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1890 in music

Events in the year 1890 in music.

Specific locations

 * 1890 in Norwegian music

Events

 * January 15 – Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's The Sleeping Beauty (ballet) premieres at the Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg.
 * January–June period – George W. Johnson becomes the first African American to record phonograph cylinders, in New York.
 * June 21 – Richard Strauss conducts the premiere of his symphonic poem Death and Transfiguration at the Eisenach Festival.
 * September 3 – Carl Nielsen makes the first entry in his diary.
 * September 9 – Edward Elgar's concert overture Froissart is premiered at the Three Choirs Festival in Worcester.
 * December 6 – 7 – First full performance of Hector Berlioz's opera Les Troyens takes place at Karlsruhe, 21 years after the composer's death.
 * Charles-Marie Widor succeeds César Franck as organ professor at the Paris Conservatoire.
 * The New York Phonograph Company opens the first recording studio.

Published popular music

 * "The Commodore Song"
 * "I was Dreaming" – August Juncker
 * "Little Pig Went To Market" by J. Cheever Goodwin & Gustave Kerker
 * "Maggie Murphy's Home" w. Edward Harrigan m. David Braham
 * "Passing By" w. Robert Herrick m. Edward C. Purcell
 * "Star of the East" w. George Cooper m. Amanda Kennedy
 * "Throw Him Down McCloskey" w.m. John W. Kelly
 * "You'll Miss Lots of Fun When You're Married" by John Philip Sousa & Edward M. Taber

Recorded popular music

 * "Anvil Chorus" – John York AtLee
 * "Banjo Duet" – Bohee Minstrels
 * The Charge of the Light Brigade (bugle charge) – Trumpeter Martin Landfried
 * "Down upon the Suwannee River" – Professor Baton's Brass and String Military Band
 * "Everybody's Darling" – Duffy and Imgrund's Fifth Regiment Band
 * "La Media Noche" – United States Marine Band
 * "The Mocking Bird" – John York AtLee and Fred Gaisberg
 * "Semper Fidelis" – United States Marine Band
 * "The Song That Reached My Heart" – Duffy & Imgrund's Fifth Regiment Band
 * "Third verse of Mary & John, The Lover's Quarrel" – Will White
 * "The Thunderer" – United States Marine Band
 * "The Washington Post" – United States Marine Band

Classical music

 * Ferruccio Busoni – Violin Sonata No. 1, Opus 29
 * Ernest Chausson – Chansons de Shakespeare
 * Antonín Dvořák –
 * Requiem
 * Symphony No. 8
 * Edward Elgar – Froissart
 * Alexander Glazunov – Symphony No. 3, Opus 33
 * Armas Järnefelt – Ouverture Lyrique
 * Carl Nielsen – String Quartet No. 2 in F minor
 * Hans Pfitzner – Sonata in F-sharp minor for cello and piano
 * Alexander Scriabin – Romance for Horn and Piano
 * Jean Sibelius – Piano Quintet in G minor
 * Johann Strauss II – Rathausball-Tänze
 * Sergei Taneyev – String Quartet No. 1 Opus 4
 * William Robert Knox – Gladys Gavotte

Opera

 * Cavalleria Rusticana by Pietro Mascagni
 * Prince Igor begun by Alexander Borodin, completed by Alexander Glazunov and Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
 * Queen of Spades by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
 * Thorgrim by Frederic H. Cowen with libretto by Joseph Bennett

Musical theater

 * The Gondoliers    Broadway production
 * Love And Law    Broadway production
 * Robin Hood    Chicago production
 * The Sentry    London production
 * Reilly And The 400 Broadway production

Births

 * February 25 – Myra Hess, pianist (d. 1965)
 * February 27 – Freddie Keppard, jazz cornetist (d. 1933)
 * March 12 – Evert Taube, writer, artist, composer and singer (d. 1976)
 * March 17 – Harold Morris, pianist and composer (d. 1964)
 * March 20
 * Beniamino Gigli, operatic tenor (d. 1957)
 * Lauritz Melchior, operatic tenor (d. 1973)
 * March 28 – Paul Whiteman, bandleader (d. 1967)
 * April 17 – Gussie Mueller, jazz clarinetist (d. 1965)
 * May 21 – Harry Tierney, songwriter, composer of "Irene" and "Rio Rita" (d. 1965)
 * June 6 – Ted Lewis, bandleader (d. 1971)
 * June 26 – Jeanne Eagels, Broadway star (d. 1929)
 * July 18 – Victor Dolidze, Soviet-Georgian composer (d. 1933)
 * August 12 – Lillian Evanti, operatic soprano (d. 1967)
 * August 15 – Jacques Ibert, composer (d. 1962)
 * August 28 – Ivor Gurney, poet and composer (d. 1937)
 * September 9 – Francis Bousquet, French composer of classical music (d. 1942)
 * September 15 – Frank Martin, composer (d. 1974)
 * September 26 – Papanasam Sivan, Carnatic music composer (d. 1973)
 * October 1 – Stanley Holloway, English actor and singer (d. 1982)
 * October 8 – Samuel Hoffenstein, screenwriter and composer (d. 1947)
 * October 13 – Gösta Nystroem, composer (d. 1966)
 * October 20 – Jelly Roll Morton, American pianist, bandleader and composer (d. 1941)
 * November 10 – Mischa Bakaleinikoff, musical director (d. 1960)
 * December 8 – Bohuslav Martinů, classical composer (d. 1959)

Deaths

 * January 8 – Giorgio Ronconi, operatic baritone (b. 1810)
 * January 16 – Arthur Byron, operatic tenor (b. 1846)
 * January 17 – Salomon Sulzer, cantor and composer (b. 1804)
 * January 20 – Franz Lachner, conductor and composer (b. 1803)
 * February 14 – Wilhelm Fitzenhagen, cellist and music teacher (b. 1848)
 * March 13 – Henry Wylde, conductor, composer, music teacher and critic (b. 1822)
 * April 16 – John Barnett, composer and music writer (b. 1802)
 * May 6 – Hubert Léonard, violinist (b. 1819)
 * May 28 – Viktor Nessler, composer (b. 1841)
 * June 3 – Oskar Kolberg, folklorist and composer (b. 1814)
 * June 30 – Samuel Parkman Tuckerman, composer (b. 1819)
 * July 22 – Caterina Canzi, opera singer (b. 1805)
 * October 7 – John Hill Hewitt, songwriter (b. 1801)
 * October 17 – Prosper Sainton, violinist (b. 1813)
 * October 28 – Alexander John Ellis, music theorist (b. 1814)
 * November 8 – César Franck, composer (b. 1822)
 * December 21 – Niels Gade, composer (b. 1817)
 * date unknown – Ostap Veresai, minstrel and kobzar (b. 1803)

title: 1890 in music


text:
Sultana

Sultana or Sultanah may refer to:

Plants

 * Sultana (grape), a "white" oval seedless grape variety
 * A type of raisin

Animals

 * Sultana (gastropod), a genus of air-breathing land snails
 * Western swamphen (also sultana bird), a "swamp hen" in the rail family Rallidae

People

 * Sultana (title), a female royal title, and a feminine form of the word sultan
 * Sultana (actress), one of the earliest film actresses from India
 * Sultana bint Turki Al Sudairi, spouse of Saudi King Salman
 * Sultana Frizell (born 1984), Canadian track and field athlete
 * Sultana Kamal (born 1950), Bangladeshi lawyer and human rights activist
 * Sultana Kamal (athlete) (1952–1975), Bangladeshi athlete
 * Farhana Sultana, Bangladeshi environmental scientist
 * Gouher Sultana (born 1988), Indian cricketer
 * Parveen Sultana (born 1950), Indian Hindustani classical singer
 * Stefan Sultana (born 1968), Maltese professional footballer
 * Tash Sultana, Australian singer-songwriter
 * Zarah Sultana, British Labour Party MP for Coventry South since 2019

Places

 * Sultana, Rajasthan, India
 * Sultana, a village in Mânăstirea, Romania
 * Sultanah, Saudi Arabia
 * Sultana, California, United States
 * Sultana Point, a headland near the south east tip of Yorke Peninsula in South Australia
 * Sultana Point, South Australia, a locality
 * Mount Foraker (Sultana), a mountain in Denali National Park, Alaska, United States

Media

 * Sultana, a 1988 novel by Jordanian novelist Ghalib Halasa
 * Sultana's Dream, a 1905 Bengali feminist utopian story in English, written by Begum Rokeya
 * "Sultana", a song from the early 1970s by the Norwegian band Titanic
 * The Sultana, a lost 1916 silent film crime drama
 * Sultana (film), a 1934 Hindi/Urdu film

Ships

 * Sultana, the flagship of Ali Pasha during the 1571 Battle of Lepanto
 * HMS Sultana
 * HMS Sultana (1768), a small Royal Navy schooner
 * HMS Sultana (1780), a small Royal Navy cutter
 * Sultana (1787 ship), an English Merchant ship
 * Sultana (steamboat), destroyed in 1865 in the worst maritime disaster in US history
 * USS Sultana, a yacht acquired by the U.S. Navy in World War I
 * La Sultana, a yacht

Other

 * Sultana (bus), a brand of bus manufactured by Grupo Industrial Ramirez

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Sultana


text:
Baháʼí House of Worship

A Baháʼí House of Worship or Baháʼí temple is a place of worship of the Baháʼí Faith. It is also referred to by the name Mashriqu'l-Adhkár, which is Arabic for "Dawning-place of the remembrance of God".

All Baháʼí Houses of Worship have a round, nine-sided shape and are surrounded by nine pathways leading outwards and nine gardens, reflecting the number nine's symbolic significance for Baháʼís. Inside, there is a prayer hall with seats facing in the direction of the Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh. The Houses of Worship are open throughout the week to both Baháʼís and non-Baháʼís for prayer and reflection, and some also have scheduled weekly devotional services. Scriptural texts from all religions may be recited inside, but sermons, ritualistic ceremonies, and readings from non-scriptural texts are not allowed. In addition, several Houses of Worship have formed choirs that sing music based on the Baháʼí writings, though musical instruments may not be played inside. At present, most Baháʼí devotional meetings occur in individuals' homes or local Baháʼí centres rather than in Houses of Worship.

The first Baháʼí House of Worship was planned during the lifetime of Baháʼu'lláh (1817–1892) and completed in 1919, though it was later destroyed. Next, eight Houses of Worship designated as continental Houses of Worship were completed between 1953 and 2016. They are located in the United States, Uganda, Australia, Germany, Panama, Samoa, India, and Chile, and some have won architectural awards. All other Baháʼí Houses of Worship are designated as either local or national Houses of Worship. The Universal House of Justice announced seven more in 2012, of which six have since been completed, and announced another three in 2023. The Baháʼí Faith envisions that Houses of Worship will be surrounded by dependencies dedicated to social, humanitarian, educational, and scientific pursuits, although none has yet been built up to that extent.

History
The Baháʼí House of Worship was first mentioned under the name Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (مشرق اﻻذكار; Arabic for "Dawning-place of the remembrance of God") in the Kitáb-i-Aqdas, the book of laws of Baháʼu'lláh, founder of the Baháʼí Faith. Baháʼu'lláh wrote: "O people of the world! Build ye houses of worship throughout the lands in the name of Him Who is the Lord of all religions. Make them as perfect as is possible in the world of being, and adorn them with that which befitteth them, not with images and effigies. Then, with radiance and joy, celebrate therein the praise of your Lord, the Most Compassionate."

The first Baháʼí House of Worship, in what is now Turkmenistan, was planned during the lifetime of Baháʼu'lláh and then designed and constructed during the ministry of his son and successor, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá. It was completed in 1919 but later expropriated from the Baháʼís and eventually demolished. The cornerstone of the first Baháʼí House of Worship that is still standing, in the United States, was laid in 1912 by ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, and the House of Worship was dedicated in 1953 during the ministry of his grandson and successor, Shoghi Effendi.

Also in 1953, Shoghi Effendi announced a long-term plan to build a temple for each (roughly) continental region. These temples are referred to as "Mother temples" or continental temples and are intended as the first of many temples in their regions. Shoghi Effendi died in 1957, but his plans for the construction of Baháʼí Houses of Worship were continued by the Universal House of Justice, a body first elected in 1963 that has led the world Baháʼí community since that time. The Universal House of Justice has included constructing Houses of Worship in the goals of some of its teaching plans. By the end of the twentieth century, further continental Houses of Worship were completed in Uganda, Australia, Germany, Panama, Samoa, and India. In 2001, the Universal House of Justice wrote in its Ridván Message to the Baháʼís of the world that "with profound thankfulness and joy... we announce at this auspicious moment the decision to proceed" with the construction in Chile of the eighth and final continental House of Worship. It was completed in 2016.

Meanwhile, in the Ridván message of 2012, the Universal House of Justice announced the locations of the first local and national Baháʼí Houses of Worship that would be built. The first two national Houses of Worship would be in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Papua New Guinea, while the first five local Houses of Worship would be in Cambodia, India, Kenya, Colombia, and Vanuatu. Since then, the two planned national Houses of Worship have been completed, as have four of the planned local Houses of Worship. Work on the fifth local House of Worship is in progress. In addition, more than 120 national Baháʼí communities have now acquired properties for the eventual construction of Baháʼí Houses of Worship, compared to 84 national communities that had done so by 1988.

Architecture
All Baháʼí Houses of Worship share certain architectural elements, some of which are specified by Baháʼí scripture. They are required to have a round, nine-sided shape and to have nine pathways lead outward and nine gardens surrounding them. The number nine is symbolically significant for Baháʼís, representing completeness, perfection, and the Baháʼí teaching of the unity of religion. As of 2010 all standing Baháʼí Houses of Worship have a dome, although the Baháʼí laws do not require Houses of Worship to have domes. The Greatest Name, a Baháʼí symbol, appears in calligraphy in each temple, often at the top of the dome. All Baháʼí Houses of Worship also have a prayer hall, with seats facing towards the Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh in present-day Acre, Israel, which is the Qiblih, the direction Baháʼís face in their obligatory prayers. No pulpits or altars may be incorporated as architectural features.

While they share some essential architectural elements, Baháʼí Houses of Worship differ in other aspects of their designs. Design proposals may be submitted by Baháʼí and non-Baháʼí architects, and some completed Houses of Worship were designed by non-Baháʼís. The Baháʼí Houses of Worship designed while Shoghi Effendi led the Baháʼí community include many classical architectural elements and generally avoid modern styles, which he described as "for the most part ugly, and altogether too utilitarian in aspect for a House of Worship". To varying degrees, Baháʼí Houses of Worship also integrate cultural and environmental elements from the areas in which they are built into their materials, landscaping, and architecture. These local symbols are generally more prominent in the more recent Houses of Worship.

Purpose and activities
A Baháʼí House of Worship is a place of worship of the Baháʼí Faith, where both Baháʼís and non-Baháʼís can express devotion to God. Baháʼí Houses of Worship are open to all regardless of religion, gender, or any other distinction. The only requirements for entry are modest dress and quiet behavior. The Baháʼí laws state that a House of Worship should be built in each city and town. Shoghi Effendi said that a Baháʼí temple is a "silent teacher" of the Baháʼí Faith.

The Baháʼí laws require that only scriptural texts—of the Baháʼí Faith or other religions—may be read or chanted inside, though in any language. Since there are no pulpits, readers may use a simple portable lectern. While readings and prayers that have been set to music may be sung by choirs, no musical instruments may be played inside. Several Baháʼí Houses of Worship have established choirs that sing music based on the Baháʼí writings (scriptures). Baháʼí scripture also states that no pictures, statues, or images may be displayed within Houses of Worship. No sermons may be delivered, and no ritualistic ceremonies may be practiced. Memorial services are sometimes held in Bahá'í Houses of Worship, and while wedding ceremonies are not permitted inside, they are often held in the gardens of the temples. In mainly Christian countries, Baháʼí Houses of Worship offer weekly devotional services on Sundays, with the Baháʼí calendar not yet implemented for temple worship.

Shoghi Effendi taught that Houses of Worship should each be surrounded by a complex of humanitarian, educational, and charitable institutions—such as schools, hospitals, homes for the elderly, universities, and hostels—to serve the areas in which they are situated. He said the future interaction between the House of Worship and its dependencies could provide "the essentials of Baháʼí worship and service, both so vital to the regeneration of the world". To date, only a few such dependencies have been built and no Baháʼí House of Worship has had the full range of dependencies that are envisioned. Shoghi Effendi also viewed the functions of the House of Worship as complementary to those of the Haziratu'l-Quds (commonly known as a Baháʼí centre), and said that it would be desirable if both these buildings were on the same site. At present, Baháʼí devotional meetings in most communities take place in homes or Baháʼí centres, but Elham Afnan notes that such activities "evoke the spirit" of a House of Worship with the goal that it can eventually be constructed.

Funding and administration
Baháʼí Houses of Worship are funded by the voluntary contributions of Baháʼí communities. There are no collections during temple services and only Baháʼís are permitted to contribute to the Baháʼí funds, including funds for the construction and maintenance of Houses of Worship. ʻAbdu'l-Bahá and Shoghi Effendi both viewed the construction of Baháʼí Houses of Worship in individual countries as projects of the international Baháʼí community. When Houses of Worship are built, the required funds accordingly come from Baháʼís around the world. Worldwide, expenses associated with Houses of Worship (and with the buildings at the Baháʼí World Centre) constitute a significant part of the spending of the Baháʼí administration.

In general, a Baháʼí House of Worship and the grounds on which it is situated are the property of the Baháʼí National Spiritual Assembly of that country, and the properties are held in a financial endowment. A committee of the National Spiritual Assembly of the relevant country administers the House of Worship's activities and affairs, but spiritually they see themselves as custodians of a temple that belongs to all the world's Baháʼís.

Wilmette, U.S.

The oldest extant Baháʼí House of Worship stands in Wilmette, on the shore of Lake Michigan near Chicago. It has received architectural awards. In 1978, it was added to the United States National Register of Historic Places. In 2007, the Baháʼí House of Worship was named one of the Seven Wonders of Illinois by the Illinois Bureau of Tourism. The temple is visited by about 250,000 people every year.

During his journeys to the West, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá came to Wilmette for the groundbreaking ceremony of the temple and laid the foundation stone on 1 May 1912. The principal architect was Louis Bourgeois, though his original design ended up being amended numerous times due to impractical elements. Construction began in 1921 and was completed in 1951, and the temple was dedicated in 1953. The total cost of the construction was above $2.6 million. From 1958–2001, the Wilmette House of Worship was associated with a "home for the aged", operated by the U.S. Baháʼí community.

The cladding of the building is composed of a concrete mixture of Portland cement, quartz, and sand, developed for the temple by John Joseph Earley. From ground level, the building stands approximately 58.2 metres tall and the diameter of the dome is 27.4 metres. The auditorium seats 1,191 visitors. The exterior is adorned with symbols from various religions, including the Latin Cross, the Greek Cross, the star and crescent, the Star of David, the swastika (which is an ancient symbol used in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism), and the five-pointed star. The grounds of the temple feature nine fountains, rows of Chinese junipers, and a wide range of flowers including thousands of tulips planted each fall.

Kampala, Uganda
There is a Baháʼí House of Worship situated on the northern outskirts of Kampala, Uganda's capital and largest city, on Kikaaya Hill. Shoghi Effendi announced that the Kampala temple would be built in 1955 after persecution of Baháʼís in Iran made it impossible for them to build one. It was designed by architect Charles Mason Remey. The foundation stone was laid on 26 January 1957 by Rúhíyyih Khánum, representing Shoghi Effendi. Musa Banani, the first Hand of the Cause in Africa, was also present for the groundbreaking and placed a gift of soil from the Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh, sent by Shoghi Effendi, in the foundation. The dedication ceremony was held in January 1961 and was also attended by Rúhíyyih Khánum.

The building is more than 39 metres high, and over 100 metres in diameter at the base. The dome is over 37 metres high and 13 metres in diameter. As a protection against earthquakes that can occur in the region, the temple has a foundation that goes 3 metres beneath the ground. The temple has seating for 800 people. At the time it was built, the Kampala Baháʼí temple was the tallest building in East Africa.

The temple's dome is built out of fixed mosaic tiles from Italy, whereas the tiles of the lower roof are from Belgium. The wall panels contain windows of green, pale blue, and amber colored glass of German origin. Both the timber used for making the doors and benches and the stone used for the walls of the temple are from within Uganda itself. The property includes the House of Worship, extensive gardens, a guest house, and an administrative centre.

Sydney, Australia
The fourth Baháʼí temple to be completed (and third still standing) is in Ingleside in the northern suburbs of Sydney, Australia. This temple serves as the "Mother Temple of the Antipodes". According to Jennifer Taylor, a historian at Sydney University, it is among Sydney's four most significant religious buildings constructed in the twentieth century. The initial design by Charles Mason Remey was given to Sydney architect John Brogan to develop and complete. It was dedicated in September 1961 and opened to the public after four years of construction.

Construction materials include crushed quartz concrete, local hardwoods in the interior, and concrete and marble in the dome. There is seating for 600 people. The building stands 38 metres in height, has a diameter at its widest point of 20 metres, and is a highly visible landmark from Sydney's northern beaches. The property is set high in a natural bushland setting overlooking the Pacific Ocean. The surrounding gardens contain a variety of native Australian flora including waratahs, three species of eucalypts, caleyi and other grevillea, acacia, and woody pear.

Langenhain, Germany

There is a Baháʼí House of Worship at the foot of the Taunus Mountains of Germany, in the village of Langenhain near Frankfurt. It was designed by German architect Teuto Rocholl. The foundation stone for the temple was laid on 20 November 1960 by Amelia Collins and the temple was dedicated on 4 July 1964. Its construction was opposed by a number of Catholic and Protestant churches in Germany at the time. The temple's superstructure was prefabricated in the Netherlands out of steel and concrete. The center of the interior of the temple is illuminated by light shining through over 500 glass panels above. At its base, the interior is 48 metres in diameter. The height from ground level is 28.3 metres and the temple can seat up to 600 people. Seena Fazel describes the House of Worship as having a "distinctive concrete and glass modernist design".

Panama City, Panama
There is a Baháʼí temple in Panama City, Panama, which was designed by English architect Peter Tillotson. Rúhíyyih Khánum laid the foundation stone on 8 October 1967 and temple was dedicated on 29 April 1972. It is perched on a mountain named Cerro Sonsonate, 10 km northeast of Panama City such that it can be seen from many parts of the city. The temple is built from local stone, which is laid in designs evoking Native American fabric designs and temples of the ancient Americas. The dome is covered with thousands of small oval tiles and rises to a height of 28 metres. The temple has seats made from mahogany for up to 550 people and a floor made from terrazzo.

Tiapapata, Samoa
There is a Baháʼí House of Worship set in Tiapapata, in the hills behind Apia, Samoa. It was designed by Hossein Amanat. Both Malietoa Tanumafili II of Samoa, the world's first Baháʼí head of state, and Rúhíyyih Khánum helped lay the foundation stone on 27 January 1979 and attended the dedication on 1 September 1984. The temple was completed at a total cost of $6.5 million. It has a 30-metre-tall domed structure and seats up to 500 people in the main hall plus 200 on the mezzanine level. The structure is open to the island breezes; Graham Hassall writes that this fosters a suitable environment for meditation and prayer.

New Delhi, India

In Bahapur, New Delhi, India, there is a Baháʼí House of Worship that is commonly known as the Lotus Temple, which was designed by Iranian-American architect Fariborz Sahba. Rúhíyyih Khánum laid the foundation stone on 17 October 1977 and dedicated the temple on 24 December 1986. The total cost was $10 million. The temple has won numerous architectural awards, including from the Institution of Structural Engineers, the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, and the Architectural Society of China. It has also become a major attraction for people of various religions, with up to 100,000 visitors on some Hindu holy days; estimates for the number of visitors per year range from 2.5 million to 5 million. The temple is often listed as one of Delhi's main tourist attractions, and even as one of the most visited buildings in the world.

Inspired by the sacred lotus flower, the temple's design is composed of 27 free-standing, marble-clad "petals" grouped into clusters of three and thus forming nine entryways. The temple's shape has symbolic and inter-religious significance because the lotus is often associated with the Hindu goddess Lakshmi. Nine doors open onto a central hall with permanent seating for 1,200 people, which can be expanded for a total seating capacity of 2,500 people. The temple rises to a height of 40.8 metres and is situated on a property that covers 105,000 square metres and features nine surrounding ponds. The temple construction took approximately 8 years and cost $10.56 million to complete. An educational centre beside the temple was established in 2017. The temple uses solar panels to produce 120 kW of its 500 kW of electricity used.

Santiago, Chile

The continental Baháʼí House of Worship for South America (or "Mother Temple for South America") is located in Santiago, Chile. Shoghi Effendi announced Chile as the site for the continental temple of South America in 1953, and in 2001 the process to build the temple was launched. The chosen design was by Siamak Hariri of Hariri Pontarini Architects in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Excavation was initiated at the site in 2010 and construction began in 2012. The doors opened on 19 October 2016. The Santiago temple cost a total of $30 million to build and has won a range of Canadian and international architectural awards.

The Santiago Baháʼí House of Worship is ringed by nine entrances, nine pathways, and nine fountains, and the structure is composed of nine arching "sails". These have also been described as nine "petals" and the temple's shape as "floral"; the "petals" are separated by glass which allows light to illuminate the temple's interior. The exterior of the "petals" is made from cast glass while the interior is made from translucent Portuguese marble. The sides of the temple are held up on the inside by a steel and aluminum superstructure. The temple can seat 600 people and it is 30 metres high and 30 metres in diameter.

Completed but destroyed
The first Baháʼí House of Worship was built in the city of Ashgabat, which was then a part of Russia's Transcaspian Oblast and is now the capital of Turkmenistan. It was started in 1902 and mostly completed by 1907, but was not fully finished until 1919. Plans for this House of Worship were first made during the lifetime of Baháʼu'lláh. The design was prepared by Ustad Ali-Akbar Banna, and after his death the construction was supervised by Vakílu'd-Dawlih. In 1928, the House of Worship was expropriated by the Soviet authorities and thereafter it was leased back to the Baháʼís. This arrangement lasted until 1938, when it was fully secularized and turned into an art gallery. The 1948 Ashgabat earthquake seriously damaged the building, rendering it unsafe; the heavy rains of the following years weakened the structure, until in 1963 the building was demolished and the site was converted into a public park.

The Ashgabat House of Worship was surrounded by gardens with nine ponds. At the four corners of the plot of land surrounding the House of Worship were various buildings: a boys' school; a girls' school; a large meeting hall; and a group of buildings including the offices of the Local Spiritual Assembly, a reading room, and a room for meeting with enquirers.

Completed and standing
The Battambang, Cambodia temple was the world's first local Baháʼí House of Worship to be completed. The temple was designed by Cambodian architect Sochet Vitou Tang, who is a practicing Buddhist, and integrates distinctive Cambodian architectural principles. A dedication ceremony and official opening conference took place on 1–2 September 2017, attended by Cambodian dignitaries, locals, and representatives of Baháʼí communities throughout southeast Asia.

The temple in Agua Azul in the municipality of Villa Rica, Cauca Department, Colombia was the second local Baháʼí House of Worship to be completed in the world. The temple design, by architect Julian Gutierrez Chacón, was inspired by the shape of the cocoa seed, which was integral to the local culture before the arrival of the sugar cane industry. An opening dedication ceremony took place on 22 July 2018, followed by devotional services in the House of Worship.

A local Baháʼí House of Worship was opened on 23 May 2021 in Matunda Soy, Kenya.

On 13 November 2021, a local Baháʼí House of Worship opened near the town of Lenakel on the island of Tanna, Vanuatu.

The world's first national Baháʼí House of Worship, located in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, was dedicated and opened its doors on 25 March 2023.

A national Baháʼí House of Worship in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea was dedicated on 25 May 2024.

Planned
A groundbreaking ceremony took place for a local Baháʼí House of Worship in Hargawan near Bihar Sharif, India. The design for the temple near Bihar Sharif, created by architect Amritha Ballal, was shortlisted for the 2022 World Architecture Festival.

In 2023, the Universal House of Justice announced plans for three further Houses of Worship: local Houses of Worship in Nepal and Zambia and a national House of Worship in Canada.

A site was selected and purchased in 1932 for a Baháʼí House of Worship in Hadiqa, northeast of Tehran, Iran. Charles Mason Remey provided a design for this temple which Shoghi Effendi then approved. A drawing of the design was published in an issue of The Baháʼí World. To date, however, the construction of this temple has not been possible.

Similarly, a design was created for a Baháʼí House of Worship near Mount Carmel in Haifa, Israel. It was created by Charles Mason Remey and approved by Shoghi Effendi in 1952. A photo of the model of the Haifa House of Worship can be found in an issue of The Baháʼí World. An obelisk marks the site where the House of Worship is to be built, but as of 2010, plans for constructing this House of Worship have not been made.

Analysis
Margit Warburg describes the architecture of the Baháʼí Houses of Worship as "remarkable". Denis MacEoin writes that several of the Baháʼí Houses of Worship are "fine examples of modern religious architecture", but argues that no distinct Baháʼí architectural style has emerged given that the best-designed Baháʼí Houses of Worship each have a unique character. Anne Gordon Perry argues, by contrast, that Baháʼí Houses of Worship may provide "the clearest indication of a distinctive Bahá’í aesthetic thus far ... with their characteristic nine sides, circular domes, serene and welcoming gardens and walkways, fountains, and other aesthetic elements".

Warburg writes that the presence of Baháʼí Houses of Worship on all continents except Antarctica shows the worldwide presence of the Baháʼí Faith. She also argues that there are a number of parallels between Baháʼí Houses of Worship and mosques: decoration with geometric patterns rather than images or statues, the absence of offering or communion rituals, and the adaptation of architectural designs to local cultural styles.

Warburg found in her fieldwork at several Baháʼí temples that almost all attendees of weekly services were Baháʼís but that many non-Baháʼís visited at other times during the week. She has questioned whether having the temples open for visitors but without activities at most times during the week is "the optimal mission strategy" for Baháʼís, noting an account of a visitor confused by one temple's apparent lack of purpose. However, Graham Hassall has disputed Warburg's analysis, pointing to the large number of tourists visiting many Baháʼí Houses of Worship and positive coverage in online media such as travel guides and blogs.

title: Baháʼí House of Worship


text:
Talk:Queer as Folk (British TV series)

last paragraph
I'm not sure how NPOV that last paragraph is. -- Zoe

It seems totally NPOV to me; "enormous success" is not subjective, as it is a definitive adjective/noun combination that is accurate. The show was enormously successful. You could argue that "great success" would be less NPOV but in the longrun they mean approximately the same thing.

Picture
I removed a picture that spoiled the layout of the article. Seraphim Whipp 13:34, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

Carl Parsons?
Vandalising - who is Carl Parsons? Can you change it back? Thanks

Fair use rationale for Image:QAF1.jpg
Image:QAF1.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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Standardisation
It occurs to me that the Queer as Folk US and UK pages should probably reflect each other a bit better. By which i mean the sub-headings should be the same so better comparisons between the two series can be made by others. I am fairly certain, though have no references to support, that the UK series received numerous awards, however is lacking a section on this. a potential for the future maybe? Masterplan79th

Music of QAF
There was a CD (or two) of music for the UK series which should probably be referenced. The soundtrack of the series was very progressive and a big part of the production that carried over to the US version. Benjiboi 10:54, 7 July 2007 (UTC)
 * There was a double-CD for Series 1 and a later single disc for Series 2. It may be worth mentioning that the CDS featured the music actually used in the series, while the (at least initiate) video releases had to use some cover/alternative versions for rights reasons. Nick Cooper 14:48, 12 July 2007 (UTC)

Age of Consent in the US
In most US States the age of consent is 16 and as young as 14, regardless of sexual orientation, including Pennsylvania where the US series is set. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.63.206.75 (talk) 23:35, 26 July 2009 (UTC)
 * I was thinking this, especially as the (still) current article appears to miss the state law aspect of it completely.Billwilson5060 (talk) 19:21, 18 March 2010 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was not done. Skomorokh, barbarian  11:01, 27 October 2009 (UTC)

Queer as Folk (UK TV series) → Queer as Folk — - clear primary topic, parent show of the NA show, gets four times as many views as the NA show. Unwritten(?) rule is that when we know one thing gives its name to the other(s) on a dab page, we give the original the name in the absence of other reasons (see also This Woman's Work and Ophelia, both RMs that I created for the same reason, that were successful). Sceptre (talk) 17:12, 19 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Can I just ask where you're getting your statistics on the page views? The numbers I get from and  suggest that the page for the NA show gets significantly more views that the page for the UK show. Scog (talk) 18:47, 19 October 2009 (UTC)
 * You know, you're right. But still, I feel that the original should be undisambiguated. It's far more socially relevant than the US version (the UK version was pretty much boundary-breaking, the US version not so much). Sceptre (talk) 20:12, 19 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Although i agree the UK version is far more important (and much better than the US attempt), removing the disambiguation has no benefit to readers. If most readers are looking for the US version, they should at least get to a disambiguation page that helps them navigate to their desired version. The disambig page should keep the plain title, so UK and US searched both arrive there first. Oppose move. Yob  Mod  08:37, 21 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Oppose - clear-cut need for disambiguation and I would be willing to venture a guess that the majority of people would (rightly or wrongly) since WP is located in the US think of the American (or "North American" as the article tweely has it) series as the primary usage. Eddie's Teddy (talk) 13:34, 22 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Opposed. Things are fine where they are needed. If we're lucking maybe Austrailia will get its own version! -- Banj e  b oi   18:32, 22 October 2009 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

"age of consent for gay men"?
The article says that "the age of consent for gay men in the UK at the time was 18".

Can someone clarify this (and change if needed) - i.e., is this some sort of an in-joke from the show (in which case it should be noted as such and attributed to whichever character said it), or is it vandalism to the article?

I highly doubt that there's literally a separate age of consent for gay men! But hey, if I'm wrong... enlighten me!

98.229.237.2 (talk) 11:08, 22 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Yes, there was a separate age of consent for gay men since it was decriminalised in 1967. The Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 2000 equalised it at 16.--Britannicus (talk) 11:28, 22 March 2010 (UTC)

Directors
I removed the link from Sarah Harding's name to Sarah Harding's Wiki page. They are two different Sarah Hardings (of course - otherwise we're saying a pop singer directed 8 episodes of a TV show at age 17). This can be confirmed on IMDB. --Brianrein (talk) 20:19, 29 October 2010 (UTC)

Number of series and episodes...
There is no list of series/episodes or info on why the series was "axed" or anything. There is only info on the continuing re-incarnations. What is the standard for this? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friends

i know "Friends" is incomparable, but there is a table of series and dates and such. Should there at least be an outline of this information?

86.6.199.241 (talk) 21:40, 30 May 2011 (UTC)

it seems there are just two serieses. The first with 8, the second with two longer episodes. This is based on the 4OD episodes available, which ends in a complete manner c.f. http://onthebox.netfirms.com/Articles/BritQAF2/QAF2.html.

Wuku (talk) 22:34, 30 May 2011 (UTC)

 * I think you are looking for List of Queer as Folk UK episodes. It's linked from the infobox... --Morn (talk) 09:35, 31 May 2011 (UTC)

Cast
There is some very detailed cast information here, but I'm not convinced it's accurate. For instance, "Lee Warburton as Piero McCarthy" - in the actual show credits, which are surely the definitive source, he's credited simply as "striking man". Where has the very long, very detailed list come from? Smurfmeister (talk) 01:31, 13 March 2013 (UTC)
 * If the cast list is really very long and detailed (I haven't looked, admittedly) then it should likely be trimmed down, perhaps to principal characters (main credits) and recurring roles. "Striking Man" hardly sounds worthy of inclusion. Doniago (talk) 13:45, 13 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Done. Smurfmeister (talk) 11:29, 15 March 2013 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Queer as Folk (British TV series)


text:
The Sky at Night

The Sky at Night is a documentary television programme on astronomy produced by the BBC. The show had the same permanent presenter, Sir Patrick Moore, from its first monthly broadcast on 24 April 1957 until 7 January 2013. The latter date was a posthumous broadcast, following Moore's death on 9 December 2012. This made it the longest-running programme with the same presenter in television history. Many early episodes are missing, either because the tapes were wiped or thrown out, or because the episode was broadcast live and never recorded in the first place.

The programme was shown monthly up until 2023.

Beginning with the 3 February 2013 edition, the show was co-presented by Lucie Green and Chris Lintott. Since December 2013 Maggie Aderin-Pocock has also been a presenter. In April 2023 Dr George Dransfield joined the show as a presenter.

Pete Lawrence has presented an observing section on the programme since 2004 as well as producing an online monthly star Guide on the BBC Sky at Night webpage.

The programme's opening and closing theme music is "At the Castle Gate", from the incidental music to Pelléas et Mélisande, written in 1905 by Jean Sibelius, performed by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra and conducted by Sir Thomas Beecham.

Content
The programme covers a wide range of general astronomical and space-related topics. Topics include stellar life cycles, radio astronomy, artificial satellites, black holes, neutron stars and many others. The programme also covers events happening in the night sky at the time of broadcast, such as a bright comet or a meteor shower, and recent developments in space and astronomy, such as the Rosetta space mission and the detection of phosphine in Venus' atmosphere.

Explaining the show's enduring appeal, Moore said: "Astronomy's a fascinating subject. You look up... you can't help getting interested and it's there. We've tried to bring it to the people.. it's not me, it's the appeal of the subject."

Notable guests
Many of the world's leading astronomers have appeared on the show through the years, including Harlow Shapley (the first to measure the size of the Milky Way galaxy), Fred Hoyle, Carl Sagan, Jocelyn Bell Burnell, Samuel Tolansky, Harold Spencer Jones, Martin Ryle, Richard Ellis, Carlos Frenk and Bart Bok. Other guests have included Arthur C. Clarke, Astronomer Royal Sir Martin Rees, Arnold Wolfendale, Allan Chapman, Sir Bernard Lovell, Michael Bentine, Wernher von Braun and Open University professors John Zarnecki, Monica Grady, Edwin Maher and Colin Pillinger.

Many well-known astronauts have also appeared on the programme, such as Piers Sellers, Eugene Cernan, Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong.

In July 2004, Moore was unable to make the broadcast owing to a severe bout of salmonellosis. He was replaced for this one occasion by the cosmologist Chris Lintott of Oxford University, who had been co-presenting for several years. Moore returned for the August programme, this was the only occasion in the 55 years of Moore's tenure that he did not host the programme.

Brian May, the Queen guitarist and astrophysicist, has been a guest on the show from time to time.

On 1 April 2007, Moore presented the 50th Anniversary edition of the show, a special "time travel" edition which included the appearance of Jon Culshaw as Moore's younger self. The 50th anniversary programme was filmed at Teddington Studios as the 1957 home of the programme, Lime Grove Studios, had been demolished in 1992.

On 6 March 2011, Moore presented the 700th edition of the show, a special retrospective episode which included Jon Culshaw once again appearing as Moore's younger self, as well as Brian May.

Move to BBC Four
In September 2013 the BBC announced that the programme's future after December 2013 was under review, prompting speculation that the corporation would end it, and a petition asking for the show to be retained. On 29 October it was announced that the programme would continue, but would only be shown on BBC Four, ending a 54-year run on the BBC's flagship channel.

Commemorative honours
The International Astronomical Union celebrated the 50th anniversary of the show by naming an asteroid 57424 Caelumnoctu, the number referring to the first broadcast date and the name being Latin for "The Sky at Night".

In February 2007, the Royal Mail issued a set of six astronomy stamps to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the programme.

In the Guinness Book of World Records, Patrick Moore is listed as the most prolific TV presenter in the world, having hosted all but one episode of the programme between 1957 and January 2013.

DVD release
A DVD of the special commemorative Sky at Night film Apollo 11: A Night to Remember was released on 6 July 2009 to coincide with the 40th anniversary of the first man on the Moon.

title: The Sky at Night


text:
Talk:Baháʼí House of Worship

Baha'i Temple in Chile
Seriously, is there are plan to update this page about "seven" Baha'i Temples in the world? I would do it, but you guys don't usually like my edits.--I'm Nonpartisan 17:55, 29 November 2016 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by I'm nonpartisan (talk • contribs)

Eliot, Maine USA
The visit of Abdu'l-Baha to Green Acre in 1912 was undoubtedly a great consolation to Sarah. I was also the single most important occurrance in Green Acre's history. Five hundred people greeted Him upon arrival. His week long stay underlined the significance of the property and the importance of Sarah's vision for the future.

During His stay at the inn, Abdu'l-Baha gave public talks that were fundamental to the Baha'i view of education and human development. He urged His listeners to study 'reality' so that the union of opinions and expressions may be obtained. Additionally, Abdu'l-Baha shared with Sarah and others His vision of the future of Green Acre. He said to Sarah as they reviewed to location of the great university her efforts had made possible:

"This is hallowed ground made so by your vision and sacrifice. Always remember this is hallowed ground which I am pointing out to you. This is where the first Baha'i University will be built; this is where the second Baha'i Temple in the United States will be raised" http://bahai-library.com/essays/greenacre.html —Preceding unsigned comment added by 144.92.162.25 (talk) 16:37, 18 April 2011 (UTC)

ASHGABAT MISPELLED
Why the mispelling of the city of Ashgabat? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashgabat The is no city named `Ishqábád, never has been, to use that spelling is like spelling Beijing Peking. Wikipedia should not allow mispellings of real locations.

Change of map required
I noticed that Karachi, Pakistan is listed as a potential construction location. However, it's not highlighted green as the other countries are on the map. Could someone please edit or change the map? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.189.147.186 (talk) 09:40, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Architecture and photos
The plan here is to get the architecture OFF the main Baha'i page and put it here. Soon. Rick Boatright 05:44 Feb 21, 2003 (UTC)

 * Really, Really, there will be text here which justifies WHY I uploaded the photos, Ok, ok the wiki way would have been to do the text FIRST.  Sorry.

I'm off to bed now. Rick Boatright 07:19 Feb 21, 2003 (UTC)

A few changes
I've made quite a few changes, most minor but a couple in particular need to be checked (even more than the rest I mean :)

 * Turkestan -> Turkmenistan. Bahai.org calls it Ashkhabad in Russia, which seems to tie in with what is now Turkmenistan.

 * I removed: "This was the first Bahá'í community since the fall of Czarist Russia to have a population and the freedom to organize itself physically as well as spiritually." (referring to the community in Ashkhabad).  Wasn't this before the Russian Revolution? sannse 17:57 Mar 1, 2003 (UTC)

 * Ever have one of those moment when you write somthing and have NO IDEA what you ment? Uh, yes, this was prior to the revolution.  Can we just strike that part about "since the fall of Czarist" since I was clearly not thinking well? Rick Boatright 16:40 Mar 2, 2003 (UTC)

Pictures
I recently took some pictures of the Wilmette House which I'm willing to put up, but I'm not sure how best to present them, and I don't have any text that I could really put with it besides "wow, take a look at that fancy concrete work." So if anyone wants to expound on the architecture of that particular structure and wants some pictures to go with it, let me know. (I'll release them under some nice license or public domain. They're ok, but nothing award winning. I know how to use a camera, and I was using a decent one, but I didn't really take the time to try and take really nice shots. It was awfully cold.) --jkominek 21:29, 31 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Haifa
I know that site at Haifa has been built upon. There's a terraced garden and a shrine. I don't know any details, though. Perhaps someone will see this and take it upon his/herself to do the research and edit the page! -- Claire

The shrine on Mt. Carmel is not a temple; the temple site has still not been built upon. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 68.77.29.126 (talk • contribs).

Haifa temple
I think stating definitively that Remey's design for the Ma sh riqu'l-A dh kár on Mount Carmel will, in fact, be used, is going out on a limb. Given his Covenant-Breaker status, I think it's reasonable to question its ultimate selection. I searched and cannot find any confirmation that his design will be used. I think it would be more appropriate to simply state that his design was approved by Shoghi Effendi, and leave it at that. Would anyone object to a change of phrasing here? Keldan 03:06, 29 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Good point, go ahead. -- Jeff3000 03:12, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

 * The reading: "A design by Charles Mason Remey was approved by Shoghi Effendi." is accurate. I don't know that his design won't be used though considering the House would be overturning the approval. It'd hinge on whether the Guardian "selected" it, making it his choice, or whether he "approved" it, meaning that he considered it acceptable. But, when I was on pilgrimage it seemed pretty clear that that was the design that'll be used.

 * I've seen the model at Bahji, and don't like it at all. His work was derivative (Just line up the Syndey and Kampala temples with Wilmette's.) and uninspired. (Most architects of that generation were trained to be that way.) The Mount Carmel design is a double of the Ashkabad temple. Personally, W.S. Maxwell and L. Bourgeois were both far superior. MARussellPESE 20:37, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I've added a photograph of the sketch of the temple, which Shoghi Effendi calls the "Mother Temple of the Holy Land". Contrary to popular belief, "mother temple" is not synonymous with "continental temple" and, though the Chile Temple is the last continental temple, it is not the last "mother temple". Shoghi Effendi did indeed approve Remey's design and there is no reason to dislike it simply because he became a Covenant-breaker later in life. There were many great Baha'is who later became Covenant-breakers and that does not negate the fact that their work when they were within the covenant was good. If Shoghi Effendi felt the design was fitting, it must indeed be fitting. I personally like the Mount Carmel Temple because it blends Middle Eastern and European architecture and is both classical and monumental in its design and proportions. If you see the staircases within the design, you can imagine how huge this temple will be. My favourite currently existing temple is the one in Wilmette, because it appears very classical. The more innovative temples, like the ones in Panama, Apia, Germany, etc. cannot compare with the classical designs of the Temple in Wilmette or the Temple for Mount Carmel. The beauty of the Mount Carmel Temple will, in my opinion, far surpass the beauty of most existing temples.NicholasJB (talk) 12:40, 17 February 2013 (UTC)

Order
Actually, I'm more partial to having the Houses of Worship listed in order of construction, as opposed to alphabetically (and even alphabetically, shouldn't they be by country rather than by city?). Anyone opposed to changing it back? Keldan 19:00, 11 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree with you Keldan, they should be in order of construction. Can you please change their order to match that. -- Jeff3000 20:32, 11 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Agreed with respect to the Mother Temples. MARussellPESE 20:37, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

Planned construction of temple in Iran?
Is this actually true? Because as I'm sure everyone here knows the Bahai religion is not legally recognized in Iran and they are a persecuted group (extremely doubtful that this will ever change under the current system), so this doesn't quite add up. SouthernComfort 21:05, 13 January 2006 (UTC)
 * The article actually states that. Until the Islamic government disallows it, it won't go forward, but it is still planned. -- Jeff3000 21:29, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

 * "A site has been selected, and plans drawn for the Bahá'í Temple of Tehran, Iran, but Iranian government action has thus far blocked the start of construction." IMHO, this is far too simplistic and ambiguous an explanation, all things considered. Based on this sentence, one might assume there was an attempt at construction, or at least some sort of communication with the authorities about it, which would seemingly be impossible considering the fact that one can end up in prison and possibly worse due to being Bahai. If the plans have been drawn to construct the temple for when the government changes or the restrictions lifted, whichever comes first, then that would make more sense. Sort of like when a "government in exile" is established. I'm just thinking there's a lot more to be said than one sentence. SouthernComfort 22:11, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

The construction of the Tehran Temple was officially announced in both 1952 and 1964 as a goal of the Ten Year Crusade and Nine Year Plan, respectively. On both occasions, however, conditions in Iran did not allow for construction to start. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.115.144.17 (talk) 10:23, 24 April 2012 (UTC)

120 planned sites
I just would like to point out that 120 sites have been chosen for future houses of worship. not just the 3 shown here. Pure inuyasha 01:52, 23 June 2006 (UTC)

 * This is a good interesting inclusion to the article. It aroused my curiousity. Could you please feed this curiousity by providing a reference? Thank you. -LambaJan 03:31, 23 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Sure! at the bottom of the page. Pure inuyasha 04:06, 23 June 2006 (UTC)

Expand list of future structures
Perhaps we should have a list showing all 120 sites? Pure inuyasha 00:40, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't think it's needed. Having a list is not that interesting. -- Jeff3000 02:12, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Well I personally thought it would be nice to know if one's planned in my area. Pure inuyasha 02:23, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

Persepolis, Iran
I remember having read somewhere that 'Abdu'l-Bahá stated that Persepolis would be rebuilt in the future as a Bahá'í House of Worship. I am searching for this statement, but I cannot find it. Does anyone know where this can be found? -Wiki-uk 09:32, 20 July 2006 (U TC)
 * Never heard of this. -- Jeff3000 13:40, 20 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Me either. Bear in mind that there's a lot of pilgrim's notes floating about still from those days. An awful lot of things have been "attributed" to `Abdu'l-Bahá that did not bear out. MARussellPESE 14:03, 20 July 2006 (UTC)
 * In a Memorandum of the Research Department of the Universal House of Justice dated 6 August 2007 it is stated:
 * "A statement concerning Persepolis as a future site of a House of Worship is found in a talk delivered by ‘Abdu’l-Bahá on 18 July 1915. The talk, which deals generally with Iranian civilization prior to Islam and the prospect of its resurgence, has not, to date, been translated into English. It is published in the original language in Abdu’l-Hamíd Ishráq Khávarí’s Rahíq-i-Makhtúm (Tihrán: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, 131 B.E.), volume 2, pages 499–503."
 * An English translation of the above title can be found here and here. The talk appears in appendix 6: "'Abdu'l-Bahá on Persepolis". Wiki-uk (talk) 09:00, 13 October 2009 (UTC)

Turkmenistan not a country back in 1918.
How could it be annexed? someone please fix this. Zazaban 20:24, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Good catch. Fixed.  Keldan 21:20, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

Structuring external links
I feel the external links in this article are a bit messy: some are in the text, others in the reference section, other again in the external link section. I think the external link section would be preferabe for all of them. Also, the satelite image of Wilmette could be deleted, as it appears again on the Google Earth link website. Wiki-uk 04:48, 5 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree. -- Jeff3000 13:17, 5 October 2006 (UTC)
 * This has been done now. Wiki-uk 11:11, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

Home for the aged at Wilmette
The article now states: 'The temple at one point also was associated with a "home for the aged," operated by the Baha'i community. The Baha'i home has since closed.' Does anyone know when it was opened, when it was closed, and why? Wiki-uk 11:07, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

I have edited this sentence a bit and will look up some specific dates for a future edit. The Baha'i Home was closed because it no longer met the Illiois Code for nursing homes or senior residential. If you had ever been there, you would agree that the structure was no longer appropriate for that use in the modern day. However, the building is now being currently used as a local Baha'i school, for regional training institutes and Ruhi meetings, as an office for the LSA of Wilmette and for Baha'i Feast in Wilmette. The general belief in the local Baha'i community is that someday the current building will be demolished and a modern care facility will be built. Someone told me that Corrine True donated the land, I'll check that. --I'm Nonpartisan 13:01, 1 May 2007 (UTC)

Layout
Putting the pictures left and right makes this article, with short entries on each item, quite 'restless'. Does anyone have any suggestions? Wiki-uk 11:11, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

Mother temple of _________
According to www.bahaitemple.org, the website of the temple in Wilmette, the Panama City temple is the "Mother Temple of Latin America", not Central America, and Sydney's is the "Mother Temple of the Antipodes", not Australasia. In addition, several are not listed at all: Western Samoa's is the "Mother Temple of the Pacific Islands", India's is the "Mother Temple of the Indian Subcontinent", and Wilmette's is the "Mother Temple of the West". I didn't want to change the ones that are "wrong" in case they're based on something more reliable (than an official website?), and by extension I didn't add the others because I think they should probably all conform to one source. Anybody care to help on that? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Tjrudebeck (talk • contribs).
 * I've gone through some Baha'i literature and these are the wordings I've found:
 * Wilmette
 * "Mother Temple of the West" (Citadel of Faith)
 * Sydney
 * "Mother Temple of Australia" (Citadel of Faith)
 * "Mother Temple in the heart of Australasia" (Letters from the Guardian to Australia and New Zealand)
 * "Mother Temple of the Antipodes" (Letters from the Guardian to Australia and New Zealand)
 * "Mother Temple of Australia" (Messages to the Baha'i World - 1950-1957)
 * Kampala
 * "Mother Temple of Africa" (Citadel of Faith)
 * Langenhain
 * "Mother Temple of Germany" (Citadel of Faith)
 * "Mother Temple of Europe" (Messages to the Baha'i World - 1950-1957)
 * "Mother Temple of Europe" (The Light of Divine Guidance v I)
 * Delhi
 * "Mother Temple of the Indian Subcontinent" (A Wider Horizon, Selected Letters 1983-1992)
 * Panama City
 * "Mother Temple of Latin America" (Haziratu'l Quds and Mashriqu'l Adhkar)
 * "Mother Temple of Latin America" (Messages from the Universal House of Justice 1968-1973)
 * Samoa
 * "Mother Temple of the Pacific Islands" (Messages 1963 to 1986)
 * Santiago
 * "Mother Temple of South America" (The Universal House of Justice, Ridvan 158, 2001)
 * So some should be changed. Regards, -- Jeff3000 02:21, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

Jeff, you should have just made the edit. The HOW is most certainly the Mother Temple of the West because it was built by the Baha'is communities of United States and Canada, before there were two different National Spiritual Assemblies. No one, anywhere, refers to it as the Mother Temple of the United States and I'm really, really surprised that this was let go. I'm getting a very intense, "time to roll up my sleeves" feeling here. This article could be so much better.--I'm Nonpartisan 13:06, 1 May 2007 (UTC)

Description
The first paragraph doesn't properly explain what a Bahá'í House of Worship actually is. Can someone please fix this? Scharb 05:44, 9 December 2006 (UTC)
 * You mean a straight forward declarative sentence? Why that would be too obvious.  MARussellPESE 06:40, 11 December 2006 (UTC)

Other sites
I went looking to find information on all 120 planned sites. i didn't find it, but I found a listing of all the sites chosen by 1963. The information has been added to the article. Zazaban 23:08, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

Wilmette Temple.
The huge infobox is..... weird. Anyone else think It should have it's own article and not have the infobox here? Zazaban 23:02, 1 January 2007 (UTC)
 * It is definitely weird; I don't think it should have an infobox, or a separate page; there is not enough information for each house of worship to have it's own page. -- Jeff3000 23:37, 1 January 2007 (UTC)

It was there because the temple is a registered nation historic place in the US. Zazaban 00:51, 2 January 2007 (UTC)

There is more than enough information on each HOW for each to have a page. Just look at the official websites. The new construction project at Wilmette alone is worthy of several paragraphs, including the new design for a visitor's center. --I'm Nonpartisan 13:07, 1 May 2007 (UTC)

Delhi Temple
The article claims that the Baha'i House of Worship in Delhi is the most visited building in the world, but with no reference, this seems really unlikely, does anyone know if this is true? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 140.247.144.223 (talk • contribs).

That DOES seem very unlikely. However, there is a souce and it should be included. Zazaban 04:36, 13 January 2007 (UTC)

It was supposed to be CNN.com in 1997? 68.98.236.175 01:00, 18 January 2007 (UTC)

Black World Map.
Could I have a blank world map? I need it for something I plan to add to this article. Zazaban 00:21, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

Nevermind, done. Zazaban 02:11, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

Added a map.
I added a map based on information on this article. Might have to upload a new one because I stupidly used JPEG and the colour yellow. Hope it helps! Zazaban 02:12, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Zaz, we need a new map. The old one doesn't show where they are; and I couldn't figure out what the colors were for. MARussellPESE 05:06, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

I do have a legend, and was about to add it. Please don't just DELETE it! Just because it needs some work doesn't mean it should be removed! Zazaban 05:13, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Zaz, you had three hours to get a meaningful legend on it. Without it it didn't make sense, especially as the list of planned sites is at the opposite end of the article. It still could use the national borders showing through the highlight. Consider light green for planned. MARussellPESE 21:05, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

Ever think I might have been having a very busy day? Not everybody has time to do everything NOW. I was working on borrowed time just to upload it. Like I said, it needs work. Zazaban 00:37, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Then, consider planning your time so that your edits are focused and complete. Once you hit the "Save Page" button it's up here for all to see. Nobody else knows if its a work in progress; and it's a lot to ask that others wait for you to get around to fixing it on your time.

 * Your pardon, but this is a related issue to the one raised on your talk page about using the edit summaries. You are, by no means, the only one with limited time on your hands. A little more focus will allow you to be edited over a lot less. MARussellPESE 20:49, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

I believe I did use edit smmaries. I did not know i had a lack of time when I started. Zazaban 02:56, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

Error on Map
Fiji is not highlighted in light green. There is in fact one planned there. Zazaban 20:29, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

Neither is Israel. Zazaban 23:25, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Upgrading Content
References should all be in place for slight edit of Australia Temple. I attended a meeting last night with the architect of the Chile Temple, and there is quite a lot of new information to add. For instance, did you know that materials for the contruction of the temple are currently being fabricated in Toronto? He predicts three years from groundbreaking to completion. Anyway, there's lots more information available for every Temple on this page. Let's get together and make an effort this summer to upgrade.--I'm Nonpartisan 20:11, 17 June 2007 (UTC)

Wilmette HOW
Greetings all, I am updating and including some specific info the the Wilmette HOW and would like to include the text of the inscriptions above the entrances and alcoves. This would be 18 small quotations from the Baha'i Writings. Is there any objection to this before I do so? Does anyone know if any of the other Houses of Worship have quotations inside and out? --I'm Nonpartisan 02:53, 11 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Sounds good to me. Someone could object because it's not verifiable (not published), but I don't think anyone will. Cuñado  ☼ -  Talk  05:31, 11 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, WP:V doesn't say that something  INSCRIBED ON THE SIDE OF A BUILDING  would be verifiable. Careful, some wikisith will enjoy deleting them.

 * Seriously, by all means add them. MARussellPESE 23:22, 11 October 2007 (UTC)

WikiSith? There's no problem with referencing the quotes, they are in the Whitmore book and can be reference by page number there. I bet they are on the USBNC website,too.--I'm Nonpartisan 03:30, 12 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Hello All. I have made my first wikitable and have attempted to describe all the decorative elements inside and outside the temple.  Easier said than done.  Please feel welcome to add 2, 5 or even 10 cents. I must say that the wikipedia swastica article is excellent, I'm so glad I went over to look at it.  Also, at Portal Baha'i I didn't see an easy link to the House of Worship page.  I think as we grow this content that there should be one. AND, as I have only visited one House of Worship, do any of the others also have engraved Baha'i Writings, and are they the same verses as those in Wilmette?--I'm Nonpartisan (talk) 04:50, 17 November 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Chile2.jpg
Image:Chile2.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 21:53, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

John Joseph Earley
I finally made the correction so that the page links with the biography page for John Joseph Earley, but his page could be greatly expanded, and it needs a paragraph about the Baha'i Temple, which he believed was his greatest accomplishment. I can't do this right now as I'm working on another project, but if someone has the time, it's a worthy task.I'm Nonpartisan 05:20, 4 February 2010 (UTC)

edit request
In the first sentence, is it okay to change the word temple to chapel? Temple gives the indication this is a Dharmic religion when it's not. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Iwanttoeditthissh (talk • contribs) 09:45, 19 May 2010 (UTC)
 * No - temple is more neutral - chapel is explicitly Christian. though you are right in that the religions isn't explicitly a dharmic religion. But there are Jewish temples afterall. Smkolins (talk) 12:54, 19 May 2010 (UTC)

Major updates needed
This article is completely out of date, and needs a major rewrite and update. For example, there are now more than 8 temples world-wide, and several of the "planned" sites have been built, like the one in Haifa, Israel. There is also one in Akko (Acre), Israel. I don't know enough or have the time to do the research, but this is very out of date and should be updated. By the way, the existence of the temple in Haifa predates the creation of this article. Wiki Tome  Talk 17:28, 31 March 2011 (UTC)
 * WikiTome, neither of the sites you mention are Baha'i Houses of Worship; one is the Shrine of the Bab, and the other is the Shrine of Baha'u'llah, both in the Baha'i World Centre. The article is fully up to date with the actual buildings that exist, and the one in construction.  I will be removing the tags.  Regards, -- Jeff3000 (talk) 20:18, 31 March 2011 (UTC)
 * You're right, they aren't houses of worship. I was under the mistaken impression that they were. My apologies.
 * While we're on the subject, it's worth noting that one of the countries with a planned Temple, Fiji, is not marked on the map as such. 64.180.40.100 (talk) 18:47, 29 August 2011 (UTC)

New Photos
Our current photos of the Baha'i House of Worship do not reflect the completed restoration project. I've uploaded some current photos for the editors to look at and to choose to use if they wish. They are on the commons.

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Baha%27i_House_of_Worship,_Wilmette,_Illinois.jpg http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Garden_and_fountain_at_the_Baha%27i_House_of_Worship_in_Wilmette,_Illinois.jpg http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Baha%27i_House_of_Worship,_Wilmette,_illinois.jpg76.193.178.244 (talk) 13:55, 18 July 2011 (UTC)

Seven new Houses of Worship
I have made a first attempt at adding this big news to this page, it may be that this is not the correct section, and certainly more links need to be added and a better reference web link for the Ridvan letter, but it's a start.I'm Nonpartisan 17:32, 21 April 2012 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by I'm nonpartisan (talk • contribs)
 * I'm removed the addition, because statements need to be published by reliable sources. Self-published sources such as wordpress don't count.  Regards, -- Jeff3000 (talk) 18:00, 21 April 2012 (UTC)

Here is an official link regarding the new Temples: http://news.bahai.org/story/906 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.115.144.17 (talk) 10:28, 24 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Already included. Looking forward to more coverage from the media on this. Smkolins (talk) 19:30, 24 April 2012 (UTC)

I've added a new map where I removed the 1963 plan and added the 2012 plan. I found that some locations like Congo and Kenya were not in the 1963 plan, so I found it to confusing to have both plans mixed in one map. If there are no objections I'll add the map in a few days. --Steinninn 14:40, 25 April 2012 (UTC)
 * I like it. Smkolins (talk) 00:38, 26 April 2012 (UTC)

HOW Chile
Hello friends, Since I never seem to do this the right way, the first time, here is a link to an article in 2012 which gives the date of the signing for the construction contract for the HOW in Chile, which should have some updated information in it's entry: http://news.bahai.org/story/891I'm Nonpartisan 16:58, 20 May 2013 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by I'm nonpartisan (talk • contribs)

Upgrading this Webpage
Hello Friends, I stopped by to pick up some links for the course I'm building over at the Wilmette Institute about the Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (April 1) and instead have been doing a lot of linkage repair. I know that you all are working hard, but perhaps we can schedule a day, time, task chart for checking links on all the pages, as they do expire, and since many pages have been built, there are improved resources. I'm Nonpartisan 00:16, 3 March 2014 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by I'm nonpartisan (talk • contribs)

External links modified
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External links modified
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9 Houses of Worship?
Do we say that there are 8 Houses of Worship, or 9? Currently the text of the article reads "There are currently eight Bahá'í Houses of Worship. The eighth Bahá'í House of Worship, located near Santiago, Chile, opened its doors on October 19, 2016." and then proceeds to list 9 Houses of Worship, including the one in Battambang, which just opened. So do we change it to 9? Or do we still say there are 8 Houses of Worship? Nadeem.navidi (talk) 03:38, 3 October 2017 (UTC)
 * That should be edited to say 9. Be bold! Cuñado  ☼ -  Talk  04:57, 3 October 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100527130556/http://crm.cr.nps.gov/archive/20-12/20-12-19.pdf to http://crm.cr.nps.gov/archive/20-12/20-12-19.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100706082738/http://www.bahai.us/seven-wonders-of-illinois to http://www.bahai.us/seven-wonders-of-illinois
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070625163143/http://www.bahai.org.au/scripts/WebObjects.exe/BNO.woa/wa/pages?page=temple%2F41 to http://www.bahai.org.au/scripts/WebObjects.exe/BNO.woa/wa/pages?page=temple%2F41
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Why is Iran marked on the map?
The image showing sites of Houses or Worship has Iran marked in red, which according to legend means there used to be a House of Worship in the country. The article text gives no indication of this, though. Is there a reason for this? Gazelle55 (talk) 18:43, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

 * I'm pretty sure that's wrong. Turkmenistan was first, then Chicago. Cuñado ☼ - Talk  22:34, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

 * Okay, makes sense. Will fix it when I find time. Gazelle55 (talk) 23:18, 3 November 2020 (UTC)

 * I was about to comment on this lol. Good that people have taken notice. dragfyre_ ʞןɐʇ c 02:40, 18 November 2021 (UTC)
 * I checked out the file and there seems to have been confusion about the difference between "Bahá'í centres" (Haziratu'l-Quds in Persian) and "Bahá'í houses of worship" (Mashriqu'l-Adkhar in Persian). There were none of the latter yet in Iran, but many of the former—in fact the dome of the National Baha'i centre in Tehran was destroyed by a mob in a very high-profile incident in 1955, if memory serves. That would be for a different map though! dragfyre_ ʞןɐʇ c 07:57, 19 November 2021 (UTC)

 * I've never figured out how to make those maps so I don't know how to fix it. Cuñado ☼ - Talk  18:47, 19 November 2021 (UTC)

 * I've never done images on Wikipedia before but the current file says that it was created from a template. Those are available at this page. Kenya and Vanuatu also needed to be added. I hope to get to it eventually though I'll have to do some reading about images first. Gazelle55 (talk) 00:40, 21 November 2021 (UTC)
 * I'll give it a try. dragfyre_ ʞןɐʇ c 09:37, 21 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Done. Any thoughts? dragfyre_ ʞןɐʇ c 10:00, 21 November 2021 (UTC)

 * Wow, looks great to me, . I like how you added different colors for the city locations too. This is a big improvement. Gazelle55 (talk) 15:03, 21 November 2021 (UTC)

Fundraising
I removed the reference to Mr Rustamptir donating a "major part" of the land for the Indian temple. The source says that he contributed about 71% of the money that was used to buy the land, not including the construction of the building. I don't know how to convert rupees into dollars, but I would guess the cost of land was pretty cheap compared to the temple. The story comes from the Baha'i News Service and the point of the story was to emphasize the sacrifice that he made, and it seems out of step with the rest of the article to put that detail in there. Cuñado ☼ - Talk  16:53, 30 November 2021 (UTC)

Infoboxes
Well, the infoboxes don't fit because there's not enough text for them to float through. What if I made a gallery of the infoboxes at the bottom of the section? You could scroll side to side to see them all. Cuñado ☼ - Talk  20:06, 30 November 2021 (UTC)

 * It's an interesting idea, though there are twelve temples already and the infoboxes would really start to pile up. Is there any precedent for having a gallery of infoboxes in an article? I've only seen one infobox per article in the past. Gazelle55 (talk) 23:24, 30 November 2021 (UTC)

 * Oh, also—this info mostly duplicates what is already at List of Baháʼí Houses of Worship. Maybe it could just be added there and then we could have a more standard gallery featuring just images? Gazelle55 (talk) 23:28, 30 November 2021 (UTC)

, this seems to have gotten lost, but I've been working on this page and I'd like to deal with the white space issue. There is quite a lot of space between most of the continental temple entries and I don't think it looks good. A gallery of infoboxes at the bottom would be better, but like I wrote above I've never seen that elsewhere. Is there any precedent? Or something from the MOS on this? I would think it's better to take any sourced info from the infoboxes and add it to the text as well as to List of Baháʼí Houses of Worship – then as many images as can fit comfortably in the body could go there and the rest could go to a gallery of images at the bottom. But I don't want to remove the infoboxes if they could still be used since I can see you put work into them, let me know your thoughts. Gazelle55 (talk) 20:46, 17 June 2022 (UTC)

 * I recommend merging everything into the table at List of Baháʼí Houses of Worship, then move that table to the bottom of this page in its own section, then redirect that page to here. Then maybe the remaining pictures in the text could be grouped into galleries every once in awhile? Cuñado ☼ - Talk  22:45, 17 June 2022 (UTC)

 * Infoboxes are gone. I put the info from the infoboxes into the text with sources and made a gallery for images at the bottom. If the number of images increases a lot it might be good to split it into multiple interspersed galleries like you said. As for merging in the list page, you can propose it if you think it's a good idea and get some more opinions. Imo, list pages are often not good where the thing being listed isn't well defined... but in this case it's pretty clear what is and isn't a Baha'i House of Worship so I thought it was a reasonable page to have. Gazelle55 (talk) 16:41, 22 June 2022 (UTC)

Reverting edits by an IP editor
An IP editor made a number of changes to the article several hours ago. While some of the changes were good tweaks, some changes were not good: I am going to revert the problematic changes (while preserving the good changes). Please realize I am not trying to be uncooperative... if you would like me to explain further about why I made these changes or want to discuss improvements to the article, just let me know here or on my talk page. Best, Gazelle55 (talk) 12:54, 5 July 2022 (UTC)
 * They added claims that are not in the sources.
 * They removed a paragraph sourced to academic literature with no explanation.
 * They added material without a source.
 * They added material using a source that doesn't meet Wikipedia's reliable sources guideline (which can be seen at WP:RS).

title: Talk:Baháʼí House of Worship