text:
Talk:Dragonlance

/Archive 1

Indonesian
I ran across this rather odd statement:
 * Hickman had previously preached as a Mormon missionary in Java for two years, and uses Indonesian in Dragonlance spells.

Naively, one might read this to mean that one must learn Indonesian in order to cast the spells. Is it instead is a reference to the spell names within the rulesbook?—RJH (talk) 23:09, 16 June 2010 (UTC)
 * It's a reference to the fact that the words used in the spells incorporate elements of the Indonesian language, I believe. Doniago (talk) 01:07, 17 June 2010 (UTC)
 * A look at the original source should clear that up. 24.148.0.83 (talk) 01:25, 17 June 2010 (UTC)

Confusing Section
I have edited the area that was marked as confusing to make it sound better. It is the "Characters" section. Any objections to the way I edited it? If not, I'll remove the "Confusing Paragraph" marker in a few days.Vyselink (talk) 12:59, 29 March 2011 (UTC)
 * I think it makes a lot more sense now, and it's neat to read the full quote! 129.33.19.254 (talk) 14:01, 29 March 2011 (UTC)

Merger with Creation (Dragonlance)
The creation of Krynn is not a sufficiently notable concept for an article on the subject to stand on its own. As such, Creation (Dragonlance) should be merged here. Neelix (talk) 21:12, 3 April 2012 (UTC)
 * I agree. That entire article is written from an in-universe perspective, with zero real world context, and it's been tagged as such for three and a half years.  That detailed history could definitely be merged into the history portion of this article. —Torchiest talkedits 14:54, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
 * So far, when Neelix has done a "merge", it has been more like a redirect. 129.33.19.254 (talk) 15:06, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
 * And this case would likely be no different; the Creation (Dragonlance) article is rampant with original research tags and no statements are directly sourced. If information about the creation of Krynn is going to be added to the Dragonlance article, it would be safer to find new information to add than to select a statement from the Creation (Dragonlance) article and hope it's accurate. Neelix (talk) 20:43, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
 * If we knew who had added the sources, we could get them to help source individual statements from the two sources already listed. —Torchiest talkedits 20:45, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
 * That was a while ago: and . 129.33.19.254 (talk) 22:44, 4 April 2012 (UTC)

Comics
Needs at least some sort of coverage of the Dragonlance comics published by DC, or at least a mention.76.226.202.223 (talk) 02:10, 16 June 2012 (UTC)
 * I agree! 99.126.204.164 (talk) 02:40, 16 June 2012 (UTC)

Merge
We should go ahead with a merge on this one. Web Warlock (talk) 16:44, 8 October 2012 (UTC)
 * On which one? 129.33.19.254 (talk) 16:47, 8 October 2012 (UTC)
 * still looking for a good place. Web Warlock (talk) 16:57, 8 October 2012 (UTC)

Timeline Inconsistencies
I noticed while reading this that there was at least one glaring inconsistency regarding the development of the setting. Specifically, the article states 'TSR created Dragonlance as a campaign setting for the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons (AD&D) roleplaying game in 1982. They published the first sourcebook, Dragonlance Adventures, in 1987.' Am I mistaken in thinking this is wrong? Should it be reworded? Just a thought. Voraxith (talk) 18:33, 31 December 2012 (UTC)
 * I see what you are saying. Reading the rest of the article will shine a light on that for clarity.  The Hickmans devised the Dragonlance setting in 1982 when Tracy was hired by TSR, and TSR went ahead with getting Tracy and Margaret Weis to work on writing.  The first novel and the first adventure module were finally released in 1984. I'm guessing that there were no actual RPG materials for Dragonlance other than the adventures at first? That would mean that the 1987 Dragonlance Aventures book was indeed the first Dragonlance RPG sourcebook. BOZ (talk) 18:59, 31 December 2012 (UTC)

Maybe it would be better worded like such "TSR created the Dragonlance campaign concept (or some other similar word) in 1982, with the first sourcebook, Dragonlance Adventures, being published in 1987" or something like that? Vyselink (talk) 19:27, 31 December 2012 (UTC)

bad linking?
the Characters section has a link for Heroes of the Lance, but this redirects to a video game, rather than anything that explains who the heroes are. and I do not think that a video game is one of the characters of the setting. Maybe it should link to the characters page, but it is alphabetical and really doesnt have a list of the heroes. maybe the character list page could include those heroes at the front to give at least the protagonists names and then people can see them in the alphabetical list rather than having to see the list on the video game page? shadzar-talk 05:49, 21 December 2013 (UTC)
 * Ask Hahnchen, as that is the user who redirected it to the video game. 2601:D:9400:3CD:CCA3:BBBD:46FE:DF58 (talk) 18:15, 21 December 2013 (UTC)
 * Search for Heroes of the Lance on Google. Top hits are for the game, which is a notable subject in its own right, with a standalone article.  Whereas the List of Dragonlance characters article is in-universe fan service, which even if it were arranged so that Heroes of the Lance were not a 2 line stub, would still be unsuited as an encyclopedia article. - hahnch e n 18:49, 22 December 2013 (UTC)
 * The lead has been edited to link directly to List of Dragonlance characters, it's the second time in that paragraph that we link to the same article though, it's probably unnecessary. - hahnch e n 18:52, 22 December 2013 (UTC)
 * probably not needed to link twice in one section, but having a link in a section about "characters" to a video game is misleading. your attitude and the fact that Google has the video game as its "top hit" for the phrase in now way means that it should be the only thing ever linked to because of popularity when such a phrase is used. you should always link to something based on the context it is being used in. if linking to the video games is needed, then maybe a section for them is in order for the Dragonlance article. maybe if someone expanding the group section on the list of characters page to name who belongs to the group and then link to that section via the characters if a link from this article to it is needed. it could only improve the list article itself by not having to go to the video game to find out who that group mentioned actually is. whether it needs to be linked is entirely up to all of you still working on the project. it just didnt feel right linking to the video game form the Characters section is all i was saying. shadzar-talk 11:26, 25 December 2013 (UTC)

Genesis LPMud
Krynn/Ansalon is used as one of the domains in the Genesis LPMud game. I think that is a fitting example of how Dragonlance has spread outside D&D, and therefore should be put in the Media section to other video games based on Krynn. User:Doniago has demanded secondary sources to prove the significance of that. I think it would be nice to have secondary sources (Maloni, Kelly; Baker, Derek; Wice, Nathaniel (1994). Net Games. Random House / Michael Wolff & Company, Inc. ISBN 0-679-75592-6 might have something to say about that, but I do not have access to that), but in my opinion it is still within the limits of "In popular culture" content with the Genesis LPMud as a source only, because 1) that homepage verifies the statement and 2) Krynn/Ansalon is a "prominent setting" in the Genesis LPMud game, it is not a "passing mention". Any thoughts on that? Of course if anyone could check Net Games, that might bring us forward a lot here without discussion. Daranios (talk) 20:09, 18 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Hrm. I have concerns that Genesis itself isn't a notable game; I looked at the linked article and a number of the sources are the MUD itself. I don't really want to go combing through it, but I think the best solution, as noted, would be an independent source that noted the fact that Ansalon appears in the game, whether it's Net Games or a different one. DonIago (talk) 03:33, 19 May 2014 (UTC)

Proposed merge with List of Dragonlance modules and sourcebooks
If these modules cannot be sourced to reliable, secondary sources, then this content should be abridged and added to the main article, or otherwise removed altogether. czar 21:08, 6 February 2016 (UTC)
 * The page is a full listing with references, and seems fine as a stand alone page. Randy Kryn 00:28 1 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Agreed. No need for the merge. And with no support after seven months, I'm removing the tag. oknazevad (talk) 12:25, 27 September 2016 (UTC)

Date of shift to Age of Mortals
The end of the first section of the page includes the following:

"Since February 2009, the fifth age, the Age of Mortals, has been used."

I believe that date is incorrect - both the Sovereign Press products and before that the Saga System were set in the Age of Mortals (for evidence, see the publication date of https://www.amazon.com/Age-Mortals-Dragonlance-Campaign-Companion/dp/1931567107 and the publication date and Setting section of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragonlance:_Fifth_Age).

Thanks,

Wanderer792 (talk) 06:11, 16 February 2017 (UTC)
 * It's probably out of date, too. Any sourced information you can provide would be helpful. 73.168.15.161 (talk) 12:14, 16 February 2017 (UTC)

Thanks. I'll see what I can come up with. Wanderer792 (talk) 00:27, 19 February 2017 (UTC)

Wolf, Nadine (2010). Religious Concepts in Fantasy Literature.
This entire source is a self-published (Grin publishing is not in any sense a real publishing house) Master's thesis. It should be removed for not even coming close to meeting the WP standards for an RS, specifically WP:RSSELF. I'm going to remove it, and put a citation needed tag for the information that it currently provides in the hope to find better sources. Vyselink (talk) 18:13, 24 November 2018 (UTC)
 * For reference, the source that you removed was added in 2013 by User:Torchiest. BOZ (talk) 20:43, 24 November 2018 (UTC)

Yeah that's fine. Not blaming anyone, I assumed it was a good faith edit. It's just not a RS. Vyselink (talk) 14:32, 25 November 2018 (UTC)

Proposed merge of Kender (Dragonlance) into Dragonlance
Most of the sources in the article appear to be primary, so it does not appear to meet WP:GNG. The current development info should still be mentioned somewhere, so the main article seems like a good place to merge it. TTN (talk) 12:55, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose: The main Dragonlance article is not a suitable destination for the Kender article. I would support Merge with List of Dragonlance creatures. Deagol2 (talk) 13:25, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose: The sources available show that there is potential room for improvement. BOZ (talk) 12:35, 28 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Weak Support: If there was more evidence that kender have received any substantive third-party coverage, I'd likely Oppose this, but right now it seems to be a well-developed article, but one that ultimately fails to demonstrate that anyone outside the developers have ultimately taken much note of kender. If there's room for improvement, then this would be the time to move that from the theoretical to the practical. DonIago (talk) 12:57, 28 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Support due to a lack of third-party coverage. Open minded about the merge target, as per Deagol2. Shooterwalker (talk) 17:58, 29 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose in line with Deagol2, if this is to be removed as a separate page (which appears to be a good idea to me) it doesn't belong in the main article but the creatures article, although it would need to be edited to make it a bit smaller, IMO. Vyselink (talk) 21:05, 30 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Strongly Oppose because this is one of the main races in a long-running fantasy universe with over 190 novels and hundreds of other roleplaying campaign setting materials in one of the two main Dungeons & Dragons campaign settings. I notice that it has a "Top" importance rating from the Dungeons & Dragons WikiProject and is rated as "Good Article" by all projects. It is also a well-developed article that has been on Wikipedia for decades and has numerous contributors. Complaining about "lack of third party coverage" in academic and journalistic sources seems overly pandantic in this case, and a Google search does show plenty of third party coverage in other types of venues. By that same logic, we would have to delete all Dragonlance-related articles on Wikipedia except the main one, and almost all monsters and creatures unique to Dungeons & Dragons as well. Ash-Gaar (talk) 06:33, 15 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Well, many Dragonlance and D&D-related articles have been deleted just on that grounds, like List of Dragonlance artifacts and the above mentioned List of Dragonlance creatures. As one can see from these examples, we should be aware that there are editors out there who will look very closely if there is enough third party coverage. So if we want to keep this one, any reasonable secondary sources, be they from Google hits or, preferably, academic and journalistic sources, about the topic should be added. (BTW, the discussion is linked from the Kender article here to Talk:Dragonlance, so I think the "Top" importance and "Good Article" Ash-Gaar noticed probably refers to Dragonlance, while the Kender article is rated B-class and low importance.) Daranios (talk) 10:44, 15 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Support for Delete due to lack of third-party sources, and we need to remind ourselves Wikipedia isn't a fansite either.Blue Pumpkin Pie Chat Contribs 13:32, 15 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Huh, but what about the third-party sources that are already in the article? Daranios (talk) 10:22, 16 October 2020 (UTC)
 * I'm actually very curious about what you consider "Third-party sources". A lot of what I see are strategy guides or lore explaining the content. Nothing about analyzing Kenders from a real-world perspective or noting that they have any cultural impact, or not even if they are involved in any real-world controversy. So when you say "but what about the third-party sources that are already in the article", what sources are you referring to?Blue Pumpkin Pie Chat Contribs 13:48, 16 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Third party sources present are the White Dwarf article, Dungeons & Desktops, Designers & Dragons, and the very short bit in De Palmas Jauze's thesis. Not sure if the interview counts. I am not sure if this is the right time and place to go into this, but I think the kind of quality you expect is more relevant for the question if this should get a separate article than if something has a place within another article of proven notability. Or, in other words, between Keep and Merge, not between Keep and Delete. Daranios (talk) 14:22, 16 October 2020 (UTC)
 * If the content gets "Merged", it will be reduced heavily and cut-down to just the bare essentials such as "Conception and development" as that is the only real-world content worth keeping.Blue Pumpkin Pie Chat Contribs 14:33, 16 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Oh, I agree that if a merge decision should be reached, the content would have to be significantly reduced in a merge. However, it is contrary to Wikipedia's guidelines that "only real-world content (is) worth keeping". If you look at, e.g. WP:PLOT, it says an article about a fictional element should contain real-world content "in addition to concise summaries". Personally, I am at this point undecided if a keeping or merging would be better. But don't see any way in which wholesale deletion should make Wikipedia better. Daranios (talk) 15:24, 16 October 2020 (UTC)
 * There are three major sections "Conception and Development", "Description", and "Notable Kenders". Description and Notable Kenders are mostly trivial and lack any substantial information. So what "plot" is worth keeping from Kenders?Blue Pumpkin Pie Chat Contribs 16:30, 16 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Again, it's not decided yet. But if there was to be a merge, I would say, aside from "Conception and Development", a much condensed version of the description section should go into the target article. Descriptions of the kender are supported by secondary sources. And if there is an article (or section thereof) about a fictional entity, it would be incomplete if there was no description of that entity. - Just like a Wikipedia article about a novel, that would give us all about it's cultural impact, but nothing about its plot, would be incomplete and a disservice to the reader. Daranios (talk) 18:15, 16 October 2020 (UTC)
 * I'm sure a brief description of what Kenders are going to be there. But 90% of that is still very trivial in the grand-scheme of the Dragonlance article if it does ever get merged. Also, I don't accept analogies that are not 1 for 1. A novel, and a whole fictional campaign that spawns multiple novels and tabletop games that are not all interconnected or related isn't the same thing as not having a "plot" section in an article dedicated to 1 piece of media.Blue Pumpkin Pie Chat Contribs 18:22, 16 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Ah, sorry about being unclear, seems to be jargon from too many discussions: With "plot-summary", when talking about a fictional entity, I meant anything in-universe. But as long as we all see at least some percents worth preserving, let's please not delete it! Let's get back to the discussion about merge: Should we keep the article, because the subject has the potential to be improved, or should it be merged because it doesn't? By the way, A Practical Guide to Dragons is another third-party source featuring a kender. Daranios (talk) 18:47, 16 October 2020 (UTC)
 * When I say "Third Party Sources", I'm looking for proof that "Kenders" the race is actually notable. Basically a "Reception" or "Cultural Impact" or even a "Controversy" section. Some outside yet recognized source analyzing Kender race. So a guidebook may be good but I don't think it's going to prove it's notable.
 * To me, 90% to 80% would be deleted and reduced. I don't see more than 2 paragraphs being preserved.Blue Pumpkin Pie Chat Contribs 19:20, 16 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Kender are notable as a race of multiple New York Best seller novels by Hickman and Weis, who were set to release another trilogy, until the recent events causing a lawsuit from them towards WotC (see below). Their divergence from normal halflings and to a more familiar "Hobbit" style race led to controversies, but it would take time for people to find those other references in print material as this happened during a time prior to the internet. shadzar-talk 05:36, 20 October 2020 (UTC)
 * IF they have a real-world controversy then its definitely something to look into and keep the article.Blue Pumpkin Pie Chat Contribs 18:54, 26 October 2020 (UTC)

WotC sued by Hickman and Weis
I will let the smarter people with legal matters include this here or elsewhere in the Dragonlance related pages. https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/7245020-Weis.html shadzar-talk 05:32, 20 October 2020 (UTC)
 * The lawsuit has already been included with 3 articles as citations (under Further development) instead of the lawsuit itself as a source. I also added this to the WoTC article & the D&D controversies article. Here are the sources:
 * * https://comicbook.com/gaming/news/dungeons-dragons-dragonlance-margaret-weis-lawsuit/
 * * https://www.polygon.com/2020/10/19/21523673/dragonlance-authors-weis-hickman-sue-wizards-of-the-coast-dungeons-and-dragons
 * * https://boingboing.net/2020/10/19/margaret-weis-and-tracy-hickman-sue-wizards-of-the-coast-after-it-abandons-new-dragonlance-trilogy.html
 * Sariel Xilo (talk) 05:52, 20 October 2020 (UTC)

The lawsuit & announcement were already added to the article under Further development. Sariel Xilo (talk) 02:00, 27 January 2021 (UTC)

Races and Racism
With a recent addition to the Dragonlance page I wanted to introduce the analysis of races and racism - a known controversy about Dungeons & Dragons - done in academic secondary sources. For Dragonlance this controversy ends so far on positive note, that the setting critizes racist tendencies and emphasizes the need for different fictional species to work together to avert disaster. My edits were undone as "obviously harmful claims of racism". This was not at all my intention, so I clearly was not sucessfull in my presentation and summary of the secondary sources. I wish the anonymous IP editor who changed it would join this discussion to straighten things out.

In general I ask anyone for input how this topic could be presented in a better and unambiguous way based on the secondary sources I have used. Thanks everyone! Daranios (talk) 16:21, 26 October 2020 (UTC)

 * No, you should not be adding racist, deranged Marxist trash like this into pop culture articles. The moron who wrote that source actually uses the word "intersectional" in the title of his work. These are the type of people crying on Twitter because orcs are depicted as evil. Garbage like this should not be given the light of day, per WP:Fringe and WP:Undue. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 118.99.100.254 (talk) 04:25, 16 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Sorry to hear about what you're going though, man. 2601:243:1C80:6740:59CF:B77D:BCE8:D61D (talk) 13:42, 16 January 2021 (UTC)

Races - focused on "white" humans?
Excuse me? Why is the color of Dragonlance's human's skin mentioned here? And if it does, why not for the other races? If anything, the whole thing is focused on Copper/Bronze/Golden Bozaks =D. Come on, no need to bring your nonsense [51] Young, Helen (2016). Race and Popular Fantasy Literature: Habits of Whiteness. New York, Oxon: Routledge. p. 42-43, 93. ISBN 978-1-138-85023-1 "book" in here.

45.94.118.118 (talk) 16:12, 11 October 2022 (UTC)

 * Presumably because that is what the referenced sources discuss. If there are sources with another viewpoint, you are welcome to add them. Deagol2 (talk) 16:59, 11 October 2022 (UTC)
 * My point, if it was not obvious in the first place is that not every "source" should be brought in here with all the questionable ideas from that "source". As far as I recall (although not having memorized all the Dragonlance books by heart) it does not focus on "white" humans. It does not even focus on "humans" for that matter, and even if it did, "humans" there are not "humans" here, "humans" there are in the set of elves, bozaks, kenders, dragons; colour of their skin is irrelevant (although color of dragon's or bozak's scales is relevant). 45.94.118.118 (talk) 14:12, 17 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Does the setting focus primarily on non-white humans? 208.47.202.254 (talk) 19:13, 11 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Nope, it focuses on Dragons, Bozaks and magical spears which kill them... And also kenders. Of course, it all depends on a point of view, but it very definitely does not focus on <<"white" humans>> or <<"non-white" humans>>. 45.94.118.118 (talk) 14:13, 17 October 2022 (UTC)
 * The anonymous IP is correct. These sources although verifiable, are given undue weight of their opinion being fact. We can make note that reviewers or analysts have made the opinion of it focusing on white humans, but it shouldn't be presented so a general fact. WP:UNDUEWEIGHT applies.Blue Pumpkin Pie (talk) 14:24, 17 October 2022 (UTC)
 * I have no objections, but isn't that what the section already does with "...some critics have suggested..."? Deagol2 (talk) 18:14, 17 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Any commentary or opinions on the subject should be moved to Reception or an Analysis section if there's enough content to make such a section. Considering theres only two sources so far, "some critics" is innacurate.Blue Pumpkin Pie (talk) 18:29, 17 October 2022 (UTC)

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text:
Timeline of quantum computing and communication

This is a timeline of quantum computing.

1968

 * Stephen Wiesner invents conjugate coding (published in ACM SIGACT News 15(1): 78–88).

1970

 * James Park articulates the no-cloning theorem.

1973

 * Alexander Holevo publishes a paper showing that n qubits can carry more than n classical bits of information, but at most n classical bits are accessible (a result known as "Holevo's theorem" or "Holevo's bound").
 * Charles H. Bennett shows that computation can be done reversibly.

1975

 * R. P. Poplavskii publishes "Thermodynamical models of information processing" (in Russian) which shows the computational infeasibility of simulating quantum systems on classical computers, due to the superposition principle.

1976

 * Roman Stanisław Ingarden, a Polish mathematical physicist, publishes the paper "Quantum Information Theory" in Reports on Mathematical Physics, vol. 10, pp. 43–72, 1976 (The paper was submitted in 1975). It is one of the first attempts at creating a quantum information theory, showing that Shannon information theory cannot directly be generalized to the quantum case, but rather that it is possible to construct a quantum information theory, which is a generalization of Shannon's theory, within the formalism of a generalized quantum mechanics of open systems and a generalized concept of observables (the so-called semi-observables).

1980

 * Paul Benioff describes the first quantum mechanical model of a computer. In this work, Benioff showed that a computer could operate under the laws of quantum mechanics by describing a Schrödinger equation description of Turing machines, laying a foundation for further work in quantum computing. The paper was submitted in June 1979 and published in April 1980.
 * Yuri Manin briefly motivates the idea of quantum computing.
 * Tommaso Toffoli introduces the reversible Toffoli gate, which (together with initialized ancilla bits) is functionally complete for reversible classical computation.

1981

 * At the first Conference on the Physics of Computation, held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in May, Paul Benioff and Richard Feynman give talks on quantum computing. Benioff's built on his earlier 1980 work showing that a computer can operate under the laws of quantum mechanics. The talk was titled “Quantum mechanical Hamiltonian models of discrete processes that erase their own histories: application to Turing machines”. In Feynman's talk, he observed that it appeared to be impossible to efficiently simulate an evolution of a quantum system on a classical computer, and he proposed a basic model for a quantum computer.

1982

 * Paul Benioff further develops his original model of a quantum mechanical Turing machine.
 * William Wootters and Wojciech Zurek, and independently Dennis Dieks rediscover the no-cloning theorem of James Park.

1984

 * Charles Bennett and Gilles Brassard employ Wiesner's conjugate coding for distribution of cryptographic keys.

1985

 * David Deutsch, at the University of Oxford, describes the first universal quantum computer. Just as a Universal Turing machine can simulate any other Turing machine efficiently (Church–Turing thesis), so the universal quantum computer is able to simulate any other quantum computer with at most a polynomial slowdown.
 * Asher Peres points out the need for quantum error correction schemes and discusses a repetition code for amplitude errors.

1988

 * Yoshihisa Yamamoto and K. Igeta propose the first physical realization of a quantum computer, including Feynman's CNOT gate. Their approach uses atoms and photons and is the progenitor of modern quantum computing and networking protocols using photons to transmit qubits and atoms to perform two-qubit operations.

1989

 * Gerard J. Milburn proposes a quantum-optical realization of a Fredkin gate.
 * Bikas K. Chakrabarti & collaborators from Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India, propose that quantum fluctuations could help explore rugged energy landscapes by escaping from local minima of glassy systems having tall but thin barriers by tunneling (instead of climbing over using thermal excitations), suggesting the effectiveness of quantum annealing over classical simulated annealing.

1991

 * Artur Ekert at the University of Oxford, proposes entanglement-based secure communication.

1992

 * David Deutsch and Richard Jozsa propose a computational problem that can be solved efficiently with the deterministic Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm on a quantum computer, but for which no deterministic classical algorithm is possible. This was perhaps the earliest result in the computational complexity of quantum computers, proving that they were capable of performing some well-defined computational task more efficiently than any classical computer.
 * Ethan Bernstein and Umesh Vazirani propose the Bernstein–Vazirani algorithm. It is a restricted version of the Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm where instead of distinguishing between two different classes of functions, it tries to learn a string encoded in a function. The Bernstein–Vazirani algorithm was designed to prove an oracle separation between complexity classes BQP and BPP.
 * Research groups at Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics (Garching) and shortly after at NIST (Boulder) experimentally realize the first crystallized strings of laser-cooled ions. Linear ion crystals constitute the qubit basis for most quantum computing and simulation experiments with trapped ions.

1993

 * Dan Simon, at Université de Montréal, invent an oracle problem, Simon's problem, for which a quantum computer would be exponentially faster than a conventional computer. This algorithm introduces the main ideas which were then developed in Peter Shor's factorization algorithm.

1994

 * Peter Shor, at AT&T's Bell Labs in New Jersey, publishes Shor's algorithm. It would allow a quantum computer to factor large integers quickly. It solves both the factoring problem and the discrete log problem. The algorithm can theoretically break many of the cryptosystems in use today. Its invention sparked a tremendous interest in quantum computers.
 * The first United States Government workshop on quantum computing is organized by NIST in Gaithersburg, Maryland, in autumn.
 * Isaac Chuang and Yoshihisa Yamamoto propose a quantum-optical realization of a quantum computer to implement Deutsch's algorithm. Their work introduced dual-rail encoding for photonic qubits.
 * In December, Ignacio Cirac, at University of Castilla-La Mancha at Ciudad Real, and Peter Zoller at the University of Innsbruck propose an experimental realization of the controlled-NOT gate with cold trapped ions.

1995

 * The first United States Department of Defense workshop on quantum computing and quantum cryptography is organized by United States Army physicists Charles M. Bowden, Jonathan P. Dowling, and Henry O. Everitt; it took place in February at the University of Arizona in Tucson.
 * Peter Shor proposes the first schemes for quantum error correction.
 * Christopher Monroe and David Wineland at NIST (Boulder, Colorado) experimentally realize the first quantum logic gate – the controlled-NOT gate – with trapped ions, following the Cirac-Zoller proposal.
 * independently, Subhash Kak and Ronald Chrisley propose the first quantum neural network

1996

 * Lov Grover, at Bell Labs, invents the quantum database search algorithm. The quadratic speedup is not as dramatic as the speedup for factoring, discrete logs, or physics simulations. However, the algorithm can be applied to a much wider variety of problems. Any problem that can be solved by random, brute-force search, may take advantage of this quadratic speedup in the number of search queries.
 * The United States Government, particularly in a joint partnership of the Army Research Office (now part of the Army Research Laboratory) and the National Security Agency, issues the first public call for research proposals in quantum information processing.
 * Andrew Steane designs Steane codes for error correction.
 * David P. DiVincenzo, of IBM, proposes a list of minimal requirements for creating a quantum computer, now called DiVincenzo's criteria.

1997

 * David Cory, Amr Fahmy and Timothy Havel, and at the same time Neil Gershenfeld and Isaac L. Chuang at MIT publish the first papers realizing gates for quantum computers based on bulk nuclear spin resonance, or thermal ensembles. The technology is based on a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) machine, which is similar to the medical magnetic resonance imaging machine.
 * Alexei Kitaev describes the principles of topological quantum computation as a method for dealing with the problem of decoherence.
 * Daniel Loss and David P. DiVincenzo propose the Loss-DiVincenzo quantum computer, using as qubits the intrinsic spin-1/2 degree of freedom of individual electrons confined to quantum dots.

1998

 * The first experimental demonstration of a quantum algorithm is reported. A working 2-qubit NMR quantum computer was used to solve Deutsch's problem by Jonathan A. Jones and Michele Mosca at Oxford University and shortly after by Isaac L. Chuang at IBM's Almaden Research Center, in California, and Mark Kubinec and the University of California, Berkeley together with coworkers at Stanford University and MIT.
 * The first working 3-qubit NMR computer is reported.
 * Bruce Kane proposes a silicon-based nuclear spin quantum computer, using nuclear spins of individual phosphorus atoms in silicon as the qubits and donor electrons to mediate the coupling between qubits.
 * The first execution of Grover's algorithm on an NMR computer is reported.
 * Hidetoshi Nishimori & colleagues from Tokyo Institute of Technology show that a quantum annealing algorithm can perform better than classical simulated annealing under certain conditions.
 * Daniel Gottesman and Emanuel Knill independently prove that a certain subclass of quantum computations can be efficiently emulated with classical resources (Gottesman–Knill theorem).

1999

 * Samuel L. Braunstein and collaborators show that none of the bulk NMR experiments performed to date contain any entanglement; the quantum states being too strongly mixed. This is seen as evidence that NMR computers would likely not yield a benefit over classical computers. It remains an open question, however, whether entanglement is necessary for quantum computational speedup.
 * Gabriel Aeppli, Thomas Felix Rosenbaum and colleagues demonstrate experimentally the basic concepts of quantum annealing in a condensed matter system.
 * Yasunobu Nakamura and Jaw-Shen Tsai demonstrate that a superconducting circuit can be used as a qubit.

2000

 * Arun K. Pati and Samuel L. Braunstein prove the quantum no-deleting theorem. This is dual to the no-cloning theorem which shows that one cannot delete a copy of an unknown qubit. Together with the stronger no-cloning theorem, the no-deleting theorem has the implication that quantum information can neither be created nor be destroyed.
 * The first working 5-qubit NMR computer is demonstrated at the Technical University of Munich, Germany.
 * The first execution of order finding (part of Shor's algorithm) at IBM's Almaden Research Center and Stanford University is demonstrated.
 * The first working 7-qubit NMR computer is demonstrated at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico.
 * The textbook, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information, by Michael Nielsen and Isaac Chuang is published.

2001

 * The first execution of Shor's algorithm at IBM's Almaden Research Center and Stanford University is demonstrated. The number 15 was factored using 1018 identical molecules, each containing seven active nuclear spins.
 * Noah Linden and Sandu Popescu prove that the presence of entanglement is a necessary condition for a large class of quantum protocols. This, coupled with Braunstein's result (see 1999 above), called the validity of NMR quantum computation into question.
 * Emanuel Knill, Raymond Laflamme, and Gerard Milburn show that optical quantum computing is possible with single-photon sources, linear optical elements, and single-photon detectors, establishing the field of linear optical quantum computing.
 * Robert Raussendorf and Hans Jürgen Briegel propose measurement-based quantum computation.

2002

 * The Quantum Information Science and Technology Roadmapping Project, involving some of the main participants in the field, lays out the Quantum computation roadmap.
 * The Institute for Quantum Computing is established at the University of Waterloo in Waterloo, Ontario by Mike Lazaridis, Raymond Laflamme and Michele Mosca.
 * A group led by Gerhard Birkl (now at TU Darmstadt) demonstrates the first 2D array of optical tweezers with trapped atoms for quantum computation with atomic qubits.

2003

 * Implementation of the Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm on an ion-trap quantum computer at the University of Innsbruck is reported.
 * Todd D. Pittman and collaborators at Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, and independently Jeremy L. O'Brien and collaborators at the University of Queensland, demonstrate quantum controlled-not gates using only linear optical elements.
 * The first implementation of a CNOT quantum gate, according to the Cirac–Zoller proposal, is reported by a team at the University of Innsbruck led by Rainer Blatt.
 * The DARPA Quantum Network becomes fully operational on October 23, 2003.
 * The Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI) is established in Innsbruck and Vienna, Austria, by the founding directors Rainer Blatt, Hans Jürgen Briegel, Rudolf Grimm, Anton Zeilinger and Peter Zoller.

2004

 * The first working pure state NMR quantum computer (based on parahydrogen) is demonstrated at Oxford University, England and University of York, England.
 * Physicists at the University of Innsbruck show deterministic quantum-state teleportation between a pair of trapped calcium ions.
 * The first five-photon entanglement is demonstrated by Jian-Wei Pan's team at the University of Science and Technology of Chin; the minimal number of qubits required for universal quantum error correction.

2005

 * University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign scientists demonstrate quantum entanglement of multiple characteristics, potentially allowing multiple qubits per particle.
 * Two teams of physicists measure the capacitance of a Josephson junction for the first time. The methods could be used to measure the state of quantum bits in a quantum computer without disturbing the state.
 * In December, W-states of quantum registers with up to 8 qubits implemented using trapped ions are demonstrated at the Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information and the University of Innsbruck in Austria.
 * Harvard University and Georgia Institute of Technology researchers succeed in transferring quantum information between "quantum memories" – from atoms to photons and back again.

2006

 * The Materials Science Department of Oxford University, England cage a qubit in a "buckyball" (a molecule of buckminsterfullerene) and demonstrated quantum "bang-bang" error correction.

 * Researchers from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign use the Zeno Effect, repeatedly measuring the properties of a photon to gradually change it without actually allowing the photon to reach the program, to search a database using counterfactual quantum computation.
 * Vlatko Vedral of the University of Leeds and colleagues at the universities of Porto and Vienna find that the photons in ordinary laser light can be quantum mechanically entangled with the vibrations of a macroscopic mirror.
 * Samuel L. Braunstein at the University of York along with the University of Tokyo and the Japan Science and Technology Agency give the first experimental demonstration of quantum telecloning.
 * Professors at the University of Sheffield develop a means to efficiently produce and manipulate individual photons at high efficiency at room temperature.
 * A new error checking method is theorized for Josephson junction computers.
 * The first 12-qubit quantum computer is benchmarked by researchers at the Institute for Quantum Computing and the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Waterloo, Ontario as well as at MIT, Cambridge.
 * A two-dimensional ion trap is developed for quantum computing.
 * Seven atoms are placed in a stable line, a step on the way to constructing a quantum gate, at the University of Bonn.
 * A team at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands creates a device that can manipulate the "up" or "down" spin-states of electrons on quantum dots.
 * The University of Arkansas develops quantum dot molecules.
 * The spinning new theory on particle spin brings science closer to quantum computing.
 * The University of Copenhagen develops quantum teleportation between photons and atoms.
 * University of Camerino scientists develop a theory of macroscopic object entanglement, which has implications for the development of quantum repeaters.
 * Tai-Chang Chiang, at Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, finds that quantum coherence can be maintained in mixed-material systems.
 * Cristophe Boehme, University of Utah, demonstrates the feasibility of reading data using the nuclear spin on a silicon-phosphorus Kane quantum computer.

2007

 * Subwavelength waveguide is developed for light.
 * A single-photon emitter for optical fibers is developed.
 * The first one-way quantum computers are built, where measurement (collapse) of an entangled cluster state is the main driving force of computation, and shown to perform simple computations, such as Deutsch's algorithm.
 * A new material is proposed for quantum computing.
 * A single-atom single-photon server is devised.
 * The University of Cambridge develops an electron quantum pump.
 * A superior method of qubit coupling is developed.
 * A successful demonstration of controllably coupled qubits is reported.
 * A breakthrough in applying spin-based electronics to silicon is reported.
 * Scientists demonstrate a quantum state exchange between light and matter.
 * A diamond quantum register is developed.
 * Controlled-NOT quantum gates on a pair of superconducting quantum bits are realized.
 * Scientists contain and study hundreds of individual atoms in 3D array.
 * Nitrogen in a buckyball molecule is used in quantum computing.
 * A large number of electrons are quantum coupled.
 * Spin–orbit interaction of electrons are measured.
 * Atoms are quantum manipulated in laser light.
 * Light pulses are used to control electron spins.
 * Quantum effects are demonstrated across tens of nanometers.
 * Light pulses are used to accelerate quantum computing development.
 * A quantum RAM blueprint is unveiled.
 * A model of a quantum transistor is developed.
 * Long distance entanglement is demonstrated.
 * Photonic quantum computing is used to factor a number by two independent labs.
 * A quantum bus is developed by two independent labs.
 * A superconducting quantum cable is developed.
 * The transmission of qubits is demonstrated.
 * Superior qubit material is devised.
 * A single-electron qubit memory is reported.
 * Bose–Einstein condensate quantum memory is developed.
 * D-Wave Systems demonstrates use of a 28-qubit quantum annealing computer.
 * A new cryonic method reduces decoherence and increases interaction distance, and thus quantum computing speed.
 * A photonic quantum computer is demonstrated.
 * Graphene quantum dot spin qubits are proposed.

2008

 * The HHL algorithm for solving linear equations is published.
 * Graphene quantum dot qubits are described.
 * Scientists succeed in storing a quantum bit.
 * 3D qubit-qutrit entanglement is demonstrated.
 * Analog quantum computing is devised.
 * Control of quantum tunneling is devised.
 * Entangled memory is developed.
 * A superior NOT gate is developed.
 * Qutrits are developed.
 * Quantum logic gate in optical fiber
 * A superior quantum Hall Effect is discovered.
 * Enduring spin states in quantum dots are reported.
 * Molecular magnets are proposed for quantum RAM.
 * Quasiparticles offer hope of stable quantum computers.
 * Image storage may have better storage of qubits is reported.
 * Quantum entangled images are reported.
 * Quantum state is intentionally altered in a molecule.
 * Electron position is controlled in a silicon circuit.
 * A superconducting electronic circuit pumps microwave photons.
 * Amplitude spectroscopy is developed.
 * A superior quantum computer test is developed.
 * An optical frequency comb is devised.
 * The concept of Quantum Darwinism is supported.
 * Hybrid qubit memory is developed.
 * A qubit is stored for over 1 second in an atomic nucleus.
 * Faster electron spin qubit switching and reading is developed.
 * The possibility of non-entanglement quantum computing is described.
 * D-Wave Systems claim to have produced a 128 qubit computer chip, though this claim had yet to be verified.

2009

 * Carbon 12 is purified for longer coherence times.
 * The lifetime of qubits is extended to hundreds of milliseconds.
 * Improved quantum control of photons is reported.
 * Quantum entanglement is demonstrated over 240 micrometres.
 * Qubit lifetime is extended by a factor of 1000.
 * The first electronic quantum processor is created.
 * Six-photon graph state entanglement is used to simulate the fractional statistics of anyons living in artificial spin-lattice models.
 * A single-molecule optical transistor is devised.
 * NIST is reads and writes individual qubits.
 * NIST demonstrates multiple computing operations on qubits.
 * The first large-scale topological cluster state quantum architecture is developed for atom-optics.
 * A combination of all of the fundamental elements required to perform scalable quantum computing through the use of qubits stored in the internal states of trapped atomic ions is shown.
 * Researchers at University of Bristol demonstrate Shor's algorithm on a silicon photonic chip.
 * Quantum Computing with an Electron Spin Ensemble is reported.
 * A so-called photon machine gun is developed for quantum computing.
 * The first universal programmable quantum computer is unveiled.
 * Scientists electrically control quantum states of electrons.
 * Google collaborates with D-Wave Systems on image search technology using quantum computing.
 * A method for synchronizing the properties of multiple coupled CJJ rf-SQUID flux qubits with a small spread of device parameters due to fabrication variations is demonstrated.
 * Universal Ion Trap Quantum Computation with decoherence free qubits is realized.
 * The first chip-scale quantum computer is reported.

2010
u=5/2$$ quantum Hall plateau, which would be suitable for topological quantum computation was reported
 * Ions were trapped in an optical trap.
 * An optical quantum computer with three qubits calculated the energy spectrum of molecular hydrogen to high precision.
 * The first germanium laser advanced the state of optical computers.
 * A single-electron qubit was developed
 * The quantum state in a macroscopic object was reported.
 * A new quantum computer cooling method was developed.
 * Racetrack ion trap was developed.
 * Evidence for a Moore-Read state in the $$
 * A quantum interface between a single photon and a single atom was demonstrated.
 * LED quantum entanglement was demonstrated.
 * Multiplexed design increased the speed of transmission of quantum information through a quantum communications channel.
 * A two-photon optical chip was reported.
 * Microfabricated planar ion traps were tested.
 * A boson sampling technique was proposed by Aaronson and Arkhipov.
 * Quantum dot qubits were manipulated electrically, not magnetically.

2011

 * Entanglement in a solid-state spin ensemble was reported
 * NOON photons in a superconducting quantum integrated circuit were reported.
 * A quantum antenna was described.
 * Multimode quantum interference was documented.
 * Magnetic Resonance applied to quantum computing was reported.
 * The quantum pen for single atoms was documented.
 * Atomic "Racing Dual" was reported.
 * A 14 qubit register was reported.
 * D-Wave claimed to have developed quantum annealing and introduced their product called D-Wave One. The company claims this is the first commercially available quantum computer.
 * Repetitive error correction was demonstrated in a quantum processor.
 * Diamond quantum computer memory was demonstrated.
 * Qmodes were developed.
 * Decoherence was demonstrated as suppressed.
 * Simplification of controlled operations was reported.
 * Ions entangled using microwaves were documented.
 * Practical error rates were achieved.
 * A quantum computer employing Von Neumann architecture was described.
 * A quantum spin Hall topological insulator was reported.
 * The concept of two diamonds linked by quantum entanglement could help develop photonic processors was described.

2012

 * D-Wave claimed a quantum computation using 84 qubits.
 * Physicists created a working transistor from a single atom.
 * A method for manipulating the charge of nitrogen vacancy-centres in diamond was reported.
 * Creation of a 300 qubit/particle quantum simulator was reported.
 * Demonstration of topologically protected qubits with an eight-photon entanglement was reported; a robust approach to practical quantum computing.
 * 1QB Information Technologies (1QBit) was founded; the world's first dedicated quantum computing software company.
 * The first design of a quantum repeater system without a need for quantum memories was reported.
 * Decoherence suppressed for 2 seconds at room temperature by manipulating Carbon-13 atoms with lasers was reported.
 * The theory of Bell-based randomness expansion with reduced assumption of measurement independence was reported.
 * New low overhead method for fault-tolerant quantum logic was developed called lattice surgery.

2013

 * Coherence time of 39 minutes at room temperature (and 3 hours at cryogenic temperatures) was demonstrated for an ensemble of impurity-spin qubits in isotopically purified silicon.
 * Extension of time for a qubit maintained in superimposed state for ten times longer than what has ever been achieved before was reported.
 * The first resource analysis of a large-scale quantum algorithm using explicit fault-tolerant, error-correction protocols was developed for factoring.

2014

 * Documents leaked by Edward Snowden confirmed the Penetrating Hard Targets project, by which the National Security Agency sought to develop a quantum computing capability for cryptography purposes.
 * Researchers in Japan and Austria published the first large-scale quantum computing architecture for a diamond-based system.
 * Scientists at the University of Innsbruck performed quantum computations on a topologically encoded qubit which was encoded in entangled states distributed over seven trapped-ion qubits.
 * Scientists transferred data by quantum teleportation over a distance of 10 ft with zero percent error rate; a vital step towards a quantum Internet.

2015

 * Optically addressable nuclear spins in a solid with a six-hour coherence time were documented.
 * Quantum information encoded by simple electrical pulses was documented.
 * Quantum error detection code using a square lattice of four superconducting qubits was documented.
 * D-Wave Systems Inc. announced on June 22 that it had broken the 1,000-qubit barrier.
 * A two-qubit silicon logic gate was successfully developed.

2016

 * Physicists led by Rainer Blatt joined forces with scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), led by Isaac Chuang, to efficiently implement Shor's algorithm in an ion-trap-based quantum computer.
 * IBM released the Quantum Experience, an online interface to their superconducting systems. The system is immediately used to publish new protocols in quantum information processing.
 * Google, using an array of 9 superconducting qubits developed by the Martinis group and UCSB, simulated a hydrogen molecule.
 * Scientists in Japan and Australia invented a quantum version of a Sneakernet communications system.

2017

 * D-Wave Systems Inc. announced general commercial availability of the D-Wave 2000Q quantum annealer, which it claimed has 2000 qubits.
 * A blueprint for a microwave trapped ion quantum computer was published.
 * IBM unveiled a 17-qubit quantum computer—and a better way of benchmarking it.
 * Scientists built a microchip that generates two entangled qudits each with 10 states, for 100 dimensions total.
 * Microsoft revealed Q#, a quantum programming language integrated with its Visual Studio development environment. Programs can be executed locally on a 32-qubit simulator, or a 40-qubit simulator on Azure.
 * IBM revealed a working 50-qubit quantum computer that can maintain its quantum state for 90 microseconds.
 * The first teleportation using a satellite, connecting ground stations over a distance of 1400 km apart was announced. Previous experiments were at Earth, at shorter distances.

2018

 * John Preskill introduces the concept of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era.
 * MIT scientists reported the discovery of a new triple-photon form of light.
 * Oxford researchers successfully use a trapped-ion technique, where they placed two charged atoms in a state of quantum entanglement to speed up logic gates by a factor of 20 to 60 times, as compared with the previous best gates, translated to 1.6 microseconds long, with 99.8% precision.
 * QuTech successfully tested a silicon-based 2-spin-qubit processor.
 * Google announced the creation of a 72-qubit quantum chip, called "Bristlecone", achieving a new record.
 * Intel began testing a silicon-based spin-qubit processor manufactured in the company's D1D fab in Oregon.
 * Intel confirmed development of a 49-qubit superconducting test chip, called "Tangle Lake".
 * Japanese researchers demonstrated universal holonomic quantum gates.
 * An integrated photonic platform for quantum information with continuous variables was documented.
 * On December 17, 2018, the company IonQ introduced the first commercial trapped-ion quantum computer, with a program length of over 60 two-qubit gates, 11 fully connected qubits, 55 addressable pairs, one-qubit gate error of <0.03% and two-qubit gate error of <1.0%.
 * On December 21, 2018, the National Quantum Initiative Act was signed into law by President Donald Trump, establishing the goals and priorities for a 10-year plan to accelerate the development of quantum information science and technology applications in the United States.

2019

 * IBM unveiled its first commercial quantum computer, the IBM Q System One, designed by UK-based Map Project Office and Universal Design Studio and manufactured by Goppion.
 * Austrian physicists demonstrated self-verifying, hybrid, variational quantum simulation of lattice models in condensed matter and high-energy physics using a feedback loop between a classical computer and a quantum co-processor.
 * Griffith University, UNSW and UTS, in partnership with seven universities in the United States, develop noise cancelling for quantum bits via machine learning, taking quantum noise in a quantum chip down to 0%.
 * Quantum Darwinism was observed in diamond at room temperature.
 * Google revealed its Sycamore processor, consisting of 53 qubits. A paper by Google's quantum computer research team was briefly available in late September 2019, claiming the project had reached quantum supremacy.  Google also developed a cryogenic chip for controlling qubits from within a dilution refrigerator.
 * University of Science and Technology of China researchers demonstrated boson sampling with 14 detected photons.

2020

 * 20 April – UNSW Sydney develops a way of producing 'hot qubits' – quantum devices that operate at 1.5 kelvin.
 * 11 March – UNSW perform electric nuclear resonance to control single atoms in electronic devices.
 * 23 April – University of Tokyo and Australian scientists create and successfully test a solution to the quantum wiring problem, creating a 2D structure for qubits. Such structure can be built using existing integrated circuit technology and has considerably lower cross-talk.
 * 16 January – Quantum physicists report the first direct splitting of one photon into three using spontaneous parametric down-conversion which may have applications in quantum technology.
 * 11 February – Quantum engineers report that they created artificial atoms in silicon quantum dots for quantum computing and that artificial atoms with a higher number of electrons can be more stable qubits than previously thought possible. Enabling silicon-based quantum computers may make it possible to reuse the manufacturing technology of "classical" modern-day computer chips among other advantages.
 * 14 February – Quantum physicists develop a novel single-photon source which may allow bridging of semiconductor-based quantum-computers that use photons by converting the state of an electron spin to the polarisation of a photon. They showed that they can generate a single photon in a controlled way without the need for randomly formed quantum dots or structural defects in diamonds.
 * 25 February – Scientists visualize a quantum measurement: by taking snapshots of ion states at different times of measurement via coupling of a trapped ion qutrit to the photon environment, they showed that the changes of the degrees of superpositions, and therefore of probabilities of states after measurement, happens gradually under the measurement influence.
 * IQM Quantum Computer Espoo Finland.jpg March – Scientists report achieving repeated quantum nondemolition measurements of an electron's spin in a silicon quantum dot: measurements that do not change the electron's spin in the process.
 * 11 March – Quantum engineers report to have controlled the nucleus of a single atom using only electric fields. This was first suggested to be possible in 1961 and may be used for silicon quantum computers that use single-atom spins without needing oscillating magnetic fields. This may be especially useful for nanodevices, for precise sensors of electric and magnetic fields, as well as for fundamental inquiries into quantum nature.
 * 19 March – A US Army laboratory announces that its scientists analysed a Rydberg sensor's sensitivity to oscillating electric fields over an enormous range of frequencies—from 0 to 10^12 Hz (the spectrum to 0.3 mm wavelength). The Rydberg sensor may potentially be used to detect communications signals as it could reliably detect signals over the entire spectrum and compare favourably with other established electric field sensor technologies, such as electro-optic crystals and dipole antenna-coupled passive electronics.
 * 23 March – Researchers report that they corrected for signal loss in a prototype quantum node that can catch, store and entangle bits of quantum information. Their concepts could be used for key components of quantum repeaters in quantum networks and extend their longest possible range.
 * 15 April – Researchers demonstrate a proof-of-concept silicon quantum processor unit cell which works at 1.5 kelvin – many times warmer than common quantum processors that are being developed. The finding may enable the integration of classical control electronics with a qubit array and substantially reduce costs. The cooling requirements necessary for quantum computing have been called one of the toughest roadblocks in the field.
 * 16 April – Scientists prove the existence of the Rashba effect in bulk perovskites. Previously researchers have hypothesized that the materials' extraordinary electronic, magnetic and optical properties – which make it a commonly used material for solar cells and quantum electronics – are related to this effect which to date had not been proven to be present in the material.
 * 8 May – Researchers report to have developed a proof-of-concept of a quantum radar using quantum entanglement and microwaves which may potentially be useful for the development of improved radar systems, security scanners and medical imaging systems.
 * 12 May – Researchers report to have developed a method to selectively manipulate a layered manganite's correlated electrons' spin state while leaving its orbital state intact using femtosecond X-ray laser pulses. This may indicate that orbitronics – using variations in the orientations of orbitals – may be used as the basic unit of information in novel IT devices.
 * 19 May – Researchers report to have developed the first integrated silicon on-chip low-noise single-photon source compatible with large-scale quantum photonics.
 * 11 June – Scientists report the generation of rubidium Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) in the Cold Atom Laboratory aboard the International Space Station under microgravity which could enable improved research of BECs and quantum mechanics, whose physics are scaled to macroscopic scales in BECs, support long-term investigations of few-body physics, support the development of techniques for atom–wave interferometry and atom lasers and verified the successful operation of the laboratory.
 * 15 June – Scientists report the development of the smallest synthetic molecular motor, consisting of 12 atoms and a rotor of 4 atoms, shown to be capable of being powered by an electric current using an electron scanning microscope and moving even with very low amounts of energy due to quantum tunneling.
 * 17 June – Quantum scientists report the development of a system that entangled two photon quantum communication nodes through a microwave cable that can send information in between without the photons being sent through, or occupying, the cable. On 12 June it was reported that they also, for the first time, entangled two phonons as well as erase information from their measurement after the measurement had been completed using delayed-choice quantum erasure.
 * 18 June – Honeywell announces a quantum computer with a quantum volume of 64, the highest at the time.
 * 13 August – Universal coherence protection is reported to have been achieved in a solid-state spin qubit, a modification that allows quantum systems to stay operational (or "coherent") for 10,000 times longer than before.
 * 26 August – Scientists report that ionizing radiation from environmental radioactive materials and cosmic rays may substantially limit the coherence times of qubits if they are not shielded adequately.
 * Google Sycamore Chip 002.png August – Quantum engineers working for Google report the largest chemical simulation on a quantum computer – a Hartree–Fock approximation with a Sycamore computer paired with a classical computer that analyzed results to provide new parameters for a 12-qubit system.
 * 2 September – Researchers present an eight-user city-scale quantum communication network, located in Bristol, England, using already deployed fibres without active switching or trusted nodes.
 * 9 September – Xanadu offers a cloud quantum computing service, offering a photonic quantum computer.
 * 21 September – Researchers report the achievement of quantum entanglement between the motion of a millimetre-sized mechanical oscillator and a disparate distant spin system of a cloud of atoms.
 * 3 December – Chinese researchers claim to have achieved quantum supremacy, using a photonic peak 76-qubit system (43 average) known as Jiuzhang, which performed calculations at 100 trillion times the speed of classical supercomputers.
 * 29 October – Honeywell introduces a subscription for a quantum computing service, known as quantum computing as a service,, with an ion trap quantum computer.
 * 12 December – At the IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM), IMEC shows an RF multiplexer chip that operates at temperatures as low as a few milikelvins, designed for quantum computers. Researchers from the Chalmers University of Technology developed a cryogenic low-noise amplifier (LNA) for amplifying signals from qubits, made of indium phosphide (InP) high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs).
 * 21 December – Publication of research of "counterfactual quantum communication" – whose first achievement was reported in 2017 – by which information can be exchanged without any physical particle traveling between observers and without quantum teleportation. The research suggests that this is based on some form of relation between the properties of modular angular momentum.

2021

 * 6 January – Chinese researchers report that they have built the world's largest integrated quantum communication network, combining over 700 optical fibers with two QKD-ground-to-satellite links for a total distance between nodes of the network of networks of up to ~4,600 km.
 * 13 January – Austrian researchers report the first realization of an entangling gate between two logical qubits encoded in topological quantum error-correction codes using a trapped-ion quantum computer with 10 ions.
 * 15 January – Researchers in China report the successful transmission of entangled photons between drones, used as nodes for the development of mobile quantum networks or flexible network extensions, marking the first work in which entangled particles were sent between two moving devices.
 * 27 January – BMW announces the use of a quantum computer for the optimization of supply chains.
 * 28 January – Swiss and German researchers report the development of a highly efficient single-photon source for quantum IT with a system of gated quantum dots in a tunable microcavity which captures photons released from these excited "artificial atoms".
 * 3 February – Microsoft starts offering a cloud quantum computing service, called Azure Quantum.
 * 5 February – Researchers demonstrate a first prototype of quantum-logic gates for distributed quantum computers.
 * 11 March – Honeywell announces a quantum computer with a quantum volume of 512.
 * 13 April – In a preprint, an astronomer describes for the first time how one could search for quantum communication transmissions sent by extraterrestrial intelligence using existing telescope and receiver technology. He also provides arguments for why future searches of SETI should also target interstellar quantum communications.
 * 7 May – Two studies complement research published September 2020 by quantum-entangling two mechanical oscillators.
 * 8 June – Researchers from Toshiba achieve quantum communications over optical fibres exceeding 600 km in length, a world-record distance.
 * 17 June – Austrian, German and Swiss researchers present a quantum computing demonstrator fitting into two 19-inch racks, the world's first quality standards-meeting compact quantum computer.
 * 29 June – IBM demonstrates a quantum advantage.
 * 1 July – Rigetti develops a method to join several quantum processor chips together.
 * 7 July – American researchers present a programmable quantum simulator that can operate with 256 qubits, and on the same date and journal another team presents a quantum simulator of 196 Rydeberg atoms trapped in optical tweezers.
 * 25 October – Chinese researchers report that they have developed the world's fastest programmable quantum computers. The photon-based Jiuzhang 2 is claimed to calculate a task in one millisecond, that otherwise would have taken a conventional computer 30 trillion years to complete. Additionally, Zuchongzhi 2 is a 66-qubit programmable superconducting quantum computer that was claimed to be the world's fastest quantum computer that can run a calculation task one million times more complex than Google's Sycamore, as well as being 10 million times faster.
 * 11 November – The first simulation of baryons on a quantum computer is reported by University of Waterloo.
 * 16 November – IBM claims that it has created a 127 quantum bit processor, 'IBM Eagle', which according to a report is the most powerful quantum processor known. According to the report, the company had not yet published an academic paper describing its metrics, performance or abilities.

2022

 * 18 January – Europe's first quantum annealer with more than 5,000 qubits is presented in Jülich, Germany.
 * 24 March – The first prototype, photonic, quantum memristive device, for neuromorphic (quantum-) computers and artificial neural networks, that is "able to produce memristive dynamics on single-photon states through a scheme of measurement and classical feedback" is invented.
 * 14 April – The Quantinuum System Model H1-2 doubles its performance claiming to be the first commercial quantum computer to pass quantum volume 4096.
 * 26 May – A universal set of computational operations on fault-tolerant quantum bits is demonstrated by a team of experimental physicists in Innsbruck, Austria.
 * 22 June – The world's first quantum computer integrated circuit is demonstrated.
 * 28 June – Physicists report that interstellar quantum communication by other civilizations could be possible and may be advantageous, identifying some potential challenges and factors for detecting such. They may use, for example, X-ray photons for remotely established quantum communications and quantum teleportation as the communication mode.
 * 21 July – A universal qudit quantum processor is demonstrated with trapped ions.
 * 15 August – Nature Materials publishes the first work showing optical initialization and coherent control of nuclear spin qubits in 2D materials (an ultrathin hexagonal boron nitride).
 * 24 August – Nature publishes the first research related to a set of 14 photons entangled with high efficiency and in a defined way.
 * 26 August – Created photon pairs at several different frequencies using optical ultra-thin resonant metasurfaces made up of arrays of nanoresonators is reported.
 * 29 August – Physicists at the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics deterministically generate entangled graph states of up to 14 photons using a trapped rubidium atom in an optical cavity.
 * 2 September – Researchers from The University of Tokyo and other Japanese institutions develop a systematic method that applies optimal control theory (GRAPE algorithm) to identify the theoretically optimal sequence from among all conceivable quantum operation sequences. It is necessary to complete the operations within the time that the coherent quantum state is maintained.
 * 30 September – Researchers at University of New South Wales achieve a coherence time of two milliseconds, 100 times higher than the previous benchmark in the same quantum processor.
 * 9 November – IBM presents its 433-qubit 'Osprey' quantum processor, the successor to its Eagle system.
 * 1 December – The world's first portable quantum computer enters into commerce in Japan. With three variants, topping out at 3 qubits, they are meant for education. They are based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), "NMR has extremely limited scaling capabilities" and dimethylphosphite.

2023

 * 3 February – At the University of Innsbruck, researchers entangle two ions over a distance of 230 meters.
 * 8 February – Alpine Quantum Technologies (AQT) demonstrates a quantum volume of 128 on its 19-inch rack-compatible quantum computer system PINE – a new record in Europe.
 * 27 March – India's first quantum computing-based telecom network link is inaugurated.
 * 14 June – IBM computer scientists report that a quantum computer produced better results for a physics problem than a conventional supercomputer.
 * 21 June – Microsoft declares that it is working on a topological quantum computer based on Majorana fermions, with the aim of arriving within 10 years at a computer capable of carrying out at least one million operations per second with an error rate of one operation every 1,000 billion (corresponding to 11 uninterrupted days of calculation).
 * 13 October – Researchers at TU Darmstadt publish the first experimental demonstration of a qubit array with more than 1,000 qubits: A 3,000-site atomic array based on a 2D configuration of optical tweezers holds up to 1,305 atomic qubits.
 * 24 October – Atom Computing announces that it has "created a 1,225-site atomic array, currently populated with 1,180 qubits", based on Rydberg atoms.
 * 4 December – IBM presents its 1121-qubit ‘Condor’ quantum processor, the successor to its Osprey and Eagle systems. The Condor system was the culmination of IBM's multi-year ‘Roadmap to Quantum Advantage’ seeking to break the 1,000 qubit threshold.
 * 6 December – A group led by Misha Lukin at Harvard University realises a programmable quantum processor based on logical qubits using reconfigurable neutral atom arrays.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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ArtCenter College of Design

ArtCenter College of Design is a private art university in Pasadena, California.

It was incorporated in 1930 as a degree-granting institution of higher learning in the US created specifically for students of both the visual arts and design. It offers Bachelor of Fine Arts, Bachelor of Science, Master of Fine Arts, Master of Arts, Master of Science Doctor of Arts, and Doctor of Science degrees across multiple majors mostly relating to design.

History
ArtCenter College of Design was founded in 1930 in downtown Los Angeles as the ArtCenter School.

In 1935, Fred R. Archer founded the photography department, and Ansel Adams was a guest instructor in the late 1930s. During and after World War II, ArtCenter ran a technical illustration program in conjunction with the California Institute of Technology.

In 1947, the post-war boom in students caused the school to expand to a larger location in the building of the former Cumnock School for Girls in the Hancock Park neighborhood, while still maintaining a presence at its original downtown location.

The school began granting Bachelor's and Master's degrees in arts in 1949, and was fully accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges in 1955.

In 1965, the school changed its name to Art Center College of Design.

The school expanded its programs, including a film program in 1973.

The school moved to the Hillside Campus in Pasadena in 1976.

The school operated ArtCenter Europe in Vevey, Switzerland from 1986 to 1996.

In 2003, ArtCenter was granted Non-Governmental Organization status by the UN Department of Public Information.

ArtCenter opened the South Campus in Pasadena in 2004.

In 2019, ArtCenter revealed they exceeded their $100 million goal when their fundraising campaign for additional scholarships and expanding their south campus started in 2011. ArtCenter raised $124 million from more than 7,000 contributions.

ArtCenter celebrated their 90th anniversary on April 16, 2020. The planned celebration was rescheduled due to the coronavirus pandemic.

Academics
ArtCenter offers undergraduate and graduate programs in a wide variety of art and design fields, as well as public programs for children and high school students, and continuing studies for adults in the Los Angeles metro area. It is one of the few schools to offer a degree in Interaction Design. The college maintains two campuses in Pasadena; both are considered architecturally notable.

ArtCenter built its reputation as a vocational school, preparing returning G.I.s for work in the commercial arts fields and began awarding degrees in 1949. In recognition of Art Center's commitment to addressing social and humanitarian issues through design, 2003 saw ArtCenter become the first design college to ever receive NGO (non-governmental organization) status by the United Nations.

The college logo is an orange circle, also known as the ArtCenter "Dot," which has been a part of the school's identity since its inception by founder Tink Adams and a small number of colleagues.

ArtCenter is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges and the National Association of Schools of Art and Design.

Rankings
While art and design schools aren't regularly included in typical undergraduate rankings such as "U.S. News & World Report," ArtCenter has been recognized by a number of national and industry publications. The college's undergraduate and graduate industrial design programs are consistently ranked number one by DesignIntelligence. U.S. News & World Report also ranks Art Center's Art, Industrial Design and Media Design Practices programs among the top 20 graduate schools in the U.S. Most recently, the growing influence of Art Center's Film programs resulted in the college's ranking among The Hollywood Reporter's list of the Top 25 Global Film Schools.

In 2014, Money magazine ranked Art Center third on its list of 25 of the best college values and in 2013, Coroflot's 2013 Creative Employment Snapshot respondents showed Art Center alumni earning more compared to peer institutions.

In 2021, ArtCenter was ranked the tenth globally according to the QS World University Rankings by the subject Art and Design.

Facilities
ArtCenter College of Design maintains two campuses in Pasadena: Hillside Campus and South Campus.

Hillside Campus
Designed by modernist architect Craig Ellwood, the Hillside Campus broke ground in November 1974. The "bridge building" spanned an arroyo and roadway on 175 acre in the hills above Pasadena. Opening in 1976, the building was later expanded with the south wing, designed by former Ellwood associate James Tyler, and constructed between 1989 and 1991. The Hillside Campus houses classrooms and studio space, multiple computer labs, the James Lemont Fogg Memorial Library, a model shop with traditional tools as well as rapid prototyping technologies (multi-axis CNC, laser-cutting, and multiple types of 3D printing), painting facilities, the Color, Material, and Trends Exploration Lab (CMTEL), an (Auto) Interior Simulation Lab, the Sinclaire Pavilion, photo and film stages with printing and editing facilities, and both a curated student gallery and an external exhibit gallery, both open to the public. The Hillside Campus has been designated as a historic monument by the City of Pasadena.

South Campus
The South Campus opened in 2004 in a former aircraft-testing facility built during World War II. Renovated by the Santa Monica-based firm Daly Genik, it houses the graduate Art and the Media Design Practices programs and studios, exhibition space for both of those programs, a print shop, a letterpress studio, and public programs such as ArtCenter at Night, ArtCenter for Kids, Design-Based Learning Lab. There is an 16000 sqft exhibition space known as the Wind Tunnel, which is currently the home of the Media Design Practices program. The Wind Tunnel has hosted events including the biannual ArtCenter Design Conference, like 2006's "Radical Craft" and 2008's "Serious Play"; an annual Summit on Sustainable Mobility; large exhibitions such as "Supersonic: 1 Wind Tunnel, 8 Schools, 120 Artists", "Gardenlab", and "Open House: Architecture and Technology for Intelligent Living" (with Vitra Design Museum); and various community meetings and events.

In 2012, ArtCenter announced the expansion of South Campus with the acquisition of a former U.S. Postal Service property adjacent to the existing campus, made entirely possible through the college's philanthropic efforts. At that time, the college appointed Michael Maltzan Architecture as its partner in planning academic spaces and expansion of its educational resources. With this agreement still intact, actual renovation of the former USPS building was completed by Darin Johnstone Architecture in 2014. Also in 2014, ArtCenter announced the acquisition of an office building at the "gateway" to Pasadena and future plans for new student housing, all of which will elevate South Campus from a "satellite" location to equal programs and activities found at the Hillside Campus.

In 2014, ArtCenter announced a $2 million gift to establish the Hoffmitz Milken Center for Typography “to advance the research, teaching and understanding of letterform design.” The center is named after 20-year Art Center typography teacher Leah Toby Hoffmitz Milken and the establishing gift was made by the Lowell Milken Family Foundation.

Student outcomes
College scorecard estimated that the median salary is $70,700 for students 10 years after graduation and 68% of them make more than high school graduates.

Center on Education and the Workforce estimates the return on investment 10 years after graduation with a bachelor’s from this college is $5,000; however, this metric appreciates to $1,010,000 40 years after graduation.

title: ArtCenter College of Design


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Denatured alcohol

Denatured alcohol, also known as methylated spirits, metho, or meths in Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United Kingdom; and denatured rectified spirit is ethanol that has additives to make it poisonous, bad-tasting, foul-smelling, or nauseating to discourage its recreational consumption. It is sometimes dyed so that it can be identified visually. Pyridine and methanol, each and together, make denatured alcohol poisonous; and denatonium makes it bitter.

Denatured alcohol is used as a solvent and as fuel for alcohol burners and camping stoves. Because of the diversity of industrial uses for denatured alcohol, hundreds of additives and denaturing methods have been used. The main additive usually is 10% methanol (methyl alcohol), hence the name methylated spirits. Other common additives include isopropyl alcohol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and methyl isobutyl ketone.

Denaturing alcohol does not alter the ethanol molecule (chemically or structurally), unlike denaturation in biochemistry. Rather, the ethanol is mixed with other chemicals to form a foul-tasting, often toxic, solution. For many of these solutions, it is intentionally difficult to separate the components.

Uses
In many countries, sales of alcoholic beverages are heavily taxed for revenue and public health policy purposes (see Pigovian tax). In order to avoid paying beverage taxes on alcohol that is not meant to be consumed, the alcohol is usually "denatured", or treated with added chemicals to make it unpalatable. Its composition is tightly defined by government regulations in countries that tax alcoholic beverages. Denatured alcohol is used identically to ethanol itself but only for applications that involve fuel, surgical and laboratory stock. Pure ethanol is required for food and beverage applications and certain chemical reactions where the denaturant would interfere. In molecular biology, denatured ethanol should not be used for the precipitation of nucleic acids, since the additives may interfere with downstream applications.

Denatured alcohol has no advantages for any purpose over normal ethanol; it is a public policy compromise. As denatured alcohol is sold without the often heavy taxes on alcohol suitable for consumption, it is a cheaper solution for most uses that do not involve drinking. If pure ethanol were made cheaply available for fuel, solvents, or medicinal purposes, it could be used as a beverage without payment of alcohol tax.

Toxicity
Despite its poisonous content, denatured alcohol is sometimes consumed as a surrogate alcohol. This can result in blindness or death if it contains methanol. For instance, during the thirteen-year prohibition of alcohol in the US, federal law required methanol be added to domestically manufactured industrial alcohols. From 25–27 December 1926, which was roughly at the midpoint of nationwide alcohol prohibition, 31 people in New York City alone died of methanol poisoning. To help prevent this, denatonium is often added to give the substance an extremely bitter flavour. Substances such as pyridine are added to give the mixture an unpleasant odour, and agents such as syrup of ipecac may also be included to induce vomiting.

New Zealand has removed methanol from its government-approved "methylated spirits" formulation.

In the USSR, denatured alcohol was used as drinking alcohol surrogate, along with many other technical ethanol-containing products. This was especially common during various anti-alcohol campaigns initiated by the Soviet government. There is much evidence to that in both popular folklore and in literature and music. The word "denaturat" (Russian: денатурат) even gained a special symbolic meaning. Its consumption is mentioned in songs of Vladimir Vysotsky, as well as written works of Venedikt Yerofeev, Yuz Aleshkovsky, and Vyacheslav Shishkov.

Formulations
Diverse additives are used to make it difficult to use distillation or other simple processes to reverse the denaturation. Methanol is commonly used both because its boiling point is close to that of ethanol and because it is toxic. Another typical denaturant is pyridine. Often the denatured alcohol is dyed with methyl violet.

There are several grades of denatured alcohol, but in general the denaturants used are similar. As an example, the formulation for completely denatured alcohol, according to 2005 British regulations was as follows:

"Completely denatured alcohol must be made in accordance with the following formulation: with every 90 parts by volume of alcohol mix 9.5 parts by volume of wood naphtha or a substitute and 0.5 parts by volume of crude pyridine, and to the resulting mixture add mineral naphtha (petroleum oil) in the proportion of 3.75 litres to every 1000 litres of the mixture and synthetic organic dyestuff (methyl violet) in the proportion of 1.5 grams to every 1000 litres of the mixture."

The European Union agreed in February 2013 to the following mutual procedures for the complete denaturing of alcohol:

"Per hectolitre (100 L) of absolute ethanol: 3 litres of isopropyl alcohol, 3 litres of methyl ethyl ketone and 1 gram denatonium benzoate."

Specially denatured alcohol
A specially denatured alcohol (SDA) is one of many types of denatured alcohol specified under the United States Title 27 of the Code of Federal Regulations Section 21.151. A specially denatured alcohol is a combination of ethanol and another chemical substance, e.g., ethyl acetate in SDA 29, 35, and 35A, added to render the mixture unsuitable for drinking. SDAs are often used in cosmetic products, and can also be used in chemical manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and solvents. Another example is SDA 40-B, which contains tert-butyl alcohol and denatonium benzoate, N.F. In the United States and other countries, the use of denatured alcohol unsuitable for beverages avoids excise taxes on alcohol.

title: Denatured alcohol