text:
User talk:Mcarling

Hello and welcome! Nice work in the physics area. Cheers! --mav 11:09 Jan 22, 2003 (UTC) see talk on 04 presSmith03 00:43, 18 Oct 2003 (UTC)

Hi Mcarling :) I hope you like the place and choose to stay.

Some links that may be of use:
 * Welcome, newcomers
 * How to edit a page
 * Village pump - ask questions you may have here, or leave a message on my talk page

You may want to look at Disambiguation. What I've done for now is just put both people on the same page at James Gray for now. They can be further disambig-ged in future, if needed.

Thanks Dysprosia 06:41, 21 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Thanks for the informative comment you left on my talk page. You may want to add some of it to Jim Jeffords. You can sign your name with ~. Cheers, Jiang

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Merger Proposal
I have proposed that the Theodora B. Nathan article you created be merged with Theodora Nathalia Nathan, because the two articles appear to be about the same person.--TommyBoy 08:03, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

I read your comments on Talk:Theodora Nathalia Nathan regarding my proposed merger. As noted on both article Talk pages, I bungled an earlier attempt to merge the two pages. If possible, could you execute the merger? If you are able to execute the merger please remove the listing from proposed mergers under the June, 2006 header. --TommyBoy 20:05, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

Beating
a beating is beating, don't "hide"

Expecting apologies from you
In the arbitration case regarding Transnistria you told that I engaged in unwaranted personal attacks. I am asking you either to prove what personal attack I made or to apologise from me.--MariusM 02:10, 7 June 2007 (UTC)
 * My apologies. I confused you with Dpotop, who made the personal attacks. Mcarling 06:52, 7 June 2007 (UTC)

Singapore Airlines fleet
This is to inform that the Singapore Airlines fleet article has been nominated for deletion by Russavia. Please refer to Articles for deletion/Singapore Airlines fleet (2nd nomination) and weigh in your opinion if you wish. Thank you!--Huaiwei 06:52, 9 October 2007 (UTC)

Singapore Airlines formal request for mediation
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Request for mediation accepted
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United States Presidential Election, 2008
Some internal inconsistencies now exist on "United States Presidential Election, 2008" with respect to the electoral college results for Missouri and for the 2nd Congressional District of Nebraska. As the article was originally your baby, you may want to look into and harmonize the situation with the latest vote returns. Rammer (talk) 03:54, 7 November 2008 (UTC)

Help needed: Sitakunda Upazila
I found you at the now defunct League of copyeditors, and I am really hoping that you can help the article. The article failed an FAC mostly because of irregularities in citation format. But, it also needs a brush up on the copy and a proof reading job. Sorry for dropping in uninvited, but would you consider helping it, please? Aditya (talk • contribs) 00:19, 3 February 2009 (UTC)

File:SingaporeSubmarineRescueShipMVSwiftRescue.jpg listed for deletion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:SingaporeSubmarineRescueShipMVSwiftRescue.jpg, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. —Bkell (talk) 03:26, 25 September 2011 (UTC)

Your invitation to participate in a Wikimedia-approved survey in online behavior.
Hello, my name is Michael Tsikerdekis, currently involved as a student in full time academic research at Masaryk University. I am writing to you to kindly invite you to participate in an online survey about interface and online collaboration on Wikipedia. The survey has been reviewed and approved by the Wikimedia Foundation Research Committee.

I am contacting you because you were randomly selected from a list of active editors. The survey should take about 7 to 10 minutes to complete, and it is very straightforward.

'''Wikipedia is an open project by nature. Let’s create new knowledge for everyone!''' :-)

To take part in the survey please follow the link: www.urcity.com/survey/index.php?user=61668218.

Best Regards, --Michael Tsikerdekis (talk) 12:05, 4 January 2012 (UTC)

PS: The results from the research will become available online for everyone and will be published in an open access journal.

Proposed merge involving Republican Primary articles.
An article that you have been involved in editing, Republican Party presidential candidates, 2012, has been proposed for a merge with Republican Party presidential primaries, 2012. If you are interested in the merge discussion, please participate by going here, and adding your comments on the discussion page. Thank you. Jack Bornholm (talk) 16:48, 10 February 2012 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Stanley Marathon

The article Stanley Marathon has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
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3RR warning
You should be aware that you are now at three reverts in 24 hours at Falkland Islands. Note that any further reverts may result in your being reported and blocked for edit warring. Note that it is possible in some circumstances to be blocked for edit warring even if you don't violate the three-revert rule. Kahastok talk 10:29, 4 June 2012 (UTC)

Eastern Region Line
You're right. ERL has to do with Changi Depot and will be electrified by third rail. So this is the image link you trying to mention: http://img31.imageshack.us/img31/91/416898692.jpg Sni56996 (talk) 09:32, 7 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Same document, but I linked to a version without all the highlighting. You should not be so quick to assume that something is unknown just because you don't know it -- especially after having been given a link to a good source, whether you are having problems following the link or not. Mcarling (talk) 09:41, 7 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Fine and sorry for that ... Sni56996 (talk) 09:46, 7 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Apology accepted. Thanks for all the good work you've done on the article this year.  Your youthful exuberance is appreciated. Mcarling (talk) 09:56, 7 September 2012 (UTC)

Note
Anyway, good job on improving the Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) article and etc. I appreciate your work all this while. Sni56996 (talk) 05:08, 9 September 2012 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for September 10
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Category:Political prisoners and detainees
Category:Political prisoners and detainees (and Category:Political prisoners and detainees of Russia), which you created, have been nominated for possible deletion, merging, or renaming. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments at the category's entry on the Categories for discussion page. Thank you. Cgingold (talk) 11:54, 12 September 2012 (UTC)

Allergic to "talk"?
Are you allergic to talk pages or just really like reverting other people's work? LCS is the class, which has two variants. --Sam (talk) 12:56, 21 October 2012 (UTC)

Dated statements
You may want a look at As of, and Template_messages/Cleanup Le Deluge (talk) 13:52, 18 February 2013 (UTC)

Your submission at Articles for creation
 North Autobahn, which you submitted to Articles for creation, has been created. You are more than welcome to continue making quality contributions to Wikipedia. . Thank you for helping improve Wikipedia! T C  N7 JM  20:34, 10 May 2013 (UTC)
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Hi Mcarling, I just wanted to let you know that I have granted the reviewer userright, allowing you to review other users' edits on certain flagged pages. The list of articles awaiting review is located at Special:PendingChanges. A full list of articles that have pending changes protection turned on will be at Special:StablePages.

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Feel free to leave me a message on my talk page if you have any questions. Happy editing! ~ Amory ( u  •  t  •  c ) 23:38, 11 May 2013 (UTC)

2013 Indian Premier League
Hi, thanks for revewing the pending edits on that page but unfortunately those edits you accepted were clearly vandalism, first one and second one. I hope you consider this mistake and also to look for vandalism when you review articles. Anyway, happy editing. Tolly 4  bolly  14:31, 13 May 2013 (UTC)

Talkback
Tolly 4  bolly  18:39, 13 May 2013 (UTC)

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Plumbat/Plumbatt
Hi. I redirected your article to the one that already existed at a different spelling but didn't transfer across any additional information that might be in yours. I thought it would be better for you to do that as you are familiar with the subject. Deb (talk) 11:40, 8 February 2014 (UTC)

User:CFredkin
Hi there - I see you've encountered issues with User:CFredkin, as I have just found in the article on the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership. Perhaps you'd like to have a look and comment on the discussion. Cheers,  Wik idea  17:31, 26 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Also I need you guys with real experience to take over here . This is the part where we can actually do something about this, and I'll support you who are much more experienced than I.  Thank you! — Smuckola (Email) (Talk) 23:37, 11 May 2014 (UTC)

Regard the MacBook Pro table
Hey there, I just saw the recent edit you've made on the MacBook Pro article and was wondering if the separation is necessary? Since the Early 2015 and Mid 2015 model only included 13" and 15" respectively, wouldn't it make the table easier to read with both of them merged into one column, like previously? Thanks — AYTK (talk) 21:15, 27 May 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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Proposed deletion of Senatorial constituencies of Zimbabwe

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Request for openion
Article Legitimacy (criminal law) has been requested to be moved to Legitimacy (law) requesting your openion at Talk:Legitimacy_(criminal_law)

Thanks and regards

Mahitgar (talk) 05:53, 4 July 2017 (UTC)

Your access to AWB may be temporarily removed
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Lawyers and law students' signatures needed for Supreme Court amicus brief in favor of publishing the law
Hello, given your userbox I thought you might be interested in helping Carl Malamud's case for the public domain, crucial also for Wikisource: https://boingboing.net/2019/04/25/happy-law-day.html. Best regards, Nemo 21:07, 25 April 2019 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Ashdod Interchange

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title: User talk:Mcarling


text:
Jules Bonnot

Jules Joseph Bonnot (14 October 1876 – 28 April 1912) was a French soldier, anarchist, bank robber, and murderer. He is notorious for his role in the French anarchist band "The Bonnot Gang" that committed many crimes in early 20th century Paris, France.

Born in Pont-de-Roide, France, Bonnot experienced many hardships in his youth, such as his mother dying when he was a child. Before his gang affiliation and time serving in the army, he had several run-ins with the law as a teenager. In 1887, he joined the French army as a mechanic, which resulted in an expertise in motor vehicles. After leaving the army, Jules Bonnot adopted anarchist ideas in response to his frustration with the bourgeois society and followed a philosophy called "Illegalism". Soon after, Bonnot formed the notorious "Bonnot Gang" in Paris, France with several fellow anarchists. They specialized in bank robberies utilizing motor vehicles to escape. From 1911-1912, the gang went on to commit many crimes around France that resulted in the deaths of many, including Bonnot's.

Early Life
Jules Bonnot was born on October 14, 1876 in Pont-de-Roide, France, a small commune in eastern France. His father labored as a smelter at a factory close to his childhood home. His father also struggled with alcoholism. When he was five years old, Jules' mother died, leaving his grandmother to raise him throughout his entire childhood. In school, Jules was very intelligent; however, he lacked work ethic and was described as "lazy" and "insolent" by one of his teachers.When Bonnot reached his adolescence, his father remarried. Jules' early life took a turn for the worse when his brother Justin drowned himself in the waters of a nearby river due to heartbreak. As Jules got older, he developed a short temper and got in several fights at a local bar when he would go out into town. He even spent several days in prison after severely beating another person. Like his father, Jules also worked in a local factory, but was promptly let go after robbing from the worksite, so he left for the town of Nancy, France in search of employment. When he was residing there, he was placed in jail for a period of three months after striking a members of the local police. As a result, his father ceased all communication with him for Jules had disappointed him.

At the age of twenty-one, he was conscripted into the French army for a mandatory three years. He served in the 133rd Line regiment that was stationed near Lyon, France. During his time serving, Jules behaved himself and gained experience with the intricacies of the motor vehicles within the unit. When he finished his three years, he became engaged to a seamstress from Vouvray, France in 1900, named Sophie-Louise Burdet. They were married in August of 1901, and they left to Bellegrade, France where Jules was employed at another factory. As a theme that was common in Jules' life, more tragic events unfolded. Sophie gave birth to a daughter in 1902 that only lived for four days. At the same time, Jules bounced around three different jobs but was fired for being violent and unruly towards his superiors. In 1903, Sophie gave birth to a son, who they named Justin after Jules' late brother. Later in 1903 when Jules' contracted a case of tuberculosis, his wife Sophie left him to live in Dijon, France with a lover. Despite Jules' calls for the custody of their son, Sophie refused every attempt and ceased all communication.

Adoption of Illegalism
In 1907, Bonnot began working at a factory as a mechanic in Lyon. As a result, he acquired a driver's license. Bonnot became frustrated with the constant unemployment and poverty. He felt that the new French society had turned its back on the common man, the worker, and the proletariat. During this time, he joined the local anarchist and individualist meetings and partook in counterfeiting, which he learned from several members of the group. The group was made up of like-minded individuals frustrated with the bourgeois and capitalistic society.

With another member of the anarchist group named Platano, Bonnot began burglarizing local companies and houses with the usage of his driver's license. According to Bonnot, the best way to fight against this new French society was to live outside the law and to get retribution against the wealthy. He began specializing in using motor vehicles to make a quick getaway from each incident. His group of anarchists burglarized many items that they rented a place out to store it all. In one particular occasion, Jules stole upwards of thirty-five thousand francs by utilizing the motor vehicle to great effect. He always considered himself as a professional burglar through his wealthy outfits, well-groomed appearance, and his swift robberies.

This philosophy that he and his anarchist partners adopted and lived by was Illegalism, a form of anarchism. In late 1911, the garages that held all the robbed items were discovered by the police. In response, both Jules and Platano fled to Paris. However, in a freak accident, Platano was fatally shot while fiddling around with his own pistol. As a result, blame was inevitably placed on Bonnot, for Platano had a considerable amount of money under his name. Jules Bonnot then became wanted for murder and burglary by the Lyon police.

The Bonnot Gang
Upon returning to Paris, Bonnot lacked money as most of the stolen items remained in Lyon. Jules Bonnot felt he had no other choice but to continue his life of crime because of his standing in society and the warrants for his arrest. Thus, he joined a group of anarchists that were known to write issues of “L'Anarchie”. Together with other local anarchists, they formed "The Bonnot Gang", an act of rebellion against their society. The group consisted of Edouard Carouy, André Soudy, Stephen Monier, René Valet, Raymond Callemin, Octave Garnier, and others: all local anarchists of French and Belgian descent. The common denominator among these perpetrators were their hatred of the bourgeois society and the warrants for their incarceration.

When Bonnot's frustration with the capitalistic society grew to a breaking point, he decided that bank robberies were the most suitable expression of the sentiments of the Illegalists. They began by robbing a rare luxury car, a Delaunay-Belleville, to serve as the getaway vehicle for their crimes. This theft, in particular, was a triumph for Bonnot because it proved to him that the bourgeois were vulnerable to their exploits. The gang then built up an arsenal of weapons and a collection of hiding spots from the police. In late December of 1911, the gang robbed and shot a bank messenger, stealing five thousand francs and bonds worth upwards of one hundred thousand francs. With this crime, several newspapers put up notices of a reward for the capture of the members of "The Bonnot Gang", and they were notorious among the general public of Paris as car bandits, an unprecedented new form of crime as motor vehicles had not been fully integrated into society at that point. This crime became known as one of the first robberies utilizing a motor vehicle to leave the crime scene. In light of their attacks against the capitalist society, the gang was able to garner support from some of the general public that sympathized with their hatred of the bourgeois. Jules Bonnot never considered himself as the leader of the gang because each member played a crucial role in each crime. However, because of his past notoriety and skills with motor vehicles, Jules was stamped as the face of the group.

The 1912 Crime Spree and Bonnot's Death
Once the year turned 1912, "The Bonnot Gang" were beginning their infamous series of crimes. In addition to France, the gang commenced expanding their crime to Belgium. In January, the gang murdered two elderly people in their houses and stole several thousands of francs. In Paris, they successfully sold stolen goods for eight thousand francs and robbed a wealthy residence. Later that month, several friends of the members of the gang were arrested and interrogated by the French police. Bonnot and Octave Garnier were able to evade capture during while they were in Lyon.

After taking a train to Paris and then traveling to Ghent, Garnier and Bonnot murdered a chauffeur and severely wounded a watchman as they attempted to steal two cars but returned to Paris emptyhanded in late January. While there, several members altered their appearance in order to evade arrest. Instead of laying low, Jules Bonnot and Garnier continued their bouts of crime, venturing into Belgium and southern France at times.

In late February, the duo traveled to a wealthy neighborhood of Paris and robbed another Delaunay-Belleville and changed the plates. While on their way to Southern France, the car broke down and was repaired. Bonnot, in a hurry after the delay, sped at significant speed and nearly caused an accident in a suburb of Paris. A police officer spotted their traffic infraction and attempted to stop the vehicle only to be mortally wounded. With Bonnot at the wheel, the gang's vehicle ran over and severely injured a young woman while in a haste to leave the scene. With the murder of the policeman, the French ramped up their efforts to round up the "bandits" and the general public was placed on high alert to report any suspicious activity directly to the French authorities.

In late March, the gang's attempted to rob vehicles owned by the bourgeois in two different instances and came up emptyhanded in both. As a result, the gang plotted to rob a car in broad daylight in the middle of a Parisian road. On March 25th, they targeted a newly purchased luxury limousine that was being delivered. When the limousine was most vulnerable in a suburb of Paris, Bonnot and Garnier shot the passengers and hijacked the vehicle. Immediately, the gang embarked towards a bank that was seventy kilometers away from the scene. They entered, shot three bank clerks, and got away from the French police with fifty thousand francs and without any confrontation.

After this event, all of the police force of France was placed on high alert and armed with revolvers in order to capture the gang once and for all. The infamy of the "Bonnot Gang" and the driving prowess of Bonnot was instilling fear in all of the French citizens. In the following days, some of the members of the "Bonnot Gang" were captured by the French police, and on April 24th, Bonnot, while in hiding, was surprised by French police. Bonnot quickly drew his weapon and murdered a policeman, wounded another, and evaded capture. However, four days later the police caught Bonnot hiding in a residence in Choisy-le-Roi. Jules Bonnot bunkered himself in the house while under siege by upwards of five hundred police men. He was able to wound three officers and fend off the force before the front of the residence was blown up with dynamite. From there, Bonnot was shot ten times before finally being captured. The next day, April 28th, 1912, Jules Bonnot succumbed to his injuries and died in his hospital bed. He was not the only member of the gang to be killed. Rene Valet and Octave Garnier were killed the next month by French police in a shootout.

Legacy
After his death, the gang's and Bonnot's notoriety was immortalized in French history forever. His expertise in automobile theft and the usage of these vehicles to facilitate an escape from a crime were a precedent for future crimes. The remaining members of the gang was tried for their crimes and many of them were executed as a result of their actions. In the days after Bonnot's death, many anarchists in Paris attempted their own robberies on bourgeois vehicles and proclaimed their Illegalist views in support of the gang. These acts of crime were met with a swift response from the Paris police in order to discourage any more criminals from recreating the gang's crime spree. Any proletariat that stated their support for Bonnot were jailed instantly to discourage any rebellion against the upper class. Bonnot was either seen as a martyr for the fight against the bourgeois or a tyrant that was a threat to the stability of society. The French bourgeois made many efforts to shun any attempt to tear down the upper class. After the events of 1912, most viewed Jules Bonnot as a terrorist that committed many crimes to instill his ideology into the social framework.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Jules Bonnot


text:
Bonnot Gang

The Bonnot Gang (La Bande à Bonnot) or The Tragic Bandits (Les Bandes Tragiques) was a French criminal anarchist group that operated in France and Belgium during the late Belle Époque, from 1911 to 1912. Composed of individuals who identified with the emerging illegalist milieu, the gang used new technology, such as cars and repeating rifles not then available to the police.

Originally referred to by the press as simply "The Auto Bandits," as its members carried out the first motorized robberies and bank raids in world history. The group also earned the moniker "Les bandes tragiques" from the press due to a sense of the group's "desperate courage," who were painted as tragic-comic figures for their working-class origins and espoused anarchist politics. But ultimately the gang became known by the title of "The Bonnot Gang" after Jules Bonnot gave an interview at the office of Le Petit Parisien, a popular daily paper. Bonnot's perceived prominence within the group was later reinforced by his high-profile death during a shootout with French police in Choisy-le-Roi.

While many of the gang's members originated from regions across France and Belgium, such as Lyon, Brussels, Charleroi, Alais, they congregated in the city of Paris. Only some decades after the Commune of 1871 and the wave of anarchist terrorism of the 1890s, and not long after the General Strike of 1906 organized by the Confédération Générale du Travail (CGT), Paris was a hotbed of anarchist debate and organizing, with ongoing bitter disagreements between the anarcho-individualists (such as the illegalists) and anarcho-communists and -syndicalists.

Crime spree
The first robbery by Bonnot's Gang was on 21 December 1911 at the AB Branch of Société Générale Bank, located at 148 rue Ordener in the 18th Arrondissement of Paris. They shot a collection clerk in the neck and lung (yet he survived) and snatched his cash bags.

On March 25, 1912, the gang stole a de Dion-Bouton automobile in the Forest of Sénart south of Paris by shooting the driver through the heart. They drove into Chantilly, north of Paris, where they robbed the local branch of Société Générale Bank, and fatally shot two bank cashiers and severely wounded a bookkeeper.

Sûreté Chief Xavier Guichard took the matter personally. Even politicians became concerned, increasing police funding by 800,000 francs. Banks began to prepare for forthcoming robberies and many cashiers armed themselves. The Société Générale promised a reward of 100,000 francs for information that would lead to arrests.

Gang members included

 * Émile Bachelet
 * Barthélémy Baraille
 * David Bélonie
 * Kléber Bénard
 * Émile Bill
 * Jules Bonnot
 * Sophie Burdet
 * Raymond Callemin
 * Édouard Carouy
 * Henri Crozat de Fleury
 * Jean de Boë
 * Jean Dettweiller
 * Eugène Dieudonné
 * Anna Dondon
 * Jean Dubois (anarchist)
 * Octave Garnier
 * Antoine Gauzy
 * Bernard Gorodesky
 * Boniface Grau
 * Louise Hutteaux
 * Pierre Jourdan
 * Victor Serge
 * Barbe Le Clerc'h
 * Rirette Maîtrejean
 * Marius Metge
 * Étienne Monier
 * Jean-Baptiste Pancrazi
 * Joseph Platano
 * Jean-Marcel Poyer
 * Charles Reinert
 * Louis Rimbault
 * Léon Rodriguez
 * André Soudy
 * Judith Thollon
 * René Valet
 * Marie Vuillemin

See more

 * Illegalism
 * Individualist anarchism
 * Expropriative anarchism
 * Propaganda of the deed
 * La Bande à Bonnot, 1968 film
 * Les Brigades du Tigre
 * Les Vampires, 1915–16 serial
 * Flavio Costantini, Italian painter who featured the Bonnot Gang in his works.
 * Left-wing terrorism

Film

 * Bandits en automobile, 1912 docudrama by Victorin-Hippolyte Jasset
 * Episode of Val-de-Marne TV "Histories of the Marne" dedicated to the Bonnot Gang

title: Bonnot Gang


text: User:Treenaks~enwiki

title: User:Treenaks~enwiki


text:
User talk:Treenaks~enwiki

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! --mav

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Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 03:12, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 19:57, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Treenaks~enwiki


text:
Potsdam Giants

The Potsdam Giants was the name given to Prussian infantry regiment No 6. The regiment was composed of taller-than-average soldiers, and was founded in 1675. It was eventually dissolved in 1806, after the Prussians were defeated by Napoleon. Throughout the reign of the Prussian king Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia (1688–1740), the unit was known as the "Potsdamer Riesengarde" ("giant guard of Potsdam") in German, but the Prussian population quickly nicknamed them the Lange Kerls ("long fellows").

Regiment's history
The Regiment was founded with a strength of two battalions in 1675 as “Regiment Kurprinz” under the command of Prince Frederick of Brandenburg, the later King Frederick I of Prussia. In 1688 the later King Frederick William I of Prussia became the nominal Commander of the Regiment. After Frederick William I ascended to the throne in 1713, he proceeded to strengthen his military, including hiring 40,000 mercenaries. He had already begun to recruit taller soldiers and needed several hundred more recruits each year.

As the number of tall soldiers increased, the regiment earned its nickname "Potsdam Giants". The original required height was 6 Prussian feet (about 6 ft), well above average then and now. The king was about 1.60 m tall himself. He tried to obtain them by any means, including recruiting them from the armies of other countries. The Emperor of Austria, Russian Tsar Peter the Great and even the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire sent him tall soldiers in order to encourage friendly relations. Several soldiers were given by Tsar Peter I as a gift in return for the famous Amber Room. Pay was high, but not all giants were content, especially if they were forcibly recruited, and some attempted desertion or suicide.

Frederick tried to pair these men with tall women, in order to breed giants. In The Descent of Man, Charles Darwin mentions this attempt as the only case of intentional selective breeding in humans: "Nor have certain male and female individuals been intentionally picked out and matched, except in the well-known case of the Prussian grenadiers; and in this case man obeyed, as might have been expected, the law of methodical selection; for it is asserted that many tall men were reared in the villages inhabited by the grenadiers with their tall wives."

Although Prussia briefly intervened in the Great Northern War, the Potsdam Giants never saw battle during his reign. Some sources state that there was a military reason to create a regiment of "long fellows" because loading a muzzleloader is easier to handle for a taller soldier. Another source states that many of the men were unfit for combat due to their gigantism.

The king trained and drilled his own regiment every day. He liked to paint their portraits from memory. He tried to show them to foreign visitors and dignitaries to impress them. At times he would try to cheer himself up by ordering them to march before him, even if he was in his sickbed. This procession, which included the entire regiment, was led by their mascot, a bear. He once confided to the French ambassador that "The most beautiful girl or woman in the world would be a matter of indifference to me, but tall soldiers—they are my weakness". Their uniform was not in any way unique for the time, consisting of a red mitre, a Prussian blue jacket with gold lacing, scarlet breeches and white gaiters.

One of the tallest soldiers, the Irishman James Kirkland, was reportedly 2.17 m in height. Kirkland's fellow Irishman, the poet Tomás Ó Caiside, also served in the regiment. Daniel Cajanus, the famous Swedish/Finnish giant, was also a member of the regiment.

When the king died in 1740, the regiment consisted of 3,200 men. However, his successor Frederick the Great did not share his father's sentiments about the regiment, which seemed to him an unnecessary expense. The regiment was largely disbanded and most of its soldiers were integrated into other units. The regiment itself was downgraded to a battalion (Garde – Grenadier No. 6) and employed during the War of the Austrian Succession at Hohenfriedberg in 1745 and at Rossbach, Leuthen, Hochkirch, Liegnitz, and Torgau throughout the Seven Years' War. The battalion surrendered near Erfurt and Prenzlau after the Prussian defeat at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt in 1806 and was disbanded and absorbed into the 1st Guard Regiment on foot.

title: Potsdam Giants


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