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James Wright (poet)

James Arlington Wright (December 13, 1927 – March 25, 1980) was an American poet.

Life
James Wright was born and spent his childhood in Martins Ferry, Ohio. His father worked in a glass factory, and his mother in a laundry. Neither parent had received more than an eighth grade education. Wright suffered a nervous breakdown in 1943, and he graduated a year late from high school, in 1946.

After graduating from high school, Wright enlisted in the U.S. Army and participated in the occupation of Japan. Following his discharge, he attended Kenyon College on the GI Bill, studied with John Crowe Ransom, and published poems in the Kenyon Review. He graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1952. That year, Wright married Liberty Kardules, another Martins Ferry native. Wright subsequently spent a year in Vienna on a Fulbright Fellowship, returning to the U.S. where he obtained a master's and a Ph.D. at the University of Washington, studying with Theodore Roethke and Stanley Kunitz. Wright first emerged on the literary scene in 1956 with The Green Wall, a collection of formalist verse that was awarded the prestigious Yale Younger Poets Prize. By the early 1960s, increasingly influenced by the Spanish language surrealists, Wright had dropped fixed meters. His transformation achieved its maximum expression with the publication of the seminal The Branch Will Not Break (1963), which positioned Wright as curious counterpoint to the Beats and New York School and aligned him more with emergent Midwestern neo-surrealist and deep image poetics.

This transformation had not come by accident, as Wright had been working for years with his friend Robert Bly, collaborating on the translation of world poets in the influential magazine The Fifties (later The Sixties). Such influences fertilized Wright's unique perspective and helped put the Midwest back on the poetic map.

Wright had discovered a terse, imagistic, free verse of clarity, and power. During the next ten years Wright would go on to pen some of the most beloved and frequently anthologized masterpieces of the century, such as "A Blessing," "Autumn Begins in Martins Ferry, Ohio," and "I Am a Sioux Indian Brave, He Said to Me in Minneapolis."

Wright's son Franz Wright was also a poet; Franz won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 2004. Together, James and Franz are the only parent/child pair to have won a Pulitzer Prize in the same category.

Wright was a lifelong smoker, and was diagnosed in late 1979 with cancer of the tongue. He died a few months later in Calvary Hospital in the Bronx. His last book of new poems, This Journey, was published posthumously by Random House.

Poetry
Wright's early poetry is relatively conventional in form and meter, especially compared with his later, looser poetry. Although most of his fame comes from his original poetry, Wright made a contribution to another area of literary modernism: the translation.

His work with translations of German and South American poets, as well as the poetry and aesthetic position of Robert Bly, had considerable influence on his own poems; this is most evident in The Branch Will Not Break, which departs radically from the formal style of Wright's previous book, Saint Judas.  In addition to his own poetry, he also published loose translations of René Char's hermetic poems.

His poetry often deals with the disenfranchised, or the American outsider. Wright suffered from depression and bipolar mood disorders and also battled alcoholism his entire life. He experienced several nervous breakdowns, was hospitalized, and was subjected to electroshock therapy.

His dark moods and focus on emotional suffering were part of his life and often the focus of his poetry, although given the emotional turmoil he experienced personally, his poems can be optimistic in expressing a faith in life and human transcendence. In The Branch Will Not Break, the enduring human spirit becomes thematic. Nevertheless, the last line of his poem "Lying in a Hammock at William Duffy's Farm in Pine Island, Minnesota" famously reads, "I have wasted my life."

Technically, Wright was an innovator, especially in the use of his titles, first lines, and last lines, which he used to great dramatic effect in defense of the lives of the disenfranchised. He is equally well known for his tender depictions of the bleak landscapes of the post-industrial American Midwest.

Influence and awards
His 1972 Collected Poems won the Pulitzer Prize. In addition to his other awards, Wright received a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation.

Since his death, Wright has developed a cult following, transforming him into a seminal writer of significant influence. Fellow Pulitzer prize for poetry winner Mary Oliver wrote "Three Poems for James Wright" upon his death, and hundreds of writers gathered annually for decades to pay tribute at the James Wright Poetry Festival held from 1981 through 2007 in Martins Ferry.

Published in his lifetime
Unless otherwise noted, year is when published:
 * The Green Wall (Yale University Press, 1957)
 * Saint Judas (Wesleyan University Press, 1959)
 * The Branch Will Not Break (Wesleyan University Press, 1963)
 * Autumn Begins in Martins Ferry, Ohio—Broadside (1963)
 * Shall We Gather at the River (Wesleyan University Press, 1967)
 * Collected Poems (Wesleyan University Press, 1971)
 * Two Citizens (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1973)
 * Moments of the Italian Summer (Dryad Press, 1976)
 * To a Blossoming Pear Tree (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1977)

Published posthumously

 * This Journey (1982; completed in 1980)
 * The Temple at Nîmes (1982)
 * James Wright, In Defense Against This Exile. Letters To Wayne Burns., edited with an introduction by John R. Doheny (1985)
 * Above the River, The Complete Poems, introduction by Donald Hall (Noonday Press, University Press of New England, and Wesleyan University Press, 1990)
 * Selected Poems (2005)
 * A Wild Perfection: The Selected Letters of James Wright (2005)
 * The Delicacy and Strength of Lace: Letters Between Leslie Marmon Silko and James Wright., edited by Anne Wright and Joy Harjo (2009)

title: James Wright (poet)


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Talk:Jackson, Wyoming

Vert?
"Snow King Resort has one of the steepest verts and is one of the few night-lit resorts in the nation." This sentence is confusing to me, probably because I don't know what a 'vert' is. It appears to be referring to a ski resort, so shouldn't it say "night-lit ski resort"? Also "one of the few" needs some sort of supporting reference, especially since there's a page Night skiing which, to me, implies that it isn't that rare. Also "directly in the center of town" is a stretch since it's on the South edge. Bill Smith (talk) 02:45, 5 October 2008 (UTC)

Hole?
Is this supposed to be Jackson Hole, Wyoming? (sometimes the rambot and/or the census data don't like two-name towns)
 * No. There is no town of Jackson Hole.  Jackson Hole is the name of the valley; Jackson is the town.  --NoPetrol 02:41, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Should there be a history section on this page?

Jackson Hole, Wyoming is not technically the town name but almost everyone that lives there calls it that. I've never really heard after living there for 20 years that Jackson Hole is just the name of the valley even though the town itself does sit in a hole-like valley.
 * Thats not my experience - I graduated from high school in Jackson, and nearly everybody I know calls the town, Jackson, and uses the correct names for the surrounding areas "I live in the Village / Wilson / Moose, etc.." I don't want to speak for all locals, but it was always my practice to "gently" correct tourists and newcomers that used the name incorrectly.  In my experience, Jackson Hole is only ever used to refer to the whole valley (or at least the part south of the park) for the benefit of the tourists.  The way Wikipedia handles it is correct, in my opinion, since the incorporated name of the town is Jackson, Wyoming, and the article links directly to Jackson Hole in the first sentence and Jackson Hole reciprocates in its description of the valley, so searches for both terms will get you to the right place. - CosmicPenguin (Talk) 17:11, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

Introduction
Does the comment about the barbed wire really belong as the first fact about Jackson? It seems to me the introduction should offer its status as a popular tourist destination as the most important part, not some kitchy attraction (which I have never seen when visiting the Jackson Hole area several times). Jpp42 09:31, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

Good point. Jackson has a lot to offer. Barbed wire has its enthusiasts, but perhaps this isn't the most appropriate lead.--Pearrari 23:48, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

Jackson Hole Film Festival
Does anyone want to start the article for the Jackson Hole Film Festival? 199.200.243.253 (talk) 22:25, 28 December 2007 (UTC)

Jackson Hole annual economic summit
Since 1978, the Kansas City Federal Reserve Bank has held an annual economic summit at Jackson (Hole)that is globally known as the "Jackson Hole Economic Summit". This event is annually a major news item followed by the financial markets across the wbole globe and not mentioned at all, as it should be, along with details of that summit, as the local location, hotel/resort where it is held, along with photos. huangdi, emp of chinon, china CINCU Leto MCM !!69.121.221.97 (talk) 02:40, 22 August 2011 (UTC)!!

I agree, the Jackson Hole Economic Policy Symposium attracts World bankers, perhaps it should have a page to itself but anyway it should certainly be mentioned in an article about Jackson. I will add it now. 51.6.235.50 (talk) 21:33, 28 August 2021 (UTC)

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A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
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 * Flag of Teton County, Wyoming.gif

Precipitation
It says that Jackson "gets considerably more precipitation . . . than the majority of Wyoming". But Jackson averages 16.78 inches annually while the state of Wyoming averages 12.9 inches. Is that really considerable? 75.169.139.14 (talk) 19:55, 20 June 2020 (UTC)

Adding Frederick Forsyth to 'Popular Culture'
Frederick Forsyth sets certain, quite sigificant sections of his novel, Icon, in the area of Jackson Hole. I was going to unilaterally add it to the 'Popular Culture' section, but decided that would be against editing guidelines. What's my source? The novel itselsf - I've only read the damn thing half a dozen times already... Noble Korhedron (talk) 01:48, 10 June 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Jackson, Wyoming


text:
Piper PA-32 Cherokee Six

The Piper PA-32 Cherokee Six is a series of single-engine, fixed landing gear, light aircraft manufactured in the United States by Piper Aircraft between 1965 and 2007.

The PA-32 is used around the world for private transportation, air taxi services, bush support, and medevac flights.

Development
The PA-32 series was developed to meet a requirement for a larger aircraft than the four-seat Piper PA-28 Cherokee. The first prototype PA-32 made its initial flight on December 6, 1963, with the type being publicly announced in October 1964, with Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) type certification following on March 4, 1965. The first production aircraft was the 260 hp PA32-260 Cherokee Six, a significantly modified six-seat (or seven-seat) development of the PA-28 Cherokee.

The Cherokee Six and its successors feature a baggage compartment in the nose between the cockpit and the engine compartment and a large double door in the back for easy loading of passengers and cargo.

PA-32-300
On 27 May 1966, Piper obtained FAA type certification for a 300 hp version, designated as the PA-32-300. It was offered by the company as a 1967 model.

PA-32R
The 1975 addition of retractable landing gear resulted in the first of the PA-32R series, the Piper Lance. This was the earliest aircraft in the Piper Saratoga family, Piper's luxury, high-performance single line.

Piper's transition to tapered wings for the Cherokee series resulted in a new wing for the PA-32 series, as well. The tapered-wing version of the Cherokee Six was named the Saratoga and debuted in 1980.

Piper 6X
After the General Aviation Revitalization Act of 1994, production of the retractable-gear Saratoga resumed in 1995. A fixed-gear PA-32 was reintroduced in 2003 as the Piper 6X and the turbocharged 6XT. Sales of the 6X and 6XT models did not meet expectations and production ceased in late 2007.

PA-34 prototype
Piper built a prototype PA-32-260 with IO-360 engines mounted on the wings. The trimotor aircraft was the proof-of-concept aircraft for the twin-engined, retractable-gear version of the Cherokee Six, the PA-34 Seneca.

Variants

 * PA-32-250 Cherokee Six
 * Prototype with 250hp Lycoming O-540 engine, two built

 * Production variant with a 260hp Lycoming O-540-E4B5 engine
 * Production variant with a 260hp Lycoming O-540-E4B5 engine

 * PA-32-260 Cherokee Six B
 * 1969 model with increased cabin space

 * PA-32-260 Cherokee Six C
 * 1970 model with minor changes

 * PA-32-260 Cherokee Six D
 * 1971 model with minor changes

 * PA-32-260 Cherokee Six E
 * 1972 model with interior and instrument panel changes (note model letters not used after 1972)

 * PA-32-300 Cherokee Six
 * Variant with a 300hp Lycoming IO-540-K1A5 engine, named the Piper Six 300 after 1979

 * PA-32-300 Cherokee Six B
 * 1969 model with instrument panel changes, engine changed to IO-540-K1G5

 * PA-32-300 Cherokee Six C
 * 1970 model

 * PA-32-300 Cherokee Six D
 * 1971 model

 * PA-32-300 Cherokee Six E
 * 1972 model (note model letters not used after 1972)

 * PA-32-300LD
 * Experimental low-drag variant for increased fuel efficiency, one built

 * PA-32S-300
 * Factory built on floats, only a small number were made.

 * Variant from 1980 with a 300hp Lycoming IO-540-K1G5 engine
 * Variant from 1980 with a 300hp Lycoming IO-540-K1G5 engine

 * PA-32-301T Turbo Saratoga
 * Saratoga with a turbocharged Lycoming TIO-540-S1AD engine and revised cowling

 * PA-32-3M
 * PA-32 prototype modified as a three-engined aircraft with two 115-hp Lycoming O-235 engines fitted to the wings, for development of the PA-34 Seneca

 * Embraer EMB-720C Minuano
 * Brazilian license-built version of PA-32-300 Cherokee Six.

 * Embraer EMB-720D Minuano
 * Brazilian license-built version of PA-32-301 Saratoga Fixed Gear version. Production by Embraer and its subsidiary Indústria Aeronáutica Neiva.

 * Embraer EMB-721C Sertanejo
 * Brazilian license-built version of PA-32R-301 Lance.

 * Embraer EMB-721D Sertanejo
 * Brazilian license-built version of PA-32R-301 Saratoga Retractable Gear version. Production by Embraer and its subsidiary Neiva.

title: Piper PA-32 Cherokee Six


text:
Warhol worm

A Warhol worm is a computer worm that spreads as fast as physically possible, infecting all vulnerable machines on the entire Internet in 15 minutes or less. The term is based on the claim that "in the future, everyone will have 15 minutes of fame", which has been misattributed to Andy Warhol. A 2002 paper presented at the 11th USENIX Security Symposium proposed designs for better worms, such as a "flash worm" that identifies a hit-list of vulnerable targets before attacking.

In 2003, SQL Slammer became the first observed example of a Warhol worm. The mechanism of SQL Slammer's spread used a pseudo-random number generator seeded from a system variable to determine which IP addresses to attack next for a rapid, unpredictable spread.

According to an analysis of the SQL Slammer outbreak by the Center for Applied Internet Data Analysis (CAIDA), its growth followed an exponential curve with a doubling time of 8.5 seconds in the early phases of the attack, which was only slowed by the collapse of many networks because of the denial of service attack caused by SQL Slammer's traffic. 90% of all vulnerable machines were infected within 10 minutes, showing that the original estimate for infection speed was roughly correct.

title: Warhol worm


text:
The Man Who Fell to Earth (novel)

The Man Who Fell to Earth is a 1963 science fiction novel by American author Walter Tevis, about an extraterrestrial who lands on Earth seeking a way to ferry his people to Earth from his home planet, which is suffering from a severe drought. The novel served as the basis for the 1976 film by Nicolas Roeg as well as a 1987 television adaptation and a 2022 television series.

Plot summary
Thomas Jerome Newton is a humanoid alien who comes to Earth seeking to construct a spaceship to ferry others from his home planet, Anthea, to Earth. Anthea is experiencing a terrible drought after many nuclear wars, and the population has dwindled to fewer than 300. Their own starships are unusable for lack of fuel and 500 years of neglect. The Antheans have no water, a supply of food that is slowly dwindling, and feeble solar power. Like all Antheans, Newton is super-intelligent, but he has been selected for this mission because he has the physical strength necessary to function in Earth's hotter climate and higher gravity.

Arriving at Earth in a lifeboat, Newton first lands in the state of Kentucky. He quickly becomes familiar with the environment and forms a plan. Using advanced technology from his home planet, Newton patents many inventions, and amasses incredible wealth as the head of a technology-based conglomerate. He plans to use this wealth to construct space vehicles for the rest of the Anthean population.

Along the way he meets Betty Jo, who falls in love with him. He does not return these feelings, but takes her and his curious fuel-technician Nathan Bryce as his friends, while he runs his company in the shadows. Betty Jo introduces Newton to many Earth customs, such as church, fashion, and alcohol. However, his appetite for alcohol soon leads to problems, as he begins to experience intense emotions unfamiliar to Antheans.

Eventually, Newton's alien nature is discovered by Nathan Bryce, and it comes as a relief to Newton to be able to reveal his secret to someone. He expresses the hope that the Antheans he will ferry to Earth will flourish and use their superior intelligence to help Earth achieve peace, prosperity, and safety.

However, the CIA arrests Newton, having followed him since his appearance on Earth and having recorded this private conversation with Bryce. They submit him to rigorous tests and analysis, resulting in conclusive evidence of his alien identity, but decide not to release the results for fear they would simply not be believed, and possibly even embarrass the government. Newton is released, but is immediately arrested by the FBI, which begins its own examinations. Their final examination is an X-ray of Newton's skull, through his eyes. Newton, whose eyes are sensitive to X-rays, is unable to stop them and is blinded. The story of Newton's blinding becomes a public scandal, but he does not pursue retaliation against the government and is left alone in turn and relies on alcohol to cope with depression.

Newton, speaking to Bryce for the last time, explains bitterly that he is unable to continue his spaceship project because of his blindness and because of planetary alignments which have changed during his captivity. He records a message which he hopes to broadcast via radio to his home planet. Bryce leaves Newton to drink alone.

Critical reception
James Sallis declared that The Man Who Fell to Earth was "among the finest science fiction novels," saying "Just beneath the surface it might be read as a parable of the Fifties and of the Cold War. Beneath that as an evocation of existential loneliness, a Christian fable, a parable of the artist. Above all, perhaps, as the wisest, truest representation of alcoholism ever written."

1987 television film
A made-for-television film of The Man Who Fell to Earth was first broadcast in the United States by ABC on August 23, 1987. Directed by Bobby Roth, the film was produced by MGM and was the pilot for an uncommissioned TV series. In this version, the alien (played by Lewis Smith) is renamed "John Dory" and forms a relationship with a woman, Eva Miller (Beverly D'Angelo), and her son, Billy (Wil Wheaton), a relationship similar to that of Klaatu, Helen Benson and her son Bobby in the 1951 film The Day the Earth Stood Still. Other cast members include James Laurenson as businessman Felix Hawthorne, and Robert Picardo as government agent Richard Morse.

Television series
On August 1, 2019, it was announced that CBS All Access (later Paramount+) had given a series order to a television series adaptation of the novel. Developed by Alex Kurtzman, the series was to be a reimagining of Tevis' novel, following an alien who arrives on Earth at a turning point of human evolution. He confronts his past as he introduces new technology to evolve mankind while dealing with its consequences. On March 17, 2021, the series was moved from Paramount+ to Showtime. The series, which stars Chiwetel Ejiofor and Naomie Harris, premiered on April 24, 2022.

title: The Man Who Fell to Earth (novel)


text:
Anne Sexton

Anne Sexton (born Anne Gray Harvey; November 9, 1928 – October 4, 1974) was an American poet known for her highly personal, confessional verse. She won the Pulitzer Prize for poetry in 1967 for her book Live or Die. Her poetry details her long battle with bipolar disorder, suicidal tendencies, and intimate details from her private life, including relationships with her husband and children, whom it was later alleged she physically and sexually assaulted.

Early life and family
Anne Sexton was born Anne Gray Harvey in Newton, Massachusetts to Mary Gray (Staples) Harvey (1901–1959) and Ralph Churchill Harvey (1900–1959). She had two older sisters, Jane Elizabeth (Harvey) Jealous (1923–1983) and Blanche Dingley (Harvey) Taylor (1925–2011). She spent most of her childhood in Boston. In 1945 she enrolled at Rogers Hall boarding school in Lowell, Massachusetts, later spending a year at Garland School. For a time she modeled for Boston's Hart Agency. On August 16, 1948, she married Alfred Muller Sexton II and they remained together until 1973. Sexton had her first child, Linda Gray Sexton, in 1953. Her second child, Joyce Ladd Sexton, was born two years later.

Poetry
Sexton suffered from severe bipolar disorder for much of her life, her first manic episode taking place in 1954. After a second episode in 1955 she met Dr. Martin Orne, who became her long-term therapist at the Glenside Hospital. It was Orne who encouraged her to write poetry.

The first poetry workshop she attended was led by John Holmes. Sexton felt great trepidation about registering for the class, asking a friend to make the phone call and accompany her to the first session. She found early acclaim with her poems; a number were accepted by The New Yorker, Harper's Magazine and the Saturday Review. Sexton later studied with Robert Lowell at Boston University alongside poets Sylvia Plath and George Starbuck.

Sexton later paid homage to her friendship with Plath in the 1963 poem "Sylvia's Death". Her first volume of poetry, To Bedlam and Part Way Back, was published in 1960, and included the poem "Her Kind", which uses the persecution of witches as an analogy for the oppression of women in a patriarchal society.

Sexton's poetic career was encouraged by her mentor W. D. Snodgrass, whom she met at the Antioch Writer's Conference in 1957. His poem "Heart's Needle" proved inspirational for her in its theme of separation from his three-year-old daughter. Sexton first read the poem at a time when her own young daughter was living with her mother-in-law. She, in turn, wrote "The Double Image", a poem which explores the multi-generational relationship between mother and daughter. Sexton began writing letters to Snodgrass and they became friends.

While working with John Holmes, Sexton encountered Maxine Kumin. They became good friends and remained so for the rest of Sexton's life. Kumin and Sexton rigorously critiqued each other's work and wrote four children's books together. In the late 1960s, the manic elements of Sexton's illness began to affect her career, though she still wrote and published work and gave readings of her poetry. She collaborated with musicians, forming a jazz-rock group called Her Kind that added music to her poetry. Her play Mercy Street, starring Marian Seldes, was produced in 1969 after several years of revisions. Sexton also collaborated with the artist Barbara Swan, who illustrated several of her books.

Within 12 years of writing her first sonnet, she was among the most honored poets in the U.S.: a Pulitzer Prize winner, a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and the first female member of the Harvard chapter of Phi Beta Kappa.

Death
On October 4, 1974, Sexton had lunch with Kumin to revise galleys for Sexton's manuscript of The Awful Rowing Toward God, scheduled for publication in March 1975 (Middlebrook 396).

In an interview over a year before her death, she explained she had written the first drafts of The Awful Rowing Toward God in 20 days with "two days out for despair and three days out in a mental hospital." She went on to say that she would not allow the poems to be published before her death.

Her funeral was at St. Paul's Church in Dedham, Massachusetts. She is buried at Forest Hills Cemetery & Crematory in Jamaica Plain, Boston, Massachusetts.

Content and themes of work
Sexton is seen as the modern model of the confessional poet due to the intimate and emotional content of her poetry. Sexton often wrote and disclosed her struggles with mental illness through her work. Sexton included numerous topics which were then regarded as obscene and repulsive, especially for women to talk about publicly at the time. Maxine Kumin described Sexton's work: "She wrote openly about menstruation, abortion, masturbation, incest, adultery, and drug addiction at a time when the proprieties embraced none of these as proper topics for poetry."

Sexton's work towards the end of the 1960s has been criticized as "preening, lazy and flip" by otherwise respectful critics. Some critics regard her dependence on alcohol as compromising her last work. However, other critics see Sexton as a poet whose writing matured over time. "Starting as a relatively conventional writer, she learned to roughen up her line ... to use as an instrument against the 'politesse' of language, politics, religion [and] sex."

Her eighth collection of poetry is entitled The Awful Rowing Toward God. The title came from her meeting with a Roman Catholic priest who, unwilling to administer last rites, told her "God is in your typewriter." This gave the poet the desire and willpower to continue living and writing. The Awful Rowing Toward God and The Death Notebooks are among her final works, and both center on the theme of dying.

Her work started out as being about herself, however as her career progressed she made periodic attempts to reach outside the realm of her own life for poetic themes. Transformations (1971), which is a re-visionary re-telling of Grimm's Fairy Tales, is one such book.

(Transformations was used as the libretto for the 1973 opera of the same name by American composer Conrad Susa.) Later she used Christopher Smart's Jubilate Agno and the Bible as the basis for some of her work.

Much has been made of the tangled threads of her writing, her life and her depression, much in the same way as with Sylvia Plath's suicide in 1963. Robert Lowell, Adrienne Rich and Denise Levertov commented in separate obituaries on the role of creativity in Sexton's death. Levertov says, "We who are alive must make clear, as she could not, the distinction between creativity and self-destruction."

Subsequent controversy
Following one of many suicide attempts and manic or depressive episodes, Sexton worked with therapist Martin Orne. He diagnosed her with what is now described as bipolar disorder, but his competence to do so is called into question by his early use of allegedly unsound psychotherapeutic techniques. During sessions with Sexton, he used hypnosis and sodium pentothal to recover supposedly repressed memories. During this process, he allegedly used suggestion to uncover memories of having been abused by her father. This abuse was disputed in interviews with her mother and other relatives.

Orne wrote that hypnosis in an adult frequently does not present accurate memories of childhood; instead, "adults under hypnosis are not literally reliving their early childhoods but presenting them through the prisms of adulthood." According to Orne, Sexton was extremely suggestible and would mimic the symptoms of the patients around her in the mental hospitals to which she was committed. Diane Middlebrook's biography states that a separate personality named Elizabeth emerged in Sexton while under hypnosis. Orne did not encourage this development and subsequently this "alternate personality" disappeared. Orne eventually concluded that Anne Sexton was suffering from hysteria.

During the writing of the Middlebrook biography, her daughter, Linda Gray Sexton, stated that she had been sexually assaulted by her mother. In 1994, she published her autobiography Searching for Mercy Street: My Journey Back to My Mother, Anne Sexton, which includes her own accounts of the abuse.

Middlebrook published her controversial biography of Anne Sexton with the approval of daughter Linda, Anne's literary executor. For use in the biography, Orne had given Diane Middlebrook most of the tapes recording the therapy sessions between Orne and Anne Sexton. The use of these tapes was met with, as The New York Times put it, "thunderous condemnation". Middlebrook received the tapes after she had written a substantial amount of the first draft of Sexton's biography, and decided to start over. Although Linda Gray Sexton collaborated with the Middlebrook biography, other members of the Sexton family were divided over the book, publishing several editorials and op-ed pieces in The New York Times and The New York Times Book Review.

Controversy continued with the posthumous public release of the tapes (which had been subject to doctor-patient confidentiality). They are said to reveal Sexton's molestation of her daughter Linda, her physically violent behavior toward both her daughters, and her physical altercations with her husband.

Further controversy surrounds allegations that she had an "affair with" the therapist who replaced Orne in the 1960s.

No action was taken to censure or discipline the second therapist. Orne considered the "affair" with the second therapist (given the pseudonym "Ollie Zweizung" by Middlebrook and Linda Sexton) to be the catalyst that eventually resulted in her suicide.

Legacy
Peter Gabriel dedicated his song "Mercy Street" (named for her play Mercy Street and inspired by his reading of her poem "45 Mercy Street") from his 1986 album So to Sexton. She has been described as a "personal touchstone" for Morrissey, former lead singer and lyricist of The Smiths. She is commemorated on the Boston Women's Heritage Trail.

Poetry

 * To Bedlam and Part Way Back (1960)
 * All My Pretty Ones (1962)
 * Live or Die (1966)
 * Love Poems (1969)
 * Transformations (1971)
 * The Book of Folly (1972)
 * The Death Notebooks (1974)
 * The Awful Rowing Toward God (1975)
 * 45 Mercy Street (1976)
 * Words for Dr. Y.: Uncollected Poems (1978)
 * The Complete Poems: Anne Sexton (1981)

Prose

 * Anne Sexton: A Self-Portrait in Letters (1977)

title: Anne Sexton


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Kurmangazy Sagyrbaev

Kurmangazy Sagyrbaev (Құрманғазы Сағырбайұлы, Qūrmanğazy Sağyrbaiūly; 1823–1896) was a Kazakh composer, instrumentalist (kobyz, dombra), and folk artist. He influenced Kazakh musical culture. He was born in 1818 in the Bukey Horde (now Zhanakala District, West Kazakhstan Region). He is buried in the Astrakhan region of Lower Volga in today's Russian Federation.

Legacy
Altynzhar Mavzolej Kurmangazi.jpg In 1993, Sagyrbaev's image has been used on the 5 Kazakhstani tenge banknote, and on a Khazakh stamp in 1998.

The Kazakh National Conservatory is officially named after Kurmangazy.

title: Kurmangazy Sagyrbaev


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Richard Powers

Richard Powers (born June 18, 1957) is an American novelist whose works explore the effects of modern science and technology. His novel The Echo Maker won the 2006 National Book Award for Fiction. He has also won many other awards over the course of his career, including a MacArthur Fellowship. As of 2023, Powers has published thirteen novels and has taught at the University of Illinois and Stanford University. He won the 2019 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for The Overstory.

Early life
One of five children, Powers was born in Evanston, Illinois. His family later moved a few miles west to Lincolnwood, where his father was a local school principal. When Powers was 11, they moved to Bangkok, Thailand, where his father had accepted a position at International School Bangkok, which Powers attended through his freshman year, ending in 1972. During that time outside the U.S., he developed skills in vocal music and proficiency in cello, guitar, saxophone, and clarinet. He also became an avid reader, enjoying nonfiction primarily and classics such as the Iliad and the Odyssey.

The family returned to the U.S. when Powers was 16. Following graduation in 1975 from DeKalb High School in DeKalb, Illinois, he enrolled at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign (UIUC) with a major in physics, which he switched to English literature during his first semester. He earned a BA in 1978 and an MA in Literature in 1980. He decided not to pursue a PhD partly because of his aversion to strict specialization, which had been one reason for his early transfer from physics to English, and partially because he had observed in graduate students and their professors a lack of pleasure in reading and writing (as portrayed in Galatea 2.2).

Professorships and awards
In 2010 and 2013, Powers was a Stein Visiting Writer at Stanford University, during which time he partly assisted in the lab of biochemist Aaron Straight.

Powers was named a MacArthur Fellow in 1989. He received a Lannan Literary Award in 1999.

Powers was appointed the Swanlund Professor of English at UIUC in 1996, where he is currently an emeritus professor.

On August 22, 2013, Stanford University announced that Powers had been named the Phil and Penny Knight Professor of Creative Writing in the Department of English.

Novels
Powers learned computer programming at Illinois as a user of PLATO and moved to Boston to work as a programmer. One Saturday in 1980, Powers saw the 1914 photograph "Young Farmers" by August Sander at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston and was so inspired that he quit his job two days later to write a novel about the people in the photograph. Powers spent the next two years writing the book, Three Farmers on Their Way to a Dance, which was published by William Morrow in 1985. It comprises three alternating threads: a novella featuring the three young men in the photo during World War I, a technology magazine editor who is obsessed with the photo, and the author's critical and historical musings about the mechanics of photography and the life of Henry Ford. It was a National Book Critics Circle Award finalist, and received Rosenthal Award from the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters. It also received a Special Citation from PEN Hemingway Awards.

Powers moved to the Netherlands, where he wrote Prisoner's Dilemma about The Walt Disney Company and nuclear warfare.

He followed with The Gold Bug Variations about genetics, music, and computer science. It was a National Book Critics Circle Award finalist.

In 1993, Powers wrote Operation Wandering Soul about an agonized young pediatrician. It was a finalist for the National Book Award.

In 1995, Powers published the Pygmalion story Galatea 2.2 about an artificial intelligence experiment gone awry. It was a National Book Critics Circle Award finalist.

In 1998, Powers wrote Gain about a 150-year-old chemical company and a woman who lives near one of its plants and succumbs to ovarian cancer. It won the James Fenimore Cooper Prize for Best Historical Fiction in 1999.

2000's Plowing the Dark tells of a Seattle research team building a groundbreaking virtual reality while an American teacher is held hostage in Beirut. It received Harold D. Vursell Memorial Award Prize from the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters.

Powers wrote The Time of Our Singing in 2003. It is about the musician children of an interracial couple who met at Marian Anderson's famed 1939 concert on the Lincoln Memorial steps.

Powers's ninth novel, 2006's The Echo Maker, is about a Nebraska man who suffers head trauma in a truck accident and believes his caregiver sister is an imposter. It won a National Book Award and was a Pulitzer Prize for Fiction finalist.

Powers's tenth novel, 2009's Generosity: An Enhancement, has writing professor Russell Stone encountering his former student, Thassa, an Algerian woman whose constant happiness is exploited by journalists and scientists.

In 2014, Powers wrote Orfeo about Peter Els, a retired music composition instructor and avant-garde composer who is mistaken for a bio-terrorist after being discovered with a makeshift genetics lab in his house.

The Overstory, published in April 2018, is about nine Americans whose unique life experiences with trees bring them together to address the destruction of forests. It won the 2019 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, was shortlisted for the Booker Prize and the $75,000 2019 PEN/Jean Stein Book Award, and was runner-up for the Dayton Literary Peace Prize.

Bewilderment, published in September 2021, was shortlisted for the 2021 Booker Prize and longlisted for the National Book Award and Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction. It is described as "an astrobiologist thinks of a creative way to help his rare and troubled son in Richard Powers’ deeply moving and brilliantly original novel."

Awards and recognition

 * 1985 Rosenthal Award of American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters
 * 1985 PEN/Hemingway Special Citation
 * 1989 MacArthur Fellowship
 * 1991 Time Book of the Year
 * 1993 Finalist, National Book Award
 * 1996 Swanlund Professorship, University of Illinois
 * 1998 Business Week Best Business Books of 1998
 * 1998 Elected Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences
 * 1999 James Fenimore Cooper Prize, American Society of Historians
 * 1999 Lannan Literary Award
 * 2000 Vursell Award, American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters
 * 2000 Elected Fellow, Center for Advanced Study, University of Illinois
 * 2001 Corrington Award for Literary Excellence, Centenary College
 * 2001 Author of the Year, Illinois Association of Teachers of English
 * 2003 Pushcart Prize
 * 2003 Dos Passos Prize For Literature, Longwood University
 * 2003 W. H. Smith Literary Award (Great Britain)
 * 2004 Ambassador Book Award
 * 2006 National Book Award for Fiction
 * New York Times Notable Book, 2003, 2000, 1998, 1995, 1991
 * Best Books of 2003: Chicago Tribune, Christian Science Monitor, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Newsday, London Evening Standard, Time Out (London), San Jose Mercury News
 * Finalist, National Book Critics Circle Award, 2003, 1995, 1991, 1985
 * 2006 Finalist, Pulitzer Prize for Fiction
 * 2010 Elected Member, American Academy of Arts and Letters
 * 2014 Man Booker Prize (longlist)
 * 2014 California Book Awards Silver Medal Fiction winner for Orfeo
 * 2018 Man Booker Prize (shortlist)
 * 2019 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction
 * 2019 PEN Oakland Josephine Miles Literary Award for The Overstory
 * 2020 William Dean Howells Medal for The Overstory
 * 2021 Booker Prize (shortlist)
 * 2021 Longlist, National Book Award

title: Richard Powers


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Talk:List of Kazakh historical figures

A few years ago, I read a wonderful novel about Kazakhstan by Chingis Aitmatov. Looking for him online, though, it says he was Kirghiz. He is certainly worth an article. Was he Kazakh or Kirghiz. The novel is definitely about Kazakhstan. Danny 02:06 Feb 1, 2003 (UTC)

I'm not so familiar with Chingis Aitmatov, but depending on when he lived he might have been Kazakh. I say depending on when he lived because until the 1920s Kazakhs were referred to as "Kirghiz" (to distinguish them from Cossacks), and Kyrgyz were referred to as "Kara-Kirghiz".

Also, I don't work for the Kazakhstani government but I removed Borat, principally because he is a fictional character. It's like including Huckleberry Finn on a list of famous Americans. Since the whole joke is that Borat isn't real, it will just blur the issue in people's minds if they see him on the list of Kazakh historical figures. Konchevnik81

Borat
Borat is fictional, and cannot be included in a list of historical figures. Any edits that add Borat to this list will be reverted. ♠ P  M  C  ♠ 22:06, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

Korki Butchek
Korki Butchek doesn't exist. He's the famous pop star mentioned by Borat.

Thank you! Let's keep this list on focus. Konchevnik81 11:20, 4 November 2006

Warning.
If you add either "Borat" or "Korki Butchek" to this article, you will be blocked from further editing for no less than one year, and no more than the rest of your life. DS 19:44, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

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BetacommandBot (talk) 06:50, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of Kazakh historical figures


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Disturbed (band)

Disturbed is an American heavy metal band from Chicago, formed in 1994. The band includes guitarist Dan Donegan, drummer Mike Wengren, lead vocalist David Draiman and bassist John Moyer. Donegan and Wengren have been involved in the band since its inception, with Draiman replacing original lead vocalist Erich Awalt in 1996 and Moyer replacing original bassist Steve "Fuzz" Kmak in 2004.

Disturbed's debut album, The Sickness, was released in 2000 as a commercial success, mainly due to the singles "Down With the Sickness" and "Stupify". The band then released the albums Believe (2002), Ten Thousand Fists (2005), Indestructible (2008), and Asylum (2010), all of which debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard 200 chart. Disturbed went into hiatus in October 2011, during which the band's members focused on various side projects, and released The Lost Children, a compilation album containing previously unreleased songs. They returned in June 2015 and released their sixth album Immortalized that same year. They followed it up with the albums Evolution (2018) and Divisive (2022).

With over 17 million records sold worldwide, six RIAA certifications for their albums (including 5× platinum for The Sickness), singles from all eight albums reaching the top ten of the Mainstream Rock chart, and two Grammy Award nominations, Disturbed ranks alongside Slipknot and Godsmack as one of the most successful rock bands of the 21st century.

Early years (1994–1996)
Before David Draiman joined Disturbed, guitarist Dan Donegan, drummer Mike Wengren and bassist Steve "Fuzz" Kmak were in a band called Brawl with vocalist Erich Awalt. Before changing their name to "Brawl", however, Donegan mentioned in the band's DVD, Decade of Disturbed, that the name was originally going to be "Crawl"; they switched it to "Brawl", because the name was already being used by another band. Awalt left the band shortly after the recording of a demo tape; the other three members advertised for a singer. They posted an advertisement in the local music publication in Chicago, Illinois, called the "Illinois Entertainer". Draiman answered the advertisement after going to twenty other auditions that month. Guitarist Dan Donegan commented on Draiman: "You know, out of all the singers that we had talked to or auditioned, he [Draiman] was the only singer who was ready to go with originals. And that impressed me, just to attempt that".

With regard to Draiman being the singer for the band, Donegan said, "After a minute or two, he just starts banging out these melodies that were huge...I'm playing my guitar and I'm grinning from ear to ear, trying not to give it away that I like this guy, you know, because I don't want to, you know...[say] 'Yeah, we'll give you a call back. We'll, you know, discuss it.' But I was so psyched. Chill up my spine. I'm like, 'There is something here.'" As drummer Mike Wengren commented, "We clicked right off the bat." Draiman then joined the band in 1996 and the band was renamed Disturbed. When asked in an interview why he suggested to name the band "Disturbed", Draiman said, "It had been a name I have been contemplating for a band for years. It just seems to symbolize everything we were feeling at the time. The level of conformity that people are forced into was disturbing to us and we were just trying to push the envelope and the name just sorta made sense."

The Sickness (1997–2000)
After renaming the band, Disturbed went on to record two three-track demo tapes, the first containing demos for "The Game", "Down with the Sickness", and "Meaning of Life", while the second had demos for "Want", "Stupify", and "Droppin' Plates". The artwork was composed of the band's newly created mascot, The Guy. The band eventually signed with Giant Records in August 1999 and opened for Ministry at Chicago's Riviera Theatre around the same time. In 2000, the band released its debut album, titled The Sickness, which launched the band into stardom. The album peaked at number 20 on the Billboard 200, and it has sold over four million copies in the United States since its release. Before joining Marilyn Manson's 2001 European tour, bassist Steve Kmak was unable to play with the band due to a shattered ankle, caused by falling out of a fire escape outside Disturbed's rehearsal hall in Chicago. He took the fire escape to exit the building while the elevator was being used to move their equipment downstairs. Kmak skipped the European trek of the tour, but he did perform with the band on January 11 and 12, 2001 at Disturbed's show in Chicago. During the European tour, Marty O'Brien replaced Kmak until he was able to tour again.

Believe (2001–2003)
Disturbed covered the song "Midlife Crisis" for a Faith No More tribute album that was eventually released in 2002. However, Disturbed's cover was not used, and a rerecorded version would later make an appearance on the compilation album, The Lost Children. In September 2001, production of their second studio album began. On June 4, 2002, Disturbed released a documentary DVD about the band, titled M.O.L., which showed some of the band's more personal moments in the studio and during tours, as well as featuring several music videos and live performances. On September 17, 2002, Disturbed released their second studio album, titled Believe, which debuted at number one on the Billboard 200. The music video for the first single from the album, titled "Prayer", was pulled from most television stations, due to perceived similarities with the September 11, 2001 attacks. David Draiman recorded vocals for a song titled "Forsaken", a song written and produced by Jonathan Davis of the band Korn, released on Queen of the Damned.

In 2003, the band once again participated in the Ozzfest tour and started another one of their own tours, titled Music as a Weapon II. The bands Chevelle, Taproot, and Ünloco toured with them. During the tour, Disturbed debuted an unreleased song, titled "Dehumanized". After Disturbed finished the Music as a Weapon II tour, Steve Kmak was fired by the band because of "personality differences". He was replaced by John Moyer; Moyer's last band, the Union Underground, had recently become inactive. On the night Moyer became the band's new bass player, Disturbed played live at the House of Blues and performed two new songs, "Hell" and "Monster", both of which are B-side tracks on the band's third studio album, Ten Thousand Fists.

Ten Thousand Fists (2004–2006)
Disturbed's third studio album, Ten Thousand Fists, was released on September 20, 2005. The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, while also selling around 238,000 copies in the week following its release. The album was certified platinum, shipping 1,000,000 units, in the United States on January 5, 2006. The band toured with 10 Years and Ill Niño in support of the album. Disturbed headlined Ozzfest 2006 along with System of a Down, Lacuna Coil, DragonForce, Avenged Sevenfold, and Hatebreed. In an interview with Launch Radio Networks, Disturbed vocalist David Draiman stated that twenty songs were recorded for the album, but only fourteen made it to the final track listing. The remaining songs included "Hell", which was included in one of the two "Stricken" singles; "Monster", which was included as an iTunes pre-order bonus for Ten Thousand Fists, then later included on the Ten Thousand Fists Tour Edition; "Two Worlds", which was also included on the Tour Edition of Ten Thousand Fists; and "Sickened", which was included in the "Land of Confusion" single. Ten Thousand Fists is the first album released by Disturbed to feature guitar solos. The band stated that they felt that guitar solos are a part of music that is absent in a lot of modern music, and they wanted to bring some of that back. Songs like "Stricken", "Overburdened", and "Land of Confusion" all feature guitar solos, as well as many others.

In 2006, a European tour was scheduled but was rescheduled twice due to Draiman having troubles with severe acid reflux, which affected his voice, as related by Draiman himself. Later that year, Draiman underwent surgery for a deviated septum which affected his voice. It was successful, and ever since then, Draiman has limited his drinking on the road. In late 2006, Disturbed headlined another one of their own tours named Music as a Weapon III; the bands Flyleaf, Stone Sour, and Nonpoint toured with them. Disturbed completed the first leg of their Music as a Weapon III tour in late 2006. Soon after, Draiman stated that there was not going to be a second leg to the tour and that instead the band was going off the road to start working on their fourth studio album.

Indestructible (2007–2009)
In July 2007, a new track titled "This Moment" was released on the soundtrack to the film Transformers. Disturbed mixed their fourth studio album, titled Indestructible, in Los Angeles in late 2007. In an earlier interview, David Draiman said that they were going to record fifteen songs, but only twelve would be on the album.

Indestructible's first single, "Inside the Fire" was made available on digital distribution services for purchase on March 25, 2008. The band also toured in the United States in April and May 2008 with the bands Five Finger Death Punch and Art of Dying. The music video for "Inside the Fire" was released on May 2, 2008 on the band's official website. Disturbed released their previously free song "Perfect Insanity" on iTunes Store as a second single on May 6, 2008, and the album Indestructible become available for pre-order for the release date on June 3, 2008. Indestructible was released in the United States on June 3, 2008 and in Australia on June 7, 2008 and became the band's third consecutive number one debut on the Billboard 200. A special "Internet Only" limited edition of the album that includes the B-side track "Run", a making-of DVD with instructional videos, wrap-around poster, VIP laminate, access to special Disturbed events, and a special website with an exclusive video, rare audio and more was also released. Disturbed played their first live online concert on May 29, 2008. The concert was sponsored by Pepsi and Deep Rock Drive. They performed in Las Vegas. The band toured in support of the "Mayhem Festival" alongside Slipknot, DragonForce and Mastodon during summer of 2008. Disturbed also completed a tour of Australia and New Zealand through August and September 2008.

In May 2008, Harmonix, the developers of the video game Rock Band announced they had reached a deal with Disturbed and Best Buy to offer two tracks from Indestructible for play in Rock Band to those who pre-ordered the album from Best Buy's website. On June 3, 2008, Harmonix released three tracks from Indestructible; "Indestructible", "Inside the Fire", and "Perfect Insanity". On May 12, 2009, Harmonix released Stricken and Stupify to the Rock Band music store.

On September 30, 2008, the band released an iTunes-exclusive live album entitled Live & Indestructible, made up of songs from Deep Rock Drive, as well as the music video for "Indestructible". The band started a tour of Europe, starting in London during October 2008 and finishing during November 2008 in Helsinki. In November and December 2008, Disturbed toured in the United States. The song "Inside the Fire" was nominated for a 2009 Grammy Award in the "Best Hard Rock Performance" category. In March 2009, Disturbed released a music video for the single "The Night". The band began their Music as a Weapon IV tour in March 2009 and it ended in late May. The tour, also dubbed a "festival", featured the bands Killswitch Engage, Lacuna Coil, and Chimaira on the main stage. The band released a second cover version of Faith No More's song "Midlife Crisis" on the album Covered, A Revolution in Sound, which also included bands such as Mastodon, The Used, and Avenged Sevenfold. This cover of "Midlife Crisis" was originally recorded for Indestructible, but the band decided not to include it on the album.

Asylum, The Lost Children and hiatus (2010–2011)
In an interview in July 2009, with FaceCulture, Draiman stated that the DVD would be "chronicling the past decade of Disturbed's existence. It's meant to show our growth over the course of the decade." He also talked more about the fifth album: "A couple of [song riffs] that Danny has come up with are really amazing. But they're just little pieces...it's not even in two-three part progression [yet]." A few months later on March 23, 2010, the band released a reissue of their debut album, The Sickness, with the B-side tracks "God of the Mind" and "A Welcome Burden", updated artwork, as well as remastering and remixing the track list. It was also available for the first time in vinyl format. On February 26, 2010, Harmonix announced a second Disturbed pack for download on the Rock Band music store, containing the 2010 remastered versions of "Voices", "The Game", and "Meaning of Life".

The band entered the studio in Chicago in early 2010 to begin recording their fifth album, planning on a release that summer. Guitarist Dan Donegan stated that the band had written around 15–18 songs. It was later confirmed that the title of the album would be Asylum. The band released a cover of heavy metal band Judas Priest's song "Living After Midnight" for the Metal Hammer Presents... Tribute to British Steel album. On April 20, 2010, roughly two months after they entered the studio, Disturbed announced that they had finished recording the album, and were ready to begin mixing it in Los Angeles, California. As they did with their last album Indestructible, Disturbed stated that they self-produced Asylum. The band announced that Asylum would be released on August 31, 2010. On July 9, 2010, the track listing was revealed on the band's official website. Asylum debuted at number one on the Billboard 200. Asylum was Disturbed's fourth consecutive studio album to debut on top of the charts, an achievement only earned by two other bands: Metallica and Dave Matthews Band. Disturbed headlined the first annual "Rockstar Energy Drink Uproar" tour with Avenged Sevenfold, as well as Stone Sour, Hellyeah and Halestorm, among others in late summer 2010. Then, in October 2010, it was reported that David Draiman was diagnosed with a "serious throat condition", and the band's U.S. tour had been canceled, as Draiman's healing process could have taken up to four weeks. Around the end of that year, Disturbed announced that they would be commencing the Music as a Weapon V tour in 2011, co-headlining with Korn and guests Sevendust, In This Moment and Stillwell. In January 2011, the Mayhem Festival announced that Disturbed would be headlining the festival along with Godsmack and Megadeth that summer. In February 2011, Disturbed was added to that summer's Download Festival. Disturbed announced that in May 2011, they would be co-headlining the Rock on the Range Festival in Columbus, Ohio.

On Thursday, April 28, Disturbed announced that their previously unreleased bonus track from Asylum, titled "3", would be available for download on their website. They said that all proceeds made from the download of the song would go towards the Damien Echols Defense Fund, a benefit foundation supporting the release of the West Memphis Three.

In July 2011, the band confirmed it would go on hiatus after finishing their US tour that year, and in an interview that same month, Draiman dismissed concerns that the hiatus was a result of conflict between the band members. Disturbed went into hiatus in October 2011. Disturbed released a b-side compilation album, titled The Lost Children, on November 8, 2011. The song "Hell" was made available for digital download on October 11, 2011, but Draiman stated on his Twitter page that there would not be a music video for it. A previously unreleased track, titled "Mine", also appears on the album. The track listing and release date were revealed on Draiman's Twitter page on September 20. On April 21, 2012, to commemorate Record Store Day, Disturbed released "The Collection". It is a box set featuring the band's five full-length studio albums in 140 gram vinyl LPs.

End of hiatus and Immortalized (2015–2017)
On June 20, 2015, on Disturbed's Facebook page and website, there was material posted hinting at a possible return of the band. The website shows a new Disturbed logo, plus a video of the band's mascot "The Guy" appearing to be on life support, still breathing. The new Disturbed logo was also posted to their official Facebook page, along with the video of their mascot, and their profile picture changed to solid black, indicating new activity within the band. On June 22, 2015, Disturbed posted another video on Facebook, this time showing The Guy awakening from life support, as well as an 18-hour countdown on their official website, giving speculation to a definite reunion.

On June 23, 2015, Disturbed officially announced the end of their hiatus and the coming of their new album entitled Immortalized. On the same day, the official music video for the new single "The Vengeful One" was released on their YouTube channel. Immortalized was released on August 21, 2015. John Moyer did not perform on the album due to working on other projects, with all bass tracks being performed by Dan Donegan. Moyer is not in the band's video for "The Sound of Silence" released in December 2015. Moyer remains a band member, however, having appeared in promotional photography for the album as well as continuing to perform live with the band.

On the album's release day, the band played their first show in four years at the House of Blues in Chicago. The show featured the live debuts of four new songs ("The Vengeful One", "What Are You Waiting For", "The Light" and the title track) and the song "Hell", a B-side from Ten Thousand Fists, in its entirety for the first time.

Disturbed released a virtual reality experience for the band's cover of "The Sound of Silence" via Littlstar. The band released a live album titled Live at Red Rocks on November 18, 2016. The band performed "The Sound of Silence" live on an episode of Australia's The X Factor. The band also performed "The Sound of Silence" live on an episode of Conan. Disturbed was announced as a direct support to Avenged Sevenfold on their UK & European tour throughout January and March 2017, alongside In Flames and Chevelle.

Evolution (2018–2020)
Disturbed headlined the 2018 Rock Fest, along with Godsmack and Incubus. The band announced via social media in early January 2018 that they had entered the studio to begin recording their next studio album. In June 2018, lead guitarist Dan Donegan and bassist John Moyer confirmed with sources that the new album had been completed, with 100% of the songs finished, leaving only mixing and mastering to be done. Band members also posted a picture via Instagram together at a dinner party in celebration of completion of the recording process, the band's first album in over 3 years and the band's first album in over 8 years to have bassist John Moyer being involved in.

The album, Evolution was released on October 19, 2018. On August 16, 2018, the lead single, titled "Are You Ready" was released. On September 21, 2018, the album's second single, titled "A Reason to Fight" was released. In support of the album, the band announced the 'Evolution World Tour', which took place in early 2019. The initial dates announced included shows across North America with select Canadian dates, as well as a European leg of the tour. On March 25, 2019, Disturbed announced a massive summer tour with Pop Evil and In This Moment. Pop Evil opened the first half of dates and In This Moment opened the second.

On January 27, 2020, the band announced a 31-date tour with Staind and Bad Wolves celebrating the 20th anniversary of The Sickness. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the band had postponed the tour to 2021. On September 11, 2020, Disturbed released a cover of the song "If I Ever Lose My Faith in You" by Sting. On March 12, 2021, it was announced that the 20th anniversary tour was officially canceled.

Divisive (2021–present)
Following a break, the band played its first pandemic-era live shows. The first one was the first time in nearly two years on September 25, 2021, as one of the headliners of the Louder Than Life festival in Louisville, Kentucky. The band also played later in November at the Welcome to Rockville festival at the Daytona International Speedway in Daytona Beach, Florida.

Draiman talked about the progress of the songwriting sessions for the band's follow-up to 2018's Evolution: "It's on in a big, big, big fucking way. It really, really is. I mean, we are so genuinely excited." He also said that the new material is going back to their "meat and potatoes", and that it is close to the vibe of The Sickness and Ten Thousand Fists albums. Draiman said that the band wants to begin recording after the New Year of 2022, but they have yet to announce a producer. The new songs will also be released on two separate mediums, as opposed to Disturbed's usual album releases.

On July 14, 2022, Disturbed released a new single called "Hey You" from their upcoming album.

On September 23, 2022, the band announced their eighth album, entitled Divisive, with a promotional single "Unstoppable" being released. The album was released on November 18, 2022. The album is a concerted effort to move back toward the heavier sound of their early albums after experimenting on the prior album. The new album also became the first to include a guest vocalist, with Ann Wilson of hard rock band Heart lending vocals to the dark, heavy ballad "Don't Tell Me".

On December 3, 2022, Divisive debuted on the Billboard charts at no. 3 on the Album Sales Chart, no. 3 on the Rock Album Chart, no. 1 on the Alternative Albums Chart, and no. 13 on the Billboard 200 after spending a week at no. 1 on the Apple All-format Album Chart. Singles "Bad Man", "Unstoppable", and "Hey You" all appeared on the Mainstream Airplay Chart and album cuts "Hey You" (no. 2), "Unstoppable" (no. 1), "Don't Tell Me" (no. 2), and "Bad Man" (no. 10) all appeared in the Top 10 of the Hard Rock Songs Digital Sales Chart. In 2024, "Bad Man" was nominated for the Best Metal Performance Grammy.

Other projects
On February 8, 2012, it was announced that John Moyer was supergroup Adrenaline Mob's new bass player. John made his onstage debut with the group on March 12, at New York City's Hiro Ballroom, a day before the release of the band's debut full-length album, Omertá. On February 14, 2012, on his Twitter account David Draiman confirmed that he would make an appearance on VH1's That Metal Show 10th Season airing sometime that year. That episode was later moved to the 11th season and premiered on August 11, 2012.

In May 2012, Draiman announced his new project, an industrial metal band called Device. Draiman later released information regarding the future of Disturbed and his new project Device, stating that Device would release their self-titled debut album on April 9, 2013. The album features several guest musicians from various metal bands. On April 25, 2013, it was announced that guitarist Dan Donegan and drummer Mike Wengren had begun a new project with Evans Blue singer Dan Chandler, Fight or Flight. Their debut album, "Life by Design?" was released on July 23, 2013.

In December 2014, Moyer formed a new band with Scott Weiland, Ron "Bumblefoot" Thal, twins Jon and Vince Votta called Art of Anarchy, with a self-titled album released in June 2015. After the death of Weiland, the band recruited retired Creed singer Scott Stapp and recorded their second album The Madness, released in March 2017. In February 2018, Art of Anarchy members filed a lawsuit to the New York Supreme Court against Stapp for alleged failure to promote The Madness.

Mascot

Disturbed's mascot, named "The Guy", was originally just a drawing of a face with a large grin, as seen on the back of the album The Sickness. The original drawing of The Guy was then edited using a digital distorting program. After the original image had been distorted three times The Guy became the official mascot for the band. Later, he would be drawn as a full figure by artist David Finch.

Musical style, influences, and lyrical themes
Disturbed is mostly classified as heavy metal,    hard rock    and alternative metal, while their early sound has been described as nu metal. When asked about die-hard heavy metal fans not finding Disturbed heavy enough, Draiman at one time stated:

"'We probably have too much melody going on or we're not quite as turbulent or caustic. While I really love that type of music, it's not what we try to do. If we have to place things in context, we're more hard rock than heavy metal these days." "The secret is that we were never really part of any particular trend, although we definitely benefited from the popularity of what was called nu metal at the time ... We never had the stereotypical attributes that those bands had. We don't rap; there's no turntable involved; no fusion in that respect. We play, in my opinion, classic metal. Sabbath, Maiden, Priest, Metallica, Pantera: these are the bands that made us want to play.'" Allmusic reviewer Bradley Torreano described the album Believe as "taking the sort of jump that their heroes in Soundgarden and Pantera made after their respective breakthrough records". He also described the title track as moving "from a brutal chug to a sweeping chorus that suddenly stops in its tracks and turns into a winding riff that recalls the work of vintage James Hetfield". Believe is also considered by several critics to be a step away from the nu metal sound featured on The Sickness, moving towards a more hard rock and heavy metal sound that was continued in their following albums.

According to frontman David Draiman on the band home documentary M.O.L., the lyrics that he writes are inspired by actual experiences of his own, and he stated that he likes to present his ideas with cryptic lyrics. These lyrical themes range from the Judeo-Christian concept of Heaven and Hell, domestic abuse, suicide, insanity, relationships, war, to more fantastical themes, such as vampirism, werewolves and demons.

They have often cited their influences as Black Sabbath, Judas Priest, Metallica, Pantera, Iron Maiden, Queensrÿche, and Soundgarden. Draiman's main influences came from funk-infused bands such as Faith No More, and he expresses much admiration for Faith No More singer Mike Patton.

Guitarist Dan Donegan uses guitar tunings drop C, drop C# and drop B (also occasionally E♭ standard), which are lower tunings than regular E standard. These lower tunings allow for a heavier sound and quicker chord changes in Donegan's riffs. Donegan also uses subtle electronic effects, which the rest of the band refers to as "The Danny Donegan Orchestra".

Band members
Current members
 * Dan Donegan – guitars, keyboards, programming (1994–2011, 2015–present); backing vocals (2015–present)
 * Mike Wengren – drums, percussion, programming (1994–2011, 2015–present); backing vocals (2015–present)
 * David Draiman – lead vocals (1996–2011, 2015–present)
 * John Moyer – bass, backing vocals (2004–2011, 2015–present)

Former members
 * Erich Awalt – lead vocals (1994–1996)
 * Steve "Fuzz" Kmak – bass (1994–2003)

Discography

 * Studio albums
 * The Sickness (2000)
 * Believe (2002)
 * Ten Thousand Fists (2005)
 * Indestructible (2008)
 * Asylum (2010)
 * Immortalized (2015)
 * Evolution (2018)
 * Divisive (2022)

title: Disturbed (band)


text:
Talk:Square root

Semi-protected edit request on 2 July 2023
It’s written that -4 and 4 are square root of 16, but that’s false. 4 is the square root of 16, but not -4. -4 is a solution of x^2=16 because x=±sqrt(16) 2A02:8440:7136:43EB:F01A:F1AE:DCCA:271C (talk) 20:36, 2 July 2023 (UTC)
 * not done: If you read the next three paragraphs it does explain it fully. Moons of Io (talk) 20:39, 2 July 2023 (UTC)
 * It does not matter. the initial statement is FALSE
 * square root is FUNCTION, it cannot have 2 results or tell me the result of this sqrt(2) + sqrt(4) + sqrt (6). what is the result ? according to you and that definition you have 9 results of that sum !!!
 * i remind you that sqrt(2) is NUMBER. real number 109.110.224.32 (talk) 21:16, 7 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Shadow311 (talk) 21:32, 7 December 2023 (UTC)

The definition of square root is false
Hello everyone,

In the English Wikipedia article “square root” the square root is defined as follows:

“In mathematics, a square root of a number x is a number y such that y² = x; in other words, a number y whose square (the result of multiplying the number by itself, or y ‧ y) is x. For example, 4 and −4 are square roots of 16 because 4² = (−4)² = 16.”

That’s wrong. What is being described here are the solutions to the quadratic equation x² = 16. But this is not the square root of 16. The square root of 16 is 4, not 4 or −4. The result of a square root is always nonnegative. More precisely: an absolute number. The square root is defined as follows:

√(x²) = |x|

Everything else is not square root. This eliminates the notion of “principal square root”. The “principal square root” is simply the square root.

It should also be noted that the so-called “roots of a quadratic equation” are not square roots, and are not actually roots at all, but the solutions of a quadratic equation. A quadratic equation like x² = 16 is solved as follows (with row numbers):

(1) x² = 16   |√ (2) |x| = 4 (3) x₁ = 4 (4) x₂ = −4

Only line (2) shows a square root, which is the square root of 16. What is in lines (3) and (4) are not square roots. In English, what is in lines (3) and (4) is called “roots of a quadratic equation”. That is an extremely misleading expression. It can be confused with the notion of the square root. Therefore, the term “solutions to a quadratic equation” should always be used instead.

I would be in favor of replacing the quoted incorrect definition of a square root with the correct definition found in the German article “Quadratwurzel”. There it says:

"Die Quadratwurzel (umgangssprachlich Wurzel; englisch square root, kurz sqrt) einer nichtnegativen Zahl y ist jene (eindeutig bestimmte) nichtnegative Zahl, deren Quadrat gleich der gegebenen Zahl y ist."

Translated to English:

“The square root of a nonnegative number y is that (uniquely determined) nonnegative number whose square is equal to the given number y.”

This corresponds exactly to the mathematical definition of the square root as I gave it above. The rest of the article would need to be revised accordingly.

Best regards Jake2042 (talk) 15:47, 3 September 2023 (UTC)

 * Firstly, a definition cannot be wrong, as it is the result of an arbitrary choice. It is often the case in mathematics, that there are several different definitions of the same phrase that are used in different contexts. This is the case here. Your prefered definition is commonly used in very elementary mathematics, but it does not work in more advanced contexts, especially in the case of square roots of complex numbers (note that, in the first sentence, it is not said that $x$ must be a real number). The case of nonnegative real numbers is considered in the second paragraph, and you must note that although "a square root" is defined for any number, the notation $$\sqrt x$$ is reserved for nonnegative real numbers. In other word, your definition is that of the notation of $$\sqrt x.$$
 * However, your post convinced me that, in the second paragraph, it must be said that the principal square root is often called simply "the square root". I'll add this to the article. D.Lazard (talk) 16:40, 3 September 2023 (UTC)
 * I agree with D.Lazard adding the clarification to the article as suggested by you. But one thing to keep in mind on math Wikipedia is that you're not supposed to use your own logic and reasoning to decide what goes in articles, you're supposed to cite sources such as textbooks, peer-reviewed publications, and other reliable sources. You may be logical and correct, but the next editor might be a crackpot, so that's why original research is frowned on and citing sources is favored.Brirush (talk) 23:43, 3 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Guys. square root in complex numbers is ok. BUT normal people understand from your phrase that the square root of 4 is +/- 2 !!! So yes the definition is WRONG because is NOT the definition. The definition is that the sqre root is the POSITIVE number that raised to the power of 2 is the original number. IS NOT +/- square root of X is ABS(square root of X)
 * You also state that clearly below as well.
 * So please do rephrase that because as it is is wrong and confusing. 109.110.224.32 (talk) 07:32, 1 November 2023 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure what the purpose is in repeating what has already been said and answered, but the expression "square root" is used by mathematicians to refer to either root. In contexts where it is clear that postive numbers are concerned, it is usual not to redundantly include the word "positive", so "square root" is effectively shorthand for "positive square root". "Contexts where it is clear that only postive numbers are concerned" include most elementary contexts, and are also very common in more advanced contexts, so the use of the expression "square root" to refer only to the positive use is very common, and therefore in a wide range of contexts it is effectively the default use. It may also be the only usage that is encountered at all by many people whose knowledge of mathematics does not go beyond the elementary, so to them it appears to be the only meaning. However, that doesn't mean that the other usage doesn't exist or is in some sense wrong. A word or expression means precisely what it is used to mean and understood to mean, and "square root" is in some contexts used to mean and understood to mean only the positive root, and in some contexts to mean either root: that is to say both meanings exist. The article quite correctly gives both the  meanings. To omit either would be misleading. JBW (talk) 12:21, 1 November 2023 (UTC)
 * A definition can be wrong if is a wrong definition lol. Just because you call it definition it does not mean it is one.
 * First of all square root is FUNCTION.
 * A function can have only one value for a given input not 2
 * Think otherwise: if sqrt(4) = +/-2 then pls tell me how much is this : sqrt(2) + sqrt(3) + sqrt(10) ?
 * You do realize that sqrt(2) is a NUMBER so it cannot have 2 values
 * That definition is simply WRONG because is NOT the definition. 109.110.224.32 (talk) 21:12, 7 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Is this a difference between UK and US usage? Obviously mathematically the square roots of 25 are + and - 5.  But there are no end of YouTube videos that say this is wrong and √25 (e.g.) refers only to the positive square root +5 and other usage (-5) is confusing or even wrong.  I understand how with 8 year old students you might want to keep things simple and, for the time being, ignore the negative roots, but Wikipedia is not written for 8 year olds.Cross Reference (talk) 00:02, 11 March 2024 (UTC)
 * In some contexts, including elementary arithmetics, only non-negative real numbers have a square root and that square root is always non-negative. In other contexts, including the study of complex numbers, any number other than zero has n n-th roots, for instance there are 5 "fifth roots of unity" located in the complex plane at the vertices of a regular pentagon centered at zero and one of them is 1. Saying that what the other guy says is "wrong" leads nowhere. He's just standing in a different context and talking to other people. To reconcile "both kinds" of square roots (or of nth roots in general), the one (always non-negative) used in elementary arithmetic is called "the principal square root" when there is a risk of ambiguity; other times one knows what is talked about — for instance when talking about the five fifth roots of unity it is obviously not the single non-negative one, but when asking what is the square root of ten the adjective "principal" is left implicit. — Tonymec (talk) 12:54, 13 April 2024 (UTC)
 * "Think otherwise: if sqrt(4) = +/-2 then pls tell me how much is this : sqrt(2) + sqrt(3) + sqrt(10) ?" Taking √2 = +/- 1.4; √3 = +/- 1.7; and √10 = +/- 3.2 (all approximations of course) then your expression can have any one of 8 values from -6.3 to +6.3 depending on which root you take for each element.  For many (most?) purposes the negative square root can safely be ignored as a mathematical artifact with no practical meaning in the circumstance - e.g., a square of area 10 square units has a side of 3.2 units and the negative value can be ignored.
 * I understand that a function, by definition, returns a single value for a single input. What makes you think that a square root is a function and that therefore the radical sign √ returns only the principal (i.e. positive) square root?  Cross Reference (talk) 21:49, 25 April 2024 (UTC)

Trouble understanding reference to sgn function
Under the heading "Algebraic formula", this remark in parentheses is confusing: "(except that, here, sgn(0) = 1)". First of all, what does "here" refer to? Secondly, according to the Wikipedia page for the Sign function, sgn(0) = 0, so how can it be legitimate to write sgn(0) = 1? 109.255.134.32 (talk) 18:56, 5 February 2024 (UTC)
 * This is written this way to be able to have a single RHS expression. The alternative is to replace the factor sgn(y) on the RHS with a plus/minus (±), and then explain with an elaborate string of words which root should be taken in which case. Indeed, this is not the standard definition of the sign function, which is why the exception is noted. Consider this a modified sign function. Much easier. - DVdm (talk) 19:26, 5 February 2024 (UTC)
 * I have fixed the confusing formulation. D.Lazard (talk) 19:37, 5 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Yes, correct. Try with x= ±2 and y=0.
 * Then
 * $$\sqrt{x+iy} = \sqrt{\tfrac12\bigl(\sqrt{\textstyle x^2+y^2} + x\bigr)} + i\sgn(y) \sqrt{\tfrac12\bigl(\sqrt{\textstyle x^2+y^2} - x\bigr)}$$
 * becomes for x=2 and y=0
 * $$\begin{align}

\sqrt{2} &= \sqrt{\tfrac12\bigl(\sqrt{\textstyle 2^2} + 2\bigr)} + i \sqrt{\tfrac12\bigl(\sqrt{\textstyle 2^2 } - 2\bigr)} \\ &= \sqrt{\tfrac12\bigl( 2 + 2\bigr)} + i \sqrt{\tfrac12\bigl(2 - 2\bigr)} \\ &= \sqrt{ 2 }\end{align}$$
 * as it should be.
 * Similarly for x=-2 and y=0,
 * $$\begin{align}

\sqrt{-2} &= \sqrt{\tfrac12\bigl(\sqrt{\textstyle (-2)^2} + (-2)\bigr)} + i \sqrt{\tfrac12\bigl(\sqrt{\textstyle (-2)^2 } - (-2)\bigr)} \\ &= \sqrt{\tfrac12\bigl( 2 + (-2)\bigr)} + i \sqrt{\tfrac12\bigl(2 - (-2)\bigr)} \\ &= i \sqrt{ 2 }\end{align}$$
 * as it should be. - DVdm (talk) 20:14, 5 February 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 11 April 2024
In "Computation" section, the following text...

"Furthermore, $$(x+c)^2 \approx x^2 + 2xc$$ when $c$ is close to 0, because the tangent line to the graph of $$x^2 + 2xc + c^2$$ at $$c = 0$$, as a function of $c$ alone, is $$y = 2xc + x^2$$. Thus, small adjustments to $x$ can be planned out by setting $$2xc$$ to $a$, or $$c = \frac{a}{2x}$$."

Should be replaced with...

"Furthermore, $$(x+c)^2 \approx x^2 + 2xc$$ when $c$ is close to 0, because the tangent line to the graph of $$x^2 + 2xc + c^2$$ as a function of $c$ alone, evaluated at $$c = 0$$, is $$y = 2x$$. Thus, small adjustments to $x$ can be planned out by setting $$2xc$$ to $$a - x^2$$, or $$c = \frac{a - x^2}{2x}$$."

...and this because the partial derivative of $$f(x,c) = x^2 + 2xc + c^2$$ w.r.t. $c$ is $$\frac{df(x,c)}{dc} = 2x + 2c$$, and $$\frac{df(x,c)}{dc} = 2x$$ at $$c = 0$$. And that is why we can do the first order approximation $$(x+c)^2 \approx x^2 + 2xc$$ when $c$ is close to 0. Then, considering that $x_{n}$ is the estimation at step $n$, we choose $c$ such that the estimation $x_{n+1}$ at step $$n+1$$ is $$(x_n+c)^2 \approx a$$, which leads to $$c = \frac{a - x_n^2}{2x_n}$$. Nunoguedelha (talk) 19:33, 11 April 2024 (UTC)

 * ❌. As neither the original nor the newly proposed version is sourced, I have removed the challenged passage in the article. Feel free to add a correct version again, provided a proper source is added. - DVdm (talk) 22:09, 12 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Square root


text:
The Sickness

The Sickness is the debut studio album by American heavy metal band Disturbed. It was released on March 7, 2000, by Giant and Reprise Records. The album peaked at number 29 on the US Billboard 200, and spent a total of 106 weeks on the chart. It was Disturbed's only album to not hit number one on the US Billboard 200 until their seventh album Evolution debuted at number 4 in 2018. In 2018, The Sickness was certified five times platinum by the RIAA for shipments of over five million copies in the US, making it the band's most successful album.

Background and recording
The Sickness was Disturbed's first studio release since the band's formation in 1994. Reflecting on the band's early days, lead vocalist David Draiman said in a 2015 interview, "People think it was like this meteoric rise. It really wasn't. We beat the hell out of ourselves for two or three years as a local band, our own self-promotional mega-machine, every band member in a different venue of the city every time a rock show would come through town, passing out our promotional material — cassettes, stickers, t-shirts, whatever we could. [This was] in addition to playing strategically where we thought it made sense and in addition to building our following on the south side of Chicago. So there was a long period of time before that and a lot of struggle in a city that wasn't conducive to hard rock and heavy metal. Chicago was an alternative town. It was Smashing Pumpkins, Local H. It was not metal. So we were blacklisted. We couldn't even play inner-city clubs. We weren't cool enough. We were too metal. That was something that wasn't considered cool enough. We had to force our way in."

However, as the late 1990s brought a shift in focus in the rock industry toward a heavier sound, the band secured a record deal with Giant Records and Disturbed got their big break. Prior to the album's recording, the band sought to refine its sound. Lead guitarist Dan Donegan took a different approach than usual and adopted a style that did not incorporate guitar solos: "In the beginning, before we were even signed, I'd solo all over the place and it didn't really work, so I pretty much cut out the solos altogether until the last album or two. That's the way it's worked with us. Over time we've pushed each other to become better musicians," Donegan said in a 2011 interview with Guitar World.

According to Draiman, it was challenging for him to become comfortable with writing about the personal themes contained throughout the album's lyrics, saying, "It's very frightening. Because here you go, you've decided to be open and bare a part of your soul to these people, and lay it out on a platter for them to observe. So until you know that the listeners are getting any part of what you're saying, it's incredibly frightening."

With Draiman on vocals and Donegan on guitar, the two were joined by Mike Wengren on drums and Steve "Fuzz" Kmak on bass. Seeking help with the album's production process, the band turned to producer Johnny K, who had gone to high school with Donegan's brother. By the time work on the album had started, a bond had already formed and Johnny K had begun working with the band as the producer for their album. In an interview with Guitar Edge, Johnny K spoke about the process, saying, "They fought hard to get me to do their record. They didn't want to go to L.A. and make a record that wouldn't be any better than their demos. I felt that with a budget and time, I could make a record everyone would really like [...] I pushed them as hard as I could, and we felt successful before it sold one copy. All of that hard work, and the fact that they are such a good band, made it easy for me to get other jobs. People liked it and would say, 'Who did the Disturbed album? Let's get him.'"

Recording sessions took place in late 1999, and on March 7, 2000, The Sickness was released; however, the album was not an instant success. The lead single from the album, "Stupify", was released in April 2000. "[It] was actually a hard sell at radio," Draiman said. "It's not like it shot up. They worked it. Giant Records at the time, they worked it. They pushed it to where it got enough awareness that it did start to chart decently." The track addressed themes of racism and discrimination, loosely based on one of Draiman's own experiences. It would go on to reach No. 12 on the Mainstream Rock chart and No. 10 on Modern Rock and remains one of their most popular songs. It was followed by the singles "Down with the Sickness" in October of the same year, "Voices" the following November, and "The Game" in February 2001.

10th anniversary
On March 23, 2010, a reissue of the album was released that was remastered, slightly remixed and includes B-sides, new artwork, and exclusive online content. This reissue celebrates the tenth anniversary of the release of the album and is available for the first time in Standard Black vinyl format.

Disturbed's guitarist, Dan Donegan, commented on the reissue: "[...] it's the album that put us on the map and launched our career. So we went back into the studio and we remixed it, we're having it remastered, we're gonna put a couple of bonus tracks on there and touch up some of the packaging and the artwork. Just a little collector's item, a little tribute to that album for the fans".

The two songs included in the reissue, "God of the Mind" and "A Welcome Burden", are also included in a B-side compilation called The Lost Children.

20th anniversary
In January 2020, Disturbed announced that they were going on tour for The Sickness 20th Anniversary Tour with Staind and Bad Wolves. The tour was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Sickness was re-released to mark the album's 20th anniversary. It includes all of the original songs remastered and live versions of the songs. The Sickness 20th Anniversary Tour was rescheduled for July and September 2021 but was once again canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions.

Critical reception
The album received positive reviews upon release. Steve Huey from AllMusic commented "But even if it has a few less-than-compelling moments, The Sickness overall comes off as the work of a band who really doesn't have far to go to achieve total control of its sound and compositional skills, and that makes it a terrific debut album."

Accolades
In 2013, Loudwire featured The Sickness in their "Top 25 Debut Hard Rock Albums" list, placing the album at number 24.

In 2020, it was named one of the 20 best metal albums of 2000 by Metal Hammer magazine.

In 2021, the album was put on the list of the Revolver magazine "20 Essential Nu-Metal Albums".

Soundtrack appearances

 * "Voices" appeared in one of the trailers for the horror film Jeepers Creepers.
 * "The Game" appeared in the English adaptation of Dragon Ball Z: Cooler's Revenge.
 * "Stupify" and "Fear" appeared in an English adaptation of Dragon Ball Z: Lord Slug.
 * "Down with the Sickness" appeared in several films, TV episodes, and video games, including The One, Queen of the Damned, the 2004 remake of Dawn of the Dead, The Death of Dick Long, Green Street, the Brooklyn Nine-Nine episode "Sicko", the South Park episode "With Apologies to Jesse Jackson", Rock Band 2, Guitar Hero 5, Guitar Hero Live, Fortnite Festival, WWE 2K18, and other media. The Guitar Hero 5 and Rock Band 2 versions have the "abuse" segment intact, however, all profane language was removed. Guitar Hero Live also features this song in the GH On Demand feature of the game, however as the music video version of the song is the version that is used, the "abuse" segment is not featured. Professional wrestler Christopher Chri$ Ca$h Bauman also used "Down with the Sickness" as his theme song from 2001 - 2005 in CZW until his death in an automobile accident on August 18, 2005. As of 2005, Combat Zone Wrestling annually run a memorial tribute event for Bauman titled "Down with the Sickness" after his theme song. The show originally started as a double header afternoon show, with another CZW event taking place later in the evening. Many former CZW trainees have made appearances on past events, including longtime friend GQ, who has wrestled on all of the events.

Disturbed

 * David Draiman – vocals
 * Dan Donegan – guitars, keyboards, programming
 * Steve Kmak – bass
 * Mike Wengren – drums, percussion, programming

Production

 * Disturbed – production
 * Johnny K – engineering, production
 * Tadpole – engineering
 * Frank De Lamora – programming
 * Enrique Santiago – programming
 * Andy Wallace – mixing
 * Steve Sisco – mixdown engineering
 * Howie Weinberg – mastering
 * P.R. Brown – art direction, design, cover and object photography
 * Jana Leon – band photography

10th anniversary edition (2010)

 * Neal Avron – mixing
 * Ted Jensen – mastering

International edition live tracks

 * Tim Powell and Bif Dawes for Westwood One – engineering
 * Recorded in Chicago, IL on March 10, 2000 at The Metro

title: The Sickness