with members (at least two on incorporation) rather than shareholders, with no capital and therefore no minimum capital or equity requirement, and with articles of association that can be worded such that members are not liable for the actions performed by the Cooperative (or losses suffered), usually used as a holding or finance company
 * ultrAslan, a fan group of the Galatasaray Spor Kulübü football team
 * Union Association, a baseball league of 1884
 * United Artists, a film studio
 * United Association, a plumbing and pipefitting labor union in the U.S. and Canada
 * Universal Audio (company), a designer and manufacturer of audio signal processing hardware and software
 * University Alliance, a lobbying group of British universities
 * UP Aerospace, a private spaceflight company based in Denver, Colorado

Military uses

 * German submarine UA, a German submarine of the Second World War
 * German Type UA submarine, of the First World War
 * SM UA, a World War I submarine of Imperial Germany
 * Unauthorized Absence, a key term for the abandonment of a duty or post without permission (United States)
 * Future Force Unit of Action, a proposed US Army tactical unit

Places

 * ua, ISO country code for Ukraine
 * Uttaranchal now Uttarakhand, a state in northern India, formerly abbreviated as UA (as in vehicle registration plates)
 * Uà, Ligurian for the Italian commune of Ovada
 * Upper Arlington, Ohio

Schools

 * University of Akron, a public research university in Akron, Ohio, United States
 * University of Alabama, a public research university located in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States
 * University of Alaska system, a university system in Alaska created in 1975
 * University of Alaska Anchorage, the largest university by enrollment in the system
 * University of Alaska Fairbanks, the first university and flagship (known from 1925 to 1975 simply as the University of Alaska)
 * University of Alaska Southeast, located in the capital city of Juneau, and the smallest by enrollment

 * University of Alicante, a public university in Alicante, Spain
 * University of Antwerp, one of the major Belgian universities located in the city of Antwerp
 * University of Arkansas, a public, co-educational, land-grant, space-grant, research university in Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States

Biology and medicine

 * Unstable angina, a type of heart disease
 * Uric acid, a metabolic compound
 * Urinalysis (also U/A), a set of medical diagnostic tests performed on urine

Computing and telecommunications

 * .ua, the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Ukraine
 * User agent, a computer networking software class
 * User Assistance, computer programme manuals and documentation
 * Universal Acceptance, a term to represent the principle that accepts all the email addresses with every Top-level domain (TLD).
 * OPC Unified Architecture, a protocol used in industry 4.0 for inter machine communication

Other uses in science and technology

 * Unmanned aircraft or unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), an aircraft without a human pilot aboard (commonly known as a drone)
 * Microampere (uA, properly μA), a unit of electric current defined as one-millionth of an ampere
 * UA, the product of a heat exchanger's Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient U and its active exchange area A in thermodynamics

Other uses

 * Unit of account, a nominal monetary unit of measure or currency used to represent the real value (or cost) of any economic item (in economics), or the words that are used to describe the specific assets and liabilities that are reported in financial statements rather than the units used to measure them (in financial accounting)
 * Unitary authority, a type of local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all local government functions within its area, or performs additional functions which elsewhere in the relevant country are usually performed by national government or a higher level of sub-national government
 * Urban area, a human settlement with high population density and infrastructure of built environment

title: UA


text:
Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar

Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar (1465 – c. June 12, 1524) was a Spanish conquistador and the first governor of Cuba. In 1511 he led the successful conquest and colonization of Cuba. As the first governor of the island, he established several municipalities that remain important to this day and positioned Cuba as a center of trade and a staging point for expeditions of conquest elsewhere. From Cuba, he chartered important expeditions that led to the Spanish discovery and conquest of the Aztec Empire.

Early life
Little is known about the early life of Velázquez. He was born in Cuéllar around 1465, in the Segovia region of Spain. For a time he was a member of the Spanish military and served in Naples. Afterward, he returned to Spain and lived in Seville. In September 1493, Velázquez was one of 1,500 men who sailed with Columbus on his second voyage to the New World. Velázquez never returned to Spain.

Velázquez settled on the island of Hispaniola and survived the early hardships which killed many colonists or drove them back home. In time he demonstrated an aptitude for dealing with the political factions on the island. He was well regarded by Bartholomew Columbus, the younger brother of Christopher and the administrator of the island from 1493 to 1500. When Bartholomew left the island for any length of time, he would make Velázquez acting governor of Hispaniola.

There is no record of Velázquez during Francisco de Bobadilla's brief tenure as governor of the island but when Nicolás de Ovando was appointed to the post in 1501, Velázquez quickly became one of the governor's trusted lieutenants. In 1503, when a Taíno revolt broke out in the western provinces of the island, Velázquez was ordered to Jaragua where he quashed the rebellion.

After the revolt, Ovando determined that five new towns should be built in the rebellious territory. Velázquez was sent to the western end of the island to establish Salvatierra de la Zabana and perhaps other towns. Velázquez resided in Salvatierra de la Zabana and all five of the new settlements were placed under his administration. By 1511, Velázquez was one of the wealthiest men on Hispaniola. He held encomiendas at Verapaz, Salvatierra de la Zabana, and Santiago de Caballeros, where he was a partner with an unidentified encomendero in mining enterprises.

Conquest of Cuba
When Diego Columbus became governor in 1509, he was instructed by King Ferdinand to explore, conquer, and colonize the neighboring island of Cuba in hopes of obtaining new sources of gold and Native labor. Miguel de Pasamonte, the king's treasurer in the Caribbean, was influential in seeing that Columbus selected Velázquez to lead the expedition. Velázquez was to finance the project himself and though Columbus assured him that the Crown would reimburse him later, no money was ever forthcoming. He assembled a small fleet of four ships and three hundred men among whom were several relatives, debt-ridden encomenderos, and a few who would later become notable, including Hernán Cortés and Pedro de Alvarado.

Velázquez sailed for Cuba in January 1511 and landed at a small harbor in the native province of Mayci. The Spaniards were opposed by a Taíno force led by Hatuey, formerly a chief from Hispaniola who fled to Cuba and helped the local Natives organize resistance to the incursion. The Taínos were outmatched by the Spanish weaponry and after two months of intermittent fighting, they were defeated. According to Bartolomé de las Casas, who did not arrive on the island until later, Hatuey was captured and burned alive at the stake.

The first Spanish settlement, Baracoa, was established on the northeast corner of the island by August 1511. It consisted of a fort surrounded by thatched huts and served as the initial base of operations for the Spanish occupation of Cuba. Later that year, Velázquez was joined by Pánfilo de Narváez who brought thirty Spanish archers and Native auxiliaries from Jamaica. Velázquez was glad for the reinforcements and made Narvaez second in command. More than a year was spent consolidating control of the present-day Oriente province.

In early 1513 Velázquez married Maria de Cuéllar in the new town of Baracoa. She was the daughter of the royal treasurer, Cristóbal de Cuéllar, and a former lady-in-waiting for Maria de Toledo, the wife of Diego Columbus. Maria died less than a week after their wedding.

After a slow start, the conquest of Cuba accelerated dramatically in 1513 when Velázquez organized three expeditions to proceed west, explore the island, and establish a Spanish presence. Narvaez led a force through the interior of the country while Velázquez and a lieutenant proceeded along the south and north coasts respectively. Near the south coast, Narvaez soon met with a force of 2,500 Taínos led by their chief, Caguax. The Spanish struck first before they could be attacked by the Natives defending their land, defeating Caguex, and killing some one hundred Taínos. This was the last significant resistance faced by the Spanish and after that, they proceeded relatively unchallenged in their colonization and search for gold.

In October 1513, Velázquez received letters from the king that expanded his powers in Cuba. Velázquez was authorized to assign Indians to encomiendas and establish additional towns as warranted by his discoveries. In particular, he was encouraged to create settlements on the southern coast that would support trade with the growing Spanish presence in Panama. By 1514, the island was largely pacified and significant gold deposits were discovered at several sites on the island, setting off a brief gold rush that lasted until about 1520. At its peak, officials complained that the search for Cuban gold was depleting manpower in Hispaniola.

In addition to Baracoa, Velázquez used his authority to establish six more Cuban towns by 1515. Most of the new settlements were sited on the coast near gold deposits and significant populations of Indian laborers. Bayamo was founded in 1513, followed in 1514 by Trinidad, Sancti Spiritus, and Havana. Havana, destined to become the premier city of Cuba, was originally founded on the south coast. Camagüey was established in 1515. Velázquez added Santiago de Cuba in July 1515 and made it his residence and the new capital of the island.

Velázquez used the assignment of encomiendas to reward relatives and associates and thus ensure an island aristocracy that was loyal to him. By 1522 significant encomiendas were held by his relatives Juan de Grijalva and Manuel de Rojas; his close associates Panfilo de Narvaez, Bachiller de Alonso Parada, and Vasco Porcallo de Figueroa; and fourteen others. In total, these encomenderos controlled almost 3,000 Indian laborers.

The new colonizers did not wish to be under the personal authority of Diego Columbus, so Velázquez convoked a general cabildo (a local government council) which was duly authorized to deal directly with Spain, and therefore removed Velázquez and the colonizers from under the authority of Columbus, their nominal superior. It was a precedent that would come back to haunt him with the Mexican adventures.

Conquest of Mexico
In 1514, Velázquez wrote to the king concerning rumors of unknown lands to the north and west of Cuba. Initially, these rumors were merely the subject of idle speculation and the king instructed Velázquez to remain focused on the governance of Cuba and especially the production of gold. However, as the demand for labor grew, slaving expeditions explored the region in search of natives to work the Cuban ranches and gold mines. Interest in exploration and conquest intensified in 1516 when a slave ship returned carrying 20,000 pesos of gold seized from the natives living on the Guanajes, a series of small islands off the coast of Central America.

Velázquez quickly commissioned Francisco Hernández de Córdoba to lead an expedition which sailed in February 1517, with instructions to explore certain neighboring islands. They soon came upon the shore of what they initially believed to be a large island, thus marking the Spanish discovery of the Yucatán Peninsula. Initial encounters with the Mayans living along the coast turned into armed conflict; 25 Spaniards were killed and many more wounded, including Córdoba himself. On his return to Cuba, Córdoba reported to Velázquez that the Mayans exhibited a sophistication not seen before in the region, including buildings of stone and mortar, clothing of woven cloth, and ornamentation of gold and silver.

Velázquez organized another expedition, hoping to trade with the Mayans for their gold, "for there must have been much there." He put his nephew, Juan de Grijalva, in command of four ships that departed Cuba in January 1518. Grijalva sailed along the Yucatan and then headed northwards following the Mexican coastline, exploring and trading with the natives as the opportunity arose. When Grijalva returned in October he brought back a profit of 20,000 crowns, but Velázquez was angry with his nephew and felt the returns did not justify the time and effort.

Even before Grijalva returned, Velázquez was preparing for another, larger expedition to the Yucatan. He sent a representative to Spain requesting authority to trade with or conquer the new lands and was granted the title of adelantado of the Yucatan and any other lands he might discover. Velázquez was unsure of who should lead this latest effort and after some hesitancy selected Hernán Cortés. Relations between them had been turbulent. Cortés served as the governor's private secretary during the initial conquest but was later involved in a plot to overthrow him. The attempted coup nearly cost Cortés his life but Velázquez pardoned him and awarded Cortés with one of the first encomiendas in Cuba.

Cortés readily accepted the commission and quickly began to organize a fleet and recruit volunteers. The governor soon regretted his choice when friends and allies warned him that his former secretary could not be trusted to remain loyal. In response, Velázquez named Vasco Porcallo to replace Cortés but when messages were sent ordering him to relinquish command, Cortés refused and even managed to recruit one of the messengers to his cause. Despite further requests and demands, Cortés refused to turn over his command. In February 1519, he left Havana for Mexico with ten ships and about 500 fighting men, effectively declaring himself free of Velázquez's authority.

In August 1519, Velázquez received word that Cortés had sent a ship to Spain carrying Aztec treasure and a request to be recognized as the rightful leader of the new territory. Velázquez hurriedly sent an emissary to Spain, contesting Cortés and reasserting his authority. The Crown agreed to hear the dispute but postponed a decision for two years, perhaps waiting to see how the struggle was resolved in the field.

Velázquez was determined to remove Cortés by force if necessary. In early 1520, he organized an armada of about 1,000 fighting men and 18 ships equipped with both light and heavy artillery. Pánfilo de Narváez was selected to lead the force with instructions to arrest Cortés and assume the government of the new territory on behalf of Velázquez. Instead, Narváez was easily defeated and Cortés persuaded most of the force to switch sides and join his invasion of the Aztec empire. The failed adventure was a disaster for Velázquez; he lost a substantial fortune invested in the fleet and left Cuba seriously depopulated and vulnerable to a Native uprising.

Later life
Velázquez spent the remaining few years of his life defending his governorship in Cuba and continuing his dispute with Cortes. Diego Colón perhaps sensed that Velázquez was politically vulnerable; he sent Alonso Zuazo to Cuba in January 1521, to replace the governor and conduct his residencia. However, Colon himself was in political difficulties and under investigation by the Crown. Finally, by July 1523, Colon was recalled to Spain and Velázquez was fully restored to office.

In 1522, Carlos I formally recognized Cortes as governor of New Spain, thus ending Velázquez's claims to the newly conquered territory. In 1523, Cortés made Cristóbal de Olid the leader of an expedition to conquer Honduras. While resupplying in Havana, Olid conspired with Velázquez and they agreed that Olid would renounce Cortes and capture Honduras on behalf of Velázquez. When Cortes heard of this plot, he wrote a letter of protest to the king and then dispatched his agents to Honduras where they eventually killed Olid.

Velázquez's health began to fail in the summer of 1523; a year later, he died on June 11 or 12, 1524. At his request, he was buried under the altar steps of the new cathedral in Santiago. His close associate, Gonzalo de Guzman, was the principal heir of his estate and would later serve two terms as governor. Even before he died, plans were underway to replace Velázquez. In May 1524, Carlos II named Juan Altamirano to conduct a residencia and become the new governor of Cuba.

At the time of his death at the age of 59, Velázquez was "the richest Spaniard in the Americas," despite financial losses on the expedition of Francisco Hernández de Córdoba and of Hernán Cortés. He completed the successful conquest and colonization of Cuba, founded towns that remain important today, made Cuba economically prosperous, and positioned it as a center of trade and a staging point for expeditions of conquest elsewhere.

title: Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar


text:
Charles Ludlam

Charles Braun Ludlam (April 12, 1943 – May 28, 1987) was an American actor, director, and playwright.

Early life
Ludlam was born in Floral Park, New York, the son of Marjorie (née Braun) and Joseph William Ludlam. He was raised in Greenlawn, New York, and attended Harborfields High School. He was openly gay, and performed in plays with the Township Theater Group, a community theatre in Huntington, and worked backstage at the Red Barn Theater, a summer stock theatre in Northport. During his senior year of high school, Ludlam directed, produced, and performed plays with a group of friends, students from Huntington, Northport, Greenlawn, and Centerport. Their "Students Repertory Theatre", housed in the loft studio beneath the Posey School of Dance on Main Street in Northport, seated an audience of 25, and was sold out for every performance. Their repertoire included Kan Kikuchi's Madman on the Roof; Theatre of the Soul; a readers' theatre adaptation of Edgar Lee Masters' Spoon River Anthology; and plays by August Strindberg and Eugene O'Neill.

He received a degree in dramatic literature from Hofstra University in 1964. At Hofstra, Ludlam met Black-Eyed Susan, whom he cast in one of his college productions. The two became close friends, and Black-Eyed Susan performed in more of Ludlam's plays over the following decades than any other actor, except Ludlam himself.

Career
Ludlam joined John Vaccaro's Play-House of the Ridiculous, and after a falling out, founded his own Ridiculous Theatrical Company in 1967. His first plays were rudimentary exercises; starting with Bluebeard, he began writing more structured plays, which were often pastiches of gothic novels; works by Federico Garcia Lorca, Shakespeare, and Richard Wagner; and popular culture and old movies. These works were humorous but had serious undertones. After seeing one of Ludlam's plays, theater critic Brendan Gill famously remarked, "This isn't farce. This isn't absurd. This is absolutely ridiculous!". Ludlam commented on his own work: "I would say that my work falls into the classical tradition of comedy. Over the years there have been certain traditional approaches to comedy. As a modern artist you have to advance the tradition. I want to work within the tradition so that I don't waste my time trying to establish new conventions. You can be very original within the established conventions."

Ludlam's Bluebeard was produced at La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club, where Vaccaro's company was in residence, in March 1970. Ludlam performed in this production as Khanazar von Bluebeard. Black-Eyed-Susan, Lola Pashalinski, and Mario Montez also performed in this production. In 1976 he appeared in Rosa von Praunheim's New York film Underground and Emigrants.

He taught and/or staged productions at New York University, Connecticut College, Yale University, and Carnegie Mellon University. He won fellowships from the Guggenheim, Rockefeller, and Ford Foundations, and grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and the New York State Council on the Arts. He won six Obie Awards over the course of his career, including a Sustained Excellence Obie Award two weeks before his death in 1987, and won the Rosamund Gilder Award for distinguished achievement in the theater in 1986.

Ludlam often appeared in his plays, and was particularly noted for his female roles. He wrote one of the first plays to address, though indirectly, the AIDS epidemic. His most well-known play is The Mystery of Irma Vep, in which two actors play seven roles in a pastiche of gothic horror novels. The original production featured Ludlam and his partner Everett Quinton. Rights to perform the play include a stipulation that the actors must be of the same sex, in order to ensure cross-dressing in the production. In 1991, Irma Vep was the most produced play in the United States; and in 2003, it became the longest-running production ever staged in Brazil.

Death and legacy
Ludlam was diagnosed with AIDS in March 1987. He attempted to fight the disease with his lifelong interest in healthy eating and a macrobiotic diet, but died a month after his AIDS diagnosis, of PCP pneumonia, at St. Vincent's Hospital. His front page obituary in the New York Times was the newspaper's first page 1 obituary to specifically name AIDS as a cause of death (with Ludlam's parents' consent), instead of the AIDS-related illnesses such as pneumonia commonly cited at the time.

The block in front of his Sheridan Square theater was renamed "Charles Ludlam Lane" in his honor.

In 2009, Ludlam was inducted posthumously into the American Theater Hall of Fame.

After his death, Walter Ego, the dummy from Ludlam's 1978 play The Ventriloquist's Wife (designed and built by actor and puppet-maker Alan Semok), was donated to the Vent Haven Museum in Fort Mitchell, Kentucky, where it remains on exhibit.

In his 1987 obituary of Ludlam in Christopher Street, Andrew Holleran wrote, It would be pointless to subject Ludlam to a dissertation—he was too funny—and yet no one was more grounded in theater's ancient roots than he; like a child running through the contents of his bedroom closet, putting on fake noses, mustaches, pulling out toy airplanes, little plastic gladiators, goldfish bowls, Cleopatra wigs, he always gave the impression of having assembled the particular play from a magic storeroom in which he kept, like some obsessed bag lady, every prop and character that two thousand years of Western History had washed up on the shores of a childhood on Long Island.…Drag is a profound joke—the fundamental homosexual joke, no doubt: the Woman at Bay, Wounded but Triumphant, lascivious or frigid, repressed or mad, rings all the notes, high and low.…Charles Ludlam was the greatest drag I've ever seen. It ceased to be drag, in fact, or acting: it was art.

Plays (as playwright)
• Big Hotel (1967)

• Conquest of the Universe, or When Queens Collide (1968)

• Turds in Hell (1969) adaptation of Satyricon

• The Grand Tarot (1969)

• Bluebeard (1970) adaptation of H. G. Wells's The Island of Dr Moreau

• Eunuchs of the Forbidden City (1971)

• Corn (1972)

• Camille (1973)

• Hot Ice (1974)

• Stage Blood (1975) adaptation of Hamlet

• Tabu Tableaux (1975)

• Caprice (1976)

• Jack and the Beanstalk (1976)

• Der Ring Gott Farblonjet (1977) adaptation of The Ring Cycle

• The Ventriloquist's Wife (1978)

• Utopia, Incorporated (1979)

• The Enchanted Pig (1979)

• Elephant Woman (1979)

• A Christmas Carol (1979)

• Reverse Psychology (1980)

• Love's Tangled Web (1981)

• Secret Lives of the Sexists (1982)

• Exquisite Torture (1982)

• Le Bourgeois Avant-Garde (1983) adaptation of Molière's Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme

• Galas (1983) inspired by the life of Maria Callas

• The Mystery of Irma Vep (1984)

• How to Write a Play (1984)

• Salammbo (1985) adaptation of Gustave Flaubert's Salammbo (novel)

• The Artificial Jungle (1986)

Puppet shows

 * Professor Bedlam's Educational Punch and Judy Show
 * Anti-Galaxie Nebulae

Plays (as actor)
• The Life of Lady Godiva by Ronald Tavel (as Peeping Tom)

• Indira Gandhi's Daring Device by Ronald Tavel (as Kamaraj)

• Screen Test by Ronald Tavel (as Norma Desmond)

• Hedda Gabler by Henrik Ibsen (as Hedda Gabler), American Ibsen Theatre, Pittsburgh, 1984; directed by Mel Shapiro (dramaturg: Micheael X. Zelenak; assistant to the director: Hafiz Karmali)

Plays (as director)

 * Whores of Babylon by Bill Vehr (1968)
 * The English Cat by Hans Werner Henze (American premiere, Santa Fe Opera, 1985)
 * Die Fledermaus by Johann Strauss II (Santa Fe Opera)

Films (as actor)
• The Life, Death and Assumption of Lupe Velez (1966) by José Rodriguez-Soltero (as The Lesbian)

• Underground and Emigrants (1976)

• Reel 6: Charles Ludlam's Grand Tarot (1970)

• Imposters (1980)

• Museum of Wax (1987)

• Doomed Love (1983)

• The Big Easy (1987)

• Forever, Lulu (1987)

• She Must Be Seeing Things (1988)

Television (as actor)

 * Miami Vice
 * Tales from the Darkside
 * Oh Madeline

title: Charles Ludlam


text:
Nine Network

The Nine Network (stylised 9Network, commonly known as Channel Nine or simply Nine) is an Australian commercial free-to-air television network. It is owned by parent company Nine Entertainment and is one of five main free-to-air television networks in Australia.

From 2017 to 2021, the network's slogan was "We Are the One". Since 2021, the network has changed its slogan back to the iconic Golden Era slogan "Still the One".

As of 2023, the Nine Network is the second-rated television network in Australia, behind the Seven Network, and ahead of the ABC TV, Network 10 and SBS.

Origins
The Nine Network's first broadcasting station was launched in Sydney, New South Wales, as TCN-9 on 16 September 1956 by The Daily Telegraph owner Frank Packer.

John Godson introduced the station and former advertising executive Bruce Gyngell presented the first programme, This Is Television (so becoming the first person to appear on Australian television). Later that year, GTV-9 in Melbourne commenced transmissions to broadcast the 1956 Summer Olympics, later forming the National Television Network alongside QTQ-9 in Brisbane in 1959 and NWS-9 in Adelaide, the basis of the current Nine Network, in 1959. Before its formation, TCN-9 was then affiliated with HSV-7 (because alongside the Seven Network, they were both Australia's first television stations, having opened in 1956), and GTV-9's sister affiliate was ATN-7.

The network, by 1967, had begun calling itself the National Nine Network, and became simply the Nine Network Australia in 1987. Kerry Packer inherited the company after his father's death in 1974. Before the official conversion to colour on 1 March 1975, it was the first Australian television station to regularly screen programmes in colour with the first program to use it premiering in 1971, the very year NTD-8 in Darwin commenced.

The New South Wales Rugby Football League grand final of 1967 became the first football grand final of any code to be televised live nationally. The Nine Network paid $5,000 to attain the broadcasting rights.

Nine Network station STW-9 Perth, which opened in 1965, became owned-and-operated station when Alan Bond purchased the network for one billion dollars in 1987, a deal that became effective after government approvals in 1988. However, in 1989, Bond Media sold the station to Sunraysia Television for A$95 million, due to the federal cross-media ownership laws which restricted the level of national reach for media owners. Nine, which then also included Channel 9 in Brisbane, fell back into the hands of Kerry Packer after Alan Bond's bankruptcy in 1992.

In 2011, GTV 9 Melbourne moved from 22 Bendigo Street, Richmond, to 717 Bourke Street, Docklands. 22 Bendigo Street started out as the Wertheim Piano Factory, then became the Heinz Soup Factory, then GTV9. The building in Bendigo Street still stands, now as luxury apartments.

The "Golden Era" (1977–2006)
Nine began using the slogan "Let Us Be The One" (based on The Carpenters' song Let Me Be the One and modelled on the ABC campaign used at the time in the United States) in 1977 and became the number-one free-to-air network in Australia; its National Nine News became the most-watched news service. In 1978, Nine switched its slogan to "Still the One" (modelled on the campaign used by ABC in the United States and using the Orleans song Still the One), which lasted until a decline in ratings in January 2006. During the 1980s, Nine's ratings peaked. From 1999 to 2001, the network began losing ground to the Seven network in news and entertainment, but received a boost after the coverage of the 11 September attacks in 2001. By 1991, the network was re-branded to its current branding. The death of CEO Kerry Packer in 2005 triggered more problems for the network. Digital terrestrial television was introduced on 1 January 2001.

Nine loses to Seven (2006–2008)
Nine stayed strong throughout 2003–04, winning 77 out of 80 ratings weeks across those two years (with Network Ten claiming the other three weeks), but was hit hard when Seven introduced a new line-up in 2005, though Nine finished ahead of Seven that year. Meanwhile, National Nine News was overtaken by Seven News for the first time ever, while Today was beaten by Seven's fledgling Sunrise program. In 2006, Nine continued on its downward trend, losing most news weeks to Seven News and just winning the year thanks to its coverage of the 2006 Commonwealth Games. To try to revitalise the network in its 50th anniversary, Nine adopted a new, but critically received, logo that removed the nine dots, which had been part of the network's identity since 1969. In May 2007, Nine partially re-introduced the Nine dots, which resulted in the square logo changing into a three-dimensional (3-D) cube that rotates, with the dots visible on every second side of the cube.

After a period of declining ratings, David Gyngell returned to the job of chief executive officer in October 2007, succeeding Eddie McGuire.

In 2007, despite several hits, Seven won the whole year by a significant margin. The Seven Network had won 38 weeks, whereas the Nine Network only won two.

The Network expanded into Northern NSW with the acquisition on NBN Television in May 2007. However, NBN was retained as an independent Nine affiliate following the acquisition. Deborah Wright who had been doing various roles for the station was promoted to CEO.

Expanding digital services (2008–2014)
In 2008, as part of a major relaunch, the network dropped the blue box, and reinstated its nine dots in its logo, with a CGI look. After losing viewers to Seven News, Nine relaunched its news service as Nine News, which managed to win more weeks over Seven in the first half of 2008. Nine also launched a break-out hit, Underbelly, which attracted over 2.5 million viewers in its first season. Nine tried to attract younger demographics, so while Seven went on to win the ratings year in total people, Nine was rated the number one network in the key 18–49 and 25–54 demographics.

In March 2008, the Nine Network launched and debuted a high-definition channel called Nine HD on channel 90 until 2010.

In 2009, Nine started relatively strongly due to the top-rating Australian drama Underbelly: A Tale of Two Cities and the Twenty20 Cricket series until Nine lost the rights in 2018 but could not hold its audience after Network Ten's MasterChef Australia became a hit. Nine became inconsistent with scheduling and removal of programmes. Nine also launched a number of reality shows, including Ladette to Lady, Wipeout Australia, HomeMADE, Australia's Perfect Couple, and The Apprentice Australia, in the hope of achieving the same success other networks had with the genre. All the new formats underperformed in the ratings and did not help the network establish any stable local content. Nine also expanded its news strand with the reintroduction of a late-night bulletin (for its owned-and-operated stations), an extended morning bulletin and weekend editions of Today. The flagship 6:00 pm state bulletins continued to fall in the ratings, though its Melbourne bulletin remained competitive, being the only market to win any weeks against Seven News.

In August 2009, Nine launched and debuted its own digital multi-channel called GO! on Channel 99, primarily aimed at a younger demographic. The shares from GO! contributed to Nine's weekly shares and allowed it to enjoy several weeks of weekly ratings wins. In September, the network took on a new slogan, "Welcome Home", and revamped its graphic package. With the resurgence of Nine News, growth of Today, stabilisation of 60 Minutes and a new programme line-up consisting of Hey Hey It's Saturday, Underbelly and Sea Patrol, Nine enjoyed more ratings success.

In 2010, Nine obtained the rights to exclusive coverage of the Sydney New Year's Eve fireworks. GO! won the year in digital shares only. On 26 September 2010, Nine launched and debuted their third digital channel GEM (an acronym of General Entertainment and Movies) on Channel 90. In 2011, the Nine Network announced a new "Home of Comedy" line-up with comedy shows such as Two and a Half Men, The Big Bang Theory, and other American sitcoms, along with the launch of a live comedy show Ben Elton Live From Planet Earth, which was cancelled after only three episodes due to low ratings. Nine also brought back This Is Your Life with Eddie McGuire as host, although the series was cancelled after airing four episodes. The Nine Network had success in the ratings in the second half of 2011 with The Block, Underbelly: Razor, and The Celebrity Apprentice Australia. The highly anticipated return of a revamped ninth season of Two and a Half Men proved a huge success for the network, generating 2.3 million viewers and dominating the week as top program. The return of new episodes of the popular sitcom The Big Bang Theory was also a huge success for the network, scoring high figures consistently week after week and dominating the evening as top program. Despite this, the Nine Network finished in second place in the ratings again in 2011 on 19.6%, behind the Seven Network (23.1%) and ahead of the Network Ten (15.9%), ABC TV (12.2%) and SBS (4.6%).

On 24 November 2011, the Nine Network announced the line-up for 2012, with a focus on reality programs, including an Australian version of The Voice, the return of Big Brother, Excess Baggage, and The Celebrity Apprentice Australia. The Nine Network also aired coverage of the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. A new morning show, Mornings, replaced the departure of Kerri-Anne Kennerley's self-titled show, after nine years on air. The program, now called Today Extra, is hosted by Sylvia Jeffreys and David Campbell.

On 26 March 2012, the Nine Network launched and debuted Extra, a new channel aimed at delivering home shopping, brand funded, religious, community, educational and multi-cultural programming content created by advertisers. Its timeshift channel, Extra 2, launched on 28 March 2013 on channel 95 and channel 85 in NBN areas as a five-hour timeshift. As a result, the quality of sister channel 9Gem was cut.

On 15 April 2012, the Nine Network new rebrand visual identity for Channel Nine logo with the enhanced colour palette, which uses lighter shades of blue and more white gradients, including color from the brand identity, this was part identity since 2003 Nine Network logo.

It was reported on 31 May 2012 that the Australian telecommunications company Telstra and WIN Television Network CEO, Bruce Gordon, are considering making a takeover bid for Nine Entertainment. The network currently is trying to fight off administration as it deals with a debt exceeding A$3.3 billion.

It was reported on 3 June 2013 that the Nine Network would immediately purchase Adelaide affiliate NWS-9 from the WIN Corporation as part of a deal to secure international cricket television rights. On 3 July 2013, it was reported that Nine would exercise an option to also buy STW-9 from WIN Corporation. Both purchases have resulted in these stations being, once again, O&O stations of the network for the first time since the 1980s.

On 8 November 2013, FIXPlay was merged into Jump-in, later renamed to 9Jumpin in May 2014, integrating catch-up TV with interactive social media.

As of 10 December 2013, Nine no longer broadcasts on analogue TV and is now only available through digital TV or digital set-top box.

On 27 January 2014, the Nine Network have stopped using the Supertext logo and have switched to their own Closed Captioning logo.

A new era in television (2014–2019)
Nine relaunched 9HD, in November 2015, an HD simulcast of their primary channel, on channel 90 and launched new lifestyle channel 9Life on channel 94. In addition to the relaunch of 9HD, GEM (renamed 9Gem) was reduced to standard definition and moved to channel 92 and GO! (renamed 9Go!) was moved to channel 93. On 16 December 2015, Nine also changed its on-air theme for a continuous design across all of its channels with the Nine News/9news.com.au branding to remain unchanged. This included a new look for program listings, program advertisements and promos. Additionally in November 2015, Hugh Marks replaced David Gyngell as CEO.

On 27 January 2016, Nine's online catch-up video on-demand service 9Jumpin was retired and replaced by 9Now. 9Now offers a range of content larger than 9Jumpin and also offers a live streaming service for Nine's multicast channels. Live streaming for Nine was launched on the same day, with streaming for 9Gem, 9Go! and 9Life launched on 19 May 2016. Following the launch of 9Now, the WIN Corporation, owner of Nine affiliate WIN Television, filed a lawsuit against Nine Entertainment Co., claiming that live streaming into regional areas breaches their affiliation agreement. The case was later dismissed on 28 April 2016 with Justice Hammerschlag of the NSW Supreme Court stating that, "I have concluded that live streaming is not broadcasting within the meaning of the PSA (program supply agreement), and that Nine is under no express or implied obligation not to do it."

Following their victory in the 9Now court case, Nine Entertainment Co. announced on 29 April 2016 that it had signed a $500 million five year affiliation deal with Southern Cross Austereo, the then-primary regional affiliate of Network 10. On 1 July 2016, WIN Television lost its Nine affiliate status to Southern Cross, which had Nine's metropolitan branding introduced across its now Nine-branded television assets. Nine later secured an affiliate deal with Mildura Digital Television, a joint venture between WIN and Prime Media Group, on 28 June 2016 to supply Nine content to the Mildura and Sunraysia area due to WIN switching affiliation to Network Ten. Nine finalised supply deals with WIN for South Australia and Griffith on 29 June 2016 after long negotiations, with a deal for Tasmanian joint venture TDT secured the following day after long negotiations. A supply deal for Western Australia joint venture West Digital Television was not secured before the 1 July 2016 deadline, but a deal was later finalised on 2 July 2016 with programming resuming that night. Also after 10 years as an independent affiliate, NBN was finally folded in to the Nine Network with the NBN logo being retired on air after 54 years. However, despite being a Nine O&O, NBN News remains as an independent news bulletin, despite adopting the full Nine News on air look.

In June 2018, it was announced that Nine would enter into a joint venture with Australian News Channel (ANC) to create Your Money, a business news channel that was replaced the Sky News Business Channel on Foxtel channel 601 and also available free-to-air through Nine on channel 95, replacing Extra. However, it closed on 17 May 2019 due to lack of advertising and poor ratings.

Return to the top (2019–2021)
After 12 years, the Nine Network won the 2019 ratings year for the first time since 2006. The Seven Network had won every ratings year between 2007 and 2018 inclusive, however, due to lower than expected ratings, and a launch of new programs not performing as hoped, this allowed Nine to regain lost ground during the most competitive times of the ratings period (most notably, Nine's Married At First Sight performed above expectations, and consistently beat My Kitchen Rules which saw its lowest figures on record) which resulted in Nine's first win in the first quarter since 2009.

Nine's yearly share for 2019 concluded at 29.4%, a 2.1% increase from 2018 (27.3%) compared to Seven's 29.0%, a 1.7% decline from 2018 (30.7%)

In 2020, despite drastic and last minute changes to most network's programming schedules in light of the COVID-19 pandemic the Nine Network has managed to retain the number one lead by a considerable margin.

On 5 April 2020, Nine launched 9Rush as a joint venture with Discovery Inc., which features action and adventure-themed reality series targeting a young adult male audience. On 1 October 2020, the Nine Network re-launched Extra, after 2 years being discontinued, thanks to Your Money.

On 21 November 2020, Nine moved their Sydney studios from Willoughby to North Sydney. This comes after real estate developer Mirvac bought the Willoughby studios in February 2020, and plans to transform the studios into 460 new homes.

In March 2021, it was reported that the network had suffered a suspected ransomware attack using MedusaLocker during live broadcast. The hack disrupted its programming in Sydney and Darwin. Australia's parliament and Taylors Wines was also subject to a cyberattack around the same time, although it is unclear if the incidents are connected.

On 12 March 2021, Nine announced that it would return to WIN Television as its regional affiliate in most markets beginning on 1 July 2021, in a deal that will last at least seven years. SCA subsequently announced that it would return to Network 10, effectively reversing their 2016 realignment. Under the agreement, WIN will pay half of its regional advertising revenue to Nine Entertainment Co., and provide advertising time for Nine's properties on its radio and television outlets. WIN will also provide advertising sales services for Nine's O&O stations NBN and NTD (with the former succeeding a similar agreement it had with SCA). Nine CEO Hugh Marks explained that "while our relationship with Southern Cross has been strong over the last five years, the opportunities presented by the WIN Network to both extend the reach of Nine's premium content into more regional markets under one agreement, and to work cooperatively with them on a national and local news operation, mean this is the right time for us to return to WIN."

Australian-based programs
The Nine Network broadcasts annual events such as ARIA Music Awards and Carols by Candlelight. The Nine Network's News and Current Affairs division, presents several bulletins and the weekday breakfast TV program's Today and Today Extra, as well as its weekend edition Weekend Today

The network presents a range of entertainment programming of various genre's from Australian and overseas sources.

Nine's current Australian programming line-up include: Getaway, 60 Minutes, The AFL Sunday Footy Show, Footy Classified, 100% Footy, The NRL Sunday Footy Show, Cross Court, RBT, Emergency, Paramedics, The Block, Tipping Point Australia, 20 to 1, Australian Ninja Warrior, Travel Guides, Lego Masters, Married at First Sight, The Hundred with Andy Lee, Parental Guidance, Snackmasters, The Summit, Love Island Australia, My Mum, Your Dad, Taronga: Who's Who in the Zoo, and Accidental Heroes.

International programs
Current US programs that air on Nine and its digital multichannels are sourced from Nine's deals with Roadshow Entertainment / Warner Bros. International Television Distribution and Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc (long running), Sony Pictures Television International / Sony Pictures Animation (Now elapsed), NBCUniversal Global Distribution and Illumination Entertainment / DreamWorks and DreamWorks Animation (long running since 2017, Now elapsed), Paramount Global Content Distribution / Paramount Home Entertainment (now elapsed), Miramax (now elapsed), Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, Disney Platform Distribution (selected films only) / Pixar Animation Studios, Disney Television Studios / 20th Television and 20th Century Studios / Regency Enterprises (also shared with Disney+) and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Television International.

The network's flagship overseas program was the popular sitcoms The Big Bang Theory (later moved to Network 10 as reruns in 2020) and Young Sheldon. Other American programs on Nine include medical drama Chicago Med, documentary series The First 48 and crime dramas Law & Order True Crime and Law & Order: Organized Crime. British programs on Nine include the U.K. game shows Pointless and ''Tipping Point. Sony Pictures daytime soap operas on 9Gem include Days of Our Lives and The Young and The Restless''. Extra aired on Nine up until its 26th season; it also aired the television adaptation of Lethal Weapon for much of its run. From 2008 until 2021 and 2013 respectively, Nine also broadcast the U.S. daytime talk shows The Ellen DeGeneres Show and The View.

In 2015, the network cut ties with Warner Bros. Television, which caused the local broadcast TV rights to such series as Arrow, Gotham, Mom and Two Broke Girls to be shopped around to other networks.

On 11 March 2015, Nine created a new acquired programming deal with Nickelodeon, granting the network programming rights which they currently share with 10 and ABC until in 2023.

On 2 April 2017, Nine created a new acquired programming deal with NBCUniversal, granting the network programming rights which they currently share with Seven.

On 22 February 2020, DreamWorks Animation films became exclusive to the Nine Network after 8 years in which Network 10 and Seven Network owned the telecast rights to them. This was owed to NBCUniversal having recently reunited with DreamWorks after a separation of 15 years and because of Network 10 having recently become a subsidiary of Paramount Australia & New Zealand and therefore having access to programming from Comedy Central, MTV and Nickelodeon, along with those Channel 5 in the United Kingdom and Telefe in Argentina. Nine, 10, and ABC continue to share their Paramount programs with each other.

Shared overseas programs
Sharing programs is currently a new rule for all networks after a period in which certain programs were exclusive to a particular channel. All the networks can now share programs again, and can separate different seasons of the same television series or franchise. Some television networks can also split different seasons of the same television series aired on both networks.

Shared US programming that airs on Nine and Seven and their digital multichannels are sourced from Nine and Seven's deals with DreamWorks Animation NBCUniversal Global Distribution, Warner Bros. Television Distribution / Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc (now elapsed), Sony Pictures Television International / Sony Pictures Animation, Disney Television Studios / 20th Television, 20th Century Studios (Now elapsed).

Shared US programming that airs on Nine and 10 and their digital multichannels are sourced from Nine and 10's deals with Paramount Global Content Distribution / Paramount Home Entertainment, DreamWorks / DreamWorks Animation (Paramount distributed films only), Miramax, Roadshow Entertainment / Warner Bros. Television Distribution and Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc (Now elapsed).

Shared US programming that airs on Nine and ABC and their digital multichannels are sourced from Nine and ABC's deals with Paramount Global Content Distribution, NBCUniversal Global Distribution / DreamWorks Animation, Warner Bros. Television Distribution, 20th Television, 20th Century Studios / Regency Enterprises, Sony Pictures Television International.

Former programs
The network formerly broadcast film and television titles from Nickelodeon from 2015 to 2022. Nickelodeon now belong to Network 10 and Paramount+. 10 and Paramount+ revived Nickelodeon broadcast rights.

History

The Nine Network's news service is Nine News (previously National Nine News). For many decades, it was the top-rating news service nationally, but was over taken in the mid-2000s by rival network Seven. Nine regained its news dominance (nationally) at the conclusion of the 2013 ratings year.

Nine produces several news bulletins and programmes, including Today, Today Extra, Weekend Today, Nine News: Early Edition, Nine Morning News, Nine Afternoon News, Nine News: First at Five, local nightly editions of Nine News as well as regional news bulletins for Northern New South Wales and the Gold Coast under the name NBN News and since March 2020, national late night bulletins titled Nine News Late

The news service also produces A Current Affair which programs every weekday and Saturday, Under Investigation, an investigative current affairs show which programs every Monday, and 60 Minutes, which programs every Sunday night. Until mid-2018 during weekday overnights and Sunday mornings, Nine rebroadcast American television network ABC's news and current affairs programme Good Morning America.

From 2008, major expansion saw Today broadcast on Saturday and Sunday, the weekday version running from 05:30 until 09:00 weekdays, the launch of the Nine Early News, the axing of the Sunday program, National Nine News becoming Nine News after poor ratings, losing to Seven News, Nine Late News was launched then renamed as Nightline and the 11am bulletin being renamed as Nine's Morning News, running from 11:00 until 12:00 weekdays (now a half-hour news bulletin from 2015 onwards).

Meanwhile, several additions have been made to Nine News teams around the country, as well as the acquisition of more reporters by A Current Affair and also state-based Today reporters (plus a Weekend Today weather presenter).

In 2014, Nine News website moved from its ninemsn website (now known as nine.com.au) to a brand-only website become 9news.com.au, which are still in use to this day.

Nine has posted journalists overseas to cover major European stories following the closure of its European bureau in late 2008, with the last European correspondent, James Talia, being redesignated to his former role as a senior Melbourne Nine News journalist. Reporters including Simon Bouda, Allison Langdon, Chloe Bugelly, Eddie Blake, Tim Arvier, and Brett McLeod have all been on projects for Nine News bulletins in Greece, the UK, France, South Africa, Thailand, and the Czech Republic.

Starting in the 1980's, the Eyewitness News theme music (adapted from the film Cool Hand Luke) has been the official Nine News theme. First adopted in the Sydney and Melbourne stations and later in Perth and Adelaide, it is now played nationwide in all 7 O&O stations in their respective newscasts. Until 2021, NBN News used its own theme music, from 8 November 2021, it started using the Nine News theme music. The theme is also used by Nine's radio division Nine Radio.

Sport
Channel Nine broadcasts all sporting events under the Wide World of Sports brand. The flagship sports of the brand are cricket until Nine lost the rights in 2018, Australian Open Tennis, National Rugby League (NRL), and formerly Australian Football League (AFL), until Nine lost the rights in 2006, and Super League while it existed. NRL games are broadcast in prime time on Nine in New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory, Northern Territory and Queensland on Friday nights; however, prime time NRL is shown at same time on multi-channel 9Gem in Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, and Tasmania.

Nine's other popular recurring sporting events include the State of Origin series, Gillette Twenty20 until Nine lost the rights in 2018, Gillette Series Cricket until Nine lost the rights in 2018, and Test cricket until Nine lost the rights in 2018. and formerly the Australian Swimming Championships until Nine lost the rights in 2009. As well as this, the Nine Network also had broadcast rights for the 2006 Commonwealth Games, and, in joint partnership with subscription television provider Foxtel, had broadcast rights for the 2010 Winter Olympics and the 2012 Summer Olympics. In February 2023, Nine regained the rights to the Olympics from the 2024 Summer Olympics through to the 2032 Summer Olympics in Brisbane.

On 26 May 2010, Nine became the first free-to-air television channel in Australia to broadcast in 3D. The broadcast was the 2010 State of Origin series.

In 2017 Nine's Wide World of Sports became the home of netball. The network broadcasts two live matches every Saturday Night of the new Suncorp Super Netball league. They also televise every Australian Diamonds Fixture and the Constellation Cup. All netball is live on 9Gem.

In 2018, Nine acquired the rights to the Australian Open from 2020 through 2024. In 2022, Nine extended its rights to the Australian Open until 2029.

On 20 February 2024, it was announced Nine had obtained the rights to broadcast the Melbourne Cup and Melbourne Cup carnival from 2024 through to 2029.

Availability
The Nine Network is simulcast in standard and high-definition digital. Nine's core programming is fibre-fed out of GTV Melbourne to its sister stations and affiliates, with TCN Sydney providing national news and current affairs programming. The current affairs programming was originally done at GTV before moving to TCN in 2012. The receiving stations and affiliates then insert their own localised news and advertising which is then broadcast in metropolitan areas and Northern NSW via owned-and-operated stations, including TCN Sydney, GTV Melbourne, QTQ Brisbane, NWS Adelaide, STW Perth, NTD Darwin and NBN Northern New South Wales. Nine Network programming is also carried into the rest of regional Australia by affiliate networks: WIN Television, Southern Cross Television and Imparja Television. Nine is also broadcast via satellite and cable on Foxtel.

In 2013, the Nine Network switched their captioning provider from Red Bee Media to Ai-Media.

9HD
The Nine Network originally launched a high-definition simulcast of their main channel on channel 90 on 1 January 2001 alongside the introduction of digital terrestrial television in Australia. The simulcast was relaunched as a breakaway multichannel 9HD on 17 March 2008 but was reverted to a simulcast on 3 August 2009 and was later replaced by GEM (now 9Gem) on 26 September 2010. 9HD was revived as a 1080i HD simulcast of Nine on 26 November 2015 on channel 90, bumping 9Gem to SD on channel 92.

9Now
9Now is a video-on-demand, catch-up TV service run by the Nine Network. The service became available on 27 January 2016, replacing Nine's previous service 9Jumpin. 9Now also offers online live streaming for Channel 9, 9Gem, 9Go!, 9Life and 9Rush.

Logo and corporate identity
The Nine Network logo, which consists of a numeral "9" beside nine dots arranged in a 3x3 grid, is one of the most recognisable logos in Australia.

In 1997, the dots were changed to spheres. The spheres returned to dots as a new on-air identity package was created by Velvet mediendesign in 2001.

This logo was redesigned by Velvet Mediendesign on 1 January 2001, with the introduction of digital TV in Australia and new graphics.

On 1 September 2002, the dots were changed back to spheres from the 1997 logo as well as the numeral becoming 3D for their "7 colours for 7 days" presentation package.

On 30 January 2006, the network and its affiliates relaunched their logos to coincide with Nine's 50th anniversary.

A numeral nine was reworked with a few rounded corners eliminated in process. This logo would use a blue square featuring the numeral altered, which saw the removal of the nine dots again. The graphics package used during that time was designed by Bruce Dunlop Associates.

Later on 15 January 2007, the blue square became solid, and in May they partially relaunched the nine dots, which are visible on every second surface of the box. This logo continued to be used in Perth and Adelaide stations until March 2010, when they reinstated the nine-dots logo.

On 14 January 2008, Nine completely reinstated the nine dots logo, but with a different design. The slogan used with this logo was "we♥TV", which had also been used in December 2007 with the previous logo. This time, the dots are now a bit bigger, like the 1969 logo and the numeral 9 from the previous 2006 logo would continue.

This logo would first be used in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane and Darwin markets but the logo would not be used in both Perth and Adelaide markets, until March 2010, due to being owned by WIN Corporation at the same time.

As a part of a major relaunch, the entire logo became 3D on the same day as part of a short-lived rebrand. The nine dots are represented by translucent 3D discs during that year. The music used throughout the network's ID's and promotions was "Smile"' by The Supernaturals, released in 1997. This logo would only be used in 4 metropolitan markets.

On 1 February 2009, the dots are once again 2D as part of a short-lived rebrand, which lasted until 26 September.

On 27 September, the dots are changed to spheres from the 1997 logo yet again when the network's original slogan "Welcome Home" was launched. It also began to re-use the iconic "Still The One" theme tune from 1992 in one of the ID's. The dots is smaller, like the previous 2001 logo and in March 2010, the dots were reinstated in both Perth and Adelaide markets.

Slogans

 * Summer 1971/1972: Have a Happy Summer (GTV-9 only)
 * 1972: Get the Channel 9 Feeling!
 * 1973: This is the Place to Be in '73
 * Winter 1974: Come Home to Us This Winter (GTV-9 only)
 * 1975–1976: Living Color
 * 1977: Let Us Be The One (from American Broadcasting Company in 1976)
 * 1978, 1980 – December 2006, 7 November 2021 – present: Still The One (also used by the American Broadcasting Company in 1977 and 1979, WIN Television from 1989 to December 2006, NBN Television from 1994 to December 2006 and GMV6, BTV6, VTV and TasTV in the 1990s)
 * 1979 – 31 May 2006: This is Channel 9
 * 1979: We're The One (from American Broadcasting Company in 1978)
 * 1980: The National Nine Network, First in Australia
 * 16 September 1981: 25 Years of Television.
 * 1982: Number One For Me. (GTV-9 / TCN-9 only)
 * 1983: Come On Along (from American Broadcasting Company in 1982, TNT-9 only and from the dialogue from NBC's song)
 * 1985: Now is the Time, Channel Nine is the Place (also used by American Broadcasting Company in 1982) (STW-9 only)
 * 1985: Nine's For You (QTQ-9 only)
 * 1986: You'll Love It (from American Broadcasting Company in 1985) (GTV-9 / TCN-9, QTQ-9 / NWS-9 only)
 * 1995: I am... We are Channel Nine People (from CBS I am CBS Everyday People in 1994)
 * 1996: Celebrating 40 Years of Television, This is Channel Nine
 * 1999–2000: New Millennium Television
 * Summer 2004/05: Feel Good Summer
 * 1 June 2006 – 30 November 2007: Channel Nine (also used at the end of promotions from 15 January 2007 to 13 January 2008)
 * 1 December 2007 – 31 January 2009: we♥TV
 * 1 February – 27 September 2009: Choose Nine
 * 27 September 2009 – 23 December 2017: Welcome Home (from CBS from 1996 to 1999)
 * 2014–present: Love This City (QTQ-9 only)
 * 16 September 2016: Celebrating 60 Years of Television, Happy Birthday, Channel Nine
 * Christmas 2016, 2017 and 2018: Merry Christmas
 * New Year's Day 2017 and 2018: Happy 2017, Happy 2018
 * October 2016 – present: We Lo♥e It (NBN only)
 * 24 December 2017 – 7 November 2021: We Are The One

Incidents
In March 2021, Thomas Sewell, leader of a neo-Nazi group, and an associate who filmed the incident, went to the Channel 9 Melbourne studios and asked to speak to news staff, before attacking a security guard who was trying to escort him out. Sewell was charged with affray, recklessly causing injury and assault.

title: Nine Network