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1986 in film

The following is an overview of events in 1986 in film, including the highest-grossing films, award ceremonies and festivals, a list of films released and notable deaths.

Highest-grossing films (U.S.)
The top ten 1986 released films by box office gross in North America are as follows:

Events

 * February 3 - Pixar Animation Studios is founded by Edwin Catmull and Alvy Ray Smith.
 * April - Guy McElwaine resigns as head of Columbia Pictures.
 * April 26 - Actor Arnold Schwarzenegger marries television journalist Maria Shriver.
 * June - First Midnight Sun Film Festival in Sodankylä, Finnish Lapland.
 * July 2 - The Great Mouse Detective is released to theaters to positive reviews and is a critical and financial success, just behind An American Tail, saving the Disney Studio from bankruptcy after the failure of The Black Cauldron. It is now regarded as one of the darkest and underrated classics of all time, and has gained a cult following.
 * August 6 - Timothy Dalton is officially announced as the fourth actor to portray James Bond.
 * September - David Puttnam becomes head of Columbia Pictures.
 * September 13 - Film review television program Siskel & Ebert premieres in syndication. Although the two critics have been working as a pair since 1975, this will be their longest running program and will run in various incarnations until 2010.
 * November 21 - The first animated film produced by Steven Spielberg, An American Tail, is released, and breaks the record once held by Disney's The Rescuers for the largest financial amount made for an animated film on opening weekend.
 * November 29
 * Actor Cary Grant dies of a cerebral hemorrhage in Davenport, Iowa.
 * Stuntman Dar Robinson is killed on the set of the film Million Dollar Mystery.

Awards
Palme d'Or (Cannes Film Festival):
 * The Mission, directed by Roland Joffé, United Kingdom

Golden Lion (Venice Film Festival):
 * The Green Ray (Le Rayon vert), directed by Éric Rohmer, France

Golden Bear (Berlin Film Festival):
 * Stammheim, directed by Reinhard Hauff, West Germany

By country/region

 * List of American films of 1986
 * List of Argentine films of 1986
 * List of Australian films of 1986
 * List of Bangladeshi films of 1986
 * List of British films of 1986
 * List of Canadian films of 1986
 * List of French films of 1986
 * List of Hong Kong films of 1986
 * List of Indian films of 1986
 * List of Hindi films of 1986
 * List of Kannada films of 1986
 * List of Malayalam films of 1986
 * List of Marathi films of 1986
 * List of Tamil films of 1986
 * List of Telugu films of 1986
 * List of Japanese films of 1986
 * List of Mexican films of 1986
 * List of Pakistani films of 1986
 * List of South Korean films of 1986
 * List of Soviet films of 1986
 * List of Spanish films of 1986

By genre/medium

 * List of action films of 1986
 * List of animated feature films of 1986
 * List of avant-garde films of 1986
 * List of comedy films of 1986
 * List of drama films of 1986
 * List of horror films of 1986
 * List of science fiction films of 1986
 * List of thriller films of 1986
 * List of western films of 1986

Births
American Soap Opera Actress
 * January 1 - Jessica Gunning, English actress
 * January 1 - Colin Morgan, Northern Irish actor
 * January 4 - Charlyne Yi, American actor, comedian, musician and writer
 * January 5 - Deepika Padukone, Indian actress
 * January 8 - Yash, Indian actor
 * January 16 - Mason Gamble, American former actor
 * January 21
 * Sushant Singh Rajput, Indian actor (d. 2020)
 * Ken Yamamura, Japanese actor
 * January 24
 * Mischa Barton, English-American actress
 * Raviv Ullman, Israeli actor
 * January 30 - Ashley Buccille, American actress
 * February 1 - Lauren Conrad, American TV personality and author
 * February 2 - Gemma Arterton, English actress
 * February 4 - Danielle Vega, American actress
 * February 6 - Dane DeHaan, American actor
 * February 9 - Jade Xu, actress
 * February 10 - Christopher Abbott, American actor
 * February 12 - Valorie Curry, American actress
 * February 14 - Tiffany Thornton, American actress, comedian, and singer-songwriter
 * February 18
 * Sakura Ando, Japanese actress
 * Dumbfoundead, American rapper and actor
 * February 19
 * Ophelia Lovibond, English actress
 * Maria Mena, Norwegian singer
 * February 22
 * Josh Helman, Australian actor
 * Miko Hughes, American actor
 * February 24
 * Bryce Papenbrook, American voice actor
 * Benny Safdie, American director, screenwriter, actor and editor
 * February 25
 * Jameela Jamil, English actress
 * James and Oliver Phelps, English twin actors
 * February 26 - Teresa Palmer. Australian actress, writer, model and film producer
 * March 1 - Alec Utgoff, Soviet-born English actor
 * March 9 - Brittany Snow, American actress
 * March 14 - Jamie Bell, English actor and dancer.
 * March 15 - Jai Courtney, Australian actor
 * March 16 - Alexandra Daddario, American actress
 * March 17 - Olesya Rulin, Russian-American actress
 * March 20 - Ruby Rose, Australian actress
 * March 21 - Scott Eastwood, American actor and model
 * March 22 - Matt Bush, American actor
 * March 23 - Steven Strait, American actor and singer
 * March 24 - Jason Wong, British actor
 * March 28 - Lady Gaga, American singer and actress
 * March 30 - Simon Baker, Aboriginal-Canadian actor
 * April 1 - Jenn Murray, Northern Irish actress
 * April 3 - Amanda Bynes, American actress and variety show host
 * April 4 - Gavin Stenhouse, English actor
 * April 7 - Jason Ralph, American actor
 * April 9 - Leighton Meester, American actress and singer
 * April 12 - Titanilla Bogdányi, Hungarian voice actress
 * April 17 - Zheng Kai, Chinese actor and television personality
 * April 19 - Henrik Kalmet, Estonian actor
 * April 22 - Amber Heard, American actress
 * April 23 - Alisha Morrison, Canadian actress
 * April 24 - Tahyna MacManus, Australian actress, director, writer and producer
 * April 25
 * John DeLuca, American actor and singer
 * Daniel Sharman, English actor
 * April 27 - Jenna Coleman, English actress
 * April 30
 * Dianna Agron, American actress, singer and director
 * Beau Wirick, American actor
 * May 3
 * Poppy Delevingne, English actress
 * Pom Klementieff, French actress and model
 * May 6 - Sasheer Zamata, American actress and comedienne
 * May 7 - Robbie Jarvis, British actor
 * May 11 - Tia Ballard, American voice actress
 * May 12 - Emily VanCamp, Canadian actress
 * May 13
 * Lena Dunham, American writer, director, actress, and producer
 * Robert Pattinson, English actor
 * May 16 - Megan Fox, American actress and model
 * May 17 - Tahj Mowry, American actor
 * May 19 - Eric Lloyd, American actor, comedian, musician and producer
 * May 20 - Robert Emms, British actor
 * May 21
 * David Ajala, British actor
 * Da'Vine Joy Randolph, American actress and singer
 * May 23 - Ryan Coogler, American filmmaker
 * May 26 - Àstrid Bergès-Frisbey, Spanish-French actress
 * May 28 - Joseph Cross, American actor and producer
 * May 30 - Will Peltz, American actor
 * June 1 - Alessio Puccio, Italian voice actor
 * June 3
 * Brenden Jefferson, American child actor and songwriter
 * Josh Segarra, American actor
 * June 4 - Oona Chaplin, Spanish-British actress
 * June 5 - Amanda Crew, Canadian actress
 * June 11 - Shia LaBeouf, American actor, performance artist, and filmmaker
 * June 12 - Luke Youngblood, English actor
 * June 13
 * Kat Dennings, American actress
 * Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen, American twin actresses and entrepreneurs
 * June 14 - Haley Hudson, American actress
 * June 17 - Marie Avgeropoulos, Canadian actress and model
 * June 18 - Richard Madden, Scottish actor
 * June 19
 * Nazareno Casero, Argentinian actor
 * Erin Mackey, American actress and singer
 * June 20 - Dreama Walker, American retired actress
 * June 26 - Brittney Karbowski, American voice actress
 * June 27
 * Drake Bell, American actor, comedian, musician, singer-songwriter and record producer
 * Sam Claflin, British actor
 * July 1 - Sonoya Mizuno, British actress
 * July 2 - Lindsay Lohan, American actress, singer, songwriter, producer, and entrepreneur
 * July 8 - Jake McDorman, American actor
 * July 10 - Wyatt Russell, American actor
 * July 15 - Yahya Abdul-Mateen II, American actor
 * July 17 - Brando Eaton, American actor
 * July 21 - Diane Guerrero, American actress
 * July 24 - Megan Park, Canadian actress and director
 * July 26 - Saphira Indah, Indonesian actress (d. 2019)
 * July 27 - Felecia Angelle, American voice actress
 * August 1 - Elijah Kelley, American actor and singer
 * August 2 - Lily Gladstone, American actress
 * August 6 - Nanna Blondell, Swedish actress
 * August 13 - Ashley Spillers, American actress
 * August 14 - Casey LaBow, American actress and producer
 * August 16 - Shawn Pyfrom, American actor and singer
 * August 17 - Katia Elizarova, Russian model and actress
 * August 22 - Keiko Kitagawa, Japanese actress
 * August 27 - Jack Kesy, American actor
 * August 28 - Armie Hammer, American actor
 * August 29
 * Nicole Byer, American comedian, actress and television host
 * Lea Michele, American actress and singer
 * August 31
 * Ryan Kelley, American actor
 * Johnny Wactor, American actor (d. 2024)
 * September 6 - Kalani Queypo, American actor
 * September 8 - Jake Sandvig, American actor
 * September 12
 * Alfie Allen, English actor
 * Emmy Rossum, American actress and singer
 * September 14 - A. J. Trauth, American actor and musician
 * September 16
 * Kyla Pratt, American actress
 * Michael James Shaw, American actor and writer
 * September 17 - Yoshitsugu Matsuoka, Japanese voice actor
 * September 18 - Keeley Hazell, English model and actress
 * September 19
 * Carrie Finlay, Canadian actress
 * Peter Vack, American actor, writer, director and producer
 * September 20 - Aldis Hodge, American actor
 * September 23
 * Kaylee DeFer, American former actress
 * Jana Pérez, Spanish actress and model
 * September 30 - Ki Hong Lee, Korean-American actor
 * October 1
 * Sayaka Kanda, Japanese actress, voice actress and singer (d. 2021)
 * Jurnee Smollett, American actress
 * October 2 - Camilla Belle, American actress, director, and producer
 * October 3 - Joonas Suotamo, Finnish actor
 * October 5 - Kevin Bigley, American actor
 * October 6
 * Luisa D'Oliveira, Canadian actress
 * Olivia Thirlby, American actress
 * October 12 - Rafal Zawierucha, Polish actor
 * October 13 - Tom Attenborough, English voice actor
 * October 15
 * Ali Fazal, Indian actor
 * Paul Walter Hauser, American actor
 * October 22 - Kyle Gallner, American actor
 * October 23
 * Emilia Clarke, British actress
 * Jessica Stroup, American actress
 * October 24
 * Drake, Canadian rapper, singer, and actor
 * Nobuhiko Okamoto, Japanese voice actor and singer
 * October 28 - Aditi Rao Hydari, Indian actress
 * November 1 - Penn Badgley, American actor
 * November 4 - Alexz Johnson, Canadian singer-songwriter, record producer, actress and philanthropist
 * November 10 - Josh Peck, American actor
 * November 14 - Cory Michael Smith, American actor
 * November 15
 * Winston Duke, Tobagonian actor
 * Jason Trost, American filmmaker and actor
 * November 18
 * Pablo Lyle, Mexican actor
 * Ragne Veensalu, Estonian actress
 * November 20 - Kingsley Ben-Adir, British actor
 * November 21 - Colleen Ballinger, American comedian, YouTuber, actress, singer and writer
 * November 25 - Katie Cassidy, American actress and singer
 * November 26 - Trevor Morgan, American actor
 * November 28 - Johnny Simmons, American actor
 * December 17 - Emma Bell, American actress
 * December 19 - Annie Murphy, Canadian actress
 * December 24 - Annika Noelle,
 * December 26 - Kit Harington, English actor
 * December 29 - Ally Maki, American actress
 * December 30 - Ellie Goulding, English singer and songwriter
 * December 31 - Bronson Pelletier, Canadian actor
 * Cathy Yan, Chinese-born American film director, screenwriter, and producer

title: 1986 in film


text:
Before Night Falls

Before Night Falls (Antes que anochezca: autobiografía) is the 1992 autobiography of Cuban writer Reinaldo Arenas, describing his early life in Cuba, his time in prison, and his escape to the United States in the Mariel boatlift of 1980. It received a favorable review from The New York Times and was on the newspaper's list of the ten best books of 1993. The book was adapted into a film of the same name in 2000, starring Javier Bardem and Johnny Depp.

Opera adaptation
On May 29, 2010, the premiere performance of Before Night Falls, an opera by Jorge Martín, took place at the Fort Worth Opera. The opera follows the book by Reinaldo Arenas closely.

On March 29, 2017, Florida Grand Opera premiered Before Night Falls in Miami with five performances at the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Before Night Falls


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Elasticity (economics)

In economics, elasticity measures the responsiveness of one economic variable to a change in another. If the price elasticity of the demand of something is -2, a 10% increase in price causes the quantity demanded to fall by 20%. Elasticity in economics provides an understanding of changes in the behavior of the buyers and sellers with price changes. There are two types of elasticity for demand and supply, one is inelastic demand and supply and the other one is elastic demand and supply.

Introduction

The concept of price elasticity was first cited in an informal form in the book Principles of Economics published by the author Alfred Marshall in 1890. Subsequently, a major study of the price elasticity of supply and the price elasticity of demand for US products was undertaken by Joshua Levy and Trevor Pollock in the late 1960s.

Elasticity is an important concept in neoclassical economic theory, and enables in the understanding of various economic concepts, such as the incidence of indirect taxation, marginal concepts relating to the theory of the firm, distribution of wealth, and different types of goods relating to the theory of consumer choice. An understanding of elasticity is also important when discussing welfare distribution, in particular consumer surplus, producer surplus, or government surplus.

Elasticity is present throughout many economic theories, with the concept of elasticity appearing in several main indicators. These include price elasticity of demand, price elasticity of supply, income elasticity of demand, elasticity of substitution between factors of production, cross-price elasticity of demand, and elasticity of intertemporal substitution.

In differential calculus, elasticity is a tool for measuring the responsiveness of one variable to changes in another causative variable. Elasticity can be quantified as the ratio of the percentage change in one variable to the percentage change in another variable when the latter variable has a causal influence on the former and all other conditions remain the same. For example, the factors that determine consumers' choice of goods mentioned in consumer theory include the price of the goods, the consumer's disposable budget for such goods, and the substitutes of the goods.

Within microeconomics, elasticity and slope are closely linked. For price elasticity, the relationship between the two variables on the x-axis and y-axis can be obtained by analyzing the linear slope of the demand or supply curve or the tangent to a point on the curve. When the tangent of the straight line or curve is steeper, the price elasticity (demand or supply) is smaller; when the tangent of the straight line or curve is flatter, the price elasticity (demand or supply) is higher.

Elasticity is a unitless ratio, independent of the type of quantities being varied. An elastic variable (with an absolute elasticity value greater than 1) responds more than proportionally to changes in other variables. A unit elastic variable (with an absolute elasticity value equal to 1) responds proportionally to changes in other variables. In contrast, an inelastic variable (with an absolute elasticity value less than 1) changes less than proportionally in response to changes in other variables. A variable can have different values of its elasticity at different starting points. For example, for the suppliers of the goods, the quantity of a good supplied by producers might be elastic at low prices but inelastic at higher prices, so that a rise from an initially low price might bring on a more-than-proportionate increase in quantity supplied. In contrast, a raise from an initially high price might bring on a less-than-proportionate rise in quantity supplied.

In empirical work, an elasticity is the estimated coefficient in a linear regression equation where both the dependent variable and the independent variable are in natural logs. Elasticity is a popular tool among empiricists because it is independent of units and thus simplifies data analysis.

Definition
Elasticity is the measure of the sensitivity of one variable to another. A highly elastic variable will respond more dramatically to changes in the variable it is dependent on. The x-elasticity of y measures the fractional response of y to a fraction change in x, which can be written as
 * x-elasticity of y: $$\varepsilon = \frac{\partial y / y}{\partial x / x}$$

In economics, the common elasticities (price elasticity of demand, price elasticity of supply, and cross-price elasticity) all have the same form:
 * P-elasticity of Q: $$\varepsilon = \frac{\partial Q / Q}{\partial P / P}$$ if continuous, or $$\varepsilon = \frac{\frac{Q_2-Q_1}{Q_1}}{\frac{P_2-P_1}{P_1}} = \frac{\%\ \mbox{change in quantity Q}}{\%\ \mbox{change in price P}}$$ if discrete.

Suppose price rises by 1%. If the elasticity of supply is 0.5, quantity rises by .5%; if it is 1, quantity rises by 1%; if it is 2, quantity rises by 2%.

Special cases:
 * Perfectly elastic: $$\varepsilon\rightarrow\infty$$; quantity has an infinite response to even a small price change.
 * Perfectly inelastic: $$\varepsilon=0$$; quantity does not respond at all to a price change.

Example of calculation
Suppose the demand curve is $$P = -2Q + 4$$

Then

$$ Q = \dfrac{P - 4}{-2} = \dfrac{4 - P}{2} = 2 - \dfrac{P}{2} $$ $$ \dfrac{\partial Q}{\partial P} = -\dfrac{1}{2} $$ $$ \dfrac{P}{Q} = -2 + \dfrac{4}{Q} $$ The price-elasticity of demand will be: $$ \epsilon = \dfrac{\partial Q/Q}{\partial P/P} = \dfrac{\partial Q}{\partial P} \dfrac{P}{Q} = - \dfrac{1}{2} \left(- 2 + \dfrac{4}{Q}\right) = 1 -  \dfrac{4}{2Q} = 1 - \dfrac{2}{Q} $$

Maximizing revenue
Seller revenue (or, alternatively, consumer expenditure) is maximized when $$\varepsilon=-1$$ (unit elasticity) because at that point a change in price is exactly cancelled by the quantity response, leaving the total revenue $$PQ$$ unchanged. To maximize revenue, a firm must decrease price if demand is inelastic: $$|\varepsilon|<1$$ and increase price if demand is elastic: $$|\varepsilon|>1$$

As the total revenue is unchanged, we have that

 * $$\frac{d}{dt}(PQ)=P\frac{d}{dt}Q + Q\frac{d}{dt}P=0$$

So

 * $$P\frac{dQ}{dt} = -Q\frac{dP}{dt}$$

 * $$PdQ = -QdP$$

 * $$\frac{PdQ}{QdP}=-1$$

The cancellation of the $$dt$$'s is justified by the fact that both time differentials are non-zero and the same.

The elasticity of demand is different at different points of a demand curve, so for most demand functions, including linear demand, a firm following this advice will find some price at which $$|\varepsilon|=1$$ and further price changes would reduce revenue. (This is not true for some theoretical demand functions: $$Q^d = 3P^{-.5 }$$ has an elasticity of -.5 for any value of $$P$$, so revenue rises infinitely as price rises to infinity even though quantity approaches zero. See Isoelastic function.)

Price elasticity of demand
Price elasticity of demand measures sensitivity of demand to price. Thus, it measures the percentage change in demand in response to a change in price. More precisely, it gives the percentage change in quantity demanded in response to a one per cent change in price (ceteris paribus, i.e. holding constant all the other determinants of demand, such as income). Expressing this mathematically, price elasticity of demand is calculated by dividing the percentage change in the quantity demanded by the percentage change in the price.

If price elasticity of demand is calculated to be less than 1, the good is said to be inelastic. An inelastic good will respond less than proportionally to a change in price; for example, a price increase of 40% that results in a decrease in demand of 10%.

Goods that are inelastic often have at least one of the following characteristics:

 * Few, if any, available substitutes (e.g. precious metals)
 * Essential goods (e.g. petrol)
 * Addictive goods (e.g. alcohol, cigarettes)
 * Bought infrequently or a small percentage of income (e.g. salt)

For goods with a high elasticity value, consumers will be more sensitive to price changes. For the average consumer, an increase in price of an inessential good with many available substitutes will often result in that consumer not purchasing the good at all, or purchasing one of the substitutes instead. Example: In the above graphical representation which shows an effect of prices on demand. If the price of the pizza is $20 at which the quantity demanded is 5, if there is an increase in price of pizza to $30 it will lead to decrease in quantity demanded to 3 which shows that small changes in the price of pizza lead to higher changes in quantity demanded.

Price elasticity of supply
The price elasticity of supply measures how the amount of a good that a supplier wishes to supply changes in response to a change in price. In a manner analogous to the price elasticity of demand, it captures the extent of horizontal movement along the supply curve relative to the extent of vertical movement. If supply elasticity is zero, the supply of a good supplied is "totally inelastic", and the quantity supplied is fixed. It is calculated by dividing the percentage change in quantity supplied by the percentage change in price.

The supply is said to be inelastic when the change in the prices leads to small changes in the quantity of supply. Whereas the elastic supply means the changes in prices causes higher changes in the quantity supplied.

Income elasticity of demand
Income elasticity of demand is a measure used to show the responsiveness of the quantity demanded of a good or service to a change in the consumer income. Mathematically, this is calculated by dividing the percentage change in the quantity demanded by the percentage change in income. Generally, a higher income will increase quantity demanded as consumers will be willing to spend more.

Cross-price elasticity of demand
Cross-price elasticity of demand (or cross elasticity of demand) measures the sensitivity between the quantity demanded in one good when there is a change in the price of another good. As a common elasticity, it follows a similar formula to price elasticity of demand. Thus, to calculate it the percentage change in the quantity of the first good is divided by the percentage change in price in the second good. The related goods that may be used to determine sensitivity can be complements or substitutes. Finding a high-cross price elasticity between the goods may indicate that they are more likely substitutes and may have similar characteristics. If cross-price elasticity is negative, the goods are likely to be complements.

Real-world examples of cross-price elasticity:

Elasticity of scale
Elasticity of scale or output elasticity measures the percentage change in output induced by a collective percent change in the usages of all inputs. A production function or process is said to exhibit constant returns to scale if a percentage change in inputs results in an equal percentage in outputs (an elasticity equal to 1). It exhibits increasing returns to scale if a percentage change in inputs results in greater percentage change in output (an elasticity greater than 1). The definition of decreasing returns to scale is analogous.

Determinants of elasticity
There are various factors that may affect elasticity, and these factors differ for the types of elasticity.

Availability of substitutes
If a product has various available substitutes that exist in the market, it is likely that it would be elastic. If a product has a competitive product at a cheaper price in the market in which it shares many characteristics with, it is likely that consumers would deviate to the cheaper substitute. Thus, if many substitutions existed in the market, a consumer would have more choices and the elasticity of demand would be higher (elastic). In contrast, if there were few substitutions that existed in the market, consumers will have fewer choices and little to no available substitutes which means elasticity of demand would be lower (inelastic).

Product is necessity or luxury
If a product is a necessity to the survival or daily life of a consumer, it is likely to be inelastic. This is due to the fact that if a product is so intrinsically important to the daily life of a consumer, a change in price is not likely to affect its demand.

Time elapsed since price changed
If the price of a product is increasing and it has little available substitutes, it is likely that the consumer will still continue to pay this higher price. The fact that the consumer needs the good in the short-run, means that he is likely to continue this action regardless in the long-run. This shows inelasticity of demand, because even if there is a huge increase of a product's price, there is no reduction of demand. However, if the consumer could not afford the new price of the product, they would likely have to learn to live without it, making the price elastic in the long-run.

Percentage Income spent on the good
When the consumer spends a considerable portion of their income on goods, it shows elastic demand. This indicates that a change in the price of the goods will have a low impact on the consumer's marginal consumption propensity. If the income spent by the consumer on the goods is in a small proportion of their total income which means the price elasticity of demand is low in such case.

Alternatively, we may also determine the factors affecting demand elasticity by considering three "Intuitive factors. Firstly, we may consider that there is different nature of elasticity when weighting a "brand" of a product or a "category" of a product, a particular brand of product is subject to elasticity as other brand may replace it, while a "category" of a product may not be easily replaced by other category of products. Secondly, like a complementary product, there are some commodities that is inelastic as buyer may have proceeding commitment to purchase it in the future, such as vehicle spare part. Thirdly, consumer mostly pay attention to product which cost a majority of share of their spending, hence any change of price in this product or services would be immediately affect consumer demand, hence this kind of product is elastic, while a product which is not part of consumer majority of purchase is inelastic due to "low involvement to products" effect.

Availability of scarce resources in the market
It is one factor affecting the price elasticity of any industry if the industry uses scarce resources to produce goods. If there is an increase in demand for the goods, the company will not be able to meet the demand because of the availability of resources. Thus, it will increase the prices of the resources, leading to a corresponding increase in the price of the producer goods. For example, Petrol is a natural resource, and thus it is scarce. If the demand for Petrol increases as there is a scarcity of Petrol, it will lead to an increase in petrol prices.

Number of competitors in the industry
It means that if the number of competitors is producing the same goods, there is an easy supply of the goods and thus supply is more inelastic with the increase in competitors.

Others
Like Price Elasticity of Demand, time also affects Price Elasticity of Supply. Though, there are other varying factors that affect this too, such as: capacity, availability of raw materials, flexibility, and the number of competitors in the market. Though, the time horizon is arguably the most influential detriment to price elasticity of supply.

The longer the time horizon, the easier it is for commodity buyers to choose alternative products (substitutes). Further, as the time for suppliers to respond to price changes increases, a given price change will have a more significant impact on supply. However, suppliers can also hire more labour overtime, raise more funds, build more new factories to expand production capacity, and ultimately increase supply. In general, long-term supply is more elastic than short-term supply because producers need some time to adjust their ability to adapt to changes in demand.

Applications
The concept of elasticity has an extensive range of applications in economics. In particular, an understanding of elasticity is fundamental in understanding the response of supply and demand in a market.

Elasticity is also an important concept for enterprises and governments. For enterprises, elasticity is relevant in the calculation of the fluctuation of commodity prices, and its relation to income.

For enterprise, the concept of elasticity also can be applied for pricing strategy. At one hand a businessman has to calculate as if reducing price will necessarily increasing the demand of their products, or will it not be necessary so and resolving a lost for the company At the other hand, enterprise have to consider whether Increasing price and cutting production quantity led to greater revenue. To answer that, it is suggested that if the demand of that product is elastic enough, it is profitable for enterprises to cut price and let the demand to increase over time. But in other hand if the price is inelastic, it is profitable to cut the quantity of production and let the price to rise, because as the product is inelastic enough, so consumer have no alternative to purchase other type of product or services to replace it. Though it is clear that the enterprise should not let their product price to pass by that inelasticity threshold, if so, then the product will be subject to price elasticity and be affected by declining demand over time.

For governments, the concept is important for the implementation of taxation. When a government wants to increase taxes on goods, it can use elasticity to judge whether increasing the tax rate will be beneficial. Often, the demand for goods will be significantly reduced when a government increases taxes on them. Whilst a tax increase on inelastic goods will not impact their demand, it may affect goods that are elastic. Aside from taxation, elasticity can also assist in analysing the need for government intervention.

Additionally, for essential goods, the government must ensure that they are available to most consumers. Through setting price ceilings and floors, the government is intervening by ensuring that these goods are reasonably available.

As stated by British political economist David Ricardo, luxury goods taxes have certain advantages over necessities taxes. They are usually paid from income and, therefore, will not reduce the country's production capital. For instance, when the price of wine products rises due to increased taxes, consumers can give up drinking wine.

Other common uses of elasticity include:
 * Analysis of incidence of the tax burden and other government policies. See Tax incidence.
 * Income elasticity of demand, used as an indicator of industry health, future consumption patterns, and a guide to firms' investment decisions. See Income elasticity of demand.
 * Effect of international trade and terms of trade effects. ''See Marshall–Lerner condition and Singer–Prebisch thesis.
 * Analysis of consumption and saving behavior. See Permanent income hypothesis.
 * Analysis of advertising on consumer demand for particular goods. See Advertising elasticity of demand.

Variants
In some cases the discrete (non-infinitesimal) arc elasticity is used instead. In other cases, such as modified duration in bond trading, a percentage change in output is divided by a unit (not percentage) change in input, yielding a semi-elasticity instead.

title: Elasticity (economics)


text:
1985 in film

The following is an overview of events in 1985 in film, including the highest-grossing films, award ceremonies and festivals, a list of films released and notable births and deaths.

Highest-grossing films (U.S.)
The top ten 1985 released films by box office gross in North America are as follows:

Context
The year was considered an unsuccessful one for film. Despite a record number of film releases, many films failed at the box office, and ticket sales were down 17% compared with 1984. Industry executives believed the problem, in part, was a lack of original concepts. Films about fantasy and magic failed, as audiences leaned towards science-fiction. Janet Maslin said the fault for this lay partly with Steven Spielberg, who had created such a successful template with films like E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial and Close Encounters of the Third Kind that many fantasy films had imitated them. There was also a saturation of youth-oriented films targeted at those under 18. Executives were not fond of these films, but the financial rewards were too significant to ignore. The few films aimed at older audiences, like Cocoon, were surprise successes. Only Back to the Future and Rambo: First Blood Part II were successful blockbusters, earning more than double the box office of Cocoon. Films offering escapism and pro-America themes like Rambo: First Blood Part II and Rocky IV had also fared well.

The glut of youth-targeted films like Return to Oz and The Black Cauldron, and science-fiction comedies like Weird Science, Real Genius, and My Science Project had resulted in a string of failures. Executives said that the films were all very similar and marketed in the same way, offering no variety for audiences.

Events

 * June 5 – The Chicago Cubs play the Atlanta Braves in a baseball game at Wrigley Field. Excerpts from the broadcast later pin this date as the day featured in Ferris Bueller's Day Off.
 * December 3 – Roger Moore steps down from the role of James Bond after twelve years and seven films. He is replaced by Timothy Dalton.

Awards
Palme d'Or (Cannes Film Festival):
 * When Father Was Away on Business (Otac na službenom putu), directed by Emir Kusturica, Yugoslavia

Golden Lion (Venice Film Festival):
 * Vagabond (Sans toit ni loi), directed by Agnès Varda, France / U.K.

Golden Bear (Berlin Film Festival):
 * Die Frau und der Fremde (The Woman and the Stranger), directed by Rainer Simon, East Germany
 * Wetherby, directed by David Hare, United Kingdom

By country/region

 * List of American films of 1985
 * List of Argentine films of 1985
 * List of Australian films of 1985
 * List of Bangladeshi films of 1985
 * List of British films of 1985
 * List of Canadian films of 1985
 * List of French films of 1985
 * List of Hong Kong films of 1985
 * List of Indian films of 1985
 * List of Hindi films of 1985
 * List of Kannada films of 1985
 * List of Malayalam films of 1985
 * List of Marathi films of 1985
 * List of Tamil films of 1985
 * List of Telugu films of 1985
 * List of Japanese films of 1985
 * List of Mexican films of 1985
 * List of Pakistani films of 1985
 * List of South Korean films of 1985
 * List of Soviet films of 1985
 * List of Spanish films of 1985

By genre/medium

 * List of action films of 1985
 * List of animated feature films of 1985
 * List of avant-garde films of 1985
 * List of comedy films of 1985
 * List of drama films of 1985
 * List of horror films of 1985
 * List of science fiction films of 1985
 * List of thriller films of 1985
 * List of western films of 1985

Births

 * January 1 - Juliana Harkavy, American actress
 * January 2 - Carla Juri, Swiss actress
 * January 3
 * Nicole Beharie, American actress
 * Leah Gibson, Canadian actress
 * January 5 - Michael Cuccione, Canadian child actor, singer and dancer (died 2001)
 * January 9 - James Acaster, English comedian and actor
 * January 10 - Alex Meraz, American actor and dancer
 * January 11 – Aja Naomi King, American actress
 * January 12 - Issa Rae, American actress, writer and producer
 * January 13 - Ellen Wong, Canadian actress
 * January 16 – Sidharth Malhotra, Indian actor
 * January 19 - Damien Chazelle, American film director
 * January 23 - Doutzen Kroes, Dutch actress and model
 * January 25
 * Claudia Kim, South Korean actress and model
 * Hartley Sawyer, American actor
 * Michael Trevino, American actor
 * January 26 - Edwin Hodge, American actor
 * January 28 - Tom Hopper, British actor
 * January 29 - Isabel Lucas, Australian actress and model
 * February 2 - Romain Cogitore, French film director
 * February 5 - Paige Howard, American actress
 * February 6 - Crystal Reed, American actress
 * February 7
 * Tina Majorino, American actress
 * Deborah Ann Woll, American actress and model
 * February 9
 * David Gallagher, American actor and singer
 * Rachel Melvin, American actress
 * February 14 - Jake Lacy, American actor
 * February 15 - Natalie Morales, American actress and director
 * February 17 - Anne Curtis, Filipino-Australian actress, model, television host
 * February 19
 * Haylie Duff, American actress and singer
 * Arielle Kebbel, American actress and model
 * Tatanka Means, Native American activist, actor
 * March 1 - Michael Conner Humphreys, American actor
 * March 3 - Nathalie Kelley, Australian actress
 * March 5 - Kenichi Matsuyama, Japanese actor
 * March 9 - Jolyon Coy, English actor and writer
 * March 10 - Cooper Andrews, American actor
 * March 13 - Emile Hirsch, American actor
 * March 15
 * Eva Amurri, American actress
 * Kellan Lutz, American actor
 * March 18 - Bianca King, Filipino-British former actress and model
 * March 21 - Sonequa Martin-Green, American actress and producer
 * March 22 - Katie Stuart, Canadian actress and stunt performer
 * March 23 - Maryana Spivak, Russian actress
 * March 24 - Jeremy James Kissner, American actor
 * March 26
 * Jonathan Groff, American actor and singer
 * Keira Knightley, English actress
 * Francesca Marie Smith, American actress and writer
 * March 27 – Ram Charan, Indian film actor
 * March 31 - Jessica Szohr, American actress
 * April 1 - Josh Zuckerman, American actor
 * April 7 - Ariela Massotti, Brazilian actress
 * April 9
 * Annie Funke, American actress
 * Tomohisa Yamashita, Japanese singer, actor and television host
 * April 10
 * Barkhad Abdi, Somali-American actor and director
 * Christie Laing, Canadian actress
 * April 12 - Hitomi Yoshizawa, Japanese former singer and actress
 * April 16
 * Rhiana Griffith, Australian actress
 * Benjamin Rojas, Argentine actor and singer
 * Gregor Schmidinger, Austrian screenwriter and director
 * April 17
 * Rooney Mara, American actress
 * Luke Mitchell, Australian actor and model
 * Maiken Pius, Estonian actress
 * April 20 - Billy Magnussen, American actor
 * April 22 - Kristin Fairlie, Canadian actress
 * April 23 - Rachel Skarsten, Canadian actress
 * April 27 - Sheila Vand, American actress
 * April 30 - Gal Gadot, Israeli actress and model
 * May 3 - Meagan Tandy, American actress and model
 * May 5
 * Clark Duke, American actor, comedian and director
 * Shoko Nakagawa, Japanese actress, voice actress and singer
 * May 6 - Jamie Winstone, English actress, daughter of actor Ray Winstone
 * May 9 - Chris Zylka, American actor and model
 * May 10 - Odette Annable, American actress
 * May 11
 * Aimee Horne, Australian actress, singer and voice-over artist
 * Jadyn Wong, Canadian actress
 * May 14
 * Lina Esco, American actress, producer and director
 * Sally Martin, New Zealand actress
 * May 15 - Tathagata Mukherjee, Indian actor
 * May 16
 * Stanislav Ianevski, Bulgarian actor
 * Andrew Keenan-Bolger, American actor
 * Julia Voth, Canadian actress and model
 * May 17 - Sophie McShera, English actress
 * May 22
 * Tao Okamoto, Japanese actress and model
 * Chris Salvatore, American actor, singer-songwriter, and model
 * May 25
 * Luciana Abreu, Portuguese singer, actress and television host
 * Lauren Frost, American actress and singer
 * May 28 - Carey Mulligan, English actress
 * May 29
 * Blake Foster, American actor
 * Yukihiro Takiguchi, Japanese actor, singer and model (died 2019)
 * May 30 - Sam Gifaldi, American actor
 * May 31 - Zoraida Gómez, Mexican actress
 * June 2 - Miyuki Sawashiro, Japanese voice actress
 * June 4 - Bar Refaeli, Israeli model, television host and actress
 * June 7 - Adam Nagaitis, British actor
 * June 9 – Sonam Kapoor, Indian actress and model
 * June 10 - Andrew Lees, Australian actor
 * June 12
 * Dave Franco, American actor
 * Liisa Pulk, Estonian actress
 * June 16 - Débora Nascimento, Brazilian actress and model
 * June 18
 * Sorel Carradine, American actress
 * Alex Hirsch, American voice actor, animator, writer, storyboard artist and producer
 * June 21 - Lana Del Rey, American singer and songwriter
 * June 22 - Douglas Smith, Canadian actor
 * June 27 - Martin Sensmeier, American actor and model
 * June 28 - Rae'Ven Larrymore Kelly, American actress
 * June 30
 * Lasarus Ratuere, Australian actor
 * Hugh Sheridan, Australian actor, musician and television presenter
 * July 1 - Léa Seydoux, French actress
 * July 2
 * Nelson Franklin, American actor
 * Ashley Tisdale, American actress and singer
 * July 5
 * François Arnaud, Canadian actor
 * Stephanie McIntosh, Australian actress and singer
 * July 6 - Ranveer Singh, Indian actor
 * July 7 - Seo Woo, South Korean actress
 * July 11 - Nitya Vidyasagar, Indian-American actress
 * July 14
 * Lee Kwang-soo, South Korean actor, entertainer and model
 * Phoebe Waller-Bridge, English actress and writer
 * July 15
 * Tomer Capone, Israeli actor
 * Pedro Carvalho, Portuguese actor
 * Agniya Kuznetsova, Russian actress
 * Crowd Lu, Taiwanese singer-songwriter and actor
 * Ecstasia Sanders, American-Canadian actress
 * July 16
 * Yōko Hikasa, Japanese voice actress and singer
 * Hiroyuki Onoue, Japanese actor
 * Rosa Salazar, Canadian-American actress
 * Cha Ye-ryun, South Korean actress
 * July 17 - Caitlin Van Zandt, American actor
 * July 18
 * Chace Crawford, American actor
 * James Norton, English actor
 * July 20 - John Francis Daley, American actor, director, producer, screenwriter and musician
 * July 21 - Vanessa Lengies, Canadian actress and singer
 * July 22 - Blake Harrison, English actor, voice actor and dancer
 * July 25
 * James Lafferty, American actor, director and producer
 * Shantel VanSanten, American model and actress
 * July 27
 * Aljin Abella, Australian actor of Filipino descent
 * Lou Taylor, American actor
 * July 28 - Jon Michael Hill, American actor
 * July 30 - Aml Ameen, British actor
 * August 1 - Henry Lloyd-Hughes, English actor
 * August 2 - Georgina Haig, Australian actress
 * August 9 - Anna Kendrick, American actress and singer
 * August 10 - Jared Nathan, American actor (died 2006)
 * August 11 - Jacqueline Fernandez, Sri Lankan actress
 * August 12 - África Zavala, Mexican actress
 * August 15 - Emily Kinney, American actress, singer and songwriter
 * August 16
 * Arden Cho, American actress, singer and model
 * Cristin Milioti, American actress and singer
 * August 17 - Yū Aoi, Japanese actress
 * August 18 - Desiree Casado, former actress
 * August 21 - Laura Haddock, English actress
 * August 23 - Juss Haasma, Estonian actor
 * August 27 - Kayla Ewell, American actress
 * September 2 - Yani Gellman, Canadian actor
 * September 4 - Morgan Garrett, American voice actress
 * September 6 - Lauren Lapkus, American actress and comedian
 * September 10
 * Monica Lopera, Colombian-American actress
 * Elyse Levesque, Canadian actress
 * September 16
 * Max Minghella, English actor and filmmaker
 * Madeline Zima, American actress
 * September 21 - Robert Hoffman, American actor
 * September 22 - Tatiana Maslany, Canadian actress
 * September 23 - Hasan Minhaj, American actor and stand-up comedian
 * September 24 - Jessica Lucas, Canadian actress and singer
 * September 25 - Eréndira Ibarra, Mexican actress
 * September 26 - Talulah Riley, English actress
 * September 27 - Grace Helbig, American actress, comedian and YouTuber
 * September 30 - Ben Lewis, Canadian actor and writer
 * October 1 - Emerald Fennell, English screen actress and director
 * October 5 - Carolina Bartczak, Canadian-Polish actress
 * October 6 - Ida Engvoll, Swedish actress
 * October 8 - Max Crumm, American actor and singer
 * October 10 - Aaron Himelstein, American actor
 * October 11 - Michelle Trachtenberg, American actress
 * October 17 - Max Irons, English-Irish actor and model
 * October 24 - Tim Pocock, Australian actor
 * October 25 - John Robinson, American actor
 * October 26
 * Qi Wei, Chinese actress
 * Asin Thottumkal, Indian actress
 * October 28 - Troian Bellisario, American actress
 * October 31 - Kether Donohue, American actress and singer
 * November 2 - Josh Grelle, American voice actor
 * November 5 - Annet Mahendru, American actress
 * November 7 - Lucas Neff, American actor
 * November 10 - Giovonnie Samuels, American actress
 * November 15 - Thue Ersted Rasmussen, Danish actor
 * November 20 - Dan Byrd, American actor
 * November 21 - Ronny Chieng, Malaysian comedian and actor
 * November 23 - Katie Crown, Canadian-American actress, voice actress, comedian and writer
 * November 26 - Arturo Castro, Guatemalan actor
 * November 27 - Alison Pill, Canadian actress
 * November 30
 * Gia Crovatin, American actress and producer
 * Kaley Cuoco, American actress
 * Daniel Ings, English actor
 * Chrissy Teigen, American actress, model and television personality
 * December 1 - Janelle Monáe, American singer, rapper and actress
 * December 3 - Amanda Seyfried, American actress and singer
 * December 5 - Frankie Muniz, American actor
 * December 6 - Max Kasch, American actor and musician
 * December 10 - Raven-Symoné, American actress and singer
 * December 13 - Rachel Hendrix, American actress
 * December 25 - Perdita Weeks, Welsh actress

title: 1985 in film


text:
Judith Wright

	Judith Arundell Wright (31 May 1915 – 25 June 2000) was an Australian poet, environmentalist and campaigner for Aboriginal land rights. She was a recipient of the Christopher Brennan Award and nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1964, 1965 and 1967.

Biography
Judith Wright was born in Armidale, New South Wales. The eldest child of Phillip Wright and his first wife, Ethel, she spent most of her formative years in Brisbane and Sydney. Wright was of Cornish ancestry. Following the early death of her mother, she lived with her aunt and then boarded at New England Girls' School after her father's remarriage in 1929. After graduating, Wright studied philosophy, English, psychology and history at the University of Sydney. At the beginning of World War II, she returned to her father's station (ranch) to help during the shortage of labour caused by the war.

Wright's first book of poetry, The Moving Image, was published in 1946 while she was working at the University of Queensland as a research officer. Then, she had also worked with Clem Christesen on the literary magazine Meanjin, the first edition of which was published in late 1947. In 1950 she moved to Mount Tamborine, Queensland, with the novelist and abstract philosopher Jack McKinney. Their daughter Meredith was born in the same year. They married in 1962, but Jack was to live only until 1966.

In 1966, she published The Nature of Love, her first collection of short stories, through Sun Press, Melbourne. Set mainly in Queensland, they include 'The Ant-lion', 'The Vineyard Woman', 'Eighty Acres', 'The Dugong', 'The Weeping Fig' and 'The Nature of Love', all first published in The Bulletin. Wright was nominated for the 1967 Nobel Prize for Literature.

With David Fleay, Kathleen McArthur and Brian Clouston, Wright was a founding member and, from 1964 to 1976, president, of the Wildlife Preservation Society of Queensland. In 1991, she was the second Australian to receive the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry.

She was involved in the Poets Union.

For the last three decades of her life, Wright lived near the New South Wales town of Braidwood. She moved to the Braidwood area to be closer to H. C. "Nugget" Coombs, her lover of 25 years, who was based in Canberra.

Wright started to lose her hearing in her mid-20s and became completely deaf by 1992.

Poet and critic
Wright was the author of collections of poetry, including The Moving Image, Woman to Man, The Gateway, The Two Fires, Birds, The Other Half, Magpies, Shadow and Hunting Snake. Her work is noted for a keen focus on the Australian environment, which began to gain prominence in Australian art in the years following World War II. She deals with the relationship between settlers, Indigenous Australians and the bush, among other themes. Wright's aesthetic centres on the relationship between mankind and the environment, which she views as the catalyst for poetic creation. Her images characteristically draw from the Australian flora and fauna, yet contain a mythic substrata that probes at the poetic process, limitations of language, and the correspondence between inner existence and objective reality.

Wright's poems have been translated into a number of languages, including Italian, Japanese and Russian. Along with Brendan Kennelly, she is the most featured poet in The Green Book of Poetry, a large ecopoetry anthology by Ivo Mosley (Frontier Publishing 1993), which was published by Harper San Francisco in 1996 as Earth Poems: Poems from Around the World to Honor the Earth.

Birds
In 2003, the National Library of Australia published an expanded edition of Wright's collection titled Birds. Most of these poems were written in the 1950s when she was living on Tamborine Mountain in southeast Queensland. Meredith McKinney, Wright's daughter, writes that they were written at "a precious and dearly-won time of warmth and bounty to counterbalance at last what felt, in contrast, the chilly dearth and difficulty of her earlier years". McKinney goes on to say that "many of these poems have a newly relaxed, almost conversational tone and rhythm, an often humorous ease and an intimacy of voice that surely reflects the new intimacies and joys of her life". Despite the joy reflected in the poems, however, they also acknowledge "the experiences of cruelty, pain and death that are inseparable from the lives of birds as of humans ... and [turn] a sorrowing a clear-sighted gaze on the terrible damage we have done and continue to do to our world, even as we love it".

Environmentalism and social activism
Wright campaigned in support of the conservation of the Great Barrier Reef and Fraser Island. With some of her friends, she helped found one of the earliest nature conservation movements.

She was also an advocate for Aboriginal land rights. Tom Shapcott, reviewing With Love and Fury, her posthumous collection of selected letters published in 2007, comments that her letter on this topic to the Australian prime minister John Howard was "almost brutal in its scorn". Shortly before her death, she attended a march in Canberra for reconciliation between non-indigenous Australians and the Aboriginal people.

Awards
In 2009 as part of the Q150 celebrations, Judith Wright was announced as one of the Q150 Icons of Queensland for her role as an "Influential Artists".
 * 1976 – Christopher Brennan Award
 * 1991 – Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry
 * 1994 – Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Poetry Award for Collected Poems

Death and legacy
Wright died in Canberra on 25 June 2000, aged 85.

In June 2006 the Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) announced that the new federal electorate in Queensland, which was to be created at the 2007 federal election, would be named Wright in honour of her accomplishments as a "poet and in the areas of arts, conservation and indigenous affairs in Queensland and Australia". However, in September 2006 the AEC announced it would name the seat after John Flynn, the founder of the Royal Flying Doctor Service, due to numerous objections from people fearing the name Wright may be linked to disgraced former Queensland ALP MP Keith Wright. Under the 2009 redistribution of Queensland, a new seat in southeast Queensland was created and named in Wright's honour; it was first contested in 2010.

The Judith Wright Arts Centre in Fortitude Valley, Brisbane, is named after her.

On 2 January 2008, it was announced that a future suburb in the district of Molonglo Valley, Canberra would be named "Wright". There is a street in the Canberra suburb of Franklin named after her, as well. Another of the Molonglo Valley suburbs was named after Wright's lover, "Nugget" Coombs.

The Judith Wright Award was awarded as part of the ACT Poetry Award by the ACT Government between 2005 and 2011, for a published book of poems by an Australian poet.

The Judith Wright Poetry Prize for New and Emerging Poets (worth A$20,000), was established in 2007 by Overland magazine.

The Judith Wright Calanthe Award has been awarded as part of the Queensland Premier's Literary Awards since 2004.

Collections

 * Woman to Man (1949)
 * Woman to Child (1949)
 * The Old Prison (1949)
 * The Gateway (1953)
 * Hunting Snake (1964)
 * Bora Ring (1946)
 * South of My Days  (1946)
 * The Two Fires (1955)
 * Australian Bird Poems (1961)
 * Birds: Poems, Angus and Robertson, 1962;
 * Five Senses: Selected Poems (1963)
 * Selected Poems (1963)
 * Tentacles: A tribute to those lovely things (1964)
 * Sportsfield
 * City Sunrise (1964)
 * The Other Half (1966)
 * The Nature of Love(1966)
 * Collected Poems (1971)
 * Alive: Poems 1971–72 (1973)
 * Poets On Record 9 (University of Queensland Press, 1973) Selected works, issued with a 7" record of Wright reading her own poems.
 * Fourth Quarter and Other Poems (1976)
 * Train Journey (1978)
 * The Double Tree: Selected Poems 1942–76 (1978)
 * Phantom Dwelling (1985)
 * A Human Pattern: Selected Poems (1990) ISBN 1-875892-17-6
 * The Flame Tree (1993)
 * Bullocky (1993)
 * Collected poems, 1942–1985, Angus & Robertson, 1994, ISBN 978-0-207-18135-1
 * Poemas escogidos, Pre-textos, 2020, ISBN 978-84-18178-33-7 (Spanish translation by José Luis Fernández Castillo)
 * Collected poems, 1942–1985, Angus & Robertson, 1994, ISBN 978-0-207-18135-1
 * Poemas escogidos, Pre-textos, 2020, ISBN 978-84-18178-33-7 (Spanish translation by José Luis Fernández Castillo)

Literary criticism

 * William Baylebridge and the modern problem (Canberra University College, 1955)
 * Charles Harpur (1963)
 * Preoccupations in Australian Poetry (1965)
 * The Poet's Pen (1965) (an anthology of poetry selected by Wright with A.K. Thomson)
 * Henry Lawson (Great Australians Series) (1967)
 * Because I Was Invited (1975)
 * Going on Talking (1991) ISBN 0-947333-43-6

Other works

 * Kings of the Dingoes (1958) Oxford University Press, Melbourne
 * The Generations of Men, illustrated by Alison Forbes (1959) ISBN 1-875892-16-8
 * Range the Mountains High (1962)
 * The Nature of Love (1966) Sun Books, Melbourne
 * "The Battle of the Biosphere" (Outlook magazine article 1970)
 * "'Witnesses of spring: unpublished poems of Shaw Neilson'', edited by Wright, with poems selected by Wright and Val Vallis, from material selected by Ruth Harrison (1970)
 * The Coral Battleground (1977)
 * The Cry for the Dead (1981)
 * We Call for a Treaty (1985)
 * Half a Lifetime (Text, 2001) ISBN 1-876485-78-7
 * Judith Wright: Selected Writings (2022) ed. Georgina Arnott, La Trobe University Press & Black Inc ISBN 9781760642624
 * Request To a Year
 * Request To a Year

Letters

 * The Equal Heart and Mind: Letters between Judith Wright and Jack McKinney. Edited by Patricia Clarke and Meredith McKinney (UQP, 2004) ISBN 0-7022-3441-9
 * With Love and Fury: Selected letters of Judith Wright, edited by Patricia Clarke and Meredith McKinney (National Library of Australia, 2006) ISBN 978-0-642-27625-4
 * Portrait of a friendship: the letters of Barbara Blackman and Judith Wright, 1950–2000, edited by Bryony Cosgrove (Miegunyah Press, 2007) ISBN 978-0-522-85355-1, ISBN 0-522-85355-2

title: Judith Wright


text:
Pollock (film)

Pollock  is a 2000 American independent biographical drama film centered on the life of American painter Jackson Pollock, his struggles with alcoholism, as well as his troubled marriage to his wife Lee Krasner. The film stars Ed Harris, Marcia Gay Harden, Jennifer Connelly, Robert Knott, Bud Cort, Molly Regan, and Sada Thompson, and was directed by Harris.

Marcia Gay Harden won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for portraying Lee Krasner. Ed Harris received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor for his portrayal of Pollock. The film was a long-term personal project for Harris based on his reading of the 1989 biography Jackson Pollock: An American Saga, written by Steven Naifeh and Gregory White Smith.

Plot
In the 1940s, abstract expressionist painter Jackson Pollock exhibits paintings in occasional group art shows.

Pollock lives with his brother Sande and sister-in-law Arloie at a tiny apartment in New York City. With Arloie expecting a new baby, Pollock decides to move out on her behalf. Soon afterward, Pollock meets and takes an interest in artist Lee Krasner. He learns later that his brother has taken a job in Connecticut building military gliders to avoid the draft.

Pollock, a struggling alcoholic, goes on a drinking binge and is found in a disheveled state by Sande and Lee to which Sande tells Lee that Pollock has been diagnosed as "clinically neurotic." Taking pity on Pollock, Lee takes him home and becomes his manager.

One day, Pollock's old friend Reuben Kadish visits him, bringing along Howard Putzel, who works for wealthy art collector Peggy Guggenheim. After Guggenheim views his work, he is given a contract to exhibit his paintings, plus a commission to paint a 8 ft by 20 ft mural in her New York townhouse entry way. Pollock's first exhibit fails to attract any buyers. After a New Year's Eve party, a drunken Pollock almost sleeps with Peggy. Afterwards, he falls into another stupor upon hearing that Putzel has died.

Pollock and Lee are wed after Lee says they either marry or "split up" before moving to Long Island. During a get-together at Peggy's, Pollock dismisses art critic Clement Greenberg's comments and refuses to change his painting style to be more marketable. Pollock's paintings are not selling but Clement assures him it will change after a Life magazine article about him is published and his upcoming exhibit.

Pollock and Lee's relationship is strained after he openly flirts with another woman. Meanwhile, to earn more income, Pollock tries various occupations but fails due to his alcoholism. He lies to Sande about his financial status, though this improves after the Life story about him is published. Later, cinematographer Hans Namuth films Pollock as he paints, though Namuth's presence interrupts the spontaneous nature of his work. Pollock, who tried abstaining from alcohol, inadvertently ruins Thanksgiving dinner upon relapsing.

In medias res to the events of the film, Pollock autographs a copy of the Life magazine to a fan at an art exhibit in 1950. Five years after the exhibit, Clement tells Pollock that the Partisan Review is favoring artist Clyfford Still, saying that his original technique could be the next direction of modern art.

A drunk Pollock reacts badly, becoming angrier when Lee berates him for his drinking and womanizing. By this moment, Pollock's marriage to Lee has become even more strained due to her refusal to conceive children with him, all of which has led Pollock to start an extramarital affair with teenage abstract artist Ruth Kligman.

In 1956, following a conversation with Lee over the phone while she is in Venice, Pollock tells Ruth "I owe the woman something." On a subsequent visit, Ruth brings along her friend Edith before the three go for a drive. An intoxicated Pollock crashes the car, killing himself and Edith, and throwing Ruth into a ditch, seriously injuring her.

A textual epilogue reveals Lee never remarried following Pollock's death.

Cast

 * Ed Harris as Jackson Pollock
 * Marcia Gay Harden as Lee Krasner
 * Tom Bower as Dan Miller
 * Jennifer Connelly as Ruth Kligman
 * Bud Cort as Howard Putzel
 * John Heard as Tony Smith
 * Val Kilmer as Willem de Kooning
 * Amy Madigan as Peggy Guggenheim
 * Sally Murphy as Edith Metzger
 * Stephanie Seymour as Helen Frankenthaler
 * Matthew Sussman as Reuben Kadish
 * Jeffrey Tambor as Clement Greenberg
 * Norbert Weisser as Hans Namuth
 * Everett Quinton as James Johnson Sweeney
 * Annabelle Gurwitch as May Rosenberg
 * John Rothman as Harold Rosenberg
 * Kenny Scharf as William Baziotes
 * Sada Thompson as Stella Pollock
 * Robert O'Neill as Herbert Matter

Production
The film was adapted by Barbara Turner and Susan Emshwiller from the book Jackson Pollock: An American Saga by Steven Naifeh and Gregory White Smith. It was directed by Harris.

This film was a longtime passion project for Ed Harris. After his father gave him a copy of Pollock's biography, he started thinking about adapting it, which took almost 10 years to bring to fruition.

Filming took a mere 50 days with a six-week layoff after forty days so Harris could take time to gain thirty pounds and grow a beard.

Harris himself did all the painting seen in the film.

Critical response
Pollock received positive reviews from critics and has a score of 80% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 110 reviews with an average rating of 6.9/10. The critical consensus states, "Though Pollock does not really allow audiences a glimpse of the painter as a person, it does powerfully depict the creative process. Harris throws himself into the role and turns in a compelling performance." The film also has a score of 77 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 31 critics..

Box office
Pollock opened on December 15, 2000 in the US and Canada in a limited release in 2 theaters and grossed $44,244 with an average of $22,122 per theater and ranking #37 at the box office. The film's widest release was 280 theaters and it ended up earning $8,598,593 domestically and $1,960,377 internationally for a total of $10,558,970.

Soundtrack
The soundtrack to Pollock was released on February 13, 2001.

title: Pollock (film)


text:
Abe Attell

Abraham Washington Attell (February 22, 1883 – February 7, 1970), often referred to by newspapers as "The Little Hebrew", was an American boxer who became known for his record-setting, six year consecutive reign as World Featherweight Champion from 1906 to 1912, and his nearly consecutive ten-year reign starting in 1902. Said to be a friend of the gangster Arnold Rothstein, Attell was charged with game fixing in the Black Sox Scandal in 1919, but the charges were dismissed before trial. He also was suspected of other infractions including fixing fights, and using drugs during a fight.

Life and career
Attell was born in San Francisco, California, the son of Jewish parents. Many sources give his year of birth as 1884, but in an article published in the October 1961 issue of Cavalier magazine, he stated that he had turned 78 that year. A copy of his passport also gives his birth year as 1883, and the 1900 U.S. Census gives his age as 17. Growing up in a mostly Irish neighborhood, he was often involved in fights with neighborhood boys. He said as a kid, he sometimes had up to 10 bouts each day. After his father abandoned the family when Attell was 13, he sold newspapers to earn money. Selling at the corner of 8th and Market, near the Mechanics Pavilion, a frequent venue for important boxing matches, Attell watched the fight between Solly Smith and George Dixon for the world's Featherweight championship. With that, Attell and his brothers Caesar and Monte became convinced they might have futures in boxing.

Attell's first professional fight was at age 17 on August 19, 1900, when he knocked out Kid Lennett in two rounds at the San Francisco Athletic Club. His mother, who strongly opposed his boxing, later became one of his staunchest supporters, betting on him to win.

World featherweight champion
After winning 10 fights in a row by knockout, Attell moved to Denver, Colorado. At the age of 18, he fought George Dixon and beat him in a 15-round decision after having drawn with him twice before. In 1903, he beat Johnny Reagan in a 20 round decision to claim the previously vacated featherweight title one year after Young Corbett II vacated.

Attell successfully defended his title twenty-two times between 1906 and 1912, which to this day remains a division record. Among other opponents, Attell beat Battling Nelson and Johnny Kilbane during this period. He was often called "The Little Champ" or "The Little Hebrew" by newspapers. From 1909 to 1910, his brother Monte Attell, called the "Nob Hill Terror", held the Bantamweight Championship, making them the first brothers to hold world titles simultaneously. His brother, Caesar Attell also fought and was called "Two and a Half," for always giving that amount whenever the hat was passed for charity at a boxing event, which he attended faithfully. During his time as world featherweight champion, Attell was allegedly involved with gambler/gangster Arnold Rothstein. According to some accounts, they became good friends during this period.

Attell defeated American 1905 World Bantamweight Champion Jimmy Walsh three times in title matches; on September 12, 1907, for a ten-round decision in Indianapolis, on December 7, 1906, in a ten-round TKO in Los Angeles, and on February 22, 1906, for a fifteen-round decision in Chelsea, Massachusetts, in which Attell "badly punished" Walsh. Not surprisingly, Attell was the odds on favorite for the December 1906 fight. He met Attell twice in non-title matches on April 3, 1913, in New York in a ten-round loss by decision and on October 24, 1912, in a twelve-round draw in Boston. After the April 3, 1913, New York bout, Walsh's manager Eddie Keevin filed charges against Attell with the New York boxing commission stating that Attell had used eye gouging against Walsh during the fight.

Later career
Attell lost his World Featherweight Title to Johnny Kilbane in 1912, in a 20-round decision. Kilbane claimed that Attell's handlers put chloroform on the fighter's glove to blind him. Other witnesses claimed other illegal tactics were used in the fight. On July 4, 1913, Attell accidentally hit a referee during a win against Willie Beecher. He finally retired in 1917. Attell managed one boxer, Marty Goldman. He coached him to a 33 Win (10 ko's), 11 Loss, 3 Draw record in 47 career fights.

After his professional boxing career ended, Attell operated a shoe store in New York City, doing a good business selling to customers, fans and sporting people who came in to see him. He gave up the shoe business around June 1916 to go into vaudeville.

His name was later linked to the infamous Black Sox baseball scandal of 1919. He was alleged to have been the bag man for gambler Arnold Rothstein and to have given $10,000 to several Chicago White Sox players. They had in return agreed to throw the World Series with Cincinnati. When the scandal broke in 1920, Attell went to Canada for a year to avoid being subpoenaed. Rothstein was never indicted for the crime.

Black Sox Scandal
In 1920 Attell was accused of being the messenger between the gangster Rothstein and players of the Chicago White Sox baseball organization, during the planning stages of the fix of the 1919 World Series. Prior to the series, Attell had been approached by former fighter Billy Maharg and former Major League Baseball pitcher "Sleepy" Bill Burns in their bid to get Rothstein to financially back the fix. The Black Sox scandal was considered a major outrage in sports and Attell's name appeared in newspaper headlines related to the scandal. He and many White Sox players were formally charged with several counts, including fixing the event, however Rothstein was never charged. All were eventually acquitted at trial, but Major League Baseball banned them from participating in baseball activities at any level. Attell denied having been involved in any talks about fixing the series and convinced the jury that the wrong Abe Attell was accused.

Attell died in New Paltz, New York, on February 7, 1970.

The Great Depression and beyond
Following the 1919 Major League Baseball gambling impropriety, which did much to taint a spectacular featherweight career, Attell lived a full and extraordinary life.

In 2017, McFarland & Company published the first comprehensive biography of Attell, The Fighting Times of Abe Attell, by author Mark Allen Baker.

Legacy and honors
Attell was inducted posthumously as a member of various halls of fame:

 * 1955, the Ring Boxing Hall of Fame
 * 1982, National Jewish Sports Hall of Fame;
 * 1983, the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame
 * 1981, World Boxing Hall of Fame.
 * 1985, San Francisco Boxing Hall of Fame;
 * 1990, first class of the International Boxing Hall of Fame
 * His record of 92 wins, 10 losses, 18 draws and 45 no-decisions, with 51 wins by knockout, earned him a place on the list of Ring Magazine: "Fighters with 50 or More Knockout Wins".

Professional boxing record
All information in this section is derived from BoxRec, unless otherwise stated.

Official record
All newspaper decisions are officially regarded as “no decision” bouts and are not counted in the win/loss/draw column.

Unofficial record
Record with the inclusion of newspaper decisions in the win/loss/draw column.

title: Abe Attell


text:
1984 in film

The following is an overview of events in 1984 in film, including the highest-grossing films, award ceremonies and festivals, a list of films released and notable deaths.

The year's highest-grossing film in the United States and Canada was Beverly Hills Cop. Ghostbusters overtook it, however, with a re-release the following year. It was the first time in five years that the top-grossing film did not involve George Lucas or Steven Spielberg although Spielberg directed and Lucas executive produced/co-wrote the third placed Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (the highest-grossing film worldwide that year); Spielberg also executive produced the fourth placed Gremlins.

U.S. box office grosses reached $4 billion for the first time and it was the first year that two films had returned over $100 million to their distributors with both Ghostbusters and Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom achieving this. Beverly Hills Cop made it three for films released in 1984 after its performance during 1985 took it to rentals of $108 million. Other popular films included The NeverEnding Story, which was the most expensive film produced in West Germany, The Karate Kid and Romancing the Stone. A high number of sci-fi/fantasy films were released in 1984.

United States
The top ten 1984 released films by box office gross in North America are as follows:

Events

 * February 15 - The Walt Disney Studios establishes Touchstone Pictures to release films with more mature subject matter than the traditional Walt Disney Pictures banner.
 * March 30 - Romancing the Stone is released and propels Michael Douglas, Kathleen Turner, and Danny DeVito and director Robert Zemeckis to super-stardom. The film also gave Zemeckis his first box office hit, which gave Universal Pictures confidence to allow him to direct his next film, Back to the Future.
 * April 6 - Tri-Star Pictures, a joint venture of Columbia Pictures, HBO, and CBS, releases its first film, Where the Boys Are '84.
 * May 4 - The first of the year's breakdancing musicals is released, Breakin'. It is soon followed by Beat Street and its sequel, Breakin' 2: Electric Boogaloo.
 * July 1 - The Motion Picture Association of America institutes the PG-13 rating, as a response to violent horror films such as Gremlins and Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom.
 * July 27 - Prince's first film Purple Rain is released.
 * August 25 - Ghostbusters becomes the biggest grossing comedy film of all time in the United States exceeding Tootsie $177.2 million going on to gross $229.2 million in its initial run. It is overtaken by Beverly Hills Cop in summer 1985 but regains the record after its re-release in August 1985. It also became the biggest grossing film released by Columbia Pictures.
 * September 22 - Michael Eisner leaves Paramount Pictures to become head of Walt Disney Productions, while Frank Wells became chief operating officer and Jeffrey Katzenberg was later named chairman.
 * October 8 - Ned Tanen becomes president of Paramount Pictures motion picture group.
 * December 5 - Beverly Hills Cop is released. It will go on to become the 6th highest-grossing film of all time in the U.S. at the time, the highest grossing comedy of all time at the time, as well as the highest grossing R-Rated film of all time, a record it would hold for 19 years.
 * December 14 - Dune is released after over a year of hype and anticipation.
 * Annie's Coming Out wins 3 Australian Film Institute Awards including the Australian Film Institute Award for Best Film.

Awards
Golden Raspberry Awards:
 * Worst Picture: Bolero
 * Worst Director: John Derek - Bolero
 * Worst Actor: Sylvester Stallone - Rhinestone
 * Worst Actress: Bo Derek - Bolero
 * Worst Supporting Actor: Brooke Shields (with a moustache) - Sahara
 * Worst Supporting Actress: Lynn-Holly Johnson - Where the Boys Are '84
 * Worst Screenplay: John Derek - Bolero

Palme d'Or (Cannes Film Festival):
 * Paris, Texas, directed by Wim Wenders, France / West Germany

Golden Lion (Venice Film Festival):
 * A Year of the Quiet Sun (Rok spokojnego slonca), directed by Krzysztof Zanussi, Poland

Golden Bear (Berlin Film Festival):
 * Love Streams, directed by John Cassavetes, United States

By country/region

 * List of American films of 1984
 * List of Argentine films of 1984
 * List of Australian films of 1984
 * List of Bangladeshi films of 1984
 * List of British films of 1984
 * List of Canadian films of 1984
 * List of French films of 1984
 * List of Hong Kong films of 1984
 * List of Indian films of 1984
 * List of Hindi films of 1984
 * List of Kannada films of 1984
 * List of Malayalam films of 1984
 * List of Marathi films of 1984
 * List of Tamil films of 1984
 * List of Telugu films of 1984
 * List of Japanese films of 1984
 * List of Mexican films of 1984
 * List of Pakistani films of 1984
 * List of South Korean films of 1984
 * List of Soviet films of 1984
 * List of Spanish films of 1984

By genre/medium

 * List of action films of 1984
 * List of animated feature films of 1984
 * List of avant-garde films of 1984
 * List of comedy films of 1984
 * List of drama films of 1984
 * List of horror films of 1984
 * List of science fiction films of 1984
 * List of thriller films of 1984
 * List of western films of 1984

Births

 * January 1 - Kollam Sudhi, Indian actor and comedian (d. 2023)
 * January 6
 * Priit Loog, Estonian actor
 * Kate McKinnon, American actress, comedian and writer
 * January 7 - Max Riemelt, German actor
 * January 8 - Steven Kanumba, Tanzanian actor and director (d. 2012)
 * January 12
 * Taraneh Alidoosti, Iranian actress
 * Sam Richardson, American actor, comedian, writer and producer
 * January 21 - Richard Gutierrez, Filipino actor and model
 * January 25 - Kaiji Tang, voice actor
 * January 31 – Michael Aloni, Israeli actor
 * February 1
 * Abbi Jacobson, American comedian, writer, actress and illustrator
 * Lee Thompson Young, American actor (d. 2013)
 * February 8 - Cecily Strong, American actress and comedian
 * February 12 - Alexandra Dahlström, Swedish actress
 * February 13 - Brina Palencia, voice actress
 * February 18 - Genelle Williams, Canadian actress
 * February 19 - Josh Trank, American director, screenwriter and editor
 * February 20 - Trevor Noah, South African comedian, writer, producer, actor and television host
 * February 21 - Karina, Japanese model and actress
 * February 24 - Nicholas Saputra, Indonesian actor
 * February 28 - Melanie Chandra, American actress
 * March 2
 * Blake Anderson, American actor, comedian, producer and screenwriter
 * John Bernecker, American stunt performer (d. 2017)
 * Ian Sinclair, voice actor
 * March 7 - Brandon T. Jackson, American stand-up comedian, rapper, actor, and writer
 * March 8 - Nora-Jane Noone, Irish actress
 * March 10 - Olivia Wilde, American actress
 * March 12 - Jaimie Alexander, American actress
 * March 13
 * Rachael Bella, retired American actress
 * Noel Fisher, Canadian actor
 * March 14 - Liesel Pritzker Simmons, American former actress
 * March 20 - Christy Carlson Romano, American stage and film actress and singer
 * March 25 - Katharine McPhee, American singer and actress
 * March 27
 * Emily Ann Lloyd, American actress
 * Jon Paul Steuer, American actor and musician (d. 2018)
 * April 2
 * Ashley Peldon, American actress
 * Shawn Roberts, Canadian actor
 * Deep Sidhu, Indian actor (d. 2022)
 * April 3 - Chrissie Fit, American actress and singer
 * April 4 - Carolina Gaitán, Colombian actress and singer
 * April 8
 * Taran Noah Smith, American actor
 * Kirsten Storms, American actress
 * April 10
 * Cara DeLizia, American actress
 * Mandy Moore, American singer-songwriter and actress
 * April 16 - Claire Foy, British actress
 * April 18 - America Ferrera, American actress
 * April 25 - Jillian Bell, American comedian, actress and screenwriter
 * April 26 - Ryan O'Donohue, American actor
 * April 28 - Ana Cruz Kayne, American actress
 * April 29 - Firass Dirani, Australian actor
 * May 1 - Kerry Bishe, American actress
 * May 12 - Emily Beecham, British actress
 * May 13 - Hannah New, English actress
 * May 14 - Olly Murs, English singer-songwriter, presenter, voice actor and director
 * May 17
 * Alejandro Edda, Mexican-American actor
 * Lena Waithe, American actress, producer and screenwriter
 * May 21 - Marnie Schulenburg, American actress (d. 2022)
 * May 23 - Adam Wylie, American actor
 * May 29 - Kaycee Stroh, American actress and singer
 * May 30 - DeWanda Wise, American actress
 * June 1 - Taylor Handley, American actor
 * June 5 - Joel Smallbone, Australian-American singer and actor
 * June 10 - Betsy Sodaro, American actress
 * June 13 - Phillip Van Dyke, American actor
 * June 15 - Ray Santiago, American actor
 * June 19 - Paul Dano, American actor
 * June 21 - Shiv Panditt, Indian actor and television host
 * June 24 - Lucien Dodge, voice actor
 * June 26
 * Aubrey Plaza, American actress, comedian and producer
 * Wen Zhang, Chinese actor
 * June 29 - Carla Medina, Mexican singer, actress and television host
 * June 30 - Fantasia Barrino, American singer and actress
 * July 1
 * Jared Keeso, Canadian actor
 * Cyron Melville, Danish actor and musician
 * July 2 - Vanessa Lee Chester, American actress
 * July 7 - Ross Malinger, American actor
 * July 9 - Hanna R. Hall, American actress
 * July 10 - Aviva Baumann, American actress
 * July 11
 * Serinda Swan, Canadian actress
 * Rachael Taylor, Australian actress
 * July 12 - Mikaela Hoover, American actress
 * July 14 - Britta Soll, Estonian actress
 * July 17 - Mary Nighy, English actress and filmmaker
 * July 19
 * Kaitlin Doubleday, American actress
 * Alessandra De Rossi, Filipina actress
 * Andrea Libman, Canadian actress, voice actress, pianist, and singer
 * July 20 - Jacky Heung, Hong Kong actor
 * July 25 - Zawe Ashton, English actress, playwright, director and narrator
 * July 27
 * Taylor Schilling, American actress
 * Kenny Wormald, American actor
 * July 28 - John David Washington, American actor and producer
 * July 29 - J. Madison Wright Morris, American actress (d. 2006)
 * July 30
 * Gina Rodriguez, American actress and director
 * Gabrielle Christian, American actress and singer
 * August 3
 * Jon Foster, American actor and musician
 * Kyle Schmid, Canadian actor
 * August 7 – Hsu Wei-ning, Taiwanese actress and model
 * August 10 – Mariel Rodriguez, Filipina actress and model
 * August 12 – Marian Rivera, Filipino actress
 * August 15 - Quinton Aaron, American actor
 * August 19 - Simon Bird, English actor, director and comedian
 * August 28 – Him Law, Hong Kong actor
 * September 3
 * Garrett Hedlund, American actor
 * Paz de la Huerta, American actress and model
 * September 4 - Kyle Mooney, American actor, comedian and writer
 * September 5 - Annabelle Wallis, English actress
 * September 10 - Luke Treadaway, British actor and singer
 * September 14
 * Adam Lamberg, American actor
 * Ayushmann Khurrana, Indian actor
 * September 17 - Mark Shandii Bacolod, Filipino director and producer (d. 2022)
 * September 18
 * Nina Arianda, American actress
 * Babs Olusanmokun, Nigerian-American actor
 * September 19
 * Lydia Hearst, American actress and model
 * Kevin Zegers, Canadian actor and model
 * September 21 - Ahna O'Reilly, American actress
 * September 22 - Laura Vandervoort, Canadian actress
 * September 22 - Jordan Vogt-Roberts, American film director
 * September 23 - Anneliese van der Pol, Dutch-American actress and singer
 * September 25 - Zach Woods, American actor and comedian
 * September 27 - Avril Lavigne, Canadian singer-songwriter
 * October 1 - Beck Bennett, American actor, comedian and writer
 * October 2 - John Morris, American actor
 * October 3
 * Chris Marquette, American actor
 * Ashlee Simpson, American actress and singer
 * October 4 - Will Theakston, former English actor
 * October 5
 * Tiana Benjamin, English actress
 * Nathalie Kelley, Peruvian actress
 * Yelena Velikanova, Russian actress
 * October 7 - Andy Bean, American actor
 * October 10 - Chiaki Kuriyama, Japanese actress and singer
 * October 11 - Martha MacIsaac, Canadian actress
 * October 14 - Jason Davis, American actor (d. 2020)
 * October 17 - Chris Lowell, American actor
 * October 18
 * Tod Fennell, Canadian actor
 * Freida Pinto, Indian actress
 * October 25 - Katy Perry, American singer-songwriter and actress
 * October 27
 * Kelly Osbourne, English actress and singer
 * Emilie Ullerup, Danish actress
 * October 28 - Finn Wittrock, American actor and screenwriter
 * November 1 - Natalia Tena, English actress and musician
 * November 6 - Patina Miller, American actress and singer
 * November 10
 * Britt Irvin, Canadian actress and voice artist
 * Naoki Kobayashi, Japanese actor and singer
 * November 13
 * Sarah Rose Karr, American former child actress
 * Slavko Sobin, Crotian actor
 * November 15 - Asia Kate Dillon, American actor
 * November 16 - Kimberly J. Brown, American actress
 * November 17 - Lauren Maltby, American actress
 * November 18 - Nayanthara, Indian actress
 * November 21
 * Lindsey Haun, American actress and singer
 * Jena Malone, American actress
 * November 22 - Scarlett Johansson, American actress
 * November 23 - Lucas Grabeel, American actor and singer
 * November 24 - Max Bennett, English actor
 * November 25 - Gaspard Ulliel, French actor (d. 2022)
 * November 28
 * Mary Elizabeth Winstead, American actress
 * Trey Songz, American singer and actor
 * November 30 - Lydia Wilson, English-American actress
 * December 5
 * Ryan Binse, American film producer
 * Lauren London, American actress
 * December 11 - Sandra Echeverría, Mexican actress and singer
 * December 14 - Jackson Rathbone, American actor, singer and musician
 * December 16 - Theo James, English actor and producer
 * December 17 - Tennessee Thomas, British drummer and actress
 * December 19 - Ankita Lokhande, Indian actress
 * December 23 - Alison Sudol, American actress, singer and songwriter
 * December 24 - Austin Stowell, American actor
 * December 25
 * Mike Rianda, American cartoonist, director, screenwriter and voice actor
 * Georgia Tennant, English actress
 * December 29 - Chris Pang, Australian actor and producer

title: 1984 in film