text:
Talk:Histrionic personality disorder

Vioaltion against APAs copyright
Following link from APA says one need permission at first to reproduce DSM. Furthermore, it seems they only consider reproduction when it comes to password protected websites, or for educational purposes. Anyhow, I doubt there is any permission here.

https://www.appi.org/Support/Customer-Information/Permissions#Reprints

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
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Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 23:44, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Other attributes
I added the following other attributes to the list, but then decided I should move them here to the Talk page to get a second opinion before adding them to the article proper. Somebody please move them back if appropriate.

 * Chronic, pathological procrastination when a task is more difficult than desired or isn't "fun" or "exciting".
 * Tendency to blame others and/or external circumstances for problems.
 * Tendency to have "diseases" worsen at a faster rate.
 * A tendency to lie or distort the truth where necessary to maintain a facade, or to manipulate others.
 * Perfectionistic, obsessive and/or obsessive-compulsive tendencies.
 * Hypochondria, whether to garner attention, or simply born out of obsessive tendencies.
 * A tendency towards confirmation bias, thinking as oneself as "different" or "special" because of events that keep happening to oneself but supposedly not to other people. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.232.14.7 (talk) 04:38, 5 May 2012 (UTC)

 * My impression is that most of these are of dubious validity when they are claimed to be consequences of Histrionic Personality Disorder? And thus, they really shouldn't be included in a list of symptoms associated with HPD...
 * I'm not at all an expert on personality disorders - or on psychology?-), but I do know a bit about the subject, and many of the edits in this article clearly describe traits associated with Borderline Personality Disorder, as in the "Treatment" section of the article.
 * Regarding the item claiming the presence of Confirmation bias... I tend to think associating those characteristics with HPD makes sense, but that it would be more reasonable to characterize them as rooted in "self-promotion"? ;-)
 * ... among the ones remaining, I feel really dubious about the one claiming "A limited or minimal capability of experiencing love" ... but can't check the citation! - thanks, bonze blayk (talk) 17:24, 5 May 2012 (UTC)
 * In the world of Cluster B Personality Disorders, there is often overlap in symptoms. This is why when many have a diagnosis of a personality disorder, it often has other traits of another disorder or 2 - known as comorbidity.
 * I would also like to argue on the idea that one with HPD (or any personality disorder) are not "limited [on their] capability of experiencing love." If HPD is part of the cluster B disorder group, it means that they're in the "dramatic" cluster - characterized by more emotionally irrational symptoms. I also speak from experience. StarHazed (talk) 23:41, 11 December 2022 (UTC)

The HPD woman is typically a flirt, vivacious and "highly sexual". She tends to have multiple men in her life. Usually there is a "dominant male" (who is controlling and narcicisstic) followed by "secondary" males in her life who are her former sexual liasons and the remaining males are members of her "fanclub" who vie for her "attentions" but who she feels have nothing to offer in a emotional or material sense but she maintains friendships with them to supply her desire and need to be the center of attention and her need to feel and be desired. (C.J. 09/28/12) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 167.193.37.238 (talk) 05:58, 29 September 2012 (UTC)

Pathology?
"Pathology increases with the level of intimacy in relationships, which is exactly the same for males. Women may show inappropriate and intense anger masking their internal battle between the quest for intimacy and avoiding pathology."

is pathology the correct word? pathology is the study of disease which doesnt seem to make sense in this context. 76.190.206.197 (talk) 15:54, 15 September 2008 (UTC)Anna

Agreed, I didn't understand that sentence either, and linking to the pathology article seems weird. What's the intended meaning? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.16.103.33 (talk) 19:33, 23 September 2008 (UTC)

pathology itself means 'sickness'. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.160.9.230 (talk) 01:19, 25 June 2010 (UTC)

That sentence actually makes perfect sense. it is written in Psychology jargon, which is the way an article about a psychological issue should be written. In Simple English translation, it means, the level of sickness or impairment, that is, the symptoms increase when the histrionic person is pressed into a situation where they have to get emotionall closer to someone else, and therefore are at greater risk of rejection. In the clinical psychology world, pathology means that pattern of maladaptive behaviors or symptoms. That passage should not be editted on the main entry page and actually does make perfect sense. Check a basic text on persnality disorders. JackVigdor. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jackvigdor (talk • contribs) 18:41, 22 May 2012 (UTC)

Weird word in 3rd paragraph
"They are emotionally labile and cling to others in the context of immature relationships." I have never heard the word "labile": before, so I am hesitant to edit this. Is it a medical term, or a misspelling, or what? --DOHC Holiday 21:22, 3 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Labile means erratic emotionality. It is a common term in psychiatry. --DashaKat 16:46, 23 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, I understand it to mean "easily changeable" or "not stable" in the fickle sense; not to be "smart" but next time can't you just look it up? (The Free Dictionary is very good, or just go to Google and type define: term).Historian932 (talk) 03:02, 21 October 2011 (UTC)

Copyright queries
"quotes from the manual are NOT COPYRIGHT PROTECTED - they are free to be reproduced)"

The above needs a citation where the author of the manual has relinquished copyright. --mav

 * I removed the prevalence stats, because they aren't in the external link, and such a claim needs some kind of evidence, I feel. More importantly, we need to say who said it, so that people who are anti-psychiatry can accept the article as NPOV. Martin

Note: The text in this article was substantially similar to that on http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001531.htm which is marked as "Copyright 2002 A.D.A.M., Inc". Note that presence on a .gov site does not necessarily imply that material is in the public domain! In addition, if it is claimed that this material is from "the manual" ie. the DSM-IV, note that that too is copyrighted, this time by the American Psychiatric Asociation.

I have thus removed it, as per copyright policy.

 * Read the source. It's explicitly public domain. Tannin 21:56 Feb 14, 2003 (UTC)

 * "Government information at NLM Web sites is in the public domain. Public domain information may be freely distributed and copied, but it is requested that in any subsequent use the National Library of Medicine (NLM) be given appropriate acknowledgement."

 * Actually, if you read the copyright FAQ on the NIH site (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/faq/copyrightfaq.html), it specifically says that the Adam material is copyrighted. - CE

Avoiding people
Avoid these people at all costs! I'm pretty sure I got mixed up with somebody who has got this disorder and I can only say that I'm much happier that I now have nothing to do with them.
 * Anon, please do not troll, or at the very least constrain your comments on the talk page to the article. Thank you. - Ta bu shi da yu 14:45, 13 September 2006 (UTC)

Hmm, I'm not sure avoiding someone with Histrionic Personality Disorder is going to help them in the long time- it may, in fact, make them worse. Everyone needs to be loved at the end of the day; ironically, that's what many people with personality disorders seemed to have been starved of when they were children, when they were abused, abandoned or rejected. Walking away from them as adults is not a solution, but repearts the past, makes them more alienated, and would encourage them to do more destructive (e.g. attention-seeking) behaviours.

I say calm, patience, good therapy, medication, and divine grace are needed to help such people!

 * From my experience such people need to be made aware of the disorder by the person they identify with most strongly. It is very difficult to get the sufferer to seek treatment because they have a deep-rooted fear of evaluating themselves. The partner (especially in a long-term relationship) is not the type to divulge the problem on his/ her own and is likely to need counseling also. It takes an incredible amount of patience and strength to shepherd somebody through this. Zoltar 8 11:51, 14 January 2007 (UTC)Z

I'm seeing the symptoms of HPD correlate with "middle child syndrome." Am I correct in thinking that? It seems that there is a constant need for self justification and attention seeking. I love my sister but sometimes I just feel like she's sapping all the energy out of me... Fromshelter 16:01, 7 February 2007 (UTC)

I have a friend who most likely has this disorder; she is very emotionally unstable in nearly every form imaginable, she tries to seem smarter than she actually is, she's publicly contemplated suicide on several occasions for attention, she almost never has her own opinions, she wears odd clothes to get attention, she's very touchy-feely, and she's managed to use all of these tactics to get friends in the first place. The problem is that she's getting on everyone's last nerve, including the most patient person I know, and she's completely oblivious to the actual effect she has on people. Of course, now that we're such close friends, I'd feel bad just abandoning her, even if I do feel liberated whenever she isn't around. Aeuoah 01:58, 22 October 2007 (UTC)

--- Amatuer psychologists are the most dangerous kind. This page does not really emphasis enough that the necessary precondition to any psychiatric or medical condition is that the people who have these "problems" are highly destructive to themselves or to others. Many of the traits listed are common human behavious in normal people at various times. Psychiatric conditions are very difficult to diagnose and you certainly cannot diagnose HPD in a person from the description provided in this article. In fact its dangerous to do so. If you have a serious "problem" with a person, dont try to practice psychology/psychiatry on them. If you insist on telling them they need professional help, then get the hell out of their way, because even if you're right they'll take it as the deep insult it is. They could have the "problem", or you could simply have a "problem" with them. If you feel you are at serious risk from someone, dont feel sorry for them until you have taken measures to protected yourself from them. Dont try to insist or force treatment on them because you are not a doctor and your first priority anyway should be to protect yourself. If you are right about them and you fail to immediately take steps to protect yourself from them they will create serious psychological/prychiatric problems for you. If you think the above is too harsh, then the person DOES NOT have this extremely dangerous medical condition. Dont go around lightly accusing people of being insane or "needing help" - its highly defamatory and extremely offensive. People do funny things for all sorts of reasons. Dont play doctor. Abunyip 01:59, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

-- I wouldn't say avoid is the best advice. But one must be prepared to deal with this kind of a person. I have a similar outlook after working with someone with narcissistic personality disorder (diagnosed by several health/psych professionals). It would be unacceptable to insist that everyone avoids or even claim that I know what is best for someone like this. But being on a low echelon of professionals that works with clients with various disorders, I can relate to the anon comment. Beware when dealing with someone like this. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.107.230.145 (talk) 19:38, 30 January 2008 (UTC)

Outside links
This article needs more citations/footnote references. Two of the "Outside Links" are well referenced, written by psychiatric professionals, and could be a great source of help in this regard. Two of the cites on this page are references to as yet non-existent pages on two persons. Either these pages must be created and referenced, or the material must be referenced from other sources or end up pulled. -I am Kiwi 11:24, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

I have added an outside link to a self test checking for traits of psychopathic, narcissistic and histrionic personality disorders based on ICD-10 and DSM-IV that could be of help for ppl who are not sure which disorder (if any) they are actually suffering from. It got deleted by 'OhNoitsJamie' @ 15:44, 12 January 2012 (UTC) by a mouseclick right away - a mouseclick by which she even removed a factual error in the text I corrected and that took me some tiem to dig up a credible source for. I can understand that contributions of 'new' users are checked carefully, but this treatment feels very awkward. Here is the link to the test: http://www.counseling-office.com/surveys/test_psychopathy.phtml, please check yourself if it may damage the reputation of Wikipedia as 'OhNoitsJamie' claimed... Sys2007 (talk) 17:28, 12 January 2012 (UTC)
 * No thanks, per WP:EL and WP:Reliable sources. Wikipedia is not a vehicle for advertising commercial sites. OhNo itsJamie Talk 18:31, 12 January 2012 (UTC)

Pictures
Appropriate artwork would enhance this article. For instance, there are paintings of physicians attending to "hysterical female patients" that could be placed alongside the History sectin. -I am Kiwi 11:26, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

Good candidates for histrionic personality disorder
Paris Hilton seems to have this mental illness. I'm no doctor, but she seems to fit the diagnostic criteria like a glove.--aceslead 22:20, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

 * A good many hollywood/ music industry types would seem to be candidates for evaluation IMO.Zoltar 8 12:13, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Interesting observation, but even if I were a doctor, I wouldn't try to make a diagnosis based solely on the public image. For all we know, inside that seemingly vapid head of hers is a crazy-like-a-fox mad genius. I doubt it, but I'm just saying... -- RoninBK T C 10:56, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

Frankly, I don't know why this is classified as a disease! Don't worry, I'm no anti-psychiatry scion, but frankly, I think Histrionic Personality Disorder should just be re-named "Teenage Girl". —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.154.38.185 (talk) 12:12, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

 * This is why there is the age cut-off in the general symptoms of personailty disorder - a lot of teenagers seem to show abnormal personality characteristics that they seem to grow out of. Egmason (talk) 22:26, 9 January 2012 (UTC)

This DISORDER does seem drawn by a misogynist, but rest assured it is not a disease like you say. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.161.50.205 (talk) 22:07, 23 July 2009 (UTC)

 * No mental disorder is a disease (IMO) but they can be considered "illnesses"…they're not the exact same thing. ([User:Historian932|Historian932]] (talk) 03:12, 21 October 2011 (UTC)

 * It was revealed 06-17-2012 that the accused child molester, Jerry Sandusky, will attempt to use Histrionic Personality Disorder in his defense. Zippy47710) (talk) 13:30, 18 June 2012 (UTC)

Fictional histrionics
Could someone add a section in which literary characters or historical figures who likely had this illness could be listed? I think it would help people get a sense of what this disorder is.. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.33.51.239 (talk • contribs)

 * That's a double edged sword though, I seem to spend so much time moving similar lists to seperate list articles before they overwhelm other text? --Zeraeph 17:55, 23 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Not only that, it would become an all too tempting target for people to stray from the historical and literary, and violate WP:BLP in the process. Either that, or vandalized, (I briefly considered what would happen if I uploaded a picture of my ex-fiancee, but of course I'd never act on that impulse...) -- RoninBK T C 10:56, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

 * First character that comes to mind is Melanie Griffith's character "Lulu" aka Audrey in "Something Wild".

My high school psych teacher said Goldie Hahns (I know sp) character from the banger sisters seems to have it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Xxbulldogxx (talk • contribs) 09:07, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I bet Shiori from MARS has this. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.119.14.34 (talk) 03:52, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Maria Crawford - Mansfield Park.
 * Norman Spencer - What Lies Beneath
 * Scarlet O'Hara - Gone With The Wind
 * Amber Sweet - Repo! The Genetic Opera
 * Jenna Maroney - 30 Rock
 * Abigail Williams from The Crucible by Arthur Miller shows histrionic features but is much more narcissistic and antisocial than histrionic. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.133.201.140 (talk) 23:22, 9 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Emma Bovary - Madame Bovary Gaustave Flaubert Egmason (talk) 22:38, 9 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Bellatrix Lestrange and Gilderoy Lockhart from Harry Potter. --2.102.55.173 (talk) 04:08, 19 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Norman Spencer certainly does not have HPD; he likely has borderline personality disorder or sadistic personality disorder. Domineering, controlling behaviour and use of violence to achieve what one wants are not HPD features. When in public he is well-behaved, quiet, reserved and emotionally cold, whereas histrionics are very extrovert, over-emotional, attention-seeking, flirtatious and seductive. Jim Michael (talk) 18:45, 12 May 2012 (UTC)

Lydia Bennett from Pride and Prejudice. --86.171.2.52 (talk) 23:04, 10 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Barney Stinson from How I Met Your Mother — Preceding unsigned comment added by Scoutingforgeeks (talk • contribs) 13:10, 27 July 2013 (UTC)

Repetitious?
Does this article seem to rehash the same things again and again? It seems to list symptoms three times under different headers and twice states that diagnosis is difficult, in different sections. Maybe this should be streamlined?Joyan 16:22, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

Forer article
Oh My God! This disorder fits me perfectly! I exibit a lot of these symptoms. What do I Do? El Presidante (talk) 16:01, February 8, 2008 —Preceding comment was added at 01:04, 9 February 2008 (UTC)

It sounds to me like this should be renamed "College Student Personality Disorder" -Jeremy Frank —Preceding unsigned comment added by 144.62.16.12 (talk) 16:06, 23 January 2009 (UTC)

 * That's because the description is vague and suffers from the problems of the Forer effect BrainMagMo (talk) 17:47, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

In order to have a personality disorder, be it histrionic or another disorder, your life has to have become unmanageable. The personality traits have to have over taken your life in such a matter that it is causing you to have daily problems functioning. If someone has the traits of a histrionic personality it does not mean they have a histrionic personality disorder. Sumrsnow (talk) 21:15, 27 February 2010 (UTC)

Histrionic/narcissistic personalities
How does the guy below get to evaluate his adulterous "lover" but not himself?!?! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.39.176.52 (talk) 18:35, 17 February 2014 (UTC)

I have been having an affair for many years with a person that displays these characteristics. This person demonstrates a behavior very similar to what you would associate with a histrionic/ narcissistic personality. It is very difficult to be sure. I am not a professional psychologist or psychiatrist, but her is what I have observe over the years:

It does require a lot of free time to provide them with the attention they constantly crave for. They can be ultra friendly and appear very caring. They will tell you that they love you, adore you and can’t live without you because they know that you will be stimulated to feed their craving for attention. At other times, they can be cold, cruel and show a lack of empathy for others. It is a personality that constantly seesaws between extreme positions. They are very bright and extremely manipulative. They will gradually attempt to control your person and mind. When they sense that they are loosing your attention, they will tell you that you should concentrate on your spouse. This is only a tactic to get you to concentrate on them. If you dropped them (and they don't have another partner) they will call you back and make an excuse about their behavior and tell you about their deep love for you. In reality, your sole purpose is to fill their craving for attention.

When they are not depressed, sex can be utterly unbelievable and kinky. Their craving for sex is limitless and most imaginative. They just want to do it everywhere and as often as possible. It flatters them a great deal when you take pictures of their naked body. Their impulsive drives and flirtatious behavior forces them to look for other partners to sustain their need for attention. When they identify someone they like, they can be extremely forward with that person. They don’t shy away from telling him of their deep desire. Once they have ensnared the person, they will have some excuse not to appear too “easy”. They can appear prude one minute and sexually pervasive the next. It can drive you crazy. Again the sole purpose of these swings is to get your full attention by keeping you focus on them exclusively. Obviously, you should not expect to be their sole source of interest after a while because they get bored easily! It requires a lot of imagination to sustain their interest, but it can be most interesting.

They want the ultimate love and attention. If you have another relationship, they will work very hard at breaking the relationship you have with your partner because they want your full attention. They are envious and jealous of your companion. They are extremely self-centered and continuously talk about themselves. Conversations are usually monologue about themselves, their money, possessions and accomplishments. You learn with time that most of their monologues are somewhat exaggerated. At times, it can be difficult to interrupt their self-centered narratives. They lie with such ease that it becomes a second nature for them. They can easily blur the line between truth and lies. They don’t show any constriction when you catch them lying. They will even try to make you believe a lie even when you know the truth. They are fascinating manipulators.

A word of advice, if you want this type of personify as a lover, make sure to protect yourself from their great abilities at trying to control you and thrash your mind. Don’t ever fall in love. They will destroy your sanity and your life. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.81.103.23 (talk) 13:00, 25 April 2008 (UTC)

I too have had a relationship with a woman showing these characteristics. When I met her I was in a relationship that was failing and she was a friend. She was married and we formed a good friendship based on good discussion. She was very attentive and combined with being beautiful i was immediately drawn to her charming personality, her apparent honesty and constant communication. What I realise now was that I was a source of attention for her and she had my attention completely on a daily basis. I was drawn into the saviour role as I heard never ending stories about her daily unhappiness and battles with her husband (2nd husband) for a woman who was 26 at the time. I provided a relief to what she related was her daily agony of her unhappy life. Now I understand that this was the over-emotional exageration and over embellishment of her unhappiness as she craved new and exciting. I also recall her constantly flirting with other men, constantly going out to coffee with them as "friends" and her relating how she just could not cope with her children.

I eventually left my relationship to live on my own and told her i thought we were drawing too close and did not want to interfere with her marriage, also other firends of hers had told her they were attracted to me. She immediately told me she loved me, we were soul mates, I was the one who truly knew her and she wanted to be with me and leave her husband for me. I was deeply in love with her and accepted her advances. I felt pressure to praise her and felt sucked into the role of hearing the exaggerated dilema's of her life, offering advice and solutions but feeling the frustrations that none of the advice or solutions were acted upon to help solve those issues. I was always given the excuse, "You and I are different and I am doing it my way." I realise now that if the dilemas of her unhappy marriage and other concerns weren't what she wanted solved, otherwise she would not be drawing any attention to herself, nor would she be embroiling herself in the middle of such wonderful drama.

Sex with her was amazing, but it was used as a tool, as ammunition to be pulled out when I tried to draw away from the frustrations of dealing with the deception of the affair and lack of motivation to change anything. If I drew away and stopped contact I would get completely hysterical phone calls and visits begging me to stay that she was coming to me and asking questions about whether I had found someone else. The attention was lavish and in hindsight completely over the top. However once I was drawn back to her she would shut it off, become cold and distant, making me chase, then the pattern would repeat itself once I got upset and decided this wasn't for me. In hindsight I can see I was a pawn, hidden in a box only to be pulled out when she wanted to play with me, it was all about her and had nothing to do with me. If I tried to break free I was drawn back in. If I tried to jump out of that box I was quickly berated with unbelievable anger and told how much I was hurting her and beng abusive to her by my attempts to do so. Eventually her husband left her and I had to be the unseen and unknown shoulder on the side and support mechanism, drawn in but held completely at arms length. Any attempt by me to enter the reality of her life was shut down by over the top emotions and threats then promises of change. Any emotion shown by me was coldly disregarded and not paid any attention to other than the accusation of my being abusive in venting frustration.

I felt driven completely insane via rapid changes of emotions on her part daily, constant shifting of position and constant drawing in and then pulling away that I broke free of the relationship by declaring the truth of it to her family and her ex-husband and then leaving.

Notwithstanding I had just created a situation of outstanding drama and attention towards her, exactly what she constantly craved and wanted, whether that be negative or not. I was publicly disgraced and accussed of various misdemeanours and abuse. Her husband was drawn back to return to the marital home and then accussed of threatening her life and physical abuse. My god it was good for her, she was the talk of the town.

Some time later I formed another rleatioship with a woman who was so completely the reverse of her. Immediately for months afterwards she pursued me, attempted to seduce me and told me I was the one, I was the only one and she wanted me to choose her, we belonged together. I resisted for months but was drawn in by threats and over elaborate attempts at seduction. She could not bare that I was showing my attention to another. I was happy in my relationship and did my best to limit contact, not get sucked in but it was constant. I was rung day and night and all sorts of guilt trips applied to me. It was as if I was single handedly destroying her. The pressure form this after 18 months of it ruined my other relationship and I ended up alone.

Once I was alone and paid attention to her again, in the space of three weeks I was drawn in told that we were soul mates and visited with over the top sex and photos asent to me and very sexual text messages and then withdrawn from and treated with contempt.

I eventually lost the plot and became so angry and confused - It was not til I read this article and ticked every single box in the description of her that I realised this was a never ending battle I would not win. I could not tell her about this condiction because nothing is wrong with her, according to her. So i left and cut her off all together, changed numbers and address. It had to be done.

It was not only just me, it was every facet of her life. Her brother was married recently and she pulled a turn about stress and her children in order to draw the attention to her. She uses her two children born to two different fathers as pawns in custody games with them on a continuous basis with them and then accussing them of being abusive when they get angry about it, or that they don't care about their kids when they try not to react. Either way, No-one will ever win with a person like this. If you see anyhting remotely similar in your situations - RUN!!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 164.112.249.14 (talk) 06:13, 29 August 2008 (UTC)

-- Actually the second story here more closely resembles borderline personality disorder —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.31.41.120 (talk) 02:52, 4 February 2011 (UTC)

Anti-male bias
Again (for the nth time), a WikiProject Psychology entry discriminates against men. Under the "In females" section, woman are (again) described as victims, while under "In males" men are described as perpetrators. It is quite subtle, but it is there.

This contradicts Wikipedia's NPOV. I'm sorry, it just does. Please let's clean this sort of thing up. Personally I'm rather fed-up with the creeping and insidious feminist misandry that pervades many WikiProject Psychology articles. It's about time we became objective about it, and stop this "reverse discrimination", where we consistently blame men for the ills of the world. --Atikokan (talk) 04:52, 24 August 2008 (UTC)

 * A better approach might be to fix it yourself. Whatever404 (talk) 18:37, 25 August 2008 (UTC)

Hmmm...that's great advice for the patriarchy! Fix yourselves!!! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.39.176.52 (talk) 18:37, 17 February 2014 (UTC)

Disputed section, opinion of Dr. Hahn
I am troubled by the inclusion of the following:

"However, Psychiatrist Dr. Rhoda Hahn supposes that it may be more often diagnosed in women because attention-seeking and sexual forwardness are typically considered to be less socially acceptable for women than for men, and, as suggested by Jonathan Oore, a more efficient means of initial social advancement."

While the quote may be valid and correctly referenced (I have not checked this), it is my personal opinion (I respect your right to have another opinion) that including it gives the wrong overall impression. I note, in particular, that the claim that it is less socially acceptable for women to be attention seeking is highly dubious: Not only would I consider it highly accepted, but would also argue that it something that most women do. (I do not have good references at hand, but The Female Brain could be a starting point. I would also assume that most others have made the same experience in person, in the first place.) The corresponding statement about "sexual forwardness" may hold; however, is rapidly becoming dated.

Further, the very idea that women would be less prone to this disorder verges on the absurd. When this disorder is discussed (including earlier comments on this talk page), there are almost invariably reactions along the lines of "All women have Histrionic Personality Disorder."---indeed, my own reaction has always been that it is just an extreme form of "normal/typical" female behaviour.

In effect, Dr. Hahn's claim is comparable to "Men are found to be taller than 2 meters more often than women because tallness is less accepted in men.".

I have added the Disputed-section tag for now. 88.77.153.96 (talk) 09:51, 5 June 2009 (UTC)

I've removed the material in question (as cited on the history page) and taken down the "Factual accuracy" dispute. Rocketpop (talk) 21:06, 26 July 2009 (UTC)

Treatment section
There is nothing in the references cited that suggests that Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) should ever be used as a treatment for HPD. I consulted the works cited and amended the treatment section to include valid recommended therapies. Also, the previously stated assertion that Group Therapy should be avoided altogether is also incorrect, according to the sources; rather, it can be beneficial if moderated. This has also been noted. Seduisant (talk) 15:37, 22 July 2009 (UTC)

yes; read The Bell Jar as to ECT. The film One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest also gives a useful take. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lianalupe (talk • contribs) 20:23, 8 June 2011 (UTC)

Deleted section
Deleted section on the etymology of the word "Hysteria" because it seemed irrelevant and overly political (for lack of a better word). It didn't really do anything to communicate the definition of Histrionic Personality Disorder. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.253.101.142 (talk) 04:51, 9 November 2009 (UTC)
 * I dont agree. We cant airbrush out historical ideas because these days they wouldnt be considered politically correct. Also it explains the inherent female bias in the concept of "histrionics" and the persecution of "witches". The female bias of HPD remains controversial these days as well. --Penbat (talk) 11:42, 9 November 2009 (UTC)

Vampires?
On the page: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanguine_(disambiguation) there is a link to "Vampire Community" that links to this page. I presume that this is incorrect. 24.113.52.123 (talk) 01:19, 5 February 2010 (UTC)

Copyright problems with diagnostic criteria
The American Psychiatric Association has not released its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders into public domain, but claims copyright. The Wikimedia Foundation has received a letter of complaint (2010030910040817, for those with access) about the use of their diagnostic criteria in this and a number of other articles. Currently, this content is blanked pending investigation, which will last approximately one week. Please feel free to provide input at the copyright problems board listing during that time. Individuals with access to the books would be particularly welcome in helping to conduct the investigation. Assistance developing a plan to prevent misuse of the APA's material on Wikipedia projects would also be welcome. Thank you. Moonriddengirl (talk) 13:56, 11 March 2010 (UTC)

Tarot and histrionics
Below is the reading for the Queen of Wands (reversed) in the Rider Waite Tarot:

Queen of Wands, when reversed: The dark essence of fire behaving as water, such as steam: The natural embodiment of passion and sensuality, who will do anything to the be the center of attention. A seducer who calculatingly dons the guise of what others desire. A cocky and domineering person, who pushes anyone or anything aside to get what she wants. One who is vengeful and quick to take offense without good cause. May indicate infidelity and contempt for a relationship.

Interesting to see that this personality has been noticed for some time. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 158.81.191.1 (talk) 18:12, 17 May 2010 (UTC)

This article is not sourced enough...
As Abunyp says, "Many of the traits listed are common human behaviours in normal people at various times. Psychiatric conditions are very difficult to diagnose and you certainly cannot diagnose HPD in a person from the description provided in this article. In fact its dangerous to do so."

I highly agree with this statement, and perhaps the most important part of it is that the description provided in this article is insufficient to prove that this is an actual psychiatric condition and not just a certain personality — and I believe that if HPD is to be diagnosed as, or is to continue to be diagnosed as, a bona fide psychiatric disorder rather than just a personality or personality difference, this wiki article is going to have to go out of its way to be a lot more specific than it is right now, in terms of parsing out the clinical certainties having to do with clear differences between a histrionic personality disorder and a histrionic personality.

What exactly makes a "histrionic personality" a "disorder to begin with? I have my skepticism that it can even be called a "disorder" to begin with, but if there are clinical reasons why it can, those clinical reasons are not explicitly stated right now, leading to a wiki article on the phenomenon that freely blurs the lines between the "disorder" form of this thing and the "regular" form of this thing (if there is one).

One other main concern I have with the classification of this thing as a "disorder" is that the psychiatric community itself doesn't have a psychiatric medication treatment for it that will help it to any degree, large or small, just like they don't have a psychiatric medication for dependent personality disorder either (which itself is a contentious term because apparently there is a non-clinical dependent type of person versus a clinical type of dependent person, the latter of which is assumed to be due to the person's depth of fear; if it's deep enough, the person is clinical and if it's not deep enough, the person is not; this is very ambiguous, unverifiable and dubious). The apparent lack of an ability, according to both the articles I'm mentioning, to give a clear pattern of treatment that can also include medication, in my mind casts severe doubt on the idea that HPD and DPD even deserve to be clinically called "disorders". Most people seem to be aware of the fact that there is a difference between a certain personality that needs psychological help but is clinically 'normal', and someone with a definable personality disorder who needs compulsory long-term psychiatric assistance.

Bottom line, I have major problems with this article, and I think that perhaps the clinically-knowledgeable people over in WikiProject Psychology might help us to get this article more clinical-sounding, as well as perhaps the dependent personality disorder article as well. I'll tag both those articles for review by them, if they aren't tagged as such already. Kikodawgzzz (talk) 17:58, 14 October 2010 (UTC)
 * I guess the distinction you draw is like narcissism v narcissistic personality disorder where a certain amount of narcissism is perfectly healthy, so in theory we should have a separate "histrionic behaviour" or "histrionics" article. --Penbat (talk) 10:59, 15 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Yes, we should, if indeed we want to give the "disorder" version of this article any credence at all--which I guess we have to, considering it's in the psychiatric handbooks as official disorders (ICD-10, the DSMs, etc), and to create controversy by re-titling or deleting this page would probably not go over well with the representatives of the APA and similar organisations. We've already had one lady from the APA on here who has bitched at us about "copyright infringement", so I don't doubt that outright deletion or re-titling of this article to take away the "disorder" classification would probably make for a HUGE backlash. Not that I wouldn't do it anyway, if it were all up to me. Kikodawgzzz (talk) 17:17, 19 October 2010 (UTC)

Histrionic personality disorder
The reason for the long-been iffiness of this article is simple. "[E]xcessive need for approval and inappropriate seductiveness" are culturally relative phenomenon. Any disorder stemming directly from interactions with "histrionic" types is a social disorder, which ought to be learned in the context of sociology, not psychology, while some of the real personality disorders such as anti-social behavior may be secondary effects partly caused by such social conflicts.siNkarma86—Expert Sectioneer of Wikipedia undefined 07:21, 29 May 2011 (UTC)

"L. Gutierrez"/feminist rant section
Histrionic personality disorder, as classified in the DSM, has naught to do with gender and is very rarely even considered as a diagnosis. lianalupe brings a pile of uncited, irrelevant, feminist drivel to this article. Not only has she clearly misunderstood the point & context of the article, she tries to sway the reader with unintelligible use of pretentious wording & new age feminist rambling. I find the idea of anyone reading this article & even remotely correlating it with the standard behavior of women absolutely repulsive, that includes someone who would find the need to write some nonsense to defend the honor of women. You should all be ashamed of yourselves. While the DSM is ever-evolving & a very imperfect guide, homosexuality was removed in the 1986 DSM-III revision. I do believe that was long enough ago to stop qualifying as a good example. Indeed, women were once diagnosed with hysteria, believed to be a uniquely female affliction, and institutionalized. This section would make more sense under the wiki article for hysteria as it is not synonymous with histrionic personality disorder. If you'd like to dispute the validity of the DSM, don't pick & choose which disorders will allow you to flaunt your own bias & "feminazi" propaganda. This is prime example of why Wikipedia, though perhaps one of the best sources for information, is not a valid source for cited research in school papers. I've tried to remove this section once, only to have it magically reappear. If it's that important to you, cite your materials properly & place it in a relevant article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Brokencurio (talk • contribs) 00:02, 14 June 2011 (UTC)

 * I support the removal of this content as rant/blog material, non-encyclopedic, and extreme WP:POV. --Seduisant (talk) 21:13, 14 June 2011 (UTC)
 * the feminist perspective is entirely valid as a point of view (although personally i dont agree with it) - they also criticise borderline PD. But this is just an uncited non-encyclopedic rant and i support removal.--Penbat (talk) 21:45, 14 June 2011 (UTC)
 * I wouldnt object if it was much more concise, focused and properly sourced.--Penbat (talk) 12:10, 15 June 2011 (UTC)

Everyone is gay
Histrionic Personality Disorder is more often diagnosed in women than men, and when diagnosed in men often associated with homosexuality.(See: "Clinical applications of cognitive therapy," p. 260) That would be Gay or BI. They routinely attach sexual motivations to other people while denying any in themselves, and are superficial, insincere, and shallow with others.(See: "The new Harvard guide to women's health," p. 457-458) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Petey Parrot (talk • contribs) 21:08, 16 June 2011 (UTC)

Celtic people?
Are celtic people more likely to have histrionic personality disorder? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.103.144.156 (talk) 09:18, 23 June 2011 (UTC)

 * I sincerely doubt it, most mental disorders have *relatively* stable rates across ethnocultural groups (although how they get manifested, and how they are best treated, can vary widely according to cultural content). Why would you think this would be the case with Celts? If anything I would like people from groups like Italians and/or Middle Easterners (especially Semitic ones [meaning both Jews and Arabs]) *living in Euro-American cultures* would tend to get overdiagnosed…perhaps you think Celts are more likely to act out because the culture is *generally* less emotional (so people's feelings build up and then explode)? (or don't you agree with that stereotype to begin with?) P.S. A great book on the relationship between psychology and ethnocultural background is "Ethnicity and Family Therapy"; they release a new edition every few years I'm sure there are chapters on Irish, Angl-Americans, etc. maybe even Welsh. Historian932 (talk) 03:19, 21 October 2011 (UTC)

 * HPD is most common in Latin/hispanic people. Jim Michael (talk) 02:19, 28 April 2013 (UTC)

Clinical?
What is the basis for the "warning" at the top of the article differentiating between Histrionic Personality Type and Disorder insofar as it defines one as "clinical" and the other as not…what real meaning does that have? (Because some "professionals" choose to define one of them as such? I don't think that changes the person or their behavior.) Historian932 (talk) 03:22, 21 October 2011 (UTC)
 * I've moved the "warning" into this talk thread because it's a non-standard warning, and replaced it with . Here's what it said: "This article may conflate the histrionic Personality Type, which is not clinical, with the histrionic personality disorder, which is. More, and clearer, explanations and sources from exclusively psychiatrically-verifiable origins, should be provided by editors to this page, to lessen and/or eliminate this alleged conflation." It was added on Oct. 14, 2010 by . Hopefully that helps. —/M endaliv /2¢/Δ's/ 22:08, 19 February 2012 (UTC)

DSM-V proposed changes
The DSM-V is proposing a somewhat controversial revamping of personality disorders. The proposed revision needs to be copied here (under fair use) and explanation of the nature of the inclusion of this disorder into the narcissistic/antagonistic subtypes. I unfortunately do not have access to reliable sources. John Holly (talk) 01:03, 28 February 2012 (UTC)

Ruth E
Removed the 'Ruth E' nonsense that's been there for 6 years unchallenged.

It was added by an account whose only edits (all from 2006-2007) were vandalism - varying from dding single nonsense sentences to this, cyanide, and cat breed articles .. to simply blanking the declaration of independence text. This has been challenged explicitly for some 9 months now and no cite can be found. In fact, discussions exist trying to find this fictional character as a result of the claim in this article. The linked external thread suggests perhaps the ~1850ish 'Anna O' might be the real source, but that doesn't agree with the actual sentence in the article as it currently stands (a landmark case illustrating the DSM-IV revisions).

The edit in question that inserted it: 05:23, 7 November 2006 216.48.13.116 (talk). . (10,214 bytes) (+119). . (→History of the DSM-IV diagnosis) (undo) By all means check the user page for that IP and see the other contributions. If any source can be found for this material (that predates 2006, to avoid possibility of self-referencing) by all means re-add it. The pre-2006 requirement shouldn't be onerous if the claim is true, since to influence the DSM-IV the case would have to have been widely publicized prior to 1996. Tofof (talk) 08:04, 15 April 2012 (UTC)

Impact of recent student edits
This article has recently been edited by students as part of their course work for a university course. As part of the quality metrics for the education program, we would like to determine what level of burden is placed on Wikipedia's editors by student coursework.

If you are an editor of this article who spent time correcting edits to it made by the students, please tell us how much time you spent on cleaning up the article. Please note that we are asking you to estimate only the negative effects of the students' work. If the students added good material but you spent time formatting it or making it conform to the manual of style, or copyediting it, then the material added was still a net benefit, and the work you did improved it further. If on the other hand the students added material that had to be removed, or removed good material which you had to replace, please let us know how much time you had to spend making those corrections. This includes time you may have spent posting to the students' talk pages, or to Wikipedia noticeboards, or working with them on IRC, or any other time you spent which was required to fix problems created by the students' edits. Any work you did as a Wikipedia Ambassador for that student's class should not be counted.

Please rate the amount of time spent as follows:
 * 0 -No unproductive work to clean up
 * 1 - A few minutes of work needed
 * 2 - Between a few minutes and half an hour of work needed
 * 3 - Half an hour to an hour of work needed
 * 4 - More than an hour of work needed

Please also add any comments you feel may be helpful. We welcome ratings from multiple editors on the same article. Add your input here. Thanks! -- LiAnna Davis (WMF) (talk) 20:45, 27 May 2012 (UTC)

Love
The characteristics section says that histrionics have a 'limited or minimal capability of experiencing love', yet one of the DSM criteria is 'considers relationships to be more intimate than they actually are'. This apparent contradiction should be clarified / corrected in the article. If a histrionic cannot truly love, how is it that she considers someone she first met last week as her dream lover or best friend? Limited capability indicates that they cannot feel strong attachments to anyone, yet more intimate that it actually is suggests quick, strong attachment and connection. Histrionics are prone to becoming depressed when a relationship or friendship ends. If she doesn't feel love or attachment, why is she very upset and depressed when rejected? Histrionics are typically good-looking and have good social skills, so they can easily, quickly find new partners / friends to replace them. They're never going to be alone (unless they want to be, which is unlikely) and they are certainly not in the slightest bit shy or reserved in approaching people they like, so why do they feel so unhappy when someone leaves them? 188.29.4.50 (talk) 12:35, 5 June 2012 (UTC)
 * I agree. The statement in Love is miss-cited - that is to say the sources contradict the statement. It should be removed.93.96.148.42 (talk) 02:55, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I had commented on this claim above, noting that it did not seem correct to me; I found the relevant section of the cited text available online at Personality Disorders: Recognition and Clinical Management on page 75 passim; I can't find any support there for the claim that HPD involves a "minimal capacity for experiencing love", so I'm going to go ahead and delete it. - thanks! - bonze blayk (talk) 06:24, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

Histrionic ability to 'love'
Re: the limited ability of the histrionic to "love". I think you need to look into this from the angle of all the Cluster B disorders showing a marked lack of empathy. While the histrionic might make a quick attachment, they use that attachment for selfish manipulation, then just as quickly lose interest in that attachment. The last sentence in the next to the last paragraph at this link http://www.ulm.edu/~palmer/AntisocialandHistrionicPersonalityDisorders documents the histrionic's quick ability to abandon their own children. The quick forming of attachments have nothing to do with the "love" that a non personality disordered person feels. The histrionic's love is "shallow", fitting in with the criteria of "shallow emotions".

Too many automatically take the term "provacative" to mean sexually provacative. Histrionics are provacative in the sense that they will do things to provoke you to anger, shock, sympathy or some other reaction, all for attention, so you will "watch them." Provacative behavior can lead to bullying, again showing a marked lack of empathy for their target.

The ability to empathize comes from the ability to love. This is why that the limited ability to love correctly describes the histrionic.

As the above link also shows, Histrionic Personality Disorder is thought by some psychiatrists to be the female equivalent of the Anti-Social Personality Disorder (i.e. Sociopath, Psychopath).

If you leave out the discription of reduced ability to love, you remove the key element of "why" this is a serious personality disorder, often with dimensional features, or co-morbid, with other serious personality defects. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Correctdiscern (talk • contribs) 15:13, 14 July 2012 (UTC)

 * The discussion of Histrionic Personality Disorder in the DSM-IV begins with the statement:
 * "The essential feature of Histrionic Personality Disorder is pervasive and excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior."
 * Regarding relationships and "love", the section on "Associated Features and Disorders" begins with
 * "Individuals with Histrionic Personality Disorder may have difficult achieving emotional intimacy in romantic or sexual relationships."
 * I wouldn't see any problem including that; however, "emotional intimacy" and "love" are distinguishably different emotional relationships. E.g., one might love another person, and demonstrate that love through one's behaviors, but not be capable of being open about one's feelings and sharing one's innermost thoughts.
 * Regarding the WP:SPS source you cite, which I've archived here: Antisocial and Histrionic Personality Disorders (source at ), I'm not much impressed, since the first statement begins:
 * "Antisocial personality disorder, also referred to as sociopathy or psychopathy…"
 * I'm not an expert, but some things are crystal clear to me: APD and psychopathy are distinctly different diagnostic constructs - see Psychopathy on the unfortunate confusion between the two.
 * Moreover, the source Palmer is relying on - Sociopathy as an adaptation, Harpending and Sobus 1987 - to link HPD to "female sexual cheating strategies" and thus liken them to the cheating strategies of psychopathic males refers not to HPD, but "Briquet's Hysteria":
 * "Sociopathy in males and hysteria (Briquet's syndrome) in females very closely fit predictions from a model of characteristics of cheaters or nonreciprocators in a complex social system."
 * And Briquet's Hysteria is absolutely not the same thing as HPD.
 * So… I really am not seeing a whole lot of value here in terms of establishing that "histrionics have a limited ability to love", just a mass of confusion between disorders that have (conceptually) different core characteristics, but may on occasion present in similar fashion in behaviors.
 * If you have some WP:RS that make this association, feel free to add it back. I'm thinking that adding the statement I cite from the DSM-IV here would be helpful in noting the nature of the  relationship challenges faced by (some) persons diagnosed with HPD.
 * thanks, - bonze blayk (talk) 03:43, 15 July 2012 (UTC)
 * A histrionic often become very upset and/or depressed when a partner leaves her, a friend ends their friendship or a person to whom she is attracted rejects her. If this is not love, what is it? Is it some other kind of attachment? Does a histrionic care about anyone other than herself? Does she have genuine friendships and reciprocal relationships, or only use people? As she knows she is proficient at using her looks, social skills and charm to quickly start a new relationship, why is it a huge problem for her when one person leaves her life, if she doesn't love anyone? Is this similar to how a narcissist feels about narcissistic supply sources - she has never cared about the person who recently departed her life, but selfishly feels the loss of someone who until recently supplied her with attention, praise, appreciation etc which gave her a sense of self-worth? 188.28.161.81 (talk) 11:33, 24 August 2012 (UTC)

Briquet's Syndrome
Your link to Briquet's Syndrome actually links to Somatization Disorder (also Briquet's Syndrome or Hysteria) and contains an additional link to hysteria.

The hysteria article contains this quote "Many now consider hysteria to be a legacy diagnosis (i.e., a catch-all junk diagnosis),[4] particularly due to its long list of possible manifestations: one Victorian physician cataloged 75 pages of possible symptoms of hysteria and called the list incomplete.[5"  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hysteria

Histrionic personality disorder is the newest term for hysteria. The somatic symptoms are a component of the personality. Thus Briquet's Syndrome or Hysteria or Histrionic Personality disorder are interchangable, depending on context.

From free dictionary.com: Hysteria Definition The term "hysteria" has been in use for over 2,000 years and its definition has become broader and more diffuse over time. In modern psychology and psychiatry, hysteria is a feature of hysterical disorders in which a patient experiences physical symptoms that have a psychological, rather than an organic, cause; and histrionic personality characterized by excessive emotions, dramatics, and attention-seeking behavior'. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hysteriadisorder

Re: histrionic and psychopathy:

"The current edition of the PCL-R officially lists three factors (1.a, 1.b,, and 2.a), which summarize the 20 assessed areas via factor analysis. The previous edition of the PCL-R[5] listed two factors. Factor 1 is labelled "selfish, callous and remorseless use of others". Factor 2 is labelled as "chronically unstable, antisocial and socially deviant lifestyle". There is a high risk of recidivism and currently small likelihood of rehabilitation for those who are labelled as having "psychopathy" on the basis of the PCL-R ratings in the manual for the test, although treatment research is ongoing. PCL-R Factors 1a and 1b are correlated with narcissistic personality disorder and histrionic personality disorder. They are associated with extraversion and positive affect. Factor 1, the so-called core personality traits of psychopathy, may even be beneficial for the psychopath (in terms of nondeviant social functioning)" See Hare_Psychopathy_Checklist

Again, you are seeing more or less interchangeable terminology in regard to anti-social, sociopath, psychopathology depending on the context or author and his or her gut feeling for the words.

(Correctdiscern (talk) 02:12, 20 July 2012 (UTC))

 * Again, feel free to add statements that are supported by Reliable Sources. This is all Original Research, [or Synthesis - bonze blayk (talk) 07:25, 20 July 2012 (UTC)] and that's not adequate for including assertions in a Wikipedia article. - thanks, bonze blayk (talk) 07:21, 20 July 2012 (UTC)

Sounds more like a personality type
cause when you think of it, any personality type outside of the norm (and what's normal anyway, etc) can be cleverly written into some sort of disorder. And I think this one sounds entirely silly and made up. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.69.141.164 (talk) 04:23, 4 April 2013 (UTC)
 * It's real and clearly defined by the APA and the WHO. Some of its characteristics are exaggerations of a normal sexy, chatty extrovert. However, things like the excessive emotionality and the need for a huge amount of praise, compliments, appreciation, admiration and reassurance are not normal. There is a difference between someone who merely has some histrionic tendencies, and the one in a hundred men and one in twenty-five women who have HPD. A histrionic will likely become depressed if she does not recieve a great deal of positive attention from many admirers. She will likely be horrified and upset if she gains weight or develops lines on her face. Jim Michael (talk) 02:19, 28 April 2013 (UTC)

Interactions with family
Lots of talk says avoid these people at all costs. Some talk says avoidance isn't the answer and may, in fact, make the person's behavior worse. Everyone seems to say that talk therapy and, maybe, drug therapy can help.

If the person is a family member rather than a lover, you might not be able to just walk away. If avoidance is actually counter productive, that's not the answer. You cannot control the actions of a family member. You cannot make them seek treatment if they don't see the need for it themselves.

Nothing that I've found gives insight on how to properly interact with a family member that may have this disorder. Does anyone have any such insight? Where can I read about effectively interacting with a such family member? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.132.212.116 (talk) 20:07, 27 July 2013 (UTC)

 * Medication does not help HPD. However, most histrionics also have other mental disorders, some of which can in some cases (eg. mood disorders, ADHD) be controlled with medication. Talking therapy is what works best for HPD, but not group therapy - imagine twenty histrionics in the same room together! However, although histrionics tend to frequently (often too frequently) seek medical treatment for other health problems, they don't tend to seek treatment for their HPD. They are proud of how sexy, charming and popular they are. HPD has significant advantages and they don't want to be ordinary or average. This article, and the other PD articles, need more on how PDs affect the people around them and what the professionals' advice is on how to moderate their behavior. Jim Michael (talk) 13:00, 4 September 2013 (UTC)

Re: recent edits on "History" - HPD does not incorporate somatization in the construct
Additions to the article on Histrionic Personality Disorder linking HPD to historical diagnoses of Hysteria really don't belong here, unless you can find some [[WP:RS] that actually link the two?

Etymology/origin is wrong. Hysteria and histrionic do not have the same Latin root. The former is about the womb (and I am sure there is a whole critique of the non-gender-neutral analysis of this disorder); the latter is about actors. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 154.5.100.129 (talk) 23:51, 21 March 2014 (UTC)

Cf. the DSM-V on HPD, p. 667. I don't believe you can find a single mention of symptoms relating to somatization… which is the core problem underlying any (defensible) diagnoses of Hysteria?

HPD is characterized by "pervasive and excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior"… it's a personality disorder, not a somatization disorder, and the symptoms historically associated with hysteria are now placed under the rubric of Conversion disorder: "Formerly known as "hysteria", the disorder has arguably been known for millennia…"

thanks, bonze blayk (talk) 21:14, 16 December 2013 (UTC)

 * I would argue hysteria was the precursor to HPD, and that this is common knowledge. I have replaced the large amount of sourced material you removed and added a ref attesting to my statement. - CompliantDrone (talk) 03:54, 17 December 2013 (UTC)

 * Indeed, the concept of Hysteria preceded the formulation of the diagnosis of HPD. That's inarguable, but irrelevant, since the current construct applying to the severe symptomatology associated with "hysteria" that made it a "damning diagnosis" is Conversion disorder… which is where I think the bulk of this history properly belongs?

 * So what we now have here is an article devoted less to "Histrionic Personality Disorder" (1,231 words/9,494 characters) than to the "History of the Diagnosis of Hysteria, Which Is No Longer Directly Associated with Histrionic Personality Disorder" (with 754 words/4,828 characters added in a single edit!), since the "History" now appears as the very first section of the article?

 * I think that's a bad idea, and I doubt very much that there are any parallels in other articles on diagnostic labels found in the DSM; cf. the articles on Borderline personality disorder and Antisocial personality disorder. I believe adding some of the history here is a good idea… but don't think it should be permitted to overwhelm the subject of the article?

 * CompliantDrone - I'm not clear on why you think declining to engage in a normal WP:BRD cycle in response to my reversion of what I deemed to be a very Bold edit is appropriate, and preferred to engage in a revert war, but I guess we'll have to take that issue up elsewhere. - bonze blayk (talk) 16:01, 17 December 2013 (UTC)

"I believe adding some of the history here is a good idea… but don't think it should be permitted to overwhelm the subject of the article?" - bonze blayk

This is perfectly reasonable and I agree; I just think there needs to be some historical context in the article. I was not trying to engage in an edit war, I was trying to negate unilateral deletion of content which I felt was too heavy-handed in this instance, however "bold" it may be. Looking in the revision history, this seems to be an ongoing trend for the HPD article, compounded by other editors not using edit summaries. - CompliantDrone (talk) 21:42, 18 December 2013 (UTC)

 * CompliantDrone, I performed a reversion to a fresh edit by a fledgling editor. This is not "deleting" content; I was trying to preserve the context of the article, and point the editor to the article on Conversion disorder, where it would be more appropriate.

 * As it is now, a reader who is naive regarding the nature of an HPD diagnosis is going to believe that it's really pretty much the same thing as "hysteria," when the truth is that it's significantly different. I happen to be anti-deletionist, myself, but think that it's important to have articles sorted out properly so their subjects are coherent?

 * It just so happens that I, personally, have cleared this article of a lot of claims that HPD and hysteria are the same thing. They are not.  People who are not experts come to Wikipedia looking for information on an illness (HPD), and see a lot of material on "hysteria," and before you know it they think their partner (diagnosed solely with HPD) is "not really sick" when in fact she's coming down with MS, or something similar?  Look, this is not beneficial… and neither is it particularly educational, when the reader could just as readily be pointed to an article on somatization or Conversion disorder as a malady that is "sometimes associated with HPD."

 * I've completely given up on editing in trans* article space (see my recusal on my User page), and am just about past the point of exasperation in dealing with the conflictual atmosphere on Wikipedia, where every editor is presumed to be an enemy as opposed to a collegial collaborator. Reversions of new content as a prelude to discussion are supposed to be normal, but you think they are not? "So." - thanks, bonze blayk (talk) 22:22, 18 December 2013 (UTC)

Empathy
What is a histrionic's empathy like? The empathy article does not mention HPD. The ICD has lack of consideration for others as a feature of HPD. Histrionics are self-centred, egocentric and shallow, which seems to suggest a lack of empathy. However, they are very gregarious and typically have good social skills, which would seem to indicate normal empathy. Jim Michael (talk) 19:27, 21 December 2013 (UTC)

Proposed Edit
I wish to contribute to this article by adding a sentence under the heading HPD and antisocial personality disorder under Causes. I am a third year undergraduate psychology student at the University of Florida and in my Abnormal Psychology textbook they discuss research from family studies that were conducted which showed evidence that this disorder tends to cluster in families. The article mentions that there is very little research done on biological or genetic causes of histrionic disorder so I thought this piece of information might contribute to a better understanding of the causes of this disorder. Suecig (talk) 00:23, 6 December 2014 (UTC)

Addition to the subheading "Epidemiology"
I want to contribute a bit of extra information of the epidemiology section, since it is in need of expansion. I'm a first year undergraduate Psychology student at the University of Florida, and there is a peer review article by Disney, Weinstein, and Oltmanns that discusses that people with HPD are more likely to become divorced or separated from their significant others due to their desire to constantly seek attention from others. Now, I have the source material but I just wanted to be entirely sure that this statement would accurately fit within the epidemiology subcategory or if I should search for another subheading to place this information in! (Vhernandez20 (talk) 13:40, 17 April 2015 (UTC))

bad English
Fix this sentence fragment. "One concept labeled as hysterical neurosis (also known as conversion disorder)[31] and the other concept labeled as hysterical character (currently known as histrionic personality disorder).[29] " 100.15.120.122 (talk) 12:39, 27 May 2016 (UTC)

Histrionic vs. hysterical
Under the History section the article states "The history of histrionic personality disorder stems from the word hysteria.[29]" The word roots for 'histrionic' and 'hysterical' are different. Histrionic derives from the Latin word for actor, histrio. Histrionic is derived from hysterikos, the Greek word for womb. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 107.15.172.97 (talk) 00:12, 12 July 2016 (UTC)

Indeed! According to contemporary usage of ill-researched etymologies, the whole history section appeares to be somewhat of a feverdream itself. The hystera (greek for uterus) and the histrio ([from etruskian] latin for a street-actor different from the mute scurrae and mimes) are completely different phenomena. This article copes with histrionic disorders, not with hysteric episodes. --78.52.58.89 (talk) 00:22, 23 February 2018 (UTC)

Female diagnosis rates in opening paragraph
Is this really necessary? This should really be covered (and is already partially covered) in the Epidemiology section. I don't see why this particular point needs to be outlined in the opening paragraph, especially before the general rates in the population? If anyone has a good reason for this I'd like to hear it. 2A01:388:2AD:112:0:0:1:2 (talk) 10:16, 3 February 2018 (UTC)

Attachment theory - attachment disorder consequence
Hi I would like to discuss whether there has been any of you that has made the link between the attachment theory of John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth and Histrionic personality disorder. I know a friend whose girlfriend experienced trauma in her family and has developed attention seeking though the behaviors are somewhat suppressed at this point through personal beliefs. I would love to hear some feedback. Thethinkingaddict (talk) 07:27, 10 September 2020 (UTC)ThethinkingaddictThethinkingaddict (talk) 07:27, 10 September 2020 (UTC)

I suggest deleting this article
Way down in this long, repetitive, biased article, sit the words, "there is no test to confirm this diagnosis." An article like this perpetuates a made up "diagnosis." There is no test to confirm it because it's made up by academic psychiatrists. Juliet Sabine (talk) 06:45, 23 June 2022 (UTC)

History section deleted
The "history" section endlessly and repeatedly conflated HPD and hysteria. If we want to make that claim, it will have to be well-supported. Temerarius (talk) 16:42, 21 August 2022 (UTC)

 * This article https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4585318/#B18 cites P Chodoff, American Journal of Psychiatry, 1974 which concludes mentioning a proposal to the DSM-II to change hysteria to histrionics, in order to avoid some of the issues of the classical diagnosis. The first article acknowledges the difference in etymology discussed elsewhere in this talk page, yet presents some evidence of a diagnostic-wise historical connection between histrionics and hysteria.
 * I am no expert in the field, so I will not make a change. But what happened is I was alerted to this connection, came to Wikipedia to check, found nothing, read the talk page, promoted the view that the connection was none because the etymology was wrong, and was hit on the head by the articles cited. So I think someone in the know should change it appropriately. 189.6.254.62 (talk) 20:39, 17 December 2023 (UTC)

"Dr. Jung says it's ExtrAverted, because ExtrOverted is just bad latin."
intro- a prefix, meaning “inwardly,” “within,” occurring in loanwords from Latin (introspection); occasionally used in the formation of new words (introjection). Dictionary.com

extra- a prefix meaning “outside,” “beyond,” freely used as an English formative: extrajudicial; extraterritorial; extra-atmospheric. Dictionary.com

extro- variant of extra- (used to contrast with intro- ): extrovert. Dictionary.com

So what's the argument here? Ignorant people have misspelled it for a century so one of the world's leading sources of information should misspell it?

Extro is not a word, except as an incorrect way to spell another word. No matter how much @ButterCashier disagrees with this. You may as well disagree with the sky being blue.

As Carlin said: Try to pay attention to the language we all agreed on. To Infinity and suchlike (talk) 12:30, 20 April 2023 (UTC)

Just for butterface I'd like to add this:

“There is a cult of ignorance in the United States, and there has always been. The strain of anti-intellectualism has been a constant thread winding its way through our political and cultural life, nurtured by the false notion that democracy means that 'my ignorance is just as good as your knowledge.” - Isaac Asimov — Preceding unsigned comment added by To Infinity and suchlike (talk • contribs) 12:35, 20 April 2023 (UTC)

Flamboyant appearance
Again those with flamboyant self-expression through appearance, body art, and modifications get targeted by the supposed "professionals" who should be advocating for self-expression, however flamboyant, as an extremely important and healthy part of an individual's personal identity. It's like they’re trying everything they can to keep those who look different in flamboyant ways such as art and ink from being fully accepted in society. Kicking a marginalized group while it's down. We don't even have legal protections against discrimination for our appearances and they’re still considered a mere "choice." So now flamboyant self-expression through appearance is part of the criteria for a disorder? 2601:98A:400:9B60:5DF5:411A:2973:13AA (talk) 23:03, 24 May 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Histrionic personality disorder


text:
Ardbraccan

Ardbraccan (Ard Breacáin) is an ancient place of worship in County Meath, Ireland. It is the location of the former residence of the Roman Catholic, then, after the Reformation, the Church of Ireland Bishop of Meath. it was also a place of prominence in pre-Christian Pagan history  . It is approximately 52 km from Dublin via the M3 Motorway, and 4 km from Navan. Ardbraccan is in a civil parish of the same name.

Origins
The original name for Ardbraccan is said to have been Magh Tortain named after the Uí Tuirtri people of the Oirghalla. The area is said to have maintained strong druidic traditions until St. Brecan converted the local Uí Borthim tribe in the 6th century. It was home to 2 of Ireland's sacred Celtic trees - Bile Tortain and the Mullyfaughan tree. There are many local druid wells in the area, 2 of which were dedicated to St. Ultan of Ardbraccan and St. Brigid after the introduction of Christianity.

The current name of Ardbraccan originates from the Irish placename Ard Breacáin, meaning the heights or hill of ''Breacáin . St. Breacáin (anglacised as Brecan or Braccan'') was the founder of a Christian monastery in the locality. He is thought to have established a monastery on a high mound in the sixth or early seventh century. On this high point, a monastery and a succession of churches were built, each larger than the last to accommodate the growing number of religious worshippers. This included a large circular church known Daimhliag ("stone house").

Ardbraccan is mentioned in Cogad Gaedel re Gallaib as the site of a victory of the Uí Néill over the Vikings sometime in the mid-9th century. However the accuracy of this medieval text is questionable and has been cited as propaganda.

Raids on Ardbraccan
The settlements and churches at Ardbraccan were raided and destroyed many times from at least 866. Known raids include:

 * 886, 940, 949, 992 The area was attacked and plundered by the Danes.
 * 1031 The Abbey was raided and burned down by the Danes of Dublin led by Sitric. It is said that 200 people were sheltering from the raid in the Daimhliag, and perished when the raisers set it alight. A further 200 people were taken into captivity The attack is referenced in The Annals of Tigernach.
 * 1035 Ardbraccan was again attacked by the Danes, which led to Conchobar Ua Máelshechlainn plundering and burning Swords in retaliation'''.
 * 1069 attacked by an army led by Murchad. He is said to have burned down many buildings before receiving being mortally wounded.
 * 1109 attacked by the Uí Briain's of Munster. The Annals of Tigernach note the churches were destroyed and "humans were burned alive and captives taken out of it".
 * 1115 attacked by the Munster men and the Damliag was destroyed once again.
 * 1133
 * 1136 attacked by Dermot MacMurrough and the Danes, including the stealing of cattle.

King John in Ardbraccan
On 29 June 1210, King John of England, Lord of Ireland and his forces met with Cathal Crobhderg, King of Connacht and his men in Ardbraccan before proceeding north to attack the forces of Hugh de Lacy, 1st Earl of Ulster.

The Diocese of Ardbraccan
The early Irish church possessed many bishoprics or dioceses, each presided over by a bishop. For a period, Ardbraccan itself was a diocese, with a large urban centre attached. Under the Synod of Kells in 1152, Ardbraccan was united with the Sees of Clonard, Trim, Dunshaughlin, Slane and Fore, forming with other small dioceses the Diocese of Meath. Its central importance was shown in the fact that the newly merged diocese's bishop lived in Ardbraccan.

From Catholic to Protestant
When, in the aftermath of the crisis over Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Aragon, the Irish Church was ordered to formally break its link with the Roman Catholic Church to become the Church of Ireland. The Anglican or Church of Ireland Bishop of Meath continued to live in Ardbraccan in an estate attached to the main church. In this period, Ardbraccan possessed two churches; St. Mary's (which was located in the Bishop's residence) and St. Ultan's, which was named after a local saint who had lived in St. Braccan's day.

New church
In 1777 a new Church of Ireland church was erected on the site of the earlier church of St. Ultan's. The church, built to a design by Rev. Dr. Daniel Augustus Beaufort, remained in use until 1981 when it was deconsecrated due to the dwindling size of the Church of Ireland community in Ardbraccan. Although in 1868 the Ecclesiastical Commissioners of Ireland recorded that there were 267 members of the Church of Ireland living in Ardbraccan parish, by 1968, their number had dwindled to 10 and it ceased to be used for general worship in 1970. The church was finally offered for sale by the Church of Ireland in 2002. Its cemetery is used for burials by both the local Church of Ireland and Roman Catholic parishes.

Bishop's residence for one thousand years
The Church of Ireland Bishop of Meath moved out of the 18th century bishop's palace in 1885 to live in a smaller mansion nearby, Bishopscourt. In 1958, the Church of Ireland bishop moved away from Ardbraccan altogether, with Bishopscourt being bought by a Catholic religious order, the Holy Ghost Fathers, who renamed it An Tobar (Irish for "The Well", linking it to an ancient well at Ardbraccan associated with St. Ultan). When the old church underwent some vandalism, its valuable stained glass windows were removed by the Church of Ireland and donated to An Tobar.

While the Church of Ireland community used the name 'Ardbraccan' to refer to its parish, the nearby Roman Catholic parish in the 19th century opted to use a different name, Bohermeen, from the Irish An Bóthar Mín, meaning 'the smooth road', referring to a famous stretch of road that two thousand years before had passed through the neighbourhood and went to Tara, the seat of the High Kings of Ireland.

Schools
In 1747 the first Irish Charter School was opened in Ardbraccan. The Charter Schools admitted only Catholics, under the condition that they be educated as Protestants. These schools were intended, in the words of their programme, "to rescue the souls of thousands of poor children from the dangers of Popish superstition and idolatry, and their bodies from the miseries of idleness and beggary." The Ardbraccan school, like the others, focused on training girls for domestic service in the houses of the gentry and aristocracy, while training boys in agriculture and gardening. As with the other schools, the charter school in Ardbraccan failed and eventually closed down.

Ardbraccan stone

Ardbraccan is also famous for its quarries that supplied cut stone for many Irish and British buildings. The most famous building built with Ardbraccan stone is Leinster House, once the Dublin residence of the Duke of Leinster, Ireland's premier peer, and now the seat of the Irish parliament, Oireachtas Éireann. Ardbraccan limestone was also used on the restoration of The Custom House in Dublin after it was burned down by the IRA in 1921.

Notable persons

 * St. Brecan, founded a monastery here.
 * St. Ultan, founded a school and succeeded St. Brecan as the local abbott.
 * Alexander de Balscot, Bishop of Meath, died here 1400.
 * Edmund Oldhall, Bishop of Meath, died here 1459.
 * George Montgomery, Bishop of Meath, buried here 1621.
 * Richard Pococke, English prelate and anthropologist, and briefly Bishop of Meath - buried here 1765.
 * John Cowley, actor, died here 1998.
 * Contested: St. Cuthbert. A Durham Cathedral tradition names Ardbraccan as the potential birthplace of St. Cuthbert (under the name "Hardbrecins"). However this is contested as being the result of confusion St. Colomba of nearby Kells.

title: Ardbraccan


text:
Talk:Haifa

SFN errors
The scripts only spot errors when templates are used. (I have them installed.) I added the template to the erisiting SFNs which reported the error. (I did not add the SFNs and the source cite was already missing.) I did not find the appropriate source cite searching Wikipedia articles. I noted this in the edit comment. Yes, this added another article to 9,500+ articles with a no-tartget error. However, it did accomplish my goal: error was fixed. User-duck (talk) 01:29, 30 August 2023 (UTC)

Mount Carmel reference
Mount Carmel should be directly linked to in the first section of the page on Haifa, quite obviously! And the rest of the mentions of it on the page should likewise be links. A quality of life thing, but also to reflect its relative importance to the city in so many ways. Arrrmand (talk) 15:11, 16 October 2023 (UTC)

 * MOS advises against linking every instance (MOS:DUPLINK), but you're certainly right it should be linked in the first section, and I added a couple of links in prominent locations following that. CMD (talk) 02:11, 17 October 2023 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 9 February 2024
Please change

to

/

to reflect the actual pronunciations. SuzieMillen (talk) 05:17, 9 February 2024 (UTC)

 * In general it's pronounced [ˈχajfa] in Hebrew also. Listen to this on the Israeli government's tourism channel: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eWvp4zS6zzE GordonGlottal (talk) 15:27, 9 February 2024 (UTC)

✅ Thank you for your contribution to Wikipedia! (talk | contribs) 00:14, 7 April 2024 (UTC)

Please update name of mayor
Yona Yahav has been elected mayor of Haifa in recent elections. DeeTsameret (talk) 12:49, 21 March 2024 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 26 March 2024
Need to add a sports to the sports section in the Haifa Article. The sports team is the rugby team Wild Boars which is part of Maccabi Haifa. It has the following wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa_Wild_Boars. Goldiceberg (talk) 11:19, 26 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Also please note: Wikipedia articles are not able to be used as sources per WP:CIRC. Shadow311 (talk) 15:08, 2 April 2024 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 9 June 2024
In Demographics > Religious and Ethnic Communities - "(of which 20% are Ahmadis)" should be removed as it is not claimed in the citation nor is the citation reliable. MachangZee (talk) 03:58, 9 June 2024 (UTC)
 * ✅ M.Bitton (talk) 01:02, 11 June 2024 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 13 June 2024
Under "notable people," please add in alpha order:

 * Adam Maraana (born 2003), swimmer — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2603:7000:2101:AA00:E9A0:8637:BE9D:BB0E (talk) 12:00, 9 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Shem-Tov Sabag (born 1959), Olympic marathoner
 * Shachar Sagiv (born 1994), Olympic triathlete

2603:7000:2101:AA00:900D:526B:7A29:78AD (talk) 02:21, 14 June 2024 (UTC)
 * ✅ Left guide (talk) 10:17, 18 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Haifa


text:
Fedayeen

Fedayeen (فِدائيّين fidāʼīyīn "self-sacrificers") is an Arabic term used to refer to various military groups willing to sacrifice themselves for a larger campaign.

Etymology
The term fedayi is derived from Arabic: فدائيون fidā'īyūn, literally meaning: "those who sacrifice themselves".

Order of Assassins
Hassan-i-Sabbah (c. 1050–1124), who founded the Order of Assassins in Persia and Syria, used the term to refer to his fanatical devotees. Fidāʼīyīn is the plural of fidāʼī, which means "sacrifice." It is widely understood as "those willing to sacrifice themselves for God".

Armenia
Fedayi also known as the Armenian irregular units or Armenian militia, were Armenian civilians who voluntarily left their families to form self-defense units in reaction to the mass murder of Armenians and the pillage of Armenian villages by criminals, Turkish and Kurdish gangs, Ottoman forces, and Hamidian guards between the 19th and early 20th centuries. Their ultimate goal was to gain Armenian autonomy (Armenakans) or independence (Dashnaks, Hunchaks) depending on their ideology. Some of the key Fedayi figures also participated in the Iranian Constitutional Revolution that commenced during the same period, upon agreement of the ARF leaders.

At the onset of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, Armenians of Artsakh began forming small detachments of volunteers and often self-described themselves as Fedayeen, inheriting the name of the fighters who actively resisted the Ottoman Empire in the final decades of the nineteenth and early decades of the twentieth centuries. The Fedayeen during this period worked against attempts by the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) and OMON units of the Azerbaijan SSR to ethnically cleanse the region of Armenians.

The term has also been used to refer to members of the Armenian militant group ASALA.

Ottoman Empire and Turkey
The Committee of Union and Progress conducted assassination campaigns and called its assassins "fedai", which originated from "feda," deriving from the first letters of "filiyas elenikis desmos anton" meaning "this is the tie of Greek friendship". However, "feda" also means sacrifice in Turkish, representing the term's evolution which came to represent those who swore allegiance to CUP. Within the context of Turkish history, the term fedailer is often associated with the Late Ottoman or Early Republican irregular forces, known as: Kuva-yi Milliye. Those most committed Unionists who would enforce the Central Committee's regime were also known as fedailer.

Egypt
During the 1940s, groups of Egyptian civilians formed fedayeen groups to contest the British occupation of Egypt, which by then was limited to the region against the Suez Canal. British forces had established numerous military outposts around the canal zone, which many Egyptians viewed as a violation of their national sovereignty. This opposition was not supported by the Egyptian government, though these fedayeen groups held broad support among the general public in Egypt.

In 1951 "mobs of "irregular self-sacrificers, or fedayeen", some "armed by the Muslim Brotherhood", attacked British military outposts located in the Suez Canal Zone.

Eritrea
Known by the same name, they operated inside the capital city, Asmara, during the last 15–20 years of the armed struggle in Eritrea against the Ethiopian government. They operated secretly and eliminated people who were considered dangerous to the struggle to gain Eritrean independence, which lasted from 1961 to 1991.

Iran
Two very different groups used the name Fedayeen in recent Iranian history. The Fadayan-e Islam has been described as "one of the first real Islamic fundamentalist organizations in the Muslim world". It was founded by Navab Safavi in 1946 for the purpose of demanding strict application of the sharia and assassinating those it believed to be apostates and enemies of Islam. After several successful assassinations it was suppressed in 1956 and several leading members were executed.

A Marxist-leaning activist group known as the Fedayeen (Fedayân in Persian language) was founded in 1971 and based in Tehran. Operating between 1971 and 1983, the Fedayeen carried out a number of political assassinations in the course of the struggle against the Shah of Iran, after which the group was suppressed.

In 1979 the Iranian People's Fedâi Guerrillas split from the Organization of Iranian People's Fedaian (Majority).

Iraq
Beginning in 1995, Iraq established a paramilitary group known as the Fedayeen Saddam, loyal to the Ba'athist Iraqi government of Saddam Hussein. The name was chosen to imply a connection with the Palestinian Fedayeen. In July 2003, personnel records for the Fedayeen organization in Iraq were discovered in the basement of the former Fedayeen headquarters in east Baghdad near the Rasheed Air Base. At the time of the discovery, the Assyrian Democratic Movement occupied the building; after an extensive cataloging process, an operation was conducted in Baghdad resulting in several individuals being detained.

Palestinians

Palestinian fedayeen are militants of a nationalist orientation from among the Palestinian people. The fedayeen made efforts to infiltrate territory in Israel in order to strike military as well as civilian   targets in the aftermath of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.

Members of these groups were living in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank or in neighboring Lebanon and Syria. Prior to Israel's seizure of the West Bank and Gaza Strip in the Six-Day War, these areas, originally destined for a Palestinian state, were under Jordanian and Egyptian occupation, respectively. After Israel's Operation Black Arrow in 1955, the Palestinian fedayeen were incorporated into an Egyptian army unit.

During this time (1948 – c. 1980), the word entered international usage and was frequently used in the Arab media as a synonym for great militancy. In the Israeli Hebrew press of this time the term ( fada'iun) had highly negative connotations and was associated with terrorism. Since the mid-1960s and the rise of more organized and specific militant groups, such as the Palestine Liberation Organization, the word has fallen out of usage, but not in the historical context.

Explanatory notes
Derives from the word فداء fidāʼ, which means redemption. Literally, someone who redeems himself by risking or sacrificing his life. The pronunciation varies for the first vowel, for example, hence the transcription difference.

title: Fedayeen