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Queen consort

A queen consort is the wife of a reigning king, and usually shares her spouse's social rank and status. She holds the feminine equivalent of the king's monarchical titles and may be crowned and anointed, but historically she does not formally share the king's political and military powers, unless on occasion acting as regent.

In contrast, a queen regnant is a female monarch who rules suo jure (Latin for, "in her own right") and usually becomes queen by inheriting the throne upon the death of the previous monarch.

A queen dowager is a widowed queen consort, and a queen mother is a queen dowager who is the mother of the current monarch.

Titles
When a title other than king is held by the sovereign, his wife can be referred to by the feminine equivalent, such as princess consort or empress consort.

In monarchies where polygamy has been practised in the past (such as Morocco and Thailand), or is practised today (such as the Zulu nation and the various Yoruba polities), the number of the king’s wives and their status varies. In Morocco, King Mohammed VI has broken with tradition and given his wife, Lalla Salma, the title of princess; prior to his reign, the Moroccan monarchy had no such title. In Thailand, the king and queen must both be of royal descent; his other consorts need not be royal before marriage to him but are accorded royal titles that confer status. A Zulu chieftain designates one of his wives as "Great Wife", an equivalent to queen consort.

The situation is more complex in Yorubaland. All of a chief's consorts are essentially of equal rank. Although one wife, usually the one married to the chief for the longest time, may be given a chieftaincy of her own to highlight her relatively higher status compared to the other wives, she does not share her husband's ritual power as a chieftain. When a woman is to be vested with an authority similar to that of the chief, she is usually a lady courtier in his service who, although not married to him, is expected to lead his female subjects on his behalf.

In the Ottoman Empire, haseki sultan (حاصكي سلطان; Ḫāṣekī Sulṭān; ) was the title held by the lawful wife and imperial consort of the sultan. The title was first used in the 16th century by Hurrem Sultan, wife of Suleiman the Magnificent, replacing the previous title of "Baş Kadın ("Head Lady"). The bearer of the title occupied the second most important position in the Ottoman Empire for a female after valide sultan (queen mother).

While the wife of a king is usually given the title of queen, there is much less consistency for the husband of a reigning queen. The title of king consort is rare. Examples are Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, in Scotland and Francis, Duke of Cádiz, in Spain. Antoine of Bourbon-Vendôme in Navarre and Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha in Portugal also gained the title. In Portugal, because of the practice of jure uxoris, both King Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburgo-Gotha and his predecessor, King Pedro of Portugal, were treated as ruling kings in protocol and were thus symbolically co-rulers with their wives, but both really had only the same power of a consort and the queen was the real ruler.

The title of prince consort for the husband of a reigning queen is more common. The monarchies that adopted this title did so because the title of king is usually historically higher than queen, so when the sovereign is female, her husband should never have a higher title than her. An example is Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. He married Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom; because she insisted that he be given a title identifying his status, he became Albert, Prince Consort.

Role
The traditional historiography on queenship has created an image of a queen who is a king's "helpmate" and provider of heirs. They had power within the royal household and partially within the court. Their duty was running the royal household smoothly, such as directing the children's education, supervising the staff, and managing the private royal treasury. They unofficially acted as hostesses, ensuring the royal family was not involved in scandals and giving gifts to high-ranking officials in a society where this was important to maintain bonds. As a result, consorts were expected to act as wise, loyal, and chaste women.

Some royal consorts of foreign origin have served as cultural transmitters. Due to their unique position of being reared in one culture and then, when very young, promised into marriage in another land with a different culture, they have served as a cultural bridge between nations. Based on their journals, diaries, and other autobiographical or historical accounts, some exchanged and introduced new forms of art, music, religion, and fashion.

However, the consorts of monarchs have no official political power per se, even when their position is constitutionally or statutorily recognized. They often held an informal sort of power dependent on the opportunities afforded to them. Should a queen consort have had an amiable personality and high intelligence, produced a healthy heir, and gained the favor of the court, then chances were higher she would gain more power over time. Many royal consorts have been shrewd or ambitious stateswomen and, usually (but not always) unofficially, among the monarch's most trusted advisors. In some cases, the royal consort has been the chief power behind her husband's throne, e.g., Maria Luisa of Parma, wife of Charles IV of Spain. At other times the consort of a deceased monarch (the dowager queen or queen mother) has served as regent if her child, the successor to the throne, was still a minor:
 * Queen Regent Anne of Kiev, wife of Philip I of France
 * Queen Regent Jeonghui, grandmother of King Seongjong of Korea
 * Queen Regent Munjeong, mother of King Myeongjong of Korea
 * Queen Regent Sunwon, grandmother of King Heonjong of Korea
 * Grand Princess Regent Olga of Kiev, mother of Sviatoslav I of Kiev
 * Grand Princess Regent Elena Glinskaya, mother of Ivan IV of Russia
 * Queen Regent Mary of Guise, mother of Mary I of Scotland
 * Queen Regent Catherine of Austria, grandmother of Sebastian I of Portugal
 * Queen Regent Marie de' Medici, mother of Louis XIII of France
 * Queen Regent Anne, mother of Louis XIV of France
 * Queen Regent Luisa de Guzmán, mother of Afonso VI of Portugal
 * Rani Lakshmi Bai, mother of Raja Damodar Rao of Jhansi
 * Queen Regent Maria Christina of Austria, mother of Alfonso XIII of Spain
 * Queen Regent Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont, mother of Wilhelmina I of the Netherlands
 * Queen Regent Anna Khanum, mother of Abbas II of Persia
 * Queen Regent Helen of Greece, mother of King Michael I of Romania

Similarly, in several cases in Siam (now Thailand) the queen consort was named regent during an extended absence of the king:
 * Queen Regent Saovabha Phongsri, wife of King Chulalongkorn of Siam, served as Regent during his tour of Europe
 * Queen Regent Sirikit, wife of King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand, served as Regent during her husband's extended retreat

Examples of queens and empresses consort

Past queens consort:
 * Queen Sindeok, consort of Taejo of Joseon
 * Queen Jeongan, consort of Jeongjong of Joseon
 * Queen Wongyeong, consort of Taejong of Joseon
 * Queen Soheon, consort of Sejong the Great of Joseon
 * Queen Jeongsun, consort of Danjong of Joseon
 * Queen Inseong, consort of Injong of Joseon
 * Queen Uiin, first consort of Seonjo of Joseon
 * Queen Inmok, second of Seonjo of Joseon
 * Queen Inyeol, first consort of Injo of Joseon
 * Queen Jangnyeol, second consort of Injo of Joseon
 * Queen Inseon, consort of Hyojong of Joseon
 * Queen Myeongseong, consort of Hyeonjong of Joseon
 * Queen Ingyeong, first consort of Sukjong of Joseon
 * Queen Jang, principal consort of Sukjong of Joseon. Demoted back in 1694 to the rank of hui-bin, Royal Noble Consort Joseon rank 1
 * Queen Jeongseong, first consort of Yeongjo of Joseon
 * Queen Hyoui, consort of Jeongjo of Joseon
 * Queen Hyohyeon, first consort Heonjong of Joseon
 * Queen Maria Theresa, consort of Louis XIV of France
 * Queen Marie Leszczyńska, consort of Louis XV of France
 * Queen Marie Antoinette, consort of Louis XVI of France
 * Queen Caroline, consort of George II
 * Queen Charlotte was George III's consort for 57 years, 70 days, between 1761 and 1818, making her Britain's longest-tenured queen consort.
 * Queen Caroline, consort of George IV
 * Queen Adelaide, consort of William IV
 * Queen Alexandra, consort of Edward VII
 * Queen Mary, consort of George V
 * Queen Elizabeth, consort of George VI
 * Queen Nguyễn Hữu Thị Lan, consort of Bảo Đại
 * Queen Victoria, consort of Gustaf V of Sweden
 * Queen Louise, consort of Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden
 * Queen Louise, consort of Christian IX of Denmark
 * Queen Louise, consort of Frederik VIII of Denmark
 * Queen Alexandrine, consort Christian X of Denmark
 * Queen Ingrid, consort of Frederik IX of Denmark
 * Queen Louise, consort of Leopold I of Belgium
 * Queen Marie, consort of Leopold II of Belgium
 * Queen Elisabeth, consort of Albert I of Belgium
 * Queen Astrid, consort of Leopold III of Belgium
 * Queen Fabiola, consort of Baudouin of Belgium
 * Queen Paola, consort of Albert II of Belgium
 * Queen Sofía, consort of Juan Carlos I of Spain
 * Queen Anne Marie, consort of Constantine II of Greece
 * Queen Geraldine, consort of Zog I of Albania
 * Queen Marie José, consort of Umberto II of Italy
 * Queen Kapiolani, consort of King Kalākaua of Hawaii
 * Queen Soraya Tarzi, principal consort of King Amanullah Khan of Afghanistan
 * Tsaritsa Ioanna, consort of Tsar Boris III of Bulgaria
 * Queen Elizabeth, consort of Henry VII of England
 * Ranee Sylvia Brett, consort of Vyner Brooke of The Raj of Sarawak
 * Queen Catherine, first consort of Henry VIII of England. She was also regent in times of war.
 * Queen Anne, second consort of Henry VIII of England. She gave birth to the future Elizabeth I, who was the last monarch of House of Tudor.
 * Queen Jane, third consort of Henry VIII of England.
 * Queen Anne, fourth consort of Henry VIII of England
 * Queen Catherine, fifth consort of Henry VIII of England
 * Queen Catherine, sixth consort of Henry VIII of England
 * Queen Anne, consort of James I of England
 * Queen Henrietta Maria, consort of Charles I of England
 * Queen Cattherine, consort of Charles II of England
 * Queen Mary, consort of James II of England
 * Queen Halaevalu Mata'aho, consort of Tāufa'āhau Tupou IV, Tu'i of Tonga.
 * Queen Hortense, consort of Louis Bonaparte, King of Holland
 * Queen Bahiyah, consort of Abdul Halim of Kedah
 * Queen Haminah, consort of Abdul Halim of Kedah
 * Queen Siti Aishah, consort of Salahuddin of Selangor
 * Queen Najihah, consort of Ja'afar of Negeri Sembilan
 * Queen Bainun, consort of Azlan Shah of Perak
 * Queen Zanariah, consort of Iskandar of Johor
 * Queen Sisowath Kossamak, consort of King Norodom Suramarit of Cambodia
 * Queen Norodom Monineath, consort of King Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia
 * Queen Wilhelmine, consort of William I of the Netherlands
 * Queen Anna Pavlovna, consort of William II of the Netherlands
 * Queen Sophie, first consort of William III of the Netherlands
 * Queen Emma, second consort of William III of the Netherlands: When William died on 23 November 1890, Emma became regent (1890–1898) for her underaged daughter, Wilhelmina, the late king's only surviving child.
 * Queen Maud, consort of King Haakon VII of Norway. She was also simultaneously a princess of the United Kingdom.
 * Queen Ratna, second consort of Mahendra of Nepal
 * Queen Sunanda Kumariratana, consort of King Chulalongkorn of Siam.
 * Queen Savang Vadhana, consort of King Chulalongkorn of Siam. She was also grandmother of the King Ananda Mahidol and Great King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand.
 * Queen Sukhumala Marasri, consort of King Chulalongkorn of Siam.
 * Queen Saovabha Phongsri, consort of King Chulalongkorn of Siam, mother of the King Prajadhipok of Siam.
 * Queen Rambai Barni, consort of King Prajadhipok of Thailand
 * Queen Sirikit, consort of Great King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand
 * Queen Supayalat, chief consort of King Thibaw Min, the last King of Burma
 * Queen Supayalay, consort of King Thibaw Min, the last King of Burma
 * Queen Ruth, consort (or Mohumagadi) of Seretse Khama, King of the Bamangwato Tswanas of Botswana
 * Queen Mantfombi, principal consort (or Inkosikazi Enkhulu) of Goodwill Zwelithini of Zululand, South Africa. She was also simultaneously a princess of Eswatini.
 * Queen Mantfombi, principal consort (or Inkosikazi Enkhulu) of Goodwill Zwelithini of Zululand, South Africa. She was also simultaneously a princess of Eswatini.

Past empresses consort:
 * Empress Theodora, consort of Justinian I, East Roman Emperor
 * Empress Aelia Sophia, consort of Justin II of the Byzantine Empire
 * Empress Wu, consort of Gaozong of Tang
 * Empress Wang, consort of Gaozong of Tang
 * Empress Chabi, chief wife of Kublai Khan, Emperor of Yuan dynasty
 * Empress Nambui, principal consort of Kublai Khan, Emperor of Yuan dynasty
 * Empress Danashri, principal consort of Toghon Temür, Emperor of Yuan dynasty
 * Empress Bayan Khutugh, principal consort of Toghon Temür, Emperor of Yuan dynasty
 * Empress Gi, principal consort of Toghon Temür, Emperor of Yuan dynasty
 * Empress Xiaocigao, principal consort of Hongwu Emperor from the Ming dynasty
 * Empress Ruqaiya Sultan Begum, principal chief consort and first wife of Akbar the Great, the third Mughal Emperor
 * Empress Salima Sultan Begum, principal consort and third wife of Akbar the Great
 * Empress Mariam-uz-Zamani, principal chief consort of Akbar the Great, the third Mughal Emperor
 * Empress Taj Bibi Bilqis Makani, principal consort of Jahangir, the fourth Mughal Emperor
 * Empress Nur Jahan, principal chief consort of Jahangir, the fourth Mughal Emperor
 * Empress Mumtaz Mahal, principal chief consort of Shah Jahan, the fifth Mughal Emperor
 * Empress Isabella of Portugal, consort of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. She was the regent of the Spanish Empire.
 * Haseki Sultan Hürrem Sultan, principal chief consort and legal wife of Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
 * Haseki Sultan Nurbanu Sultan, principal chief consort and legal wife of Selim II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
 * Haseki Sultan Safiye Sultan, principal chief consort of Murad III, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
 * Haseki Sultan Kösem Sultan, principal chief consort and legal wife of Ahmed I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
 * Haseki Sultan Turhan Sultan, principal consort of Ibrahim, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
 * Haseki Sultan Gulnus Sultan, principal consort of Mehmed IV, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
 * Kadinefendi Nakşidil Sultan, consort of Abdul Hamid I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
 * Kadinefendi Bezmialem Sultan, consort of Mahmud II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
 * Kadinefendi Pertevniyal Sultan, consort of Mahmud II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
 * Kadinefendi Sevkefza Sultan, consort of Abdulmejid I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
 * Kadinefendi Tirimujgan Sultan, consort of Abdulmejid I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
 * Kadinefendi Perestu Sultan, consort of Abdulmejid I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
 * Empress Maria Theresa of Austria, consort of Francis I, Holy Roman Empire.
 * Empress Ana María Huarte, consort of Agustín I of Mexico, Emperor of Mexico.
 * Titular Empress Carlota Joaquina of Spain, consort of John VI of Portugal, Titular Emperor of Brazil
 * Empress Carlota of Mexico, consort of Maximilian I of Mexico, Emperor of Mexico.
 * Empress Maria Leopoldina, consort of Pedro I, Emperor of Brazil
 * Empress Amélie, consort of Pedro I, Emperor of Brazil
 * Empress Teresa Cristina, consort of Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil
 * Empress Myeongseong, first principal wife of Gojong, the first emperor of the Korean Empire
 * Empress Eugénie, consort of Napoléon III, Emperor of the French
 * Empress Augusta Victoria, consort of Wilhelm II
 * Empress Elisabeth, consort of Franz Joseph I
 * Empress Xiaojingxian, primary consort of Yongzheng, Qing Emperor
 * Empress Xiaoxianchun, principal consort of Qianlong, Qing Emperor
 * Step Empress Nara, secondary consort of Qianlong, Qing Emperor
 * Empress Xiaoshurui, principal consort of Jiaqing, Qing Emperor
 * Empress Xiaoherui, secondary consort of Jiaqing, Qing Emperor
 * Empress Xiao Zhen Xian, principal consort of Xianfeng, Qing Emperor
 * Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, consort of Nicholas II, Emperor and Autocrat of All Russia
 * Empress Durdhara, principal chief consort of Chandragupta Maurya, first Maurya emperor
 * Empress Crown Prince Sushima Mother, principal chief consort of Bindusara, Second Mauryan emperor
 * Empress Shubhadrangi, chief consort of Bindusara, Second Mauryan emperor
 * Empress Asandhimitra, first principal chief consort (or Agramahishi) of Ashoka, third Mauryan emperor
 * Empress Devi, chief consort of Ashoka, third Mauryan emperor
 * Empress Karuvaki, second principal chief consort of Ashoka, third Mauryan emperor
 * Empress Padmavati, chief consort of Ashoka, third Mauryan emperor
 * Empress Tishyaraksha, last principal chief consort of Ashoka, third Mauryan emperor
 * Empress Michiko, consort of Emperor Akihito of Japan
 * Empress Asandhimitra, first principal chief consort (or Agramahishi) of Ashoka, third Mauryan emperor
 * Empress Devi, chief consort of Ashoka, third Mauryan emperor
 * Empress Karuvaki, second principal chief consort of Ashoka, third Mauryan emperor
 * Empress Padmavati, chief consort of Ashoka, third Mauryan emperor
 * Empress Tishyaraksha, last principal chief consort of Ashoka, third Mauryan emperor
 * Empress Michiko, consort of Emperor Akihito of Japan

Current queens consort:
 * Queen Zarith Sofiah, consort of Ibrahim Iskandar of Malaysia
 * Queen Camilla, consort of Charles III of the United Kingdom
 * Queen Jetsun Pema, consort of Jigme Khesar Namgyal Wangchuck of Bhutan
 * Queen Letizia, consort of Felipe VI of Spain
 * Queen 'Masenate, consort of Letsie III of Lesotho
 * Queen Mary, consort of Frederik X of Denmark
 * Queen Mathilde, consort of Philippe of Belgium
 * Queen Máxima, consort of Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands
 * Queen Nanasipauʻu Tukuʻaho, consort of Tupou VI of Tonga
 * Queen Rania, consort of Abdullah II of Jordan
 * Queen Saleha, consort of Hassanal Bolkiah of Brunei Darussalam
 * Queen Silvia, consort of Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden
 * Queen Sonja, consort of Harald V of Norway
 * Queen Suthida, consort of Vajiralongkorn of Thailand

Current empress consort:
 * Empress Masako, consort of Emperor Naruhito of Japan

Current queens consort in federal monarchies
 * Queen Nur Zahirah, consort of Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu
 * Queen Fauziah, consort of Sirajuddin of Perlis
 * Queen Norashikin, consort of Sharafuddin of Selangor
 * Queen Aishah Rohani, consort of Muhriz of Negeri Sembilan
 * Queen Zarith Sofiah, consort of Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor
 * Queen Nur Diana Petra, consort of Muhammad V of Kelantan
 * Queen Zara Salim, consort of Nazrin Shah of Perak
 * Queen Maliha, consort of Sallehuddin of Kedah
 * Queen Azizah, consort of Abdullah of Pahang

Because queens consort lack an ordinal with which to distinguish between them, many historical texts and encyclopedias refer to deceased consorts by their premarital (or maiden) name or title, not by their marital royal title (examples: Queen Mary, consort of George V, is usually called Mary of Teck, and Queen Maria José, consort of Umberto II of Italy, is usually called Marie José of Belgium).

title: Queen consort


text:
Talk:Alexandra of Denmark

older comments
The oldest son of Alix and Bertie was called 'Albert Victor', not 'Albert Edward', which was Bertie's name. (I don't know how he got the nickname 'Eddy' I don't know. Maybe Edward was a subsequent name, but history records him as Albert Victor. Source: Harold Nicolson, King George V  - family tree at the back.

Alix's suicide attempt, and the fashion craze started by the high 'choker' collars, was reported in newspaper coverage on royal suicide attempts that followed claims about Diana, Princess of Wales's supposed suicide attempt. It featured in a number of Irish, British and continental papers, as well as in magazines. JTD 01:11 Jan 18, 2003 (UTC)

 * Would the British Royal Family settle for a piddling two names? I think not ;). Edward was indeed a subsequent name: Albert Victor Christian Edward, Duke of Clarence.  I had never heard the choker bit, very interesting...and rather an unusual suicide method. -- Someone else 01:15 Jan 18, 2003 (UTC)

 * Thanx. I didn't have his full name. I presumed Eddy was in there somewhere but he was formally known simply as Albert Victor just as the Duke of Windsor was known as 'Prince Edward' even though his family called him David.

 * Apparently Alix tried to cut her own throat. When it was a genuine suicide attempt, or something akin to one of Diana's melodramatic 'suicide' attempts (one of which apparently used a knife that was so blunt (and which she knew was so blunt) that it wouldn't cut melted butter!) Alix does come across as a very nice, genuine woman. But people who knew of the scar found it bizarre that millions of women in Britain, Ireland and even America began wearing Choker Collars (often made of lace), having absolutely no idea that Alix wasn't making a fashion choice but was trying to conceal a major scar. Indeed, quite apart from the suicide link, she and Diana were quite alike; strikingly beautiful women in marriages that were none too solid, with difficult relationships with courtiers, married to husbands who if they inherited the throne at all, would only inherit it in old age. This fairy tale is a load of rubbish, she wore chokers to hide a small scar on her neck from a operation she had as a child she was vain about it thats all.

Absolutely, the rumour was that Alexandra had tried to commit suicide because of her husband's unfaithfulness. In her wedding photos and portraits of her before her marriage her neck is bare and if she was so concerned about a scar she would have covered it then. The high collars and chokers came later. I was told this rumor in the 1960s by older family members that the high collars and chokers were to cover the scar from a suicide attempt. (JTAC)

One can only hope that Prince William isn't a modern equivalent of poor Prince Eddy, who was mentally deficient (to put it mildly); others called him at the time mentally retarded'. And the poor lad did have a habit of stumbling quite innocently into 'scandals'; from supposedly being 'Jack the Ripper' (a bit difficult given that for one of the murders, he was up in Balmoral, in full view of Queen Victoria, the German Kaiser, the Prime Minister and senior ministers at dinner. (Even in the days of Concorde, he'd have difficulty getting down to London, murder a prostitute, and then get back to Balmoral in time for dessert! )The of course, there was the rumour that he was caught up in the Cleveland St. gay brothel scandal. I think Britain's monarchy had a lucky escape when he died and the throne went to his younger brother, who as George V was one of Britain's finest ever monarchs. JTD 03:12 Jan 18, 2003 (UTC)

Since we all seem to agree that it was either a suicide attempt or at the very least very widely rumored to be from a suicide attempt, would the person who keeps deleting the mention of suicide please stop? This is the third time I have added it and someone keeps deleting is. If they continue maybe we can do a temporary block of the user. RockStarSheister (talk) 20:00, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Given that (1) the editor concerned included their rationale in the edit summaries; (2) the editor concerned acted in good faith; (3) the editor concerned has done a great deal to improve this article by inserting additional information and references; (4) no infraction covered by the blocking policy occurred; and (5) the editor is me. No, I don't think blocking would be appropriate. DrKay (talk) 09:08, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

Historic article and very knowledgable Angel Prince Isong (talk) 00:20, 4 July 2016 (UTC)

Opening paragraph
Wikipedia does not put birth and death locations in the opening paragraph between the birth and death dates. The style is simply to use ( - ). Other information goes later in the article. I have removed mention of where someone was born and where someone died to elsewhere. Fear ÉIREANN 22:37, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Pre-marital name
The respected source, Oxford Dictionary of National Biographies, says clearly in its article of Edward VII, that he married "Princess Alexandra of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glucksburg". Which is of course true, since in Spring 1863, Alexandra's father (the future Christian IX of Denmark) had not yet ascended the Danish throne. Despite of the fact that her father was at that time already long been recognized as a heir of Denmark, they were yet of a collateral branch (such as Kent, Gloucester and York in today's British royal family - their members being designated as "of Kent", "of York") and not of the main branch of that royal house.
 * New York Times, when printing newspiece about the marriage at those days, avoided territorial designation of Alexandra, saying in the news that Edward married "Her Royal Highness Princess Alexandra".

This means, in my opinion, that Alexandra's proper pre-marital name is Alexandra of Glucksburg. Denmark could only be some common parlance version. 217.140.193.123 29 June 2005 14:59 (UTC)

She is always called Alexandra of Denmark. john k 14:57, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Elsewhere, John wrote: "The NYT marriage stuff doesn't really help - it certainly doesn't call her "Princess Alexandra of Schleswig-Holstein" or anything like that. What would be neeted would be a Court Circular or London Gazette entry, I think.  john k 14:55, 3 August 2005 (UTC)"
 * Since it is you who desires those, could you kindly check them from Court Circular and from London Gazette. In my opinion, NYT (which is one of those that are easily available from even so early years) reflects how many English-speakers knew her at the time, which is of course a criterion. 217.140.193.123 07:41, 4 August 2005 (UTC)
 * The NYT does not call her Princess Alexandra of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg. So that is not terribly useful, is it? john k 17:50, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

 * You might do worse than look at the latest book on the subject -- Princesses of Wales by Deborah Fisher (University of Wales Press, 2005). That could surely be quoted as an authority. Deb 17:53, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

I have got the understanding that the said book has been authored by someone not scholarly highly qualified. Of course there are plenty of books about royals, written by a motley gang of persons, for whatever reasons - that topic seems to attract dilettantes - in libraries, there are gossip books, photo collection books, etc. about royals. Also we do not put very much authoritativeness e.g regarding geographical research to travel guide books. In this question, we have above been trying to find authoritative sources drom the period in question (such as London Gazette and Court Circular, if such existed), so a book written in recent years does not somehow reflect that contemporary usage. 217.140.193.123 19:22, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

I've posted a query on alt.talk.royalty, which is usually good for ironing out issues like this. I wonder, though, why you are denigrating a source published by a university press? That suggests, at least, that it should be assumed to be a reputable source unless proven otherwise. john k 20:24, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Okay then, let's be serious for a moment. There are probably a couple of reasons why she was called Alexandra of Denmark by the British.  One is that the Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg was too much for us to get our tongues around.  Another is that that particular dynasty seems to have had several princesses called Alexandra.  Either way, what we are doing is selecting the most common name used by UK sources to refer to her now, not at the time she was married. Deb 21:10, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Yep :))) The seriousness somehow got lost when Deborah Fisher began to advertise Deborah Fisher's writings as authority.

 * I somehow sensed that you didn't understand the joke. Ah well, never mind, it's British humour, you see. Deb 22:07, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Ah, the "authority" part is a joke. I agree.

 * I think that Queen Alexandra was titled "HRH Princess Alexandra of Denmark" at the time of her marriage. First of all, do you really think that the children of the heir to the Danish throne would not be given any Danish titles? Also, on it says that her titles were HH Princess Alexandra of Denmark before 1858 and HRH Princess after. Though the site does look very small-time and possibly inaccurate, I have found it to be very reliable for things like this. --Matjlav 21:23, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Did you remember that before 1863, her father was not THE heir of Denmark, he was only at maximum the second in line after hereditary prince Frederik Ferdinand. Depends on traditions, but such position put him as father to the same category as "princess of Kent" in UK. Being also Princess of the United Kingdom, but known with the name Kent. (Of course, if we were to change the stupid headings such as Adelaide of Cambridge, Margaret of Connaught, Alice of Albany, Marie of Edinburgh, Maud of Wales, then...) - And, I would like to stress that maidenists who have tried to use "Alix of Hesse and by Rhine" should be consistent in their endeavors and not illogically repel the form "Alexandra of Glucksburg". Some "university presses" are commercial enterprises, I would be more forthcoming were the publication for example an academically scrutinized dissertation. Then, some universities tend to be nationalistic strongholds, which has impact to certain things. Do you have any counter-argument to usage by the Oxford Dictionary of National Biographies? 217.140.193.123 21:59, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Henri van Oene's site is an excellent resource. He actually verifies his facts. It states that she was born Her Serene Highness Princess Alexandra of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg and that she became Her Highness Princess Alexandra of Denmark on July 31, 1853 and that on December 21, 1858 she was elevated to the style of Royal Highness while her title remained unchanged.

Also, I found that the Royal Warrant issued for consent to her marriage to The Prince of Wales. She is listed as Her Royal Highness The Princess Alexandra (additional names), daughter of Prince Christian of Denmark. This is viewable in the London Gazette issue 22667 published on Novemeber 4, 1862. I tried to link the issue but it breaks the link. Just search the archive for the date I listed and enter "princess alexandra" into the search bar, it's on the first page. The London Gazette is the place to find offical statements, Royal Warrants, Letters Patent, anything in privy council, ect... everything is always published in the Gazette. You can search the archive at London Gazette Searchable Archive''' 76.105.150.19 03:42, 20 August 2007 (UTC) Queen Brandissima

 * Brandissima, don't bold your entire post, it is terribly annoying and may be seen as rude. I have unbolded it. To the anon user 217.140.193.123, the "maidenists" use a consort's highest title which she holds in her own right, not by virtue of marriage nor a title given to her in anticipation of her marriage (for instance, Nicholas II married a Grand Duchess because Alix of Hesse had been created so prior to her marriage). Charles 03:53, 20 August 2007 (UTC)

Traditions for Denmark and the UK are different - I don't see how we can make an analogy. BTW here is an alt.talk.royalty thread dealing with this issue - everyone seems to agree that they were made princes/ses of Denmark along with their father in 1853. And that's a forum where somebody would be sure to have corrected it if it was wrong. Linked there is the actual ordinance making Christian heir after Frederick VII and his uncle. It very clearly states that Christian and his wife were being made Prince and Princess of Denmark by this act (not Hereditary Prince, as you have claimed - this title belonged to the King's uncle), although it doesn't specifically mention their children. john k 22:12, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

It should be added that normally, the children of a Prince and Princess of Denmark would themselves be Princes and Princesses of Denmark, unless one has some evidence that they were not. john k 22:21, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

That's absolutely right. When Christian became a "Prince of Denmark", his children became princes and princesses x, y and z "of Denmark". I knew it must be written down somewhere (apart from that excellent new book published by the University of Wales Press...) Deb 22:24, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

No lover
"Alexandra herself was never known to have taken a lover. Those within the monarchy commonly did do so (women monarchs included), however for someone of her social stature, it would not have been socially accepted if common knowledge." I'm surprised by the assertion that women monarchs commonly took lovers, especially if the reference is to British Queens. Queen Caroline (Princess Caroline of Brunswick, consort of George IV) did so, but was the subject of a very messy divorce as a result. Queen Victoria's relationship with John Brown was probably not sexual. I can't think of anyone else in modern times - Edward II's consort Isabelle is going back about 700 years. References? Chelseaboy 15:00, 14 May 2006 (UTC)

Issue???
Why is there no mention of all of her children? On the bio for Mary of Teck there is a chart listing all of her children, yet this article seems to only mention Prince Albert Victor? --Mdieke 07:22, 3 July 2006 (UTC)

Okay, I've added a chart listing her children --Mdieke 08:15, 3 July 2006 (UTC)

Alexandra of Denmark or Queen Alexandra
I am confused as to why an article about Queen Alexandra is listed as Alexandra of Denmark. I believe it has already been established in the talk paages that she couldn't have been "princess of Denmark" until after she was already married. We must be concerned with accuracy not what is common in newspapers.

I believe it would be more accurate to refer to her by her most distinguished title. We should place particular importance on the fact that this is a women who was crowned as Queen during the coronation of her husband, King Edward VII. She even wore the oil that she was anointed with all day following the coronation. That to me takes precedence over her birth title. She was crowned as Queen during her husband's coronation and she was buried as Queen Alexandra.

I should also note that the reference to her as "Queen Mother" is wholly inaccurate. The phrase and title "Queen Mother" didn't come into existance until the late Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. Prior to her creation and use of the title it was never used. Queen Alexandra like Queen Mary was a Dowager Queen, but she was never offically styled as such. She remained HM Queen Alexandra until her own death.

 * This is not true: see section below. Myopic Bookworm 09:43, 20 August 2007 (UTC)

Any other encyclopedia in the world would list this women as Queen Alexandra with notes on her premarital and pre-coronation status. 76.105.150.19 10:26, 19 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Alexandra certainly was, or became, a princess of Denmark at some point in her life. The article currently states that Alexandra became a princess of Denmark ten years before she married and became Princess of Wales. The convention here on Wikipedia is to name a consort by her highest pre-marital title. Her highest premarital title is that of a royal princess of Denmark, rather than a princess of the ducal house of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderburg-Glücksburg. The only reason she was ever crowed queen is because she was a consort. Again, the Wikipedia naming conventions for consorts state what I have already said in this post. You may have a point on the use of "Queen Mother", but I believe it is implied as a position as it is understood today: a queen dowager who is the mother of the sovereign. Charles 04:03, 20 August 2007 (UTC)

She became a Princess of Denmark in 1853. I am aware that she was crowned because her husband was King. I'm certain I stated that in my original comment. However, that does not change the fact that she was crowned and anointed as Queen Constort. Why would wikipedia list a women who was crowned and buried as a Queen by a title that she only held for 10 years of her 81 year life? I understand the maidenist view but I don't understand why this very unecylopedic system is even being used. It seems logically specious.

There is even dispute that a women who has been crowned during the coronation even as a consort could ever be styled as anything else if she were to divorce without an act of Parliment.

I think it is also specious to use "Queen Mother" as a position or title for women who did not hold the title and who weren't referred to as such during their lifetime. We are are having a discussion over in "British Queen Mothers" as to the historical usage and existance of such a distinction. I'm not sure that we should be applying the term to women who didn't use it irreguardless of the modern understanding of it. We certainly shouldn't be putting it in articles of non-British women. Queen Mother is a wholly British invention.

Wikipedia is not using "Queen Mother" consistantly for women who are only a queen dowager who is the other of a sovereign. Moreover, the term dowager isn't used for women who themselves held the title in their own right (e.g. Juliana of the Netherlands) it is used for a widow who's husband held the title. And, according to Debrett's, Black's and Burke's a women can only ever be a dowager if the current heir is a decendant of her late husband.

The usage isn't consistant and it hasn't been referenced in numerous articles. 76.105.150.19 06:38, 20 August 2007 (UTC) Queen Brandissima

 * Regardless of whether there is a dispute on anointing or not, it is not Wikipedia's place to inject itself into that dispute. The definition of queen mother is the mother of a sovereign who is a queen dowager. That is exactly what Alexandra was. Queen mother, not Queen Mother. Debrett's, Burke's et al cannot account for ever case of when there is or is not a queen mother. Surely Juliana is a different case, but we cannot determine that on Wikipedia. See WP:OR. The article British Queen Mothers or whatever it is named should be called British queen mothers, as Queen Mother as a proper noun was only ever given to one queen dowager. Charles 07:02, 20 August 2007 (UTC)

That's odd because the definition of queen mother being used implies that she is also a dowager. The two are not mutually inclusive of the other. Debrett's, et al, are clarifing the usage of 'dowager' as it is properly used by a queen, duchess, countess or baroness.

Queen Juliana is certainly different. However, I disagree with you on whether it is a wiki matter because someone has apparently included it into her wikipedia article. If it cannot be determined on Wikipedia then surely it should not be included in her article.

Apparently, there are two other women who were given the proper noun aka title Queen Mother historically, but that is not relevant to this article.

76.105.150.19 07:58, 20 August 2007 (UTC) Queen Brandissima

 * I agree that it appears slightly weird to list Queen Alexandra as "Alexandra of Denmark", but that is only because she happens to be a recent consort, so most popular reference to her is to Queen Alexandra. It is at least arguably logical to treat her like Queen Katherine (better known as "Katherine of Aragon") or Queen Eleanor (better known as "Eleanor of Aquitaine"). The key thing, though, is the better known as.As I understood it, it is usual Wikipedia policy to list people by their best-known name, and it is surely the case that Alexandra is better known as "Queen Alexandra". Myopic Bookworm

Queen Mother
This is not a general term in idiomatic English: one does not usually speak of "a Queen mother", but only of, at a particular time, the bearer of the title "the Queen Mother". Although Alexandra (like some others) did not like the title of Queen Mother, it was one of her official titles, and it was used as such, most prominently in the Prayer for the Royal Family in the Book of Common Prayer, which will have been said widely and frequently in Anglican churches while she lived. Myopic Bookworm 09:42, 20 August 2007 (UTC)

It was not one of her offical titles. It has only ever been an offical title of one women that being Queen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother. Being used in a prayer does not make it offical any more than it made "princess Diana" offical. 76.105.150.19 10:35, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

 * No. The title Queen Mother has been existence at least as far back as Elizabeth Woodville. QE the QM chose to resurrect the actual usage of the title; Queen Alexandra and Queen Mary had both chose to go by the style HM Queen X, but were technically Queen Mothers.
 * Henry VII's mother insisted on being known as Queen Mother, even though she was not a queen herself. She often signed "Margaret R[eg]". PeterSymonds | talk  21:27, 17 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Alexandra arms.jpg
Image:Alexandra arms.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 18:36, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Excess legacy
Can I help it if she was a popular princess in these parts? -
 * The original Alexandra Suspension Bridge in the Fraser Canyon in British Columbia, Canada, and its successor bridges as well as the adjacent bluff and a nearby roadhouse, the Alexandra Lodge of the Cariboo Road, were named for Alexandra. Also named for her in British Columbia were the Fraser River river sternwheeler SS Lady Alexandra, the later Union Steamships coastal liner SS Alexandra'', the Queen Alexandra Solarium in Mill Bay, British Columbia, the Alexandra Non-sectarian Orphanage in Vancouver, and the Alexandra Ladies Club (Alexandra House) in Victoria.

The vessels and the hospital and so on were unlinked as those articles don't exist yet, but all shall; the vessels in particular were high-profile bits of loyalist ardour in this, the most royalist of all colonies. The orphanage is now, I think, Queen Alexandra School but I haven't checked that yet; I'm not sure of the dates of the royal visits, I don't think she was on hand for the opening of the solarium or orphanage, but she may have been there for the sod-turning. The Ladies Club, well, OK, it may yet have an article and in fact she may have had tea there, an actual physical connection....I don't think she was in any of the royal parties who toured the colony/early province e.g. Lord Dufferin, but I'll check The Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York's visit to Vancouver in 1901-02, I think were the dates, was one of the most photographed events in the city's early history - I'm sure there were some formal dedications and commemorations during the visit to BC, maybe as noted the endowments fo the solarium and the orphanage. If such legacies are common elsewhere in the Empire, e.g. Australia, maybe a list page would be suitable? Talk about obscure - List of places and things named for Alexandra of Denmark, but....or at least once those are linkable they could be reinstated?Skookum1 (talk) 14:15, 28 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Well, there's also an obscure island in Howe Sound, and a coal mine at Nanaimo....the ladies club is one of three, the others being in the UK and Australia, but I think Alexandra House is still a heritage establishment/building in Victoria. The women's equivalent of the Empire Club, which is the rich guy's club/building/ in other words it's going to have an article anyway.  There's also the much-less-important Alexanra Hotel in Natal, British Columbia, basically a ber with rooms upstairs (or was).  Maybe a catch-all List of names honouring royalty in British Columbia, then?  She's not alone, y'seee...Skookum1 (talk) 14:43, 28 April 2008 (UTC)
 * We can't list everything that was named after her and every place she may have drank a cup of tea. It would swamp this article, which should be a biography not a list. I think it's too much for you to list relatively minor things when entire towns are excluded. There is a vast number of schools, streets, buildings, etc. named after her. In Britain alone, there are 30 Alexandra Avenues today, not including those that have been demolished. There are many, many other Alexandra Roads and Alexandra Streets, not to mention Alexandra Closes, Alexandra Courts, Alexandra Drives, and so on and so on. We are talking hundreds upon hundreds of things named after her. If I had my way the entire "named after her" section would be removed. A compromise is to list one or two of the most notable things only, and anything else can go in its own article. DrKay (talk) 14:46, 28 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Yeah....well, the bridge certainly, the vessels I'd say also (once there's articles), unless there were a shot of ships named for her....the ladies club,sc hool and hopital, no (unless she opened them?). NB AFAIK the Lady Alexandra was named before she was elevated to Princess of Wales...Skookum1 (talk) 14:54, 28 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Well I almost kept in the ship so if it was put back I probably wouldn't squeal. DrKay (talk) 14:56, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

Duchess of Cornwall and York?
This is how she is named in old pics/chronicles of their visit to Vancouver; it's not in the titles/styles section....is this an error? Or just forgotten/obscure, except in the colonies?Skookum1 (talk) 14:43, 28 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I think you've confused her with Mary of Teck. DrKay (talk) 14:46, 28 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Guess, so then; probably because I'm confusing the numbers on the Edwards?? The pic of Queen Mary on that page looks remarkably like QEII, no?  Hmmm I'm going to have to read Alix's bio a bit closer to see if she ever came to BC; maybe; the orphanage/school appears to have been deedicated in 1909, around the time of the Duke of Clarence's visit....(who became a king, but which one??)Skookum1 (talk) 14:51, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

Her limp
"All of Alexandra's children were born prematurely; during the birth of her third child in 1867 complications threatened her life and she was left with a permanent limp."

Excuse me, what hase a giving birth to a child with a limp to do ? I can't imagine this. --AndreaMimi (talk) 10:49, 18 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Possible pelvic damage. Victorian medicine was barbaric by modern standards. RedTomato (talk) 23:58, 12 June 2009 (UTC)

New file File:Alexandra of Denmark by Sir (Samuel) Luke Fildes.jpg
Recently the file File:Alexandra of Denmark by Sir (Samuel) Luke Fildes.jpg (right) was uploaded and it appears to be relevant to this article and not currently used by it. If you're interested and think it would be a useful addition, please feel free to include it. Dcoetzee 03:58, 31 March 2009 (UTC)

Article title: another view
I suggest "Queen Alexandra, consort of Edward VII, King of Great Britain." Torontonian1 (talk) 02:29, 7 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Too long, and the guardians of WP:NCNT would never allow it. DrKay (talk) 08:19, 7 December 2009 (UTC)

Arms and Standard
I strongly belive that both Her arms and Her standard should be shown, as they are seperate symbols, and are used differently as well. However, User:DrKay doesn't seem to understand that, constantly removing one or the other, claiming they're the same thing(saying "her arms are already shown once"), when they are not. Cone someone else please explain that to him? I've tried on his page, but he's very stubborn on the matter. Fry1989 (talk) 19:25, 19 October 2010 (UTC)
 * I understand perfectly. You should be discussing content not attacking other editors. DrKay (talk) 19:45, 19 October 2010 (UTC)
 * I am discussing the content, and you refusing to allow both symbols, which are infact independant of each other despite being similar, is part of that discussion. Nobody has this problem with allowing both to be shown except you, and your reasoning is rediculous. Fry1989 (talk) 20:18, 19 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Please withdraw your personal attack. You should not call other editors ridiculous. Discuss the content not the contributor. DrKay (talk) 20:27, 19 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Saying your reasoning was rediculous is not a personal attack. You said "her arms are shown already", which suggests that her arms and her standard are the same thing, and that is rediculous. Fry1989 (talk) 20:49, 19 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Your reasoning is ridiculous.
 * Do you see how unhelpful and silly such a statement is now that you're on the receiving end? It doesn't address any points or provide a counter-argument. This is at best a contradiction, but is more like an ad hominem attack. In disputes you should adhere to policy. This is on top of your previous breach of policy by name-calling: "you're so thickheaded".
 * The standard is a banner of arms. By definition, the banner of arms shows the arms. DrKay (talk) 21:02, 19 October 2010 (UTC)
 * I didn't have time to discuss until now. While a Standard is a banner of arms, they are two seperate symbols and are used very differently. To remove one or the other because of their similarity is wrong because of that difference in use. I got angry, and said something I shouldn't have, but that doesn't change why I've insisted upon both her Arms and Standard being shown. Fry1989 (talk) 21:07, 19 October 2010 (UTC)

Popularity
The lead of the article, and therefore tomorrow's main page, carry the claim "As Princess of Wales ... she won the hearts of the British people and became immensely popular". This goes far beyond the only related claim in the body of the article ("Alexandra was highly popular with the British public"), and places this "accomplishment" within one particular phase of her life, which the article does not do. "Winning the heart of" is clichéd language that is far more journalistic than encyclopaedic, attributes a unanimity of affections to the entire British population which is unverifiable, and comprises an unsupported opinion. Is there any real grounds for retaining this? Kevin McE (talk) 09:42, 11 June 2011 (UTC)
 * No. Straw Cat (talk) 10:30, 11 June 2011 (UTC)
 * You say there's only one related claim but it is sourced to multiple pages in three different biographies (Priestley, p. 17; Battiscombe, pp. 66–68, 85, 120, and 215; Duff, pp. 113, 163, 192, and 215), and I've just looked at Purdue and that says the same. The claim is verifiable. DrKay (talk) 07:16, 12 June 2011 (UTC)

 * She was popular, but "won hearts" is not the way to word it. We don't have to write like Tony Blair ...

 * IMHO this is an excellent, informative article about an eminent Victorian, let down by patches of sentimental and unnecessary euphemism which even in Alix's time was going out of fashion. Case in point, the coy and evasive and rather sexist "Edward continued to keep company with other women". The Prince kept company with lots of male pals too, as the article states. If we mean that he was regularly going to bed with certain women not his wife, we should say so in less confusing (to younger readers) and cloying terms. Neither should it be implied without good sources that Alix tolerated this. It may well have caused her great pain, but she clearly had not much choice in the matter.Straw Cat (talk) 12:23, 12 June 2011 (UTC)
 * I'm not really objecting to a change in the language; I was more concerned about the potential removal of content. I would say "won the hearts" and "became immensely popular" is a virtual repetition anyway, so dumping one of them does not alter the article substantially.
 * The problem with saying "mistresses" is that the biographies disagree on its appropriateness. They all agree he kept company with other women, but they disagree on the extent of the friendships or employ language that leaves it to the reader to decide. DrKay (talk) 13:19, 12 June 2011 (UTC)
 * I've removed the peacock terms, simplifying it to "she became generally popular", and de-linked the popularity from any particular phase of her life. Shame it didn't happen in time to remove such unencyclopaedic language from the Main Page.  Kevin McE (talk) 07:41, 13 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Just my 2c worth, WRT her popularity: there were, and still are, a great many pubs named 'The Rose of Denmark' in the UK. Bluedawe  01:28, 12 August 2013 (UTC)

Why "of Denmark"?
Why is she 'of Denmark' considering her highest status was in the UK? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Arfæst Ealdwrítere (talk • contribs) 19:43, 7 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Well, if you want to submit a move request nobody is stopping you. PatGallacher (talk) 01:28, 4 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Because she was born Princess Alexandra of Denmark, and like her predecessors and successors, her origin needs to be incorporated into her article’s title. See Mary of Teck, Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, Caroline of Brunswick, Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Caroline of Ansbach, Mary of Modena, Catherine of Braganza, Anne of Denmark, etc. Keivan.f  Talk 03:40, 25 April 2021 (UTC)

Queens consort typically are known by their maiden names (names of origin) as a means of distinguishing or ancestry purposes. It’s just her conventional name. AKTC3 (talk) 04:13, 4 March 2023 (UTC)

"great powers" link in lede
In the lede, a wikilinked mention is made of great powers, which links to an article Great power which discusses modern and historic great powers. Its not a good match at all.

It appears to me "great powers" is referring to (a subset of) the crown heads of Europe ... but the article for that phrase is a stub. There is an article International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919), but this discusses the sovereign AND elected governments of what were considered great powers of the relevant time period.

Perhaps someone more familiar with the subject matter, in the specific context of the lede, ie exactly who, or which powers consented to Frederick VII's ascension to the throne of Denmark, and change the wikilink accordingly?

Thanks. Prime Lemur (talk) 10:55, 19 December 2018 (UTC)
 * I've changed it to 'major European powers' and introduced a link to London Protocol (1852). Celia Homeford (talk) 11:10, 19 December 2018 (UTC)
 * Thank you very much, that was exactly what I was looking for! I'd just never heard of the London Protocol. So quick too. 🍎

Prime Lemur (talk) 11:46, 19 December 2018 (UTC)

Requested move 20 April 2021

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Not moved  (t · c)  buidhe  00:18, 27 April 2021 (UTC)

Alexandra of Denmark → Queen Alexandra – Alexandra's highest rank is Queen of the United Kingdom, and she is most notable for being a Queen Consort of the United Kingdom (as the consort to King George V of the United Kingdom) rather than being a Princess of Denmark so why is the article titled "Alexandra of Denmark"? "Queen Alexandra" even redirects to this page. In fact her title ceased to be Alexandra of Denmark in 1863 when she married her husband

Alexandra - Titles and styles:

1 December 1844 – 31 July 1853: Her Highness Princess Alexandra of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg

31 July 1853 – 21 December 1858: Her Highness Princess Alexandra of Denmark

21 December 1858 – 10 March 1863: Her Royal Highness Princess Alexandra of Denmark

10 March 1863 – 22 January 1901: Her Royal Highness The Princess of Wales

22 January 1901 – 6 May 1910: Her Majesty The Queen

6 May 1910 – 20 November 1925: Her Majesty Queen Alexandra

Yeungkahchun (talk) 03:19, 20 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Weak oppose. I don't find the rationale persuasive. She's Princess of Wales for longer than anything else but we don't title the article Alexandra, Princess of Wales, and a move would seem to break the consistency in article titles with most of the other consorts. Celia Homeford (talk) 15:05, 20 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Then in my opinion, the article Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother should be renamed, per that reason. Peter Ormond (talk) 22:54, 22 April 2021 (UTC)
 * I actually agree that it should. BTW she was consort of Edward VII, not George V. PatGallacher (talk) 23:44, 22 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Well, there have been calls to have the article about The Queen Mother moved back to its original title, “Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon”, which would make it consistent with the articles about other consorts. I think two users raised the issue on the article’s talk page but no formal “requests” for renaming the page has been submitted. Any such request should have a strong base within our naming policies and show that the maiden name is the most suitable and common name for that page. Keivan.f  Talk 03:46, 25 April 2021 (UTC)

 * Oppose I only preferred to choose "Alexandra of Denmark", instead of "Queen Alexandra". --Frontman830 (talk) 02:50, 21 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose Unconvincing argument. Dimadick (talk) 12:36, 21 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose per Celia Homeford. Interstellarity (talk) 15:22, 22 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Support. The sources seem to support the proposed title, and the current title using "of Denmark" just isn't very good when she was Queen of the UK. Rreagan007 (talk) 01:09, 23 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose per WP:CONSORTS "Many consorts are known in English as "{Name} of {Place}" [...] where {Place} is the country or House of origin." --Richiepip (talk) 01:51, 23 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose also per WP:CONSORTS – the guidance is clear. —Jonathan Bowen (talk) 20:47, 24 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose per WP:CONSORTS. Additionally, she hasn’t been the only queen in history to be named Alexandra, and there’s no proof that she’s the most notable one or the primary target with this name; only in that case Queen Alexandra could be used as the title of this article. Keivan.f  Talk 03:31, 25 April 2021 (UTC)

1913 portrait substituted and reverted
The 1913 portrait appears to be a reversed version of that to be found in the NPG collection at https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw263506/Queen-Alexandra?LinkID=mp00072&search=sas&sText=queen+alexandra&wPage=19&role=sit&rNo=390. It has also been artificially faded at the sides. I don't see what it would have added to the page.

Sbishop (talk) 16:00, 20 May 2021 (UTC)Sbishop

Titles & Styles
Why was this section removed? I feel it is a poor decision. JasonKurth (talk) 20:22, 27 December 2022 (UTC)

 * I agree. I came here looking to see if this was mentioned because I was sure I'd seen it on her article in the past. None of her siblings have this section either. 2600:1700:BC01:9B0:99C1:3A3F:A00A:39A3 (talk) 22:44, 6 July 2023 (UTC)

I’ve been trying to find London Gazettes to cite her titles but it’s been difficult for her early titles. However, I think this was the issue – they were never properly cited. AKTC3 (talk) 04:15, 4 March 2023 (UTC)
 * That's what the edit summary said: . Most of it was uncited and the one citation that was given didn't support the content. Celia Homeford (talk) 08:33, 7 July 2023 (UTC)

Legacy
For a while there was information in the legacy section regarding the Queen Alexandra Bridge in Sunderland, UK. I updated that section slightly and then shortly afterwards it was removed as deemed too trivial (along with street names). I re-added the bridge section with a little more detail plus another reference. This was then removed almost straight away, again with reason (trivial, excessive detail) by user DrKay. I still think the bridge is very relevant to the article. It was dedicated to the Queen and the Earl of Durham officially opened it on her behalf, it wasn't a trivial matter, she was loved in the area as she was in most of the UK, maybe more so in England. The text that was removed:

"The Queen Alexandra Bridge, a road traffic, pedestrian and former railway bridge in Sunderland, was officially opened by The Earl of Durham, on behalf of Queen Alexandra on the 10th of June, 1909."

Am I alone in my thoughts here, is this local landmark that was dedicated and named after a beloved Queen, really irrelevant to the legacy section of her article? Norms360 (talk) 23:04, 10 March 2024 (UTC)
 * This is all abit trivial and is noticeably cited to books and websites about the things themselves. The citations are not actually about Alexandra. This article should be about Alexandra not English street or bridge names. Celia Homeford (talk) 12:28, 11 March 2024 (UTC)
 * My view hasn't changed since 2008: . DrKay (talk) 18:00, 11 March 2024 (UTC)

Titles & Styles
I know this topic has been talked about already but I feel like I have to bring it back.

Queen Alexandra had MANY titles. She wasn't even born Princess of Denmark as her father became King during the same period she married Queen Victoria's eldest son and heir, Prince Edward, Prince of Wales.

A section of Titles & Styles would help people learn about her more clearly.

SferaEbbasta87 (talk) 17:59, 9 June 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Alexandra of Denmark


text:
Talk:Canvas work

Untitled
The kitty is adorable! Do you have a copy of the pattern?

I would strongly suggest that this article is merged with Needlepoint. The two are often used as synonyms, and i really wouldn't know how to write two clearly separated articles. The current stubs seem to talk about the same form of embroidery anyway. I would prefer needlepoint as article name, because this is often used in a broader sense than canvas work. We already have a good article on Berlin wool work, and maybe there will other separate articles about other distinct styles of needlepoint. If no one disagrees within a month, i'll simply do the merge. Please comment here. Thanks Lady Tenar 23:20, 19 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Merge
It was suggested above (13 years ago!) that this article be merged with Needlepoint, and I concur! I have a number of sourees that indicate that "canvas work" is a synonym for "needlepoint" including the Getty Art & Architecture Thesaurus and This article at the Textile Research Centre, Leiden. Any objections? - PKM (talk) 21:36, 29 June 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Canvas work


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Heather Graham

Heather Joan Graham (born January 29, 1970) is an American actress. After appearing in television commercials, her first starring role in a feature film came with the teen comedy License to Drive (1988), followed by the critically acclaimed film Drugstore Cowboy (1989). She then played supporting roles on the television series Twin Peaks (1991), and in films such as Six Degrees of Separation (1993) and Swingers (1996). She gained critical praise for her role as "Rollergirl" in the film Boogie Nights (1997). This led to major roles in the comedy films Bowfinger and Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me (both 1999).

Graham had leading roles in Say It Isn't So (2001) and From Hell (2001), and continued to play supporting roles in the films Mary (2005); The Hangover (2009) and its sequel, The Hangover Part III (2013); At Any Price (2012); and Horns (2013). She has had roles on television series such as Scrubs (2004) and Californication (2014).

Graham is a public advocate for Children International and supported the climate change campaign Global Cool in 2007.

Early life
Graham was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The elder of two children, her younger sister Aimee Graham is also an actress and writer. Her mother Joan (née Bransfield) is a teacher and author of children's books, and her father James Graham is a retired FBI agent. Her family relocated repeatedly before moving to Agoura Hills, California, when she was nine. She was introduced to acting during a school production of The Wizard of Oz.

After high school, Graham enrolled in extension classes at the University of California, Los Angeles, where she studied English for two years. Against her parents' wishes, Graham withdrew from UCLA to pursue acting full time.

Early work (1984–1988)
Graham's first film appearance was an uncredited cameo in Mrs. Soffel (1984). Her first credited film appearance was in the television film Student Exchange. In 1986, she appeared on a special "Teen Week" episode of the NBC game show Scrabble. Then she appeared in numerous television commercials, and an episode of the sitcom Growing Pains in 1987. Her first high-profile starring role came in the Corey Haim/Corey Feldman vehicle License to Drive (1988), as a popular girl named Mercedes Lane, who serves as the love interest of Haim's character. Her efforts won her a Young Artist Award nomination in the Best Young Actress in a Motion Picture Comedy or Fantasy category. Her strict parents forbade her to accept a role in the black comedy Heathers (1988), which had an expletive-rich script. The same year, she had an uncredited appearance as Danny DeVito and Arnold Schwarzenegger's mother in flashbacks in their film, Twins.

From Drugstore Cowboy to Swingers (1989–1996)
In 1989, Graham was featured in Gus Van Sant's Drugstore Cowboy as Nadine, a young, drug-addicted accomplice of the two main characters (played by Matt Dillon and Kelly Lynch). Her performance gave her career an initial boost and earned her a nomination for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Actress. She rejected a steady role in a soap opera and a three-picture deal with a major studio because she thought it would be too restrictive. After Drugstore Cowboy, she appeared in Lawrence Kasdan's dark comedy I Love You to Death (1990), alongside William Hurt and Keanu Reeves, and the rock-and-roll coming-of-age film Shout (1991), for which she received a nomination for the Young Artist Award for Best Actress Starring in a Motion Picture.

After Graham co-starred with Benicio del Toro in a Calvin Klein commercial directed by David Lynch, the director cast her as Annie Blackburn in Twin Peaks, where she appeared in the final six episodes. Following the show's cancellation, Graham reprised the role of Blackburn in the 1992 prequel film Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me.

She featured in Diggstown (1992), alongside James Woods; the well-received Six Degrees of Separation (1993), alongside Will Smith; and The Ballad of Little Jo (1993), alongside Ian McKellen before reteaming with Gus Van Sant for the critically panned film adaptation of Even Cowgirls Get the Blues, alongside Uma Thurman. The same year she co-starred as Mary Kennedy Taylor in Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle. In 1995, she starred as Jackie in the poorly received Desert Winds and guest-starred in an episode of the television series Fallen Angels. She had a small but important role in Swingers (1996), where she played Lorraine, Jon Favreau's love interest. She also played a small role as Maggie Bowen in Entertaining Angels: The Dorothy Day Story (1996).

Wider industry and public recognition (1997–2003)
Graham's popularity significantly increased after playing a young porn star in the critically acclaimed film Boogie Nights (1997). The cast received a nomination for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture. The same year, she also starred in the Gregg Araki film Nowhere, and had a cameo in the horror hit Scream 2 as a fictionalised version of herself, portraying Casey Becker in the film within a film Stab. She was subsequently cast in Two Girls and a Guy (1998), a film mainly based upon dialogue between the characters, shot in 11 days, which co-starred Robert Downey Jr. and Natasha Gregson; and the sci-fi film Lost in Space, which was met with mostly negative reviews, and grossed $69,117,629 domestically on a production budget of $80 million. The cast was signed on for sequels that remain unmade.

She starred as Felicity Shagwell in the sequel Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me (1999), which was a box-office hit. Shagwell is one of her best-known roles and became a fan favorite. Her turn as Shagwell also earned her a nomination for the Saturn Award for Best Actress. She appeared in the music video for Lenny Kravitz's cover of "American Woman". Also in 1999, Graham co-starred as Daisy in the movie Bowfinger, opposite Steve Martin and Eddie Murphy.

The 2000 film Committed was her first starring vehicle. She played Joline, a devoted-beyond-reason young wife looking for the husband who left her. While the film itself received mixed reviews, the Rotten Tomatoes summary of critics felt that "Graham shows she can play a central character", but noted "she's not enough to make Committed successful". The following year, she co-starred as Annie Matthews, an unhappily married woman, in Edward Burns' Sidewalks of New York. In 2002, she starred with Joseph Fiennes in Chen Kaige's English-language debut film Killing Me Softly, which received overwhelmingly negative response from critics and a 0% at Rotten Tomatoes, with the consensus being: "Respected director Chen Kaige's first English-language film is a spectacularly misguided erotic thriller, with ludicrous plot twists and cringe-worthy dialogue". In 2009, the site also rated it No. 12 on the countdown of the worst films over the last ten years.

Graham's other appearances in mainstream fare include playing a fictionalized version of the Jack the Ripper murder victim Mary Kelly in the film From Hell (2001), starring Johnny Depp; Anger Management (2003), starring Adam Sandler and Jack Nicholson; the Farrelly Brothers comedy Say It Isn't So (2001), opposite Sally Field; The Guru, co-starring Jimi Mistry, and Hope Springs (2003), co-starring Colin Firth.

Focus on independent films and television (2004–2008)
From 2004 to 2008, Graham starred in several independent films Gray Matters, Broken, Adrift in Manhattan (all 2007), and Miss Conception (2008), most of which received generally negative reviews and went largely unnoticed at the box office. Multiple sources:
 * Her 2005 film Mary holds a 63% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, her first "Fresh" film since Bowfinger. The film premiered at the 2005 Venice Film Festival where it won the Special Jury Prize, as well as three smaller awards. The film also played at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival, Deauville Film Festival, and San Sebastián International Film Festival, and co-starred Juliette Binoche, Forest Whitaker, Marion Cotillard, and Matthew Modine. In 2006, she co-starred in Bobby as Angela; the film's cast was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture.
 * Her 2005 film Mary holds a 63% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, her first "Fresh" film since Bowfinger. The film premiered at the 2005 Venice Film Festival where it won the Special Jury Prize, as well as three smaller awards. The film also played at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival, Deauville Film Festival, and San Sebastián International Film Festival, and co-starred Juliette Binoche, Forest Whitaker, Marion Cotillard, and Matthew Modine. In 2006, she co-starred in Bobby as Angela; the film's cast was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture.
 * Her 2005 film Mary holds a 63% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, her first "Fresh" film since Bowfinger. The film premiered at the 2005 Venice Film Festival where it won the Special Jury Prize, as well as three smaller awards. The film also played at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival, Deauville Film Festival, and San Sebastián International Film Festival, and co-starred Juliette Binoche, Forest Whitaker, Marion Cotillard, and Matthew Modine. In 2006, she co-starred in Bobby as Angela; the film's cast was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture.
 * Her 2005 film Mary holds a 63% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, her first "Fresh" film since Bowfinger. The film premiered at the 2005 Venice Film Festival where it won the Special Jury Prize, as well as three smaller awards. The film also played at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival, Deauville Film Festival, and San Sebastián International Film Festival, and co-starred Juliette Binoche, Forest Whitaker, Marion Cotillard, and Matthew Modine. In 2006, she co-starred in Bobby as Angela; the film's cast was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture.
 * Her 2005 film Mary holds a 63% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, her first "Fresh" film since Bowfinger. The film premiered at the 2005 Venice Film Festival where it won the Special Jury Prize, as well as three smaller awards. The film also played at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival, Deauville Film Festival, and San Sebastián International Film Festival, and co-starred Juliette Binoche, Forest Whitaker, Marion Cotillard, and Matthew Modine. In 2006, she co-starred in Bobby as Angela; the film's cast was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture.
 * Her 2005 film Mary holds a 63% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, her first "Fresh" film since Bowfinger. The film premiered at the 2005 Venice Film Festival where it won the Special Jury Prize, as well as three smaller awards. The film also played at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival, Deauville Film Festival, and San Sebastián International Film Festival, and co-starred Juliette Binoche, Forest Whitaker, Marion Cotillard, and Matthew Modine. In 2006, she co-starred in Bobby as Angela; the film's cast was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture.
 * Her 2005 film Mary holds a 63% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, her first "Fresh" film since Bowfinger. The film premiered at the 2005 Venice Film Festival where it won the Special Jury Prize, as well as three smaller awards. The film also played at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival, Deauville Film Festival, and San Sebastián International Film Festival, and co-starred Juliette Binoche, Forest Whitaker, Marion Cotillard, and Matthew Modine. In 2006, she co-starred in Bobby as Angela; the film's cast was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture.

Graham also spoke about developing a comedy film titled The Accidental Virgin, which would have focused on "female sexual confusion", telling the story of a woman who has not had sex in a year. The film has not been made. She also stated she would be interested in directing in the future if it is "something that, its burning in my mind that I need to do".

On television, Graham played herself in an episode of the TV series Sex and the City. She was given special guest-star status on nine episodes of Scrubs during its fourth season (2004–2005), and also appeared as George Michael Bluth's ethics teacher in an episode of Arrested Development in 2004. She played Emily Sanders in Emily's Reasons Why Not, but the sitcom was cancelled after airing only one episode.

The Hangover and after (2009–present)
In 2009, Graham played the stripper with a heart of gold, Jade, in The Hangover, which was released to critical and box-office success. She won the role after Lindsay Lohan turned it down. Though she did not return for the sequel The Hangover Part II, she reprised her role in the final installment of the trilogy, The Hangover Part III. In 2010, she starred in Boogie Woogie, followed by roles in the unsuccessful films Father of Invention, 5 Days of War, Judy Moody and the Not Bummer Summer (all 2011), and About Cherry (2012). Graham was also credited for archive footage of her from Scream 2 re-used in Scream 4 (2011).

Graham voiced the character of Antonia Bayle in the online role-playing video game EverQuest 2.

She played Meredith Crown in At Any Price, which stars Dennis Quaid and Zac Efron, and was selected to compete for the Golden Lion at the 69th Venice International Film Festival, and later screened as an official selection at the Telluride and Toronto Film Festivals. Other roles include mob lawyer Annette Stratton-Osborne in Behaving Badly and short story writer Mary Bellanova in My Dead Boyfriend (both 2014). She wrote a comedy screenplay called Half Magic, which in 2013 she stated she wanted to direct. She said the story focuses on "these female friends and sexuality and about people having a sense of shame about sexuality and learning how to have a healthier attitude about it [...] It also deals with male/female relationships and sexism". The film was released in 2018.

In 2012, she was a member of the jury of the 15th Shanghai International Film Festival.

In 2014, she starred in the second adaptation of the V. C. Andrews novel Flowers in the Attic on the Lifetime network. She played the character of Corrine Dollanganger, an evil mother who locks her four children in an attic to receive an inheritance from her dying father. Graham also appeared in two TV films sequels based on the V.C. Andrews' series: Petals on the Wind and If There Be Thorns, continuing to play the role of Corrine Dollanganger. She appeared in the final season of Californication as the mother of David Duchovny's long-lost son.

In 2018, she co-starred in the David Cross dark comedy series Bliss, which was released by the BritBox streaming service. It starred Stephen Mangan as Andrew, a fraudulent travel writer, who struggles to maintain long-term relationships with two partners, Kim (Graham) and Denise (Jo Hartley), who are not aware of one another.

In 2023, Graham starred as Charlotte Sanders in the Netflix Christmas-themed film Best. Christmas. Ever! alongside Brandy Norwood, Jason Biggs and Matt Cedeño.

Graham wrote, directed, and starred in Chosen Family, which is set to be released in 2024.

Activism
Besides her acting work, Graham is also an activist who serves as a public advocate for the nongovernmental organization (NGO) Children International. She stated that what she likes about Children International is that "you are helping a child have a better life. It's great for that child to know that someone who lives in another country cares about them". Graham works with the Cambodian Children's Fund, also an NGO, which provides supplies and education, and campaigns to stop slavery. "There's a lot of human trafficking in Cambodia," Graham has said. "Women are dying because they don't have $15 to give birth in a hospital. The [Children's Fund] provides free education, clean water and healthcare for communities... We're creating future leaders who will be able to help themselves."

In 2007 she supported the climate change campaign Global Cool and appeared in Shekhar Kapur's short film Global Cool alongside Sienna Miller.

In the media
Graham is considered a sex symbol. She was ranked at number 40 in FHM's 100 Sexiest Women in the World list in 2000, number 95 in 2001 list, number 97 in the 2002 list, number 74 in the 2005 list and at number 98 in 2006 list. In 2001, she was named one of the 50 Most Beautiful People by People. In 2003, she posed for a photoshoot by photographer Sam Jones during which she was levitated several feet into the air by a magician who later also sawed her in half. Also in 2003, Graham appeared on the cover of Time for an article titled "The Science of Meditation". To promote Emily's Reasons Why Not, she posed for a LIFE cover story, printed weeks in advance of the assumed series schedule, referring to her as "TV's sexiest star", which appeared in the January 27, 2006, issue.

Graham is often cast in sexual roles, including those of Felicity Shagwell (Austin Powers: The Spy who Shagged Me), porn stars Rollergirl (Boogie Nights) and Sharonna (The Guru), prostitute Mary Kelly (From Hell), porn director Margaret (About Cherry), and stripper Jade (The Hangover and The Hangover, Part III). She stated she finds these types of roles and the issue of sexuality fascinating, and believes that "our culture sends out mixed messages to women about sex. Are women supposed to be sexually alive people, or are we supposed to be 'good' mothers who would never do those things?" and that she likes "the fact some of my roles maybe help people open their minds about the way they think about sex".

In 2005, Graham became the spokeswoman for the Garnier brand of hair care products.

In 2017, Graham recounted a time in the early 2000s when Hollywood producer Harvey Weinstein indirectly implied that he would give her a role of her choice if she slept with him. Later, Graham indicated she canceled a planned meeting with Weinstein at a hotel when a friend was unable to accompany her. Graham did not have further contact with Weinstein and she was never cast in any films he produced.

Personal life
Graham has been estranged from her parents in the past. Regarding the media's perception of her relationship with her parents, she stated: "I don't really like to talk about my parents because I just feel that it gets misinterpreted in the press."

Graham has been practising transcendental meditation since 1991 after being introduced to it by David Lynch. She has also expressed her dislike of reality television, stating in a 2007 interview: "I think some of it, it seems strange – why do we all want to watch people be so miserable? Other people's pain and misery – it seems kind of sad."

In 1992, Graham dated James Woods, her co-star in the film Diggstown. She later dated British rock star Adam Ant. From 2008 to 2011, she was in a relationship with Israeli screenwriter Yaniv Raz. She also dated Heath Ledger.

She has been dating John de Neufville since 2022.

title: Heather Graham


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Needlepoint

Needlepoint is a type of canvas work, a form of embroidery in which yarn is stitched through a stiff open weave canvas. Traditionally needlepoint designs completely cover the canvas. Although needlepoint may be worked in a variety of stitches, many needlepoint designs use only a simple tent stitch and rely upon color changes in the yarn to construct the pattern. Needlepoint is the oldest form of canvas work.

The degree of detail in needlepoint depends on the thread count of the underlying mesh fabric. Due to the inherent lack of suppleness of needlepoint, common uses include eyeglass cases, holiday ornaments, pillows, purses, upholstery, and wall hangings.

History
Modern needlepoint descends from the canvas work in tent stitch, done on an evenly woven open ground fabric that was a popular domestic craft in the 16th century.

Further development of needlepoint was influenced in the 17th century by Bargello and in the 19th century by shaded Berlin wool work in brightly colored wool yarn. Upholstered furniture became fashionable in the 17th century, and this prompted the development of a more durable material to serve as a foundation for the embroidered works of art. In 18th century America, needlepoint was used as a preparatory skill to train young women to sew their own clothing.

Terminology
When referring to handcrafted textile arts which a speaker is unable to identify, the appropriate generalized term is "needlework". The first recorded use of the term needlepoint is in 1869, as a synonym for point-lace. Mrs Beeton's Beeton's Book of Needlework (1870) does not use the term "needlework", but rather describes "every kind of stitch which is made upon canvas with wool, silk or beads" as Berlin Work (also spelled Berlinwork). Berlin Work refers to a subset of needlepoint, popular in the mid-19th Century that was stitched in brightly colored wool on needlepoint canvas from hand-colored charts.

"Needlepoint" refers to a particular set of stitching techniques worked upon stiff openwork canvas. However, "needlepoint" is not synonymous with all types of embroidery. Because it is stitched on a fabric that is an open grid, needlepoint is not embellishing a fabric, as is the case with most other types of embroidery, but literally the making of a new fabric. It is for this reason that many needlepoint stitches must be of sturdier construction than other embroidery stitches.

Needlepoint is often referred to as "tapestry" in the United Kingdom and sometimes as "canvas work". However, needlepoint—which is stitched on canvas mesh—differs from true tapestry—which is woven on a vertical loom. When worked on fine weave canvas in tent stitch, it is also known as "petit point". Additionally, "needlepoint lace" is also an older term for needle lace, an historic lace-making technique.

Materials
The thread used for stitching may be wool, silk, cotton or combinations, such as wool-silk blend. Variety fibers may also be used, such as metallic cord, metallic braid, ribbon, or raffia. Stitches may be plain, covering just one thread intersection with a single orientation, or fancy, such as in bargello or other counted-thread stitches. Plain stitches, known as tent stitches, may be worked as basketweave, continental or half cross. Basketweave uses the most wool, but does not distort the rectangular mesh and makes for the best-wearing piece.

Several types of embroidery canvas are available: single thread and double thread embroidery canvas are open even-weave meshes, with large spaces or holes to allow heavy threads to pass through without fraying. Canvas is sized by mesh sizes, or thread count per inch. Sizes vary from 5 threads per inch to 24 threads per inch; popular mesh sizes are 10, 12, 14, 18, and 24. The different types of needlepoint canvas available on the market are interlock, mono, penelope, plastic, and rug.

 * Interlock Mono Canvas is more stable than the others and is made by twisting two thin threads around each other for the lengthwise thread and "locking" them into a single crosswise thread. Interlock canvas is generally used for printed canvases. Silk gauze is a form of interlock canvas, which is sold in small frames for petit-point work. Silk gauze most often comes in 32, 40 or 48 count, although some 18 count is available and 64, 128 and other counts are used for miniature work.
 * Mono canvas comes in the widest variety of colors (especially 18 mesh) and is plain woven, with one weft thread going over and under one warp thread. This canvas has the most possibilities for manipulation and open canvas. It is used for hand-painted canvases as well as counted thread canvaswork.
 * Penelope canvas has two threads closely grouped together in both warp and weft. Because these threads can be split apart, penelope sizes are often expressed with two numbers, such as 10/20.
 * Plastic canvas is a stiff canvas that is generally used for smaller projects and is sold as "pre-cut pieces" rather than by the yard. Plastic canvas is an excellent choice for beginners who want to practice different stitches.
 * Rug canvas is a mesh of strong cotton threads, twisting two threads around each other lengthwise forms the mesh and locking them around a crosswise thread made the same way; this cannot be separated. Canvases come in different gauges, and rug canvas is 3.3 mesh and 5 mesh, which is better for more detailed work.

Frames and hoops
Needlepoint canvas is stretched on a scroll frame or tacked onto a rectangular wooden frame to keep the work taut during stitching. Petit point is sometimes worked in a small embroidery hoop rather than a scroll frame.

Patterns
Commercial designs for needlepoint may be found in different forms: hand-painted canvas, printed canvas, trammed canvas, charted canvas, and free-form.

In hand-painted canvas, the design is painted on the canvas by the designer, or painted to their specifications by an employee or contractor. Canvases may be stitch-painted, meaning each thread intersection is painstakingly painted so that the stitcher has no doubts about what color is meant to be used at that intersection. Alternatively, they may be hand-painted, meaning that the canvas is painted by hand but the stitcher will have to use their judgment about what colors to use if a thread intersection is not clearly painted. Hand-painted canvases allow for more creativity with different threads and unique stitches by not having to pay attention to a separate chart. In North America this is the most popular form of needlepoint canvas.

Printed canvas is when the design is printed by silk screening or computer onto the needlepoint canvas. Printing the canvas in this means allows for faster creation of the canvas and thus has a lower price than Hand-Painted Canvas. However, care must be taken that the canvas is straight before being printed to ensure that the edges of the design are straight. Designs are typically less involved due to the limited color palette of this printing method. The results (and the price) of printed canvas vary extensively. Often printed canvases come as part of kits, which also dramatically vary in quality, based on the printing process and the materials used. This form of canvas is widely available outside North America.

On a trammed canvas the design is professionally stitched onto the canvas by hand using horizontal stitches of varying lengths of wool of the appropriate colours. The canvas is usually sold together with the wool required to stitch the trammed area. The stitcher then uses tent stitch over the horizontal lines with the trame stitches acting as an accurate guide as to the colour and number of stitches required. This technique is particularly suited to designs with a large area of mono-colour background as such areas do not require tramming, reducing the cost of the canvas and allowing the stitcher to choose the background colour themselves. The Portuguese island of Madeira is the historic centre for the manufacture of trammed canvases.

Charted canvas designs are available in book or leaflet form. They are available at book stores and independent needlework stores. Charted Canvas designs are typically printed in two ways: either in grid form with each thread intersection being represented with a symbol that shows what color is meant to be stitched on that intersection, or as a line drawing where the stitcher is to trace the design onto his canvas and then fill in those areas with the colors listed. Books typically include a grouping of designs from a single designer such as Kaffe Fassett or Candace Bahouth, or may be centered on a theme such as Christmas or Victorian Needlepoint. Leaflets usually include one to two designs and are usually printed by the individual designer.

Free-form needlepoint designs are created by the stitcher. They may be based around a favorite photograph, stitch, thread color, etc. The stitcher just starts stitching! Many interesting pieces are created this way. It allows for the addition of found objects, appliqué, computer-printed photographs, goldwork, or specialty stitches.

While traditionally needlepoint has been done to create a solid fabric, more modern needlepoint incorporates colored canvas, a variety of fibers and beadwork. Different stitching techniques also allow some of the unstitched, or lightly stitched, canvas to show through, adding an entirely new dimension to needlepoint work. Some of these techniques include "shadow" or "light" stitching, blackwork on canvas, and pattern darning.

Needlepoint continues to evolve as stitchers use new techniques and threads, and add appliqué or found materials. The line between needlepoint and other forms of embroidery is becoming blurred as new stitchers adapt techniques and materials from other forms of embroidery to needlepoint.

Historical and political figures
Royal needlepointers include: Mary, Queen of Scots, Marie Antoinette, Queen Elizabeth I, Princess Grace. In fact, the American Needlepoint Guild has established a Princess Grace Award (Needlepoint) for needlepoint completed entirely in tent stitch. (This award is not formally associated with the Princess Grace Foundation which presents the "Princess Grace Awards". )

An American historical figure who was an avid needlepointer is Martha Washington, the wife of George Washington.

Modern celebrities
American football player Roosevelt "Rosey" Grier released a book titled Rosey Grier's Needlepoint for Men (1973) that shows Grier stitching and samples of his work.

Actress Mary Martin's book Mary Martin's Needlepoint (1969) catalogues her works and provides needlework tips. The American actress Sylvia Sidney sold needlepoint kits featuring her designs, and she published two popular instruction books: Sylvia Sidney's Needlepoint Book and The Sylvia Sidney Question and Answer Book on Needlepoint.

The MTV documentary 9 Days and 9 Nights with Ed Sheeran (2014) revealed that Taylor Swift made Sheeran a Drake-themed needlepoint as a friendship gesture.

Actress Loretta Swit's book, A Needlepoint Scrapbook (1986), includes a design for Ms. Pac-Man.

Needlepoint stitches
Most commercial needlework kits recommend one of the variants of tent stitch, although Victorian cross stitch and random long stitch are also used. Authors of books of needlepoint designs sometimes use a wider range of stitches. Historically, a very wide range of stitches have been used including:

 * Arraiolos stitch
 * Brick Stitch
 * (Victorian) Cross Stitch
 * Encroaching Upright Gobelin stitch
 * Gobelin stitch
 * Hungarian Ground stitch
 * Hungarian point stitch
 * Mosaic stitch
 * Old Florentine stitch
 * Parisian stitch
 * Long Stitch - A pattern of triangles in double rows used on a single canvas.
 * Cross stitch
 * Smyrna stitch
 * Tent stitches - Basketweave, Continental and Half cross variants
 * Upright cross stitch - This stitch creates an almost crunchy texture and can be used on both single and double canvas.
 * Whipped flower stitch

There are many books that teach readers how to create hundreds, if not thousands, of stitches. Some were written by famous stitchers, such as Mary Martin and Sylvia Sydney. However, the most popular and long-lived is The Needlepoint Book by Jo Ippolito Christensen, Simon & Schuster. First published in 1976 by Prentice-Hall, the widely distributed text has been continuously in print and was revised in 2015. Over 425,000 copies have been sold as of 2023. It contains 436 stitches and 1680 illustrations in 560 pages.

In popular culture
A needlepoint stitched by Cullen Bohannon's murdered wife, Mary, is referred to repeatedly throughout Hell on Wheels season 1. For example, in episode 2, "Immoral Mathematics" (November 13, 2011), Bohannon flashes back to seeing Mary stitching the needlepoint; in episode 3, "A New Birth of Freedom"(November 20, 2011), Bohannon finds a piece of that finished needlework in the personal effects of the now-deceased foreman, Daniel Johnson (who in the previous episode had admitted to being part of the Union outfit that raped and killed Mary); and in episode 4, "Jamais je ne t'oublierai" (November 27, 2011), the inebriated Bohannon realizes he's lost the needlepoint, and he gets into a fight with Bolan, when the latter tauntingly reveals that he has the swatch.

Needlepoint backgrounds were used most famously on the long running game show, Family Feud from its premiere with Richard Dawson in 1976 to the end of the Ray Combs era in 1994.

title: Needlepoint


text:
User:Hfastedge/mystuff

List of SubTopics:

user:hfastedge/essays

User:hfastedge/collaborative_projects

My Slashdot Comments that I don't want to go into oblivion. These are all sub comments, its suggested that you find out what the actual article is about as well so as to get a sense of what possibly inspired the below comments. EG (this is an image showing exactly how you would do this on the first comment in my list below. )

So Here they are:

 * UML like tool for Mac OS X http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=48514&cid=4929403

 * Insight into India http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=49230&cid=4977768

 * My reactions, and others reactions to my reactions on Gun control http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=48857&cid=4950187

 * My reactions to a US government site set up to provide faster ability to comment on the government. but its funny in that, some of the agencies listed on that page still ask for snail mail http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=51792&cid=5152651

 * a nice thread providing even more support to the article that Open Source software is more reliable statistically http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=54517&cid=5343168

 * interesting counter response to Microsoft winning a contract to have windows media player as a format for movie theaters http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=59500&cid=5654317

title: User:Hfastedge/mystuff