text:
Dating game show

Dating game shows are game shows that incorporates a variety of matchmaking systems and services in the form of a game with clear rules. Human matchmaking is involved only in selecting the game's contestants, who are usually selected more for the amusement value than any concern for their happiness or compatibility. The audience sees only the game; an important feature of all dating game shows is that the contestants have little or no previous knowledge of each other, and are exposed to each other only through the game, which may include viewing a photograph or at least knowing the basic criteria for participation (typically participants are not already married).

There have been a number of dating shows aired on television over the years, using a variety of formats and rules. They are presented for the entertainment of the viewers. As the genre progressed, the format developed towards a reality-style show and more into a relationship show than simply finding a mate.

History
The dating game show subgenre has its origins in the United States. The original dating game shows were introduced by television producer and game show creator Chuck Barris. The format of Barris's first dating show, The Dating Game, which premiered in 1965, saw a bachelor or bachelorette ask questions of three singles seen only by the audience. The various suitors were able to describe their rivals in uncomplimentary ways, which made the show work well as a general devolution of dignity. Some of the questions were written to elicit humorous or suggestive answers. Another Barris show, The Newlywed Game, featured recently-married couples competing to answer questions about each other's preferences. The couple who knew each other the best would win the game; sometimes others got divorced. Once, someone divorced after appearing on The Newlywed Game got a "second chance" on The Dating Game. Gimmicks were the lifeblood of all such shows, which drew criticisms for instigating disaffection that could not have been effected.

The genre waned for a while but it was later revived by The New Dating Game and the UK version Blind Date, and the original shows were popular in reruns, unusual for any game show. Cable television revived some interest in these shows during the 1980s and 1990s, and eventually new shows began to be made along the old concepts. Variations featuring LGBT contestants began to appear on a few specialty channels.

Other shows focused on the conventional blind date, where two people were set up and then captured on video, sometimes with comments or subtitles that made fun of their dating behaviour. He Said, She Said focused not on setting up the date, but on comparing the couple's different impressions afterwards, and for their cooperation offering to fund a second date. These resembled the reality shows that began to emerge at about the same time in the 1990s.

The increased popularity of reality television since the early 2000s has influenced new types of dating shows, where the emphasis is on realistic actions and tensions, but use less realistic scenarios than the traditional blind date:
 * The Bachelor (2002) and The Bachlorette (2003), where a single man or woman partakes in activities with a larger group of single contestants, eliminating them over the course of the season until one remains.
 * The Fifth Wheel (2001), in which four people, two of one sex and two of another, are allowed to meet and bond to an extent, before a "fifth wheel," a person of one of either gender, but always a heterosexual, enters and attempts to break up the equilibrium.
 * Joe Millionaire (2003), a series satirizing the genre, where a group of women competed to become the bride of a bachelor billed as being a millionaire. However, the bachelor was actually a blue collar worker who wasn't a millionaire. If the last remaining woman still accepted his love despite the stunt, they also shared a grand prize of $1 million. A 2022 revival employed two bachelors, with one being a millionaire, but their identity was not revealed.
 * Are You the One? (2014), a series where a group of singles attempt to deduce the "perfect matches" determined by producers for a chance to split a cash prize among themselves.
 * Love Island (2015), a series where a group of male and female singles are isolated at a villa in a vacation setting, attempting to form couples while also competing in challenges to earn advantages and the opportunity to go on dates. Couples may also face elimination via viewer vote
 * Temptation Island (2001), where long-standing heterosexual couples were deliberately separated and made to watch each other's mates interacting romantically on and after dates, making extensive use of video—the only means by which they could communicate on the island.
 * Who Wants to Marry a Multi-Millionaire? (2000) a one-off special with a beauty pageant-like contest to become the bride of a single man, billed as a having a net worth of at least $1 million, whose identity was not revealed until the conclusion of the competition.

Alongside these reality competitions, there were also other new studio-based formats for dating shows. The 2008 Australian series Taken Out, which was exported internationally to other countries under the title Take Me Out, featured bachelors discussing aspects of their personality and interests with a large pool of singles. The singles could press a button on their podium to eliminate themselves from contention if they were no longer interested in the bachelor, with the game ending once there are none remaining.

GSN's Baggage (2010) featured singles presenting personal details about themselves (their "baggage", which are presented in briefcases reminiscent of the game show Deal or No Deal, and are often of a shocking and/or embarrassing nature) to a bachelor or bachelorette. At the end of each episode, the bachelor or bachelorette must present "baggage" of their own to their chosen suitor, who then chooses whether to accept or decline their offer of a date.

Commonalities
Some common threads run through these shows. When participants are removed, it is usually done one at a time to drag out the action and get audience sympathy for specific players. In shows involving couples, there is a substantial incentive to break up any of the existing relationships. In shows involving singles, there is a mismatch of numbers ensuring constant competition. This creates the action, tension and humiliation when someone is rejected. There are also reports of mercenary practice, that is, members of one sex paid to participate in the game to attain balance of sex ratio.

Modern innovations
By the late 1990s and early 2000s, a new wave of dating shows began airing in U.S. syndication that were more sexually suggestive than their earlier counterparts, including shows such as Blind Date, Elimidate and The 5th Wheel, which often pushed boundaries of sexual content allowed on broadcast television. As the 2000s progressed, the ratings for many of these shows began to decline, a situation exacerbated by the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy in 2004 as production companies out of fear of being imposed with monetary penalties by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for indecent content began self-censoring their dating shows (and many syndicated programs targeted at the 18-49 demographic, in general) to levels in which even profanities typically permissible on television were edited out of episodes.

Since then, the game show has virtually died off from television syndication, though cable television networks such as VH1 have continued to air dating shows with content similar to that of the syndicated dating shows of the late 1990s and early 2000s and major over-the-air broadcast networks have tried, often with marginal success, to use dating shows that are less risque compared to those shows. Attempts to revive the dating show in syndication first came in 2011, when Excused and Who Wants to Date a Comedian? both debuted; this was followed in 2012 by NBCUniversal Television Distribution's sale of reruns of the Game Show Network series Baggage into syndication. All three shows were dropped in September 2013, removing the genre from broadcast syndication for a time. In July 2014, VH1 aired Dating Naked, modeled on Dutch show Adam Zkt. Eva, which matches up heterosexual contestants who are nude most of the time.

A popular dating variant of the talk show involved inviting secret admirers to meet on stage. On an episode of The Jenny Jones Show, a gay secret admirer publicly revealed his crush on a straight acquaintance; three days after the episode's taping, the acquaintance murdered the secret admirer, in which he claimed humiliation over the revelation of a same-sex crush. The secret admirer variant of the talk show has remained popular, it continued be used on Oprah, but with less emotionally loaded surprises, and much more careful checking of the guests' backgrounds and attitudes; occasional episodes of Maury combine this format, though not always in a direct manner, with reveals of high school classmates who were considered to be unattractive as teenagers reuniting with their former school friends or tormentors as adults, after changing their image to become more physically attractive.

Criticism
Like other games, the outcomes of these activities are open to rigging, leading to missed matches and possibly unhappiness among the participants. These programs have also been criticised for complicating courtship with needless public expectation. In spite of this, some programs have produced episodes that portray follow-ups of unions forged therein, possibly with offspring.

Partial list of dating game shows

 * The 5th Wheel
 * 12 Corazones
 * Are You the One?
 * Average Joe
 * Baggage (US)
 * Baggage (UK)
 * The Bachelor
 * The Bachelorette
 * Beauty and the Geek
 * Blind Date (UK)
 * Blind Date (U.S.)
 * Boy Meets Boy
 * Bzzz!
 * Chains of Love
 * Change of Heart
 * The Choice
 * Daisy of Love
 * Date My Ex: Jo & Slade
 * Date My Mom
 * Dating in the Dark
 * Dating Game
 * Dating Naked
 * A Double Shot at Love
 * Dismissed
 * Elimidate
 * Excused
 * Exposed
 * EX-treme Dating
 * Fei Cheng Wu Rao
 * Flavor of Love
 * For Love or Money
 * For the Love of Ray J
 * Frank the Entertainer in a Basement Affair
 * He Said, She Said
 * I Kissed a Boy
 * I Love New York
 * Joe Millionaire
 * Love Connection
 * Love Games: Bad Girls Need Love Too
 * The Love Machine
 * Love on a Saturday Night
 * Love Triangle
 * Matchmaker
 * The Match Off
 * Megan Wants a Millionaire
 * MILF Manor
 * Momma's Boys
 * Must Love Kids
 * Perfect Match
 * Naked Attraction
 * Next
 * Outback Jack
 * Paradise Hotel
 * Ready for Love*
 * Real Chance of Love
 * The Real Love Boat
 * Rendez-View
 * Rock of Love with Bret Michaels
 * Sexy Beasts
 * A Shot at Love with Tila Tequila
 * Shipmates
 * Singled Out
 * Studs
 * Susan's The Courtship
 * Take Me Out
 * Taken Out
 * Temptation Island
 * The Destined One
 * That's Amore!
 * Who Wants to Marry a Multi-Millionaire?
 * The X Effect
 * It's Showtime! segment, "KapareWho"
 * It's Showtime! segment, "Nasaan Ka, Mr. Pastillas?"

title: Dating game show


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1881 in music

This article is about music-related events in 1881.

Specific locations

 * 1881 in Norwegian music

Events

 * March 23 – A fire caused by a gas explosion destroys the Opéra de Nice in the south of France with fatalities.
 * February 10 – Offenbach's Tales of Hoffmann debuts in Paris
 * June 11 – The National Theatre (Prague) receives a royal opening with the premiere of Smetana's opera Libuše (written 1871–72); however, a subsequent fire delays public opening for a further 2 years, when the same work reinaugurates the theatre
 * September 3 – Anton Bruckner completes his 6th Symphony
 * November 9 – Johannes Brahms' Piano Concerto No. 2 is given its public premiere in Budapest
 * December 4 – Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's Violin Concerto is premiered in Vienna

Bands formed

 * Brighouse and Rastrick Brass Band

Published popular music

 * "Good Bye!" by Francesco Paolo Tosti
 * "My Bonnie Lies over the Ocean"
 * "Slowly and Sadly" (President Garfield Memorial Tribute)" by Arabella M. Root

Classical music

 * Victor Bendix – Symphony No. 1 in C op. 16 Mountain Climbing
 * Alexander Borodin – String Quartet No. 2 in D
 * Johannes Brahms
 * Tragic Overture op. 81 revised; Nänie op. 82
 * Piano Concerto No. 2 Op. 83
 * Max Bruch – Kol Nidre for cello and orchestra finished
 * Anton Bruckner – Symphony No. 6 (Bruckner)
 * Emmanuel Chabrier – Pièces pittoresques for piano
 * Ernest Chausson – Piano Trio in G minor, op. 3
 * Gabriel Fauré & André Messager – Messe des pêcheurs de Villerville
 * César Franck – Rébecca (oratorio)
 * Robert Fuchs – Cello Sonata No.1, Op.29
 * Franz Liszt – Nuages Gris
 * Giuseppe Martucci – Fantasia for piano op. 51
 * Camille Saint-Saëns – Hymne à Victor Hugo
 * Eduard Strauss
 * Glockensignale, Op.198
 * Schleier und Krone, Op.200
 * Richard Strauss
 * String Quartet in A major, Op.2
 * 5 Klavierstücke, Op.3
 * Cello Sonata, Op.6
 * Charles-Marie Widor – First Sonata for Piano and Violin op. 50
 * Bernard Zweers – Symphony No. 1 in D major
 * Władysław Żeleński – 2 Mazurkas, Op.31

Opera

 * Johann Strauss Jr. – Der lustige Krieg, premiered November 24 in Vienna
 * Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky – The Maid of Orleans
 * Giuseppe Verdi – Simon Boccanegra, revised version of the 21st Verdi opera premieres at La Scala in Milan

Musical theater

 * The Tales of Hoffmann (Les contes d'Hoffmann; Jacques Offenbach) – Paris production opened at the Opéra-Comique on February 10
 * The Mascot (translation of Edmond Audran's La Mascotte) – Broadway production opened at the Bijou Theatre (Manhattan) on May 5
 * Patience (Gilbert and Sullivan) – London production opened at the Opera Comique on April 23 and transferred to the new Savoy Theatre on October 10 for a total run of 578 performances

Births

 * January 4 – Nikolai Roslavets, Ukrainian composer (d. 1944)
 * February 6 – Karl Weigl, Austrian composer (d. 1949)
 * February 12 – Anna Pavlova, Russian ballerina and actress (d. 1931)
 * February 21 – Kenneth J. Alford, English band composer (d. 1945)
 * March 10 – Frank Mullings, English tenor (d. 1953)
 * March 16 – Fannie Charles Dillon, American composer (d. 1947)
 * March 18 – Paul Le Flem, French composer (d. 1984)
 * March 23 – Egon Petri, Dutch-born pianist (d. 1962)
 * March 25 – Béla Bartók, Hungarian composer (d. 1945)
 * April 15 – David Thomas, Welsh composer (d. 1928)
 * April 17 – Anton Wildgans, lyricist and playwright (died 1942)
 * April 20 – Nikolai Myaskovsky, Polish-born Russian composer and teacher (d. 1950)
 * May 11 – Jan van Gilse, Dutch composer (d. 1944)
 * May 29 – Frederick Septimus Kelly, Australian-born musician (k. 1916)
 * July 6 – Nancy Dalberg, Danish composer (d. 1949)
 * August 15 – Ted Snyder, American composer and music publisher (d. 1965)
 * August 18 – Hermann Zilcher, German composer (died 1948)
 * August 19 – George Enescu, Romanian composer (d. 1955)
 * August 29 – Edvin Kallstenius, Swedish composer (d. 1967)
 * November 22 – Ethel Levey, American singer, dancer and actress (d. 1955)
 * November 28 – Stefan Zweig, Austrian librettist of Richard Strauss's Die schweigsame Frau (suicide 1942)
 * December 3 – Henry Fillmore, American band composer (d. 1956)
 * December 24 – Charles Wakefield Cadman, American composer and songwriter (d. 1946)

Deaths

 * January 30 – Jacques-Nicolas Lemmens, Belgian, organist and composer, 58
 * March 13 – Sophie Daguin, ballerina and choreographer, 79
 * March 23 – Nikolai Rubinstein, pianist and composer, 45
 * March 28 – Modest Mussorgsky, composer, 42 (alcohol-related)
 * June 5 – Franjo Krežma, violinist and composer, 18 (tuberculosis)
 * June 6 – Henri Vieuxtemps, composer, 61
 * June 7 – Marie Gabriel Augustin Savard, music teacher and composer, 66
 * July 3 – Achille De Bassini, operatic baritone, 62
 * September 7 – Sidney Lanier, poet and flautist, 39 (tuberculosis)
 * October 9 – Richard Wüerst, composer and music teacher, 57
 * November 25 – Theobald Boehm, inventor of the modern flute, 87
 * December 17 – Giulio Briccialdi, composer, 63
 * December 30 – Corrado Miraglia, opera singer, 60
 * date unknown – Francisco de Sá Noronha, violinist and composer (b. 1820)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 1881 in music


text:
1882 in music

Events in the year 1882 in music.

Specific locations

 * 1882 in Norwegian music

Events

 * January – Richard Wagner completes his opera Parsifal
 * July 26 – Wagner's Parsifal is premièred at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus under the baton of Hermann Levi with the tenor Hermann Winkelmann in the title rôle and Engelbert Humperdinck assisting in the production
 * August 8–20 – Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture is premièred in a tent near the (at this time) unfinished Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow under the baton of Ippolit Al'tani
 * Gustav Mahler is employed at Olomouc
 * Richard Strauss enters Munich University

Published popular music

 * "Baa! Baa! Baa!" (w. Walter Greenaway m. Vincent Davies)
 * "The Band Quartette" by Charles A. White
 * "Bow, Bow, Ye Lower Middle Classes" (w. W. S. Gilbert m. Arthur Sullivan)
 * "Goodbye, My Lover, Goodbye" (trad Eng)
 * "In My Fust 'Usband's Time" (w.m. Harry Nicholls)
 * "The Old Miser" by Charles A. White
 * Les Patineurs (waltz) ("The Skaters' Waltz") (m. Emile Waldteufel)
 * "Sweet Violets" by Joseph Emmet
 * "Up Went The Price" (w.m. George Ware)
 * From the score of Iolanthe:
 * "I'm Very Much Pained" (w. W. S. Gilbert m. Arthur Sullivan)
 * "Loudly Let The Trumpets Bray" (w. W. S. Gilbert m. Arthur Sullivan)
 * "The Nightmare Song" (w. W. S. Gilbert m. Arthur Sullivan)
 * "None Shall Part Us" (w. W. S. Gilbert m. Arthur Sullivan)
 * "Oh, Foolish Fay" (w. W. S. Gilbert m. Arthur Sullivan)
 * "Tho' P'raps I May Incur Your Blame" (w. W. S. Gilbert m. Arthur Sullivan)
 * "Though The Views Of The House Have Diverged" (w. W. S. Gilbert m. Arthur Sullivan)
 * "Tripping Hither, Tripping Thither" (w. W. S. Gilbert m. Arthur Sullivan)
 * "Welcome To Our Hearts Again" (w. W. S. Gilbert m. Arthur Sullivan)
 * "When All Night Long A Chap Remains" (w. W. S. Gilbert m. Arthur Sullivan)
 * "When Britain Really Ruled The Waves" (w. W. S. Gilbert m. Arthur Sullivan)
 * "When I Went To The Bar" (w. W. S. Gilbert m. Arthur Sullivan)

Classical music

 * Alexander Glazunov – String Quartet No. 1
 * Charles Gounod – The Redemption (oratorio)
 * Hans Huber – Symphony no. 1 "Wilhelm Tell"
 * Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov – Yar-khmel (Spring Overture)
 * Camille Saint-Saëns – Deux chœurs, for mixed chorus with piano ad libitum
 * Pablo de Sarasate – Spanish Dances for violin and piano, Book IV
 * Bedřich Smetana – String Quartet no. 2
 * Johann Strauss – Voices of Spring
 * Sergey Tanyenev – Overture on a Russian Theme

Opera

 * Friedrich Lux – Der Schmied von Ruhla, Stadtheater, Mainz, 28 March
 * Adolf Neuendorff – Don Quixote
 * Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov – The Snow Maiden, Mariinsky Theatre, Saint Petersburg, 29 January 1882 (OS; 10 February NS)
 * Camille Saint-Saëns – Henry VIII
 * Richard Wagner – Parsifal, Bayreuth Festspielhaus, 26 July

Musical theater

 * Der Bettelstudent (The Beggar Student), Vienna production
 * The Grand Mogul, Broadway production
 * Iolanthe (Music: Sir Arthur Sullivan Book and Lyrics: W. S. Gilbert); London production opened at the Savoy Theatre on November 25 and ran for 398 performances
 * Iolanthe, Broadway production opened at the Standard Theatre on December 1
 * The Queen's Lace Handkerchief, Broadway production opened at the Casino Theatre on October 21 and ran for 571 performances
 * The Smugglers (musical), Broadway production

Births

 * January 15 – Henry Burr, popular tenor, prolific early recording artist (d. 1941)
 * February 11
 * Gheorghe Cucu composer (d. 1932)
 * Joe Jordan, musician and composer (d. 1971)
 * February 17 – Kurt Schindler, composer (died 1935)
 * February 28 – Geraldine Farrar, operatic soprano (d. 1967)
 * March 5 – Pauline Donalda, operatic soprano (d. 1970)
 * March 18 – Gian Francesco Malipiero, composer and musicologist (d. 1973)
 * March 24 – Gino Marinuzzi, conductor and composer (d. 1945)
 * April 4 – Mary Howe, composer and pianist (d. 1964)
 * April 17 – Artur Schnabel, pianist (d. 1951)
 * April 18 – Leopold Stokowski, conductor (d. 1977)
 * April 23 – Albert Coates, conductor and composer (d. 1953)
 * April 24 – Albert Valsien, conductor and composer (d. 1955)
 * May 6 – Georgi Atanasov, composer (d. 1931)
 * May 11 – Joseph Marx, composer and critic (d. 1964)
 * May 12 – Kyrylo Stetsenko, conductor, composer, critic and teacher (d. 1922)
 * June 4 – Erwin Lendvai, composer and choral conductor (d. 1949)
 * June 17 – Igor Stravinsky, composer (d. 1971)
 * July 8 – Percy Grainger, composer (d. 1961)
 * July 28 – Pavel Lamm, musicologist (d. 1951)
 * August 13 – Georges Jean-Aubry, lyricist (died 1950)
 * August 15 – Marion Bauer, composer (d. 1955)
 * August 18 – Marcel Samuel-Rousseau, composer, organist and opera director (d. 1955)
 * September 6 – John Powell, composer, pianist and ethnomusicologist (d. 1963)
 * October 6 – Karol Szymanowski, pianist and composer (d. 1937)
 * November 3 – G. H. Elliott, blackface music hall singer (d. 1962)
 * November 10 – Rudi Gfaller, Austrian operetta singer and composer (d. 1972)
 * December 8 – Manuel María Ponce, composer and music teacher (d. 1948)
 * December 9 – Joaquín Turina, composer (d. 1949)
 * December 16 – Zoltán Kodály, composer (d. 1967)

Deaths

 * February 3 – Guglielmo Quarenghi, composer (b. 1826)
 * February 12 – Madame Céleste, dancer (b. 1815)
 * February 16 – Julián Arcas, guitarist and composer (b. 1832)
 * February 20 – Louis Adolphe le Doulcet, comte de Pontécoulant, soldier and musicologist (b. 1794)
 * February 22 – Harriett Everard, singer and actress (b. 1844)
 * February 27 – Alfred Jaëll, pianist (b. 1832)
 * March 1 – Theodor Kullak, pianist and composer (b. 1818)
 * March 16 – Mariia Surovshchikova-Petipa, ballerina (b. 1836)
 * April 3 – Friedrich Wilhelm Kücken, composer and conductor (b. 1810)
 * June 24 (or 25) – Joachim Raff, composer (b. 1822)
 * June 28 – James Turle, organist and composer (b. 1802)
 * July – John Zundel, organist, composer and arranger (b. 1815)
 * July 4 – Joseph Brackett, songwriter (b. 1797)
 * July 12 – Alfred Pease, composer and pianist (b. 1838)
 * September 16 – Theodore Eisfeld, conductor (b. 1816)
 * October 3 – Adelaide Phillips, contralto singer (b. 1833)
 * October 22 – Oskar Ahnfelt, composer of hymn-tunes (b. 1813)
 * October 27 – Adolphe Gutmann, composer (b. 1819)
 * October 29 – Gustav Nottebohm, composer and music editor (b. 1817)
 * November 2 – Cenobio Paniagua, composer (b. 1821)
 * November 18 – Aleksander Mirecki, marischal and violinist (b. 1809)
 * November 20 – Kéler Béla, composer and conductor (b. 1820)
 * December 29 – Josabeth Sjöberg, painter and music teacher (b. 1812)
 * date unknown
 * Edward Mack, composer (b. 1826)
 * Konstantin Vilboa, composer (b. 1817)

title: 1882 in music


text:
1883 in music

Events in the year 1883 in music.

Specific locations

 * 1883 in Norwegian music

Events

 * October 22 – Opening of the first Metropolitan Opera House.
 * Friedrich Kiel is involved in a traffic accident from which he never completely recovered.
 * The Gretsch Company, manufacturers of drums, banjos and guitars, opens in Brooklyn, N.Y.

Published popular music

 * "A Boy's Best Friend Is His Mother" w. Henry Miller m. Joseph P. Skelly
 * "The Farmer in the Dell" trad
 * "I Know Whom I Have Believed" w. Daniel W. Whittle m. James McGranahan
 * "La golondrina" m. Narciso Serradell Sevilla
 * "Polly Wolly Doodle (All The Day)" trad
 * "Ring Dem Heavenly Bells" by Sam Lucas
 * "She Does the Fandango All Over the Place" w.m. G. W. Hunt
 * "There Is a Tavern in the Town" anon
 * "Transit of Venus March" m. John Philip Sousa
 * "Must we leave the old home, mother?" w. by Arthur W. French, m. by William A Huntley

Classical music

 * Isaac Albéniz – Barcarola for piano No. 1
 * Anton Arensky
 * Piano Concerto in F minor, Op. 2
 * Symphony No. 1 in B minor
 * Johannes Brahms – Symphony No. 3
 * Emmanuel Chabrier – España, rapsodie pour orchestre
 * George Whitefield Chadwick – Thalia (concert overture)
 * Antonín Dvořák
 * Piano Trio No. 3, Op. 65 (B. 130)
 * Scherzo capriccioso, Op. 66 (B. 131)
 * Hussite Overture, Op. 67 (B. 132)
 * Cesar Franck – Le chasseur maudit
 * Benjamin Godard – Piano Trio No.2, Op.72
 * Charles Gounod – The Redemption (oratorio)
 * Augusta Mary Ann Holmès – Pologne
 * Hans Huber – Piano Trio No.2, Op.65
 * Franz Liszt – La lugubre gondola (possible date of early version)
 * Emilie Mayer – Notturno, Op.48
 * Max Meyer-Olbersleben – Fantaisie-Sonate, Op.17
 * David Popper – Im Walde Suite, Op.50
 * Pablo de Sarasate – Carmen Fantasy
 * Sergei Taneyev – Canzona for Clarinet and Strings in F minor
 * Emil Waldteufel –Estudiantina

Opera

 * Alfredo Catalani – Dejanice
 * César Cui – Prisoner of the Caucasus
 * Charles-Édouard Lefebvre – Le Trésor premiered in Angers
 * Miguel Marqués – La cruz de fuego
 * Karel Miry – De kleine patriot (opera in 4 acts, libretto by J. Hoste, premiered on December 23 in Brussels)

Musical theater

 * Cordelia's Aspirations (Edward Harrigan & David Braham) Broadway production opened at the New Theatre Comique on November 5 and ran for 176 performances
 * Johann Strauss II – Eine Nacht in Venedig (A Night In Venice) Berlin and Vienna productions

Births

 * January 1 – Floy Little Bartlett, American composer (d. 1956)
 * January 30 – Peeter Süda, Estonian organist and composer (d. 1920)
 * February 11 – Paul von Klenau, Danish-born composer (d. 1946)
 * March 10 – Maria Barrientos, Spanish operatic soprano (d. 1946)
 * March 15 - Ford Dabney, American composer and vaudevillian (d. 1953)
 * March 16 – Ernie Hare, U.S. bass/baritone (d. 1939)
 * March 19 – Josef Matthias Hauer, Austrian composer and theorist (d. 1959)
 * March 21 – Jules Van Nuffel, Belgian composer and choir conductor (d. 1953)
 * March 27 – Dimitrios Semsis, Greek violinist (d. 1950)
 * March 28 – William Henry Harris, English organist, choral trainer and composer (d. 1973)
 * April 1 – Malcolm McEachern, Australian-born concert bass singer (d. 1945)
 * April 6 – Vernon Dalhart, U.S. singer
 * April 13 (O.S. April 1) – Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov, Russian Soviet composer
 * May 4 – Nikolai Malko, Ukrainian conductor
 * May 5 – Petar Konjović, composer (d. 1970)
 * May 28
 * George Dyson, English musician and composer (d. 1964)
 * Václav Talich, Czech conductor
 * Riccardo Zandonai, opera composer (d. 1944)
 * July 7 – Toivo Kuula, Finnish conductor and composer
 * July 25 – Alfredo Casella, composer (d. 1947)
 * July 29 – Manuel Infante, pianist and composer (d. 1958)
 * August 13 – Joseph C. Smith, American dance band leader (d. 1965)
 * August 15 – Benjamin M. Kaye, librettist (died 1970)
 * August 19 – Emilius Bangert, Danish composer and organist (d. 1962)
 * September 18 – Gerald Tyrwhitt-Wilson, 14th Baron Berners, British composer
 * October 2 – Frico Kafenda, Slovak composer
 * October 22 – Victor Jacobi, operetta composer (d. 1921)
 * November 8 – Arnold Bax, English composer (d. 1953)
 * December 3 – Anton Webern, Austrian composer (d. 1945)
 * December 22 – Edgard Varèse, French(-born) composer (d. 1965)

Deaths

 * January 24 – Friedrich von Flotow, composer (b. 1812)
 * February 13 – Richard Wagner, German composer (b. 1813)
 * February 17 – Napoléon Coste, guitarist and composer (b. 1805)
 * April 10 – Emilie Mayer, composer (b. 1812)
 * April 26 – Napoleon Orda, pianist, composer and artist (b. 1807)
 * June 6
 * Ciprian Porumbescu, composer (b. 1853)
 * Per Lasson, composer (b. 1859)
 * June 10 – Karl Graedener, cellist, singing teacher and composer (b. 1812)
 * July 14 – Svend Grundtvig, Danish folk song collector (b. 1824)
 * July 27 – Franz Doppler, flute virtuoso and composer (b. 1821)
 * September 2 – Léon Halévy, librettist (born 1802)
 * October 4 – Giovanni Guicciardi, Italian opera singer (b. 1819)
 * October 30 – Robert Volkmann, composer (b. 1815)
 * December 7 – Auguste Offenbach, composer (born 1862)
 * December 3 – Gustav Hölzel, operatic bass-baritone (b. 1813)
 * December 11 – Mario, operatic tenor (b. 1810)
 * date unknown – Enrico Ceruti, violin maker (b. 1806)

title: 1883 in music


text:
Hedda Gabler

Hedda Gabler is a play written by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen. The world premiere was staged on 31 January 1891 at the Residenztheater in Munich. Ibsen himself was in attendance, although he remained back-stage. The play has been canonized as a masterpiece within the genres of literary realism, nineteenth century theatre, and world drama. Ibsen mainly wrote realistic plays until his forays into modern drama. Hedda Gabler dramatizes the experiences of the title character, Hedda, the daughter of a general, who is trapped in a marriage and a house that she does not want. Overall, the title character for Hedda Gabler is considered one of the great dramatic roles in theater. The year following its publication, the play received negative feedback and reviews. Hedda Gabler has been described as a female variation of Hamlet.

Hedda's married name is Hedda Tesman; Gabler is her maiden name. On the subject of the title, Ibsen wrote: "My intention in giving it this name was to indicate that Hedda as a personality is to be regarded rather as her father's daughter than her husband's wife."

Characters

 * Hedda Tesman (née Gabler) — The main character, newly married and bored with both her marriage and life, seeks to influence a human fate for the first time. She is the daughter of General Gabler. She wants luxury but has no funds.
 * George (Jørgen) Tesman — Hedda's husband, an academic who is as interested in research and travel as he is enamoured with his wife, although blind to Hedda's manipulative ways. Despite George's presumed rivalry with Eilert over Hedda, he remains a congenial and compassionate host and even plans to return Eilert's manuscript after Eilert loses it in a drunken stupor.
 * Juliana (Juliane) Tesman — George's loving aunt who has raised him since early childhood. She is also called Aunt Julle in the play, and Aunt Ju-Ju by George. Desperately wants Hedda and her nephew to have a child. In an earlier draft, Ibsen named her Mariane Rising, clearly after his aunt (father's younger half-sister) and godmother Mariane Paus who grew up (with Ibsen's father) on the stately farm Rising near Skien; while she was later renamed Juliane Tesman, her character was modeled after Mariane Paus.
 * Thea Elvsted — A younger schoolmate of Hedda and a former acquaintance of George. Nervous and shy, Thea is in an unhappy marriage.
 * Judge Brack — An unscrupulous family friend. It is implied that the Judge has a lascivious personality, which he directs towards Hedda.
 * Eilert Lövborg (Ejlert Løvborg) — George's former colleague, who now competes with George to achieve publication and a teaching position. Eilert was once in love with Hedda. Destroyed his reputation in society by spending his money on depravity.
 * Bertha (Berte) — A servant of the Tesmans. Wants to please Hedda at all times.

Plot
Hedda, the daughter of a general, has just returned to her villa in Kristiania (now Oslo) from her honeymoon. Her husband is George Tesman, a young, aspiring, and reliable academic who continued his research during their honeymoon. It becomes clear in the course of the play that she never loved him, but married him because she thinks her years of youthful abandon are over.

The reappearance of George's academic rival, Eilert Løvborg, throws their lives into disarray. Eilert, a writer, is also a recovered alcoholic who has wasted his talent until now. Thanks to a relationship with Hedda's old schoolmate, Thea Elvsted (who has left her husband for him), Eilert shows signs of rehabilitation and has just published a bestseller in the same field as George's. When Hedda and Eilert talk privately together, it becomes apparent that they are former lovers.

The critical success of his recently published work makes Eilert a threat to George, as Eilert is now a competitor for the university professorship George had been anticipating. George and Hedda are financially overstretched, and George tells Hedda that he will not be able to finance the regular entertaining or luxurious housekeeping that she had been expecting. Upon meeting Eilert, however, the couple discovers that he has no intention of competing for the professorship, but rather has spent the last few years working on what he considers to be his masterpiece, the "sequel" to his recently published work.

Apparently jealous of Thea's influence over Eilert, Hedda hopes to come between them. Despite his drinking problem, she encourages Eilert to accompany George and his associate, Judge Brack, to a party. George returns home from the party and reveals that he found the complete manuscript (the only copy) of Eilert's great work, which the latter lost while drunk. George is then called away to his aunt's house, leaving the manuscript in Hedda's possession. When Eilert next sees Hedda and Thea, he tells them that he has deliberately destroyed the manuscript. Thea is horrified, and it is revealed that it was the joint work of Eilert and herself. Hedda says nothing to contradict Eilert or to reassure Thea. After Thea has left, Hedda encourages Eilert to commit suicide, giving him a pistol that had belonged to her father. She then burns the manuscript and tells George she has destroyed it to secure their future.

When the news comes that Eilert did indeed kill himself, George and Thea are determined to try to reconstruct his book from Eilert's notes, which Thea has kept. Hedda is shocked to discover from Judge Brack that Eilert's death, in a brothel, was messy and probably accidental; this "ridiculous and vile" death contrasts with the "beautiful and free" one that Hedda had imagined for him. Worse, Brack knows the origins of the pistol. He tells Hedda that if he reveals what he knows, a scandal will likely arise around her. Hedda realizes that this places Brack in a position of power over her. Leaving the others, she goes into her smaller room and shoots herself in the head. The others in the room assume that Hedda is simply firing shots, and they follow the sound to investigate. The play ends with George, Brack, and Thea discovering her body.

Critical interpretation
Joseph Wood Krutch makes a connection between Hedda Gabler and Freud, whose first work on psychoanalysis was published almost a decade later. In Krutch's analysis, Gabler is one of the first fully developed neurotic female protagonists of literature. By that, Krutch means that Hedda is neither logical nor insane in the old sense of being random and unaccountable. Her aims and her motives have a secret personal logic of their own. She gets what she wants, but what she wants is not anything that normal people would acknowledge (at least, not publicly) to be desirable. One of the significant things that such a character implies is the premise that there is a secret, sometimes unconscious, world of aims and methods — one might almost say a secret system of values — that is often much more important than the rational one. It is regarded as a deep and emotional play, due to Ibsen's portrayal of an anti-heroine.

Ibsen was interested in the then-embryonic science of mental illness and had a poor understanding of it by present-day standards. His Ghosts is another example of this. Examples of the troubled 19th-century female might include oppressed, but "normal", willful characters; women in abusive or loveless relationships; and those with some type of organic brain disease. Ibsen is content to leave such explanations unsettled. Bernard Paris interprets Gabler's actions as stemming from her "need for freedom [which is] as compensatory as her craving for power... her desire to shape a man's destiny."

Productions
The play was performed in Munich at the Königliches Residenz-Theater on 31 January 1891, with Clara Heese as Hedda, though Ibsen was said to be displeased with the declamatory style of her performance. Ibsen's work had an international following so that translations and productions in various countries appeared very soon after the publication in Copenhagen and the premiere in Munich. In February 1891 there were productions in Berlin and Copenhagen. On 20 April 1891, the first British performance of the play occurred, at the Vaudeville Theatre, London, starring Elizabeth Robins, who directed it with Marion Lea, who played Thea. Robins also played Hedda in the first US production, which opened on 30 March 1898 at the Fifth Avenue Theatre, New York City. In February 1899 it was produced as part of The Moscow Art Theatre's first season with Maria F. Andreeva as Hedda.

A 1902 production starring Minnie Maddern Fiske was a major sensation on Broadway, and following its initial limited run was revived with the same actress the next year.

Many prominent actresses have played the role of Hedda: Vera Komissarzhevskaya, Eleonora Duse, Alla Nazimova, Asta Nielsen, Johanne Louise Schmidt, Mrs. Patrick Campbell, Eva Le Gallienne, Elizabeth Robins, Anne Meacham, Ingrid Bergman, Peggy Ashcroft, Fenella Fielding, Jill Bennett, Janet Suzman, Diana Rigg, Isabelle Huppert, Claire Bloom, June Brown, Kate Burton, Geraldine James, Kate Mulgrew, Kelly McGillis, Fiona Shaw, Maggie Smith, Jane Fonda, Annette Bening, Amanda Donohoe, Judy Davis, Emmanuelle Seigner, Mary-Louise Parker, Harriet Walter, Rosamund Pike and Cate Blanchett.

In 1970 the Royal National Theatre in London staged a production of the play directed by Ingmar Bergman, starring Maggie Smith, who gained much critical acclaim and won a Best Actress Evening Standard Theatre Award for her performance. Also in the early 1970s, Irene Worth played Hedda at Stratford, Ontario, prompting New York Times critic Walter Kerr to write, "Miss Worth is just possibly the best actress in the world."

On 26 February 1972, Hedda Gabler was played at the Theatre in the Round, New Vic, Hartshill, Stoke on Trent.

A 1973/4 Royal Shakespeare Company world tour of the play was directed and translated by Trevor Nunn, and starred Pam St Clement as Bertha, Patrick Stewart as Eilert Lovborg, Peter Eyre as George Tesman, Glenda Jackson as Hedda Tesman, Timothy West as Judge Brack, Constance Chapman as Juliana Tesman, and Jennie Linden as Mrs. Elvsted.

In 1975, a film version directed by Nunn and starring Jackson was released as Hedda, for which Jackson was nominated for an Oscar.

British playwright John Osborne prepared an adaptation in 1972, and in 1991 the Canadian playwright Judith Thompson presented her version at the Shaw Festival. Thompson adapted the play a second time in 2005 at Buddies in Bad Times Theatre in Toronto, setting the first half of the play in the nineteenth century, and the second half during the present day. Early in 2006, the play gained critical success at the West Yorkshire Playhouse in Leeds and the Liverpool Playhouse, directed by Matthew Lloyd with Gillian Kearney in the lead role. A revival opened in January 2009 on Broadway, starring Mary-Louise Parker as the title character and Michael Cerveris as Jørgen Tesman, at the American Airlines Theatre, to mixed critical reviews.

In 2005, a production by Richard Eyre, starring Eve Best, at the Almeida Theatre in London was well-received and later transferred for an 11½ week run at the Duke of York's on St Martin's Lane. The play was staged at Chicago's Steppenwolf Theater starring actress Martha Plimpton.

In April 2009, a modernized New Zealand adaptation by The Wild Duck starring Clare Kerrison in the title role, opened at BATS Theatre in Wellington. It was lauded as "extraordinarily accessible without compromising Ibsen's genius at all."

In 2011, the performance of a production of the play as translated and directed by Vahid Rahbani was stopped in Tehran, Iran. Vahid Rahbani was summoned to court for inquiry after an Iranian news agency blasted the classic drama in a review and described it as "vulgar" and "hedonistic" with symbols of "sexual slavery cult."

In February 2011, a Serbian production premiered at the National Theatre in Belgrade.

A 2012 Brian Friel adaptation of the play staged at London's The Old Vic theatre received mixed reviews, especially for Sheridan Smith in the lead role.

The play was staged in 2015 at Madrid's María Guerrero. The production, which received mixed reviews, was directed by Eduardo Vasco and presented a text that was adapted by the Spanish playwright Yolanda Pallín with Cayetana Guillén Cuervo playing the lead role.

Tony Award-winning director Ivo van Hove made his National Theatre debut in London with a period-less production of Ibsen's masterpiece. This new version by Patrick Marber featured Ruth Wilson in the title role and Rafe Spall as Brack.

In 2017, a ballet interpretation of the play premiered at the Norwegian National Opera and Ballet under the direction of Marit Moum Aune.

In January 2019, Richmond Shakespeare Society staged the third production of Hedda Gabler in the Society's history. Hedda was portrayed by Amanda Adams and Judge Brack by Nigel Cole.

Since May 2019, the play has been staged in the National Theatre, Warsaw, with Hedda portrayed by Wiktoria Gorodeckaja.

In February 2023, the play was performed at Mulae Arts Factory (문래예술공장) in Seoul, South Korea. Director was Song Sun-ho (송선호).

The play is part of the 2024 season of the Stratford Festival.

Mass media adaptations
The play has been adapted for the screen several times, from the silent film era onwards, in several languages. The BBC screened a television production of the play in 1962, with Ingrid Bergman, Michael Redgrave, Ralph Richardson, and Trevor Howard, while the Corporation's Play of the Month in 1972 featured Janet Suzman and Ian McKellen in the two main leads. A version shown on Britain's commercial ITV network in 1980 featured Diana Rigg in the title role. Glenda Jackson was nominated for an Academy Award as leading actress for her role in the British film adaptation Hedda (1975) directed by Trevor Nunn. A version was produced for Australian television in 1961.

An eponymous American film version released in 2004 relocated the story to a community of young academics in Washington state.

An adaptation (by Brian Friel) of the 2012 Old Vic production was the first broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC Radio 4 on 9 March 2013.

In 2014, Matthew John also adapted Hedda Gabler starring Rita Ramnani, David R. Butler, and Samantha E. Hunt.

German director Andreas Kleinert adapted the story to early 21st century Germany in his 2016 film Hedda, starring Susanne Wolff and Godehard Giese.

An American film adaptation is currently in production with Nia DaCosta set to direct.

Awards and nominations

 * Awards
 * 1992 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Revival
 * 2006 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Revival
 * Nominations
 * 2002: Tony Award Nomination for Best Actress in a Play for Kate Burton
 * 2005 Lucille Lortel Award for Outstanding Revival

Alternative productions, tribute and parody
The 1998 play The Summer in Gossensass by María Irene Fornés presents a fictionalized account of Elizabeth Robins and Marion Lea's efforts to stage the first London production of Hedda Gabler in 1891.

In the Netflix animated show, Bojack Horseman, an episode features the main character putting on a stage production while in prison with inmates playing the roles.

An operatic adaptation of the play has been produced by Shanghai's Hangzhou XiaoBaiHua Yue Opera House.

An adaptation with a lesbian relationship was staged in Philadelphia in 2009 by the Mauckingbird Theatre Company.

A production at Princeton University's Lewis Center for the Arts featured a male actor, Sean Peter Drohan, in the title role.

Philip Kan Gotanda 'loosely' adapted Hedda Gabler into his 2002 play, The Wind Cries Mary.

A prostitute in the feature film Tristram Shandy: A Cock and Bull Story is named Hedda Gobbler.

The 2009 album Until the Earth Begins to Part by Scottish folk indie-rock band Broken Records features a song, "If Eilert Løvborg Wrote A Song, It Would Sound Like This".

John Cale, Welsh musician and founder of American rock band The Velvet Underground, recorded a song "Hedda Gabler" in 1976, included originally on the 1977 EP Animal Justice (now a bonus track on the CD of the album Sabotage). He performed the song live in 1998, with Siouxsie Sioux, and also in London (5 March 2010) with a band and a 19 piece orchestra in his Paris 1919 tour. The song was covered by the British neofolk band Sol Invictus for the 1995 compilation Im Blutfeuer (Cthulhu Records) and later included as a bonus track on the 2011 reissue of the Sol Invictus album In the Rain.

The Norwegian hard-rock band Black Debbath recorded the song "Motörhedda Gabler" on their Ibsen-inspired album Naar Vi Døde Rocker ("When We Dead Rock"). As the title suggests, the song is also influenced by the British heavy metal band Motörhead.

The original play Heddatron by Elizabeth Meriwether (b. 1981) melds Hedda Gabler with a modern family's search for love despite the invasion of technology into everyday life.

In the 2013 novel Bridget Jones: Mad About The Boy by Helen Fielding, Bridget tries and fails to write a modernized version of Hedda Gabler, which she mistakenly calls "Hedda Gabbler" and believes to have been written by Anton Chekhov. Bridget intends to call her version "The Leaves In His Hair" and set it in Queen's Park, London. Bridget claims to have studied the original play as an undergraduate at Bangor University.

title: Hedda Gabler


text:
1885 in music

Events in the year 1885 in music.

Specific locations

 * 1885 in Norwegian music

Events

 * October 25 – Johannes Brahms' Symphony No. 4 is premiered in Meiningen
 * Tin Pan Alley group of popular songwriters and publishers forms in New York City

Published popular music

 * "American Patrol"    m. F. W. Meacham
 * "The Boy I Love is Up in the Gallery"    w.m. George Ware
 * "Dars a Lock on de Chicken Coop Door" by Sam Lucas
 * "Funny Things They Do Upon The Sly"    w. G. W. Hunter & John Cooke Jnr m. G. W. Hunter
 * "Open Road"    Johann Strauss II
 * "Raise me, Jesus, to thy bosom," w. by George Birdseye, m. by William A. Huntley
 * "Saffi's Aria"    Johann Strauss II
 * "Some Sweet Day" by Edward L. Park & William Howard Doane
 * "This Is The House That Jerry Built"    w. T. S. Lonsdale m. W. G. Eaton
 * "What Cheer 'Ria"    w. Will Herbert m. Bessie Bellwood
 * From the score of The Mikado:
 * "A More Humane Mikado" ("Let the Punishment fit the Crime")
 * "The Flowers That Bloom In The Spring"
 * "There Is Beauty In The Bellow Of The Blast"
 * "Three Little Maids From School"
 * "A Wand'ring Minstrel I"

Classical music

 * Johannes Brahms – Symphony No. 4, Op. 98, in E minor
 * Anton Bruckner – Symphony No. 7
 * George Whitefield Chadwick – String Quartet No. 3 in D
 * Antonín Dvořák – Symphony No. 7, Op. 70, in D minor
 * Cesar Franck
 * Symphonic Variations for piano and orchestra
 * Danse lente for piano
 * Alexander Glazunov – Stenka Razin
 * Camille Saint-Saëns – Violin Sonata No. 1
 * Jean Sibelius – String Quartet in E-flat
 * Richard Strauss
 * Piano Quartet in C minor, Op. 13
 * Concerto No. 1 in E-flat Major for horn and orchestra
 * Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky – Manfred Symphony
 * José Vianna da Motta – Piano Concerto in A

Opera

 * Emmanuel Chabrier – Gwendoline
 * Fromental Halévy, completed by Georges Bizet – Noé given its first performance at Karlsruhe.
 * Jules Massenet – Le Cid
 * André Messager
 * La fauvette du temple
 * La Béarnaise
 * Emile Pessard – Tabarin premiered on January 12 at the Théâtre de l'Opéra, Paris
 * Amilcare Ponchielli – Marion Delorme
 * George Stephanescu – Scaiul barbatilor

Musical theater

 * Edward Jakobowski – Erminie (libretto by Claxson Bellamy and Harry Paulton) London production
 * William S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan – The Mikado London production
 * Johann Strauss II – Der Zigeunerbaron (The Gypsy Baron) Vienna production

Births

 * January 13 – James V. Monaco, Italian-born US composer (d. 1945)
 * January 27 – Jerome Kern, composer and songwriter (d. 1945)
 * February 9 – Alban Berg, composer (d. 1935)
 * February 12 – James Scott, ragtime composer (d. 1938)
 * February 16 – Will Fyffe, Scottish comedian and singer (d. 1947)
 * March 15 – Bertha Raffetto, American singer (d. 1952)
 * May 5 – Agustín Barrios, composer (d. 1944)
 * May 14 – Otto Klemperer, conductor and composer (d. 1973)
 * May 30 – Erna Ellmenreich, German operatic soprano (d. 1976)
 * June 13 – John Palm, Curaçao-born composer (d. 1925)
 * June 28 – Marino Capicchioni, Italian musical instrument maker (d. 1977)
 * July 12 – George Butterworth, composer (d. 1916)
 * July 17 – Benjamin Dale, composer (d. 1943)
 * August 9 – Pietro Frosini, accordionist (d. 1951)
 * October 15 – Therese Wiet, Austrian operetta singer (d. 1971)
 * October 21 – Egon Wellesz, Austrian composer (d. 1974)
 * October 25 – Sam M. Lewis, US lyricist (d. 1959)
 * December 19 – Joe "King" Oliver, jazz musician (d. 1938)

Deaths

 * February 15 – Leopold Damrosch, conductor, 52 (complications from a cold)
 * March 31 – Franz Abt, composer, 65
 * April 24 – Henry Augustus Rawes, hymn-writer, 58
 * May – Adolphe Blanc, composer, 56
 * May 1 – Henry Brinley Richards, composer, 67
 * May 12 – Ferdinand Hiller, German composer, conductor and pianist, 73
 * June 29 – Samuel C. Upham, lyricist, 66
 * August 26 – August Gottfried Ritter, organist and composer, 74
 * September 11 – Julius Zarebski, Polish pianist and composer, 31
 * September 13 – Friedrich Kiel, German composer, 63
 * October 21 – Michele Novaro, songwriter, 66

title: 1885 in music


text:
1886 in music

Specific locations

 * 1886 in Norwegian music

Events

 * March 21 – Anton Bruckner's Symphony No. 7 is performed for the first time publicly in Vienna, conducted by Hans Richter. This is his breakthrough work.
 * May 1 – The final version of Tchaikovsky's overture-fantasy Romeo and Juliet is performed for the first time, in Tbilisi (at this time part of the Russian Empire) under Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov.
 * June 9
 * Soprano Adelina Patti marries tenor Ernesto Nicolini in South Wales.
 * The centennial of the Stoughton Musical Society is celebrated in the United States.
 * June 25 – Arturo Toscanini makes his conducting debut, with an Italian opera company visiting Rio de Janeiro.
 * July 19 – Franz Liszt plays his last concert, in Luxembourg, dying less than two weeks later.
 * September 9 – Eight countries adopt the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, an historic international agreement on copyright protection which comes into force on 5 December 1887; other countries follow suit.
 * December 1 – Anton Seidl conducts the first American staging of Tristan und Isolde at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City.
 * The celesta is invented by Auguste Mustel.

Published popular music

 * "The Gladiator" m. John Philip Souza
 * "Johnny Get Your Gun" w.m. Monroe H. Rosenfeld
 * "Semper Fidelis" m. John Philip Souza
 * "Somebody's Mother" (The Song of All Mother Songs) by James W. Wheeler
 * "Two Lovely Black Eyes, Oh, What a Surprise" w. Charles Coborn m. Edmund Forman

Classical music

 * Eugen d'Albert – Symphony op. 4 in F
 * Anton Arensky – Margarite Gautier, Fantasia for Orchestra, op. 9
 * Johannes Brahms – Cello Sonata No. 2 op. 99 in F, Violin Sonata No. 2 op. 100 in A, Piano Trio No. 3 op. 101 in C minor
 * Charles Bordes – Paysages Tristes (song cycle)
 * George Whitefield Chadwick – Symphony No. 2 op. 21 in B-flat (revision)
 * Felix Draeseke – String Quartet No. 2 op. 35 in E minor, Piano Concerto op. 36 in E-flat, Symphony No. 3 in C major Tragica
 * Gabriel Fauré – Piano Quartet No. 2 op. 45 in G minor
 * Arthur Foote – In the Mountains (tone poem)
 * César Franck – Sonata for Violin and Piano in A Major
 * Alexander Glazunov – Five Novelettes for String Quartet, Op. 15, Symphony No. 2, Op. 16 (To the Memory of Liszt)
 * Vincent d'Indy – Symphonie sur un chant montagnard français
 * Hans Pfitzner – String Quartet in D minor
 * Josef Rheinberger – String Quartet No. 2, Op. 147 in F
 * Camille Saint-Saëns – The Carnival of the Animals, Symphony No. 3 (Organ)
 * Charles Villiers Stanford – Piano Quintet op. 25 in D minor
 * Ludwig Thuille – Symphony
 * Emil Waldteufel – España
 * Charles-Marie Widor – Symphony No. 2, Op. 54
 * John Philip Sousa – "The Gladiator" March
 * Richard Strauss – Aus Italien
 * Bernard Zweers – Symphony No. 3

Opera

 * Alfredo Catalani – Edmea

Musical theater

 * Adonis, London production opened at the Gaiety Theatre on May 31 and ran for 110 performances.
 * Dorothy, London production opened at the Gaiety Theatre on September 25. It transferred to the Prince of Wales Theatre on December 20 and to the Lyric Theatre on December 17, 1888, for a record-setting total run of 931 performances.
 * Erminie, Broadway production of this British show opened at the Casino Theatre on May 10 and ran for 571 performances.
 * The Queen of Hearts (music by John Philip Sousa), Broadway production.

Births

 * January 9 – Lloyd Loar, American sound engineer and instrument designer (d. 1943)
 * January 22 – John J. Becker, American composer and editor (of Charles Ives' music) (d. 1961)
 * January 25 – Wilhelm Furtwängler, conductor (d. 1954)
 * March 3 – R. O. Morris, British composer, teacher of Michael Tippett among others (d. 1948)
 * April 26 – Ma Rainey, blues singer (d. 1939)
 * April 30 – Frank Merrick, British pianist and composer (d. 1981)
 * May 3 – Marcel Dupré, French composer and organist (d. 1971)
 * May 4 – Shelton Brooks, Canadian-African American-song composer (d. 1975)
 * May 13 – Joseph Achron, Lithuanian Jewish composer (d. 1943)
 * May 24 – Paul Paray, conductor and composer (d. 1979)
 * May 26 – Al Jolson, singer and actor (d. 1950)
 * May 28 – Nikolai Sokoloff, Russian-American conductor and violinist (d. 1965)
 * June 9 – Kosaku Yamada, Japanese composer and conductor (d. 1965)
 * June 12 – E. Ray Goetz, US songwriter (d. 1954)
 * June 13 – Art Hickman, US bandleader (d. 1930)
 * July 4 – Heinrich Kaminski, German composer (d. 1946)
 * August 5 – Carlo Giorgio Garofalo, Italian composer and organist (d. 1962)
 * August 8 – Pietro Yon, Italian composer and organist, emigrated to US (d. 1943)
 * August 19 – Robert Heger, German composer and conductor (d. 1978)
 * August 27
 * Rebecca Clarke, English composer and violist (d. 1979)
 * Eric Coates, English composer and conductor (d. 1957)
 * August 31 – L. Wolfe Gilbert, Russian-born US songwriter (d. 1970)
 * September 1 – Othmar Schoeck, Swiss composer (d. 1957)
 * September 11 – Launy Grøndahl, Danish composer and conductor (d. 1960)
 * September 25 – Jesús Guridi, composer (d. 1961)
 * October 1 – Ali-Naqi Vaziri, composer (d. 1979)
 * October 6 – Edwin Fischer, pianist and conductor (d. 1960)
 * November 6 – Gus Kahn, German-born US lyric writer (d. 1941)
 * December 25 – Kid Ory, jazz musician (d. 1973)

Deaths

 * January 16
 * Joseph Maas, operatic tenor (b. 1847)
 * Amilcare Ponchielli, opera composer (b. 1834)
 * February 16 – Louis Köhler, conductor, composer and piano teacher (b. 1820)
 * March 23 – Max Wolff, composer (b. 1840)
 * March 27 – Dobri Chintulov, poet, teacher and composer (b. 1822)
 * March 31 – Marie Heilbron, operatic soprano (b. c. 1851)
 * April 13 – Károly Thern, pianist, conductor and composer (b. 1817)
 * July 23 – Emil Scaria, operatic bass-baritone (b. 1838)
 * July 31 – Franz Liszt, pianist and composer (b. 1811)
 * August 17 – John Woodcock Graves, composer (b. 1795)
 * September 10 – John Liptrot Hatton, composer (b. 1809)
 * September 14 – Hubert Ries, violinist and composer (b. 1802)
 * October 15 – Vilhelm Christian Holm, composer (b. 1820)
 * November 20 – Róza Laborfalvi, actress and singer (b. 1817)
 * date unknown
 * Sonya Adler, actress and singer (complications following childbirth)
 * Heraclio Fernández, composer and journalist (b. 1851)

title: 1886 in music


text:
1887 in music

Specific locations

 * 1887 in Norwegian music

Events
25 May – A fire during the 745th performance there of Mignon largely destroys the second Salle Favart, home of the Opéra-Comique in Paris; 84 people are recorded dead.

Published popular music

 * "Angels Without Wings" w.m. George Dance
 * "Away In A Manger" w. anon m. James Ramsey Murray
 * "Calvary" w. Henry Vaughn m. Paul Rodney
 * "Comrades" Felix McGlennon & George Horncastle
 * "The Song That Reached My Heart" w.m. Julian Jordan
 * "Ti! Hi! Tiddelly Hi!", w.m. Joseph Tabrar
 * From the score of Ruddigore (Music: Arthur Sullivan Lyrics: W. S. Gilbert):
 * "I Know A Youth Who Loves A Maid"
 * "I Shipped, D'Ye See, In A Revenue Sloop"
 * "My Boy, You May Take It From Me"
 * "There Grew A Little Flower"
 * "When The Night Wind Howls"

Classical music

 * Isaac Albéniz
 * Sonatas Nos. 3, 4 and 5 for piano
 * Concierto fantástico in A minor
 * Johannes Brahms – Concerto for Violin, Cello and Orchestra, Op. 102
 * Anton Bruckner – Symphony No. 8
 * Ruperto Chapi – La Bruja (zarzuela)
 * Gustave Charpentier – Didon (cantata)
 * Felix Draeseke – Sonata for Clarinet (or Violin) and Piano in B♭, Op. 38
 * Antonín Dvořák
 * Piano Quintet No. 2 in A, Op. 81
 * Mass in D major, Op. 86
 * Gabriel Fauré
 * 2 Songs, Op. 46
 * Pavane in F-sharp minor, Op. 50
 * Robert Fuchs – Symphony No. 2 in E♭, Op. 45
 * Edvard Grieg – Third Sonata for Violin and Piano in C minor, opus 45
 * Asger Hamerik – Requiem
 * Sergei Lyapunov – Symphony No. 1 in B minor, Op. 12
 * José Vianna da Motta – Piano Concerto in A major
 * Hans Pfitzner – Scherzo in C minor
 * Josef Rheinberger
 * Organ Sonata No. 11 in D minor, op. 148
 * Suite for organ, violin and cello, op. 149
 * Camille Saint-Saëns
 * Caprice sur des airs danois et russes, Op. 79
 * Souvenir d'Italie, Op. 80
 * Feuillet d'album, Op. 81
 * Pas redoublé, Op. 86
 * Alexander Scriabin – Étude in C-sharp minor, No. 1 from Trois morceaux, Op. 2
 * Charles Villiers Stanford – An Irish Symphony (Symphony No. 3 in F minor), Op. 28
 * Richard Strauss – Violin Sonata in E♭, Op. 18
 * Hugo Wolf – Italian Serenade for string quartet

Opera

 * Aleksandr Borodin – Prince Igor (finished by Rimsky-Korsakov)
 * Emmanuel Chabrier – Le roi malgré lui
 * Charles Edouard Lefebvre – Zaïre premiered in Lille
 * Adolf Neuendorff – Prince Waldmeister
 * Camille Saint-Saëns – Proserpine
 * Johann Strauss II – Simplicius
 * Giuseppe Verdi – Otello

Musical theater

 * Dorothy Broadway production opened at the Standard Theatre on November 5 and transferred to the Grand Opera House on April 16, 1888, for a total run of 51 performances
 * Ruddigore London and Broadway productions

Births

 * January 28 – Arthur Rubinstein, pianist (died 1982)
 * February 3 – Georg Trakl, poet and lyricist (died 1914)
 * February 7 – Eubie Blake, jazz pianist and composer (died 1983)
 * February 23 – Oskar Lindberg, composer (died 1955)
 * March 3 – Hart Wand, composer, fiddler, bandleader (died 1960)
 * March 4 – Violet MacMillan, Broadway and silent movie actress (died 1953)
 * March 5 – Heitor Villa-Lobos, Brazilian composer (died 1959)
 * March 7 – Heino Eller, composer (died 1970)
 * March 22 – Chico Marx, piano-playing comedian (died 1961)
 * March 23 – Anthony van Hoboken, musicologist (died 1983)
 * March 25 – Nicolae Bretan, opera composer (died 1968)
 * March 31 – José María Usandizaga, opera and symphonic composer (died 1915)
 * April 9 – Florence Price, composer (died 1953)
 * April 10 – Heinz Tiessen, composer (died 1971)
 * May 12 – Bertha Lewis, operatic contralto (died 1931)
 * May 30 – Emil Reesen, Danish composer, conductor, and pianist (d. 1964)
 * June 25 – George Abbott, US librettist and director (died 1995)
 * July 2 – Marcel Tabuteau, oboist (died 1966)
 * July 29 – Sigmund Romberg, composer (died 1951)
 * August 25 – Fartein Valen, composer (died 1952)
 * September 14 – Paul Kochanski, violinist (died 1934)
 * September 15 – Ernest Whitfield, 1st Baron Kenswood, violinist and welfare worker (died 1963)
 * September 16 – Nadia Boulanger, composer, conductor and music teacher (died 1979)
 * September 19 – Rosita Marstini, dancer and film actress (died 1948)
 * October 6 – Maria Jeritza, operatic soprano (died 1982)
 * October 11 – Oscar Shaw, actor and singer (died 1967)
 * October 14 – Ernest Pingoud, composer (died 1942)
 * November 1 – Max Trapp, composer (died 1971)
 * December 6 – Joseph Lamb, ragtime composer (died 1960)
 * December 7 – Ernst Toch, composer (died 1964)
 * December 8 – Vicente Emilio Sojo, musicologist and composer (died 1974)
 * December 12 – Kurt Atterberg, composer (died 1974)
 * December 24 – Lucrezia Bori, operatic soprano (died 1960)
 * December 27
 * Gertie Gitana, music hall singer (died 1957)
 * Bernard van Dieren, composer (died 1936)
 * date unknown
 * David Beigelman, violinist (died 1945; in Auschwitz concentration camp)
 * Carlo Jachino, composer (died 1971)

Deaths

 * January 19 – Nelly Power, music hall performer (born 1854)
 * January 30 – Frederick Lablache, singer (born 1815)
 * February 7 – Hanna Brooman, composer, translator and educator (born 1809)
 * February 21 – James Lorraine Geddes, songwriter (born 1827
 * February 27 – Alexander Borodin, composer (born 1833)
 * March 2 – Wilhelm Troszel, operatic bass and composer (born 1823)
 * March 11 – Ludvig Mathias Lindeman, composer (born 1812)
 * March 24 – Justin Holland, classical guitarist and civil rights activist (born 1819)
 * April 23 – John Ceiriog Hughes, lyricist and collector of folk tunes (born 1832)
 * May 12 – Francesco Malipiero, composer (born 1824)
 * June 1 – Joseph Philip Knight, composer (born 1812)
 * June 24 – Filippo Filippi, music critic (born 1830)
 * July 17 – Louis Mérante, dancer and choreographer (born 1828)
 * August 15 – Hedvig Willman, opera singer (born 1841)
 * August 16 – Alice May, singer and actress (born 1847; "congestion of the brain")
 * October 1 – Robert Stoepel, conductor and composer (born 1821)
 * October 18 – Matteo Salvi, opera composer (born 1816)
 * October 31 – George Alexander Macfarren, composer (born 1813)
 * November 2 – Jenny Lind, singer, "the Swedish Nightingale" (born 1820)
 * November 18 – Eduard Marxsen, pianist and composer (born 1806)
 * December 2 – Thomas Philander Ryder, composer, organist, teacher, conductor, and organ builder (born 1836)
 * December 5 – Eliza R. Snow, lyricist (born 1804)
 * date unknown – Georg Unger, operatic tenor (born 1837)

title: 1887 in music