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Blindsight

Blindsight is the ability of people who are cortically blind to respond to visual stimuli that they do not consciously see due to lesions in the primary visual cortex, also known as the striate cortex or Brodmann Area 17. The term was coined by Lawrence Weiskrantz and his colleagues in a paper published in a 1974 issue of Brain. A previous paper studying the discriminatory capacity of a cortically blind patient was published in Nature in 1973. The assumed existence of blindsight is controversial, with some arguing that it is merely degraded conscious vision.

Type classification
The majority of studies on blindsight are conducted on patients who are hemianopic, i.e. blind in one-half of their visual field. Following the destruction of the left or right striate cortex, patients are asked to detect, localize, and discriminate amongst visual stimuli that are presented to their blind side, often in a forced-response or guessing situation, even though they may not consciously recognize the visual stimulus. Research shows that such blind patients may achieve a higher accuracy than would be expected from chance alone.

Type 1 blindsight is the term given to this ability to guess—at levels significantly above chance—aspects of a visual stimulus (such as location or type of movement) without any conscious awareness of any stimuli. Type 2 blindsight occurs when patients claim to have a feeling that there has been a change within their blind area—e.g. movement—but that it was not a visual percept. The re-classification of blindsight into Type 1 and Type 2 was made after it was shown that the most celebrated blindsight patient, "GY", was usually conscious of stimuli presented to his blind field if the stimuli had certain specific characteristics, namely being of high contrast and moving fast (at speeds in excess of 20 degrees per second).

In the aftermath of the First World War, a neurologist, George Riddoch, had described patients who had been blinded by gunshot wounds to V1, who could not see stationary objects but who were, as he reported, "conscious" of seeing moving objects in their blind field. It is for this reason that the phenomenon has more recently also been called the Riddoch syndrome.

Since then it has become apparent that such subjects can also become aware of visual stimuli belonging to other visual domains, such as color and luminance, when presented to their blind fields. The ability of such hemianopic subjects to become consciously aware of stimuli presented to their blind field is also commonly referred to as "residual" or "degraded" vision.

As originally defined, blindsight challenged the common belief that perceptions must enter consciousness to affect our behavior, by showing that our behavior can be guided by sensory information of which we have no conscious awareness. Since the demonstration that blind patients can experience some visual stimuli consciously, and the consequent redefinition of blindsight into Type 1 and Type 2, a more nuanced view of the phenomenon has developed. Blindsight may be thought of as a converse of the form of anosognosia known as Anton syndrome, in which there is full cortical blindness along with the confabulation of visual experience.

History
Much of our current understanding of blindsight can be attributed to early experiments on monkeys. One monkey, named Helen, could be considered the "star monkey in visual research" because she was the original blindsight subject. Helen was a macaque monkey that had been decorticated; specifically, her primary visual cortex (V1) was completely removed, blinding her. Nevertheless, under certain specific situations, Helen exhibited sighted behavior. Her pupils would dilate and she would blink at stimuli that threatened her eyes. Furthermore, under certain experimental conditions, she could detect a variety of visual stimuli, such as the presence and location of objects, as well as shape, pattern, orientation, motion, and color. In many cases she was able to navigate her environment and interact with objects as if she were sighted.

A similar phenomenon was also discovered in humans. Subjects who had suffered damage to their visual cortices due to accidents or strokes reported partial or total blindness. Despite this, when prompted they could "guess" the presence and details of objects with above-average accuracy and, much like animal subjects, could catch objects tossed at them. The subjects never developed any kind of confidence in their abilities. Even when told of their successes, they would not begin to spontaneously make "guesses" about objects, but instead still required prompting. Furthermore, blindsight subjects rarely express the amazement about their abilities that sighted people would expect them to express.

Describing blindsight
Patients with blindsight have damage to the system that produces visual perception (the visual cortex of the brain and some of the nerve fibers that bring information to it from the eyes) rather than to the underlying brain system controlling eye movements. The phenomenon was originally thought to show how, after the more complex perception system is damaged, people can use the underlying control system to guide hand movements towards an object even though they cannot see what they are reaching for. Hence, visual information can control behavior without producing a conscious sensation. This ability of those with blindsight to act as if able to see objects that they are unconscious of suggested that consciousness is not a general property of all parts of the brain, but is produced by specialized parts of it.

Blindsight patients show awareness of single visual features, such as edges and motion, but cannot gain a holistic visual percept. This suggests that perceptual awareness is modular and that—in sighted individuals—there is a "binding process that unifies all information into a whole percept", which is interrupted in patients with such conditions as blindsight and visual agnosia. Therefore, object identification and object recognition are thought to be separate processes and occur in different areas of the brain, working independently from one another. The modular theory of object perception and integration would account for the "hidden perception" experienced in blindsight patients. Research has shown that visual stimuli with the single visual features of sharp borders, sharp onset/offset times, motion and low spatial frequency contribute to, but are not strictly necessary for, an object's salience in blindsight.

Cause
There are three theories for the explanation of blindsight. The first states that after damage to area V1, other branches of the optic nerve deliver visual information to the superior colliculus, pulvinar and several other areas, including parts of the cerebral cortex. In turn, these areas might then control the blindsight responses.

Another explanation for the phenomenon of blindsight is that even though the majority of a person's visual cortex may be damaged, tiny islands of functioning tissue remain. These islands are not large enough to provide conscious perception, but nevertheless enough for some unconscious visual perception.

A third theory is that the information required to determine the distance to and velocity of an object in object space is determined by the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) before the information is projected to the visual cortex. In a normal subject, these signals are used to merge the information from the eyes into a three-dimensional representation (which includes the position and velocity of individual objects relative to the organism), extract a vergence signal to benefit the precision (previously auxiliary) optical system, and extract a focus control signal for the lenses of the eyes. The stereoscopic information is attached to the object information passed to the visual cortex.

More recently, with the demonstration of a direct input from the LGN to area V5 (MT),   which delivers signals from fast moving stimuli at latencies of about 30 ms,  another explanation has emerged. This one proposes that the delivery of these signals is sufficient to arouse a conscious experience of fast visual motion, without implying that it is V5 alone that is responsible, since once signals reach V5, they may be propagated to other areas of the brain. The latter account would seem to exclude the possibility that signals are "pre-processed" by V1 or "post-processed" by it (through return connections from V5 back to V1), as has been suggested. The pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus also sends direct, V1 by-passing, signals to V5 but their precise role in generating a conscious visual experience of motion has not yet been determined.

Evidence of blindsight can be indirectly observed in children as young as two months, although there is difficulty in determining the type in a patient who is not old enough to answer questions.

Evidence in animals
In a 1995 experiment, researchers attempted to show that monkeys with lesions in or even wholly removed striate cortexes also experienced blindsight. To study this, they had the monkeys complete tasks similar to those commonly used for human subjects. The monkeys were placed in front of a monitor and taught to indicate whether a stationary object or nothing was present in their visual field when a tone was played. Then the monkeys performed the same task except the stationary objects were presented outside of their visual field. The monkeys performed very similar to human participants and were unable to perceive the presence of stationary objects outside of their visual field.

Another 1995 study by the same group sought to prove that monkeys could also be conscious of movement in their deficit visual field despite not being consciously aware of the presence of an object there. To do this, researchers used another standard test for humans which was similar to the previous study except moving objects were presented in the deficit visual field. Starting from the center of the deficit visual field, the object would either move up, down, or to the right. The monkeys performed identically to humans on the test, getting them right almost every time. This showed that the monkey's ability to detect movement is separate from their ability to consciously detect an object in their deficit visual field, and gave further evidence for the claim that damage to the striate cortex plays a large role in causing the disorder.

Several years later, another study compared and contrasted the data collected from monkeys and that of a specific human patient with blindsight, GY. GY's striate cortical region was damaged through trauma at the age of eight, though for the most part he retained full functionality, GY was not consciously aware of anything in his right visual field. In the monkeys, the striate cortex of the left hemisphere was surgically removed. By comparing the test results of both GY and the monkeys, the researchers concluded that similar patterns of responses to stimuli in the "blind" visual field can be found in both species.

Research
Lawrence Weiskrantz and colleagues showed in the early 1970s that if forced to guess about whether a stimulus is present in their blind field, some observers do better than chance. This ability to detect stimuli that the observer is not conscious of can extend to discrimination of the type of stimulus (for example, whether an 'X' or 'O' has been presented in the blind field).

Electrophysiological evidence from the late 1970s has shown that there is no direct retinal input from S-cones to the superior colliculus, implying that the perception of color information should be impaired. However, more recent evidence point to a pathway from S-cones to the superior colliculus, opposing previous research and supporting the idea that some chromatic processing mechanisms are intact in blindsight.

Patients shown images on their blind side of people expressing emotions correctly guessed the emotion most of the time. The movement of facial muscles used in smiling and frowning were measured and reacted in ways that matched the kind of emotion in the unseen image. Therefore, the emotions were recognized without involving conscious sight.

A 2011 study found that a young woman with a unilateral lesion of area V1 could scale her grasping movement as she reached out to pick up objects of different sizes placed in her blind field, even though she could not report the sizes of the objects. Similarly, another patient with unilateral lesion of area V1 could avoid obstacles placed in his blind field when he reached toward a target that was visible in his intact visual field. Even though he avoided the obstacles, he never reported seeing them.

A study reported in 2008 asked patient GY to misstate where in his visual field a distinctive stimulus was presented. If the stimulus was in the upper part of his visual field, he was to say it was in the lower part, and vice versa. He was able to misstate, as requested, in his left visual field (with normal conscious vision); but he tended to fail in the task—to state the location correctly—when the stimulus was in his blindsight (right) visual field. > This failure rate worsened when the stimulus was clearer, indicating that failure was not simply due to unreliability of blindsight.

"DB"
Researchers applied the same type of tests that were used to study blindsight in animals to a patient referred to as "DB". The normal techniques used to assess visual acuity in humans involved asking them to verbally describe some visually recognizable aspect of an object or objects. DB was given forced-choice tasks to complete instead. The results of DB's guesses showed that DB was able to determine shape and detect movement at some unconscious level, despite not being visually aware of this. DB themselves chalked up the accuracy of their guesses to be merely coincidental.

The discovery of the condition known as blindsight raised questions about how different types of visual information, even unconscious information, may be affected and sometimes even unaffected by damage to different areas of the visual cortex. Previous studies had already demonstrated that even without conscious awareness of visual stimuli, humans could still determine certain visual features such as presence in the visual field, shape, orientation and movement. But, in a newer study evidence showed that if damage to the visual cortex occurs in areas above the primary visual cortex, the conscious awareness of visual stimuli itself is not damaged. Blindsight shows that even when the primary visual cortex is damaged or removed a person can still perform actions guided by unconscious visual information. Despite damage occurring in the area necessary for conscious awareness of visual information, other functions of the processing of these visual percepts are still available to the individual. The same also goes for damage to other areas of the visual cortex. If an area of the cortex that is responsible for a certain function is damaged, it will only result in the loss of that particular function or aspect, functions that other parts of the visual cortex are responsible for remain intact.

Alexander and Cowey
Alexander and Cowey investigated how contrasting stimuli brightness affects blindsight patients' ability to discern movement. Prior studies have already shown that blindsight patients are able to detect motion even though they claim they do not see any visual percepts in their blind fields. The study subjects were two patients who suffered from hemianopsia—blindness in more than half of their visual field. Both subjects had displayed the ability to accurately determine the presence of visual stimuli in their blind hemifields without acknowledging an actual visual percept previously.

To test the effect of brightness on the subject's ability to determine motion they used a white background with a series of colored dots. The contrast of the brightness of the dots compared to the white background was altered in each trial to determine if the participants performed better or worse when there was a larger discrepancy in brightness or not. The subjects focused on the display for two equal length time intervals and where asked whether they thought the dots were moving during the first or the second time interval.

When the contrast in brightness between the background and the dots was higher, both of the subjects could discern motion more accurately than they would have statistically through guesswork. However, one subject was not able to accurately determine whether or not blue dots were moving regardless of the brightness contrast, but he/she was able to do so with every other color dot. When the contrast was highest subjects were able to tell whether or not the dots were moving with very high rates of accuracy. Even when the dots were white, but still of a different brightness from the background, subjects could still determine whether they were moving. But, regardless of the dots' color, subjects could not tell when they were in motion when the white background and the dots were of similar brightness.

Kentridge, Heywood, and Weiskrantz
Kentridge, Heywood, and Weiskrantz used the phenomenon of blindsight to investigate the connection between visual attention and visual awareness. They wanted to see if their subject—who exhibited blindsight in other studies —could react more quickly when their attention was cued without the ability to be visually aware of it. The researchers aimed to show that being conscious of a stimulus and paying attention to it was not the same thing.

To test the relationship between attention and awareness, they had the participant try to determine where a target was and whether it was oriented horizontally or vertically on a computer screen. The target line would appear at one of two different locations and would be oriented in one of two directions. Before the target would appear an arrow would become visible on the screen, sometimes pointing to the correct position of the target line and less frequently not. This arrow was the cue for the subject. The participant would press a key to indicate whether the line was horizontal or vertical, and could then also indicate to an observer whether or not he/she actually had a feeling that any object was there or not—even if they couldn't see anything. The participant was able to accurately determine the orientation of the line when the target was cued by an arrow before the appearance of the target, even though these visual stimuli did not equal awareness in the subject who had no vision in that area of his/her visual field. The study showed that even without the ability to be visually aware of a stimulus the participant could still focus his/her attention on this object.

"TN"
In 2003, a patient known as "TN" lost use of his primary visual cortex, area V1. He had two successive strokes, which knocked out the region in both his left and right hemispheres. After his strokes, ordinary tests of TN's sight turned up nothing. He could not even detect large objects moving right in front of his eyes. Researchers eventually began to notice that TN exhibited signs of blindsight and in 2008 decided to test their theory. They took TN into a hallway and asked him to walk through it without using the cane he always carried after having the strokes. TN was not aware at the time, but the researchers had placed various obstacles in the hallway to test if he could avoid them without conscious use of his sight. To the researchers' delight, he moved around every obstacle with ease, at one point even pressing himself up against the wall to squeeze past a trashcan placed in his way. After navigating through the hallway, TN reported that he was just walking the way he wanted to, not because he knew anything was there.

"Mr. J"
In another case study, a girl brought her grandfather in to see a neuropsychologist. The girl's grandfather, Mr. J., had suffered a stroke that had left him completely blind apart from a tiny spot in the middle of his visual field. The neuropsychologist, Dr. M., performed an exercise with him. The doctor helped Mr. J. to a chair, had him sit down, and then asked to borrow his cane. The doctor then asked, "Mr. J., please look straight ahead. Keep looking that way, and don't move your eyes or turn your head. I know that you can see a little bit straight ahead of you, and I don't want you to use that piece of vision for what I'm going to ask you to do. Fine. Now, I'd like you to reach out with your right hand [and] point to what I'm holding." Mr. J. then replied, "But I don't see anything—I'm blind!" The doctor then said, "I know, but please try, anyway." Mr. J then shrugged and pointed, and was surprised when his finger encountered the end of the cane which the doctor was pointing toward him. After this, Mr. J. said that "it was just luck". The doctor then turned the cane around so that the handle side was pointing towards Mr. J. He then asked for Mr. J. to grab hold of the cane. Mr. J. reached out with an open hand and grabbed hold of the cane. After this, the doctor said, "Good. Now put your hand down, please." The doctor then rotated the cane 90 degrees, so that the handle was oriented vertically. The doctor then asked Mr. J. to reach for the cane again. Mr. J. did this, turning his wrist so that his hand matched the orientation of the handle. This case study shows that, although (on a conscious level) Mr. J. was completely unaware of any visual abilities that he may have had, he was able to orient his grabbing motions as if he had no visual impairments.

Other cases
Other cases refer to SL, GY and GR.

Brain regions involved
Visual processing in the brain goes through a series of stages. Destruction of the primary visual cortex leads to blindness in the part of the visual field that corresponds to the damaged cortical representation. The area of blindness – known as a scotoma – is in the visual field opposite the damaged hemisphere and can vary from a small area up to the entire hemifield. Visual processing occurs in the brain in a hierarchical series of stages (with much crosstalk and feedback between areas). The route from the retina through V1 is not the only visual pathway into the cortex, though it is by far the largest; it is commonly thought that the residual performance of people exhibiting blindsight is due to preserved pathways into the extrastriate cortex that bypass V1. However both physiological evidence in monkeys and behavioral and imaging evidence in humans   shows that activity in these extrastriate areas, and especially in V5, is apparently sufficient to support visual awareness in the absence of V1.

To put it in a more complex way, recent physiological findings suggest that visual processing takes place along several independent, parallel pathways. One system processes information about shape, one about color, and one about movement, location and spatial organization. This information moves through an area of the brain called the lateral geniculate nucleus, located in the thalamus, and on to be processed in the primary visual cortex, area V1 (also known as the striate cortex because of its striped appearance). People with damage to V1 report no conscious vision, no visual imagery, and no visual images in their dreams. However, some of these people still experience the blindsight phenomenon, though this too is controversial, with some studies showing a limited amount of consciousness without V1 or projections relating to it.

The superior colliculus and prefrontal cortex also have a major role in awareness of a visual stimulus.

Lateral geniculate nucleus
Mosby's Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing & Health Professions defines the LGN as "one of two elevations of the lateral posterior thalamus receiving visual impulses from the retina via the optic nerves and tracts and relaying the impulses to the calcarine (visual) cortex".

What is seen in the left and right visual field is taken in by each eye and brought back to the optic disc via the nerve fibres of the retina. From the optic disc, visual information travels through the optic nerve and into the optic chiasm. Visual information then enters the optic tract and travels to four different areas of the brain including the superior colliculus, pretectum of the mid brain, the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, and the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). Most axons from the LGN will then travel to the primary visual cortex.

Injury to the primary visual cortex, including lesions and other trauma, leads to the loss of visual experience. However, the residual vision that is left cannot be attributed to V1. According to Schmid et al., "thalamic lateral geniculate nucleus has a causal role in V1-independent processing of visual information". This information was found through experiments using fMRI during activation and inactivation of the LGN and the contribution the LGN has on visual experience in monkeys with a V1 lesion. These researchers concluded that the magnocellular system of the LGN is less affected by the removal of V1, which suggests that it is because of this system in the LGN that blindsight occurs. Furthermore, once the LGN was inactivated, virtually all of the extrastriate areas of the brain no longer showed a response on the fMRI. The information leads to a qualitative assessment that included "scotoma stimulation, with the LGN intact had fMRI activation of ~20% of that under normal conditions". This finding agrees with the information obtained from, and fMRI images of, patients with blindsight. The same study also supported the conclusion that the LGN plays a substantial role in blindsight. Specifically, while injury to V1 does create a loss of vision, the LGN is less affected and may result in the residual vision that remains, causing the "sight" in blindsight.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging has launched has also been employed to conduct brain scans in normal, healthy human volunteers to attempt to demonstrate that visual motion can bypass V1, through a connection from the LGN to the human middle temporal complex. Their findings concluded that there was an indeed a connection of visual motion information that went directly from the LGN to the V5/hMT+ bypassing V1 completely. Evidence also suggests that, following a traumatic injury to V1, there is still a direct pathway from the retina through the LGN to the extrastriate visual areas. The extrastriate visual areas include parts of the occipital lobe that surround V1. In non-human primates, these often include V2, V3, and V4.

In a study conducted in primates, after partial ablation of area V1, areas V2 and V3 were still excited by visual stimulus. Other evidence suggests that "the LGN projections that survive V1 removal are relatively sparse in density, but are nevertheless widespread and probably encompass all extrastriate visual areas," including V2, V4, V5 and the inferotemporal cortex region.

Controversy
The results of some experiments suggest that blindsighted people may be preserving some kind of conscious experience and thus they are not fully blind. The criteria for blindsight has repeatedly changed based on findings that challenge the original definition, which has led some scientists to cast doubt on the existence of blindsight.

title: Blindsight


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Julie Newmar

Julie Newmar (born Julia Chalene Newmeyer, August 16, 1933) is an American actress, dancer, and singer known for a variety of stage, screen, and television roles. She is also a writer, lingerie designer, and real estate mogul. She won the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for her role as Katrin Sveg in the 1958 Broadway production of The Marriage-Go-Round, and reprised the role in the 1961 film version. In the 1960s she starred for two seasons as Catwoman in the television series Batman (1966–1967). Her other stage credits include Ziegfeld Follies in 1956, Lola in Damn Yankees! in 1961, and Irma in Irma la Douce in 1965 in regional productions.

Newmar appeared in the music video for George Michael's 1992 single "Too Funky" and had a cameo as herself in the 1995 film To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar. Her voice work includes the animated feature films Batman: Return of the Caped Crusaders (2016) and Batman vs. Two-Face (2017), for which she reprised her role as Catwoman, fifty years after the original television series.

Early life
Newmar was born in Los Angeles, California, on August 16, 1933, as the eldest of three children born to Don and Helene (née Jesmer) Newmeyer. Her father was head of the physical education department at Los Angeles City College, and had played American football professionally in the 1920s with the 1926 Los Angeles Buccaneers of the National Football League. Her Swedish-French mother was a fashion designer – who used Chalene as her professional name – and later became a real-estate investor.

Newmar has two younger brothers: Peter Bruce Newmeyer, who was killed in a skiing accident, and John A. Newmeyer, who became a writer, epidemiologist and winemaker. She began dancing at an early age, and performed as a prima ballerina with the Los Angeles Opera when she was 15.

Early work and stage career
Newmar appeared in bit parts and uncredited roles in films as a dancer, including a part as the "dancer-assassin" in Slaves of Babylon (1953) and the "gilded girl" in Serpent of the Nile (1953), in which she was clad in gold paint. She danced in several other films, including The Band Wagon (also 1953) and Demetrius and the Gladiators (1954). She also worked as a choreographer and dancer for Universal Studios beginning at the age of 19. Her first major role, billed as Julie Newmeyer, was as Dorcas, one of the brides in Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (also 1954). She was also the female lead in a low-budget comedy, The Rookie (also 1959).

Newmar made her Broadway debut in 1955 as Vera in Silk Stockings, starring Hildegarde Neff and Don Ameche. In the following year she created the role of Stupefyin' Jones (a three-minute cameo) in the Broadway production of Li'l Abner. She stayed with the production for its entire run from November 1956 through July 1958, and also appeared in the film version, released in 1959. A few months later, The Marriage-Go-Round opened on Broadway, with Newmar in the role of Swedish vixen Katrin Sveg, for which Newmar won the 1959 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play. She later re-created this role for the 1961 film adaptation, starring James Mason and Susan Hayward. In 1961, she appeared in the Sam Spewack play Once There Was a Russian, which lasted only one performance. She later starred opposite Joel Grey in the national tour of Stop the World – I Want to Get Off, staying with the tour from March to October 1963. In 1973, Newmar was slated to return to Broadway in the David Rabe play Boom Boom Room, opening on November 8, 1973, at the Vivian Beaumont Theater at Lincoln Center. Director Julie Bovasso fired Newmar during rehearsals, and she was replaced by her understudy, Mary Woronov. Bovasso was then replaced as director during previews.

Television work
Newmar's fame stems mainly from her television appearances. Her statuesque form and height made her a larger-than-life sex symbol, most often cast as a temptress or Amazonian beauty, including an early appearance in a sexy maid costume in The Phil Silvers Show. She starred as Rhoda the Robot in the television series My Living Doll (1964–1965), and is known for her recurring role in the 1960s television series Batman as the villainess Catwoman. (Lee Meriwether played Catwoman in the 1966 feature film, and Eartha Kitt portrayed Catwoman in the series' final season.) Newmar modified her Catwoman costume—now in the Smithsonian Institution—and placed the belt at the hips instead of the waist to emphasize her hourglass figure.

In 1962, Newmar appeared twice as the motorcycle-riding, free-spirited heiress Vicki Russell in Route 66, filmed in Tucson ("How Much a Pound Is Albatross") and in Tennessee ("Give the Old Cat a Tender Mouse"). She guest-starred in The Twilight Zone as the devil in "Of Late I Think of Cliffordville", F Troop ("Yellow Bird" in 1966) as a girl kidnapped as a child and raised by Native Americans, Bewitched ("The Eight-Year Itch Witch" in 1971) as a cat named Ophelia given human form, The Beverly Hillbillies as a Swedish actress who stays with the Clampetts to learn their accents and mannerisms for a role, and Get Smart as a double agent, posing as a maid, assigned to Maxwell Smart's apartment. In 1967, she guest-starred as April Conquest in an episode of The Monkees ("Monkees Get Out More Dirt", season 1, episode 29), in which the main characters all fall in love with her, and played the pregnant Capellan princess, Eleen, in the Star Trek episode "Friday's Child". In 1969, she played a hit woman in the It Takes a Thief episode "The Funeral is on Mundy" with Robert Wagner. In 1983, she reprised the hit-woman role in Hart to Hart, Wagner's later television series, in the episode "A Change of Hart". In the 1970s she had guest roles in Columbo and The Bionic Woman.

Later roles
Newmar appeared in several low-budget films during the next two decades. She guest-starred on TV, appearing in The Love Boat, Buck Rogers in the 25th Century, CHiPs, and Fantasy Island. She was seen in the music video for George Michael's "Too Funky" in 1992, and appeared as herself in a 1996 episode of Melrose Place.

In 2003, Newmar appeared as herself in the television movie Return to the Batcave: The Misadventures of Adam and Burt alongside former Batman co-stars Adam West, Burt Ward, Frank Gorshin, and Lee Meriwether. Julia Rose played Newmar in flashbacks to the production of the television series. However, due to longstanding rights issues over footage from the Batman TV series, only footage of Meriwether taken from the feature film was allowed to be used in the television movie. In 2016, she provided the voice of Catwoman in the animated film Batman: Return of the Caped Crusaders. In 2017, she reprised her role in the animated sequel Batman vs. Two-Face. Newmar also appeared on The Home and Family Show in May 2016, where she met Gotham actress Camren Bicondova who portrays a younger Selina Kyle.

In 2019, Newmar played the role of Dr. Julia Hoffman (replacing the late Grayson Hall) in the audio drama miniseries Dark Shadows: Bloodline.

Inventor and entrepreneur
In the 1970s, Newmar received two U.S. patents for pantyhose and one for a brassiere. The pantyhose were described as having "cheeky derriere relief" and promoted under the name "Nudemar". The brassiere was described as "nearly invisible" and in the style of Marilyn Monroe.

Newmar began investing in Los Angeles real estate in the 1980s. A women's magazine stated, "Newmar is partly responsible for improving the Los Angeles neighborhoods on La Brea Avenue and Fairfax Avenue near the Grove."

Personal life
After a broken engagement to novelist Louis L'Amour and romances with comedian Mort Sahl and actor Ken Scott, Newmar married J. Holt Smith, a lawyer, on August 5, 1977, and moved with him to Fort Worth, Texas, where she lived until their divorce in 1984. She has one child, John Jewl Smith (born February 25, 1981), who has a hearing impairment and Down syndrome.

Newmar has Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, an inherited neurological condition that affects one in 2,500 Americans.

A legal battle with her neighbor, actor Jim Belushi, ended amicably with an invitation to guest-star in his sitcom According to Jim in an episode ("The Grumpy Guy") that poked fun at the feud.

An avid gardener, Newmar initiated at least a temporary ban on leaf blowers with the Los Angeles City Council.

Newmar has been a vocal supporter of LGBT rights; her brother, John Newmeyer, is gay. In 2013, she was awarded a lifetime achievement award from the Gay and Lesbian Elder Housing organization in Los Angeles.

Newmar is a classically trained pianist.

In popular culture
In 2012, Bluewater Comics released a four-issue comic miniseries titled The Secret Lives of Julie Newmar.

Stage credits

 * Alice in Wonderland (1940)
 * Silk Stockings (1955)
 * Ziegfeld Follies (1956) (closed on the road)
 * Li'l Abner (1956)
 * The Marriage-Go-Round (1958)
 * Damn Yankees (1961)
 * Once There Was a Russian (1961)
 * Stop the World – I Want to Get Off (1963)
 * Irma La Douce (1964)
 * Damn Yankees (1965)
 * Dames at Sea (1970)
 * In the Boom Boom Room (1982)
 * Li'l Abner (1998)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Julie Newmar


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Barenaked Ladies (EP)

Barenaked Ladies (more commonly known as "The Yellow Tape"), is the Barenaked Ladies' third indie tape release, after Buck Naked in 1989 with just Ed Robertson and Steven Page, then Barenaked Lunch (also known as the Pink Tape) in 1990, with bassist Jim Creeggan and percussionist Andy Creeggan. It was recorded in 1991 at Wellesley Sound by Walter Sobczak in Toronto (except for "Be My Yoko Ono," which had been recorded earlier at Number 9 Audio Group).

It was originally recorded as a demo for the band's performance at South by Southwest. The Yellow Tape did very well, becoming the first indie tape to achieve platinum status in Canada. Although officially self-titled, it is commonly referred to as The Yellow Tape due to its yellow cover.

It was re-released by Cheree Records in CD and vinyl record formats as Barenaked Ladies in the United Kingdom. The UK release dropped the track "Fight the Power."

Early copies of the tape include an error in the J-card notes: drummer Tyler Stewart's name is misspelled as "Steward." It also includes a different address for the band's management.

In 1995, the band's Shoe Box E.P. single featured this recording of "If I Had $1000000," listed officially as "Yellow Tape Version," indicating the band themselves refer to this release by its common name.

Personnel

 * Andy Creeggan - congas, vocals
 * Jim Creeggan - double bass, vocals
 * Steven Page - vocals, guitar
 * Ed Robertson - guitar, vocals
 * Tyler Stewart - drums

 * Production
 * Barenaked Ladies - production
 * Gary Fishman - engineering (track 1)
 * Walter Sobezak - engineering (tracks 2–5)

title: Barenaked Ladies (EP)


text:
User talk:PlumRad

Hello and Welcome! I hope you like the place. --mav

title: User talk:PlumRad


text:
User talk:Ridetheory

Hello and Welcome! I hope you like the place. --mav

Thanks. I've been having fun obsessing on the Walter Knott entry. ridetheory

&#20055&#35500 (ride+theory)-  &#35918&#30505

A fellow roller coaster fan
You should coordinate your work on roller coasters with User:BrandonR. E is also a major contributor to amusement ride articles. I've just been doing some catagorizing in this area, and I noticed you both didn't seem to be working together. I thought I'd try to help this. JesseW 05:17, 15 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Thanks, I may do that as I find time. I only just today looked at Wikipedia for the first time in months. The catagory you created for ride manufacturers was a great idea, by the way. ridetheory

Image tags
Greetings, and thanks for your image contribution.

Image:Ferris ups.jpg needs an image tag., Leonard G. 16:25, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Lee Eyerly
I know this is probably a lost cause, since you haven't edited Wikipedia in nearly 2 years, but I was wondering where you got your information for some of the content in Lee Eyerly. I have been working on trying to find a source that says he was an Oregon State alumni, which the article states, and I have been unable to find one. Thanks, VegaDark 23:07, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Oscar Kiss Maerth

The article Oscar Kiss Maerth has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * A search for references failed to find significant coverage in reliable sources to comply with notability requirements. This included web searches for news coverage, books, and journals, which can be seen from the following links: Oscar Kiss Maerth – news, books, scholar Consequently, this article is about a subject that appears to lack sufficient notability.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing  will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. --Darkwind (talk) 01:55, 28 March 2010 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 08:52, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ridetheory


text: User:Duke~enwiki

title: User:Duke~enwiki


text:
User talk:Duke~enwiki

Hello and Welcome! I hope you like the place. --mav

Interested in an L.A.-area Wiki meetup?
It appears as though L.A. has never had a Wiki meetup. Would you be interested in attending such an event? If so, checkout User:Eric Shalov/Wikimeetup.

- Eric 29 June 2005 01:20 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Duke! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot notifying you on behalf of the the unreferenced biographies team that 1 of the articles that you created  is currently tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 19:38, 18 August 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Paul Marc Davis -

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Duke. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Duke~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:33, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 12:22, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Duke~enwiki


text: User:Samuraise

title: User:Samuraise


text:
User talk:Samuraise

Hello and Welcome! I hope you like the place. --mav

-

I just noticed your correction to the Robin Hood entry about who said what in The Adventures of Robin Hood - do you feel up to doing a similar correction the entry for the actual movie as well? --Paul A

Invitation to the Forgotten Realms project
Invitation to the Forgotten Realms project

Hi,

We are working on a Forgotten Realms Project to map Toril (mostly Faerûn, at the present). Since you contributed quite a lot on a Forgotten Realms-specific entry, I'd like to invite you to join the project, so we could improve the “Mapping the Realms” project.

The goal is to create a sort of World Factbook for the Realms. This means:
 * A consistent content
 * Use of templates
 * Entries should be limited to “sovereign places”: states and free cities, as well a moderately-inhabited place such as the Western Highlands.

On top of this, we also plan to cover Lost Empires, such as Pelvuria or Imaskar and, of course, Netheril

 * The project is located here
 * The Geographical index of Toril is a good start to get a visual of had been done, as well as the Halruaa entry.

Main contributors are presently
 * David Latapie
 * Poulsen

If you know some other person who would be interested, feel free to forward the invitation!

Feel free to take a look. We hope to see you soon mapping the Realms with us! Reply to David Latapie 12:39, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

Proposed Georgia Move
As a past participant in the discussion on how to handle the Georgia pages, I thought you might be interested to know that there's a new attempt to reach consensus on the matter being addressed at Talk:Georgia (country). Please come by and share your thoughts to help form a consensus. --Vengeful Cynic 03:38, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Samuraise


text:
User talk:Basho

Hello and Welcome! I hope you like the place. --mav

Great photos! I especially like the Image:Yuelu-Academy-Hunan-pond.jpg. --Menchi 04:16, 7 Oct 2003 (UTC)

Chicago-Illinois-USA-skyline-day.jpg
Do you still have the original image that this is based on? I'd like to see if I can improve it in Photoshop; I like the composition but I think some postprocessing could improve the image. Thanks, Kelly Martin 00:05, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

Wikimedia Canada
Hi there! I'd like to invite you to explore Wikimedia Canada, and create a list of people interested in forming a local chapter for our nation. A local chapter will help promote and improve the organization, within our great nation. We'd also like to encourage everyone to suggest projects for our national chapter to participate in. Hope to see you there!--DarkEvil 02:08, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

Image:Mapstraction-3map-demo.gif
Hello, Basho. An automated process has found and removed an image or media file tagged as nonfree media, and thus is being used under fair use that was in your userspace. The image (Image:Mapstraction-3map-demo.gif) was found at the following location: User:Basho. This image or media was attempted to be removed per criterion number 9 of our non-free content policy. The image or media was replaced with Image:NonFreeImageRemoved.svg, so your formatting of your userpage should be fine. Please find a free image or    media to replace it with, and or remove the image from your userspace. User:Gnome (Bot)-talk 06:19, 14 May 2007 (UTC)

Palimpsest
Thank you for an excellent photo that expresses and validates the meaning of its accompanying text. Exemplary. --Wetman 16:27, 21 June 2007 (UTC)

File permission problem with File:Toronto-twice-a-house.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:Toronto-twice-a-house.jpg. I noticed that while you provided a valid copyright licensing tag, there is no proof that the creator of the file agreed to license it under the given license.

If you created this media entirely yourself but have previously published it elsewhere (especially online), please either
 * make a note permitting reuse under the CC-BY-SA or another acceptable free license (see this list) at the site of the original publication; or
 * Send an email from an address associated with the original publication to , stating your ownership of the material and your intention to publish it under a free license. You can find a sample permission letter here. If you take this step, add OTRS pending to the file description page to prevent premature deletion.

If you did not create it entirely yourself, please ask the person who created the file to take one of the two steps listed above, or if the owner of the file has already given their permission to you via email, please forward that email to .

If you believe the media meets the criteria at Non-free content, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at File copyright tags, and add a rationale justifying the file's use on the article or articles where it is included. See File copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have provided evidence that their copyright owners have agreed to license their works under the tags you supplied, too. You can find a list of files you have created in [ your upload log]. Files lacking evidence of permission may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Magog the Ogre (talk) 19:24, 21 February 2011 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 08:52, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Nomination of Japanese Canadian Cultural Centre for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Japanese Canadian Cultural Centre is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Japanese Canadian Cultural Centre until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Isingness (talk) 06:59, 31 March 2018 (UTC)

title: User talk:Basho


text:
User:Chrishorrocks

Chris Horrocks lives and works in Philadelphia, PA, USA. He works for the University of Pennsylvania but would much rather live the life of a professional writer of fiction. Texts that I have started or made significant contributions to:
 * Sophie Aldred
 * Apple III
 * Ray Bolger
 * Bonanza
 * The Call of Cthulhu
 * Cincinnatus
 * Tiberius Claudius Nero Caesar Drusus
 * Clownfish
 * Cthulhu
 * Darth Malak
 * Lorne Greene
 * Hand of Omega
 * Infinite Empire
 * Jeremiah Horrocks
 * June 9
 * H.P. Lovecraft
 * The Long Now Project
 * Lord Dunsany
 * Lunar day
 * Lunokhod 1
 * Massachusetts Bay Colony
 * Mayflower Compact
 * Middle-earth
 * Necronomicon
 * Norton I
 * Notable Eccentrics
 * The Pnakotic Manuscripts
 * Pomacanthidae (In error; see Pomacentridae)
 * Rakata
 * Marcus Atilius Regulus
 * Skaro
 * John Tower
 * Toynbee tiles
 * J.R.R. Tolkien
 * Zip the Pinhead (William Henry Johnson)

title: User:Chrishorrocks


text:
User talk:Chrishorrocks

Hello and Welcome! I hope you like the place. --mav

Hi! Did you read Talk:List of notable eccentrics before adding those two Nazis? What is your opinion on where to draw the line? --KF 00:30 Feb 9, 2003 (UTC)

 * I did not read the talk. But I think that one of the things most notable about members of the Nazi Party was either they were very strange or very bland. You could compare and contrast Hermann Göring's bathing in an admiral's uniform with the "banal evil" of nine-to-five genocidal office clerk Adolf Eichmann.

 * Eccentricity might be very inclusive. I'm not sure if a line can be drawn that will satisify everyone. -- Chris Horrocks 9 February 2003 14:46 (UTC)

--

Hi there. There's no need to prefix Dr Who page titles. There is no other "Skaro", or "hand of omega", so these articles are fine at those titles. Obciously the articles must make clear in their opening paragraph that they are abnout something fictional, connected with the tv show. I've moved them back. On the matter of pages for each doctor, I'm not sure, but I'm not keen on the "Doctor Who:First doctor" format. I'll ponder that one... -- Tarquin 21:09 Feb 10, 2003 (UTC)

 * I was particularly concerned by Skaro because I turned up references to it as a proper person and place name in Serb and Swedish. -- Chris Horrocks 22:11 Feb 10, 2003 (UTC)

 * Ah. I stand corrected :-) In that case, we use disambiguation, so the title would be "Skaro (Doctor Who)". But we don't need to worry about it until those other Skaros show up. -- Tarquin 23:38 Feb 10, 2003 (UTC)

 * Okay, then. Thanks for the help! -- Chris Horrocks 11 February 2003 01:22 (UTC)

An additional note: I can't find a reference, but the naming convention for sub-topics appears to be with a slash rather than with a colon, i.e. "Doctor Who/The First Doctor", not "Doctor Who: The First Doctor". Using the colon seems to invoke namespaces, which is something to avoid unless you really know what you're doing. --Paul A 06:53 Feb 11, 2003 (UTC)

 * Just to complicate things further.... slashed "subpages" were phased out a long time ago, it's just we have some old ones still kicking around. - Tarquin

 * Eep. -- Chris Horrocks 11 February 2003 12:45 (UTC)

 * Nope, the colon is OK, it won't invoke any namespace unless there is one with that name. The slash is generally regarded as ugly. And we do allow subpages on user pages, example: /Hello world!. --Eloquence 12:45 Feb 11, 2003 (UTC)

 * Best thing is probably "First Doctor (Doctor Who)", because when writing it we can use the "pipe trick" to hide the part in parentheses. -- Tarquin 16:35 Feb 11, 2003 (UTC)

 * What's a pipe trick? -- Chris Horrocks 11 February 2003 17:47 (UTC)

 * Should be explained in the FAQ and the editing help page. -- Tarquin 19:02 Feb 11, 2003 (UTC) Editing FAQ

 * Got it. Thanks! -- Chris Horrocks 11 February 2003 23:43 (UTC)

Hi, can you tell us the source for your photograph Image:Lovecraft.jpg, and preferably the date it was made. I am trying to determine the copyright status of it. anthony (see warning)

Rakata
Hi, I moved your Rakata page to Rakata (Star Wars); I'll leave it to you to change your user pages.

Happy New Year.

Davenbelle 04:03, Jan 1, 2005 (UTC)

Image:Apple iii.jpg
Burgundavia (✈ take a flight?) 05:39, May 24, 2005 (UTC)

Emperor Norton's grave
I notice you uploaded the picture of his grave- I've saved it from being marked for deletion by adding a fairuse template, but I would really appreciate it if you could add a better/more specific license, or even just add some source details. --Maru (talk) Contribs 16:22, 31 December 2005 (UTC)

Prod
I've added the "prod" template to the article List of people widely considered eccentric, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but I don't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and I've explained why in the article (see also What Wikipedia is not and Importance). Please either work to improve the article if the topic is worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia, or, if you disagree, discuss the issues raised at Talk:List of people widely considered eccentric. If you remove the dated prod template, the article will not be deleted, but note that it may still be sent to Articles for deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached.

Fair use rationale for Image:Ray bolger scarecrow.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:Ray bolger scarecrow.jpg. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. — Save_Us _ 229  14:41, 8 December 2007 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 08:52, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Nomination of Pnakotic Manuscripts for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Pnakotic Manuscripts is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Pnakotic Manuscripts until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 08:57, 24 June 2020 (UTC)

Nomination of Unicron for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Unicron is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Unicron until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article until the discussion has finished. Grandmaster Huon (talk) 15:08, 29 August 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Chrishorrocks


text:
User talk:Deadstar

Note to self
for images moved to commons.

First message
Hello and Welcome! I hope you like the place. --mav

Hi. I just noticed that you started Famous Irish people see List of famous Irish people. They need merging. Mintguy
 * I just noticed that as well. I suggest we keep the Famous Irish people one, as that one is linked from a different/international list of 'famous people'?

List of famous Irish people has more of an edit history, I've redirected Famous Irish people to this page. Mintguy

OK

Howth
Today I moved the dot for Howth from the Sutton location to a more accurate location for Howth on the template. ww2censor 03:23, 17 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately I don't have access to my Irish OS maps (nearly a full set of old half inch maps) but I knew where Howth is, so by trial and error fixed it. I would like to put more templates into Irish towns but getting the correct OS longitude and latitude co-ordinates is quite difficult and time consuming. I used Multimap to find a town and then read to co-ordinates from that when i recenter the map on the town. Do you want to help (if you have access to maps - mine are in Ireland and I am in the US now)? Cheers ww2censor 14:47, 20 April 2006 (UTC)

Re: renaming images
Hey, thanks for the reply, after I posted the question, I found the same answer somewhere else after some intense searching. But thanks for answering nonetheless. Cheers! Murderbike 10:18, 10 June 2007 (UTC)

Karte_Paretz.jpg
Hi. The only reason I can see that I marked it redundant might be because there must have been a .png version of the same image. When I was working on that article .jpg pretty much went out of style for maps and such. Not sure what happened to the .png image though. It should probably be converted and then replaced. Mmounties ( Talk )  22:34, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

Bertrand Meyer image
Hi! I see you added the picture back to Bertrand Meyer -- I thought about doing that myself, but I saw this edit and decided not to. Do you think the image is important enough for the article to justify going against his wishes? I don't know, really. I just want to make sure you saw his edit and thought about it. :) Dreamyshade 07:16, 30 June 2007 (UTC)

Yeah, I'm not sure, and I don't know of any relevant guidelines. Want to bring it up on the Village Pump? Dreamyshade 05:48, 3 July 2007 (UTC)

Matt Sherrod
Hey! Thanks for those images. I'll definitely use the Sherrod one. The Neil Finn one's already in use on his page. If you're interested, there's a Crowded House (and Split Enz, Neil Finn etc) WikiProject and you're more than welcome to sign up. -- linca linca  12:35, 16 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I did see that. Quite amusing, but certainly not encyclopedic or displaying a neutral point of view. You've basically stripped the guts of my crystal and mos issues out ot if, but I'm still adamant they fail notability. Welcome to WT:CROWDIES! -- linca  linca  13:12, 16 July 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject Crowded House
Hi! A discussion has begun at WikiProject Crowded House's talk page regarding the future and goals of the WikiProject. Please feel free to contribute to this discussion in any way you see as being positive. -- linca linca  10:12, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

Caroline Kennedy (singer)
Another editor has added the  template to the article Caroline Kennedy (singer), suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but the editor doesn't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and has explained why in the article (see also What Wikipedia is not and Notability). Please either work to improve the article if the topic is worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia or discuss the relevant issues at its talk page. If you remove the  template, the article will not be deleted, but note that it may still be sent to Articles for deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. BJBot (talk) 06:59, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

St. Patrick photo on Slate
Slate is using your photo without crediting you. They just say "courtesy Wikipedia". I'd complain to them if I were you.— Chowbok  ☠  20:13, 17 March 2008 (UTC)

re:Eliphas Levi
✅ (more at my talk page) -Andrew c [talk] 15:40, 30 March 2009 (UTC)

Wikimedians in Ireland email list.
Hello Deadstar:

I'm pleased to announce that we've started a new Ireland Wikimedian email list, that you can join, at WikimediaIE. For Wikimedians in Ireland and Wikimedians interested in events in Ireland and efforts in Ireland. It's there to to discuss meetups, partnerships with Museums and National Archives, and anything else where Wikipedia and real life intersect :) --Bastique demandez 17:05, 14 May 2009 (UTC)

Larrys Creek
Hi, thanks for the heads up. Although the name had an apostrophe in the 19th century, and some highway signs still spell it that way, the official spelling is Larrys Creek. See this USGS GNIS page. So if you could, please make the official category / name on Commons without an apostrophe. Thanks, Ruhrfisch ><> ° ° 17:17, 26 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Thanks! Ruhrfisch ><> ° ° 20:57, 26 April 2010 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Caroline Kennedy-McCracken

The article Caroline Kennedy-McCracken has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Fails to satisfy WP:BIO.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Terence7 (talk) 00:55, 19 March 2012 (UTC)

Big Foot / Spotted Elk
If anyone came here wondering why I removed the images of "Big Foot" from the pages regarding Massacre at Wounded Knee and Spotted Elk, the photo is of a different Big Foot, from the Oglala tribe. For more about the Big Foots in question: here 1, 2 and 3. :See also the note on Talk:Spotted Elk regarding a removed paragraph about the photograph. Deadstar (talk) 09:51, 4 July 2012 (UTC)

Re: Message on my talkpage
Anette and Annette are different spellings, used in different languages. That's why I reverted it. --Bookworm857158367 (talk) 13:28, 2 July 2013 (UTC)

[[Image patrol]
If you have TWINKLE installed you can send images to PUF/FFD directly without having to Do Not Commons them.

Also http://tools.wmflabs.org/catscan2/catscan2.php?categories=All+free+media&negcats=Self-published+work%0D%0AFreely+licensed+images+of+non-free+subject&ns[6]=1&templates_no=Copy+to+Wikimedia+Commons%0D%0Anow+Commons%0D%0A%3C!--Already+has+information+--%3E%0D%0AInformation%0D%0AGoogle+Art+Project%0D%0A%3C!--+Blocks+on+Commons+Transfer--%3E%0D%0ANon-free+use+rationale%0D%0ANon-free+use+rationale+2%0D%0APD-ineligible-USonly%0D%0ASplit+media%0D%0A%3C!--Shouldn%27t+be+moved--%3E%0D%0Aprotected+generic+image+name%0D%0AKeep+local%0D%0Aesoteric+file%0D%0Auserspace+file%0D%0A%3C!--In+process.--%3E%0D%0Apuf%0D%0Affd%0D%0ANFUR+not+needed&sortby=uploaddate&ext_image_data=1&file_usage_data=1

May be of interest. Most of these are getting on for having been uuploaded 9-10 years ago, and some curation would be appreciated. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 15:09, 14 May 2014 (UTC)

 * Hi, and thanks for your help tidying up after my do-not-move-to-commons. I am not 100% certain on what is allowed on en: - more familiar with what is needed for it to go to COM! My browser doesn't support Twinkle unfortunately (and I can't upgrade/change browser either :. I'll have a look at that catscan thing. Deadstar (talk) 15:33, 14 May 2014 (UTC)

 * See also - Special:Contributions/Sfan00_IMG especially the edit summaries that indicate information was added,

Also you may wish to use Special:ListFiles for a specifc username - https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AListFiles&limit=500&user=J.N.+Houterman for example. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 17:55, 14 May 2014 (UTC)

Uploads of dedicated photographs
Reference: message sent to me regarding the Dedicated Classical Pianist Photographs added to artists sites. These are photos the various artists possess and distribute for publicity purposes, inclusion in programs and any newspaper articles or concert reviews they might receive. Some photos might have been taken by my father, but certainly not most. I was under the impression that when a dedication is made to a party, they are then the owners of said document and can do what they will with it! I feel that they are quite illuminating on a musicians wiki site as they give some insight into their touring, sometimes the number of places where they performed, and frequently their popularity and extra requests to tour again. Please advise me what further steps I can take to satisfy the copyright, as it would be a shame to delete. Aldercraft (talk) 14:20, 22 May 2014 (UTC)

A barnstar for you!

 * No need, but thank you all the same :) Deadstar (talk) 08:22, 3 June 2014 (UTC)

[| PJ Brooke picture]
Not sure what you require in the way of confirmation that this image is CC-BY-SA. The image was sent to me by PJ Brooke, I communicated with the photographer and got permission to use it under that licence. — Preceding unsigned comment added by JonFairbairn (talk • contribs) 15:47, 18 February 2015 (UTC)

Lin Li (the photographer) has now sent an email to permissions-commons@wikimedia.org. — Preceding unsigned comment added by JonFairbairn (talk • contribs) 15:34, 29 March 2015 (UTC)

File:PA230060.JPG
File:PA230060.JPG ([ delete] | talk | [ history] | | [ logs]) – uploaded by  ( [ notify] | contribs | uploads | upload log). Derivative of a toy Deadstar (talk) 10:57, 3 March 2015 (UTC)

 * I do not believe these toys are copyright protected. They themselves are not marked, nor was the packaging that they came in. Historically, poses of toy figures such as these were shamelessly copied by other companies, and I don't believe this would have been possible if they had been copyright protected. I suggest not deleted these or any other images of toy soldiers until the situation can be clarified. Thank you. Jcbutler (talk) 17:48, 4 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your feedback. Deadstar (talk) 10:31, 9 March 2015 (UTC)

File:Bazaar57fn.jpg
The 1957 copyright was originally held by Taffy's of California but was never renewed and fell into the public domain after 28 yrs. The image is now in the public domain and Taffy's of California no longer exists. Schmausschmaus (talk)
 * Hi, and thanks for your comment. The 1957 copyright of the magazine was renewed, this is what I was going on. I will add your note on the discussion (if you have not done so already) as it could help figure out what license applies. It would be great if it was free - it could be moved to Commons if it was. Kind regards, Deadstar (talk) 13:48, 7 July 2015 (UTC)

One last comment. The page and image are not from Harper's Bazaar strictly speaking. They were promotional flyers for Taffy's after Taffy's had commissioned the photo. Harper's Bazaar subsequently published the photo and text ("featured editorially in Harper's Bazaar") but with Taffy's permission. The photo and text belonged to Taffy's.Schmausschmaus (talk)
 * I added your comment to the entry Possibly unfree files/2015 July 7 on this page & pinged you from there. Thanks for your help. Deadstar (talk) 08:51, 8 July 2015 (UTC)

When I was working on the article I had access to archive materials. The image is a Taffy's of California flyer; it is not from a magazine. Harper's Bazaar did later publish the cotton in the evening image as a bonus for the full page ad. The full page ad Taffyhbfn.jpg in those days cost $5,500, about $50,000 in today's money. Taffy's then sent the cotton in the evening image and text, which they owned, to the magazine which included it in their content gratis. That was the way fashion mags worked in those days. Schmausschmaus (talk)

File:Taffyhbfn.jpg
Again, Taffy's of California commissioned and owned the 1956 image and used it in their sales campaign. It is a full page ad in Harper's Bazaar, which Taffy's paid for, not editorial material. Harper's Bazaar reciprocated by running Bazaar57fn.jpg, an image also owned by Taffy's. That was the way fashion mags worked in those days. Taffy's went out of business in 1958, and did not renew the copyright on Taffyhbfn.jpg or Bazaar57fn.jpg after 28 years. Taffyhbfn.jpg, originally an ad, is now public domain. Schmausschmaus (talk)
 * Great, thanks for that. I've added it to the review page. I'd say we're ok to keep this with the license as you have supplied. Deadstar (talk) 15:13, 7 July 2015 (UTC)

FFD
A bunch of your files for deletion entries look like they might have been better tagged as no permission if the author appears to be different from the uploader. Saves a little bureaucracy, unless there was some reason you don't use that, no source, etc. – czar   04:42, 30 July 2015 (UTC)

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File:Takis.JPG
Thanks you for observing that this image has been replaced and it is no longer required. We need an administrator to delete it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Futuristas (talk • contribs) 17:25, 7 March 2016 (UTC)

Van Epperson Photo
I am not a computer person and do not understand the technical aspects of Wikipedia.

I am an actor named Van Epperson.

You have marked my personal photo/headshot on my Wikipedia listing for deletion, apparently because I listed the name of my friend who took it as the photographer. You have claimed it is does not show proper copyright permission for public distribution. This is my own personal photo. No one owns it but me and I have the right to list my friend's name who took the photo for me. I believe I put it up with full permission for anyone to use it -- and no one can do that but me -- I own the photo -- it is of me, taken with my own camera by my friend Christopher Anderson. It is a headshot I use professionally. It is all over the web on lots of different websites because I posted it myself. It is publicly displayed in multiple places for anyone to see and use.

If an actor cannot post his own photo that he owns without someone like you marking it for deletion over some made up incorrect assumption that has no basis whatsoever in truth or reality, that really sux.

Please remove whatever you have done to mark my photo of myself for deletion and allow it to remain on my Wikipedia listing. Yes, anyone can use it. It is a public photo. That is why I posted it. Again, it is a photo of ME, that was taken by my friend Christopher Anderson at my request. He is not a professional photographer, he is just my friend. He does not own the photo, I do. He has nothing whatsoever to do with it other than taking it for me, again, at MY REQUEST.

I am completely offended that you have marked my photo for deletion when it is a photo of me, taken at my request, posted on Wikipedia by me. If the permission/copyright needs amendment, I do NOT know how to do that. I attempted to understand the Wikipedia instructions connected to your unwarranted attacking of my photo by marking it for deletion but I did not comprehend them.

Again, please remove whatever you have done to mark my photo for "possible deletion". I would appreciate hearing back from you regarding this so I know my photo will not be removed over your unfounded assumptions. Please write me back on my page, so I will get the message like I got this one or I will never see it.Yeswolf (talk) 17:29, 8 March 2016 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Yeswolf (talk • contribs) 17:25, 8 March 2016 (UTC)

Noah Howard Photo
Hi, not sure if this is the right place for my reply regarding your copyright concern. Apologies if not. I am not clear what your issue is with the photo; copyright is with Noah Howard on whose behalf I added the pic. Happy to answer your questions and clarify this. Best, Samkange — Preceding unsigned comment added by Samkange (talk • contribs) 17:43, 10 April 2016 (UTC)

Twinkle is broken
See Special:Diff/714701730, Special:Diff/714719715 and WT:FFD. If you wish to list a file on FFD before it's fixed, remember to restore the other requests on the page after listing the file. --Stefan2 (talk) 13:09, 11 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Hey - thanks for the note & fixing, didn't notice (obviously)... Deadstar (talk)
 * Is it just me though? Deadstar (talk) 14:00, 11 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Several users have cleared the page today, see the page history. When you cleared the page, I discovered that I had cleared the page myself when listing another file a bit earlier. I think that I found all of the missing requests and readded them. --Stefan2 (talk) 14:17, 11 April 2016 (UTC)

John Safer -Deleted Pictures
Hi, The permissions for both pictures (Quest-Foundry.jpg, Quest-at Hopkins.jpg) were emailed after the first note was added to the article. Can you please check and revert the changes? The permissions were emailed as per Wikipedia instructions.

Thank you for your time!!Pilot03 (talk) 02:14, 30 April 2016 (UTC)Pilot03

FYI
I did have OTRS permission. I was literally an OTRS volunteer.

 hmwith  ☮  02:24, 31 December 2016 (UTC)

`

William Alexander Young Memorial
The memorial to Young and Noguchi is in the grounds of Korle Bu Hospital, Accra. I've sent a query to the hospital to double check it's still there. it was, last time I spoke to them. The original photograph of the memorial is in my archive, as are all other photographs on this page. Copyright is owned by Young's grandson, Nicholas Jones, who co-operated in writing this article. Bethbs (talk) 10:45, 3 April 2020 (UTC)Bethbs

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title: User talk:Deadstar


text:
User:Iulianu

Iulian Ursache-Dogariu, aged 25, CompSci engineer, originally from Iaşi, Romania, now living in London.

Licensing blurb
see User:Iulianu/Copyrights

Incomplete list of contributions
Built from scratch: Transsylvania Phoenix

Significantly expanded: Ion Antonescu. Counties of Romania, Music of Romania, Nicolae Malaxa

Stub-started: CS Poli Unirea Iaşi, Sabin Bălaşa, Bogdan Olteanu

de:Benutzer:Iulianu es:Usuario:Iulianu fr:Utilisateur:Iulianu it:Utente:Iulianu ro:Utilizator:Iulianu sv:Användare:Iulianu

title: User:Iulianu


text:
User talk:Iulianu

Hello and Welcome! I hope you like the place. --mav

Bună, nu te-ar interesa să colaborezi la Wikipedia în română? --Danutz

Bun articolul despre Leu, bravo! Masi27185 16:43, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

De ce ai mutat articolele despre alegerile din România de la "election" la "elections" ? În engleză se foloseşte singularul în acest caz. Vezi U.S. presidential election%2C 2004 de exemplu. Bogdan | Talk 13:13, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Election results
Could you possibly add the number and percentage of seats to Chamber of Deputies of Romania and Senate of Romania? I've added a commented-out table to both to put the data into. -- ChrisO 09:52, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Băsescu
Thank you for your " sailor " edit. I agree; I said roughly this several months ago at Talk:Traian_B%C4%83sescu.

By the way, the top of this user talk page says "I am on Wikibreak until 30 June". Does that mean you are basically on break from this for the next 9 months, or is that an outdated note? -- Jmabel | Talk 02:01, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Oops, thanks for the notice. It was actually 30 June 2005 :-) IulianU 09:08, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

User Categorisation
You were listed on the Wikipedians/Europe page as living in or being associated with Europe. As part of the User categorisation project, these lists are being replaced with user categories. If you would like to add yourself to the category that is replacing the page, please visit Category:Wikipedians in Europe for instructions.--Rmky87 04:07, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

Compromis despre Iasi
Putem spune ca Iasi a fost capitala principatelor Moldovei si Munteniei? Iar ai poze cu Palatul Unirii? --Anittas 18:47, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

Care oras a fost capitala principatelor intre anii 1859-1862? Faptul ca scrie acest lucru pe pagina oficiala a Iasului dovedeste ca nu e o minciuna. --Anittas 19:09, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

Bine, deci de facto, si Iasi si Bucuresti au fost centre de administratie - adica capitale, intre 1859-1862. Putem scri asta? --Anittas 19:24, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

Am scris. Vezi daca mai trebuie ceva. Incu un lucru: pe Wiki, in acest articol, scria o data ca Iasi trebuia compensat de Bucuresti pentru pierderea lui de status de capitala. Stii ceva despre asta? --Anittas 19:36, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

Pai eu am citit asta pe Wiki. Inainte nu stiam de aceasta despagubire si nu sunt sigur daca a fost adevarat. De asta te-am intrebat pe tine. --Anittas 20:53, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

Sailor
According to the definition of sailor, Băsescu was one:
 * A sailor is a member of the crew of a ship or boat. The term may comprise anyone from an admiral in the navy to a person who goes out yachting at weekends as a hobby.

bogdan | Talk 13:39, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

Thank you very much...
... for the translation help on my user talk page. I don't think I could have worked some of that out. It's interesting: I can usually read the newspapers (as you can see, I had no trouble at all with [Talk:Romania#One_million_romanians_in_Italy an Ev. Z. article] he recently pasted into a talk page), or 'Dilema', or 'Observatur Cultural', or most Romanian Wikipedia articles, but I often can't read more casual off-the-cuff writing like this. Y'know, my user page only claims "ro-2"... -- Jmabel | Talk 02:51, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

RfC for 86.105.71.34
Hi. I've approved the Rfc for User:86.105.71.34. The extent to which he has made false edits, especially relating to statistics, is quite amazing, spanning everything from mobile phone data to GDP per capita! That is what particularly annoys me - the falsification of numerical data, because numerical data can either be right or wrong. Other changes are more subtle and open to interpretation, but stating things like Romania has 13 million mobile phone users is clearly a lie! Ronline 07:51, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

Iulian, could you weigh in at Wikipedia_talk:Requests_for_comment/86.105.71.34? -- Jmabel | Talk 18:41, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

If you are willing to translate his remarks at User_talk:Jmabel, I'd welcome it. As I've said, for me, translating colloquial Romanian is pretty laborious. I believe I understand most of what he said, including a mocking echo of something I said about him having potential to be a good contributor, but I'm not putting any further large amounts of time to him unless and until he is willing to engage in the dispute resolution process. -- Jmabel | Talk 20:06, 6 November 2005 (UTC)

Teoria Roesleriana
Am vazut ca ai pus inapoi niste text pe care l-am sters in articolul Romanian Language. Am pus un comment sa vezi ce aveam de gand. Cred ca e confuzie cu teoria lui R. Roesler si ca e o referire formulata gresit. Nu crezi ca ar trebui sters? Daca chiar se refera la teoria imigrationista, nu are ce cauta acolo. --Rares 03:00, 20 November 2005 (UTC)

=Ronline for Admin=

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_adminship/Ronline and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_adminship#Ronline. I have nominated Ronline to be Administrator for English Wikipedia. Let's vote for him! Bonaparte  talk  &  contribs

Our forum
Welcome to the Romanian Wikipedia notice board! This page is a portal for all Romanian-related topics and a place for Romanian editors to gather and socialize and debate. Discussions are encouraged, in both English and Romanian. Post any inquiry under their relevant cathegory.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Romanian_Wikipedian%27s_notice_board

--Anittas 17:49, 4 December 2005 (UTC)

Hungarian town names
Please have a look at whenever you will be back. We are still undecided, and maybe your reasoning for removing Hungarian names from Romanian towns pages will gain support.

Translation
Képzelj el egy olyan világot, ahol mindenki szabadon hozzáférhet az emberiség egyetemes tudásának összességéhez. Mi ezen dolgozunk. És szükségünk van a segítségedre. Wikipédia magyarul

-nagytibi ! ? 00:34, 20 January 2006 (UTC)

Meetup/Birmingham
This is just a reminder that the Birmingham meetup of UK Wikipedians that you have expressed an interst in is happening tomorrow. Sorry for the short notice. Thryduulf 15:22, 20 January 2006 (UTC)

Romanians
Salut. Te-am contactat pt avem serioase probleme la articolul wikipedian despre Romanians. Dupa cum vezi, user-ii Jayig si administratorul SlimVirgin au pus cele mai joase cifre posibile. Cand am incercat sa intervin, punand numerele adevarate, am fost blocat pt "vanadalism", asa trebuie ca toti wikipedistii Romani sa facem ceva. Daca te intereseaza si vrei sa te alaturi, da-mi un email sau scrie pe pagina talk Romanians. Numai bine, NorbertArthur 2 Aprilie 2006

Wikimedia Romania
Hi lulianu, My name is Nathan Carter and I am a member of the Wikimedia Foundation's Chapter's Committee. We are presently in the process of verifying the details of proposed chapter's contact people and checking on the status of each proposal, you are listed as the contact for Wikimedia Romania. If you could contact me either on meta or via e-mail (cartmanau-at-gmail.com) and let me know if you are still the contact person for the chapter and provide a quick run down on where you guys are at it would be greatly appreciated. Cheers --Cartman02au 23:14, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Iulianu! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 2 of the articles that you created  are tagged as Unreferenced Biographies of Living Persons. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to insure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. if you were to bring these articles up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the articles are adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the list:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 20:53, 8 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Marian Petre Miluţ -
 * 2) Bogdan Olteanu -

WikiProject Romania
--Codrin.B (talk) 04:19, 21 January 2012 (UTC)

Nomination of StarTeam for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article StarTeam is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/StarTeam until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. Mdann52 (talk) 18:43, 10 October 2012 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of File:Erasmus Bridge Rotterdam.JPG

A tag has been placed on File:Erasmus Bridge Rotterdam.JPG requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section F2 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is an image page for a missing or corrupt image or an empty image description page for a Commons-hosted image.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Stefan2 (talk) 22:06, 7 October 2015 (UTC)

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Proposed deletion of File:RON-100ronav.jpg

The file File:RON-100ronav.jpg has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Orphaned image. A higher resolution, non-watermarked image is already hosted on Commons File:100 lei. Romania, 2005 a.jpg"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the file's talk page.

Please consider addressing the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and files for discussion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. ★ Bigr   Tex  20:59, 8 July 2019 (UTC)

title: User talk:Iulianu