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Orkdal

Orkdal is a former municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 2020 when it joined Orkland Municipality. It was part of the Orkdalen region. The administrative centre of the municipality was the city of Orkanger. Some of the notable villages in the municipality included Kjøra, Geitastrand, Gjølme, Thamshavn, Fannrem, Vormstad, Svorkmo, and Hoston.

Agriculture plays a significant role in the municipality. The Thamshavnbanen was used to transport ore from Løkken Verk to the port of Thamshavn, and is now a vintage railway. The Fannrem concentration camp was located in Fannrem during World War II. Orkanger is one of the main industrial hubs in central Norway. The industry is mainly located around Grønøra Industrial park. The largest companies are Technip Offshore Norge AS, Reinertsen, Washington Mills and Elkem Thamshavn AS.

At the time of its dissolution in 2020, the 594 km2 municipality was the 188th largest by area out of the 422 municipalities in Norway. Orkdal was the 97th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 11,933. The municipality's population density was 21.1 PD/km2 and its population had increased by 8.3% over the last decade.

General information
The prestegjeld of Orkdal was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). On 1 July 1920, the port of Orkanger (population: 1,715) and the southern district of Orkland (population: 1,760) were separated from Orkdal to form separate municipalities. During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1963, the municipalities of Orkanger, Orkland, and Geitastrand were merged with Orkdal to form a new, larger municipality of Orkdal.

On 1 January 2018, the municipality switched from the old Sør-Trøndelag county to the new Trøndelag county.

On 1 January 2020, the municipalities of Agdenes, Orkdal, and Meldal along with the majority of Snillfjord merged to form the new municipality of Orkland.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the Orkdalen valley (Orkardalr) since the first Orkdal Church was built there. The first element is the genitive case of the name of the river Ork (now called Orklaelva). The last element is which means "valley" or "dale". Historically, the name of the municipality was spelled Orkedalen. On 3 November 1917, a royal resolution changed the spelling of the name of the municipality to Orkedal, removing the definite form ending -en. On 12 December 1919, a royal resolution changed the spelling of the name of the municipality to Orkdal.

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 25 April 1986 and it was used until 1 January 2020 when the municipality was dissolved. The official blazon is "Vert, a pallet wavy argent" (I grønt en smal sølv stolpe dannet ved bølgesnitt). This means the arms have a green field (background) and the charge is a vertical wavy bar. The wavy line has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The design was chosen to symbolize the river Orklaelva which runs through fertile Orkdalen valley throughout the municipality. The arms are also a canting because the name of the municipality is derived from the name of the river. The arms were designed by Einar H. Skjervold. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.

Churches
The Church of Norway had four parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Orkdal. It is part of the Orkdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros.

Government
While it existed, this municipality was responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, unemployment and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads. During its existence, this municipality was governed by a municipal council of elected representatives, which in turn elected a mayor. The municipality fell under the Trøndelag District Court and the Frostating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Orkdal is made up of 35 representatives that are elected to four-year terms. The party breakdown of the final municipal council was as follows:

Mayors
The mayors of Orkdal:

 * 1837–1842: Johan Fredrik Roshauw
 * 1842–1843: Niels Finckenhagen
 * 1844–1847: Johan Fredrik Roshauw
 * 1848–1851: Andreas Lee Bull
 * 1852–1855: Christen Anderssen Rømme
 * 1856–1863: Andreas Lee Bull
 * 1864–1865: H.P. Dahl
 * 1866–1869: Christen Anderssen Rømme
 * 1870–1889: Johan Richter (H)
 * 1890–1895: Lars Garberg (V)
 * 1896–1898: Ole Kvam (V)
 * 1899–1901: Lars Garberg (V)
 * 1902–1916: John Iversen Wolden (V)
 * 1917–1919: Ole T. Hongslo (V)
 * 1920–1937: Ingebrigt I. Ustad (V)
 * 1938–1940: Erik Leland (V)
 * 1941-1941: Sigurd Garberg (V)
 * 1941–1944: Johannes Svendsen (NS)
 * 1944–1945: Asbjørn Hofstad (LL)
 * 1945-1945: Erik Leland (V)
 * 1946–1947: Sigurd Garberg (V)
 * 1948–1951: Nils Jerpstad (Bp)
 * 1952–1959: Olav Ansnes (V)
 * 1960–1962: Nils Jerpstad (Sp)
 * 1963-1963: Sverre Solligård (Ap)
 * 1964–1968: Kolbjørn Larsen (Ap)
 * 1968–1975: Ingrid Sandvik (Ap)
 * 1976–1979: Rasmus Skålholt (Ap)
 * 1979–1983: Kåre Gjønnes (KrF)
 * 1984–1987: Rudolf Larsen (Ap)
 * 1987-1987: Jorunn Wormdahl Asbøll (Ap)
 * 1988–1989: Elling Kvernmo (Sp)
 * 1990–1991: Harald Bugge (H)
 * 1992–1995: Elling Kvernmo (Sp)
 * 1995–1999: Arne Grønset (V)
 * 1999–2015: Gunnar Lysholm (LL)
 * 2015–2019: Oddbjørn Bang (Sp)

Geography
A large part of the population was concentrated in the Orkanger/Fannrem area, which is situated at the head of the Orkdalsfjord, a branch of the large Trondheimsfjord. The Orkla River, one of the better salmon rivers in Norway, meets the sea at Orkanger.

The lakes Hostovatnet, Gangåsvatnet, Våvatnet and Svorksjøen were located around the municipality.

The municipalities of Agdenes, Snillfjord and Hemne were located to the northwest, Rindal and Meldal to the south, and Melhus and Skaun to the east, and Trondheim and Indre Fosen were to the northeast across the Trondheimsfjord.

Notable people

 * Johan Bojer, author
 * Viktor Durasovic, professional tennis player
 * Nils Arne Eggen, the former coach of Rosenborg BK
 * Roar Ljøkelsøy, ski jumper
 * Gunnhild Sundli, singer of the Norwegian folk music band Gåte
 * Sveinung Sundli, fiddle and keyboard player of Gåte

Twin towns – Sister cities
Orkdal is twinned with:
 * 🇧🇦 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina

title: Orkdal


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Meldal

Meldal is a former municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 2020 when it joined Orkland Municipality. It was part of the Orkdalen region. The administrative centre of the municipality was the village of Meldal. Other villages included Løkken Verk, Bjørnli, Å, and Storås.

The municipality was most renowned for its mining activities at Løkken Verk, being the birthplace of the Orkla mining company, now Orkla Group. It was also home to the annual Storåsfestivalen music festival.

At the time of its dissolution in 2020, the 613 km2 municipality was the 184th largest by area out of the 422 municipalities in Norway. Meldal was also the 233rd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 3,930. The municipality's population density was 6.6 PD/km2 and its population had increased by 1.5% over the previous decade.

General information
The prestegjeld of Meldal was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). In 1839, the southern district of Meldal was separated to form the new Rennebu Municipality.

On 1 January 2018, the municipality switched from the old Sør-Trøndelag county to the new Trøndelag county.

On 1 January 2020, the municipalities of Agdenes, Orkdal, and Meldal along with the majority of Snillfjord were merged to form the new municipality of Orkland.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named Meldal (Meðaldalr) after its location in the Orkdalen valley. The first element is which means "middle". The last element is which means "valley" or "dale". Thus the name means "the middle of the valley". Historically, the name of the municipality was spelled Meldalen. On 3 November 1917, a royal resolution changed the spelling of the name of the municipality to Meldal, removing the definite form ending -en.

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 5 February 1985 and it was in use until 1 January 2020 when the municipality was dissolved. The official blazon is "Gules, an ear of corn in a roundel voided embattled Or" (I rød, et gull kornaks i tannhjul). This means the arms have a red field (background) and the charge is the top of an ear of corn inside a gear-shaped circular ring. The charge has a tincture of Or which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. The design was chosen to symbolize the importance of local industry and agriculture. The arms were designed by Harald Ekseth.

Churches
The Church of Norway had two parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Meldal. It is part of the Gauldal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros.

Geography
The municipality of Meldal was located along the Orkla River in the middle of the Orkdalen valley. The lakes Hostovatnet and Svorksjøen were located along the northern border of the municipality.

There were five municipalities that bordered Meldal: Rindal to the west, Rennebu to the south, Midtre Gauldal and Melhus to the east, and Orkdal to the north.

The Løkken Station was the terminal station on the historic Thamshavn Line railway that used to travel through the municipality.

Government
While it existed, this municipality was responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, unemployment and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads. During its existence, this municipality was governed by a municipal council of elected representatives, which in turn elected a mayor. The municipality fell under the Trøndelag District Court and the Frostating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Meldal is made up of 19 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The party breakdown of the final municipal council was as follows:

Mayors
The mayors of Meldal:

 * 1838–1843: Ole Olsen Rigstad
 * 1844–1849: Christian Rambech
 * 1850–1853: Ole Olsen Rigstad
 * 1854–1859: Erik Torgersen Loe
 * 1860–1863: Johannes Ring
 * 1864–1875: Ole Ellefsen
 * 1876–1877: Rasmus Dombu
 * 1878–1879: Ole O. Steien
 * 1880–1883: Johannes Ring (H)
 * 1884–1895: Ole O. Steien (V)
 * 1896–1897: Rasmus Dombu (H)
 * 1898–1904: Ole O. Steien (V)
 * 1905–1907: Rasmus Hoel (H)
 * 1908–1910: Anders O. Grut (H)
 * 1911–1913: Rasmus Hoel (H)
 * 1914–1919: J.E. Grefstad (V)
 * 1920–1922: E.L. Staveli (V)
 * 1923–1925: Gunnar Ree (Bp)
 * 1926–1928: E.L. Staveli (V)
 * 1929–1934: Gunnar Ree (Bp)
 * 1935–1937: Ingvald Svinsås-Lo (V)
 * 1938–1941: Johannes Togstad (Ap)
 * 1941–1945: Thorleif Eie (NS)
 * 1945–1951: Johannes Togstad (Ap)
 * 1952–1956: Anders Kokkvoll (Ap)
 * 1956–1967: Johan L. Strand (Ap)
 * 1968–1973: Ivar Bolme (Ap)
 * 1974–1980: John Akselsen (Ap)
 * 1980–2005: Arne L. Haugen (Ap)
 * 2005–2007: Ingrid Skarstein (Ap)
 * 2007–2011: Ivar Syrstad (Sp)
 * 2011–2019: Are Hilstad (Ap)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Meldal


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Rennebu

Rennebu is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Orkdalen region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Berkåk, located along European route E6. The majority of the population lives in the villages of Berkåk, Innset, Stamnan, Ulsberg, Voll, and Nerskogen.

The 948 km2 municipality is the 123rd largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Rennebu is the 255th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,481. The municipality's population density is 2.7 PD/km2 and its population has decreased by 2.1% over the previous 10-year period.

General information
The municipality of Rennebu was established in 1839 when it was separated from the municipality of Meldal. Initially, the population was 2,368. On 1 January 1966, the parish of Innset (population: 420) was transferred from Kvikne municipality (and also from Hedmark county) to Rennebu (and Sør-Trøndelag county). Then on 1 January 1970, the Garlia area (population: 5) was transferred from Tynset (and Hedmark county) to Rennebu (and Sør-Trøndelag). On 1 January 2018, the municipality switched from the old Sør-Trøndelag county to the new Trøndelag county.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named Rennebu (Rennabú). The first element is, maybe, the plural genitive case of which means "journey", "march", or "road". Probably because two old important roads cross the municipality: one follows the Orkla river from the Orkdalsfjord (part of the Trondheimsfjord) to the village of Berkåk where it connects with the road from the Gudbrandsdalen valley and Oppdal to Gauldalen and Trondheim (today the European route E6). The last element is which means "rural district".

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 19 February 1982. The official blazon is "Or, a pall reversed couped gules" (I gull ein svevande omvend raud gaffelkross). This means the arms have a field (background) has a tincture of Or which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. The charge is a Y-shaped design in red. The design symbolizes the outline of the local church, Rennebu kirke (erected 1669), which is one of the oldest (and very few) churches in Norway based on a Y-shaped outline. The arms were designed by Bjørn Casper Horgen after an idea by Magne Jostein Hoel. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.

Churches
The Church of Norway has three parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Rennebu. It is part of the Gauldal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros.

Geography
Rennebu mainly consists of uncultivated areas of mountains, lakes, moors, and forests. The highest point is the 1548 m tall Svarthetta. The mountain Ilfjellet is located in the northeastern part of the municipality.

The Orkla River flows through the municipality from south to north in the Orkdalen valley. The northeasternmost part of the Trollheimen mountain range also lies within the municipality of Rennebu.

The municipality is surrounded by the municipalities of Oppdal and Rindal to the west, Meldal to the north, Midtre Gauldal to the east, and Tynset to the south. The Forollhogna National Park lies in the extreme southeastern part of the municipality.

Climate
Situated at some altitude inland in mid-Norway, Rennebu has a boreal climate. 10 of the 12 record lows are from 1967 or older. The all-time low -37.6 °C is from February 1953. The most recent record low is August from 1987. The all-time high 30.4 °C is from July 1991. Snow depth recording in Berkåk (475 m) shows that Berkåk on average has 138 days/year with at least 25 cm snow on the ground (base period 1991–2008).

Government
Rennebu Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Trøndelag District Court and the Frostating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Rennebu is made up of 21 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Mayors
The mayors (ordfører) of Rennebu:

 * 1839–1845: Ingebrigt Trondsen Eggan
 * 1846–1849: Engel Meslo
 * 1850–1851: Ole Olsen
 * 1852–1853: Ingebrigt Stavne, Sr.
 * 1854–1857: Engel Meslo
 * 1858–1859: Torger Rise
 * 1860-1860: Mikkel Kosberg
 * 1860–1861: Ingebrigt Stavne, Sr.
 * 1862–1863: Torger Rise
 * 1864–1867: Johan Fredrik Jørgen Schwabe
 * 1868–1871: Einar Hoel
 * 1872–1877: Ingebrigt Meslo
 * 1878–1881: Arnt Johnsen Mærk
 * 1882–1893: Ingebrigt Meslo (MV)
 * 1894–1903: Trond Trondsen Eggan (V)
 * 1903–1904: Sivert Gunnes (V)
 * 1905–1907: Ingebrigt Stavne, Jr. (V)
 * 1908–1913: Sivert Gunnes (V)
 * 1914–1922: Angrim Brattset (V)
 * 1923–1925: Mikkel Voll (V)
 * 1926–1931: Ola Mikkelsen Gunnes (V)
 * 1932–1934: Jon Gunnes (V)
 * 1935–1937: Karl Johnson (V)
 * 1938–1942: Erik Myrmo (Bp)
 * 1942–1945: Inge Clett Mull (NS)
 * 1945-1945: Erik Myrmo (Bp)
 * 1946–1947: Arnt Kjelland (V)
 * 1948–1951: Karl Johnson (V)
 * 1952–1955: Ingebrigt Haugset (Bp)
 * 1956–1959: John M. Meslo (V)
 * 1960–1965: Jens P. Flå (KrF)
 * 1965–1967: Torleif Sundset (V)
 * 1968–1973: Jens P. Flå (KrF)
 * 1973–1975: Kåre Kleven (Sp)
 * 1976–1985: Magne Jostein Hoel (Sp)
 * 1986–1991: Alf Gunnes (KrF)
 * 1992–1995: Magne Jostein Hoel (Sp)
 * 1995–1999: Tora Husan (KrF)
 * 1999–2006: Trond Jære (Sp)
 * 2006–2011: Bjørn Rogstad (H)
 * 2011–2015: Ola T. Lånke (KrF)
 * 2015–2023: Ola Øie (Ap)
 * 2023-present: Per Arne Lium (Sp)

Notable people

 * Jürgen Christoph von Koppelow (1684 in Rennebu – 1770), a Norwegian nobleman and military officer
 * Jens P. Flå (born 1923 in Rennebu - 2002), a politician and Mayor of Rennebu from 1959 to 1969
 * Heidi Skjerve (born 1979 in Rennebu), a Norwegian jazz singer and composer
 * Astrid Smeplass (born 1996 in Berkåk), a Norwegian singer and songwriter who uses the stage name Astrid S

Sport

 * Magne Myrmo (born 1943 in Rennebu), a former cross-country skier, silver medallist at the 1972 Winter Olympics
 * Vebjørn Rodal (born 1972 in Berkåk), a former 800m. runner, gold medallist at the 1996 Summer Olympics
 * Vegard Skjerve (born 1988 in Rennebu), a retired Norwegian footballer with 276 caps with FK Haugesund
 * Jo Sondre Aas (born 1989 in Grindal), a Norwegian football player with over 330 club caps

title: Rennebu


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Røros

(Norwegian) or is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Røros. Some of the villages in Røros include Brekken, Glåmos, Feragen, Galåa, and Hitterdalen.

The mining town of Røros (the administrative centre of the municipality) is sometimes called Bergstaden which means "mountain town" due to its historical renown for copper mining. It is one of two towns in Norway that were historically designated "mining towns", along with the "silver-town" of Kongsberg. The modern-day inhabitants of Røros still work and live in the characteristic 17th and 18th century buildings which led to its designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980. Røros has about 80 wooden houses, most of them standing around courtyards. Many retain their dark pitch-log facades, giving the town a medieval appearance.

The 1957 km2 municipality is the 39th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Røros is the 167th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 5,598. The municipality's population density is 3.2 PD/km2 and its population has increased by 0.2% over the previous 10-year period.

General information
The parish of Røros was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). On 1 January 1875, an unpopulated area of the neighbouring municipality of Ålen was transferred to Røros. On 1 January 1926, Røros was split into four municipalities: Røros landsogn (population: 701), Brekken (population: 1,098), Glåmos (population: 983), and the town of Røros (population: 2,284). During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964, the four municipalities of Glåmos (population: 700), Brekken (population: 964), Røros landsogn (population: 482), and the town of Røros (population: 3,063) were all reunited under the name Røros. On 21 April 1989, an unpopulated part of Røros was transferred to the neighbouring Holtålen municipality. On 1 January 2018, the municipality switched from the old Sør-Trøndelag county to the new Trøndelag county.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish and town) is named after the old Røros farm (Røyðaróss) since this was the site of the mining town of Røros. The first element comes from the local river name Røa (Røyðr) which has an unknown meaning. The last element comes from which means "mouth of a river" (the small river Røa runs into the great river Glåma here).

On 9 September 2022, the national government approved a resolution to add a co-equal, official Sami language name for the municipality: Rosse. The spelling of the Sami language name changes depending on how it is used. It is called Rosse when it is spelled alone, but it is Rossen tjïelte when using the Sami language equivalent to "Røros municipality".

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 29 October 1992. The blazon is "Gules, a venus symbol over a crossed hammer and chisel Or" (I rødt, en gull kobber (venus-symbol) over korslagt bergjarn og feisel). This means the arms have a red field (background) and the charge is a venus symbol over a crossed hammer and chisel. The charge has a tincture of Or which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. The design symbolizes the copper mining industry in Røros. The venus symbol is the old symbol for copper, which was heavily mined in Røros for centuries. The arms were designed by Sverre Ødegaard. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.

Churches
The Church of Norway has four parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Røros. It is part of the Gauldal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros.

History
Røros municipality has historically been used by the Southern Sami people for reindeer herding. Known for its copper mines, Røros is one of Norway's two nationally significant mining towns with activity starting in the 17th century (the other one being the "silver-town" Kongsberg, see Kongsberg Silver Mines).

Røros was burned to the ground in 1678 and 1679 by the Swedish Army during the Scanian War. In 1718, during the Great Northern War, the town was once again taken by the Swedish Army, led by General De la Barre, who made up the southern arm of the main Swedish Army under Carl Gustaf Armfeldt. De la Barre took the city and all their mined copper at gunpoint.

When King Carl XII was killed near Fredriksten on 30 November 1718, De la Barre retreated north to join the bulk of the army. However, this ended in tragedy, when over 3,000 rather unprepared soldiers perished in the harsh weather conditions in the mountains northwest of Røros.

Røros and its people were made famous to Norwegians at the turn of the 20th century by semi-fictional author Johan Falkberget, who told the story of the mining community from the perspective of the hard-tested miners at the bottom of the social ladder.

With its authentic wooden buildings, Røros was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Site list in 1980.

Røros Copper Works
In 1644, the general manager of the mine at Kongsberg gave permission to exploit one lode of copper in the mountains near Rauhaammaaren. Storvola and Gamle Storwartz became some of the company's most important mines. Nordgruve, another important mining area, was situated to the north east of Røros.

In 1685, Røros discovered a considerable amount of associated silver mines. The mining activity lasted for about 40 years, and a total of 1,350 tons of sterling silver was mined. This provided considerable revenue for the Danish-Norwegian treasury to support Frederick IV in building the palace of Solbjerg.

1740 onwards saw a period of greatness for the Røros Copper Works with several mines yielding well. Due to the funding of the Oldenburg royal family, the scale of the Leros silver mine and copper mine expanded. As the mine is close to Trondheim and at a lower latitude, the ore output is much higher than ScandinaviaFalun. The rich income of the mining area also prompted the royal family to repeatedly ask for an expansion of the mining. Dynamite was utilised from 1870 and later drilling machines. The electrical generating station built high-tension power lines to supply the mines, starting in 1897. The Bessemer process was introduced at the end of the 1800s. The Rørosbanen railway line was completed in 1877. High prices for both copper and zinc gave good results, but then the prices dropped and there were several years with large losses. After 333 years, mining activity in Røros ceased in 1977.

Culture
During winter, a traditional market called "Rørosmartnan" is organised, drawing an average 60,000–70,000 tourists to the town of Røros each year. The market begins on the last Tuesday in February and lasts five days. There is also an outdoor musical theatre performance played in Røros to commemorate the tragedy when the Swedish soldiers froze to death. This show has been played since 1994.

The town of Røros was the filming location for Henrik Ibsen's play "A Doll's House", directed by Joseph Losey.

Media
The newspapers Arbeidets Rett and Fjell-Ljom are published in Røros.

Government
Røros Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Trøndelag District Court and the Frostating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Røros is made up of 27 representatives who are elected to four-year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Mayors
The mayors (ordfører) of Røros:

(Municipality was divided into four other municipalities from 1926-1964.)
 * 1838–1845: Knud Olsen
 * 1846–1847: Peter Ascanius Schult
 * 1848–1850: Julius Begtrup
 * 1851–1856: Diderik Iversen Tønseth
 * 1857–1860: Johannes Berg
 * 1861–1882: Diderik Iversen Tønseth (V)
 * 1883–1901: Anders Bergan (V)
 * 1902–1904: Marius Müller (H)
 * 1905–1913: Lars T. Ormhaug (V)
 * 1914–1919: Lars Tørres (Ap)
 * 1920–1922: Johannes Iv. Ødegaard (Ap)
 * 1923–1925: Anders O. Sandkjernan (Bp)
 * 1964–1967: Ole J. Kværneng (Ap)
 * 1968–1971: Per A. Strickert (Ap)
 * 1972–1973: Rolf Køste (Ap)
 * 1973–1975: Per A. Strickert (Ap)
 * 1976–1979: Knut W. Larssen (Ap)
 * 1980–1987: Erling Sven Busch (Ap)
 * 1987-1987: Anders Døhl (Ap)
 * 1988-1993: Arne Kokkvoll (Ap)
 * 1993-1999: Even Erlien (Sp)
 * 1999-2007: John Helge Andersen (Ap)
 * 2007-2019: Hans Vintervold (Ap)
 * 2019–present: Isak Veierud Busch (Ap)

Geography
Røros is located on a gently sloping plateau about 630 m above sea level that is forested with mostly birch and some pine, but the tree line is never far away. The largest lake within the municipality is Aursund and the river Glåma has its origin here. The most northerly part of Femund, the third largest lake in Norway, is located in Røros, just west of Femundsmarka National Park. These lakes and others in Røros, such as Bolagen and Flensjøen, are well suited for kayaking and fishing. Other lakes include Feragen, Håsjøen, Rambergsjøen, Korssjøen, Nedre Roasten, Rogen, and Rien.

Climate
Røros has a subarctic climate. Mostly sheltered from oceanic influences, and located at ca 650 m amsl, Røros has recorded the coldest temperatures in the southern half of Norway with −50.3 C in early January 1914. In the European cold snap of January 2010 Røros recorded low of −42 C. The coldest months recorded are January 1941 and January 1942, both with mean -20.6 C, and average daily low -26.9 C in January 1941. Winters at Røros are reliably cold. The warmest January (1973) had mean -2.8 C, the warmest winter month on record was December 2006 with mean -0.5 C, and the warmest March (2012) had mean -0.3 C. The heat record 30.7 C was recorded in July 2008. The warmest month on record is July 2014 with mean 16 C, while July 2018 had the warmest average daily high with 23.3 C.

Skiing conditions in winter are usually excellent, with the period from February to April being the optimum, as the sun is higher and the days longer than earlier in winter. The deepest snow depth recorded in Røros is 200 cm in March 1956. In more recent years, 87 cm snow on the ground was recorded in March 2009. Snow on the ground is virtually guaranteed in Røros from December to early April. Early May 1997 saw 76 cm snow on the ground (source: eklima/met.no).

Haugan, an unincorporated settlement situated 2 km from Røros Airport, is the location of a weather station operated by the Norwegian Meteorologist institute. (Meteorologisk institutt).

All the record lows are old, the most recent (December) from 1978, while more than half of the monthly record highs are from year 2000 or later.

Transportation
The municipality is served by the Rørosbanen railway line at Røros Station. Røros Airport has a scheduled service to Oslo. Norwegian County Road 30 (Fylkesvei 30) connects Røros to the south to Tynset and northwest down the Gaula valley towards Trondheim. There is also the Norwegian County Road 705 going north to Selbu and Stjørdal, and the Norwegian County Road 31  (Fylkesvei 31) going east to Sweden.

Notable people

 * Ole Andreas Bachke (1830 in Røros – 1890), Norwegian jurist and government minister
 * Per Bergersen (1960–1990 in Røros), musician
 * Even Erlien (born 1955), politician, mayor of Røros municipality until 1999
 * Johan Falkberget (1879 in Røros – 1967), author, nominee for the Nobel Prize in Literature
 * Magnus Falkberget (1900 in Røros – 1957), Norwegian actor and theatre manager
 * Per Edgar Kokkvold (born 1946 in Røros), journalist, chair of the Norwegian Broadcasting Council
 * Synnøve Korssjøen (born 1949 in Røros), Norwegian goldsmith
 * Lorentz Lossius (1589–1654), German-born, Norwegian mining engineer, founder of the Røros Copper Works (Røros Kobberverk)
 * Sven Nyhus (born 1932 in Røros), folk musician, fiddler, composer and musicologist
 * Dag Rune Olsen (born 1962 in Røros), cancer researcher and professor of biomedical physics
 * Michael Rosing (1756 in Røros – 1818), Norwegian-Danish actor
 * Johannes Smemo (1898 in Rugldalen – 1973), theologian and Bishop of Oslo 1951 to 1968

Sport

 * Stein Erik Gullikstad (born 1952 in Røros) a Nordic combined skier, competed at the 1976 Winter Olympics
 * Monicha Nergaard (born 1968), Norwegian archer, Norwegian championship gold medalist
 * Kjell Jakob Sollie (born 1953 in Røros) a cross-country skier, competed at the 1980 Winter Olympics

title: Røros


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Holtålen

Holtålen is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Gauldalen region. The administrative centre of the municipality is located in the Ålen area of the village of Renbygda. Other villages in the municipality include Hessdalen, Aunegrenda, and Haltdalen.

The 1209.5 km2 municipality is the 89th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Holtålen is the 279th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,997. The municipality's population density is 1.7 PD/km2 and its population has decreased by 1.6% over the previous 10-year period.

General information
The municipality of Holtaalen was established on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). In 1841, the western part of the municipality was separated to become the municipality of Singsaas. This left Holtaalen with 1,885 residents. Then in 1855, the southeastern part of Holtaalen was separated to become the municipality of Aalen, leaving Holtaalen with 809 residents. The spelling of the name was changed to Holtålen in 1921. In 1937, the name was changed from Holtålen to Haltdalen. On 1 January 1972, the municipality of Haltdalen was merged with the neighboring municipality of Ålen to form the new (present-day) municipality of Holtålen (resurrecting an old name for the area as the name of the new municipality). Prior to the merger, Haltdalen had 778 residents. On 21 April 1989, a small unpopulated part of the neighboring municipality of Røros was transferred to Holtålen. On 1 January 2018, the municipality switched from the old Sør-Trøndelag county to the new Trøndelag county.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the local valley (Holtdalr and later Holtáll). The first element is Holt is the old name for the local river Holda. The last element is which means "valley" or "dale". Later, around the year 1400, the suffix changed to which means "ditch" or "gully" ( is the modern definite form of this word).

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 4 March 1988. The official blazon is "Gules, a grouse argent" (I rødt en stående sølv rype). This means the arms have a red field (background) and the charge is a willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus) (a type of grouse). The ptarmigan has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. This common local bird was chosen to reflect the importance of hunting in the municipality. The arms were designed by Kari Vårhus Sagen.

Churches
The Church of Norway has three parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Holtålen. It is part of the Gauldal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros.

Geography
The Gauldalen valley with the river Gaula originates from the mountainous area near the mining town of Røros, about 35 km south of Renbygda, which is listed as a World Heritage Site. At the village of Renbygda the deep Gauldalen valley disappears into the mountains, not far from the lake Riasten.

The western part of Holtålen is where the Forollhogna National Park is located with the mountain Forollhogna on the border with Midtre Gauldal municipality. The lake Øyungen lies just outside the park.

The Kjøli and Killingdal copper mines are located in the southeastern part of Holtålen. The last mine in production was Killingdal until it closed down in 1986.

Hessdalen is a mountain valley joining the Gauldal valley close to the village of Renbygda. Around 1983, Hessdalen became famous for UFO observations and the Hessdalen lights. Because of this the Hessdalen AMS station was founded in the valley.

The Rørosbanen railway line runs through the municipality, stopping at the Ålen Station and Haltdalen Station.

Government
Holtålen Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Trøndelag District Court and the Frostating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Holtålen is made up of 11 representatives that are elected to four-year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Mayors
The mayors (ordfører) of Holtålen:

 * 1972–1975: Arne Wolden (Ap)
 * 1976–1979: Olav Myran (Ap)
 * 1980–1991: Håvard Moen (Ap)
 * 1991–2011: Ivar Volden (Ap)
 * 2011–2015: Heidi Greni (Sp)
 * 2015–2019: Jan Håvard Refsethås (Sp)
 * 2019–2023: Arve Hitterdal (LL)
 * 2023-present: Jan Arild Sivertsgård (Ap)

Notable people

 * Mons Lie (1757 in Ålen – 1827), a Norwegian police chief, writer, and songwriter
 * Hans Bull Brodtkorb Mohr (1886 in Haltdalen – 1973), an educator and international cooperation activist
 * Anders Bjørgaard (1891 in Holtålen – 1967), a Norwegian illustrator of the comic series Jens von Bustenskjold
 * Kåre Prytz (1926 in Ålen – 1994), a Norwegian journalist and novelist

title: Holtålen


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Midtre Gauldal

Midtre Gauldal is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Gauldalen region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Støren. Other villages in the municipality include Singsås, Soknedal, Enodden, and Rognes.

The 1861 km2 municipality is the 44th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Midtre Gauldal is the 156th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 6,133. The municipality's population density is 3.4 PD/km2 and its population has decreased by 2.1% over the previous 10-year period.

General information
Midtre Gauldal was established as a new municipality on 1 January 1964 after the merger of the old municipalities of Budal (population: 529), Singsås (population: 1,554), Soknedal (population: 1,916), and Støren (population: 2,296). On 1 January 2018, the municipality switched from the old Sør-Trøndelag county to the new Trøndelag county.

Name
The name Midtre Gauldal was created in 1964. The first element is the Norwegian word Midtre meaning "middle" and the last part is Gauldal which is the name of the valley through which the river Gaula flows. Therefore, the meaning of the name is "the middle part of Gauldalen".

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 17 December 1982. The official blazon is "Vert, three crosses in pall conjoined argent" (I grønt tre sølv kors samlet i form av et gaffelkors). This means the arms have a green field (background) and the charge is a design made up of three crosses, joined in the middle, which makes a Y-shaped figure. The charge has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The crossed-Y design has several meanings. First, it symbolizes the landscape which is based on the meeting of the main Gauldal and Soknedal valleys at the village of Støren. Furthermore, the municipality has a major Y-shaped road-and-railway junction. Finally, the Budal Church, dating from 1745 is one of the oldest and one of the few remaining Y-shaped churches in the country. The arms were designed by Halvor Aune. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.

Churches
The Church of Norway has four parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Holtålen. It is part of the Gauldal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros.

Geography
The municipality is bordered by Meldal municipality to the west, Rennebu municipalities to the south-west, Melhus and Selbu municipalities to the north, Holtålen municipality to the east, and Os and Tynset municipalities (in Hedmark county) to the south-east.

The lake Samsjøen is located in the northern part of the municipality. The Gauldalen valley follows the Gaula River through the municipality. The mountain Forollhogna lies on the southern border of the municipality inside Forollhogna National Park.

Climate
Kotsøy village in Midtre Gauldal is situated in the Gaula river valley close to Gaula river, surrounded by steep hills covered with spruce forest. The climate is boreal, but with fairly mild winters for this climate type, and not far from humid continental climate. The record high 34.3 °C was recorded July 25, 2019. The record low -31.1 °C was recorded February 2010, and the January record low is also from 2010.

Government
Midtre Gauldal Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Trøndelag District Court and the Frostating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Midtre Gauldal is made up of 33 representatives that are elected to four-year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Mayors
The mayors (ordfører) of Midtre Gauldal:

 * 1964–1967: Jacob Hindbjørgen (Ap)
 * 1968–1975: Ola Birger Vagnild (Sp)
 * 1976–1983: Oddbjørn Snøfugl (Sp)
 * 1984–1987: Anders Storrøsæter (Sp)
 * 1988–1995: Fredrik Busklein (Sp)
 * 1995–2003: Kolbjørn Tangvik (Ap)
 * 2003–2015: Erling Lenvik (Ap)
 * 2015–2023: Sivert Moen (Sp)
 * 2023-present: Trude Solem Heggdal (Ap)

Media
The newspaper Gauldalsposten is published in Midtre Gauldal.

Transportation
European route E6 crosses the municipality from north to south. The Dovrebanen and Rørosbanen railway lines also cross the municipality. Some of the stations on those lines include Støren Station and Singsås Station.

Notable people

 * Vincents Stoltenberg Bull (1882 in Støren – 1935), a Norwegian engineer and businessperson
 * Oddbjørn Snøfugl (born 1941), a Norwegian politician who lives in Støren
 * Karl Erik Zachariassen (1942–2009), a Norwegian entomologist who lived in Soknedal
 * Helge Anshushaug (born 1948 in Soknedal), a retired sport shooter who competed at the 1972 and 1976 Summer Olympics

title: Midtre Gauldal


text:
Melhus

Melhus is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Gauldalen region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Melhus. Other villages include Gåsbakken, Hovin, Korsvegen, Kvål, Ler, Lundamo, Storsand, and Øysand.

Agriculture is important in Melhus, and the extensive lowland areas in the almost flat valley surrounding the Gaula River are dominated by grain fields. Many inhabitants work in the city of Trondheim, a 20-minute drive north from Melhus.

The 694 km2 municipality is the 166th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Melhus is the 74th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 17,340. The municipality's population density is 26.5 PD/km2 and its population has increased by 10.6% over the previous 10-year period.

General information
Melhus was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). In 1865, the western district of Høilandet (population: 1,818) was separated from Melhus to form a separate municipality. Then on 1880, the eastern district of Flaa (population: 614) was separated to form its own municipality. During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964, Melhus (population: 3,978) was merged with the neighboring municipalities of Hølonda (population: 1,428), Flå (population: 843), Horg (population: 2,560), and the small Langørgen farm area in the neighboring municipality of Buvik (population: 11) to form a new, larger municipality of Melhus. On 1 January 2018, the municipality switched from the old Sør-Trøndelag county to the new Trøndelag county.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Melhus farm (Meðalhúsar) since the first Melhus Church was built there. The first element is which means "middle". The last element is the plural form of which means "house". The farm is one part of a greater and older farm, which had the name Óðinssalr which means "the (mead hall) of Odin".

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 8 November 1979. The official blazon is "Gules, a bowman genuant Or" (På rød bunn en gull knestående bueskytter). This means the arms have a red field (background) and the charge is a kneeling archer. The archer has a tincture of Or which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. The arms were chosen to symbolize a local hero, Einar Tambarskjelve, who was a famous chief and archer from Melhus in the 11th century. He is mentioned as an archer for King Olav Tryggvason in the Battle of Svolder. The arms were designed by Hallvard Trætteberg. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.

Churches
The Church of Norway has four parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Melhus. It is part of the Gauldal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros.

History
Melhus was the site of many important events during the Viking Age. It was the site of the farm Rimul in Melhus at which Jarl Haakon was killed by his slave, Tormod Kark. Jarlshola is the location in Melhus thought to have been the hiding place of Jarl Haakon and Tormod Kark on their last night before the infamous murder at Rimul.

Geography
The 695 km2 municipality of Melhus includes the valley of the river Gaula as it flows northwards towards its mouth at the Gaulosen, an arm of the Trondheimsfjord. The lake Svorksjøen lies on the western border with Orkdal and Meldal. The lakes Benna and Ånøya lie in the central part of the municipality, and the lake Samsjøen lies on the southeastern border with Midtre Gauldal municipality. The mountains of Rensfjellet and Vassfjellet lie on the eastern border with Selbu and Klæbu municipalities, respectively.

Government
Melhus Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Trøndelag District Court and the Frostating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Melhus is made up of 37 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Mayors
The mayors (ordfører) of Melhus:

 * 1838–1839: John Jensen Gravråk
 * 1840–1847: Nils Nilssøn Dahl
 * 1848–1851: Israel Melhus
 * 1852–1856: Rasmus Jagtøien
 * 1856–1859: Israel Melhus
 * 1860–1865: Lars Qvam
 * 1866–1871: Hans Jensen Blom
 * 1872–1875: John Skjerdingstad
 * 1876–1881: Anders P. Skjerdingstad (H)
 * 1882–1891: Nils Jensen Melhus (V/MV)
 * 1892–1904: Klaus J. Søberg (V)
 * 1905–1907: Nils Jensen Melhus (V)
 * 1908–1913: Eystein Kvam (V)
 * 1914–1919: Elias Gafseth (V)
 * 1920–1922: Ole T. Hollum (H)
 * 1923–1925: Ole T. Øyaas (V)
 * 1926–1937: Even P. Borten (Bp)
 * 1938–1940: Nicolay J. Eggen (Ap)
 * 1941–1945: Hans Bollingmo (NS)
 * 1946–1947: Anders Eggen (Bp)
 * 1948–1955: Martin Borten (Bp)
 * 1956–1971: Gustav Berg (Sp)
 * 1972–1973: Johan Hogstad (Sp)
 * 1974–1975: Bjørn Havdal (Ap)
 * 1975–1987: Johan Hogstad (Sp)
 * 1988–1989: Per O. Rimolsrønning (H)
 * 1989–1995: Sigurd Busklein (Sp)
 * 1995-2001: Anders Estenstad (Ap)
 * 2001-2003: Solfrid Løvseth (Ap)
 * 2003-2011: Erling Bøhle (Ap)
 * 2011-2015: Jorid Jagtøyen (Sp)
 * 2015-2019: Gunnar Krogstad (Ap)
 * 2019–2023: Jorid Jagtøyen (Sp)
 * 2023-present: Einar Gimse-Syrstad (Ap)

Transportation
European route E6 runs north and south through the municipality, following the Gaula River. There is also a 3 km long stretch of European route E39 passes east and west in the northern part of Melhus between Buvika and Leinstrand.

The Dovre Line also follows the river through Melhus. The following stations are located along the railway line in Melhus: Melhus Station, Kvål Station, Ler Station, Lundamo Station, and Hovin Station. The railroad goes through the Gulfoss Tunnel at Hovin.

Newspapers

 * Trønderbladet: Largest newspaper in Melhus.
 * Gaula: Newspaper published in Melhus which also covers the Midtre Gauldal and Byneset

Notable people

 * Einar Thambarskelfir (ca.980 – ca.1050), an influential nobleman and de facto ruler of Norway
 * Johannes Klingenberg Sejersted (1761 in Flå – 1823), a Norwegian senior military officer
 * Hartvig Nissen (1815 in Melhus – 1874), a Norwegian philologist and educator
 * Walter Scott Dahl (1839 in Melhus – 1906), a politician and Government minister
 * Sophus Dahl (1877 in Horg– 1952), a Norwegian theater and film actor
 * Martin Tranmæl (1879 in Melhus – 1967), a Party Secretary and MP for the Norwegian Labour Party and editor of Arbeiderbladet
 * Per Borten (1913 in Flå – 2005), the Prime Minister of Norway from 1965 to 1971
 * Odd Bye (1916 in Horg – 2010), a journalist and politician
 * Hans Flock (born 1940 in Melhus), a Supreme Court Justice in Norway from 1996 to 2010
 * Tor Singsaas (born 1948), the Bishop of Nidaros who grew up in Melhus
 * Jorun Thørring (born 1955), a Norwegian crime writer and gynaecologist who lives in Melhus
 * Torstein Flakne (born 1960), a rock musician, member of The Kids, and founder of Stage Dolls
 * Hans Bollandsås (born 1980 in Melhus), a blues musician who won the Norwegian X Factor in 2010

Sport

 * Magnar Estenstad (1924 in Hølonda – 2004), a cross-country skier who was bronze and team silver medallist at the 1952 Winter Olympics
 * Toralf Engan (born 1939) ski jumper, a gold and silver medallist at the 1964 Winter Olympics
 * Magne Thomassen (born 1941 in Melhus), a speed skater silver medallist at the 1968 Winter Olympics
 * Oddvar Brå (born 1951 in Hølonda), a cross-country skier and team silver medallist at the 1972 & 1980 Winter Olympics
 * Unni Lehn (born 1977 in Melhus), a footballer and team gold medallist at the 2000 Summer Olympics
 * Ingrid Engen (born 1998 in Melhus), a football midfielder for FC Barcelona and the Norway national team

title: Melhus


text:
Skaun

Skaun is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Orkdalen region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Børsa. Other villages include Buvika, Eggkleiva, Melby, Skaun, and Viggja.

Skaun is predominantly rural, but is nonetheless situated only 25 km from Norway's third largest city, Trondheim. Most inhabitants, except agricultural and public sector workers, work outside of Skaun in Trondheim, Orkanger, or Melhus. The European route E39 runs east to west across the northern part of the municipality and Norwegian County Road 709 runs north and south through the municipality.

The 224 km2 municipality is the 297th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Skaun is the 127th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 8,441. The municipality's population density is 39.6 PD/km2 and its population has increased by 18.2% over the previous 10-year period.

General information
The municipality of Børseskognen was established on 1 January 1890 when it was separated from the municipality of Børsa. The initial population was 1,410. In 1930, the name was changed to Skaun.

During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1965, the three neighboring municipalities of Skaun (population: 1,251), Børsa (population: 1,476), and Buvik (population: 1,267) were merged to form a new, larger municipality of Skaun.

On 1 January 2018, the municipality switched from the old Sør-Trøndelag county to the new Trøndelag county.

Name
The municipality was originally named Børsaskognen meaning "the forest of Børsa", referring to its more rural forested nature compared to the more built up area of the neighboring municipality of Børsa to the north. On 3 November 1917, a royal resolution changed the spelling of the name of the municipality to Børsaskogn, removing the definite form ending -en. On 13 October 1929, a royal resolution changed the name of the municipality to Skaun. This new name was chosen from the old Skaun farm (Skaun) since the first Skaun Church was built there. The name comes from the Old Norse word which means "to shine". This is believed to refer to the lake Laugen.

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 9 January 1987. The official blazon is "Per fess urdy azure and argent" (Delt blått og sølv ved palisadesnitt). This means the arms have a field (background) that is divided by a line with an "urdy" design. The background below the line has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The background above the line has a tincture of blue. The arms are designed to look like the four large, old standing stones found in the municipality. The four stones are most likely associated with a large grave site dating back to around 500-1000 AD. Local tradition states that these stones are where Einar Tambarskjelve moored his ships, and he owned a fort in Husaby in Skaun. The arms were designed by Einar H. Skjervold. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.

Churches
The Church of Norway has three parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Skaun. It is part of the Orkdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros.

Geography
The municipality of Skaun lies on the south side of the Gaulosen, an arm of the Trondheimsfjord. The river Mora flows north into the lake Laugen and the river Børselva flows north out of the lake Laugen up to the fjord. The lake Malmsjøen is located in the southeastern part of the municipality.

Skaun has three neighboring municipalities: Orkland to the west, Melhus to the south and east, and Trondheim to the north across the Gaulosen.

Government
Skaun Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Trøndelag District Court and the Frostating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Skaun is made up of 23 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Mayors
The mayors (ordfører) of Skaun:

 * 1890–1893: Knud Moe (H/MV)
 * 1894–1904: Anders A. Krokstad (V)
 * 1905–1910: Anders O. Rø (V)
 * 1911–1916: Anders A. Krokstad (V)
 * 1917–1922: Enok Eidsmo (V)
 * 1923–1925: Anders O. Rø (V)
 * 1926–1928: Ole L. Lien (Bp)
 * 1929–1934: Ola Mehlum (V)
 * 1935–1937: Ole L. Lien (Bp)
 * 1938–1940: Ola Mehlum (V)
 * 1940–1941: Ole L. Lien (Bp)
 * 1942–1945: Johan Belsvik (NS)
 * 1945-1945: Ola Mehlum (V)
 * 1946–1959: Petter Mellingsæter (V)
 * 1960–1967: Anders Morken (KrF)
 * 1968–1971: Jarle Rekstad (Sp)
 * 1972–1975: Bjarne Saltnes (Ap)
 * 1976–1979: Paul Opland (Sp)
 * 1980–1981: Leif Hammertrø (Sp)
 * 1982–1983: Steinar Mo (H)
 * 1984–1987: Bjarne Saltnes (Ap)
 * 1988–1995: Agnar Melby (Sp)
 * 1995-2003: Asbjørn Leraand (Ap)
 * 2003-2019: Jon P. Husby (Sp)
 * 2019–2023: Gunn Iversen Stokke (Sp)
 * 2023-present: Tove Sommerschild (Ap)

Notable people

 * Einar Tambarskjelve (ca.980–ca.1050), the Viking who according to legend used the four monumental standing stones in Børsa to moor his boats (the stones are the theme for the coat of arms)
 * Egil Aarvik (1912 in Børsa – 1990), a newspaper editor, author, and politician
 * Bjarne Saltnes (1934 in Skaun – 2016), a politician and Mayor of Skaun from 1971–1975 and 1979–1983
 * Jostein Wilmann (born 1953 in Viggja), a former professional road racing cyclist who was the best placed Norwegian in the Tour de France
 * Kari Aalvik Grimsbø (born 1985), a goalkeeper for the Norway women's national handball team

Fictional residents

 * Kristin Lavransdatter, who was the key character in a trilogy written by the Nobel Prize winner in literature, Sigrid Undset. There is a celebration of this every year the second week-end in August. It takes place at Husaby, where Sigrid Undset lived while writing the second book, Husfrue ("Houselady"). The books also have large parts of their storyline from Husaby.

title: Skaun


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Klæbu

Klæbu is a former municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 2020 when it was incorporated into the neighboring Trondheim Municipality. It was located in the southern part of the Trondheim Region, about 20 km south of the city of Trondheim. The administrative center was the village of Klæbu. The other major village in Klæbu municipality was Tanem.

Even though agriculture has traditionally been the main industry for Klæbu, the municipality most recently functioned more as a commuter town of Trondheim, where many of Klæbu's inhabitants work or attend school.

At the time of its dissolution in 2020, the 186 km2 municipality was the 337th largest by area out of the 422 municipalities in Norway. Klæbu was the 171st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 6,094. The municipality's population density was 34.8 PD/km2 and its population had increased by 9.6% since 2010.

General information

The municipality of Klæbu was established on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). On 1 January 1899, the small northwestern part of Klæbu (population: 533) was separated from Klæbu to form the new municipality of Tiller.

On 1 January 2018, the municipality switched from the old Sør-Trøndelag county to the new Trøndelag county.

On 1 January 2020, the municipality of Klæbu merged with the municipality of Trondheim to the north.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Klæbu farm (Kleppabú) since the first Klæbu Church was built there. The first element is the plural genitive case of kleppr which means "rocky hill". The last element is bú which means "rural district". The district/parish has a lot of small rocky hills.

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 8 July 1983 and it was in use until 1 January 2020 when the municipality was dissolved. The official blazon is "Argent, flaunches azure" (I sølv to buede blå flanker). This means the arms have a field (background) that has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. Each side of the arms have blue flaunches. The arms symbolize the Trangfossen waterfall in the Nidelva river, which is now the deepest canyon in Norway measuring 56 m. The river has been of great importance for the local development, for agriculture and hydroelectricity generation, hence the use of the waterfall as a typical symbol for the municipality. The waterfall is no longer visible as that part of the river became part of Bjørsjøen lake after the building of the dam at Hyttfossen. The arms were designed by Einar H. Skjervold.

Churches
The Church of Norway had one parish (sokn) within the municipality of Klæbu. It is part of the Heimdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros.

Geography
The Nidelva river, which runs through the area of Klæbu, is a large source of hydroelectric power with a total of 3 power stations within the municipality borders. The river runs north from the lake Selbusjøen. The mountain Vassfjellet is located along the western border with Melhus.

The landlocked municipality of Klæbu has three municipalities that border it: Melhus is located to the west and south, Selbu is located to the east, and Trondheim is to the north.

Media
The newspaper KlæbuPosten is published in Klæbu.

Government
All municipalities in Norway, including Klæbu, are responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, unemployment and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of elected representatives, which in turn elect a mayor. The municipality falls under the Trøndelag District Court and the Frostating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Klæbu is made up of 23 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The party breakdown of the final municipal council was as follows:

Mayors
The mayors of Klæbu:

 * 1838–1839: Hans Jørgen Darre
 * 1840–1851: Lars Larsen Forseth, Sr.
 * 1852–1855: Eskild Lysklæth
 * 1856–1863: Nicolai Ulstad
 * 1864–1867: Eskild Lysklæth
 * 1868–1879: Lars Larsen Forseth, Jr. (V)
 * 1880–1881: Sivert Thonstad (H)
 * 1882–1887: Ludvig Lysklæth
 * 1888–1892: Hannibal Hartmann
 * 1892–1893: Andreas Nideng (H)
 * 1894–1895: Sivert Thonstad (H)
 * 1896–1904: Ole Aune (V)
 * 1905–1913: Paul O. Lium (V)
 * 1914–1916: Karl Ulstad (V)
 * 1917–1919: Ole Halseth (Ap)
 * 1920–1928: Paul O. Lium (Bp)
 * 1929–1931: Ole Halseth (Ap)
 * 1932–1934: John E. Nervik (Ap)
 * 1935–1937: Bernt Forset (Bp)
 * 1938–1941: John E. Nervik (Ap)
 * 1941–1945: Torbjørn Lium (NS)
 * 1945-1945: Bernt Forset (Bp)
 * 1945-1945: John E. Nervik (Ap)
 * 1946–1957: Johan Nervik (Ap)
 * 1958–1959: Lars Bendiksvoll (Ap)
 * 1960–1963: Sigurd Gjølgali (Ap)
 * 1964–1967: Lars Bendiksvoll (Ap)
 * 1968–1979: Reidar Fosshode (Ap)
 * 1980–1983: Arild Huitfeldt (H)
 * 1984–1987: Ivar Myhre (Ap)
 * 1988–1989: Kai Nordseth (Ap)
 * 1990–1991: Sverre Tangen (Ap)
 * 1992–2007: Ivar Skei (SV)
 * 2007–2015: Jarle Martin Gundersen (Sp)
 * 2015–2019: Kirsti Tømmervold (Ap)

title: Klæbu


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Malvik

Malvik is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Trondheim Region. The administrative center of the municipality is the village of Hommelvik. Other villages in Malvik include Muruvika, Smiskaret, Sneisen, Vikhammer, and Hundhammeren.

While "Malvik" refers to the municipality as a whole, it also refers to the urban area of Malvik. The villages of Hundhammeren, Vikhammer, Saksvik (all in Malvik), and Væretrøa (in Trondheim) together form an urban area that is also called Malvik. The 2.63 km2 urban area has a population (2017) of 6,949 which gives the area a population density of 2642 PD/km2. This area is the most populous urban area in the municipality.

The 168 km2 municipality is the 313th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Malvik is the 85th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 14,662 The municipality's population density is 90.6 PD/km2 and its population has increased by 12.1% over the previous 10-year period.

General information
The municipality of Malvik was established in 1891 when it was separated from the large municipality of Strinda. On 1 January 1914, a small area of the neighboring municipality of Lånke (population: 38) was transferred to Malvik. On 1 July 1953, a small area of Malvik (population: 37) was transferred to the neighboring municipality of Strinda. On 1 January 2018, the municipality switched from the old Sør-Trøndelag county to the new Trøndelag county.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Malvik farm (Manvík) since the first Malvik Church was built there. The first element is mǫn (stem form man-) which means "mane", referring to a mountain ridge behind the farm. (Mana which means "the mane" is a common name for many mountains in Norway, where the form of the mountain is compared with the mane of a horse.) The last element is vík which means "inlet".

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 23 July 1982. The official blazon is "Or, a grouse close sable" (I gull en svart tiur). This means the arms have a field (background) that has a tincture of Or which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. The charge is a western capercaillie, a local type of grouse and one of the largest of the local forest birds in the area. The design was chosen to symbolize the rich nature in the area. The arms were designed by Stein Davidsen after an idea by Lorentz Svingen.

Churches
The Church of Norway has two parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Malvik. It is part of the Stjørdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros.

Geography
Malvik is just to the east of the city of Trondheim, one of Norway's largest cities. Many people in Malvik have their place of employment in Trondheim, though there is some local industry in Malvik itself.

The northern part of Malvik lies along the Trondheimsfjord, and it is along this coastal section that the vast majority of the population lives, and where schools, and places of employment are located. The municipal center is Hommelvik, situated about 25 km east of Trondheim, and it has long been the main population area in Malvik. In the last few decades the area around Vikhammer and Hundhammeren (about 10 km to the west) has grown larger than Hommelvik. The area has many new housing areas, businesses, and shopping. Collectively, the new area is referred to as the Malvik urban area.

The southern part of the municipality consists mostly of farming and forest areas, with many attractive areas for hiking and cross-country skiing. The Homla river runs north to the Trondheimsfjord. The lake Jonsvatnet lies on the western border of the municipality.

In the southeastern part of Malvik there is the Jøsås exclaves. Three farmsteads, Øvre Jøsås, Store Jøsås, and Lille Jøsås belonging to Malvik municipality are exclaved inside Stjørdal municipality in two different exclaves. Øvre Jøsås and Store Jøsås are located in one exclave (the western one) while Lille Jøsås is making another exclave (the eastern one). The exclaves only have road access to Malvik municipality even though they are inside Stjørdal's borders. The distance between the two exclaves is very small, only about 8 m at the nearest.

Government
Malvik Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Trøndelag District Court and the Frostating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Malvik is made up of 31 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Mayors
The mayors (ordfører) of Malvik:

 * 1891-1891: Lauritz Nicolai Jenssen (H)
 * 1891–1895: Christofer Wellén (H)
 * 1896–1897: Jacob de Rytter Kielland (H)
 * 1898–1901: Sivert Kindseth (V)
 * 1902–1904: Ole Brobak (LL)
 * 1905–1910: Sivert Kindseth (Sm)
 * 1911–1913: Haagen Løvaas (Ap)
 * 1914–1916: Peter Haugan (LL)
 * 1917–1919: Sivert Kindseth (LL)
 * 1920–1922: Johan Nygaardsvold (Ap)
 * 1923–1925: Reidar Jenssen (LL)
 * 1926–1931: Olaf Svingen (Ap)
 * 1932–1940: Edvard Muruvik (Ap)
 * 1941–1945: Arnt Løvseth (NS)
 * 1945-1945: Olaf Svingen (Ap)
 * 1946–1955: Knut Kallset (Ap)
 * 1956–1963: Leif Øwre (Ap)
 * 1964–1971: Egil O. Svingen (Ap)
 * 1972–1975: Olaf Bye (Ap)
 * 1976–1979: Kristian Bjerkan (Ap)
 * 1980–1983: Iver Høiby (Ap)
 * 1984–2003: Asbjørn Nøstmo (Ap)
 * 2003–2007: Gudmund Beitland (H)
 * 2007–2015: Terje Granmo (Ap)
 * 2015–2019: Ingrid Aune (Ap)
 * 2019-2019: Bernt-Ole Ravlum (Ap)
 * 2019–2023: Trond Hoseth (Ap)
 * 2023-present: Eugen Gravningen Sørmo (H)

Transportation
To the east of Malvik is the municipality of Stjørdal, which includes Trondheim Airport, Værnes. The airport has frequent connections to many locations in Norway, and a growing range of direct air links abroad (currently including London, Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Stockholm, and Prague). The proximity of this airport means that Malvik, though a small community in a relatively isolated location, has rather good transport connections very close at hand. The European route E6 highway runs through Malvik and it has several tunnels, the longest of which is the Hell Tunnel.

The Nordland Line runs from Trondheim to Bodø (further north in Norway) and the Meråker Line runs east to Sweden. The railroad winds its way along the coast of the Trondheimsfjord in Malvik, and is a very scenic and pleasant journey. Malvik has two railway stations: Vikhammer Station and Hommelvik Station. The Gevingåsen Tunnel is being built to shorten the rail trip from Trondheim to Stjørdal. A side effect of this is that the scenic attractiveness of the trip will be somewhat reduced, as part of the section along the fjord will no longer form part of the trip. The railway junction where the line splits for Bodø or Sweden is just to the east of Malvik, at a small settlement called Hell. The station is well known to railway enthusiasts from its odd name (for English language speakers). It is indeed possible, in Malvik, to purchase "a single ticket to Hell" or a return "to Hell and back".

Notable people

 * Werner Hosewinckel Christie (1877 in Hommelvik – 1927), a Norwegian agricultural researcher
 * Johan Nygaardsvold (1879 in Hommelvik – 1952), the Prime Minister of Norway from 1935 to 1945
 * Rut Tellefsen (born 1930 in Malvik), a Norwegian actress
 * Torgeir Moan (born 1944 in Malvik), a Norwegian engineer and professor of marine technology
 * Mads Eriksen (born 1977 in Malvik), a Norwegian cartoonist

Sport

 * Thomas Byberg (1916 in Hommelvik – 1998), a speed skater and silver medallist at the 1948 Winter Olympics
 * Arne Herjuaune (1945 in Malvik – 2017), a speed skater who competed at the 1968 Winter Olympics
 * Kristine Nøstmo (born 1993 in Malvik), a football goalkeeper with 165 caps with Rosenborg BK Kvinner
 * Adrian Aalberg (born in 1992) a handball player for Kolstad Håndball.

title: Malvik


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Selbu

Selbu is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Mebonden. Other villages in Selbu include Flora, Fossan, Hyttbakken, Innbygda, Selbustrand, Trøa, Tømra, and Vikvarvet.

The 1235 km2 municipality is the 86th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Selbu is the 199th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 4,144. The municipality's population density is 3.6 PD/km2 and its population has increased by 2.8% over the previous 10-year period.

General information
The municipality (originally the parish) of Selbu was established on 1 January 1838 (see Formannskapsdistrikt law). On 1 January 1901, the eastern part of the municipality was separated to form the new municipality of Tydal. This left Selbu with 4,607 inhabitants. The borders of Selbu have not changed since that date.

On 1 January 2018, the municipality switched from the old Sør-Trøndelag county to the new Trøndelag county.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named "Selbu" (Selabú) after a nearby lake since the first Selbu Church was built near its southeastern shore. The first element is the genitive case of the old name of the lake Selbusjøen (Seli). The old name of the lake is probably derived from the word seli which means "harness" since the lake is long and narrow. The last element is bú which means "rural district".

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 31 May 1991. The official blazon is "Argent, 24 lozenges sable in three rosettes two over one" (I sølv 24 svarte spissruter samlet i tre rosetter, 2-1). This means the arms have a field (background) has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The charge is a three selburoses made out of 8 rhombus shapes each. The selburose design is a typical pattern used in the local lusekofte (traditional Norwegian sweaters) and other woollen garments. Home knitting has been a long tradition in the municipality. The arms were designed by John Digernes. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.

Churches
The Church of Norway has one parish (sokn) within the municipality of Selbu. It is part of the Stjørdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros.

Economy
Traditionally, Selbu has been an agricultural and forest managing community. The area is well known for its special knitting techniques. The last decades have led to efforts in business such as high technology, electronics, and mechanics. The newspaper Selbyggen has been published in Selbu since 1889.

Government
Selbu Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Trøndelag District Court and the Frostating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Selbu is made up of 25 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Mayors
The mayors (ordfører) of Selbu:

 * 1838–1845: Hans E. Sandborg
 * 1845–1847: Ole I. Sesseng
 * 1848–1855: Hans Henrik Emil Tybring
 * 1856–1873: Ingebrigt Norbye
 * 1873-1873: Agathon Bartholomæus Hansteen
 * 1874–1893: Ingebrigt Flønæs (H)
 * 1894–1898: John Klegseth (V)
 * 1899–1916: Ole O. Henmo (V)
 * 1917–1922: Peder Johannes Norbye (V)
 * 1923–1925: Ole H. Kjøsnes (Ap)
 * 1926–1928: Arnt Kvello (Bp)
 * 1929–1940: Ole H. Kjøsnes (Ap)
 * 1941-1941: P.P. Evjen (Bp)
 * 1941–1945: Martin Hofsli (NS)
 * 1945–1963: Johan Berge (Ap)
 * 1964–1975: Olav N. Overvik (Ap)
 * 1976–1983: Halvard Kulseth (Sp)
 * 1984–1987: Albert Uglem (Ap)
 * 1988–1995: Helga Renå (Ap)
 * 1995–1999: Torbjørn Olsen (Ap)
 * 1999–2003: Kjell Mebust (KrF)
 * 2003–2007: Karin Galaaen (Sp)
 * 2007–2015: Inga Balstad (Ap)
 * 2015–present: Ole Morten Balstad (Ap)

Geography
Selbu borders nine municipalities. The municipalities of Trondheim, Malvik, and Stjørdal are to the north; Meråker and Tydal are to the east; Tydal, Holtålen, and Midtre Gauldal are to the south; and Melhus and Klæbu are to the west.

The largest lake in Selbu is Selbusjøen with an area of about 60 km2. It is located 160 m above sea level. Another lake in the municipality is Sørungen. The highest mountain in Selbu is the 1441 m tall mountain Fongen, located inside Skarvan and Roltdalen National Park. The Nea River and Rotla River both flow through the municipality. The municipality covers a total of 1254 km2 which consists of:

Climate
Located inland in the Trøndelag region at relatively low altitude, Selbu has a humid continental climate (Dfb), but with a relatively mild winter for this climate type, as the sea is not that far away. The all-time low -30 °C was recorded Februar 2010 and January record low is also from 2010, all the other record lows are from 1983 or older. The all-time high 33.3 °C is from June 2020. Recent decades have tended to be warmer than earlier decades; 8 of the 12 record highs are from after 2010.

Transportation
The main road through Selbu is Norwegian County Road 705 that runs between Stjørdal, Selbu, and Tydal. Selbu is located near important destinations:

Notable people

 * Marit Guldsetbrua Emstad (born 1841 in Selbu), an artist who popularized the Selburose knitting design in 1857 when she knitted three pairs of mittens with an eight-petalled rose design
 * Belle Gunness (1859 in Selbu – ca.1908), a Norwegian-American serial killer who was active in Illinois and Indiana between 1884 and 1908; he was thought to have killed at least fourteen people
 * Peder Morset (1887 in Selbu – 1943), a teacher and Norwegian resistance member
 * Per Almaas (1898 in Selbu – 1991), a teacher and politician and Mayor of Strinda before and after WWII
 * Inga Balstad (born 1952 in Selbu), a Norwegian politician who was Mayor of Selbu in 2007

Sport

 * Hans Olav Sørensen (born 1942 in Selbu), a Norwegian former ski jumper who competed at the 1964 Winter Olympics
 * Brit Stav (born 1944 in Selbu), a Norwegian archer who competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics
 * Malin Aune (born 1995 in Selbu), a handball player for the Norway women's national handball team

title: Selbu


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Tydal

Tydal is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Ås. Other villages include Østby, Gressli, Aunet, and Stugudalen. There is a school and a kindergarten in Tydal.

The inhabitants of Tydal earn a living in farming, forestry, energy production, and tourism. During Easter, the number of people in Tydal increases by up to 5,000 people. Many people from Trondheim celebrate their holidays in the 1,400 cabins located throughout the municipality of Tydal.

The 1329 km2 municipality is the 75th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Tydal is the 346th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 753. The municipality's population density is 0.6 PD/km2 and its population has decreased by 12.9% over the previous 10-year period.

General information
The municipality of Tydal was established on 1 January 1901 when it was separated from the large municipality of Selbu. The initial population of Tydal was 881. The municipal borders have not changed since that time. On 1 January 2018, the municipality switched from the old Sør-Trøndelag county to the newly created Trøndelag county.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the Tydalen valley (Þýjardalr) since the first Tydal Church was built there. The first element is which is the old name for the Tya River which runs through the valley. The meaning of the river name is unknown, but it could mean "bondmaid". The last element is which means "valley" or "dale". Historically, the name of the municipality was spelled Thidalen or Tydalen. On 3 November 1917, a royal resolution changed the spelling of the name of the municipality to Tydal, removing the definite form ending -en.

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 7 February 1997. The official blazon is "Gules, three St. Anthony's crosses in bend Or" (I rødt tre gull Antonius-kors i skrå rekke). This means the arms have a red field (background) and the charge is three St. Anthony's crosses lined up diagonally. The cross design has a tincture of Or which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. This design was chosen to represent a power line and the letter T, representing the name of the municipality and the importance of hydroelectric power generation in Tydal. The arms were designed by Einar Skjervold. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.

Churches
The Church of Norway has one parish (sokn) within the municipality of Tydal. It is part of the Stjørdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros.

Geography
Tydal covers an area of 1330 km2. The rivers Tya River and Nea River (together forming the Nea-Nidelvvassdraget watershed) flow through Tydal on their way towards Trondheimsfjorden. Tydal is situated about 260 m above sea level, and the highest mountain is 1762 m tall.

In the southwest, the lake Nesjøen lies just west of the Sylan mountain range with the mountain Storsylen. In the north, the Skarvan and Roltdalen National Park is home to the mountain Fongen.

Government
Tydal Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Trøndelag District Court and the Frostating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Tydal is made up of 13 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Mayors
The mayors (ordfører) of Tydal:

 * 1901–1907: Nils P. Svelmo (LL)
 * 1908–1919: Olaus Aune (LL)
 * 1920–1931: Jon Næsvold (V)
 * 1932–1934: Bardo Kristian Rolseth (V)
 * 1935–1937: Iver Unsgård (Ap)
 * 1938–1940: Mikal L. Uglem (Ap)
 * 1946–1947: Olav Svelmoe (Ap)
 * 1948–1958: Iver Unsgård (Ap)
 * 1959–1967: Ola Gullbrekken (Ap)
 * 1967-1967: Olaus Østby (Ap)
 * 1968-1968: Hilmar Østby (Ap)
 * 1968–1971: Joralf Østby (Ap)
 * 1972–1987: Peder Kristian Aune (Ap)
 * 1988–1999: Erling Lyngen (LL)
 * 1999–2007: Rolf Almåsbakk (Ap)
 * 2007-2007: Anne-Karin Brandsfjell (Ap)
 * 2007-2011: Kari Slungård (V)
 * 2011-2015: John Paulsby (V)
 * 2015-2019: Ole Bjarne Østby (Sp)
 * 2019–present: Jens Arne Kvello (Sp)

Transportation
Tydal is halfway between the town of Røros and the city of Trondheim, with Norwegian national road 705 as the most important road through Tydal. Trondheim Airport, Værnes is one hour of driving away. There are daily bus connections to Trondheim, Værnes as well as to Røros.

Notable people

 * Iver Johan Unsgård (1903 in Tydal – 1993), a Norwegian politician and Mayor of Tydal three times between 1945-1958

title: Tydal


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Steinkjer

Steinkjer is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Innherad region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Steinkjer which is located on the inner part of the Trondheimsfjord. The town is also the administrative centre for Trøndelag county. Other populated areas in Steinkjer include the villages of Ogndal, Hyllbrua, Gaulstad, Beitstad, Bartnes, Vellamelen, Stod, Binde, Sunnan, Byafossen, Følling, Kvam, Lerkehaug, Mære, Sparbu, Vassaunet, Vekre, Malm, Follafoss, Sela, and Verrastranda.

The 2122 km2 municipality is the 31st largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Steinkjer is the 53rd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 23,955. The municipality's population density is 12.4 PD/km2 and its population has decreased by 1.1% over the previous 10-year period.

General information

The village of Steinkjer in the municipality of Stod was declared a kjøpstad (town) in 1857, and then on 23 January 1858 it was separated from Stod to form a municipality of its own. The initial population of Steinkjer was 1,150.

Over time, as the town grew, land was annexed from the neighboring municipalities. It started on 1 January 1902 when an unpopulated area from the neighboring Ogndal municipality was taken for future growth of Steinkjer. Then in 1941, an area (population: 57) was taken from Ogndal to be added to Steinkjer. Again, in 1948, an area (population: 78) was transferred from Ogndal and another area (population: 70) was transferred from Egge municipality.

During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964, a large merger took place: the neighboring municipalities of Beitstad (population: 2,563), Egge (population: 3,476), Kvam (population: 1,245), Ogndal (population: 2,678), Sparbu (population: 4,027), and Stod (population: 1,268) were all merged with the town of Steinkjer (population: 4,325) to form the new municipality of Steinkjer.

On 1 January 2018, the municipality joined the rest of the old Nord-Trøndelag county to the newly formed Trøndelag county.

On 1 January 2020, the municipality of Steinkjer and the neighboring municipality of Verran merged to form a new, larger municipality of Steinkjer.

Toponymy
The municipality (originally the town) is named after the old Steinkjer farm (Steinker) since the town was built on the site of the old farm. The first element is (m) which means "stone" or "rock". The last element is (n) which means a "barrier made for catching fish" or "container".

Coat of arms
The current coat of arms was approved in October 2018 for use starting on 1 January 2020 after the merger of Steinkjer and Verran municipalities (these arms were previously the arms for Verran from 1987 until 2019). The official blazon is "Azure, a boat with raised square sail and topsail argent" (I blått en sølv båt med råseil og toppseil). This means the arms have a blue field (background) and the charge is a Veranjekt (boat) with a raised square sail and topsail. The boat has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The design was chosen to symbolize the historical importance of boating and boatbuilding for the area. The Veranjekt (literally translated as "a yacht from Verran") is a type of boat has been built in Verran for centuries. The arms were designed by Rolf Tidemann. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.

The previous coat of arms was originally granted on 8 March 1957 to the town of Steinkjer. Then on 14 March 1964, they were re-granted to the newly enlarged Steinkjer Municipality. They were in use until 1 January 2020 when the municipality was enlarged again and a new coat of arms was put into use. The official blazon was "Azure, a mullet of six argent" (På blå bunn en sølv stjerne med seks odder). This means the arms had a blue field (background) and the charge was a six-pointed star. The star had a tincture of argent which meant it was commonly colored white, but if it was made out of metal, then silver was used. The original meaning of the star was that six main roads crossed in the town of Steinkjer. After the municipal reorganization in 1964, the arms were re-granted, but the meaning was slightly changed. The town of Steinkjer now formed the centre of the municipality and the points were directed to the six other districts (former municipalities) in the new, large Steinkjer Municipality. The six districts were Beitstad, Egge, Kvam, Ogndal, Sparbu, and Stod. The arms were designed by Hallvard Trætteberg. The municipal flag had the same design as the coat of arms.

Churches
The Church of Norway has nine parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Steinkjer. It is part of the Nord-Innherad prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros.

History
The Steinkjer area has been populated since the Stone Age, as shown by the Bølareinen rock carving, which depicts an almost life-sized reindeer and a bear. There are other rock carvings in the area as well, as in Bardal rock carvings, the oldest up to 6,000 years old.

Mære was a Norse religious place with sacrifices and seasonal gatherings (Hov) before Christianity came to Norway.

Steinkjer has survived two major disasters in modern history. The first was a town-wide fire in the year 1900, which burned down much of the southern parts of the town. The second disaster happened on 21 and 22 April 1940, when the town was struck by Luftwaffe bombers during the Norwegian Campaign. Most of the town was destroyed, but no people died.

The attack destroyed a large part of Steinkjer, and many priceless historical buildings, such as the old, cruciform Steinkjer Church were lost. The town was, however, quickly rebuilt after 1945 with much aid from the United States. Much of the architecture of modern Steinkjer originates from the 1950s and 1960s with architecture inspired by functionalism rather than the aestheticism of the earlier Art Nouveau style to be seen in such cities as Trondheim and Ålesund. A few historical buildings – for example, the railway station and the town's college – survived the bombing. These are buildings based on the neoclassical architectural style known as Jugendstil. Good examples are the aforementioned railway station (jernbanestasjonen) and the administration building of Nord-Trøndelag University College (Høgskolen i Nord-Trøndelag).

Government
Steinkjer Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Trøndelag District Court and the Frostating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Steinkjer is made up of 39 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Mayors
The mayors (ordfører) of Steinkjer:

 * 1857–1860: Johan Fredrik Jenssen
 * 1861–1863: Sivert Malmo
 * 1864–1867: Adolf Volqvartz Schrøder
 * 1868–1874: Georg Christian Andersen
 * 1875–1877: Nils Jacob Laache
 * 1878–1879: Johan Wilhelm Klüver
 * 1880–1881: Nicolay Martens
 * 1882–1882: Claus Urbye
 * 1883–1885: Nicolay Martens (V)
 * 1886-1886: Johannes Rognaas (V)
 * 1887–1890: Nicolay Martens (V/MV)
 * 1891–1893: Mikael Andresen Elstad (V)
 * 1894–1895: Eigil Steen (H)
 * 1896–1897: Ole H. Grindberg (H)
 * 1898–1901: Eigil Steen (H)
 * 1902–1903: Andreas S. Oksvold (V)
 * 1904-1904: Lars Solem (H)
 * 1905-1905: Mikael Andresen Elstad (MV)
 * 1906-1906: Tøger Hagemann (V)
 * 1907-1907: Carl Julius Norstrøm
 * 1908-1908: Lars Bach (V)
 * 1909–1913: Asmund Schiefloe (V)
 * 1914–1916: Amund Wendelbo (V)
 * 1917-1917: Asmund Schiefloe (V)
 * 1918-1918: Kristian Bragstad (H)
 * 1919-1920: Amund Wendelbo (V)
 * 1920-1921: Kristian Hegstad (V)
 * 1921–1924: Rolf Hanssen (H)
 * 1925–1927: Gustav R. Strugstad (V)
 * 1928–1930: Adolf Ribsskog (V)
 * 1931–1936: Andreas Strand (V)
 * 1937–1939: Olav Hougen (V)
 * 1939–1941: Arne Gausen (V)
 * 1942–1945: Christian Bruseth (NS)
 * 1945-1945: Arne Gausen (V)
 * 1946–1951: Alf Sjursen (Ap)
 * 1952–1963: Åmunn Solberg (Ap)
 * 1964–1967: Karl Dahl (Ap)
 * 1968–1973: Knut Aas (Sp)
 * 1974–1981: Bård Rannem (Sp)
 * 1982–1989: Erik Bartnes (Sp)
 * 1990–1991: Erling Aune (Ap)
 * 1992–1999: Kristian Wibe (Sp)|date=2023-09-12
 * 1999-2007: Per Sverre Rannem (Ap)
 * 2007-2019: Bjørn Arild Gram (Sp)
 * 2019–2023: Anne Berit Lein (Sp)
 * 2023-present: Gunnar Thorsen (Ap)

Geography
Steinkjer is located at the head of Beitstadfjorden, the northern branch of the Trondheimsfjord system. To the west, the municipality borders Åfjord and Namsos. To the east is Sweden, 60 km from Steinkjer. To the north are the Snåsa and Overhalla municipalities, and to the south are the Indre Fosen, Inderøy and Verdal municipalities.

Situated 60 km inland from the coast, Steinkjer is actually still connected to the Atlantic ocean through the narrow strait of Skarnsundet, some 25 km south of Steinkjer. The longest cable-stayed bridge in Norway, Skarnsund Bridge, crosses the Skarnsund (total length of 1010 m). Large ships pass through Skarnsundet and this allows tourists to visit this town by ship. Each year ferries from Hurtigruten make trips to the cruise port of Steinkjer, more than 130 km of travel through the fjord system. The landscape is dotted with wavy hills and dense spruce forests, as well as agricultural fields in the lowland areas. There are many lakes in this region including: Gilten, Fossemvatnet, Leksdalsvatnet, Mokkavatnet, Snåsavatnet, and the group of lakes called Bangsjøene.

Natural resources
Steinkjer is one of Norway's larger urban municipalities measured by total area. Approximately half the population lives near the town center, while the rest live in rural areas. However, much of the town is today in the process of urbanization, with the building of several apartment blocks in or within the immediate vicinity of the town. Currently, about 500 apartments are being finished.

Steinkjer is one of the northernmost areas with rich agriculture, allowing large production of grain. It is obvious from the landscape that Steinkjer is a typical agricultural municipality. In addition, there are large forest resources in the immediate area. The tallest buildings in Steinkjer are two 40 m tall grain silos, visible several kilometres south of Steinkjer and today mark the skyline, especially when viewed from the south. Kirknesvaag Sag & Høvleri is a large wood mill and industry park producing wood planks and treehouse module components. Almost half of the inner town area consists of the large industrial park for wood products. Most of the ship traffic is related to transportation of the vast forest resources present in Nord-Trøndelag such as timber and cellulose. An important tree species is Norway Spruce.

Climate
Steinkjer has a Humid continental climate, but with some oceanic features, such as relatively mild winters, and a winter month (December) being the wettest. Steinkjer has a relatively sheltered location, and is often the warmest town in summer in Trøndelag. In July 2014, the weather station at Mære in Steinkjer recorded monthly mean temperature 20 °C and average daily high 27.2 °C, the warmest month recorded in Trøndelag. Further north from Steinkjer, geographical distances between cities grow. The climate of Steinkjer marks a border with the colder conditions typical of inland areas further north. The all-time high 32.9 °C was recorded 16 July 2018, and the record low -25.4 °C on 6 January 2010.

Birdlife
Steinkjer, with its varied habitats, provides the local birdlife with some of the best localities within the region. One of these is Lake Lømsen with its breeding population of Slavonian grebe. The surrounding woodlands and farmlands hold a host of the commoner Scandinavian species, some, like fieldfare and redwing, can be found in good numbers.

Forests and other habitats
The municipality of Steinkjer includes lowland forests, alpine forests, as well as areas above the treeline. A part of Blåfjella-Skjækerfjella National Park is located in the municipality. Byahalla, the most northerly deciduous temperate forest (hemiboreal) location in the world, with species such as wych elm, hazel, hepatica, hedge woundwort, and garlic mustard, is located in Steinkjer, probably due to the sheltered south facing location and the good soil resulting from marine deposits. Some moist locations with spruce forests are classified as boreal rainforests and are part of the Scandinavian coastal conifer forests. The shallow river estuaries in the inner part of the Trondheimsfjord have some of the richest bird life in Norway; thousands of migratory birds feed here. Part of Snåsavatnet, the 6th largest lake in Norway, is located in the municipality, and the river from the lake meets the fjord in the town of Steinkjer.

Transportation
Steinkjer lies about 120 km by road north of the city of Trondheim along the European route E6 highway. The Sneppen Bridge is part of the E6 in the town of Steinkjer, crossing Steinkjerelva river. Norwegian County Road 17 begins in Steinkjer and heads north. This highway is often referred to as the Coastal highway, whereas the E6 runs further inland to the north.

Steinkjer is the home of the oldest network arch bridge in the world opened to traffic 1964. The bridge is 94 m long and takes the Nedre Mølleveg over Steinkjerelva river.

The municipality is situated along the Nordland Line from Trondheim, and is served by Steinkjer Station and Sparbu Station.

Culture
Steinkjer also has a rich culture and hosts one of the most prominent music cultures in central Norway. Steinkjer is also labeled "Steinkjer Punkrock town" by some of its citizens. The music festival Steinkjerfestivalen was established in 2006. Steinkjermartnan, held each year in August, is a happening where trading booths are staged in the town centre's streets and a traditional trade festival with concerts are held.

Steinkjer has the standard cultural facilities like a cinema, town library, culture house (in which many cultural events and concerts are held), and a modern swimming pool called Dampsaga Bad. The swimming pool has a 25 m long training pool plus heating pools, sauna, two learning pools for kids, and a large swim tube.

Education
Steinkjer houses the administration and Faculty of Society, Commerce, and Nature of Nord-Trøndelag University College. Important studies include the School of Forestry (Skogskolen). Historically, Steinkjer has produced a higher than average amount of university students. Only 25% of the students return to Steinkjer. Steinkjer is therefore a municipality that produces many people with higher education students. In Norwegian, municipalities such as Steinkjer that produce many people with higher education who leave the municipality are known as oppvekstkommuner (lit. 'upbringing municipalities').

Public Service

 * Peder Hersleb (1689 in Steinkjer – 1757), a Norwegian-Danish clergyman and Bishop of Oslo and Bishop of Zealand
 * Fredrikke Marie Qvam (1843–193), a humanitarian leader, feminist, liberal politician, and wife of Prime Minister Ole Anton Qvam; lived in the manor Helge-By-Rein in Steinkjer from 1849
 * Ole Olsen Five (1846 in Stod – 1930), a Norwegian teacher and politician
 * Otto Sverdrup (1854–1930), a sailor and Arctic explorer who moved to Steinkjer in 1877
 * Ivar Asbjørn Følling (1888 at Kvam – 1973), a physician and biochemist who wrote first scientific description of Følling's disease Phenylketonuria
 * Gustav Aarestrup (1916 in Steinkjer – 2005), a jurist, businessperson, and CEO of Storebrand
 * Erling Selvig (born 1931 in Egge), a Norwegian legal scholar and judge
 * I. H. Monrad Aas (born 1948 in Steinkjer), a public health researcher and odontologist
 * Olaug Svarva (born 1957 in Steinkjer), a financial analyst and former CEO of the Government Pension Fund – Norway
 * Bjørn Arild Gram (born 1972 in Steinkjer), a Norwegian politician and Mayor of Steinkjer in 2007

The Arts

 * Emil Knudsen (1872 in Steinkjer – 1956), a psychic
 * Jakob Weidemann (1923 in Steinkjer – 2001), an Abstract expressionism artist
 * John Pål Inderberg (born 1950 in Steinkjer), a versatile jazz saxophonist
 * Silje Nergaard (born 1966 in Steinkjer), a Norwegian jazz vocalist and songwriter
 * Øyvind Brandtsegg (born 1971 in Steinkjer), a jazz musician who plays percussion and electronica
 * Stian Westerhus (born 1979 in Jådåren), a Norwegian experimental style guitarist
 * Ida Jenshus (born 1987 in Steinkjer), a country music singer
 * Joakim With Steen (born 1989), stage name Jowst, a music producer and songwriter, brought up in Steinkjer
 * Victor Sotberg (born 1991), a YouTuber, video producer, TV-host. Participated in 'Skal vi danse' in 2020, and the Norwegian version of 'The Masked Singer' in 2021. Victor was brought up in Egge, Steinkjer.

Sports

 * Kristian Fjerdingen (1884 in Steinkjer – 1975), a gymnast and team gold medallist at the 1906 Summer Olympics
 * Carl Klæth (1887 in Steinkjer – 1966) & John Skrataas (1890 in Egge – 1961), gymnasts who were team silver medallists at the 1908 Summer Olympics
 * Gunnar Dybwad (1928 in Steinkjer – 2012), a footballer with 27 caps for Norway
 * Terje Langli (born 1965 in Steinkjer), a cross-country skier, bronze and gold team medallist at the 1992 Winter Olympics, as well as world champion
 * Anders Bardal (born 1982 in Steinkjer), a ski jumper who was twice bronze medallist in the 2010 and 2014 Winter Olympics, as well as 2013 World Champion
 * Rune Ertsås (born 1987 in Steinkjer), a retired footballer with over 270 club caps
 * Bendik Bye (born 1990 in Steinkjer), a Norwegian footballer with over 340 club caps

title: Steinkjer