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Ås, Akershus

Ås is a municipality in Akershus county, Norway. It is part of the Follo traditional region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Ås. The parish of Aas was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt).

Ås is one of the fastest-growing municipalities in Akershus, with a population of 20,652 in 2020, and an increase of 539 in 2008. Ås is the largest agricultural municipality of Akershus, and home to the Norwegian University of Life Sciences and the amusement park Tusenfryd.

Etymology
The parish was named after the old Ås (Norse Áss) farm, since the first church was built there. The name is identical with the word áss meaning "hill", "ridge" or "esker" (height in moraine landscape). Prior to 1921, the name was spelled Aas.

Coat-of-arms
The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 23 July 1982. The three silver diamonds are a symbol for the many archaeological findings in the area. The diamond (rhombus) shape was taken as it resembled many of the axes found in the area (Nøstvet ax). The silver colour resembles the flint, which the tools were made of. The number of three diamonds was chosen to represent the three parishes in the municipality: Ås, Kroer and Nordby.

Economy
The most important source of income is agriculture. Ås is the largest agricultural municipality of Akershus: providing the region with grain, vegetables, and dairy products. Of the 101 km2 of land in the municipality, about 39 km2 are farmed and about 46 km2 are forested.

The park at NMBU
The park at Norwegian University of Life Sciences is one of the largest and most completed neoclassical parka facilities in Norway. The park today appears as a result of the docent Olav L. Moen's plans from around 1924. The park is located at highway 152 towards Drøbak, about 1 kilometre west of Ås town centre. The entire park area is about 600 acres and is used for recreation and teaching. The park contains 800 different types of shrubs and trees, a teaching field with just over 200 perennial species and a rosarium founded in 1965. The plant species are collected family and family. Most of the plants are labelled so that it is possible for plant enthusiasts to orient themselves in the plant collection. The park is an integral part of NMBU.

Leonardo da Vinci Bridge
In Nygårdskrysset in Ås municipality over The European route E18 lies the 108-metre-long Leonardo Da Vinci project which is a project by the painter and artist Vebjørn Sandas part of his Da Vinci project. Vebjørn Sand saw the drawings of the bridge for the first time in 1985. Later in 1995 he saw a model of the bridge on display in Stockholm, and got the idea to build the bridge in full size.

The bridge was opened in October 2001. The bridge has received solid media coverage in Norway and in the rest of the world. In the United States, the bridge has been featured in CNN, Washington Post, The New York Times and Time Magazine. Leonardo da Vinci presented a miniature model of the bridge in 1502 that was originally designed by the Turkish sultan Bayezid II and intended to cross the Golden Horn at the Bosporos-Strait. The bridge was originally supposed to be 240 metres long.

Transportation
Ås Station is a train station served by the line R21 of the Oslo Commuter Rail, operated by the Vy. Two of Norway's largest highways, European route E6 and European route E18, run through the municipality, and many of the inhabitants commute to Oslo.

A 240 m bridge, which is a smaller-scale recreation of a bridge that Leonardo da Vinci proposed in 1502 for the crossing of the Golden Horn, is located in the municipality. It was created by Norwegian painter and artist Vebjørn Sand as part of his Da Vinci project. The bridge serves as a pedestrian crossing over European route E18.

Population
As of 1 January 2020, Ås municipality covers 101.3 km² and has 20,652 inhabitants. In 2007, the Ås urban area had a population of 8,095. The municipality also contains one additional urban area, Togrenda, with a population of 2,783. Also, 1,566 inhabitants live in the Ski urban area.

Notable residents

 * Christian Magnus Falsen (1782–1830) – Norwegian constitutional father, jurist and historian; lived in Ås from 1808
 * Ragnar Skancke (1890 in Ås – executed 1948) electrical engineer, appointed Govt. Minister in Vidkun Quisling's Nasjonal Samling government; the last person to be executed in Norway
 * Birger Hønningstad (1904 in Ås – 1976) an engineer and aircraft designer
 * Karen Holtsmark (1907 in Ås – 1998) a Norwegian painter
 * Odd Tandberg (1924 in Ås – 2017) a Norwegian painter and printmaker
 * Øystein Wiik (born 1956) actor and singer
 * Solveig Kringlebotn (born 1963) a Norwegian operatic soprano
 * Edvard Skagestad (born 1988 in Ås) a Norwegian footballer with 230 club caps
 * K-391 (Kenneth Osberg Nilsen) (born 1994) a music producer

Sister cities
The following cities are twinned with Ås:
 * 🇸🇪 – Ljungby Municipality, Kronoberg County, Sweden
 * 🇫🇮 – Paimio, Länsi-Suomi, Finland
 * – Holbæk Municipality, Region Sjælland, Denmark

title: Ås, Akershus


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Frogn

Frogn is a municipality in Akershus county, Norway. It is part of the Follo traditional region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Drøbak. Frogn was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The city of Drøbak was merged with Frogn on 1 January 1962.

Frogn is located at the southern part of the peninsula between the main Oslofjord and Bunnefjorden. It borders Nesodden, Ås and Vestby.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Frogn farm (Old Norse: Fraun), since the first church was built here. The name must be very old and the meaning is unknown. One theory is that it is derived from the Norse word frauð which means "manure" and the meaning would then be "the fertilized field" (see also Frogner and Tøyen).

Prior to 1889, the name was written "Fron". Between 1837 and 1865, the name of the municipality was Drøbak landdistrikt.

Coat-of-arms
The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 20 May 1988. The arms symbolize the Oscarsborg Fortress in silver on a blue background. The fortress is on the Drøbaksund in the Oslofjord in the municipality. The fortress was built in the late 19th century and played a major role in the defence of Norway in the beginning of World War II.

Notable people

 * Niels Carlsen (1734 in Drøbak – 1809) a timber merchant, landowner, shipowner and banker
 * Jens Carl Peter Brandt (1848 in Frogn – 1912) lawyer, property owner and Mayor of Frogn, 1884 to 1895
 * Carl Julius Evensen (1851 in Drøbak – 1937) a Norwegian shipmaster and Antarctic explorer
 * Håkon Anton Fagerås (born 1975 in Drøbak) a Norwegian sculptor
 * Gunnar Isachsen (1868 in Drøbak – 1939) a Norwegian military officer and polar scientist
 * Louise Isachsen (1875 in Drøbak – 1932) a physician, Norway's first female surgeon
 * Per Deberitz (1880 in Drøbak – 1945) a Norwegian neo-impressionist painter
 * Viggo Brun (1885–1978 in Drøbak) a professor, mathematician and number theorist
 * Noralv Teigen (1932 – 2017 in Drøbak) an actor, theatre instructor and theatre director
 * Øystein Øystå (1934–2014) a Norwegian writer and long-jumper, lived in Drøbak
 * Olav Skjevesland (1942 in Drøbak – 2019) theologian, Bishop of Agder og Telemark
 * Martin Schanche (born 1945) former racing driver, now aspiring politician, lives in Drøbak
 * Terje Mikkelsen (born 1957 in Drøbak) a Norwegian conductor
 * Solveig Kringlebotn (born 1963 in Drøbak) Norwegian operatic soprano
 * Sven Ombudstvedt (born 1966) a businessperson, CEO of Norske Skog, lives in Drøbak
 * Arifur Rahman (born 1984) a Bangladeshi-Norwegian political cartoonist, illustrator and animator; lives in Drøbak

Sport

 * Gunnar Andersen (1890 in Drøbak – 1968) a footballer with 46 caps for Norway and ski jumper
 * Tore Johannessen (1922–2005) an ice hockey referee, lived in Drøbak
 * Pål Trulsen (born 1962) a curler, team gold medallist at 2002 Winter Olympics
 * Anders Pedersen (sailor) (born 1991), is a Norwegian competitive sailor.
 * Andrine Tomter (born 1995) a footballer with 170 club caps and 16 with Norway women
 * Viktor Hovland (born 1997) a Professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour grew up in Drøbak

Twin towns — Sister cities
The following cities are twinned with Frogn:
 * 🇸🇪 - Åmål, Västra Götaland County, Sweden
 * 🇫🇮 - Loimaa, Länsi-Suomi, Finland
 * 🇪🇪 - Türi, Järva County. Estonia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Frogn


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Nesodden

Nesodden is a municipality in Akershus in Akershus county, Norway. It is part of the Greater Oslo Region and many residents of the peninsula Nesodden commute to work in Oslo.

It is part of the traditional region of Follo. The administrative centre of the municipality is Nesoddtangen. The parish of Næsodden was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt.

Name
The name (Old Norse: Nesoddi) is an old district name. The first element is nes which means "headland" and the last element is (the definite form of) odde which means "point".

The very tip of the peninsula is called Nesoddtangen, where the last element is (the definite form of) tange which means "spit". In fact, all three elements in this name have (nearly) the same meaning, so it can be translated roughly as peninsula-peninsula-peninsula.

Nesodden Church
Nesodden Church (Nesodden kirke) is located in Nesodden parish in Follo rural deanery. The Medieval, Romanesque church is situated southeast of the village of Nesodden. The building material is stone and brick. It was built in 1175. It has a rectangular nave and lower, narrower choir. The church is of long plan and has 130 seats. In the church, there is a Renaissance pulpit from about 1600 decorated with paintings of Jesus and the four Evangelists. The altarpiece from 1715 was carved by Johan Jørgen Schram with a motif showing Jesus in Gethsemane. Domenico Erdmann conducted restoration during 1920. The baptismal font made in clay stone and dates from the Middle Ages.

The church was renovated several times between the 17th and the 20th centuries. The chancel was extended in 1714. The church was most recently restored between 1956 and 1960, both times under the direction of architect Ragnar Nilsen (1896–1986). The church celebrated its 800th anniversary during 1975.

Sunnaas Hospital
Sunnaas Hospital, founded in 1954 as a nursing home, was authorized as a hospital in 1960, primarily to treat polio patients from Oslo in cooperation with Oslo City Hospital. The hospital is a university hospital today.

Geography
Nesodden is located on the tip of the peninsula between main Oslofjord and its arm Bunnefjorden. It includes the villages Hellvik, Fjellstrand, Bjørnemyr, Nesoddtangen, and Fagerstrand, which is also the name of a reality show that was filmed on Fagerstrand and aired on TV 2 during the first half of 2005.

Coat of arms
The coat of arms is designed by the architect Christian Doxrud (1917–2002) and authorized 12 December 1986. The coat of arms shows a silver triangle on a blue background as a canting of the geographical position of the municipality, which is situated on a peninsula in the Oslofjord.

The Nesodden Ferries
Most Nesodden residents rely on a 5 km ferry connection from Nesoddtangen to access Oslo, as the distance by road is 45 km. Nesoddtangen has passenger ferry connections to Lysaker in Bærum (8 min) and Aker Brygge in Oslo (23 min).

Notable residents
Several notable Norwegians live in Nesodden.
 * scientists: professor, archeologist Christian Keller, professor em. neuroanatomist Terje Lømo and med. professor Johan Stanghelle
 * politicians: Jan Balstad, Gunnar Garbo, Christian Hintze Holm, Dagfinn Høybråten, Rikke Lind and Nina Sandberg
 * polar explorer: Børge Ousland
 * athletes: Aleksander Fjeld Andersen and Stig Roar Husby
 * actors: Gard B. Eidsvold, Pål Sverre Valheim Hagen, Espen Klouman Høiner, Jørgen Langhelle, Hildegunn Riise,  Bjørn Sundquist and Stein Winge,
 * authors: Olav Njølstad, Hanne Ørstavik, Øystein Rakkenes and Aksel Sandemose
 * painters: Ulf Kristiansen, Wenche Øyen, Per Kleiva, Helge Revold and cartoonist Roar Hagen
 * musicians/singers/songwriters: John Bevan, Geir Johnson, Rune Kristoffersen, Sondre Lerche, Madden, Trine Rein, Alexander Rybak, Satyr (Sigurd Wongraven) and Per Øystein Sørensen
 * news presenters: Bjørn Hansen
 * comedian: Åsleik Engmark
 * models: Helene Rask, Anette Stai
 * artists: Kristian Skylstad, Christian Tony Norum

 * and
 * former residents: politicians Kåre Kristiansen, Reiulf Steen, Kjell Magne Bondevik and Tora Aasland; lawyer Arne Haugestad, musician Thomas "Happy-Tom" Seltzer and terrorist Anders Cameroon Østensvig Dale

Related reading

 * Kristensen, Tom (1975) Nesodden kirke, et gammelt hus (Nesodden kommune / Aschehoug forlag)

title: Nesodden


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Oppegård

Oppegård is an area in Nordre Follo, Akershus, Norway. Oppegård was a municipality in the county Akershus.

It is part of the traditional region of Follo. The administrative centre of the municipality was the village of Kolbotn. The municipality of Oppegård was separated from the municipality of Nesodden on 1 July 1915. Oppegård municipality had an area of 37 km², hence it was the smallest municipality in Akershus by area.

On 1 January 2020, Oppegård municipality was merged with Ski into the new Nordre Follo municipality.

Within Oppegård, there is an eponymous village.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Oppegård farm (Old Norse: Uppigarðr), since the first church was built here. The first element is uppi which means "upper" and the last element is garðr which means "farm". (The farm is probably a part of an older and bigger farm.)

Coat-of-arms
The coat-of-arms were granted on 6 August 1976. The arms show 17 gold triangles on a black background. The 17 triangles symbolize 17 trees, which again symbolize the 17 old farms in the municipality. Most of the farms lie in an area called Svartskog ('black forest'), so the arms are canting arms.

History
Oppegård has been populated since the end of the last ice age. Archeological remains of hunter-gatherer societies dating back to 5000–6000 BCE have been found, as well as the remains of agricultural settlements from 1000 to 2000 BCE. The main southern roads connecting Oslo to Sweden and Denmark have passed through Oppegård since the Iron Age.

19 farms from the Middle Ages, have been counted.

The former municipality was created from the eastern part of the municipality of Nesodden in 1915. At the time, the population of Oppegård was only 600. The 1960s and 1970s saw a population boom, as larger housing projects established the Oppegård villages as suburbs of Oslo. The commercial centres along the main railroad axis is examples of the functionalist architecture characteristic of that period of urbanization in Scandinavia.

Arctic explorer Roald Amundsen lived in Svartskog and his house is now a museum, administered by the municipality. Svartskog is also home to a medieval stone church, and is likely the oldest settlement in Oppegård.

Politics
Since 1968, coinciding with the population boom, the Conservative Party of Norway (Høyre) has held either a majority or plurality of representatives in the municipal council. Several leading politicians for Høyre began their political careers as mayors of Oppegård, including Rolf Presthus (mayor from 1968 to 1970, Conservative Party Leader and Minister of Finance) and Jan Petersen (mayor from 1975 to 1981, Conservative Party Leader and Minister of Foreign Affairs). Oppegård is demographically an urban middle class area, demographically similar to Bærum and Asker and a traditional stronghold for Høyre.

Former Prime Minister and leader of the Christian Democratic Party Kjell Magne Bondevik lives in Oppegård.

Party representation in the Council 2007-2011

Conservatives: 15 Labour: 7 Progress Party: 4 Liberal Party: 2 Socialist Left: 2 Christian People's Party: 1

Geography
Oppegård is located at the eastern coast of Bunnefjorden (originally called "Foli", like the Årungen lake to the south), which is an arm of Oslofjord. It includes the villages Oppegård, Svartskog, and Kolbotn. The landscape is dominated by a vast part of the north–south oriented lake Gjersjøen, which roughly divides the district into western and eastern sections. The lake Kolbotnvannet is located here as well. The undeveloped areas are largely covered by forest.

Oppegård is a largely residential suburb of Oslo, but also a business hub. It hosts the Norwegian headquarters of several larger corporations (including Kodak and IBM) within its borders. Tax revenues from large corporations made Oppegård one of Norway's richest municipalities in the 1980s and 1990s. These revenues, and the wealth they brought, were lost in the 2000s when corporations were made to pay taxes directly to the national government, rather than the local government.

Commuter trains connect Oppegård to Oslo, and makes the neighbourhoods close to the train stations (Rosenholm, Kolbotn, Solbråtan, Myrvoll, Greverud, and Oppegård) popular residential areas.

Notable people

 * Jørgen Stubberud (1883 in Svartskog – 1980) polar explorer on the Amundsen's South Pole expedition, 1910 and 1912
 * Liv Nergaard (1924 in Oppegård – 2016) a painter, textile artist, and sculptor
 * Eva Bergh (1926 in Kolbotn – 2013) a Norwegian actress
 * Tore Linné Eriksen (born 1945 in Kolbotn) a historian, focusing on Southern Africa
 * Jan Petersen (born 1946) politician, Mayor of Oppegård, 1975 to 1981
 * Sylvi Graham (born 1951) a Norwegian politician, Mayor of Oppegård 1995 to 2004
 * Lisa Aisato (born 1981 in Kolbotn) a visual artist, illustrator and author of picture books
 * Iman Meskini (born 1997 in Langhus) a Norwegian actress

Musicians

 * Radka Toneff (d. 1982), jazz singer, grew up in Kolbotn
 * Eivind Aarset (born 1961 in Kolbotn) a Norwegian jazz guitarist
 * Øyvind Sauvik (born 1976) stage name Vinni, a musician and hip hop artist, works in Kolbotn
 * Haddy N'jie (born 1979 in Kolbotn) a singer, songwriter, writer and journalist
 * Siri Wålberg (born 1980 in Oppegård) a Norwegian pop singer / songwriter
 * Eivind Lønning (born 1983 in Kolbotn) a jazz trumpeter
 * Joakim With Steen (born 1989 in Kolbotn) stage name Jowst, a music producer and songwriter
 * Gylve Fenris Nagell, known as Fenriz (Born 1971 in Kolbotn), drummer for Darkthrone
 * Ted Skjellum, known as Nocturno Culto (Born 1972 in Kolbotn), vocalist for Darkthrone

Sister cities
The following cities are twinned with Oppegård:
 * - Hvidovre, Region Hovedstaden, Denmark
 * 🇱🇹 - Širvintos, Vilnius County, Lithuania
 * 🇸🇪 - Sollentuna, Stockholm County, Sweden
 * 🇫🇮 - Tuusula, Uusimaa, Finland

title: Oppegård


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Soyuz 2

Soyuz 2 (Союз 2, Union 2) was an uncrewed spacecraft (capsule number 7K-OK-P No. 11) in the Soyuz family, intended to be the target of a docking maneuver by the crewed Soyuz 3 spacecraft. It was intended to be the first docking of a crewed spacecraft in the Soviet space program. Although the two craft approached closely, the docking did not take place and the first successful Soviet docking of crewed spacecraft took place in the joint Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5 mission. It served for the radio search and as a target vehicle for docking by the crewed Soyuz 3. Soyuz 2 soft-landed in a predetermined area of the Soviet Union, near the village of Maiburnak, southwest of the city of Karaganda.

Mission parameters

 * Mass: 6520 kg
 * Perigee: 196.0 km
 * Apogee: 200.0 km
 * Inclination: 51.65°
 * Period: 88.50 minutes

"Crew" hoax
Conceptual artist Joan Fontcuberta claimed in 1997 that Soyuz 2 was crewed by Ivan Istochnikov and a dog named Kloka, who disappeared on 26 October 1968, with signs of having been hit by a meteorite. According to Fontcuberta, Soviet officials deleted Istochnikov from official Soviet history to avoid embarrassment; however, the "Sputnik Foundation" discovered Istochnikov's "voice transcriptions, videos, original annotations, some of his personal effects, and photographs taken throughout his lifetime". The exhibition of artifacts (e.g., photographs) related to "Soyuz 2" was shown in many countries, including Spain, France, Portugal, Italy, Mexico, Japan, and the United States. Among other reactions to the exhibition, a Russian ambassador "got extremely angry because [Fontcuberta] was insulting the glorious Russian past and threatened to present a diplomatic complaint".

Several lines of evidence available since the first exhibition of "Sputnik" in 1997 in Madrid suggested that the story and artifacts form an elaborate hoax:

 * The name "Ivan Istochnikov" is a Russian translation of Joan Fontcuberta's name; in specific, "Joan" and "Ivan" both translate to "John" and "Fontcuberta" and "Istochnikov" both mean "hidden fountain".
 * The photographs of Istochnikov show Fontcuberta's face.
 * Pages of the official website of the Madrid exhibition contain the words "PURE FICTION" toward the top of each page in light red text on a dark red background or light pink text on a white background.
 * The front and rear endpapers of the catalog accompanying the Madrid exhibition have the words "it's all fiction" in Russian and Spanish printed on them using glow-in-the-dark ink.
 * At the website of Spanish newspaper El Mundo, the third of three pages concerning the Madrid exhibition states that "the report which we published on the previous pages is a product of his [Fontcuberta's] imagination".

title: Soyuz 2


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Asker

Asker (Asker), also called Asker proper (Askerbygda or gamle Asker in Norwegian), is a district and former municipality in Akershus, Norway. From 2020 it is part of the larger administrative municipality Asker (also known as Greater Asker ) together with the traditional Buskerud districts Røyken and Hurum; Asker proper constitutes the northern fourth and is part of the Greater Oslo Region. The administrative centre was the town of Asker, which remains so for the new larger municipality. Asker was established as a parish in the Middle Ages and as a municipality on 1 January 1838.

History
Since the Middle Ages, the Asker parish consisted of the later municipalities Asker and Bærum. In the 19th century Bærum became the Vestre Bærum and Østre Bærum parish, and Asker and Bærum were also established as separate municipalities.

In 2020, Asker merged with Røyken and Hurum to form Asker Municipality, a larger administrative region than traditional/geographical Asker. The newly-formed Asker Municipality was made part of Viken County immediately following the 2020 merge. However, Viken dissolved on January 1, 2024, returning Asker (with the addition of Røyken and Hurum) to the county of Akershus.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Asker farm, since the first church was built here. The name (Old Norse: Askar) is the plural form of ask which means "ash tree".

Coat-of-arms
The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 7 October 1975. The arms show a green background with three silver-colored tree trunks (askekaller) and are thus canting arms. The trees are ashes, which were cropped every year to provide food for the animals. The trees thus developed after many years a very typical shape, which was characteristic for the area.

Place of the Millennium
In 1998, just before the millennium, the 'Askerbøringer' (the inhabitants of Asker) elected the beautiful area of Semsvannet including the mountain ridge Skaugumsåsen – to be their Place of the Millennium.

Geography
Its main parts are Asker, Gullhella, Vollen, Vettre, Blakstad, Bleiker, Borgen, Drengsrud, Dikemark, Vardåsen, Engelsrud, Holmen, Høn, Hvalstad, Billingstad, Nesøya, Nesbru, and Heggedal. Asker is a coastal place with many beaches, but also contains hills and woods. The district is known for many important businesses. It is also known for gardening. The Skaugum estate, where Crown Prince Haakon of Norway lives with his family, is situated here. The first IKEA store outside of Sweden opened at Slependen in Asker in 1963. There are many hiking/ sightseeing spots around Asker; such as Semsvannet lake and Drengsrud cultural path around the area.

Municipality reform
As part of the municipality reform process instigated by Minister of Local Government Jan Tore Sanner the municipalities of Asker, Hurum and Røyken evaluated if they should merge into a new common municipality during the first half of 2016. A tentative agreement was reached and on 16 June 2016 the Municipal Council of Røyken approved the merger with Asker and Hurum with 24 votes for and 3 against. On 14 June 2016 the Municipal Council of Asker also approved the merger with 42 votes for and 5 against. A few days later the Municipal Council of Hurum followed suit and approved the merger. The proposed merger date was 1 January 2020 and the new name will be Asker. Asker was merged with the municipalities of Røyken and Hurum as of 1 January 2020.

Culture
Although Asker is principally a rural municipality, the expansion of Oslo has resulted in its becoming an affluent suburb. Thus numerous celebrities now reside in the area. According to SSB (Statistics Norway), Asker ranks as the 2nd wealthiest municipality in Norway based on median household income.

Sports
Asker is also the home of sports club IF Frisk Asker; the club won the Norwegian Hockey championship in 1975, 1979, 2002 and 2019. Asker Skiklubb is the largest sports club in Norway. It has a long history dating back to 1889. Many of Asker's famous people have been successful individuals associated with the sports club.

The city is the home of Asker svømmeklubb. Asker women's football club has been home to many international players including four who played in the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup in China.

Politics
Asker is politically dominated by the conservatives, and the mayor is Lene Conradi who represents the Conservative Party of Norway (Høyre).

Church
Asker Church (Asker Kirke) is located not far from Skaugum in Asker. The neo-Gothic red brick church was built during 1879 based upon designs by architect Jacob Wilhelm Nordan. The church renovation in 1930 was led by the architects Gudolf Blakstad and Herman Munthe-Kaas. Architect Arnstein Arneberg was in charge of the renovation in the 1950s. The church was the sight of the wedding of Princess Ragnhild and Erling Lorentzen in 1953. The statue of Crown Princess Märtha in front of the church was designed by sculptor Dyre Vaa in 1957.

Maud

In 1916 (or 1917) the Arctic expedition ship Maud was built in nearby Vollen and launched into Oslofjord. The ship was designed and built especially for Roald Amundsen and sailed through the Northeast Passage between 1918 and 1924. Sold to the Hudson's Bay Company as the supply vessel Baymaud she sank at Cambridge Bay, Northwest Territories (now Nunavut), Canada in 1930. In 1990, the ship was sold by the Hudson's Bay Company to Asker town with the expectation that she would be returned there; however the export permit expired due to the 230 million kroner cost to repair and move the ship. In 2011 a new project was commenced to salvage Maud and transport her to a new museum to be built at Vollen.

On 31 July 2016 it was reported that the hull of Maud had been raised to the surface and placed on a barge in preparation for shipment to Norway. In August 2017 Maud began the journey back to Norway; she was towed through the Northwest Passage. In September 2017 she arrived in Greenland to stay for the winter. Maud arrived in Bergen on 6 August 2018, finally returning to Norway nearly a century after her departure with Amundsen. She was then towed along the Norwegian coast, and arrived at Vollen on 18 August.

Magazines

 * Development Today

Royalty

 * Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway (born 1973) the family lives in Skaugum
 * Mette-Marit, Crown Princess of Norway (born 1973)
 * Princess Ingrid Alexandra of Norway (born 2004)
 * Prince Sverre Magnus of Norway (born 2005)

Public service

 * Einar Gerhardsen (1897 in Asker – 1987) Prime Minister of Norway 1940s to 1960s
 * Dagny Berger (1903 in Asker – 1950) Norway's first woman aviator
 * Anders Lange (1904 in Nordstrand – 1974), politician, founded the Progress Party (Norway)
 * Arne Skaare (1907-1981) politician, Mayor of Asker municipality from 1956 to 1967
 * Jens Evensen (1917–2004 in Asker), Norwegian lawyer, judge, politician, member of the International Law Commission and judge at the International Court of Justice in The Hague
 * Hans Christen Mamen (1919 in Asker – 2009) a resistance member, local historian and priest
 * Sverre Bergh (1920 in Asker – 2006) an engineer and spy in Nazi Germany during WWII
 * Erik Gjems-Onstad, MBE (1922–2011) resistance member and lawyer; lived in Hvalstad
 * Jon Fossum (1923 in Hvalstad – 2007) orienteer and Mayor of Asker municipality 1968/80
 * Berit Ås (born 1928) former Asker councillor, psychologist and feminist
 * Jan Martin Larsen (born 1938) cartographer, orienteer and Asker councillor 1995 to 2007
 * Eyvind W. Wang (born 1942) politician, Mayor of Asker 1980 to 1995 and car mechanic
 * Morten Strand (born 1947) politician, Mayor of Asker 1995 to 2007 and footballer
 * Valgerd Svarstad Haugland (born 1956) politician, county Governor of Oslo and Akershus 2011/18
 * Beate Gangås (born 1963 in Asker) LGBT Oslo Chief of Police

Art

 * Axel Ender (1853 in Asker - 1920) a Norwegian genre painter and sculptor
 * Hulda Garborg (1862–1934) playwright, poet and folk dancer; lived in Hvalstad from 1897
 * Nini Roll Anker (1873–1942 in Asker) writer, lived in Lillehaugen
 * Christian Hartmann (1910 in Asker – 1985) a Norwegian composer
 * Alf Prøysen (1914–1970), singer, songwriter and writer; lived in Semsvannet in his youth
 * Grete Nordrå (1924 in Asker – 2012) a Norwegian screen actress
 * Erik Bye (1926–2004), journalist, singer, TV personality; lived in Hvalstad
 * Tom Tellefsen (1931 in Asker – 2012) a Norwegian actor
 * Arild Nyquist (1938–2004), poet, painter and singer/songwriter; grew up on Røa
 * Wenche Myhre (born 1947 in Kjelsås) singer
 * Espen Rud (born 1948 in Asker) a jazz drummer, composer and music arranger
 * Brit Elisabeth Haagensli (born 1953) an actress and singer, grew up in Asker
 * Jan Knudsen (born 1957) crime writer, grew up in Asker
 * Morten Harket (born 1959) singer in a-ha, grew up in Asker
 * Vigdis Hjorth (born 1959) author, lives in Asker
 * Kåre Conradi (born 1972 in Asker) a Norwegian actor
 * Svein Magnus Furu (born 1983 in Asker) jazz saxophonist, composer and music journalist
 * Nina Fjalestad (born 1993 in Asker) a model, dancer and Miss Globe International 2011
 * Vilde Marie Zeiner (born 1999 in Asker) a Norwegian actress

Sport

 * Harald Østberg Amundsen & Hedda Østberg Amundsen (born 1998 in Asker) cross-country skiers
 * Jan Frode Andersen (born 1972 in Asker) a Norwegian former tennis player
 * Sander Berge (born 1998 in Asker) footballer
 * Pål Arne Fagernes (1974 in Asker – 2003), Javelin thrower and boxer
 * Johan Ferner (1927 in Asker – 2015) sailor, team silver medallist 1952 Summer Olympics
 * Tone Gunn Frustøl (born 1975 in Asker) former footballer, with 32 caps for Norway women and Olympic medalist.
 * Halvard Hanevold (1969 in Asker – 2019) biathlete, multiple Olympic Gold medallist
 * Tom Hilde (born 1987 in Asker) ski jumper, bronze medallist at the 2010 Winter Olympics
 * Erik Follestad Johansen (born 1989 in Asker) former ice hockey player
 * Bjørne Jorgensen, Olympic artistic gymnast
 * Linda Medalen (born 1965) former footballer with 152 caps with Norway women, police officer and local councillor
 * Harald Stenvaag (born 1953) rifle shooter, two Olympic medals, runs a shop in Asker

Twin towns
Asker is twinned with:
 * 🇸🇪 Eslöv, Sweden
 * 🇮🇸 Garðabær, Iceland
 * 🇫🇮 Jakobstad, Finland
 * 🇰🇷 Mapo (Seoul), South Korea
 * Rudersdal, Denmark

title: Asker


text:
Aurskog-Høland

Aurskog-Høland is a municipality in Akershus county, Norway. It is part of the Romerike traditional region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Bjørkelangen. The municipality of Rømskog, in Østfold county was merged into Aurskog-Høland on 1 January 2020.

Name
The new municipality of Aurskog-Høland was created on 1 January 1966 after the merger of the four old municipalities of Aurskog, Nordre Høland, Søndre Høland, and Setskog.

The name Aurskog comes from the old Ør farm (Old Norse: Aurr which means "gravel"). The last element is skog (Old Norse: skógr which means "wood" therefore the meaning of the full name is "the woods around the farm Aurr". Prior to 1918, the name was written "Urskog".

The name Høland is an old district name. The first element is høy which means "hay" and the last element is land which means "land".

Coat-of-arms
The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 4 February 1983. The arms show a black European crayfish (Astacus astacus) on a gold background. It was derived from an older logo of the municipality. The logo showed a typical landscape of the area, a lake surrounded by woods and a crayfish in the lake. To place the whole composition in a shield to create the arms was not allowed according to Norwegian heraldic rules, so the crayfish was chosen as a symbol.

Geography
It is the biggest municipality in Akershus, covering 967 km². Main villages are Aurskog and Bjørkelangen, of which the latter one is the administrative center. Forests cover much of the area, but there is very good farmland as well. The rivers of Haldenvassdraget and Hølandselva run through the district.

Economy
An important printing office, PDC Tangen AS and a crushing mill are situated here. Oslo is less than one hour's drive to the west.

The Think electric car was manufactured in Aurskog.

Notable people

 * Christian Christensen Kollerud (1767–1833) a farmer, rep. on Norwegian Constitutional Assembly
 * Engebret Soot (1786–1859) a Norwegian engineer and canal builder
 * Johan Vaaler (1866–1910) a Norwegian inventor and patent clerk
 * Anders Heyerdahl (1832–1918) a Norwegian violinist, composer and folk music collector
 * Betzy Akersloot-Berg (1850–1922) a seascape and landscape painter, lived in Vlieland
 * Gunnar Nordbye (1888–1977) a United States district judge in Minnesota.
 * Anette Tønsberg (born 1970) a speed skater, competed at the 1992 and 1998 Winter Olympics
 * Lasse Ottesen (born 1974) a former ski jumper, silver medallist at the 1994 Winter Olympics
 * Charlotte Frogner (born 1981) a Norwegian actress

Sister cities
The following cities are twinned with Aurskog-Høland:
 * - Frederikssund, Region Hovedstaden, Denmark
 * 🇸🇪 - Kumla, Örebro County, Sweden
 * 🇫🇮 - Sipoo, Etelä-Suomi, Finland

title: Aurskog-Høland


text:
Sørum

Sørum was a municipality in Akershus county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Romerike. The administrative centre of the municipality was the village of Sørumsand. Sørum was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The municipality of Blaker was merged with Sørum on 1 January 1962.

Since 1 January 2020, Sørum has been part of Lillestrøm municipality.

Frogner Old Church
Frogner Old Church (Frogner gamle kirke) dates from ca. 1180. It is part of the Norwegian Church and belongs to Østre Romerike deanery in Diocese of Borg.

The edifice is in stone and has 90 seats. The Medieval era church burned in 1918, the walls repaired in 1936, floors and ceilings in 1948. The restoration was completed in 1977.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Sørum farm (Old Norse: Suðrheimr), since the first church was built here. The first element is suðr which means "southern" and the last element is heimr which means "home/homestead" or "farm".

Coat-of-arms
The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 26 June 1981. The arms show a red rose with five petals on a yellow background. The rose is derived from the arms of the medieval dynasty of Sudreim (Sudreimsætten), one of the most influential noble families in Norway at the time. Their name was derived from what is now known as Sørum.

Geography
Sørum municipality was located in the central part of Akershus county. To the north Sørum bordered the municipality of Ullensaker, to the east Nes and Aurskog-Høland, in the south Fet, and the west Skedsmo and Gjerdrum.

Sister cities
The following cities were twinned with Sørum:
 * 🇸🇪 – Hagfors, Värmland County, Sweden

title: Sørum


text:
Fet, Norway

Fet was a municipality in Akershus county, Norway. It was part of the Romerike traditional region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Fetsund.

Fet was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The new municipality of Rælingen was separated from Fet on 1 July 1929. The part of Enebakk municipality lying east of lake Øyeren was transferred to Fet in 1962. On 1 January 2020 Fet was merged with Skedsmo and Sørum municipalities to form Lillestrøm municipality.

Name
The name (Old Norse: Fit) was first recorded in 1321 (a Fit). The word fit means 'vigorous meadow'.

Coat-of-arms
The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 19 December 1986. The arms show a logging hook, which was used in the area to haul the logs cut in the surrounding forests. The logs were transported over the streams and lakes to the sawmills. The people used long poles with hooks to haul the logs. The colours of the arms are green and silver because the name is derived from an old word describing a field (green) near a lake (silver).

Geography
Fet is located on the eastern side of Lake Øyeren and includes the point at which the River Glomma enters the lake. The inland river delta that has formed is the largest in Europe and reaches the opposite shore of the lake, across its short axis. Until 1985, logs floated down the river were brought onshore here before the river entered its delta, and were then transported onwards by rail. Today, many of Fet's floating buildings have been preserved and converted into a museum and cultural centre.

Notable residents

 * Jacob Aall Ottesen (1825–1904), Norwegian American minister, theologian, and church leader.

title: Fet, Norway


text:
Rælingen

Rælingen is a village and municipality in Akershus county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Romerike. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Fjerdingby. Rælingen was separated from the municipality of Fet on 1 July 1929.

Name
The name is first mentioned around 1400 ("i Ræling"). It is probably an old district name (the name of the church site is Fjerdingby). The meaning of the name is unknown.

Coat-of-arms
The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 30 April 1981. The arms show a yellow pitchfork on a green background. It is a symbol for the local agriculture. A large part of the municipality is lowland, which historically has mainly been used to produce hay. The pitchfork has three prongs representing the three rivers that run through the municipality: Nitelva, Leira, and Glomma.

Geography
Located between Fet and Lørenskog, Rælingen includes the northwestern part of lake Øyeren. The northernmost part of the district is built and grown together with the Lillestrøm area.

The most important places in the municipality are Rælingen, Fjerdingby, Løvenstad, and Nordby. Large portions of the municipality are scarcely populated or uninhabited (forests).

Notable people

 * Stine Buer, (Norwegian Wiki) (born 1971 in Rælingen) Norwegian TV-personality, actress and comedian
 * Guro Sibeko (born 1975) a Norwegian novelist, non-fiction writer and activist; brought up in Rælingen
 * Ida Fladen, (Norwegian Wiki) (born 1986 in Rælingen) Norwegian radio and TV personality
 * Anders Gaasland (born 1992 in Rælingen) politician, gay rights activist
 * Kristoffer Ajer (born 1998 in Rælingen) footballer who currently plays for Brentford
 * Christian Sørum (born 1995), Norwegian beach volleyball player
 * Henrik Kristoffersen (born 1994), Norwegian World Cup alpine ski racer, World Champion, and Olympic medalist
 * Arne Hurlen (born 1970 in Rælingen), Norwegian musician and singer in the Norwegian band Postgirobygget

Sister cities
The following cities are twinned with Rælingen:
 * 🇫🇮 - Kirkkonummi, Etelä-Suomi, Finland
 * 🇸🇪 - Munkedal, Västra Götaland County, Sweden

title: Rælingen


text:
Enebakk

Enebakk is a municipality in Akershus county, Norway. It is part of the Follo traditional region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Kirkebygda. The parish of Enebak was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The part of Enebakk lying east of lake Øyeren was transferred to Fet municipality in 1962.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Enebakk farm (Old Norse: Ignarbakki), since the first church was built here. The first element is the genitive case of a river name Ign (the meaning is unknown) and the last element is bakki which means "river bank". In Norse times the parish was alternatively called Ignardalr meaning "the valley of (the river) Ign". Prior to 1921, the name was written "Enebak".

Enebakk Church
Enebakk Church (Enebakk kirke) dated from 11th-12th century. It is constructed in a rectangular shape. The edifice is of stone and has 280 seats. The present church has since been expanded and undergone major restorations, the latest in 2010. Enebakk church is a medieval era church, with a rectangular nave and finished choir. Portals and corners are quarried sandstone, while the church was constructed by the macadam. The nave and chancel were built in the 1100s, while the west tower was built during the 1200s. The tower was originally higher than now, but was rebuilt around 1520. The ridge turret of the tower roof was built in 1622, and is thus the oldest preserved wooden tower in the country.

The frescoes in the nave were uncovered in the 1960s. They were originally painted in the late 1500s and covered all the walls, but were later painted over after the Reformation. The decoration is done in Renaissance style. In 1608 the church received a new altar with catechism boards, which are an altarpiece without pictures, just text. The altarpiece was later elevated to a picture field showing the Crucifixion. This was done in the 1660s. The baptismal font from the 1100s is of soapstone with Romanesque decoration. The church has two wooden sculptures: a crucifix hanging above the chancel arch and a Madonna both in Gothic style.

Coat-of-arms
The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 12 December 1986. The arms are based on a drawing in the local church that dates back to the early 17th century. They show four silver crosses on a green background. It is inspired by old mural paintings in the Enebakk church from the Middle Ages. It shows four fourblades. The number four symbolizes the four parts of the municipality (see below).

Media
The newspaper Enebakk Avis is published in Enebakk.

Geography
Enebakk is divided into four areas, named Flateby (Postcode 1911), Kirkebygda (Postcode 1912), and Ytre Enebakk (Postcode 1914), being closest to Oslo.

The highest point in Enebakk is Vardåsen, situated between the lakes Børtervann and Øyeren, at 374 m above sea level.

Enebakk is a mere 30 km from the city limits of Oslo, with easy bus-access to the country's capital. As of 2004, there are no train stations in the municipality.

Notable people

 * Thomas Alsgaard (1972 in Enebakk) a Norwegian cross-country skier
 * Thorleif Andresen (born 1945 in Enebakk) cyclist, competed at the 1968, 1972 and the 1976 Summer Olympics
 * Einar Holstad (born 1950) a politician, mayor of Enebakk 1994–1995
 * Ragnhild Jølsen (1875 on Ekeberg farm – 1908) a Norwegian author about the conflict between old rural society and modern industrial society
 * Hans Thoresen (1767 at Degrum - 1840) a Norwegian timber merchant and ship-owner
 * Heidi Weng (born 1991 in Ytre Enebakk) a Norwegian cross-country skier and fell runner

Sister cities
The following cities are twinned with Enebakk:
 * 🇸🇪 - Hammarö, Värmland County, Sweden

title: Enebakk


text:
Talk:History of Zimbabwe

Zvidzai 01:42, 7 February 2007 (UTC)==Some issues==

Untitled
Hi, ellite should be spelled élite (sorry, just thought on an encyclopedia we should share any kind of knowledge). Thank you for your attention.

Isn't the lyrics copyrighted ? Kpjas

The last sentence reads: After pressure by the European Union (which eventually led to travel sanctions being imposed on Mugabe and his inner circle ZANU-PF ellite). -- it just seems to peter out without a point. -- Zoe

The historical aspects of Zimbabwe's Land Question/Problem were not covered. Mugabe's approach to resolving the Land Question may not be the best way but it is important that writers of Wikipedia history pages must provide a historical background to this problem which dates back to 1890, when Cecil Rhodes illegally occupied the country.

This page also turns a blind eye on the developments and factors that led to the rise of African nationalist movements which eventaully led to the Rhodesian War of the 1970's. There is a glossy treatment of the 1893-1896 war (in both Mashonaland and Matebeleland)immediately after the country's occupation. In both of these wars, Africans had grievances which were not addressed by Rhodes's administration in 1890's and Ian Smith's and previous administrations from 1900 to 1979. These grievances are fundamental to any history of Zimbabwe.

The article has been written deliberately to supress the bad aspects and effects of colonialism, racism/apartheid and white-supremacists government policies on the majority African population from 1890 to 1979. This is an important part of Zimbabwe's history. For example, Mugabe is a legacy product of colonialism, apartheid and white-supremacists policies. The ruthlessness with which the minority white racist Rhodesian governments administered policies of suppression and impoverishment on the country's African population only served to produce monsters who fought to destroy the system and became equally ruthless. History must expose the material conditions that gave rise to people like Mugabe. This article does not do that. One easily senses that there is a missing aspects to this history page. User:SHIKU

Unfortunately the history of Zimbabwe is tainted by Cecil Rhodes and white "Rhodesia" who are distorting facts. The British are pictured as heroes, not the imperialists and as coloizers. Their role in land issues are not discussed and so are the black majority displacement, which is part of the on going corrections, the Robert Mugabe land program wishes to address. The land issues were not started by Mugabe, but by white Anglo racism. try reading the USA state department on Zimbabwe history, you will see more facts, than the current soft British bias.

§== mwene mutapa ==

The last sentence reads: After pressure by the European Union (which eventually led to travel sanctions being imposed on Mugabe and his inner circle ZANU-PF ellite). -- it just seems to peter out without a point. -- Zoe

The historical aspects of Zimbabwe's Land Question/Problem were not covered. Mugabe's approach to resolving the Land Question may not be the best way but it is important that writers of Wikipedia history pages must provide a historical background to this problem which dates back to 1890, when Cecil Rhodes illegally occupied the country.

This page also turns a blind eye on the developments and factors that led to the rise of African nationalist movements which eventaully led to the Rhodesian War of the 1970's. There is a glossy treatment of the 1893-1896 war (in both Mashonaland and Matebeleland)immediately after the country's occupation. In both of these wars, Africans had grievances which were not addressed by Rhodes's administration in 1890's and Ian Smith's and previous administrations from 1900 to 1979. These grievances are fundamental to any history of Zimbabwe. §§§§§§§§§                          on the local blacklist''

If you would like me to provide more information on the talk page, contact User:Cyberpower678 and ask him to program me with more info.

From your friendly hard working bot.— cyberbot II NotifyOnline 15:32, 8 December 2013 (UTC)

✅ This issue has been resolved, and I have therefore removed the tag, if not already done. No further action is necessary.— cyberbot II NotifyOnline 21:59, 13 December 2013 (UTC)

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Ridiculous !!! Eating said about 1970 1980 !!!! — Preceding unsigned comment added by Cuye (talk • contribs) 13:27, 18 November 2017 (UTC)

Reconstitution of Zimbabwe history
Reconstitution of Zimbabwe history. 197.218.76.51 (talk) 19:45, 29 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:History of Zimbabwe


text:
Lørenskog

is a municipality in Akershus county, Norway. A suburb of Oslo, it is part of the Oslo urban area and the traditional region of Romerike. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Lørenskog. Lørenskog was separated from the municipality of Skedsmo on 1 January 1908.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old (and no longer existent) Leirheimr farm. The first element is leirr which means "clay" and the last element is heimr which means "homestead" or "farm". Thus: "the farm built on clay ground". The suffix skógr (meaning "wood") was added later, changing the meaning to "the woodlands around the farm Leirheimr". Prior to 1918, the name was spelled "Lørenskogen".

Heraldry
Lørenskog's arms date from modern times. Granted on 26 July 1957, they show a red waterwheel on a gold background. Water-driven sawmills were once an important part of the municipality's economy.

Lørenskog Church
Lørenskog Church (Lørenskog kirke) is a medieval era church. The building material was brick and quarried limestone. The church dates to ca. 1150. The church is of rectangular plan and has 140 seats. In 1608 the church received a pulpit. The west tower was made of wood and was erected in 1864. In the tower hangs two church bells, the larger made in 1874. Its walls are one meter thick, and the stones are held together with lime mortar. The exterior and interior plaster was repaired during the 1600s and 1700s. In 1956 old plaster was removed and walls re-plastered and painted. The current outward opening door was inserted in 1946.

Geography
The municipality is located just east of the capital, Oslo, with many main roads going through it. Almost all the inhabitants live in the northern part of Lørenskog. The southern parts consist of forest, while farms and grain fields occupy the space in between. An important train station, Lørenskog Station, is situated in the district. Within Lørenskog, Losby is known for its waterwheel, which is represented in the municipal coat-of-arms of Lørenskog. Losby Golf and Country Club is located within the municipality.

Village
From 2006 to 2008, workers renovated the village of Lørenskog (the administrative center of the municipality), also called the "Metro Senter". This renovation includes a considerably larger shopping mall, a bus terminal with buses going in and out of Oslo every 15 minutes, possibly a future subway station, and the new Mailand Upper Secondary School.

Economy
The headquarters of Power, a consumer electronics company, are located at Lørenskog.

Education
There are seven public elementary schools and four public high schools located in Kjenn, Hammer, Løkenåsen and Fjellsrud. In addition there are two Upper Secondary Schools, namely Lørenskog Upper Secondary School and Mailand Upper Secondary School.

Notable residents

 * Aslam Ahsan (born 1942) a Pakistani Norwegian politician, elected to Lørenskog municipal council in 1983
 * Trond Granlund (born 1950) rock and folk singer and composer; lives in Lørenskog
 * Torgrim Sørnes (born 1956) physician, historian and author; lives in Lørenskog
 * Frode Barth (born 1968 in Lørenskog) a Norwegian musician (guitar) and composer
 * Marianne Aulie (born 1971 in Lørenskog) a Norwegian painter and former model
 * Lise Myhre (born 1975 in Lørenskog) a Norwegian cartoonist
 * Marianne Beate Kielland (born 1975 in Lørenskog) a Norwegian mezzo-soprano
 * Ine Marie Eriksen Søreide (born 1976 in Lørenskog) politician, Minister of Defence (Norway) 2013/2017
 * Ida S. Skjelbakken (born 1979 in Lørenskog) an author, illustrator and bodyguard
 * Marit Larsen (born 1983 in Lørenskog) & Marion Raven (born 1984 in Lørenskog) singer/songwriters with the pop duo M2M
 * Elisabeth Carew (born 1985 in Lørenskog) a Norwegian singer and songwriter
 * Kirby Ann Basken (born 1985 in Lørenskog) a Norwegian model, Miss Norway Universe 2007
 * Kaja Norum (born 1989 in Lørenskog) a Norwegian model and figurativist painter
 * Tom Hagen (born 1950) billionaire businessman, whose wife Anne-Elizabeth Hagen disappeared mysteriously in 2018, dramatised for television as The Lørenskog Disappearance

Sport

 * Kjetil Siem (born 1960) journalist, author and sports official; Secretary-general of the Football Association of Norway, lives in Lørenskog
 * Schirin Zorriassateiny (born 1964 in Lørenskog) a Norwegian rhythmic gymnast
 * Trine Hattestad (born 1966 in Lørenskog) a retired javelin thrower, bronze and gold medallist at the 1996 & 2000 Summer Olympics
 * Hege Riise (born 1969 in Lørenskog) a football coach and former player with 188 caps for Norway
 * Pål Grotnes (1977 in Lørenskog) a professional ice hockey goaltender
 * John Carew (born 1979 in Lørenskog) former footballer with 365 club caps and 91 for Norway
 * Ingrid Hjelmseth (born 1980 in Lørenskog) a former football goalkeeper with 361 club caps and 138 for Norway women
 * Aksel Lund Svindal (born 1982 in Lørenskog) a former World Cup and Olympic medallist alpine ski racer
 * Siren Sundby (born 1982 in Lørenskog) sailor, gold medallist at the 2004 Summer Olympics
 * Christina Vukicevic (born 1987) a Norwegian former hurdler
 * Cecilie Fiskerstrand (born 1996) a footballer for Norway

Twin towns – sister cities
Lørenskog is twinned with:
 * 🇩🇪 Garching bei München, Germany
 * 🇫🇮 Järvenpää, Finland
 * Rødovre, Denmark
 * 🇸🇪 Täby, Sweden

title: Lørenskog


text:
Skedsmo

Skedsmo was a municipality in Akershus county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Romerike. The administrative centre of the municipality was the town of Lillestrøm. About one third of the municipal population lived in Lillestrøm. Other important towns are Skedsmokorset, Skjetten and Strømmen. A smaller settlement adjoining Lillestrøm is Kjeller.

The local newspaper is Romerikes Blad (circulation 39,139 in 2004). The paper comes out daily.

Skedsmo municipality became part of Lillestrøm municipality 1 January 2020.

Name
The name of the municipality (originally the parish) may have originally been the name for the rectory. In Old Norse the name was Skeiðsmór. The first element is the genitive case of skeið, a neuter noun. One possible meaning of this word, skeið, is "a track for footraces or horseraces"; another "a farm road between fields". The last element is mór, which in this context has been taken to mean "dry sandy plain".

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was from modern times, granted on 4 October 1974. The arms show three silver horse heads with waving manes on a red background. The arms are canting, a reference to an interpretation of the first part of the name Skedsmo, skeið. The arms were designed by Finn Fagerli from Lillestrøm.

History
Skedsmo was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). Lørenskog and Lillestrøm was separated from Skedsmo as municipalities of their own on 1 January 1908. Lillestrøm was, however, merged back into the municipality of Skedsmo on 1 January 1962. On 1 January 2020, Skedsmo was merged with Fet and Sørum municipalities to, once again, form Lillestrøm municipality.

In this area, the tribe of Raumas fought against King Olav Haraldsson, patron saint of Norway, in 1028. The area has become an important part of Norway's industrial history. Strømmens Værksted built the country's first trains, at Kjeller airplanes were constructed up to World War II, the sawmills at Lillestrøm processed lumber from the great forests, and a number of other enterprises have been important.

Government
The head office of Accident Investigation Board Norway is located in Lillestrøm, Skedsmo. and led by Grete Myhre.

Twin towns — Sister cities
The following cities are twinned with Skedsmo:
 * 🇸🇪 Alingsås, Sweden
 * 🇫🇮 Karis, Finland
 * 🇫🇮 Riihimäki, Finland
 * Tårnby, Denmark

title: Skedsmo


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Nittedal

Nittedal is a municipality and city in Akershus county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Romerike. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Rotnes.

The parish of Nitedal was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt).

Name
The name (Old Norse: Nitjudalr) is an old district name. The first element is the genitive case of the river name Nitja (now Nitelva) and the last element is dalr which means "valley" or "dale". The meaning of the river name is unknown. Prior to 1918, the name was written "Nittedalen".

Coat-of-arms
The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 23 January 1987. The arms show the two silver lines running in a bend sinister direction on a green background. They represent the main transportation lines that run through the municipality from Oslo to other parts of the country: the main highway and the railroad, they also can represent skiing tracks, an old winter transportation method. At the same time the two lines symbolize matches, as one of Norway's oldest match factories was founded in Nittedal. The lines also symbolize tree logs, as forestry is of great importance for the local economy.

Geography
Nittedal lies directly northeast of Oslo and serves as a suburb to the capital. It is located on both sides of the Nitelva river. The southernmost population centre is Hagan. Further north lie the centres of Slattum, Rotnes, Åneby, Grønvoll, Varingskollen, and Hakadal.

History
In 1902 the construction of the Gjøvik Line reached the west side of Nittedal, from Oslo and through the forest.

Administration
Mayor Hilde Thorkildsen is on suspension from her position. she is still under trial for corruption.

Sister cities
The following cities are twinned with Nittedal:
 * - Fredensborg, Region Hovedstaden, Denmark
 * 🇸🇪 - Håbo, Uppsala County, Sweden
 * 🇫🇮 - Ingå, Uusimaa, Finland

Notable people
This list includes people who were born or have resided in Nittedal:
 * Peter Østbye (1855 in Nittedal - 1943) a philologist and academic administrator
 * Svend Rasmussen Svendsen (1864 in Nittedal – 1945) a Norwegian American impressionist artist
 * Hans Prydz (1868–1957) a physician and Mayor of Nittedal 1913/22 & 1928/34
 * Gunnar Haarstad (1916 in Nittedal – 1992) a jurist, police officer, a resistance member during World War II, and head of the Norwegian Police Security Service for fifteen years
 * Tor Brustad (1926 in Nittedal – 2016) a Norwegian biophysicist
 * Nils Vogt (1926 in Hakadal – 2000) a Norwegian civil servant and diplomat
 * Kjell Magne Yri (born 1943) a Norwegian priest and linguist, lives in Nittedal
 * Inge Solli (born 1959) a Norwegian politician, deputy county Mayor of Akershus
 * Ib Thomsen (born 1961) politician
 * Jarle Bernhoft (born 1976 in Nittedal) stage name Bernhoft, singer, multi-instrumentalist, composer and lyricist
 * Marte Wexelsen Goksøyr (born 1982 in Nittedal) an actress, public speaker, writer and public debater with Down syndrome

Sport

 * Hroar Elvenes (1932 in Hakadal – 2014) a speed skater, competed in four Winter Olympics
 * Odd Martinsen (born 1942) cross-country skier, multiple Olympic medallist, father of Bente Skari
 * Terje Thorslund (born 1945) a former Norwegian champion javelin thrower
 * Bente Skari (born 1972 in Nittedal) cross-country skier, multiple Olympic medallist
 * Hanne Staff (born 1972 in Nittedal) an orienteering athlete
 * Astrid Wanja Brune Olsen (born 1999 in Nittedal) a Norwegian tennis player
 * Stine Bredal Oftedal (born 1991 in Nittedal) handball player

title: Nittedal


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Gjerdrum

Gjerdrum is a municipality in Akershus county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Romerike.

Gjerdrum borders the municipalities of Nannestad, Nittedal, and Ullensaker, and Lillestrøm. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Ask.

Name and coat of arms
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Gjerdrum farm (Norse Gerðarvin). The first element is the genitive of a river name Gerð and the last element is vin 'meadow, pasture'. The river name is derived from the Norse word garðr meaning 'fence' and so the meaning is 'the river whose function is a fence (and/or as a border)'.

The coat of arms is from modern times. They were granted in 1993. The arms show a traditional Norwegian form of roundpole fence. The arms are also canting because the name of the municipality refers to a fence.

History
Gjerdrum was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt).

Store norske leksikon says that artefacts indicate that humans have lived in Gjerdrum since ancient times; furthermore the names of places also indicate the same.

2020 landslide
On 30 December 2020 a quick clay landslide occurred in the village of Ask within Gjerdum municipality. 10 people died. The slide measured 700 by, injured 10 people (including one seriously), left 10 unaccounted for and led to 1,000 being evacuated from the village, with several homes having been destroyed in the slide.

Geography
Gjerdrum lies on the southwestern part of the Romerike Plain (Romerikssletta); this eastern part of the municipality lies at a low altitude and is covered by significant layers of clay that was deposited, towards the end of the previous ice age.

The quick-clay at Gjerdrum was deposited (in a fjord) around 8,000 or 9,000 years ago, when the sea level was around 200 meters higher.

Demographics
In 2021, 1258 inhabitants were immigrants or Norwegian-born to immigrant parents. 264 inhabitants had Polish parents and/or were Polish (themselves); 173 had Lithuanian parents and/or were Lithuanian.

Sports
The local sports team is Gjerdrum IL.

People from Gjerdrum

 * Christian Krohg (1777–1828) politician, cabinet member, MP
 * Olaf Devik (1886 in Gjerdrum – 1987) meteorologist and physicist
 * Daniel Franck (born 1974) a snowboarder, silver medallist in the men's halfpipe in the 1998 Winter Olympics
 * Petter Fagerhaug (born 1997 in Gjerdrum) cross-country mountain biker
 * Kristoffer Skjerping (born 1993) a former road racing cyclist, lives in Gjerdrum
 * Helene Spilling (born 1996), a professional dancer

title: Gjerdrum


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Ullensaker

Ullensaker is a municipality in Akershus county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Romerike. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Jessheim. It has a population of 40,459 inhabitants. Norway's largest international airport Oslo Airport, Gardermoen, is located in Ullensaker.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Ullensaker farm. The name is first recorded in 1300 as Ullinshof. The first element is the genitive case of the name Ullinn (a sideform of Ullr). The last element was originally hof which means "temple", but this was later (around 1500 AD) changed to aker meaning "acre" or "field".

Coat-of-arms
Ullensaker does not have an heraldic coat-of-arms properly granted. The municipality uses a non-heraldic badge that is from modern times. The logo was adopted on 8 November 1979, and it shows the god Ullr of Norse mythology holding a bow and three arrows. The colors on the logo can vary.

Geography
Ullensaker borders with Eidsvoll to the north, Nes to the east, Sørum to the south, and Gjerdrum and Nannestad to the west. The international airport that serves as the main airport of Norway, Oslo Airport, Gardermoen, is located in Ullensaker. The municipality has two major population centres: the village of Kløfta and the city of Jessheim, the latter one houses the administration center of Ullensaker. There is also a Royal Norwegian Army base at Sessvollmoen as well as a Royal Norwegian Air Force air station, Gardermoen Air Station.

Society
Ullensaker has had a huge population increase over the past fifty years. This increase has been slightly accelerating over the past few years. From 2000 to 2007, the population of Ullensaker increased by almost 6,000 people. The recent increase is partly attributed to the founding of Oslo Airport, Gardermoen.

History
Raknehaugen, the largest burial mound in the Nordic countries, has been carbon dated to around 550; the age of the mound is disputed.

Demographics
In 2021, 1,390 inhabitants had Polish parents and/or were Polish (themselves); 1,048 had Pakistani parents and/or were Pakistani.

Attractions

 * Raknehaugen - the largest tumulus of Northern Europe
 * Trandumskogen - A memorial honoring 173 Norwegians, 15 Soviet citizens and 6 Britons that were executed by the nazis during World War II.
 * Gardermoen Culture Park - An area close to Gardermoen Airport, which serves as the Norwegian Air Force's airplane collection and the Scandinavian Airlines Museum's location.

Notable people

 * Niels Laache (1831 in Ullensaker – 1892) a Norwegian revivalist, writer, and bishop
 * Kristian Laake (1875 in Ullensaker - 1950) Former Commanding General of Norway
 * Gudmund Sundby (1878 in Ullensaker – 1973) a hydroelectric engineer and academic
 * Thor Gystad (born 1919 in Ullensaker - 2007) politician, Mayor of Ullensaker 1959 to 1969
 * Harald Espelund (born 1948) organic farmer and Mayor of Ullensaker from 2003 to 2015
 * Laila Brenden (born 1956) a Norwegian author, lives in Jessheim
 * Knut Ljøgodt (born 1968 in Ullensaker) a Norwegian art historian
 * Anniken Huitfeldt (born 1969) a historian and politician, grew up in Jessheim
 * Tanya Hansen (born 1973 in Jessheim) a Norwegian pornographic actress
 * Thomas Enger (born 1973) a writer and journalist, grew up in Jessheim
 * Mani Hussaini (born 1987) a Kurdish-Norwegian politician, lived in Jessheim since 2001

Musicians & Bands

 * Johannes Hanssen (1874 in Ullensaker – 1967) a bandmaster, composer and teacher
 * Stein Ove Berg (1948 in Kløfta – 2002) a Norwegian singer and songwriter
 * Stian Tomt Thoresen (born 1976 in Jessheim) stage name Shagrath, vocalist and founder of Dimmu Borgir
 * Ivar Tristan Lundsten (born 1976 in Jessheim) stage name Brynjard Tristan, bassist and songwriter
 * Tom Rune Andersen (born 1976 in Jessheim) stage name Galder, a guitarist and vocalist
 * Andres Rafael Diaz (born 1976 in Jessheim) stage name Diaz, rapper
 * Antestor (formed 1990 in Jessheim) an unblack metal band
 * Dimmu Borgir (formed 1993 in Jessheim) a symphonic black metal band

Sport

 * Oscar Fonbæk (1887 in Ullensaker – 1965) long-distance runner, bronze and silver medallist at the 1908 Summer Olympics
 * Ole Kristian Furuseth (born 1967) a retired Norwegian alpine skier, skied for Ullensaker SK
 * brothers Thomas Roth (born 1991 in Sand) & Andreas Roth (born 1993 in Sand) Norwegian middle-distance runners

Sister cities
The following cities are twinned with Ullensaker:
 * 🇮🇸 - Borgarbyggð, Western Region, Iceland
 * 🇸🇪 - Falkenberg, Halland County, Sweden
 * 🇫🇴 - Leirvík, Eysturoy, Faroe Islands
 * - Odsherred, Region Sjælland, Denmark

title: Ullensaker


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Nes, Akersh

Nes is a municipality in Akershus county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Romerike. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Årnes.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Nes farm (Old Norse: Nes which means "headland"), since the first church was built here. The actual nes is the headland made by the two great rivers Glomma and Vorma, which have their meeting point just south of the farm. Prior to 1889, the name was spelled "Næs".

Coat-of-arms
The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted in 1988. The arms show three yellow logs (to represent forestry) on a green background (to symbolize youth and hope). The position of the logs represents the meeting of the rivers Glomma and Vorma, creating the headland of Nes.

History
The parish of Næs was established as a municipality of its own on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt).

Nes Church Ruins
Nes Church ruins (Nes kirkeruin) are one of Norway's best preserved church ruins. The church which dated from ca 1100 was designed in Romanesque style and was extended into a cruciform church in 1697. The old medieval stone was located near the juncture of two rivers; Glomma and Vorma. The church suffered fire damage in 1854. After the fire the walls were preserved as ruins. The new Nes Church was completed in 1860.

Geography
The municipality borders Eidsvoll, Ullensaker, Sørum, and Aurskog-Høland in Akershus county and Eidskog, Sør-Odal, and Nord-Odal in Hedmark county.

Nes includes many natural attractions, such as parts of the river Glomma, as well as 168 lakes. Elk, beaver, wolf, and lynx can be found here. Hunting and sportfishing are very prevalent.

Eight hundred farms make the area one of the largest producers of wheat in the country.

Villages

 * Årnes
 * Vormsund
 * Skogrand
 * Aulifeltet
 * Neskollen
 * Fenstad
 * Brårud
 * Fjellfoten
 * Haga

Notable people

 * Gudbrand Bøhn (1839 in Nes – 1906) a violinist, concertmaster and music teacher
 * Ivar Throndsen (1853 in Nes – 1932) an engraver, worked at the Royal Mint in Kongsberg
 * Harald Otto (1865 in Nes – 1928) a Norwegian actor and theater director
 * Åsmund Esval (1889 in Nes – 1971) a Norwegian landscape painter
 * Odd Fossengen (1945 in Nes – 2017) a Norwegian international motorcycle speedway rider
 * Åslaug Haga (born 1959 in Nes) diplomat, politician and international civil servant

Sport

 * John Møller (1866 in Nes – 1935) a rifle shooter, team silver medallist at the 1906 Summer Olympics
 * Geir Frigård (born 1970 in Vormsund) a former professional footballer with 339 club caps and 5 for Norway
 * twins Lotta Udnes Weng & Tiril Udnes Weng (born 1996 in Nes) Norwegian cross-country skiers

title: Nes, Akersh


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Eidsvoll

Eidsvoll (sometimes written as Eidsvold) is a municipality in Akershus county, Norway. It is part of the Romerike traditional region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Sundet.

Etymology
The first element is the genitive case of the word eid (Old Norse: eið) and the last element is voll (Old Norse: vǫllr) which means "meadow" or "field". The meaning of the word eid in this case is "a road passing around a waterfall". People from the districts around the lake (Mjøsa) who were sailing down the river Vorma, and people from Romerike sailing up the same river, both had to enter this area by passing the Sundfossen waterfall. Because of this, the site became an important meeting place long before the introduction of Christianity. Prior to 1918, the name was spelled "Eidsvold". The town of Eidsvold in Queensland, Australia and Eidsvold Township, Lyon County, Minnesota, United States still use this old spelling.

Eidsvoll Church
Eidsvoll Church (Eidsvoll Kirke) is a cruciform church from approx 1200. It is part of the Norwegian Church and belongs to Øvre Romerike deanery in the Diocese of Borg. The Romanesque building is in stone. Eidsvoll church is repeatedly burned and rebuilt. The old church records were lost in a fire. The altarpiece in Eidsvoll church is from 1765. It is a wooden structure with three floors, decreasing towards the top, where each floor concludes with gilded pilasters with capitals and rococo decor on each side of a painting. The altarpiece was restored after a fire in 1883, the next restoration occurred in 1915 and a third restoration occurred late 1960s. Access to the church is a well traveled tourist destination is via Rv181 and Fv502 / Rv177. Pilegrimsleden goes through Eidsvoll. Eidsvoll church is one of the more prominent stops along the path, which was officially opened on 16 June 2002.

Coat-of-arms
The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 20 November 1987. The arms show a balance as a symbol of justice. In the early Middle Ages a local court was established in Eidsvoll.

History
The parish of Eidsvold was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The municipality of Feiring was merged with Eidsvoll on 1 January 1964.

Eidsvoll is mentioned in Old Norse manuscripts. In the 11th century, it became the site of court and assembly (ting) for eastern parts of Norway, replacing Vang, now a part of Hamar in Hedmark. Because of its access to the river Vorma and the lake Mjøsa, Eidsvoll has long provided a thoroughfare to northern parts of inland Norway. Historically the main industry of Eidsvoll was agriculture, though the soil is rich in clay. Eastern parts of Eidsvoll were for a short time the site of a minor gold rush when gold was found in 1758, and these areas are still known as Gullverket.

Eidsvoll Verk was opened to smelt iron ore by King Christian IV of Denmark in 1624, relying on the excellent water power from the Andelva river. In 1688, it was owned by the director of the Kongsberg Silver Mines, Schlanbusch, and remained in his family until 1781. Carsten Anker came into possession of works in 1794, at which time it was in decay since many of the surrounding forests required for charcoal had been depleted. He restored it and set up the production of stoves and similar iron goods. He also took residence in Eidsvoll in 1811, rebuilding the manor house which is now the Eidsvollsbygningen, the site where the constitutional assembly met to draft and sign the Constitution of Norway on 17 May 1814. Eidsvollsbygningen is today a famous museum.

In 1854, Eidsvoll became the end point for the first railroad line in Norway from Oslo. This became the transit point for travel with the steamship Skibladner to Hamar, Gjøvik, and Lillehammer on the lake Mjøsa. In addition to the historic Eidsvoll Church, Eidsvoll is the site of the Langset Church (Langset kirke) which dates to 1859 and the Feiring Church (Feiring Kirke) which dates to 1875.

Geography
Eidsvoll municipality is bordered on the north by Østre Toten (in Oppland county on the west side of Mjøsa) and by Stange (on the east side of the lake) and to the east by Nord-Odal (both in Hedmark county). In the county of Akershus to the southeast lies Nes, to the south lies Ullensaker, and to the west lies Nannestad and Hurdal.

In addition to being a commuter town for Oslo, it also has agriculture and forestry industries. The main population and commercial centres are Sundet and Råholt.

Notable residents

 * Henrik Wergeland (1808–1845) poet, writer and playwright; brought up in Eidsvoll; son of Professor Nicolai Wergeland (1780–1848)
 * Alf Collett (1844–1919) a Norwegian writer, genealogist and historian
 * Hans Langseth (1846–1927) Norwegian-American world record holder for the longest beard
 * Cecilie Thoresen Krog (1858–1911) feminist pioneer, first female university student in Norway
 * Fredrikke Waaler (1865–1952) composer, violinist and proponent for women's rights
 * Maja Flagstad (1871–1958) a pianist, choral conductor and répétiteur
 * F. Melius Christiansen (1871–1955) Lutheran choral conductor in Marinette, Wisconsin
 * Arne Ekeland (1908–1994), artist, lived and worked in Bøn his entire life
 * Ola Skjåk Bræk (1912–1999), minister of industry, born and raised in Eidsvoll
 * Per Gjestvang (1915–2002) a veterinarian, resistance member, military officer and politician
 * Dagmar Lahlum (1923–1999), resistance worker in WWII, fiancée of Eddie Chapman
 * Åsmund Lønning Strømnes (1927–2009), professor of education; lived in Eidsvoll
 * Leif Johansen (1930–1982) an economist and professor
 * Sivert Donali (1931–2010) a Norwegian sculptor, lived in Feiring from 1973
 * Drude Berntsen (born 1939) a computer scientist, director of Norwegian Computing Center
 * Kari Hag (born 1941) mathematician, researched complex analysis on quasicircles
 * Siv Stubsveen (born 1968) a Norwegian model, saleswoman and media personality
 * Stian Carstensen (born 1971) a multi-instrument jazz musician, member of Farmers market
 * Jan Gunnar Røise (born 1975) a Norwegian theatre and film actor
 * Stella Mwangi (born 1986) a Kenyan-Norwegian singer, musician, songwriter and rapper.
 * Alexandra Rotan (born 1996) a singer for Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 2019

Sport

 * Tormod Knutsen (born 1932) a retired Nordic combined skier, silver and gold medallist at the 1960 & 1964 Winter Olympics
 * Ole Einar Martinsen (born 1967) a retired footballer with 300 club caps and two with Norway
 * Henning Berg (born 1969) a football manager and former player with 422 club caps and 100 with Norway
 * Espen Aarnes Hvammen (born 1988) a Norwegian champion speed skater
 * Henrik Furuseth (born 1996) a Norwegian racing driver

Sister cities
The following cities are twinned with Eidsvoll:
 * 🇮🇸 - Egilsstaðir, Iceland
 * 🇸🇪 - Skara, Västra Götaland County, Sweden
 * - Sorø, Region Sjælland, Denmark
 * 🇫🇮 - Suolahti, Länsi-Suomi, Finland

title: Eidsvoll


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Nannestad

Nannestad is a municipality in Akershus county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Romerike. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Teigebyen.

History
Nannestad was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt).

Store norske leksikon writes that "At søndre Låke gård (a farm), South of Nannestad Church, Skule Bårdsson beat Birkebeinar (a political group), [... on a battlefield] South of the farm".

Name and coat-of-arms
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Nannestad farm (Old Norse: Nannastaðir), since the first church was built here. The first element is the genitive case of Nanni (an old Norse male name) and the last element is staðir which means "homestead" or "farm".

The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted in 1990. The arms show three yellow coltsfoot flowers on a green background. This is a flower that is prevalent in the area.

Geography
Nannestad is located in northwestern Akershus county, with inhabitants concentrated at Romerikssletta. It includes the villages of Maura, Åsgreina, Eltonåsen, Steinsgård and Teigebyen, that last being the administrative centre.

Demographics
In 2017, 539 inhabitants had Polish parents and/or were Polish (themselves); 239 had Lithuanian parents and/or were Lithuanian.

Notable people

 * Hans Georg Jacob Stang (1830 in Nannestad – 1907) a Norwegian attorney and Norway's Prime Minister in Stockholm from 1888–1889
 * Oluf Wesmann-Kjær (1874 in Nannestad – 1945) a shooter, competed at the 1920 & 1924 Summer Olympics
 * Olaf Helset (1892 in Nannestad – 1960) an Army Major General and sports administrator
 * Håkon Christie (1922 in Nannestad – 2010) an architectural historian, antiquarian and author
 * Bjarne Røtterud (1929 in Nannestad – 2011) a Norwegian abstract painter
 * Gard Kristiansen (born 1972 in Nannestad) a retired football defender with 269 club caps
 * Katrine Moholt (born 1973 in Nannestad) a Norwegian TV personality and singer
 * Sven Atle Kopperud (born 1977 in Nannestad) stage name Silenoz, guitarist, founded the symphonic black metal band Dimmu Borgir in 1993
 * Posthum (founded 2004) a black metal band founded by Jon Kristian Skare and Morten Edseth

title: Nannestad


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Hurdal

Hurdal is a municipality in Akershus county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Romerike. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Hurdal.

Hurdal is located about 70 km north of Oslo, along the lake Hurdalsjøen. Fjellsjøkampen is the highest hill in Akershus. The mountain Toppåsen is also located in the municipality.

Name
The name (Old Norse: Urðardalr and Hurðardalr) is an old district name. (The name of the church site is Gjøing.) The first element is the genitive case of an old river name (later called Gjøingelva which means "Gjøing river"), probably Urð which means "stony river" (from urð which means "scree"). (The sideform Hurðardalr has an addition of a false /h/.) The last element is dalr meaning "valley" or "dale". Prior to 1918, the name was spelled "Hurdalen".

Coat-of-arms
The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted in 1988. The arms are green with a yellow-colored cone from a Norway Spruce tree (Picea abies).

History
The parish of Hurdalen was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The new municipality of Feiring was separated from Hurdal on 1 January 1870.

Attractions

 * Holy Trifon Skete, an Eastern Orthodox monastery of Orthodox church in Norway (Saint Nicolas commune). The monastery was established in 1985.

Notable residents

 * Børre Rognlien (born 1944 in Hurdal) a sports official and politician, former journalist and military officer
 * Harald Sunde (born 1954 in Hurdal) a military officer, head of the Norwegian Armed Forces 2009 to 2013
 * Robert Sørlie (born 1958 in Hurdal) - dog sled racer, winner of Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race in 2003 and 2005
 * Kjetil Mulelid (born 1991 in Hurdal) a Norwegian jazz pianist and composer

title: Hurdal


text:
Re, Norway

Re is a former municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. The 225 km2 municipality existed from 2000 until its dissolution in 2020. The area is now part of Tønsberg Municipality. The administrative centre was the village of Revetal. Other villages in the municipality included Ramnes, Brekkeåsen, Bergsåsen, Gretteåsen, Undrumsdal, Fon, Vivestad.

Prior to its dissolution in 2020, the 225 km2 municipality was the 316th largest by area out of the 422 municipalities in Norway. Re had a population of 9,730. The municipality's population density is 43.3 PD/km2.

The river Aulielva ran through the municipality. The highest point in Re was Snippane with an elevation of 400 m. Snippane was located along the border with Lardal Municipality, about 3 km south of the village of Hof.

General information
The municipality was established on 1 January 2002 when the two neighboring municipalities of Ramnes and Våle were merged to form one large municipality called Re.

On 1 January 2020, Re Municipality was dissolved and new borders were drawn for the municipalities of Horten, Tønsberg, and Holmestrand:
 * the 691 daa area that is on the northeast coast Re Municipality, including the island of Langøya, was transferred into Holmestrand Municipality
 * the 128 daa Haugan area was transferred from Horten Municipality to Re
 * the 388 daa Nykirke/Pauliveien area was transferred from Re to Horten Municipality
 * the 318 daa west Skoppum area was transferred from Re to Horten Municipality (creating a small exclave for the Råen farm inside Horten)
 * the remaining portions of Re Municipality was merged into Tønsberg Municipality

Name
The municipality is named after an old name for the district, Re (Ré). The name is related to the old German word which means "line" or "row", referring to the local geological formation called Raet.

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 31 August 2001 in preparation for the establishment of the new municipality on 1 January 2002. It was determined by a public competition and a public vote among inhabitants of the new municipality. The official blazon is "Vert, an escarbuncle Or" (I grønt en gul liljehaspel). This means the arms have a green field (background) and the charge is a five-pointed escarbuncle. The charge has a tincture of Or which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. The green color in the field symbolizes the importance of nature and agriculture. The five-pointed design has a long history in the area and it symbolizes unity and to point back in time to the historic battles fought at Re. The five points represent the five parishes within Re. The arms were designed by Arvid Steen. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.

Churches
The Church of Norway had five parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Re. It was part of the Nord-Jarlsberg prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Tunsberg.

History
In this area a battle took place in 1177, which is the last one mentioned in Heimskringla by Snorri Sturluson. Graves and other findings from the Viking Age and even earlier can be found throughout the district.

Government
While it existed, this municipality was responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, unemployment, social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads. During its existence, this municipality was governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor was indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality was under the jurisdiction of the Nordre Vestfold District Court and the Agder Court of Appeal.

Mayor
Re Municipality had only one mayor (ordfører) during its existence: Thorvald Hillestad from the Centre Party. He served from 2002 until its dissolution in 2020. Prior to this, he was the mayor of Våle Municipality for many years.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Re was made up of 25 representatives that were elected to four year terms. The tables below show the historical composition of the council by political party.

title: Re, Norway


text:
Ølen

Ølen is a former municipality in the Vestlandet region of Norway. The municipality existed from 1916 until 2006, and originally it was a part of Hordaland county, but in 2002 it was transferred to Rogaland county prior to its dissolution in 2006. The 181 km2 municipality was located on the south side of the Bjoafjorden and east of the Ålfjorden. The administrative center of Ølen was the village of Ølensjøen. The municipality of Ølen makes up the northern part of the present-day Vindafjord Municipality in Rogaland county.

History
The parish of Ølen was established as a municipality on 1 July 1916 when it was split off from the large municipality of Fjelberg. Initially, Ølen had 1,715 residents. During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964, the neighboring municipality of Vikebygd was dissolved and the eastern half of it (population: 578) was merged into the municipality of Ølen.

On 1 January 2002, the municipality of Ølen was transferred administratively from Hordaland county to Rogaland county. On 1 January 2003, the people of Ølen and the neighboring municipality of Vindafjord held a merger referendum which was successful. On 1 January 2006, Ølen and Vindafjord merged, forming a larger municipality called Vindafjord. Before the merger, Ølen had a population of 3,426. The coat of arms of the new Vindafjord municipality bears the design of the old Ølen arms and the colours of the old Vindafjord arms.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the Ølsfjorden (Ǫlund) since it was a central geographical feature of the municipality. The meaning of the name is uncertain, but it may come from the word which means "to produce" or "to nourish", possibly referring to the rich fishing in the fjord.

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 4 April 1986. The official blazon is "Gyronny embowed argent and vert" (Åttedelt av sølv og grønt ved virvelsnitt). This means the arms are a whirl design that divides the shield into 8 curved sections. The field (background) alternates colors, with half having a tincture of green and the other half have a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The design was chosen to symbolise the way that several major roads come together in the municipality, making it an important centre of trade. The arms were designed by Vigdis Viland. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.

Government
While it existed, this municipality was responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, unemployment, social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads. During its existence, this municipality was governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor was indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality was under the jurisdiction of the Gulating Court of Appeal.

Mayors
The mayors (ordfører) of Ølen (incomplete list):
 * 1999-2005: Arne Bergsvåg (Sp)

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Ølen was made up of 21 representatives that were elected to four-year terms. The party breakdown of the final municipal council of Ølen was as follows:

title: Ølen