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Los Jaivas

Los Jaivas is a Chilean musical group who perform in folk, rock, psychedelic, and progressive rock styles formed in 1963 in Viña Del Mar, Chile. They are considered one of the most important and influential artists of all time in Latin America.

History
The origins of Los Jaivas can be found in the family nucleus made up of the brothers Eduardo, Claudio and Gabriel Parra, from Viña del Mar. Together with their friends and classmates from high school at the Liceo Guillermo Rivera Cotapos, located on Calle Montaña (a few steps de la Quinta Vergara), Los Jaivas appeared in Chilean music in August 15, 1963, under the name of The High & Bass as a progressive-rock-andino group, mixing rock with South American ancestral music. This name was proposed by Rolando Fuentes (a friend of founding member Claudio Parra during high school).

At that time in Chile, it was customary to use English names for musical bands. Another source indicates that the name is a reference to the members differences in height, since the word in Spanish for bass guitar is the same as that for short (bajo). Another source explains the name as a reference to the bass guitar played at a very high volume compared to the other instruments. During the following six years, and with its stable formation (Eduardo on keyboards, Claudio on accordion and piano, Gabriel on drums, Gato on guitar and Mario on bass) the band develops its musical proposal at parties and social gatherings in Viña del Mar, mainly performing music tropical, cha cha cha, bossa nova and boleros, with good results.

They quickly realized that an English-sounding name was not appropriate for a folk band, so they changed it to Jaivas (HIGH-BASS), a "Chileanized" pronunciation of "high bass" which ignores the fact that bass (the musical instrument) rhymes with base and lace in English, as opposed to the word bass (the fish) which rhymes with cass and lass, which is how the syllable vas is pronounced in the band's name. The spelling of Jaivas is a misspelling of the word jaibas, which means crabs in Spanish.

Between 1970 and 1971, and with its Spanishized name "Los Jaivas", the group's concerts became absolute improvisations, without scripts or prepared schemes, and with each musical instrument generating its own atmosphere, even with the help of the audience. Improvisation leads them to the appreciation of Latin American musical roots and to the exploration of the sounds of ancestral instruments, which allows them to combine apparently irreconcilable styles, but which Los Jaivas decide to capture in their subsequent musical creation.

Several concerts from this time, including those held at the Vanguard Music Festival of Viña del Mar (January 1970), the Sala de la Reforma of the Faculty of Musical Arts and Sciences of the University of Chile (May 1970), the Cine Arte de Viña del Mar (June 1970) and the Park of the Cultural Institute of Las Condes (May 1970), in addition to the soundtrack prepared for a film that was never made (¿Qué Hacer? by Raúl Ruiz, soundtrack recorded in October 1970), are reflected in the five-disc collection entitled La Vorágine, which documents the stage known as the Prehistory of Los Jaivas.

During this time, in addition, the group participates in the mythical Red Stone Festival and records its first official record label, homonymous, but known as El Volantín, due to its characteristic cover. The album, released in 1971, contains improvisations along the lines of the avant-garde explored previously, but it also includes the first compositional sketches, especially on songs like "Foto de Primera Comunión" and "Que o la Tumba Seras".

In 1972 they released the Todos Juntos album. It’s title track was a plea for unity among the people while Mira Ninita became another staple of the band’s live set.

However the next year the band was forced to take refuge in Argentina after the military dictatorship took over in Chile. In 1977, they headed to France, where they resided for a long time.

During this period of exile, they released the albums Los Jaivas (El Indio) (1975), Cancion Del Sur (1977) and their most acclaimed album Alturas de Macchu Picchu (1981), which was based on the poems of Pablo Neruda.

The band also flew to Peru to record a seminal concert video on the grounds of the famous Incan castle.

Subsequent albums included Aconcagua (1982) and Obras De Violeta Parra (1984). The latter album was based on the works of the Chilean communist folk singer Violeta Parra (unrelated to the Parra brothers).

Tragedy struck the band in 1988 when Gabriel died in Peru in a car crash. His daughter Juanita took his place behind the drums. In January 2003, the main singer, Gato Alquinta, died in Coquimbo, Chile, of a heart attack while swimming in the sea.

Gato's three sons soon joined the band to replace him: Ankatu (guitar), Eloy (saxophone) and Aurora (vocals). Aurora left shortly after, and Eloy died of a heart attack in 2004. Ankatu, however, is still a member of the band.

Among various other activities, in 2006 the group performed a historic concert on Easter Island, in addition to the Chilean Navy orchestra, and as part of the celebrations for the month of the sea. On September 20, 2006, Canal 13 broadcasts the television special Los Jaivas en Rapa Nui: Ojos Que Miran el Universo, which includes fragments of the recital, as well as interviews with the group and with inhabitants of the Island. The DVD that includes the event It was finally launched on the market in November 2007 under the title of Los Jaivas en Rapa Nui. On March 22, 2011 Los Jaivas make a presentation in tribute to the then American president Barack Obama in the courtyard of Los Cañones of the Palacio de La Moneda.

Homage
The band celebrated its 50th anniversary in an open concert on the front of the National Museum of Fine Arts of Santiago de Chile. Special guests were Inti Illimani, Los Tres and Congreso among others. The concert attracted a multitude of over 60,000 people, causing mayor upheaval in the city, and the police had to intervene with water cannons.

Biopic
In March 2013, the same year as the celebration of the band's 50th anniversary, Chilean-Dutch filmmaker Erasmo de la Parra (son of Claudio Parra) convinced the musicians to make a biopic based on the band's formative years. The film would be set in the 1960s in Viña del Mar, from the time they were known as "The High Bass" to the time they became known as "Los Jaivas". The director revealed on the film's official Facebook page that the production would have gone through long negotiations with Netflix, but that the production house eventually chose other projects. The film, titled The High Bass, is in pre-production with an unknown release date, and with the participation of Belgian, Dutch, and British producers.

In 2020, the 140-minute documentary Los Jaivas: Todos Juntos was released, honouring the band’s 55 year history. It was directed by Rodolfo Garate.

Members

 * Alan Reale (guitar, vocals)
 * Juanita Parra (drums)
 * Mario Mutis (vocals, electric guitar, bass, percussion)
 * Claudio Parra (piano, vocals)
 * Francisco Bosco (saxophone, organ)
 * Carlos Cabezas (charango, vocals, violin, flute)

Former members

 * Ankatu Alquinta (vocals, guitar)
 * Gabriel Parra † (drums)
 * Eduardo "Gato" Alquinta † (vocals, guitar)
 * Eduardo Parra (organ, percussion)
 * Eloy Alquinta † (vocals, saxophone, percussion)
 * Aurora Alquinta (vocals)
 * Carlos Edumuybueno (guitar)
 * Julio Anderson † (bass)
 * Carlos Canzani (bass, guitar)
 * Alberto Ledo (charango, quena)
 * Marcelo Muñoz (drums)
 * Fernando Flores (bass)

Discography

 * El Volantín 1971
 * Todos juntos 1972
 * La Ventana 1973
 * Palomita blanca (Movie soundtrack) 1973 (Released in 1992)
 * Sueños de América 1974 (Released in 1979)
 * Los Jaivas (El indio) 1975
 * Canción Del Sur 1977
 * Mambo de Machaguay (Compilation) 1978
 * Alturas de Macchu Picchu (based on lyrics from The Heights of Macchu Picchu by Pablo Neruda) 1981
 * Aconcagua 1982
 * Obras de Violeta Parra 1984
 * Si tu no estás 1989
 * Hijos de la Tierra 1995
 * Trilogia: El Rencuentro 1997
 * Mamalluca 1999
 * En El Bar-Restaurant Lo Que Nunca Se Supo (Compilation) 2000
 * Los Jaivas En Concierto: Gira Chile 2000 (Live) 2000
 * Arrebol 2001
 * Obras Cumbres (Compilation) 2003
 * La Vorágine I, Pan Negro (Improvisations 1969-70) 2003
 * La Vorágine II, La Reforma (Improvisations 1969-70) 2003
 * La Vorágine III, El Tótem (Improvisations 1969-70) 2003
 * La Vorágine IV, Mucha Intensidad (Improvisations 1969-70) 2003
 * La Vorágine V, ¿Qué Hacer? (Improvisations 1969-70) 2003
 * Serie de Oro: Grandes Exitos (Compilation) 2004

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Los Jaivas


text:
List of trees of Canada

This list compiles many of the common large shrubs and trees found in Canada. The Canadian flora is depauperate because of the near total glaciation event in the Pleistocene. Due to the vast area of Canada, a tree that is common in one area may be completely absent in another. In particular, many warm-temperate trees can only be grown on the mild Pacific coast (where gardens may contain additional species not listed here).

See also Provincial tree emblems of Canada for the official trees of the Provinces and Territories of Canada.

Pinophyta (Conifers)
Abies (firs)
 * Abies amabilis (Pacific Silver Fir)
 * Abies balsamea (Balsam Fir)
 * Abies bifolia (Rocky Mountains Subalpine Fir)
 * Abies concolor (White Fir) - introduced
 * Abies grandis (Grand Fir)
 * Abies lasiocarpa (Coast Range Subalpine Fir)
 * Abies magnifica (Red Fir) - introduced
 * Abies nordmanniana (Nordmann Fir) - introduced
 * Abies pinsapo (Spanish Fir) - introduced
 * Abies procera (Noble Fir) - introduced

Araucaria
 * Araucaria araucana (Monkey-puzzle) - introduced

Cedrus (cedars)
 * Cedrus atlantica (Atlas Cedar) - introduced
 * Cedrus deodara (Deodar Cedar) - introduced
 * Cedrus libani (Lebanon Cedar) - introduced

Chamaecyparis
 * Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (Lawson's Cypress) - introduced
 * Chamaecyparis obtusa (Hinoki Cypress) - introduced
 * Chamaecyparis pisifera (Sawara Cypress) - introduced

Cryptomeria
 * Cryptomeria japonica (Sugi) - introduced

Cupressus
 * Cupressus arizonica (Arizona Cypress) - introduced
 * Cupressus macrocarpa (Monterey Cypress) - introduced

Juniperus (junipers)
 * Juniperus chinensis (Chinese Juniper) - introduced
 * Juniperus communis (Common Juniper)
 * Juniperus horizontalis (Creeping Juniper)
 * Juniperus sabina (Savin Juniper) - introduced
 * Juniperus scopulorum (Rocky Mountain juniper)
 * Juniperus virginiana (Eastern Juniper)

Larix (larches)
 * Larix decidua (European Larch) - introduced
 * Larix gmelinii (Dahurian Larch) - introduced
 * Larix kaempferi (Japanese Larch) - introduced
 * Larix laricina (Tamarack Larch)
 * Larix lyallii (Subalpine Larch)
 * Larix occidentalis (Western Larch)
 * Larix sibirica (Siberian Larche) - introduced

Metasequoia
 * Metasequoia glyptostroboides (Dawn Redwood) - introduced

Picea (spruces)
 * Picea abies (Norway Spruce) - introduced
 * Picea engelmannii (Engelmann Spruce)
 * Picea glauca (White Spruce)
 * Picea mariana (Black Spruce)
 * Picea omorika (Serbian Spruce) - introduced
 * Picea pungens (Colorado Spruce) - introduced
 * Picea rubens (Red Spruce)
 * Picea sitchensis (Sitka Spruce)

Pinus (pines)
 * Pinus albicaulis (Whitebark Pine)
 * Pinus aristata (Bristlecone Pine) - introduced
 * Pinus banksiana (Jack Pine)
 * Pinus contorta subsp. contorta Shore Pine
 * Pinus contorta subsp. latifolia Lodgepole Pine
 * Pinus flexilis (Limber Pine)
 * Pinus monticola (Western White Pine)
 * Pinus mugo (Mountain Pine) - introduced
 * Pinus nigra (European Black Pine) or Austrian Pine - introduced
 * Pinus ponderosa (Ponderosa Pine)
 * Pinus resinosa (Red Pine)
 * Pinus rigida (Pitch Pine)
 * Pinus strobus (Eastern White Pine)
 * Pinus sylvestris (Scots Pine) - introduced

Platycladus
 * Platycladus orientalis (Chinese Arborvitae) (previously known as Thuja orientalis) - introduced

Pseudotsuga
 * Pseudotsuga menziesii subsp. menziesii (Coast Douglas-fir)
 * Pseudotsuga menziesii subsp. glauca (Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir)

Sciadopitys
 * Sciadopitys verticillata (Umbrella-pine) - introduced

Sequoia
 * Sequoia sempervirens (Coast Redwood) - introduced

Sequoiadendron
 * Sequoiadendron giganteum (Giant Sequoia) - introduced

Taxodium (cypresses)
 * Taxodium distichum (Baldcypress) - introduced

Taxus (yews)
 * Taxus baccata (English Yew) - introduced
 * Taxus brevifolia (Western Yew)
 * Taxus canadensis (Canada Yew)
 * Taxus cuspidata (Japanese Yew) - introduced

Thuja (thujas)
 * Thuja occidentalis (Eastern Arborvitae)
 * Thuja plicata (Western Redcedar)

Tsuga (hemlocks)
 * Tsuga canadensis (Eastern Hemlock)
 * Tsuga heterophylla (Western Hemlock)
 * Tsuga mertensiana (Mountain Hemlock)

Xanthocyparis
 * Xanthocyparis nootkatensis (Nootka Cypress, Yellow-cedar) (previously included in Chamaecyparis)

Ginkgophyta (Ginkgos)
Ginkgo
 * Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgo) - introduced

Magnoliophyta (Broadleaves)
Acer (maples)
 * Acer circinatum (Vine maple)
 * Acer × freemanii (Freeman's maple) (hybrid red maple × silver maple)
 * Acer ginnala (Amur maple) - introduced
 * Acer glabrum (Douglas maple)
 * Acer macrophyllum (Bigleaf maple)
 * Acer negundo (Manitoba maple or boxelder)
 * Acer nigrum (Black maple)
 * Acer palmatum (Japanese maple) - introduced
 * Acer pensylvanicum (Striped maple)
 * Acer platanoides (Norway maple) - introduced
 * Acer pseudoplatanus (Sycamore maple) - introduced
 * Acer rubrum (Red maple)
 * Acer saccharinum (Silver maple)
 * Acer saccharum (Sugar maple)
 * Acer spicatum (Mountain maple)

Aesculus (buckeyes and horse-chestnuts)
 * Aesculus × carnea (Red Horse-chestnut) - introduced
 * Aesculus glabra (Ohio Buckeye)
 * Aesculus hippocastanum (Common Horse-chestnut) - introduced

Ailanthus
 * Ailanthus altissima (Ailanthus) - introduced

Alnus (alders)
 * Alnus glutinosa (Black alder) - introduced
 * Alnus incana (Speckled alder)
 * Alnus rubra (Red alder)
 * Alnus serrulata (Hazel alder)
 * Alnus viridis (Green alder)

Amelanchier (serviceberries)
 * Amelanchier alnifolia (Juneberry or Saskatoon berry)
 * Amelanchier arborea (Downy serviceberry)
 * Amelanchier bartramiana (Mountain serviceberry)
 * Amelanchier florida (Pacific serviceberry)
 * Amelanchier laevis (Smooth serviceberry)
 * Amelanchier sanguinea (Roundleaf serviceberry)

Aralia
 * Aralia elata (Japanese angelica-tree) - introduced

Arbutus
 * Arbutus menziesii (Pacific Madrone)

Asimina
 * Asimina triloba (Pawpaw)

Betula (birches)
 * Betula alleghaniensis (Yellow Birch)
 * Betula cordifolia (Mountain Paper Birch)
 * Betula kenaica (Kenai Paper Birch)
 * Betula lenta (Cherry Birch)
 * Betula neoalaskana (Alaska Paper Birch)
 * Betula occidentalis (Water Birch)
 * Betula papyrifera (Paper Birch)
 * Betula pendula (Silver Birch) - introduced
 * Betula populifolia (Gray Birch)

Caragana
 * Caragana arborescens (Siberian pea-tree) - introduced

Carpinus (hornbeams)
 * Carpinus betulus (European Hornbeam) - introduced
 * Carpinus caroliniana (American Hornbeam)

Carya (hickories)
 * Carya cordiformis (Bitternut Hickory)
 * Carya glabra (Pignut Hickory)
 * Carya laciniosa (Shellbark Hickory)
 * Carya ovata (Shagbark Hickory)

Castanea (chestnuts)
 * Castanea dentata (American Chestnut)
 * Castanea mollissima (Chinese Chestnut) - introduced

Catalpa (catalpas)
 * Catalpa bignonioides (Southern catalpa) - introduced
 * Catalpa ovata (Japanese catalpa) - introduced
 * Catalpa speciosa (Northern catalpa) - introduced

Celtis (hackberries)
 * Celtis occidentalis (Hackberry)
 * Celtis tenuifolia (Dwarf hackberry)

Cephalanthus
 * Cephalanthus occidentalis (Button-bush))

Cercidiphyllum
 * Cercidiphyllum japonicum (Katsura-tree) - introduced

Cercis
 * Cercis canadensis (Redbud)

Cladrastis
 * Cladrastis kentukea (Yellow-wood) - introduced

Cornus (dogwoods)
 * Cornus alternifolia (Alternate-leaved dogwood)
 * Cornus florida (Flowering Dogwood)
 * Cornus kousa (Kousa Dogwood) - introduced
 * Cornus mas (European Cornel) - introduced
 * Cornus nuttallii (Pacific Dogwood)

Corylus (hazels )
 * Corylus americana (American Hazel)
 * Corylus avellana (Common hazel) - introduced
 * Corylus colurna (Turkish Hazel) - introduced
 * Corylus cornuta (Beaked Hazel)
 * Corylus maxima (Filbert) - introduced

Cotinus
 * Cotinus coggygria (Smokebush) - introduced

Crataegus (Hawthorns) - too many species to list.

Elaeagnus
 * Elaeagnus angustifolia (Russian-olive) - introduced
 * Elaeagnus commutata (Silverberry)

Euonymus (Euonymus)
 * Euonymus alatus (Winged euonymus) - introduced
 * Euonymus atropurpureus (Burning-bush) euonymus
 * Euonymus europaeus (European spindle) - introduced
 * Euonymus fortunei (Winter-creeper euonymus) - introduced

Fagus (beeches)
 * Fagus grandifolia (American Beech)
 * Fagus sylvatica (European Beech) - introduced

Fraxinus (ashes)
 * Fraxinus americana (White Ash)
 * Fraxinus excelsior (European Ash) - introduced
 * Fraxinus latifolia (Oregon Ash)
 * Fraxinus nigra (Black Ash)
 * Fraxinus pennsylvanica (Green Ash)
 * Fraxinus profunda (Pumpkin Ash)
 * Fraxinus quadrangulata (Blue Ash)

Gleditsia
 * Gleditsia triacanthos (Honey-locust)

Gymnocladus
 * Gymnocladus dioicus (Kentucky coffee-tree)

Hamamelis
 * Hamamelis virginiana (Witch-hazel)

Hippophae
 * Hippophae rhamnoides (Sea-buckthorn) - introduced

Ilex (hollies)
 * Ilex aquifolium (English Holly) - introduced
 * Ilex mucronata (Mountain Holly; syn. Nemopanthus mucronatus)
 * Ilex opaca (American Holly) - introduced
 * Ilex verticillata (Common Winterberry)

Juglans (walnuts)
 * Juglans cinerea (Butternut)
 * Juglans nigra (Black Walnut)
 * Juglans regia (Persian Walnut) - introduced

Laburnum
 * Laburnum anagyroides (Laburnum) - introduced

Liquidambar
 * Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweetgum) - introduced

Liriodendron
 * Liriodendron tulipifera (Tulip tree)

Maclura
 * Maclura pomifera (Osage-orange) - introduced

Magnolia (magnolias)
 * Magnolia acuminata (Cucumber tree)
 * Magnolia × soulangeana (Saucer magnolia) - introduced

Malus (apples)
 * Malus baccata (Siberian crab apple) - introduced
 * Malus coronaria (Wild crab apple)
 * Malus fusca (Pacific crab apple)
 * Malus sylvestris (Common apple) - introduced

Morus (mulberries)
 * Morus alba (White Mulberry) - introduced
 * Morus rubra (Red Mulberry)

Myrica
 * Myrica californica (Pacific bayberry)

Nemopanthus – see Ilex

Nyssa (tupelos)
 * Nyssa sylvatica (Black tupelo)

Ostrya
 * Ostrya virginiana (American hornbeam or Ironwood)

Phellodendron
 * Phellodendron amurense (Amur cork-tree) - introduced

Platanus (planes)
 * Platanus × acerifolia (London plane) - introduced
 * Platanus occidentalis (American sycamore)

Populus (poplars, balsam poplars, aspens, cottonwoods)
 * Populus × acuminata (Lanceleaf cottonwood)
 * Populus alba (White Poplar) - introduced
 * Populus angustifolia (Narrowleaf cottonwood)
 * Populus balsamifera (Eastern Balsam Poplar)
 * Populus × canadensis (Carolina poplar) - introduced
 * Populus deltoides (Eastern Cottonwood)
 * Populus grandidentata (Bigtooth Aspen)
 * Populus heterophylla (Swamp cottonwood)
 * Populus × jackii (Jack's hybrid poplar)
 * Populus nigra (Black Poplar, Lombardy poplar) - introduced
 * Populus simonii (Simon's poplar) - introduced
 * Populus tremuloides (Trembling Aspen)
 * Populus trichocarpa (Black Cottonwood)

Prunus (cherries, plums, peaches)
 * Prunus americana (American plum)
 * Prunus armeniaca (Apricot) - introduced
 * Prunus avium (Sweet cherry) - introduced
 * Prunus cerasus (Sour cherry) - introduced
 * Prunus emarginata (Bitter cherry)
 * Prunus maackii (Amur chokecherry) - introduced
 * Prunus nigra (Canada plum)
 * Prunus pensylvanica (Pin cherry)
 * Prunus serotina (Black cherry)
 * Prunus serrulata (Japanese flowering cherry) - introduced
 * Prunus virginiana (Chokecherry)

Ptelea
 * Ptelea trifoliata (Hoptree)

Pyrus (pears)
 * Pyrus communis (Common pear)

Quercus (oaks)
 * Quercus alba (White oak)
 * Quercus bicolor (Swamp white oak)
 * Quercus coccinea (Scarlet oak)
 * Quercus ellipsoidalis (Northern pin oak)
 * Quercus garryana (Garry oak)
 * Quercus ilicifolia (Bear oak)
 * Quercus imbricaria (Shingle oak)
 * Quercus macrocarpa (Bur oak)
 * Quercus montana (Chestnut oak)
 * Quercus muehlenbergii (Chinquapin oak)
 * Quercus palustris (Pin oak)
 * Quercus prinoides (Dwarf chinquapin oak)
 * Quercus robur (English oak) - introduced
 * Quercus rubra (Northern red oak)
 * Quercus shumardii (Shumard oak)
 * Quercus velutina (Black oak)

Rhamnus (buckthorns)
 * Rhamnus cathartica (European buckthorn) - introduced
 * Rhamnus frangula (Glossy buckthorn) - introduced
 * Rhamnus purshiana (Cascara buckthorn)

Rhododendron (rhododendrons)
 * Rhododendron macrophyllum (Pacific rhododendron)
 * Rhododendron maximum (Rosebay rhododendron) - introduced
 * Rhododendron ponticum (Pontic rhododendron) - introduced

Rhus (sumacs)
 * Rhus copallina (Shining sumac)
 * Rhus glabra (Smooth sumac)
 * Rhus typhina (Staghorn sumac)

Robinia
 * Robinia pseudoacacia (Black locust) - introduced

Sassafras
 * Sassafras albidum (Sassafras)

Salix (willows) - too many species to list.

Sambucus (elder)
 * Sambucus callicarpa (Red-berry elder)
 * Sambucus canadensis (American elder)
 * Sambucus cerulea (Blue-berry elder)
 * Sambucus melanocarpa (Black-berry elder)
 * Sambucus pubens (Eastern red-berry elder)

Shepherdia
 * Shepherdia argentea (Silver buffalo-berry)

Sorbus (rowans)
 * Sorbus americana (American Rowan or mountain-ash)
 * Sorbus aucuparia (European rowan) - introduced
 * Sorbus decora (Showy Rowan or mountain-ash)
 * Sorbus sitchensis (Sitka Rowan or mountain-ash)

Syringa
 * Syringa vulgaris (Common lilac)

Tilia (lindens)
 * Tilia americana (Basswood)
 * Tilia cordata (Little-leaf linden) - introduced
 * Tilia tomentosa (Silver linden) - introduced

Toxicodendron
 * Toxicodendron vernix (Poison-sumac)

Ulmus (elms)
 * Ulmus americana (American elm or White elm)
 * Ulmus glabra (Wych elm) - introduced
 * Ulmus procera (English elm) - introduced
 * Ulmus pumila (Siberian elm) - introduced
 * Ulmus rubra (Slippery elm)
 * Ulmus thomasii (Rock elm)

Viburnum (viburnums)
 * Viburnum edule (Squashberry)
 * Viburnum lantana (Wayfaring-tree) - introduced
 * Viburnum lentago (Sweet viburnum, nannyberry)
 * Viburnum opulus (Wayfaring tree) - introduced
 * Viburnum trilobum (Highbush cranberry)

Zanthoxylum (Zanthoxylums, prickly-ashes)
 * Zanthoxylum americanum (Common prickly-ash)
 * Zanthoxylum clava-herculis (Southern prickly-ash)

Zelkova
 * Zelkova serrata (Japanese zelkova) - introduced

title: List of trees of Canada


text:
Populus sect. Populus

Populus section Populus, of the Populus (poplar) genus, includes the aspen trees and the white poplar Populus alba. The five typical aspens are all native to cold regions with cool summers, in the north of the Northern Hemisphere, extending south at high altitudes in the mountains. The White Poplar, by contrast, is native to warmer regions, with hot, dry summers. These trees are all medium-sized deciduous trees ranging 15 – tall.

All of the species in section Populus typically grow in large clonal colonies derived from a single seedling, and spreading by means of root suckers; new stems in the colony may appear at up to 30–40 metres from the previous trees. Each individual tree can live for 40–150 years above ground, but the root system of the colony is long-lived, sending up new trunks as the older trunks die off above ground, spreading about a metre per year, sometimes eventually covering many hectares. They are able to survive forest fires because the roots are below the heat of the fire, and new sprouts can grow from the roots. One colony of American aspen (P. tremuloides) in Utah, given the nickname of "Pando", has been estimated to be 80,000 years old (disputed), making it possibly the oldest living colony of aspens.

Species
Some of the species in the section are:
 * Populus adenopoda – Chinese aspen (China, south of P. tremula)
 * Populus alba – white poplar (northwest Africa, southern Europe, east to central Asia)
 * Populus davidiana – Korean aspen (Korea)
 * Populus grandidentata – bigtooth aspen (eastern North America, south of P. tremuloides)
 * Populus koreana – Korean poplar (Korea)
 * Populus ningshanica
 * Populus qiongdaoensis
 * Populus rotundifolia
 * Populus sieboldii – Japanese aspen (Japan)
 * Populus simonii – Simon's poplar (Korea)
 * Populus suaveolens – Manchurian poplar (Korea)
 * Populus tomentosa, Chinese white poplar (China)
 * Populus tremula – Eurasian aspen (northern Europe and Asia)
 * Populus tremuloides – American aspen (northern and western North America)
 * Populus wulianensis

Natural hybrids between species in the section include:
 * Populus × canescens: grey poplar, P. alba × P. tremula
 * Populus × hopeiensis: P. davidiana × P. tomentosa
 * Populus × pseudotomentosa: P. adenopoda × P. tomentosa

Ecology
Aspens do not thrive very well in the shade, and it is difficult for aspen seedlings to grow in an already mature aspen stand. Fire indirectly benefits aspen trees, since it allows the saplings to flourish in open sunlight in the burned landscape. Lately, aspens have an increased popularity in forestry, mostly because of their fast growth rate and ability to regenerate from sprouts, making the reforestation after harvesting much cheaper, since no planting or sowing is required.

In contrast with many trees, aspen bark is base-rich, meaning that aspens are important hosts for bryophytes and act as food plants for the larvae of butterfly (Lepidoptera) species—see List of Lepidoptera that feed on poplars.

Young aspen bark is an important seasonal forage for the european hare and other animals in early spring. Aspen is also a tree of choice of the european beaver.

Uses
Aspen wood is white and soft, but fairly strong, and has low flammability. It has a number of uses, notably for making matches and paper where its low flammability makes it safer to use than most other woods. Shredded aspen wood is used for packing and stuffing, sometimes called excelsior (wood wool). It is also a popular animal bedding, since it lacks the phenols associated with pine and juniper, which are thought to cause respiratory system ailments in some animals. Heat-treated aspen is a popular material for the interiors of a sauna. While standing trees sometimes tend to rot from the heart outward, the dry timber weathers very well, becoming silvery-grey and resistant to rotting and warping, and has traditionally been used for rural construction in the northwestern regions of Russia (especially for roofing, in the form of thin slats).

The Ojibwe used the inner bark of the trunk as a poultice, and the Cree ate the inner bark in the spring as a mild purgative.

title: Populus sect. Populus


text:
List of programs broadcast by Fox

The Fox Broadcasting Company is an American commercial free-to-air television network owned and operated by the Fox Corporation.

Though it was officially launched on October 9, 1986, Fox began its official primetime setup on April 5, 1987, with the series Married... with Children and The Tracey Ullman Show airing that night.

Overview
As of October 2012, Fox maintains 19.5 hours of network programming per week. The animated comedy series The Simpsons is one of Fox's most popular shows, becoming the network's first series to rank among the top 30-highest-rated shows of a television season after its original debut, and is the longest running sitcom, as well as animated series, of all time, contributing to the channel's success. According to Lanford Beard of Entertainment Weekly, "The Simpsons have transformed Fox from a small, ignored network into a global network that cannot be ignored. The science fiction television series The X-Files also contributed to the network's success, which led to two spin-offs Millennium and The Lone Gunmen. Fox began airing in high-definition on September 12, 2004, with a series of National Football League (NFL) American football games. Fox had a programming block for children titled Fox Kids, which ran from September 8, 1990 to September 7, 2002.

Unlike the "three larger networks", which aired primetime programming from 8 to 11 p.m. (EST) Mondays to Saturdays and 7 to 11 p.m. (EST) Sundays, Fox has traditionally avoided programming in the 10 p.m. (EST) time interval, leaving that hour to affiliates to program locally (primarily with local newscasts).

On April 21, 2012, Fox celebrated its 25th-anniversary, with a two-hour television special featuring people related to Fox and its shows. It presented Fox's programs 24, American Idol, Cops, Family Guy, Married... with Children, The Simpsons, and The X-Files, among other programs. The network's adult cartoons are listed under the Animation Domination banner, which is a Sunday night programming block. Fox is a full member of the North American Broadcasters Association (NABA) and the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB).

Drama

 * 9-1-1: Lone Star (2020)
 * The Cleaning Lady (2022)
 * Alert: Missing Persons Unit (2023)

Comedy

 * Animal Control (2023)

Anthology

 * Accused (2023)

Animation

 * The Simpsons (1989)
 * Family Guy (1999–2002; 2005)
 * Bob's Burgers (2011)
 * The Great North (2021)
 * Krapopolis (2023)
 * Grimsburg (2024)

Reality/unscripted

 * America's Most Wanted (1988–2011; 2021)
 * Hell's Kitchen (2005)
 * So You Think You Can Dance (2005)
 * Kitchen Nightmares (2007–14; 2023)
 * MasterChef (2010)
 * MasterChef Junior (2013)
 * The Masked Singer (2019)
 * Lego Masters (2020)
 * Crime Scene Kitchen (2021)
 * Next Level Chef (2022)
 * Special Forces: World's Toughest Test (2023)
 * Farmer Wants a Wife (2023; moved from The CW)
 * Gordon Ramsay's Food Stars (2023)
 * Stars on Mars (2023)

Docuseries

 * TMZ Investigates (2020)

Game shows

 * Don't Forget the Lyrics! (2007–09; 2022)
 * Beat Shazam (2017)
 * I Can See Your Voice (2020)
 * Name That Tune (2021)
 * Snake Oil (2023)
 * The Floor (2024)
 * We Are Family (2024)
 * The Quiz with Balls (2024)
 * The 1% Club (2024)

Awards shows

 * iHeartRadio Music Awards (2019)

News

 * Fox News Sunday (1996)

Saturday mornings

 * Awesome Planet (2014)
 * Outer Space (2014)
 * DIY Sci (2016)
 * Life 2.0 (2019)
 * Sci Q (2021)
 * Second Chance Pets (2021)

Sports

 * Fox College Football, which includes:
 * The Big Ten Championship Game
 * Saturday Game(s) of the Week (featuring the Pac-12 and Big 12 conferences)
 * The Pac-12 Championship Game (even numbered years)
 * Fox College Hoops, which includes:
 * Big East, Big Ten, and Pac-12 regular season games
 * The Big East Men's Basketball Championship
 * The Pac-12 Men's Basketball Championship (even numbered years)
 * MLB on Fox, which includes:
 * Baseball Night in America
 * The All Star Game
 * The American League Championship Series (ALCS) (odd numbered years - shared with FS1)
 * The National League Championship Series (NLCS) (even numbered years - shared with FS1)
 * The World Series
 * NASCAR on Fox (shared with FS1), which includes:
 * The Daytona 500
 * The GEICO 500
 * The Coca-Cola 600
 * Numerous other races (either on Friday & Saturday nights or Saturday & Sunday afternoons)
 * NFL on Fox, which includes:
 * Fox NFL Sunday
 * The OT
 * NFC games (and interconference games when the NFC team is the road team)
 * The NFC Championship Game
 * The Super Bowl (every four years)
 * Fox Soccer, which includes:
 * UEFA European Championship (once every four years)
 * FIFA World Cup (once every four years)
 * Boxing on Fox
 * PBA on Fox
 * UFL (2024)

Pro Wrestling

 * WWE SmackDown (2019; moved from USA Network)

Drama

 * Rescue: HI-Surf (September 22, 2024)
 * Murder in a Small Town (September 24, 2024)
 * Doc (2024–25 season)

Comedy

 * Going Dutch (2024–25 season)

Animation

 * Universal Basic Guys (September 8, 2024)

Reality/non-scripted

 * Extracted (2024–25 season)

Sports
<!--
 * IndyCar on FOX (2024–25 season)

Drama

 * Baywatch

Animation

 * Bedrock

Drama

 * 13 Songs
 * Archie & Pete
 * Billionaire Class
 * The Bomb Maker
 * Borrowed Time
 * End of Watch
 * Except You
 * Hell or High Water
 * Jenny Is a Weapon
 * The Miracle Department
 * Proof
 * Starsky & Hutch
 * Untitled undercover FBI drama series
 * Untitled Port Authority drama series
 * White House Doctor

Comedy

 * 10% Happier
 * Buffalo Tens
 * Cindy Snow
 * Dicks
 * El Patio
 * Get Buckets
 * Guards
 * Guys We F****d
 * I Gotta Ask My Wife
 * No. 1 Supreme Citizen of America
 * Remix
 * Rock Camp
 * Untitled Jermaine Fowler project
 * Untitled Michelle Nader project

Game shows

 * Fame or Fortune

Animation

 * Bloom County
 * Clue
 * Daddy Issues
 * Elfquest
 * HAVOC!
 * His Majesty's Dragon
 * The Movers
 * Taskmasters
 * Zoo P.D.

Reality/non-scripted

 * The Talent Test

Drama
• 21 Jump Street (1987–90)

• Werewolf (1987–88)

• Dirty Dozen: The Series (1988)

• Alien Nation (1989–90)

• Booker (1989–90)

• The Outsiders (1990)

• Glory Days (1990)

• DEA (1990)

• Against the Law (1990–91)

• Beverly Hills, 90210 (1990–2000)

• Melrose Place (1992–99)

• The Heights (1992)

• Likely Suspects (1992–93)

• Class of '96 (1993)

• Key West (1993)

• The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr. (1993–94)

• The X-Files (1993–2002; 2016–2018)

• South Central (1994)

• Models Inc. (1994–95)

• M.A.N.T.I.S. (1994)

• Fortune Hunter (1994)

• New York Undercover (1994–98)

• Party of Five (1994–2000)

• The Great Defender (1995)

• VR.5 (1995)

• Medicine Ball (1995)

• Sliders (1995–98)

• Strange Luck (1995–96)

• Space: Above and Beyond (1995–96)

• Kindred: The Embraced (1996)

• Profit (1996)

• L.A. Firefighters (1996)

• Millennium (1996–99)

• Lawless (1997)

• Pacific Palisades (1997)

• Roar (1997)

• Ally McBeal (1997–2002)

• 413 Hope St. (1997–98)

• The Visitor (1997–98)

• Significant Others (1998)

• Brimstone (1998–99)

• Get Real (1999–2000)

• Harsh Realm (1999–2000)

• Ryan Caulfield: Year One (1999)

• Time of Your Life (1999–2000)

• Opposite Sex (2000)

• Dark Angel (2000–02)

• FreakyLinks (2000–01)

• Boston Public (2000–04)

• The Street (2000)

• The Lone Gunmen (2001)

• Pasadena (2001)

• 24 (2001–10; 2014)

• The American Embassy (2002)

• Fastlane (2002–03)

• Firefly (2002)

• John Doe (2002–03)

• Girls Club (2002)

• Keen Eddie (2003–04)

• The O.C. (2003–07)

• Skin (2003)

• Tru Calling (2003–05)

• Wonderfalls (2004)

• The Jury (2004)

• North Shore (2004–05)

• House (2004–12)

• Jonny Zero (2005)

• Point Pleasant (2005)

• The Inside (2005)

• Reunion (2005)

• Prison Break (2005–09; 2017)

• Bones (2005–17)

• Head Cases (2005)

• Killer Instinct (2005)

• Vanished (2006)

• Justice (2006–07)

• Standoff (2006–07)

• The Wedding Bells (2007)

• Drive (2007)

• K-Ville (2007)

• Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles (2008–09)

• New Amsterdam (2008)

• Canterbury's Law (2008)

• Fringe (2008–13)

• Lie to Me (2009–11)

• Dollhouse (2009–10)

• Glee (2009–15)

• Mental (2009)

• Human Target (2010–11)

• Past Life (2010)

• The Good Guys (2010)

• Lone Star (2010)

• The Chicago Code (2011)

• Terra Nova (2011)

• The Finder (2012)

• Alcatraz (2012)

• Touch (2012–13)

• The Mob Doctor (2012–13)

• The Following (2013–15)

• Sleepy Hollow (2013–17)

• Almost Human (2013–14)

• Rake (2014)

• Gang Related (2014)

• Red Band Society (2014–15)

• Gotham (2014–19)

• Gracepoint (2014)

• Empire (2015–20)

• Backstrom (2015)

• Wayward Pines (2015–16)

• Minority Report (2015)

• Scream Queens (2015–16)

• Rosewood (2015–17)

• Second Chance (2016)

• Lucifer (2016–18; moved to Netflix)

• Houdini & Doyle (2016)

• Lethal Weapon (2016–19)

• Pitch (2016)

• The Exorcist (2016–17)

• Star (2016–19)

• 24: Legacy (2017)

• APB (2017)

• The Orville (2017–19; moved to Hulu)

• The Gifted (2017–19)

• 9-1-1 (2018–23; moved to ABC)

• The Resident (2018–23)

• The Passage (2019)

• Proven Innocent (2019)

• BH90210 (2019)

• Almost Family (2019–20)

• Prodigal Son (2019–21)

• Deputy (2020)

• Filthy Rich (2020)

• Next (2020)

• Fantasy Island (2021–23)

• The Big Leap (2021)

• Our Kind of People (2021–22)

• Monarch (2022)

Comedy
• Married... with Children (1987–97)

• Duet (1987–89)

• Down and Out in Beverly Hills (1987)

• Mr. President (1987–88)

• Karen's Song (1987)

• The New Adventures of Beans Baxter (1987)

• Second Chance (aka Boys Will Be Boys) (1987–88)

• Women in Prison (1987)

• Open House (1989–90)

• Molloy (1990)

• Parker Lewis Can't Lose (1990–93)

• True Colors (1990–92)

• Babes (1990–91)

• Get a Life (1990–92)

• Good Grief (1990–91)

• Top of the Heap (1991)

• Roc (1991–94)

• Herman's Head (1991–94)

• Charlie Hoover (1991)

• Drexell's Class (1991–92)

• Stand by Your Man (1992)

• Down the Shore (1992–93)

• Vinnie & Bobby (1992)

• Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures (1992)

• Rachel Gunn, R.N. (1992)

• Martin (1992–97)

• Flying Blind (1992–93)

• Woops! (1992)

• Great Scott! (1992)

• Shaky Ground (1992–93)

• Danger Theatre (1993)

• Living Single (1993–98)

• Daddy Dearest (1993)

• Bakersfield P.D. (1993–94)

• The Sinbad Show (1993–94)

• Monty (1994)

• The George Carlin Show (1994–95)

• Hardball (1994)

• Wild Oats (1994)

• Get Smart (1995)

• My Wildest Dreams (1995)

• The Crew (1995–96)

• The Preston Episodes (1995)

• Ned and Stacey (1995–97)

• Partners (1995–96)

• Misery Loves Company (1995)

• Too Something (1995–96)

• Local Heroes (1996)

• The Last Frontier (1996)

• Lush Life (1996)

• Party Girl (1996)

• Love and Marriage (1996)

• The Show (1996)

• Pauly (1997)

• Between Brothers (1997–98; moved to UPN)

• Ask Harriet (1998)

• Damon (1998)

• Getting Personal (1998)

• Holding the Baby (1998)

• That '70s Show (1998–2006)

• Living in Captivity (1998)

• Costello (1998)

• Action (1999; moved to American Network)

• Ally (1999; moved to American Network)

• Malcolm in the Middle (2000–06)

• Titus (2000–02)

• Normal, Ohio (2000)

• Grounded for Life (2001–02; moved to The WB)

• Undeclared (2001–02)

• The Tick (2001–02)

• The Bernie Mac Show (2001–06)

• That '80s Show (2002)

• Andy Richter Controls the Universe (2002–03)

• Greg the Bunny (2002)

• Oliver Beene (2003–04)

• Wanda at Large (2003)

• The Pitts (2003)

• Luis (2003)

• A Minute with Stan Hooper (2003)

• Arrested Development (2003–06; moved to Netflix in 2013)

• Cracking Up (2004)

• Method & Red (2004)

• Quintuplets (2004–05)

• Life on a Stick (2005)

• Stacked (2005–06)

• Kitchen Confidential (2005)

• The War at Home (2005–07)

• Free Ride (2006)

• The Loop (2006–07)

• Happy Hour (2006)

• 'Til Death (2006–10)

• The Winner (2007)

• Back to You (2007–08)

• Unhitched (2008)

• The Return of Jezebel James (2008)

• Do Not Disturb (2008)

• Brothers (2009)

• Sons of Tucson (2010)

• Raising Hope (2010–14)

• Running Wilde (2010)

• Traffic Light (2011)

• Breaking In (2011–12)

• I Hate My Teenage Daughter (2011–12)

• New Girl (2011–18)

• Ben and Kate (2012–13)

• The Mindy Project (2012–15; moved to Hulu)

• Brooklyn Nine-Nine (2013–18; moved to NBC)

• Dads (2013–14)

• The Goodwin Games (2013)

• Enlisted (2014)

• Surviving Jack (2014)

• Mulaney (2014–15)

• The Last Man on Earth (2015–18)

• Weird Loners (2015)

• Grandfathered (2015–16)

• The Grinder (2015–16)

• Cooper Barrett's Guide to Surviving Life (2016)

• Son of Zorn (2016–17)

• The Mick (2017–18)

• Making History (2017)

• Ghosted (2017–18)

• LA to Vegas (2018)

• Last Man Standing (2018–21; moved from ABC)

• Rel (2018–19)

• The Cool Kids (2018–19)

• The Moodys (2019–21)

• Outmatched (2020)

• Call Me Kat (2021–23)

• Pivoting (2022)

• Welcome to Flatch (2022–23)

Miniseries

 * Love and Betrayal: The Mia Farrow Story (1995)
 * The Invaders (1995)
 * Shots Fired (2017)

Anthology

 * TriBeCa (1993)
 * Beyond Belief: Fact or Fiction (1997–2002)
 * Night Visions (2001)

Animation

 * The Critic (1995; first season aired on ABC)
 * King of the Hill (1997–2009; four episodes produced for season 13 were syndicated in 2010)
 * The PJs (1999–2000; moved to The WB)
 * Futurama (1999–2003; moved to Comedy Central, then Hulu)
 * American Dad! (2005–14; moved to TBS)
 * Sit Down, Shut Up (2009; based on the Australian series of the same name)
 * The Cleveland Show (2009–13)
 * Allen Gregory (2011)
 * Napoleon Dynamite (2012)
 * Axe Cop (2013–2014; moved to FXX)
 * High School USA! (2013)
 * Golan the Insatiable (2013–15)
 * Lucas Bros. Moving Co. (2013–2014; moved to FXX)
 * Bordertown (2016)
 * Bless the Harts (2019–21)
 * Duncanville (2020–22; moved to Hulu for a shortened fourth and final season)
 * HouseBroken (2021–23)

Children's programming
• Action Man (2000–02)

• The Adrenaline Project (2007–08)

• The Adventures of Dynamo Duck (1992–94)

• A.J.'s Time Travelers (1994)

• Alien Racers (2005)

• Alienators: Evolution Continues (2001–02)

• Alvin and the Chipmunks (1992–93; reruns only)

• Angela Anaconda (2000)

• Animaniacs (1993–95; moved to Kids' WB)

• Attack of the Killer Tomatoes (1990–92)

• The Avengers: United They Stand (1999–2000)

• Batman: The Animated Series (1992–95)

• Beast Machines: Transformers (1999–2000)

• Beast Wars: Transformers (1999–2000)

• Beetleborgs Metallix (1997–98)

• Beetlejuice (1991)

• Big Bad Beetleborgs (1996–97)

• Big Guy and Rusty the Boy Robot (1999–01)

• Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures (1990–91)

• Bobby's World (1990–98)

• Bratz (2005–07)

• Budgie the Little Helicopter (1995–96)

• C Bear and Jamal (1996–97)

• Chaotic (2006–08)

• The Cramp Twins (2003–06)

• Cubix: Robots for Everyone (2003–04)

• Cybersix (1999)

• Cyberchase (2002–08)

• Defenders of Dynatron City (1992)

• Di-Gata Defenders (2007–08)

• Digimon Adventure (1999–2000)

• Digimon Adventure 02 (2000–01)

• Digimon Tamers (2001–02)

• Dinosaur King (2007–08)

• Dinozaurs (2000)

• Dog City (1992–95)

• Donkey Kong Country (1998–99)

• Droopy, Master Detective (1993–94)

• Dungeons & Dragons (2000)

• Eek! The Cat (1992–97)

• Eerie, Indiana (1997)

• Eerie, Indiana: The Other Dimension (1998–99)

• Escaflowne (2000)

• F-Zero: GP Legend (2004–05)

• Fighting Foodons (2002–03)

• Flint the Time Detective (2000–01)

• Fun House (1990–91)

• Funky Cops (2003–08)

• Galidor: Defenders of the Outer Dimension (2002)

• George of the Jungle (1992)

• Ghostwriter (1992)

• G.I. Joe: Sigma 6 (2005–06)

• Godzilla: The Series (1998–2000)

• Goosebumps (1995–98)

• The Incredible Crash Dummies (1993)

• Jim Henson's Animal Show (1994–96)

• Johnson and Friends (1994–96)

• Kirby: Right Back at Ya! (2002–06)

• Kong: The Animated Series (2001)

• Life with Louie (1995–98)

• Little Shop (1991–92)

• Little Dracula (1991)

• Los Luchadores (2001–02)

• Mad Jack the Pirate (1998–99)

• Magic Adventures of Mumfie (1995–96)

• The Magic School Bus (1998–2002)

• Magical DoReMi (2005–06)

• The Magician (1999)

• Masked Rider (1995–96; moved to syndication)

• Medabots (2001–02)

• Merrie Melodies Starring Bugs Bunny and Friends (1991–94)

• Mew Mew Power (2005–06)

• Mighty Morphin Alien Rangers (1996; Miniseries)

• Mighty Morphin Power Rangers (1993–95)

• Mighty Mouse: The New Adventures (1992)

• Mon Colle Knights (2001–02)

• Moolah Beach (2001)

• Monster Rancher (1999–2002)

• Mowgli: The New Adventures of the Jungle Book (1998)

• The Mr. Potato Head Show (1998–99)

• Muppet Babies (1991–92; reruns only)

• Mystic Knights of Tir Na Nog (1998–99)

• NASCAR Racers (1999–2001)

• Ned's Newt (1998–99)

• The New Woody Woodpecker Show (1999–02)

• Ninja Turtles: The Next Mutation (1997–98)

• Oggy and the Cockroaches (1998–99)

• One Piece (2004–06)

• Peter Pan and the Pirates (1990–91)

• Piggsburg Pigs! (1990–91)

• Pirate Islands (2004)

• The Plucky Duck Show (1992–93)

• Power Rangers in Space (1998)

• Power Rangers Lightspeed Rescue (2000)

• Power Rangers Lost Galaxy (1999)

• Power Rangers Time Force (2001)

• Power Rangers Turbo (1997)

• Power Rangers Wild Force (2002; moved to ABC Kids)

• Power Rangers Zeo (1996)

• Red Planet (1994)

• The Ripping Friends (2001–02)

• Roswell Conspiracies: Aliens, Myths and Legends (2001)

• Round the Twist (1997)

• Sam & Max: Freelance Police!!! (1997–98)

• The Secret Files of the Spy Dogs (1998–99)

• Shaman King (2003–05)

• Sherlock Holmes in the 22nd Century (1999–2000)

• Silver Surfer (1998)

• Solarman (1992–93)

• Sonic X (2003–06)

• Space Goofs (1997–99)

• Spider-Man (1994–98)

• Spider-Man Unlimited (1999–2001)

• The Spooktacular New Adventures of Casper (1996–98)

• Stargate Infinity (2002–03)

• Stickin' Around (1997–98)

• Super Dave: Daredevil for Hire (1992–93)

• Swamp Thing (1991–92)

• Taz-Mania (1991–95)

• Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2003–07; moved to The CW)

• The Tick (1994–96)

• Thunderbirds (1994)

• Tiny Toon Adventures (1992–95)

• Tom & Jerry Kids (1990–93)

• Toonsylvania (1998–99)

• Transformers: Robots in Disguise (2001–02)

• Ultraman Tiga (2002–03)

• Ultimate Muscle (2002–04)

• Viva Piñata (2006–08)

• Where on Earth Is Carmen Sandiego? (1994–98)

• Winx Club (2004–08)

• WMAC Masters (2003)

• X-Men (1992–97)

• Xuxa (1993)

• Xyber 9: New Dawn (1999)

• Young Hercules (1998-99)

• Yu-Gi-Oh! (2006–07)

• Yu-Gi-Oh! GX (2007–08)

• Zazoo U (1990–91)

Reality/non-scripted
• The Reporters (1988–90)

• Beyond Tomorrow (1988–90)

• Cops (1989–2013; moved to Spike/Paramount Network; currently on Fox Nation)

• Totally Hidden Video (1989–92)

• Best of the Worst (1991–92)

• What's So Funny? (1995)

• The World's Funniest! (1997)

• World's Wildest Police Videos (1998–2002)

• Temptation Island (2001–03)

• Boot Camp (2001)

• Murder in Small Town X (2001)

• Love Cruise (2001)

• American Idol (2002–16; moved to ABC)

• Invasion of the Hidden Cameras (2002)

• 30 Seconds to Fame (2002–03)

• Anything for Love (2003)

• Joe Millionaire (2003; 2022)

• Married by America (2003)

• Mr. Personality (2003)

• American Juniors (2003)

• Paradise Hotel (2003; 2019)

• Totally Outrageous Behavior (2003-04)

• The Simple Life (2003–05)

• Renovate My Family (2004–05)

• The Next Great Champ (2004)

• World's Craziest Videos (2004)

• My Big Fat Obnoxious Fiance (2004)

• The Littlest Groom (2004)

• Forever Eden (2004)

• The Swan (2004)

• Playing It Straight (2004)

• The Casino (2004)

• Trading Spouses (2004–07)

• The Complex: Malibu (2004)

• Nanny 911 (2004–07)

• My Big Fat Obnoxious Boss (2004)

• The Rebel Billionaire: Branson's Quest for the Best (2004)

• Who's Your Daddy? (2005)

• The Princes of Malibu (2005)

• Skating with Celebrities (2006)

• Unan1mous (2006)

• Celebrity Duets (2006)

• On the Lot (2007)

• Anchorwoman (2007)

• Nashville (2007)

• The Next Great American Band (2007)

• More to Love (2009)

• Mobbed (2011–13)

• Buried Treasure (2011)

• The X Factor (2011–13)

• Q'Viva! The Chosen (2012)

• The Choice (2012)

• Hotel Hell (2012–16)

• Does Someone Have to Go? (2013)

• I Wanna Marry "Harry" (2014)

• Utopia (2014)

• World's Funniest (2015)

• Knock Knock Live (2015)

• Home Free (2015–16)

• Superhuman (2016–17)

• American Grit (2016–17)

• Coupled (2016)

• Showtime at the Apollo (2016–17 as a series of specials, 2018 as a regular series)

• My Kitchen Rules (2017)

• Kicking & Screaming (2017)

• You the Jury (2017)

• The F Word (2017)

• The Four: Battle for Stardom (2018)

• Gordon Ramsay's 24 Hours to Hell and Back (2018–20)

• First Responders Live (2019)

• What Just Happened??! with Fred Savage (2019)

• Flirty Dancing (2019–20)

• The Masked Singer: After the Mask (2020)

• Celebrity Watch Party (2020)

• Ultimate Tag (2020)

• Labor of Love (2020)

• The Masked Dancer (2020–21)

• Holmes Family Effect (2021)

• Alter Ego (2021)

• The Real Dirty Dancing (2022)

• Domino Masters (2022)

Docuseries

 * American Chronicles (1990)
 * Yearbook (1991)
 * Sightings (1992–93)
 * Encounters: The Hidden Truth (1994–96)
 * Fox Files (1998)
 * American High (2000)
 * Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey (2014)
 * Phenoms (2018)
 * Cosmos: Possible Worlds (2020; second-run, originally aired on National Geographic)

Game shows

 * Family Double Dare (1988)
 * Big Deal (1996)
 * Guinness World Records Primetime (1998–2001)
 * Greed (1999–2000)
 * It's Your Chance of a Lifetime (2000)
 * The Chamber (2002)
 * The Rich List (2006)
 * My GamesFever (2006–07)
 * Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (2007–09; 2015)
 * The Moment of Truth (2008)
 * Hole in the Wall (2008–09)
 * Million Dollar Money Drop (2010–11)
 * Take Me Out (2012)
 * Riot (2014)
 * Bullseye (2015)
 * Boom! (2015)
 * Love Connection (2017–18)
 * Mental Samurai (2019–21)
 * Spin the Wheel (2019)
 * Game of Talents (2021)
 * Cherries Wild (2021)

Late night

 * The Late Show (1986–87; 1988)
 * The Wilton North Report (1987–88)
 * The Chevy Chase Show (1993)
 * House of Buggin' (1995)
 * MADtv (1995–2009)
 * Saturday Night Special (1996)
 * Talkshow with Spike Feresten (2006–09)
 * The Wanda Sykes Show (2009–10)
 * Party Over Here (2016)

News

 * Front Page (1993)
 * Fox After Breakfast (1996)
 * The Pulse (2002-03)
 * The Huckabee Show (2010)

Sports

 * NHL on Fox (1995–99)
 * Barclays Premier League (1999-2013)
 * Cotton Bowl Classic (1999–2014)
 * Celebrity Boxing (2002)
 * Man vs. Beast (2003–04)
 * Formula One Racing (2007–12)
 * UFC on Fox (2011–18)
 * Thursday Night Football (2018–21; moved to Amazon Prime Video)
 * XFL (2020)
 * Major League Soccer (2003–11; 2015–22)

Pro Wrestling

 * WWE Saturday Night's Main Event (1992)
 * WWE Tribute to the Troops (2020-2023)

Variety

 * The Tracey Ullman Show (1987–90)
 * Comic Strip Live (1989–94)
 * In Living Color (1990–94)
 * Haywire (1990–91)
 * The Sunday Comics (1991)
 * The Edge (1992–93)
 * The Ben Stiller Show (1992–93)
 * Townsend Television (1993)
 * Meet the Marks (2002)
 * Cedric the Entertainer Presents (2002–03)
 * Stupid Behavior Caught on Tape (2003)
 * Banzai! (2003-04)
 * Kelsey Grammer Presents: The Sketch Show (2005)
 * Osbournes Reloaded (2009)
 * In the Flow with Affion Crockett (2011)
 * Let's Be Real (2021)

Specials

 * Billboard Music Awards (1990-2006)
 * Springfield's Most Wanted (1995)
 * Alien Nation: Millennium (1996)
 * Nick Fury: Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. (1998)
 * Teen Choice Awards (1999–2019)
 * The Night of the Headless Horseman (1999)
 * Olive, the Other Reindeer (1999)
 * Surprise Wedding (2000)
 * Who Wants to Marry a Multi-Millionaire? (2000)
 * Surprise Wedding 2 (2001)
 * Baywatch: Hawaiian Wedding (2003)
 * Celebrity Spelling Bee (2004)
 * Fox News Specials (2004-08)
 * 24: Redemption (2008)
 * Laugh It Up, Fuzzball: The Family Guy Trilogy (2007–10)
 * The Simpsons 20th Anniversary Special – In 3-D! On Ice! (2010)
 * Night of the Hurricane (2011)
 * Ice Age: A Mammoth Christmas (2011)
 * Ice Age: The Great Egg-Scapade (2016)
 * Miss Universe (2015–19; 2021)
 * Miss USA (2015–19)

General

 * McNeil, Alex (1996). Total Television (4th ed). New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-024916-8.
 * Brooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle (2007). The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows (9th ed.). New York: Ballantine. ISBN 0-345-31864-1.

title: List of programs broadcast by Fox


text:
List of programs broadcast by UPN

The following is a list of programs broadcast by UPN. Some programs were carried over to The CW, a network formed through a partnership between WB parent company Time Warner and UPN corporate parent CBS Corporation, in September 2006 following the closure of The WB. Titles are listed in alphabetical order followed by the year of debut in parentheses.

Drama
• All Souls (2001)

• The Beat (2000)

• Buffy the Vampire Slayer (2001–03)

• The Burning Zone (1996–97)

• Deadly Games (1995)

• Freedom (2000)

• Haunted (2002)

• Jake 2.0 (2003–04)

• Kevin Hill (2004–05)

• Legacy (1998–99)

• Legend (1995)

• Level 9 (2000–01)

• Live Shot (1995)

• Love Boat: The Next Wave (1998–99)

• Marker (1995)

• Mercy Point (1998–99)

• Nowhere Man (1995–96)

• Platinum (2003)

• Power Play (1999)

• Roswell (2001–02)

• Secret Agent Man (2000)

• The Sentinel (1996–99)

• Seven Days (1998–2001)

• Sex, Love & Secrets (2005)

• South Beach (2006)

• Special Unit 2 (2001–02)

• Star Trek: Enterprise (2001–05)

• Star Trek: Voyager (1995–2001)

• The Strip (1999–2000)

• Swift Justice (1996)

• The Twilight Zone (2002–03)

• Veronica Mars (2004–06)

• The Watcher (1995)

Comedy
• Abby (2003)

• All of Us (2003–06)

• As If (2002)

• The Bad Girl's Guide (2005)

• Between Brothers (1999)

• Breaker High (1997–98)

• Clueless (1997–99)

• Cuts (2005–06)

• DiResta (1998–99)

• Eve (2003–06)

• Everybody Hates Chris (2005–06)

• Family Rules (1999)

• Girlfriends (2000–06)

• Good News (1997–98)

• Goode Behavior (1996–97)

• Grown Ups (1999–2000)

• Guys Like Us (1998)

• Half & Half (2002–06)

• Head Over Heels (1997–98)

• Hitz (1997–98)

• Homeboys in Outer Space (1996–97)

• The Hughleys (2000–02)

• In the House (1996–99)

• Love, Inc. (2005–06)

• Malcolm & Eddie (1996–2000)

• Minor Adjustments (1996)

• Moesha (1996–2001)

• The Mullets (2003–04)

• One on One (2001–06)

• The Parkers (1999–2004)

• Pig Sty (1995)

• Platypus Man (1995)

• The Random Years (2002)

• Reunited (1998)

• Rock Me Baby (2003–04)

• Second Time Around (2004–2005)

• The Secret Diary of Desmond Pfeiffer (1998)

• Shasta McNasty (1999–2000)

• Social Studies (1996–97)

• Sparks (1996–98)

Adult animation

 * Dilbert (1999–2000)
 * Game Over (2004)
 * Gary & Mike (2001)
 * Home Movies (1999; moved to Adult Swim)

Reality/unscripted
• America's Greatest Pets (1998)

• America's Next Top Model (2003–06)

• Amish in the City (2004)

• Britney and Kevin: Chaotic (2005)

• Chains of Love (2001)

• Dance 360 (2004–05)

• Get This Party Started (2006)

• I Dare You: The Ultimate Challenge (2000)

• Iron Chef USA (2001)

• Manhunt (2001)

• The Paranormal Borderline (1996)

• The Player (2004)

• R U the Girl (2005)

• The Road to Stardom with Missy Elliott (2005)

• Under One Roof (2002)

• WWF/E Smackdown! (1999–2006)

• XFL (2001)

UPN Kids (originals)

 * Breaker High (1997–98)
 * Bureau of Alien Detectors (1996–97)
 * Jumanji (1996–98)
 * Sweet Valley High (1997–98)
 * The Incredible Hulk (1996–99)

UPN Kids (acquired)

 * Beetleborgs (1998–99)
 * Fantastic Four (1998–99)
 * Iron Man (1998–99)
 * The Mouse and the Monster (1996–97)
 * Space Strikers (1995–96)
 * Spider-Man (1998–99)
 * Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends (1998–99)
 * Teknoman (1995–96)
 * X-Men (1998–99)

Disney's One Too (originals)

 * Buzz Lightyear of Star Command (2000–03)
 * Digimon (season 4) (2002–03)
 * Sabrina: The Animated Series (1999–2002)
 * The Legend of Tarzan (2001–03)

Disney's One Too (acquired)

 * Digimon (season 3) (2002)
 * Disney's Doug (1999–2001)
 * Hercules (1999–2000)
 * Pepper Ann (2000–01)
 * Recess (1999–2003)
 * The Weekenders (2001–02)

title: List of programs broadcast by UPN


text:
Talk:Russian submarine Kursk (K-141)

K-148 redirect
Why does Russian submarine K-148 redirect to the Kursk article? Unless there's some weird story behind http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Russian_submarine_K-141_Kursk&action=edit&section=1#(194.78.170.201 (talk) 16:41, 22 July 2011 (UTC))

Second explosion?
According to a recent documentary, the second explosion had a yield much greater than a single torpedo can produce. The implication was that all torpedoes in the forward compartmnet blew at about the same time. Can anyone confirm? JDG 20:42 Jan 18, 2003 (UTC)

 * I have recently obtained a copy of Robert Moore's "A Time to Die" which confirms this, and that the second explosion probably occured as it hit the bottom of the sea. I want to expand this article once I have finished reading the book! Pcb21| Pete 21:10, 23 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Spliting
Once I get the time, and the folks to do it, I want to split the article into two. this sub stinks compared to us subs.

 * Well seems like you are in the middle of things at the moment so it is hard to comment. But, why do you want split this? Pcb21| Pete 07:51, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I wanted to have one article about the ship itself, while have a second article about the accident. The later seemed to dwarf the main section about the ship. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 17:18, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't think that's a problem at all. 99 out of a hundred wanting to read about the Kursk will wanting to mainly read about the end of the Kursk. I am not sure I see gain by making them click one more time. Pcb21| Pete 22:49, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok. What we can do is condense the accident section into one or two paragraphs here, then have the accident article there in its full entirity. Zscout370 (Sound Off) 23:02, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Largest ?
This article:"At 155 metres in length, and four storeys high, it was the largest attack submarine ever built. " What about Typhoon class submarine ? Not an attack submarine ? Kummi 21:56, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Nope, not an attack sub. "Typhoons" (Akulas to the Russians) are ballistic missile submarines (Podvodnaya Lodka Atomnaya Raketnaya Ballistecheskaya — PLARBs — to the Russians) . ➥the Epopt 22:28, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Oscar class subs are not attack subs either they are SSGNs, so neither is the biggest.Noha307 19:19, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Typhoons are ballistic missile submarines but isn't it true that the Serverodvinsk Typhoon subs were used to down an enemy cruise ship in a search and destroy mission in 1989? 15, November, 2006, 18:54

 * Odd claim here. "but isn't it true that the Serverodvinsk Typhoon subs were used to down an enemy cruise ship in a search and destroy mission in 1989?" What 'enemy' cruise ship was sunk by the Russian Navy in 1989? What 'enemy' country was Russia at war with in 1989?Seki1949 (talk) 02:45, 14 September 2011 (UTC)

 * Let's get this straight. The Kursk was a Oscar II-class (American term; in Russia it is a Project 949, or Antey-class) strategic missile carrier, or SSBN (again, an American deaignation). It is 155 meters long, the largest submarine at the time of it's launch; the Ohio class 170 meters.  The Russian Akula [shark]-class is the NATO Typhoon-class; NATO confuses the nomenclature by using the name "Akula" for the Russian Project 971 Shchuka-B class attack submarines.  The Typhoon is bigger than the Ohio because the missiles it carries, the R-39, is older and twice as massive as the Trident, and the submarine is sized accordingly.  The Typhoon was designed specifically to match the Ohio.  At this point, the Ohio out-missiles the Oscar-II, Typhoon and the currently in-design Borei-class SSBNs.
 * No, the Kursk was not an SSBN. It was an SSGN.

 * SSBN are ballistic missile subs, SSGN are cruise missile subs. Attack submarines are not missile subs; their offensive weapons are torpedoes exclusively. They are desigbned to sink other subs abd surface ships. An SSBN is not designed to engage militarily; their entire reason for existence is strategic offensive arms.  I doubt very much their being active in any minor, or even major, surface action. Their orders are usually to avoid notice of any kind.  SkoreKeep (talk) 03:38, 23 March 2014 (UTC)
 * Incorrect. Western attack class submarines carry both torpedos and missiles.  Missiles can be fired from the torpedo tubes (depending on the weaponry) or missile tubes forward of the sail, on US subs they would be cruise missiles.

Move to Russian submarine K-141 Kursk

 * rename to Russian submarine K-141 Kursk

Support

 * 1) Note that I didn't propose this. However it does seems logical given the contents of the Russian Navy Submarines and Soviet Navy Submarines categories. Support. Megapixie 06:51, 17 August 2005 (UTC)
 * 2) Support - I nominated this, sorry about forgetting this step. 132.205.3.20 19:19, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Comments
To me all the "Russian/Soviet submarine..." article titles seem overly disambiguated. I'd suggest something more like Kursk (K-141). It's simpler and more consistent with other navy's submarine articles (note the two in the see also section). Niteowlneils 22:51, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Given the large number of Russian/Soviet submarines that don't have names (or at least names that our publically known) - We are going to end up with half the submarines named like Kursk (K-141) and half named Soviet submarine K-142 - since K-142 or (K-142) is a bit messy. What I'd really like is to get rid of the Russian/Soviet split in the names. Megapixie 07:02, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Why not call this article RFS K-141 Kursk, and submarines without names "RFS [number]"? RFS = Russian Federation Ship  kallemax 18:38, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

This article has been renamed after the result of a move request. Dragons flight 06:33, August 22, 2005 (UTC)

metric and imperial measurements
"The outer hull, made of high-nickel high-chrome content steel just 8.5mm thick, had exceptionally good resistance to corrosion and a weak magnetic signature which helped prevent detection by Magnetic Anomaly Detection (MAD) systems. There was a two-metre gap to the two-inch-thick steel inner hull."

two-metre...... two-inch

Imperial measurements are on the way out. The article has non-continuum of standard measurement usage [GR]

 * I would endorse a reasonable policy of using the measurement system of the ship's manufacturer. If the builder used the English system - use feet and inches, if the metric system - use meters, centimeters, or millimeters.  I'm sure that most really interested readers could do the conversions if they desired.Федоров (talk) 06:16, 21 July 2009 (UTC)

Net loss
When the Kursk was sailing in the Mediterranean Sea, it could not be tracked by NATO and there was a lot of anxiety about what it could be up to. However, it was accidentally caught in netting by a fishing boat and the big sub towed the small ship for several hours before surfacing and exchanging nasty words between the two vessels. Afterwards, the US Navy awarded a "Catch of the Year" plaque to the fishing ship. That's what I read. Someone should find the details and include it in the article, because it is such a funny story. 195.70.32.136 11:05, 26 March 2006 (UTC)
 * This is not possible. Such tow would sink fishing boat, so her skipper would rather cut the net, than let sink the entire ship. Matrek (talk) 08:56, 14 March 2019 (UTC)

Possible reasons for sinking
Video footage has since come to light from the norweigan rescue vehicles showing a circular inwards hole to the rear of the Kursks forward torpedo area. Indeed additional photography once the kursk was risen also shows this near perfect circular inwards directed hole which appears to be around the diameter of a current western torpedo.

A suggestion has been made that the Kursk was testing a supercavitation torpedo and was being watched by at least two US submarines. These suggestions go on to say that upon launching the supercavitation torpedo the commander of one of the US submarines launched their own torpedo which caused the initial explosion (the suggestion is that the US commander felt the 2nd US sub was under fire as a result of the test torpedo). The suggestion continues that the US torpedo breached the Kursk's hull and caused shortly afterwards the explosion of Russian torpedoes. This hypothesis fits with the facts as known. This would also lend credence to the Russians refusal to allow initial western rescue attempts of their vessel (the Kursk may have been attacked by a Western vessel). It would also explain why the front portion of the Kursk -which would contain supercavitation torpedoes, was not raised by the Norwegian salvage team (concern with the West obtaining sensitive Soviet military technology.)

It is also a fact that some months after the Kursk sank the US gave Russia approximately 10 billion dollars of US aid. It is worth noting that Russia had not approached the World Bank for this money prior to the loss of the Kursk but that it was supplied, almost without asking, once the Kursk was lost.

A lot of this information was precised in Jean-Michel Carre's documentary entitled 'Kursk: A Submarine in Troubled Waters'. The video footage of the kursk both underwater and once salvaged gives some credence to the suggestion that the Kursk was sank by torpedo. For this reason I believe there should be a comment saying that there is thought that the Kursk may have been sank by a tropedo fired at it.

 * I agree with this (I saw the documentary yesterday). The evidence is too big to ignore, so it should be mentioned in the article. --Pierre Vis 12:39, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

It's also worth noting that an emergency beacon from the USS Toledo was recovered by the Russian Navy in the immediate area shortly after the incident. It's also worth noting a satellite photo was available showing the Toledo docked in Norway with the emergency beacon hatch shrouded and damage to the outer hull.

These rumors have been disproved by multiple sources, so I would not include them... (Ego Felem Amo 05:12, 13 July 2007 (UTC))

Can you send a link to some of those multiple sources, as the ones I've read are as reliable as the movie's claim. If both things are equal, why not post both sides and let users decide? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.123.68.98 (talk) 16:23, 18 November 2008 (UTC)

 * What is truly worth noting is the Russian Procurator General's extraordinarily thorough, detailed, and objective report on the causes of the losss of the KURSK. In that report the attributed direct cause was the explosion of a single torpedo that then led to the detonation of the entire load.  Also, the proximity or direct involvement of any non-Russian submarine was also ruled out.  However, the facts rarely satisfy those who wish to see more elaborate scenarios and possibly conspiracy theories.  At the 40th anniversary of the US moon landing therre are still those who believe that it all took place on MGM's back lot or internal sound stage.Федоров (talk) 06:21, 21 July 2009 (UTC)

 * What really is worth noting is that there exists a clear second line of thought for how and what exactly happened to the Kursk - for the sake of completeness that version should be presented here. Additionally, that the English language version of this wiki entry has no reference to it except here in the discussion while other language versions of the same article all include it in the main entry seems odd to say the least. This has nothing to to do with moon landings and other garbage but actual, verifiable information. There most definitely should be an entry explaining said point of view - it is up to the reader to make of it what they wish, it is not for self-elected wikipedians to exclude information simply because they don't believe it or whatever. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.32.219.13 (talk) 12:21, 13 August 2009 (UTC)

 * This thread, started three years ago, is still waiting for reliable sources for alternate reasons, which explains the lack of inclusion in the article. Hohum (talk) 15:51, 13 August 2009 (UTC)

 * The accident is featured in a Seconds from Disaster episode 'Russia's Nuclear Sub Nightmare' that is on YouTube here:

 * The conclusion is that an HTP practice torpedo of faulty manufacture leaked HTP into the torpedo tube after loading, which then came into contact with rust inside the tube. This caused a violent heating and expansion of gasses which ruptured the torpedo carcass which then ignited the torpedo's fuel. Unfortunately the torpedo tube inner door had not been secured fully and was blown open by the relatively minor fuel explosion. The resultant flash fire in the torpedo compartment quickly consumed all the oxygen killing all the personnel inside. High-temperature gasses, i.e., the flash fire, then traveled along the light-alloy overhead ventilation duct (which inexplicably passed through the watertight bulkheads, the doors to which had been closed for the exercise) and consumed all the oxygen in the forward compartments very rapidly leaving the occupants as far aft as the control room either dead or incapacitated. The torpedo room fire after burning for a short while then caused at least seven of the stored live torpedoes' warheads to explode, this being the second and massive explosion that was detected on seismometers in Norway.

 * Previously, the live (warhead) torpedoes from the same batch as the practice one had all been rejected due to poor welding, the practice ones not being rejected as they were not thought important. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.112.68.219 (talk) 16:29, 14 July 2011 (UTC)

How many nuclear reactors?
In the German and the French article about the Kursk the submarine has two nuclear reactors, in the English it has one. In the article about the type of the Kursk: Oscar class submarine it has two. What is right? -- 80.141.122.181 16:31, 28 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Two is correct per Janes. I'll change it. Good spot. Megapixie 00:29, 29 May 2006 (UTC)

 * More importantly, two is correct per authoritative Russian sources. It is their submarine.Федоров (talk) 06:23, 21 July 2009 (UTC)

Were they going for war?
Would it be possible that these Russians were going for war, why would they carry armed nuclear reactors for the practice session? Munashe Gudu 196.44.177.253 (Talk) 01:32, 21 November 2006 (edit)

 * Nuclear reactors are the nuclear submarine's source of power to drive the vessel. They have nothing to do with nuclear weapons. -Will Beback · † · 08:00, 21 November 2006 (UTC)

This section regarding "armed reactors" should be deleted, due to it being ill informed nonsense. Armed reactors indeed, lol. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.177.116.201 (talk) 05:16, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Once again, knowledge of Russian would help a great deal. The reference to "armed reactors" is a bad translation of what should read "fueled reactors".Федоров (talk) 06:25, 21 July 2009 (UTC)

Sinking Depth
The Kursk sank to a depth of 350 feet, not 85 miles. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 69.43.65.38 (talk) 03:12, 13 December 2006 (UTC).

Unsinkable
The statement about the class being unsinkable due to a double hull sounds inaccurate. People stopped calling ships unsinkable after RMS Titanic, and a double hull doesn't guarantee protection from torpedoes. Anynobody 03:50, 27 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Russian submarine design criteria for double hulled submarines is that the submarine would be capable of being brought to the surface if any one of its multiple, usually about six or seven, watertight compartments were to be flooded. That is the source of the remark that the design is meant to be unsinkable.  Unless a torpedo hit were to hit the bow and cause an explosion such as occurred on the KURSK a single hit would disable the sub but not necessarily sink it.  Under most normal anti-submarine warfare scenarios torpedoes chase down a submarine and are meant to hit it in the stern area.Федоров (talk) 06:30, 21 July 2009 (UTC)

Dimension query
The article says "There was a two-metre gap to the 50.8mm thick steel inner hull." A two metre gap? seems large. With the beam at 18m, that makes 4m of gap left and right. Is this right? What's the reference? peterl 10:11, 15 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Photos reveal the inner hull to be round (cylindrical) whilst the outer was oblate. The gap left and right contained various items of equipment, including cruise missile silos. 213.173.165.130 (talk) 10:59, 13 December 2007 (UTC)

Just a quick comment. On this page there should be something about the movie that was made about the incident. It was called 72 metra (meters in Russian). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.126.130.26 (talk) 23:06, 9 July 2008 (UTC)

Political Motivations for Russian Claim?
"The Russian admiralty at first suggested that most of the crew had died within minutes of the explosion; however, their motivations for making the claim are considered by outside observers as political."

Can someone please clarify these 'political motivations'? I'm not sure I completely understand --SaintDaveUK (talk) 17:03, 9 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Making that claim would have removed any urgency to rescue survivors. As it turned out, the rescue was seen as something of a fiasco, so this suggestion may have seemed like a coverup effort to outsiders.

 * Many claims have been made by many commentators. Most have not been well informed.  Even had the Russian search and rescue effort moved more quickly it was highly unlikely that appropriate rescue assets could have arrived on scene in time to rescue the men trapped in the stern compartment.  With water entering the submarine and their compartment they likely passed out due to increased pressure and oxygen depletion even before the compartment was fully flooded.  Also, increased internal pressure would have made the stern rescue hatch impossible to open until pressure equalized when the compartment was fully flooded and the men in it dead.Федоров (talk) 06:35, 21 July 2009 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the proposal was no consensus for either proposal. Before any of these articles should be moved, it is probably best that (a) (and most importantly) appropriate redirects are set up, as expressed below, so that some other "clear" possibilities point where they should and (b) the project-wide naming conventions and that of the involved WikiProjects "get along". JPG-GR (talk) 20:06, 30 November 2008 (UTC)

I'm proposing that this article and several other Russian and/or Soviet submarine articles be moved to match the naming conventions spelled out at Naming conventions (ships). The articles affected by this proposal, along with the suggested new names, are as follows: As far as the distinction between "Russian" and "Soviet", the suggested names are based upon the article's current name and have no other motivations. All comments are welcome. — Bellhalla (talk) 19:39, 17 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Russian submarine K-141 Kursk → Russian submarine Kursk (K-141)
 * Russian submarine K-239 Carp → Russian submarine Carp (K-239)
 * Russian submarine K-173 Chelyabinsk → Russian submarine Chelyabinsk (K-173)
 * Russian submarine K-414 Daniil Moskovsky → Russian submarine Daniil Moskovsky (K-414)
 * Russian submarine TK-208 Dmitri Donskoi → Russian submarine Dmitri Donskoi (TK-208)
 * Russian submarine K-152 Nerpa → Russian submarine Nerpa (K-152)
 * Russian submarine K-407 Novomoskovsk → Russian submarine Novomoskovsk (K-407)
 * Russian submarine K-336 Pskov → Russian submarine Pskov (K-336)
 * Russian submarine K-456 Vilyuchinsk → Russian submarine Vilyuchinsk (K-456)
 * Russian submarine K-157 Vepr → Russian submarine Vepr (K-157)
 * Russian submarine K-496 Borisoglebsk → Russian submarine Borisoglebsk (K-496)
 * Soviet submarine K-278 Komsomolets → Soviet submarine Komsomolets (K-278)
 * Soviet submarine K-3 Leninsky Komsomol → Soviet submarine Leninsky Komsomol (K-3)
 * In addition to notice at WP:RM, notifications have been posted to WikiProject Ships and to the Maritime warfare and Russian and Soviet military history task forces of WikiProject Military history — Bellhalla (talk) 19:58, 17 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Support - a routine procedure to bring Soviet/Russian submarines into line with our standardised guidelines, and not before time. Benea (talk) 00:25, 18 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Question: By "into line with our standardised guidelines" do you mean our widely followed general Wikipedia standardised guidelines (like WP:NC, WP:COMMONNAME, WP:D, WP:PRIMARYTOPIC and WP:PRECISION), or do you mean the peculiar guidelines used by the ships project that blatantly contradict the widely followed general Wikipedia guidelines? --Born2cycle (talk) 01:56, 27 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Question: Born2cycle, can you assume good faith and trust that those of us with differing views are, in fact, taking a look at the big picture and don't have "blinders" on? Honestly, when I read your constant recitations of Wiki-alphabet soup, I can't help but think of the two-year-old that tries to out-scream her friends. I will assume good faith and view it as a passion you have for your viewpoint, but honestly, we get it: you believe your view is supported by these policies and you've stated your reasons at length below. Badgering everyone by repeating your points ad infinitum is bordering on disruption, and frankly, in my view, lessens any legitimacy your arguments might once have had. — Bellhalla (talk) 06:19, 27 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes, I can assume good faith, and I do, but I have no reason to believe that those who favor niche-specific naming convention that preemptively disambiguate are taking a look at the big picture. And when you don't answer my questions (note that I answer yours), but attack my "badgering" instead, that doesn't help establish that you have the big picture in mind.  The meaning of the main naming conventions and guidelines, which you deride as "Wiki-alphabet soup" (your derision of them makes my point), are as a result steadily eroding.  Recognizing and being concerned with that is looking at the big picture.  I mean, is such erosion what you want?  --Born2cycle (talk) 08:28, 27 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Support - seems routine and un-controversial to me going by the naming conventions. -MBK004 02:32, 18 November 2008 (UTC)
 * To me too, but after reading the naming discussion at WT:SHIPS, it seemed like it might be worth going about a more formal proposal. — Bellhalla (talk) 05:29, 18 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Question: MBK, by "the naming conventions" do you mean the widely followed general Wikipedia naming conventions (like WP:NC, WP:COMMONNAME, WP:D, WP:PRIMARYTOPIC and WP:PRECISION), or do you mean the peculiar conventions used by the ships project that blatantly contradict the widely followed general Wikipedia conventions?  --Born2cycle (talk) 01:56, 27 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Support - though the titles are long, the information is necessary and the presentation is consistent with other vessel groups. Links/redirects from pages like Carp K-239, Carp (disambiguation), and K-239 are recommended.    H aus Talk 13:50, 25 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Question:. How is the "Russian submarine" information in the title necessary?  Necessary to what end?  --Born2cycle (talk) 01:56, 27 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Support. This will follow the protocol of Nationality, Name, Method of disambiguation. The alternative titles can be set as redirects for those searching with other combinations. --Brad (talk) 03:23, 26 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Question: What do you think of following "the protocol of Nationality, Name, Method of disambiguation" when doing so is contrary to following the protocol of WP:NC, WP:COMMONNAME, WP:D and WP:PRECISION? --Born2cycle (talk) 01:56, 27 November 2008 (UTC)

Observation: Picking just one of the more unique names out of the list, Chelyabinsk, I went to that page. It's about the city, the namesake of the submarine. Fair enough, the city rightfully claims WP:PRIMARYTOPIC. But what about the submarine? There is no link to it at Chelyabinsk. And Chelyabinsk (submarine), where by all rights the article about the sub should be, is not even a redirect to the article about the sub. Why is the link and redirect missing? Because the convention for submarines is to preemptively disambiguate per some overly-precise naming scheme, and so editors make sure the articles are at the "right" place based on their convoluted naming formats, but naturally totally overlook the Wikipedia fundamentals (like making sure there is a link at Chelyabinsk and a redirect at Chelyabinsk (submarine). Now that I've pointed out these particular oversights, someone can and probably will fix them, but the big problem remains: because the convention is to preemptively disambiguate the article titles, these types of errors are rampant.  Just say no to preemptive disambiguation, for the good of Wikipedia.   --Born2cycle (talk) 08:43, 27 November 2008 (UTC)
 * You have raised this issue at the naming conventions page. Your proposal to change the guidelines received no support. You have gone back to the practice of citing a long list of guideline pages and claim that WP:Naming conventions (ships) is 'contrary to following the protocol of...', or 'that blatantly contradict the widely followed general Wikipedia guidelines'. This is your opinion. On none of these pages does it indicate that the style used here is to be avoided. For example you have taken that brief line in the opening summary of WP:PRECISION ('where necessary') as a ruling that disambiguation must be cut back to the bare minimum. When I pointed out to you that this was merely your interpretation, you treated me like an idiot, saying 'what part of it had I not understood'. Your attempt to secure this viewpoint in a general discussion did not achieve consensus, one of the final comments being 'Serge does not see the advantage of predictable names, but he is almost alone in this inability'. You have been treated with considerable patience over this. I have tried to resist engaging you in this crusade because you clearly hold such strong views over the issue of disambiguation, but when you continue to recycle your opinions as facts that our poor little niche has been unable to comprehend, and continue to press your point of view of bemoaning our blatant inability to understand why we are all in the wrong, it becomes disruption to push your point of view, no matter how unintentional. Your last lines below - "Mindless naming is not necessarily a bad thing (though I believe it is for a variety of reasons), but that's clearly what this is, isn't it? ... If anyone disagrees, I would like to understand why." - is clearly an indicator that this is your personal opinion, and one that people have been debating with you on this page, on the naming conventions page and on other policy pages about the issue of disambiguation, and you have not been able to accept this. 'Just say no to preemptive disambiguation, for the good of Wikipedia' is your viewpoint, not the project's. When that changes, this issue can be revisited. Otherwise, it's time to draw this to a close. Benea (talk) 10:54, 27 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Benea, at the ships naming conventions talk page you asserted that my proposal was "a solution in search of a problem". I replied by explaining in detail what the problems were that my proposal would be solving, and also addressed every point you made.  You never responded to that, and here you keep posting about my proposal and arguments, but not actually addressing the content of anything I'm saying.  This is not a discussion. And yes, of course this is about personal opinion.  Both sides necessarily are in such discussions about naming.  But the discussions are supposed to be about the reasons that support each opinion, not whining about the other side being an opinion. Of course it is. --Born2cycle (talk) 17:47, 27 November 2008 (UTC)
 * My problem is that you are continuing to belabour us with links to guidelines that you say we are violating. You don't see the need to explain how these guidelines identify our conventions as being wrong, and a search through those guidelines reveals that many of these things are open to interpretation. You have interpreted it, and expressed those opinions on the general guideline page, the specific ship naming conventions page and now here. Other people, myself included, don't agree with your antipathy towards predictable disambiguation, nor do I see why because you think we are not addressing your concept of the big picture, we should be badgered and insulted for it, or that you should at each stage make such opinionated comments such as 'blatantly wrong' and about us having our blinders on over what is your opinion, that does not have consensus. You have expressed your opinion, have the good grace to accept that other people have disagreed, without feeling the need to challenge it at every step. Benea (talk) 18:03, 27 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Benea, I would be happy to agree to disagree, as long as I understand the nature of the disagreement. I do admit that I've been assuming the contradiction is obvious -- it's certainly been recognized in other contexts by many others, Belhalla even came close to acknowledging it here when he wrote, "the very nature of a wiki can allow for what may appear to be contradictory interpretations of policies" -- and that there is no need to spell it out.  I don't understand whether you're saying that preemptive disambiguation doesn't contradict the general guidelines I've been citing, or that you recognize the contradiction, but are okay with it (believing that the advantages of predabbing, at least in this niche, outweigh the disadvantages of contradicting the general guidelines and any problems caused by doing so).  I believe it's the former, but I'm not sure.  Please clarify.  Regardless which is your position, I'm in the dark with respect to the reasons for holding that position.  What are they?  Thanks.  --Born2cycle (talk) 22:09, 27 November 2008 (UTC)

Alternative proposal

 * Neither. This is like choosing between getting a paper cut on the left or right side of the tongue.  Both current and proposed names are horrible.  I suppose Naming conventions (ships) is to blame.  Wikipedia article titles are supposed to convey the most common name of the topic of the article, with additional information for precision only when necessary to disambiguate from other uses of that name (per WP:PRECISION), and even then only when the given topic is not primary usage for the name in question.  Having these article titles prefixed with "Countryname submarine" means the titles are not conveying the name of the article topic. This practice is inconsistent with fundamental Wikipedia naming conventions and guidelines. I would support something which is consistent with Wikipedia general naming guidelines and conventions, like the following.
 * Russian submarine K-141 Kursk → Kursk K-141
 * Russian submarine K-239 Carp → Karp K-239
 * Russian submarine K-173 Chelyabinsk → Chelyabinsk K-173
 * Russian submarine K-414 Daniil Moskovsky → Daniil Moskovskiy K-414
 * Russian submarine TK-208 Dmitry Donskoy → Dmitriy Donskoy TK-208
 * Russian submarine K-152 Nerpa → Nerpa K-152
 * Russian submarine K-407 Novomoskovsk → Novomoskovsk K-407
 * Russian submarine K-336 Pskov → Pskov K-336
 * Russian submarine K-456 Vilyuchinsk → Vilyuchinsk K-456
 * Russian submarine K-157 Vepr → Vepr K-157
 * Russian submarine K-496 Borisoglebsk → Borisoglebsk K-496
 * Soviet submarine K-278 Komsomolets → Komsomolets K-278
 * Soviet submarine K-3 Leninsky Komsomol → Leninskiy Komsomol K-3

 * --Born2cycle (talk) 05:37, 18 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Support, with the proviso that the vessels' designations should be bracketed - as with, for example, USS Chicago (SSN-721) or HMS Victorious (S29). "Russian submarine" is a useless disambiguator, since there's only one Kursk (K-141). -- ChrisO (talk) 10:33, 23 November 2008 (UTC)

 * The disambiguator "(Russian submarine)" is useful, because "Kursk" has other meanings: see Kursk (disambiguation). In "Kursk K-141", the naval code K-141 means little to many readers. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 06:04, 24 November 2008 (UTC)
 * In that case, the most appropriate name is simply Kursk (submarine). Note that this title already redirects to this article.  This form clearly identifies the most common name of the topic, Kursk, and clearly disambiguates from all other uses.  If there were other (non-Russian) submarines named Kursk, then Kursk (Russian submarine) would be appropriate.  K-141 should not be in the title unless it is part of the name, or, perhaps, to disambiguate it from other Russian submarines named Kursk. As a reminder, per WP:PRECISION, additional information in the title for precision is appropriate when necessary.  Whether such information is necessary needs to be decided on a per-article basis, forcing a comparative evaluation of all uses of the particular name in question (in this case Kursk), rather than blindly following some mindless naming format.  --Born2cycle (talk) 00:55, 25 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Oppose alternative proposal. This is not in keeping with long-established consensus nor with Naming conventions (ships) in regard to names of naval vessels in navies that do not use prefixes. — Bellhalla (talk) 11:04, 25 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Being long-established does not erase the fact that this consensus and naming convention is and has been inconsistent with, and in violation of, the even longer-established more general naming conventions, guidelines and policies, not to mention how many problems are created because of it. But keep your blinders on and only look at this from the perspective of this little niche of Wikipedia, and how to make it easer to predictably determine the names of all the articles in this niche, as if that solves a problem that needs to be solved.  --Born2cycle (talk) 22:08, 25 November 2008 (UTC)
 * I can respect that you have a differing view on the ship naming conventions (notice I didn't call it "wrong" as you did my opinion in your edit summary). Unfortunately, the very nature of a wiki can allow for what may appear to be contradictory interpretations of policies, guidelines, etc. In any case, you presented your case for changes to the ships naming convention there, and were rebuffed. I stated my opinion on the alternative proposal and how it is contrary to the consensus naming convention. Keep the personal attacks to yourself, please. — Bellhalla (talk) 23:05, 25 November 2008 (UTC)
 * I'll agree with Bellhalla here, your contributions seem to this debate have descended to the level of simply insisting that we've got the whole thing wrong. This was discussed at the naming convention page, and your suggestions achieved no consensus whatsoever, similar to how your other wider proposal about disambiguation also received no support. You have interpreted the guidelines one way, and it has been demonstrated that your view is a minority one. Please stop attempting to claim that your opinions are right and that everyone else is wrong because they disagree.  Statements such as 'But keep your blinders on' and 'blindly following some mindless naming format' are unnecessarily insulting, and this is now coming across as disruption to push your point of view. Benea (talk) 23:20, 25 November 2008 (UTC)
 * No insults or disruptions were intended, and I apologize for conveying that. But I will continue to hold that predisambiguatory naming conventions are "mindless naming formats" that allow for being "blindly followed", by definition.  That is, their very purpose is to define how articles are to be named within a particular niche (if you will) so that the article names in that niche are predetermined, don't have to be thought about, other potentially conflicting uses of the primary name of each article in that niche don't have to be considered, etc. If this is not trying to achieve mindless article naming, I don't know what is.  Mindless naming is not necessarily a bad thing (though I believe it is for a variety of reasons), but that's clearly what this is, isn't it?  And again, no insults are intended, I'm just calling it the way I see it.  If anyone disagrees, I would like to understand why. --Born2cycle (talk) 23:40, 25 November 2008 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Picture
People, there has to be a better PD image of the K-141 than a grainy, black and white shot of a sub that might be her. Anybody? -Samnuva —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.121.125.216 (talk) 04:02, 30 November 2008 (UTC)

Chinese Farm
The first para says Kursk was the largest tank battle in history. I suspect that is wrong. The Battle of the Chinese Farm had more tanks and the Battle of (some number) Easting covered more area. I think. Paul, in Saudi (talk) 14:36, 12 August 2009 (UTC)
 * There were thousands of tanks at Kursk, only a couple of hundred at Chinese Farm. As for 73 Easting taking place over a larger area, I'm not sure, but "largest tank battle" is intended to mean the largest number of tanks involved, not the physical area over which the battle was fought, though I would tend to believe (given the scale of the Eastern Front) that Kursk would also be larger in that respect.172.190.75.25 (talk) 01:56, 16 December 2010 (UTC)

Granit Cruise Missiles
If no evidence was provided to the contrary, why is it included in the article other than to stick the boot in? Clearly biased. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.167.131.241 (talk) 14:09, 6 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Um, what? HammerFilmFan (talk) 15:42, 27 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Yes I found loads of biased text in there, some subtle, some not. I don't think Westerners actually realise they are being biased when it comes to Russia.  I have done my best to tidy it up.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.30.166.243 (talk) 01:13, 26 September 2013 (UTC)

New Book: Lost Subs
Lost Subs: From the Hunley to the Kursk, the greatest submarines ever lost-and found by Spencer Dunmore is a collection of stories about the worlds most famous lost submarines, from the civil war era to the nuclear age. The book not only gives a description of how the different submarines sank, but also describes why they were famous, and their contributions to history. Lost Subs is full of fantastic pictures of each submarine from underwater, and from before each submarine sank. The last chapter is about the Kursk, and includes amazing pictures and diagrams of how it was raised. It also includes information about some of the crewmembers, and Russia’s handling of the incident.(Khaschekluender (talk) 20:38, 2 February 2012 (UTC))

Raising the Kursk
Chalmers, P. (2002). Raising the Kursk. Mechanical Engineering, 124(5), 52-55. "Raising the Kursk" is an excellent source of information on the process used to raise the submarine from the ocean depths. The article dives into the technical challenges of raising the Kursk, and a step by step outline of how it was done. It also explains how the Russian's didn't have the technology necessary to take on such a project, and a Dutch company was contracted to complete raise the sub. (Khaschekluender (talk) 19:54, 8 February 2012 (UTC))

Raising - 'the risk assessment'
Re 'risk assessment by Large Associates': imo this paragraph needs attention. It contains a dead link (the source presentation is now behind a paywall at Large Associates) and gives little information about the 'risk assessment' - apart from mentioning it - rendering it superfluous with the strong whiff of 'advertorial'. Who was it for? Was it official? What did it say? Indeed, the link to the wikipedia page on 'John Large Associates' throws up another dead link on his role in this enterprise and little information other than an assertion of having 'done the risk assessment'. For now I am soliciting responses or repairs and amendments. Beck daross (talk) 12:19, 6 May 2013 (UTC)

Article Assessment
Is there anyone out there w/ experience who would undertake an assessment of this article to see what needs to be improved to secure a higher rating? Is there a process for nominating an article for just regular review (that is, not Good Article review)? Or just hope someone will do it? Thanks...  Azx2  20:05, 14 August 2013 (UTC)

Info missing on rescue attemps
There is no info on the rescue attemps made by Norwegian and British divers in this article. Why is that? These rescue attemps were very public and could be watched on television the world over...kind of strange that it has so little focus in the article. Barely mentioned ... Mortyman (talk) 11:29, 30 November 2013 (UTC)
 * If you've got some good refs, feel free to add those in. peterl (talk) 19:05, 30 November 2013 (UTC)
 * Please complete the article with the data: what has Baron Bourgouin, such as metal recycling company, to do with this tragedy ?1Frlla (talk) 16:43, 9 January 2014 (UTC)

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Would they had any chance to survive when getting out of the submarine in 80 meter depth?
The submarine sank to 100 meters and I guess it is 20 meters high so the sailors would have to get out at a depth of 80 meters. What would have been their chances to survive at this depth? --2003:F5:CF01:4160:428:B43B:3BBB:492B (talk) 21:16, 27 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Had the victims. In general, had a chance? To stay alive.
 * Escape hatch. Was thick and tightly locked. Before they leave your port. Another thing. Yes, it is also interesting. Has the combat swimmer made a military career? Well here we assume. Discreet and quiet. To close the escape hatch. Basically, it was only possible under water. Yes, and on. why did he do that? How was it explained to him? That he has to obey such a dubious order? Further . Such an important one "Ekschen". Feeled, presumably - not a marine or a non-commissioned officer.
 * Yeah, by the way. z. B. we. Young Wikipedia User's. Under no circumstances would have done something like that. Or, - done, but not quite right, etc.Ah Colonel mon Colonel (talk) 11:47, 17 May 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Russian submarine Kursk (K-141)