text:
David Schwimmer

David Lawrence Schwimmer (born November 2 or 12, 1966) is an American actor, director, comedian, and producer. He gained worldwide recognition for portraying Ross Geller in the sitcom Friends, for which he received a Screen Actors Guild Award and a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series in 1995. While still acting in Friends, his first leading film role was in The Pallbearer (1996), followed by roles in Kissing a Fool; Six Days, Seven Nights; Apt Pupil (all 1998); and Picking Up the Pieces (2000). He was then cast in the miniseries Band of Brothers (2001) as Herbert Sobel.

Schwimmer began his acting career performing in school plays at Beverly Hills High School. In 1988, he graduated from Northwestern University with a Bachelor of Arts in theater and speech. After graduation, Schwimmer co-founded the Lookingglass Theatre Company. For much of the late 1980s, he lived in Los Angeles as a struggling, unemployed actor, until he starred in the television movie A Deadly Silence in 1989 and appeared in a number of television roles in the early 1990s, including L.A. Law, The Wonder Years, NYPD Blue, and Monty.

After the series finale of Friends in 2004, Schwimmer branched out into film and stage work. He was cast as the title character in the 2005 drama film Duane Hopwood, and voiced Melman the Giraffe in the animated Madagascar film franchise, acted in the dark comedy Big Nothing (2006), and the thriller Nothing but the Truth (2008). Schwimmer made his West End stage debut in the leading role in 2005's Some Girl(s). He made his Broadway debut in The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial in 2006. His feature film directorial debut followed in 2007 with the comedy Run Fatboy Run, and the following year he made his Off-Broadway directorial debut in Fault Lines.

He has also worked as a director, including many episodes of Friends during his time on the series.

In 2016, Schwimmer starred as lawyer Robert Kardashian in The People v. O. J. Simpson, for which he received his second Primetime Emmy Award nomination, this time for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or Movie.

Early life
Schwimmer was born in 1966 in Flushing, Queens, New York City, to attorneys Arthur (born 1941) and Arlene Coleman-Schwimmer (born 1940). His family is Jewish. He has an older sister named Ellie Schwimmer (born 1965). His family subsequently moved to Los Angeles, where Schwimmer, at 10, had his first acting experience when he was cast as the fairy godmother in a Jewish version of Cinderella. In 1979, Schwimmer went to a Shakespeare workshop given by English actor Sir Ian McKellen in Los Angeles. He recalls being riveted by the experience. Schwimmer then entered a contest in the Southern California Shakespeare Festival three years in a row, winning two first prizes.

Following his mother's successful career as a divorce lawyer, the family moved to Beverly Hills, where Schwimmer attended Beverly Hills High School. His classmates included actor Jonathan Silverman. Schwimmer admitted to being an outsider during his time at the school, recalling, "When I was there I always felt: 'This is not me, I'm surrounded by people with a different value system. And I just wanted to get out of California.'" His best subjects were science and math and he thought he would become a doctor. Schwimmer enrolled in a drama class, where he appeared in stage productions. Encouraged by his school drama teacher to further his acting, he flew to Chicago for a summer acting program at Northwestern University. He noted that the experience was both "enlightening and exhilarating". In 1984, Schwimmer graduated from Beverly Hills High and wanted to go straight into acting, but his parents insisted he go to college first so he would have something to fall back on. Schwimmer enrolled in Northwestern University, where he had attended the summer acting program earlier. He had originally intended on becoming a surgeon, having studied various body systems but eventually decided to pursue acting professionally. At the university, he studied theater and was in an improv group with Stephen Colbert, the No-Fun Mud Piranhas. After graduating in 1988, with a Bachelor of Arts degree in theater and speech, Schwimmer co-founded the Lookingglass Theatre Company. Subsequently, he returned to Los Angeles to pursue an acting career.

1989–1994: Early work
After his supporting role debut in the ABC television movie A Deadly Silence (1989), Schwimmer followed this with roles on the legal drama L.A. Law in 1992, and the comedy-drama series The Wonder Years. He made his feature film debut in Flight of the Intruder (1991), had a recurring role as a lawyer-turned-vigilante in NYPD Blue before auditioning, unsuccessfully, for a series pilot called Couples. He landed his first regular series role as the liberal son of a conservative talk show host (Henry Winkler) in the sitcom Monty.

1994–2004: Breakthrough
In 1994, Schwimmer was cast as Ross Geller in NBC's situation comedy Friends, a series that revolved around a group of friends who live near each other in Manhattan. He played a hopeless-romantic paleontologist who works at a museum and later becomes a professor at a university. Schwimmer initially turned down the role as Ross, but accepted later. Executive producer Kevin S. Bright said that he had previously worked with Schwimmer, the character of Ross was written with him in mind, and he was the first actor cast. The show debuted on September 22, 1994, and was watched by almost 22 million American viewers. Friends quickly developed a loyal audience, with the show and Schwimmer receiving strong reviews. Much of the Friends success is attributed to the plotline between his character Ross and his on-again-off-again love interest Rachel, which has been described as one of the greatest TV couples of all time by various media outlets. The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette was complimentary of Schwimmer, calling him "terrific". Variety ' s television reviewer said: "All six of the principals, especially (Courteney) Cox and Schwimmer, appear resourceful and display sharp sitcom skills". For this performance, he earned a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series in 1995.

Schwimmer starred in his first leading film role in the 1996 romantic comedy film, The Pallbearer with Gwyneth Paltrow. In the film, Schwimmer plays a man asked to deliver the eulogy for a high school friend he cannot remember, and begins an affair with the friend's mother. Critics dismissed The Pallbearer as a poor imitation of the 1967 film The Graduate. Variety ' s film reviewer complimented the actor, writing that he had enjoyed his performance, stating that he displayed "a winning, if rather deadpan, personality along with good comic timing". It also concluded that Schwimmer had a "promising bigscreen future". Janet Maslin of The New York Times cited that his first film "relegates him to a drab role". When asked why he decided to accept the role, Schwimmer admitted the decision was to "make an effort to find roles that are as far away from the character of Ross as possible."

His next film roles, in 1998, were Kissing a Fool, Six Days, Seven Nights, and Apt Pupil. In Kissing a Fool, a romantic comedy, Schwimmer played Max, a smart-mouthed, but dapper and charming man. Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle wrote, "Fans of the sitcom Friends may be surprised by David Schwimmer in Kissing a Fool. [...] Take it from someone who has never seen Friends and comes at Schwimmer with no preconceptions: He does just fine. As a TV sports reporter in Kissing a Fool, he oozes the command and self-satisfaction of a young, successful man." The film was critically and financially unsuccessful. In Six Days, Seven Nights, he played the boyfriend of Anne Heche's character. In Apt Pupil, adapted from a novella of the same name by Stephen King, he had a supporting role as a school guidance counselor. "I was scared of the part", Schwimmer said, "but I wanted to be part of the movie". At the time, he noted it was a "little frustrating" that people would typecast him due to his role on Friends. He subsequently appeared opposite Woody Allen and Sharon Stone in Alfonso Arau's straight-to-cable comedy Picking Up the Pieces (2000).

In 2001, Schwimmer played Captain Herbert M. Sobel in Steven Spielberg and Tom Hanks' HBO World War II miniseries Band of Brothers. The television miniseries is based on the book of the same title written by historian and biographer Stephen Ambrose. Although Band of Brothers was met with largely positive reception, Schwimmer's performance was criticized; the BBC News concluded, "Part of the problem ... may have been the ridiculous fact that Friends favourite David Schwimmer plays the hard and cruel Captain Herbert Sobel. The only thing believable about Schwimmer's acting is when he cowers in the face of true battle. His puppy dog eyes make him appear even more pitiful." Later that year he portrayed Yitzhak Zuckerman in the war drama Uprising, based on the true events of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943.

In March 2004, Schwimmer appeared as himself on HBO's comedy series Curb Your Enthusiasm. During the lengthy run of Friends, Schwimmer directed ten of the show's episodes. The show's tenth and final season ended on May 6, 2004.

2004–2010: Directing
In 2004, Schwimmer was director and executive producer on Nevermind Nirvana, a sitcom about an Indian American family that was not picked up by NBC. After Friends, Schwimmer starred in the 2005 independent drama Duane Hopwood, as the title character, who is an alcoholic whose life is spiraling downward rapidly after a divorce and is looking to turn his life around. The film received ambivalent reviews. Despite the reception, Schwimmer's performance was favored by critics; Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times reported that the role was Schwimmer's "career-transforming performance." Duane Hopwood was screened at a special presentation at the 2005 Sundance Film Festival. Furthermore, in the same year he voiced Melman, a hypochondriac giraffe, in the animated film Madagascar (2005). The Washington Post noted that Schwimmer is particularly appealing as Melman. Despite the mixed response from critics, the film was a commercial success, earning US$532 million worldwide, making it one of the biggest hits of 2005.

Schwimmer starred on the London stage in May 2005, with Catherine Tate, Lesley Manville, Sara Powell, and Saffron Burrows, in Neil LaBute's Some Girl(s) at the Gielgud Theatre. In the production, he plays a teacher who is ready to settle down and marry, but decides to visit four ex-girlfriends first. For his performance, Schwimmer received critical reviews. The Independent wrote that Schwimmer "is not called upon to extend his range nearly as far as one might have expected in Some Girl(s). [...] Schwimmer remains bland, competent, and boyish—though not fatally boyish in the manner that appears to have turned these women on." However, Charles Spencer of The Daily Telegraph praised Schwimmer, reporting he "proves inspired casting. He takes to the stage with ... his endearing gaucheness seems designed to ensure our continued sympathy. Schwimmer mercilessly lays bare his character's opportunism, casual cruelties, and chronic self-deception."

In 2006, he made his Broadway debut in Herman Wouk's two-act play The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial. Schwimmer played the role of Lieutenant Barney Greenwald in the production, which was directed by Jerry Zaks. In an interview with New York magazine, he revealed that he had wanted to try Broadway, however said "a couple of things came up that just never quite felt right. Either because I liked the play but wasn't hot on the director, or there was another star attached that I wasn't jazzed about working with." He further added that when showed a copy of Wouk's novel "...I was shocked at how good the writing was." His next film role was in the 2006 black comedy Big Nothing, in which he played a bitter, unemployed scientist.

Schwimmer made his directorial feature debut in the 2007 British comedy film Run Fatboy Run. The film stars Simon Pegg as an out of shape man who signs up for a marathon to convince his former fiancée and five-year-old son that he has turned his life around. When asked why he decided to direct the film, Schwimmer said: "As a director, I was struck by the challenge that I thought the script presented, which was that it was kind of three films in one. You had some great, big physical comedy, and I thought funny dialogue and characters. And then there was some real emotion to it with the relationship between the father and the son and the romance aspect." Run Fatboy Run garnered mixed reception, with the New York Daily News rating it one-and-a-half out of five stars and writing, "Most disappointing is how Schwimmer—who spent 10 seasons on a sitcom filled with hyperverbal characters—manages to bumble 'Fatboy's' tender moments." USA Today, however, was favorable towards Schwimmer, reporting he possesses filmmaking finesse "having wisely chosen strong comic material for his debut behind the camera." For his directorial work, he was nominated for a British Independent Film Award in the category of Best Debut Director.

On November 8, 2007, Schwimmer made a guest appearance in the second season of the television series 30 Rock, where he played Greenzo, an NBC environmental mascot. The following year, he was part of an ensemble cast that included Kate Beckinsale, Matt Dillon, Alan Alda, Angela Bassett, and Noah Wyle in the thriller Nothing But the Truth (2008). The movie received generally favorable reviews. The success of Madagascar led Schwimmer to return to the role of Melman in the 2008 sequel, Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa. The film earned US$603 million at the international box office. Schwimmer took part in directing in-studio segments for Little Britain USA, an American spin-off of the British BBC television series Little Britain. In regard to this, he commented that he had "a good time directing episodes" for the show.

In October 2008, Schwimmer made his Off-Broadway directorial debut in Fault Lines at the Cherry Lane Theatre in New York. The production won a mixed review from the Los Angeles Times, which wrote: "Based on Fault Lines ... we can't really tell whether Schwimmer has much talent as a director. We're surprised he didn't try something more challenging for his debut. If not much else, Schwimmer has encouraged his actors to intense their energy levels and comic timing at all costs". The New York Post, however, noted that Schwimmer "knows a thing or two about freewheeling banter ... and for a good while the play crackles with terrific dialogue, expertly delivered". In February 2009, he returned to theater in a Chicago production of Thornton Wilder's three-act play Our Town as George Gibbs at the Lookingglass Theatre. "Schwimmer ... turns in a poignant, richly textured and demonstrably heartfelt performance as George Gibbs. I've seen a fair bit of Schwimmer's post-Friends stage work in London and New York, and I've never seen him better", commented the Chicago Tribune.

On August 2, 2009, Schwimmer played himself in the sixth season of the HBO television series, Entourage. In the episode, Ari Gold's (Jeremy Piven) agency tries to steer his career back to television. Schwimmer directed his second feature, Trust, starring Clive Owen and Catherine Keener. The film, a drama, is about a family whose teenage daughter becomes victim of an online sexual predator. Trust premiered at the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival.

2010–present: Return to television
On January 1, 2011, Schwimmer guest-starred on the British comedy series Come Fly With Me starring Matt Lucas and David Walliams, whom he directed in Little Britain USA. The following year, he returned to voice Melman the Giraffe in Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted. In 2013, Schwimmer appeared as Josh Rosenthal, a mobster who was brought up by the notorious Roy DeMeo and part of the Gambino Family, alongside Michael Shannon in The Iceman.

In 2014, Schwimmer was cast as the lead in the ABC comedy pilot Irreversible, playing "one half of a somewhat eccentric, self-absorbed couple". In 2016, Schwimmer played Robert Kardashian in the first season of the FX anthology series American Crime Story. He received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for his performance. In January 2016, Schwimmer and Jim Sturgess were cast to star in the new AMC crime drama Feed the Beast. The series premiered on June 5, 2016, and aired 10 episodes through August before being canceled. In November 2016, it was announced that Schwimmer would star in his first audio series. Gimlet Media's podcast Homecoming began airing on November 16, 2016.

In April 2017, Schwimmer helped adapt the films of Sigal Avin for a US audience. The six short features depict sexual harassment at work by men on women.

In 2020, Schwimmer was cast as a main character in the British sitcom Intelligence broadcast on Sky One. In the same year, he was a celebrity reader on CBeebies Bedtime Stories, and was signed as the face of British banking chain TSB.

Schwimmer featured in Jews Don't Count, a 2022 documentary by British Jewish comedian David Baddiel on the subject of antisemitism. Schwimmer's contribution, in which he said that he has never felt white, was described as "erudite" by Rebecca Nicholson of The Guardian.

Personal life
Schwimmer dated singer-songwriter Natalie Imbruglia in the late 1990s. Schwimmer and Jennifer Aniston admitted to having crushes on each other early on while filming Friends during HBO Max's Friends: The Reunion. Schwimmer began a relationship with British artist Zoë Buckman in 2007 and they married on 4 June 2010. Their child Cleo Buckman Schwimmer was born in 2011. The couple announced in April 2017 that they were "taking some time apart". They divorced later that year. Schwimmer and his ex-wife are on good terms and continue to co-parent their child amicably. He tends to keep his personal life away from the media to preserve his daughter's childhood.

Schwimmer primarily lives in East Village, Manhattan. He previously had a loft in Near West Side, Chicago as well as a house in Hancock Park, Los Angeles.

In June 2006, Schwimmer won a US$400,000 defamation lawsuit against Aaron Tonken, a former charity fundraiser. Tonken claimed Schwimmer had demanded Rolex watches in order to appear at his own charity event, a claim that Schwimmer had denied.

Schwimmer is an active director of the Rape Treatment Center in Santa Monica, which specializes in helping victims of date rape and child rape. He has also campaigned for legislation to ban drugs such as Rohypnol and GHB. In November 2011, he gave the Scottish charity Children 1st permission to screen his film Trust to commemorate World Day for Prevention of Child Abuse and Violence against Children.

In 2012, he rebutted two longstanding rumors: one that he appeared as a soldier on a train in Biloxi Blues (1988), saying, "No. I don't know why that's on IMDb, but I never was in that" (the credit has been removed), and the other that he is related to dancer Lacey Schwimmer, saying, "No, not at all. Please set the record straight. I guess it's a natural assumption because we have the same last name, but no. I've never even met her".

title: David Schwimmer


text:
Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais

Bertrand-François Mahé, comte de La Bourdonnais (11 February 1699 – 10 November 1753) was a French naval officer and colonial administrator, in the service of the French East India Company.

Biography
La Bourdonnais entered the service of the French East India Company as a lieutenant. In 1724, he was promoted to captain, and displayed such bravery in the capture of Mahé on the Malabar Coast that the name of the town was added to his own; although an alternative account suggests that the town adopted his name, rather than the other way around. For two years he was in the service of the Portuguese Viceroy, but in 1735 he returned to French service as governor of the Isle de France (present-day Mauritius) and the Île de Bourbon (present-day Réunion). His first five years' administration of the islands was vigorous and successful. He significantly increased the enslaved African population in Isle de France (Mauritius) which grew from only 638 in 1735 by around 1,300 annually. Labourdonnais also brought 70 slaves for his own estate.

In 1744 Labourdonnais assembled a squadron of 3,342 men, including 720 slaves, and led a military expedition from Isle de France to Madras in India. His victory increased the rivalry with Governor of Pondicherry, Joseph François Dupleix. Soon Labourdonnais was accused of receiving money from the British East India Company and in 1746 he was forced to return to France to face trial and was jailed at the Bastille for 3 years. He was replaced by Pierre Félix Barthelemy David, the son of a director of the French East India Company.

Recognition and legacy
In 1742 his name was given to the main island (Mahé Island) of the Seychelles archipelago by French explorer Lazare Picault. In 1806 the French General Decaen founded and named the historic port village of Mahébourg in homage to Mahé de La Bourdonnais. Close to the village of Mapou, in Rivière du Rempart District, there is an estate named Domaine de Labourdonnais with its manor house known as Le Château de Labourdonnais, built in 1856, and now converted into a museum. A statue of La Bourdonnais was erected at Place D'Armes in Port Louis on 30 August 1859 during a ceremony. In Curepipe a school called Lycée La Bourdonnais was founded in 1953, where the curriculum is modelled on practices in France. There is another statue of La Bourdonnais in the port of Saint-Malo, France. In Saint-Denis, Réunion a statue of La Bourdonnais was also erected, and a suburb is named Cité Labourdonnais. However the statue and suburb in Reunion island have been the target of anti-slavery protesters since 2020.

Family
In March and April 1738 two of Labourdonnais' children died and in May 1738 his wife also died on Isle de France (Mauritius). His daughter Montlezun Pardiac continued to live on Isle de France (Mauritius) and received an annual pension of 3,000 Louis following a vote in the National Assembly in August 1798. His grandson was the strong chess player Louis-Charles Mahé de La Bourdonnais. In December 1827 a lead-lined coffin containing the remains of Labourdonnais' wife and child was discovered during repairs of a government building near the Jardin de la Compagnie.

Autobiography

 * B.-F. Mahé de La Bourdonnais: Mémoires historiques de B.-F. Mahé de La Bourdonnais, gouverneur des îles de France et de la Réunion, recueillis et publiés par son petit-fils... (Cte A.-C. Mahé de La Bourdonnais).  Paris, 1890  (with a second edition (Paris,1898))

Biography

 * Histoire, ou éloge historique de M. Mahé de La Bourdonnais. [n. p.: n. d.]
 * Île Maurice: Mahé de La Bourdonnais: documents réunis par le comité du bi-centenaire de La Bourdonnais, 11 février 1899, avec des annotations par le comité des souvenirs historiques. (2 août 1899).  Port-Louis : E. Pezzani, 1899
 * Étienne Buisson: Le mirage de l'Inde: la dramatique existence d'un grand Français au XVIIIe siècle : Bertrand Mahé de La Bourdonnais.  Paris : Hachette, 1937.
 * Pierre Crépin: Mahé de La Bourdonnais, gouverneur général des îles de France et de Bourbon (1699–1753) ... .   Paris : Leroux, n. d.
 * Louis Ducrocq: Une ingratitude nationale: La Bourdonnais, gouverneur des îles de France et de Bourbon, 1735–1746.  Arras : Sueur-Charruey, 1902  (Reprinted from the Revue de Lille of August 1902)
 * Philippe Haudrère: La Bourdonnais: marin et aventurier.  Paris : Desjonquères, 1992   ISBN 2-904227-63-6
 * E. Herpin: Mahé de La Bourdonnais et la Compagnie des Indes.  Saint-Brieuc : R. Prud'homme, 1905
 * Alfred de Longpérier-Grimoard: Notice historique sur La Bourdonnais.    Paris, 1856
 * Huguette Ly Tio Fane-Pineo: Île de France, 1715–1746. Tome I. L'émergence de Port Louis .  Moka (Île Maurice) : Mahatma Gandhi Institute, 1993   ISBN 99903-39-00-7
 * Michel Missoffe: Dupleix et La Bourdonnais: essai critique.   Paris : Ligue maritime et coloniale, 1943
 * Dureau Reydellet: Mahé de La Bourdonnais, gouverneur des Mascareignes.  Saint-Denis: Éd. CNH, 1994  (Cahiers de notre histoire; 45–46)   ISBN 2-909471-14-4
 * Louis Roubaud: La Bourdonnais.  Publication :  Paris : Plon, 1932    (Les grandes figures coloniales; 10)
 * Jackie Ryckebusch: Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais : entre les Indes et les Mascareignes.   Sainte-Clotilde : Éd. du CRI, 1989  (Collection: Figures)   ISBN 2-907017-05-5
 * Robert Surcouf: Souvenirs historiques sur Mahé de La Bourdonnais: le combat de La Hogue. Eloge de La Tour d'Auvergne. Portzmoguer (Primauguet).  Saint-Malo, 1886
 * Le Guide de Pondichéry. L'unique guide français de Pondichéry. Editions Presse Bureau 2008/2009. Pondicherry.
 * Pondicherry Heritage Trail. Published by INTACH, Pondicherry. December 2007.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Talk:Gender role

Wiki Education assignment: Gender and Culture
— Assignment last updated by Jeyoungx (talk) 17:38, 23 October 2023 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: University Writing 1020 Communicating Feminism MW 1 pm
— Assignment last updated by Cjsmith7 (talk) 23:07, 25 February 2024 (UTC)

Gender role is one thing, discrimination against women is another
A lot of the recent content (almost entirely unsourced) added recently (mostly here) is not pertinent to the topic of this article. It would be fine in an article about misogyny or discrimination against women, or gender inequality, and perhaps other articles, but gender role is about something else, and adding information about how relatively few actresses are hired or represented with speaking roles is not relevant to what the gender roles are. Is there a confusion about the different meanings of "film role" and "gender role perhaps? has been doing a valiant effort to try and rescue this, but I just don't think it's living in the right article. A lot of the content looks promising, and if cited would well deserve a place somewhere, but I don't believe this is the right place for it. Unless someone can make an argument for keeping it here, as opposed to elsewhere, I plan to remove it at some point. Adding ., could you review sourcing with this editor?  They did add one source later, but that isn't close to adequate, whether the content remains here, or moves elswehwere.  Thanks, Mathglot (talk) 01:27, 6 March 2024 (UTC)
 * There had been an existing subsection for Media that was in the midst of a subsection for Studies on marriage in the U.S., that did not really seem to directly relate to marriage, and when it began to be further expanded, this made it clear it all needed to move, so I created a new main section. I have added templates to various new subsections with the hope editors could receive this as constructive feedback, consult their instructor and WikiEd support, and have some time to develop the content., I think your comments about how the new content relates to the article topic are helpful, and I think this could be an opportunity for editors to consider how to further develop the content either in this article or elsewhere. Thank you, Beccaynr (talk) 01:58, 6 March 2024 (UTC)
 * As a follow up comment, and pinging editors who have recently contributed content:, , , and , as well as ; on Google Scholar, searches for gender roles and social media, gender roles and film, and gender roles and television may offer useful sources to help develop content in this article. Beccaynr (talk) 18:58, 6 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Thank you @Mathglot and @Beccaynr for your helpful commentary and links. I've reached out to the students and asked them to participate in this discussion and to address the unsourced work asap. Hope they make it out here, but if they don't, they're aware that unsourced work can/will be reverted. Brianda (Wiki Ed) (talk) 22:55, 7 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Extending Beccaynr's sourcing link idea with these "find sources" links:
 * Find sources for  and ...
 * Thanks, Mathglot (talk) 00:15, 10 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Thanks, Mathglot (talk) 00:15, 10 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Thanks, Mathglot (talk) 00:15, 10 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Thanks, Mathglot (talk) 00:15, 10 March 2024 (UTC)

Moved two sections from the article to this section for further work, or to be picked up and moved to a more relevant article if desired:

Women’s roles in television tend to be focused on their relationships with men rather than their own personal goals. Many examples of this are prevalent in teen drama shows (E.g. The Vampire Diaries, Gilmore Girls, One Tree Hill). These shows tend to revolve around an everlasting love triangle that throughout the run of the show destroys relationships that the female character has with others. It also paints the image that women in television are only seen as sex objects which shines a negative light on women in real life

Many female characters' personalities seem to revolve around their love life rather than any true, redeeming qualities they may have (ncbi.gov, Sex Roles). Their appearance also is seen as their “best trait” in many cases. When casting, casting directors tend to look for certain traits when casting female leads for shows. This includes being thin, pretty, tall, etc. These qualities are looked at more compared to others because these are the believed qualities that will attract viewers to continue watching the show (Susan D. Witt, lewisu.edu). These qualities are compared to those of men that include being strong, smart, ambitious, etc. Remarks made towards them throughout the show, and while at award shows/premieres, emphasizes that this is something that people want in order to make their show more appealing.

Dr. Martha Lauzen, an executive director at San Diego State University, wrote a report that found that when women are producing or directing shows more women get hired (Corinne Segal, PBS). The number of women working in the television industry is already low, women television directors making up only 12%, which means the amount of women being hired is also much lower. Additional research found that streaming services have a higher percentage of women actors compared to broadcast television (Elizabeth Blair, NPR). Women's speaking roles on streaming services make up 47% while on broadcast television it makes up 45%. This is the same with main character roles for women which make up 50% on streaming services and only 48% on broadcast television.

With appearances being a very prevalent part of television, actresses' appearances changing is showcased to the world no matter how big or small. Women tend to be bashed online when something has changed in their appearance. Many women who begin acting as children, and continue acting into adulthood, get bullied by magazines or tabloids over natural appearance changes that they can’t help. An example of this is Sasha Pieterse from Pretty Little Liars. She was heavily criticized online for gaining weight throughout the course of the show. She spoke about how these comments negatively affected her but she continued to get hate. Ageism is something else that many women experience as they are in the spotlight over time. Brooke Shields is quoted saying, “It's like you go from sexy to Depends,” (All Things Considered, NPR).

Studies have shown that the portrayal of women in films differs from that of men in film. Theorists, such as Laura Mulvey, Judith Mayne, Noël Carroll, and others all discuss how the roles of women within films tend to fit a certain misogynistic and stereotypical purpose, which tends to be to fit the male gaze, over-sexualize women, or further the classical gender roles placed on women. These ideas can be seen within some of the most well-known films, such as the Twilight Saga, the Transformers series, Wolf of Wall Street, and many of the original Disney Princess Films.

Within Keisha Hoerrner’s article about gender roles in Disney films, Hoerrner explores the ways in which women characters all throughout the Disney film franchise are portrayed, and how these misogynistic stereotypes could be affecting the perspectives of the young minds who are consuming these films. Hoerrner compares the differences between how heroes and heroines are displayed throughout several Disney films, describing how the heroines tend to be more dependent on male assistance or validation to be successful in their goals, while male heroes are shown in a more self-sufficient and brave light.

San Diego State University conducted a study and found that the percentage of women speaking roles within films declined from 37% in 2022 to 35% in 2023, and the number of female characters in major roles remained at 38%. SDSU also found that the percentage of films with female protagonists contracted from 33% in 2022 to 28% in 2023.

Many theorists have used the Bechdel Test as a scale of how “feminist” a film is. It has been found that some of the most famous and popular films that are consumed by the general public do not pass the Bechdel Test, and most feminist theorists argue the consumption of films that do not pass the test negatively contributes to the continuation of unfair gender roles. Some films that have been reported not to pass the Bechdel test are The Avengers, The Lord of the Rings, The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, The Lion King, Star Wars original trilogy, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Casablanca, and Finding Nemo.

If nothing happens with this in a couple of weeks, I will remove the collapsed content. It's still available in article history (or here), of course. Brianda, not sure if you want to ping any of the student editors on this. Mathglot (talk) 08:33, 14 March 2024 (UTC)

 * Sending smoke signals to @Laeismann, @Adakirkland, @Calliehoffman, @Oliviawamble. The editors on this discussion have provided helpful links to find reliable sources and created this collapsed section to improve the content. I encourage you to fix the issues so that the content can continue to be on Wikipedia Brianda (Wiki Ed) (talk) 16:45, 14 March 2024 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Race in America, sec 1
— Assignment last updated by Tinytornado14 (talk) 16:59, 25 March 2024 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Psychology of Gender
— Assignment last updated by Zisha68 (talk) 02:34, 29 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gender role


text:
Talk:Big cats

removing:

 * Big Cats are carnivores and tend to hunt solatary and kill animals from

the deer family.( such as Elk, Deer, Wildebeest, etc.)

because, aside from the carnivore thing, lions hunt in groups, and zebras aren't deer AFAIK.

---

Why is the ocelot listed as a big cat? Ocelots are not that big at all! Historicaly, the name Big Cat was used only for members of the Panthera genus. Species like Puma, Lynx and Cheetah are certainly big, but they were not listed among the Big Cats. However, recently some 'small' cats have been listed with the Panthera genus in one group: the marbled cat (Pardofelis marmorata) for example. Recent molecular analyses have shown that the Puma, Cheetah and Lynxes ARE related to each other, and to the marbled cat. So, the use of 'Big Cat' is making no sense, biologicaly.

(Sorry for my English, it's not bad, but also not perfect. It's not my mother tongue. I'm neither familiar with the Wikipedia 'rules' so I hope this is the correct way to 'talk' about an entry)

DaMatriX

merge
the article from this page was merged into Big cat. [[User:Lachatdelarue|Lachatdelarue (talk)]] 22:37, 11 Sep 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Big cats


text:
Talk:Cognotechnology

I think the loony scientist that came up with this term is at Lawrence Livermore Labs. He was quoted in SmallTimes magazine or some such nanotechnology journal.

Normally we'd wait until the term was more common, but it seems likely that the guy will be muzzled, and the only purpose of leaking this much was to find out who else is working on this or willing to work on it. No doubt we'll hear it was stopped orsuppressed, like the Office of Strategic Influence, but of course we'll have no way whatsoever of knowing whether it's stopped or is pursuing in some dark lab somewhere.

So, this may be the only light of day this subject sees, until they have some working model... kind of like human cloning.

Since the IP range of the person who wrote this page is the same as banned user User:EntmootsOfTrolls (see User:142.177.etc), I am suspicious that they wrote it. Maximus Rex 02:26, 29 Oct 2003 (UTC)

--- I fundamentally think the fundamental goal of this particular research (w.r.t. the ability to sense and control human minds/brains) and the results of the research (if successful) need to be treated in the same category as what would be, if there was a research project to deploy nuclear powered cars. The possibility / probability of misuse and fallout is just too high - and unlike the latter -it wouldnt be a finite number of humans -but entire cultures and societies which could be destroyed - in essence - through violation of every possible fundamental right of the human being. This in my sincerest opinion constitutes instances where questions of "ethics and technology" ,"how techno-advanced is enough techno-advanced?" , "security of technology and measures to create the security" ,"who are the bodies that hold this technology and what rights should they be provided to utilize this technology" ... should rightfully be raised. -Anup R. Joshi (Grad Student).

explain cat tag?
Male1979 put this page in Category:Anti-cult terms and concepts. I'm a bit curious on the logic behind this, since the article does not mention cults at all in any form. -- Antaeus Feldspar 22:41, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

Answered on User's talk page. Ben please vote! 05:32, May 17, 2005 (UTC)

Dreadful article, since 2003
This article is an embarrassment to Wikipedia. Everything here is taken directly from a report of the supposed remarks of one Gerald Yonas, who doesn't even seem to have his own article, except for the quote from Rita Colwell which seems to be here just to demonstrate that someone else respectable has used the term. I would rather like to know whether this term is actually in common use, and if so what it is used to refer to; unfortunately[?], a cursory Google suggests the answer to the former question is "no." 68.34.238.237 (talk) 03:10, 1 June 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cognotechnology


text:
User:Oeln

..

title: User:Oeln


text:
Parañaque

Parañaque, officially the City of Parañaque (Lungsod ng Parañaque, ), is a first class highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 689,992 people.

It is bordered to the north by Pasay, to the northeast by Taguig, to the southeast by Muntinlupa, to the southwest by Las Piñas, and to the west by Manila Bay. Like the rest of Metro Manila, Parañaque experiences a tropical climate with only two distinct seasons, wet (July to September) and dry (October to June). The city enjoys an annual rainfall of 1822 mm and an average daily maximum temperature of 34.4 C.

Parañaque is the home of Entertainment City, a gaming and entertainment complex under development by the state-owned Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation, spanning an area of 8 sqkm in Bay City, where four large integrated resorts are based namely Solaire Resort & Casino, City of Dreams Manila, Okada Manila, and the soon to be completed Westside City Resorts World. It is also the home of the Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange public transport terminal and the Aseana City business district development which includes Ayala Malls Manila Bay.

Etymology
Several myths exist as to how Parañaque got its name. One story holds that long ago, a balete (banyan) tree that looked like a majestic ship stood at the mouth of what is now called the Parañaque River. It earned the name Palanyag, taken from the term "palayag", which means “point of navigation”.

Another folktale says that before the Spaniards arrived, there were natives who lived close to Manila Bay, and their occupation was fishing (pangingisdâ). Their neighbours to the east in present-day Muntinlupa were farmers and called "tagá-palayán" ("of the rice paddies"). One day, the fishermen and rice farmers held a feast, and were drunk from tubâ (coconut toddy). One farmer suggested they name the whole place "Palayán" as a sign of cooperation and goodwill between them. A fisherman protested, saying they should name it "Palalayag" instead. As a compromise, they agreed to merge the two words and came up with "Palalanyag". Another drunken guest shouted, “Mabuhay ang Palanyag at ang mga tagá-Palanyag!” ("Long live Palanyag and those of Palanyag!") The rest liked this word better, and the place was called "Palanyag".

A third myth tells that Spanish soldiers in a horse-drawn carriage asked to be taken to a certain place. When they arrived, one of the soldiers ordered, "¡Para aquí! ¡Para aquí!" (“Stop here! Stop here!”), which the coachman did not understand. The soldier repeated it and later, the coachman left the carriage and told others “These Spaniards are repeatedly saying "para aniya ake...para aniya ake” to the laughter of the crowd. The story spread, and the term "Para Aniya Ake" stuck.

Historical account
"On the coast near Manila are Laguo (i.e. Lagyo), Malahat, Longalo, Palañac, Vakol, Minacaya, and Cavite. All these villages are in the neighborhood of Cavite, and belong to His Majesty, to whom they pay tribute."

– Miguel de Loarca, Relación de Yslas Filipinas (1582) Historically speaking, the earliest Spanish records (de Loarca's Relación etc.) listed the settlement as "Palañac", which indicates that by at least the late 16th century, the place's name was something akin to "Palanyag".

Early history
Due to their proximity to the sea, the early Parañaqueños traded with the Chinese, Japanese, Indonesians, Indians, and Malays. Traditional occupations and trades included saltmaking, fishing, planting rice, shoemaking, slipper-making and weaving.

Spanish and American colonial eras
Parañaque was officially founded in the year 1580 by Order of Saint Augustine and it was Fray Diego de Espiñar, O.S.A. who became the first minister of the town. The Council of the Definitors (a conference of chiefs of the religious orders) held on May 11, 1580 (Conquistas delas Islas of Fray Gaspar San Agustin, O.S.A.) accepted the village of Palanyag, as Parañaque, as an independent pueblo. Other towns in the islands which simultaneously established on the same date according to the 1580 chapter of the Augustinians were Malolos (in Bulacan), Bulacabe (on Panay) and Bantayan (in Cebu). The image of Palanyag's patroness, Nuestra Señora del Buen Suceso de Palanyag, was brought to Saint Andrew's Parish in La Huerta on August 10, 1625. Nuestra Señora del Buen Suceso de Palanyag is the third oldest Marian Image in the Philippines.

Early Spanish census dated 1591 to 1593 also mentioned Longalo and Parañaque as two villages along Manila Bay composed of some 800 tribute-payers. Politically, Don Galo and Parañaque were then under the Encomienda and Provincia de Tondo. The community was headed by cabezas de barangay, a westernized version of datus (chieftains), and the principalía (Hispanicised local nobility), who together justified and moderated the demands of the Spanish colonizers. Education was limited to the principalía as they were the only ones who could afford it.

Historical accounts state that the town's strategic location enabled the townspeople to play an important role in Philippine history. Palanyag was located at the crossroads of Manila, between the provinces of Cavite and Batangas. In 1574, during the invasion of the town by the Chinese pirate Limahong, Parañaquenos, particularly those from Don Galo, heroically aided in preventing the attack on Manila. This incident became known as the "Red Sea Incident" due to the blood that flowed through the sacrifice of the people of barrio Santa Monica. With the arrival of Spanish forces led by Captain Juan de Salcedo from Ilocos, Limahong was finally repulsed, and the occupation of the town was averted.

When the British invaded Manila in 1762, the townspeople once again remained loyal to the Spanish colonizers, especially the Augustinians. The invasion however showed that the Spaniards was not invincible and that their rule was not to be permanent. More than a hundred years later, this would prove to be true. During the Philippine Revolution of 1896–1898, the Spaniards realized that the town was a practical gateway to Cavite, the bastion of the revolutionary Katipuneros. Conversely, the Katipuneros based in Cavite saw the town as their gateway to Intramuros, the Spanish seat of government in Manila. Prominent Paraqueños such as Manuel Quiogue and secular priest Father Pedro Dandan y Masangkay became leading revolutionary figures.

During the American Period of the Philippines, Parañaque became part of the newly established province of Rizal in 1901. The municipality was previously part of the province of Manila, which was in turn disestablished.

On October 12, 1903, Las Piñas was merged to become part of Parañaque. However, it was later separated on March 27, 1907 to become an independent town once again.

Japanese occupation era
On January 1, 1942, Parañaque was one of the towns of Rizal that was merged with Manila and Quezon City to form the City of Greater Manila. During the Japanese occupation of the Philippines in World War II, Parañaque supplied leadership to guerilla movements such as the Hunters ROTC, as well as food and arms. Parañaque was one of the first towns to be liberated and its guerillas helped pave the way for the combined American and Philippine Commonwealth forces to enter the south of Manila. As can be gleaned from the above, Parañaque has played and continues to play a strategic role in the Philippines' political and economic progress, as shown by the quick recovery the town shown following the damage it incurred during the long Battle of Manila in 1945. The City of Greater Manila was disestablished effective August 1, 1945.

Philippine independence
In late 1959, 17-year-old Arturo Porcuna murdered Serafin Ong, a Lyceum of the Philippines student who belonged to a prominent family in Manila, at the Barbecue Plaza along Dewey Boulevard (now Roxas Boulevard); it was among Porcuna's first criminal acts that lead to his notoriety as a gangster of the alias "Boy Golden".

In 1965, barrios Baclaran and Tambo were excised from Parañaque to form part of the newly-established municipality of Baclaran. However, the Supreme Court of the Philippines later voided the creation of the new municipality, thus returning the aforementioned barrios to Parañaque.

On November 7, 1975, Parañaque was separated from Rizal and became part of Metropolitan Manila or the National Capital Region by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 824.

Cityhood
Parañaque was later converted as the eleventh city of Metro Manila on February 15, 1998, and was chartered and urbanized through President Fidel V. Ramos during the celebration of the city's 418th Founding Anniversary. Incumbent Joey Marquez became its first city mayor.

Contemporary
Owing to Parañaque's strategic location, it is an important center for trade and business in Metro Manila. Baclaran, where a large number of dry goods stores are located, is one of the busiest markets in the country. Small fishing villages called “fisherman's wharves” are also situated alongside Barangay La Huerta, where the famous DAMPA, a seaside market with numerous restaurants serving fresh seafood, is found. This has the country's international airport and the Duty Free Philippines for imported goods and Entertainment City where three integrated resorts (IR) licensed by Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation (PAGCOR) are located. On October 9, 2018, the Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange, the first landport in the Philippines, was officially opened.

Geography
Parañaque is situated in the southern portion of Metro Manila. It is subdivided into two distinct districts, each of which contains eight barangays. The 1st District consists of Baclaran, Tambo, Don Galo, Santo Niño, La Huerta, San Dionisio, San Isidro and Vitalez, while the 2nd District consists of Barangays BF Homes, San Antonio, Marcelo Green, Sun Valley, Don Bosco, Moonwalk, Merville and San Martin de Porres.

Districts and barangays
Parañaque is politically subdivided into 16 barangays.

Territorial disputes and discrepancies
Parañaque is involved in an unresolved territorial dispute with Muntinlupa. The sitio of Bagong Silang, currently under the jurisdiction of Muntinlupa's Barangay Sucat, is disputed with Barangay BF Homes. It occupies a former property of National Power Corporation spanning an area of 4.1 sqkm. Additionally, Sitio Pagkakaisa in barangay San Martin de Porres is erroneously considered as part of Sucat.

Moreover, in around 2001, Parañaque resolved a territorial dispute with Taguig, agreeing that the Bicutan Market and the Bicutan Interchange would be part of Parañaque.

Language
The native languages of Parañaque are Tagalog and Spanish, Parañaque being the natal place of the great Filipino writer Manuel Bernabé, but the majority of the residents can understand and speak English, and the use and knowledge of Spanish in Parañaque is now almost non-existent.

Religion
Most of Parañaque's population are Christians, mainly Roman Catholic.

Roman Catholic churches in Parañaque are under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Parañaque. There are two National Shrines, the National Shrine of Our Mother of Perpetual Help (commonly known as the Baclaran Church or Redemptorist Church) and the National Shrine of Mary Help of Christians; the Parañaque Cathedral or the Cathedral Parish of St. Andrew is the oldest church in Parañaque and the mother church of the Diocese of Parañaque. There are about 90 parishes and 2 sub-parishes. El Shaddai, a Catholic charismatic renewal movement, is centered in the city.

Born Again Evangelical Christian Churches Christ Commission Fellowship BF Parañaque, Greenhills Christian Fellowship Sucat, Jesus Is Lord Church Worldwide Parañaque, Word International Ministries, Victory Christian Fellowship Parañaque, Citygate Christian Ministries, South Gate Baptist Church are also located in this city.

The Greek Orthodox Church (from which the icon of the Perpetual Help originated) also has a cathedral in United Paranaque V - the Annunciation of the Theotokos Orthodox Cathedral - the first Orthodox church in Southeast Asia consecrated by the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. [16 ]

Other Christian denominations include the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Iglesia ni Cristo and Members Church of God International. There are also a number of non-Catholic (mostly Protestant) churches in Parañaque.

There is also a minority of Muslims, primarily living on Baclaran. There are mosques in Parañaque.

Shopping centers
Parañaque also relies on shopping centers as part of its economy. The principal malls include SM City Sucat (opened in July 2001), SM City Bicutan (opened in 2002), and SM City BF Parañaque (opened in 2016), all owned and operated by SM Supermalls of SM Prime Holdings. Ayala Malls Manila Bay, the largest Ayala Mall, started its operation in 2019. Robinsons operates one mall inside BF Homes and one supermarket. Parqal shopping mall is located at Aseana City. There are also smaller malls like Jaka Plaza, Pergola Lifestyle Mall, Aseana Square Mall, and Noah's Place Mall. Walter Mart has two malls of its franchise in Parañaque. Duty-Free Fiesta Mall is also located in Parañaque. Baclaran functions as the city's flea market, primarily selling clothing, especially school uniforms and costumes.

Hotel and Gambling
Hotels and gambling also form part of Parañaque's economy. Integrated resorts Solaire Resort & Casino, City of Dreams Manila and Okada Manila attract foreign tourists. Closed in 2014, Casino Filipino once served as a casino in the city until the opening of Entertainment City. Cockfighting is also common in the barangays. The Roligon Mega-Cockpit, found in Tambo, is considered as the largest and most modern cockpit in Asia.

Local government
Parañaque is composed of two congressional districts and two legislative districts which are further subdivided into 16 barangays. 1st District consists of eight barangays in the western half of the city, whilst 2nd District consists of eight barangays in the eastern half of the city.

The Parañaque City Hall, located in Barangay San Antonio, serves as the seat of the city government. Opened in 1971, it replaced the Presidencia, the old municipal hall in Barangay La Huerta that is now occupied by the Ospital ng Parañaque. It will also have a satellite office in Entertainment City.

Festivals
Parañaque is famous for its lively festivals, such as the Caracol, a festival that revolves around boats.

The Sunduan Festival is a tradition in the city that depicts the act of a man fetching the object of his affection from the woman's home to bring her to church or the town plaza. Both festivals are held around February 13–15 for the cityhood of Parañaque's anniversary.

The city stages the cenaculo, a reenactment of the passion of Christ, during Holy Week, the Pasko ng Pagkabuhay during Easter, and the Santacruzan, a procession reenacting the search of the True Cross of Christ, in May. Shortly thereafter, the colorful Flores de Mayo, a festival commemorating the discovery of the cross by Queen Elena (mother of St. Constantine) is held.

An outstanding feature of this historic town by the bay is the cultivation of its cultural traditions such as the komedya and bati-bati, among others, that continue to attract local and foreign tourists alike, especially during the summer months.

Parañaque is known for sabong, a form of cockfighting constrained in coliseums.

Sports
Parañaque's only professional sports team is the Parañaque Patriots of the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL). The Patriots are one of the ten founding members of the MPBL, beginning play in the 2018 season. That season also saw the league's first playoff upset, when Parañaque as the seventh seed defeated the second-seeded Bulacan Kuyas in the Quarterfinals of the 2018 playoffs. The Patriots play their home games at Olivarez College Gymnasium at the campus of Olivarez College.

Railway
Parañaque is served by the LRT-1 (via Baclaran station which is located in Pasay) and the PNR (via Bicutan station).

The LRT-1 is to be extended to Bacoor. The actual construction officially started on May 7, 2019, because the right-of-way was cleared from obstructions. The actual construction will start from Baclaran to Sucat. The groundbreaking of LRT Line 1 South Extension Project was held on May 4, 2017. Once it becomes operational, Parañaque will be served by the LRT-1 (via Redemptorist, Manila International Airport, Asia World, Ninoy Aquino, and Dr. Santos). The extension is slated for partial operations by late 2024 or early 2025 and full operations by second quarter of 2027.

On the other hand, the PNR's South Main Line operations is suspended since 2024 due to the construction of the elevated North–South Commuter Railway with a station at Bicutan. The station is also tentatively planned as part of the Metro Manila Subway.

Airport
Parañaque is the location of Terminal 1 of Ninoy Aquino International Airport as the airport complex sits on the Pasay-Parañaque border. The terminal is accessible via Ninoy Aquino Avenue and is where many major international airlines operate.

Road network

Parañaque is served by a network of expressways and arterial roads.

Expressways, like Skyway, South Luzon Expressway (Skyway At-Grade), and Manila-Cavite Expressway (CAVITEX), connect the city with the rest of Metro Manila and Calabarzon. The at-grade portion of Skyway in Parañaque has two service roads, namely the West Service Road and East Service Road, which both serves the communities and businesses lying near the expressway. The NAIA Expressway is an elevated airport expressway that connects Ninoy Aquino International Airport, CAVITEX, Skyway and Entertainment City. The section of CAVITEX–C-5 Link from Santo Niño to CAVITEX is under construction and will directly connect Circumferential Road 5 (C-5) with CAVITEX.

Dr. Santos Avenue (formerly Sucat Road), Roxas Boulevard, Doña Soledad Avenue and Quirino Avenue function as the city's principal arterial roads. Carlos P. Garcia Avenue (C-5 South Extension), which has been involved in land ownership controversies involving then-Senator Manny Villar, serves as secondary arterial roads.

BF Homes Parañaque is served also by a network of arterial roads, serving residential and commercial areas within it.

Public utility vehicles
Similar to other cities in Metro Manila, public utility vehicles (PUV) such as buses, jeepneys, tricycles, and UV Express ply throughout Parañaque to serve commuters. The Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange (PITX) serves as an intermodal transport hub for PUVs. PITX is also planned to connect with the future Asia World LRT-1 station.

Education
Parañaque has a diverse educational system with specializations in various academic and technical fields. It is home to many schools and colleges such as PATTS College of Aeronautics which focuses on producing students specialized in the realm of Aviation around the world, Olivarez College, the only school accredited with both the Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities (PAASCU) and the Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities - Commission on Accreditation (PACUCOA) which specializes in Health-Related Sciences such as Nursing, Radiologic Technology, Physical Therapy, and Midwifery, Parañaque Science High School, St. Andrew's School (oldest private school in Parañaque, established 1917), St. Paul College of Parañaque, Manresa School, Sacred Heart School and Ann Arbor Learning Center amongst many others.

As of 2024, the Department of Education's Division of Parañaque City oversees elementary schools and secondary schools in the city. Additionally, an annex of Sucat Elementary School, which is under the Schools Division Office (SDO) of Muntinlupa City, is located in Sitio Pagkakaisa in barangay San Martin de Porres.

Notable personalities

 * Fr. Pedro Dandan y Masangkay - revolutionary secular Catholic priest and member of Secularization movement in the Philippines
 * Manuel Bernabe - politician, journalist, and poet known for as the author of the hymn No Mas Amor Que El Tuyo
 * Jaime Ferrer - 12th Secretary of the Interior and Local Government, World War II guerilla and freedom fighter
 * Most Rev. Francisco De Leon - 4th Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Antipolo
 * Teresita de Castro - de jure 24th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines
 * Roilo Golez - former legislator and former National Security Adviser
 * Freddie Webb - actor, comedian, radio host, former PBA player and former Senator
 * Leila de Lima - lawyer, former Senator and former Secretary of the Philippine Department of Justice
 * Risa Hontiveros - activist, politician, Senator
 * Pilita Corrales - singer, actress, comedian, TV host
 * Joey Marquez - actor, comedian, TV host, former politician, former basketball player
 * Edwin Olivarez - politician
 * Anjo Yllana - actor, comedian, TV host, former Councilor and former Vice Mayor
 * Val Sotto - actor, comedian, former City Councilor
 * Alma Moreno - actress, TV host, dancer, Councilor (1st District)
 * Roselle Nava - singer, actress, TV host, former Councilor (1st District)
 * Jomari Yllana - actor, dancer, Councilor (1st District)
 * Eric Fructoso – actor, comedian, dancer
 * Mary Michelle De Guzman - model, dancer & Miss Paranaque 2018
 * Karen Davila - broadcaster, TV host, reporter
 * Henry Omaga-Diaz - broadcaster, TV host, reporter
 * Dolphy - actor, TV host, comedian
 * Gina Pareño - actress
 * Kazel Kinouchi - actress, model, former PBB Housemate
 * Andrew E. - rapper, TV host, comedian
 * Geoff Eigenmann - actor, TV host, former MYX VJ
 * Gerphil Flores - singer
 * Enrique Gil - actor, dancer, model, TV host
 * Princess Velasco - singer, TV host
 * Rianna Chua - singer, dancer & current member of P Pop Female Group "MNL 48"
 * Bianca Gonzalez-Intal - TV host, Pinoy Big Brother: Celebrity Edition third celebrity placer
 * Max Eigenmann - actress, singer and model
 * Kathy Bersola - Volleyball Player
 * Dawn Chang - dancer, actress, TV host, former PBB Housemate
 * Phoemela Barranda - model, host, actress
 * Ken Chan - actor, singer, TV host, photographer
 * Rita De Guzman - actress, singer, TV host
 * Bianca Manalo - Binibining Pilipinas-Universe 2009, actress, TV host, former PAL Flight Attendant
 * Loisa Andalio - ex-PBB Housemate, actress, TV host, dancer, former P Pop member of Girltrends
 * Edward Hagedorn - former Mayor of Puerto Princesa Palawan & former congressman of 3rd district of Palawan
 * Japs Sergio -former bassist/vocals of Rivermaya
 * Gian Magdangal - singer, TV host, actor, stage actor
 * AJ Perez - blogger, motivational speaker
 * Sam Pinto - actress, model, TV host, former PBB Housemate
 * Baron Giesler - actor, former PBB Celebrity Housemate
 * Stef Prescott - actress, TV host, StarStruck Batch 4 Avenger Alumni
 * Sue Ramirez - actress, TV host, model
 * Khalil Ramos - singer, actor, TV host
 * Ram Revilla - actor
 * Biboy Rivera - bowler
 * Medwin Marfil - lead band singer of True Faith
 * Sam Colosso - Model, Actress, TV host & Grand Winner Its Showtime Sexy Babe Grand Finals
 * Mariel Rodriguez-Padilla - actress, TV host, former MTV VJ
 * Bianca Umali - actress, TV host
 * Dimples Romana - actress, TV host, Grand Winner Bb. Parañaque City 2000
 * Jake Roxas - actor
 * RJ Padilla - actor & Former PBB Housemate
 * Gabbi Garcia - actress, TV host
 * Aiah Arceta - singer, rapper, actress, member of P Pop Girl Group Bini
 * Lloyd Cadena - YouTube Vlogger, radio DJ, comedian
 * Dominic Ochoa - actor, comedian, TV Host
 * Korina Sanchez-Roxas - broadcaster, TV host, pet advocate
 * Pinky Webb - broadcaster, TV host, reporter
 * Jason Webb - former basketball player, sportscaster and Councilor (1st District), current Purefoods Star Hotshots coach, sports commentator
 * Andrea Abaya - ex PBB Housemate, TV host, actress, model
 * Wendell Ramos - actor, TV host, comedian
 * Sheldon Gellada - Bassist of the Hale Band
 * Jondan Salvador - PBA Basketball Player for Barako Bull
 * Reynante Jamili - former Filipino Boxer
 * Richard Hwan - ex PBB Housemate & Model
 * JC de Vera - actor, TV host
 * Ricky Davao - actor, director
 * Therese Malvar - actress, TV host, model
 * Yam Concepcion - model, actress, dancer
 * Andi Manzano - TV host, radio host, model, former MTV VJ
 * Christian Vasquez - actor, model, former PBB Celebrity Housemate
 * Michael Christian Martinez - Filipino figure skater who represented the Philippines at the 2014 Winter Olympics and the 2018 Winter Olympics.
 * Lincoln Cortez Velasquez (Cong TV) - vlogger
 * Fred Payawan - actor, model
 * Mimiyuuuh - vlogger, comedian
 * Vandolph - actor, comedian, Councilor (1st District)
 * Winwyn Marquez - tv host, actress, model, former beauty queen
 * Alexa Ilacad - actress, singer, former Goin' Bulilit member, and former PBB housemate
 * KD Estrada - actor, singer-songwriter, former PBB housemate

Sister cities

 * Local
 * Cebu City, Cebu
 * Panabo, Davao del Norte
 * Tagum, Davao del Norte
 * Iloilo City, Iloilo
 * Malabon, Metro Manila
 * Las Piñas, Metro Manila
 * Pasay, Metro Manila
 * Navotas, Metro Manila
 * Tangub, Misamis Occidental
 * Bacolod, Negros Occidental

 * Foreign
 * 🇰🇷 Haeundae District, Busan, South Korea
 * 🇺🇸 Carson, California, United States

title: Parañaque