text:
Normal operator

In mathematics, especially functional analysis, a normal operator on a complex Hilbert space H is a continuous linear operator N : H → H that commutes with its Hermitian adjoint N*, that is: NN* = N*N.

Normal operators are important because the spectral theorem holds for them. The class of normal operators is well understood. Examples of normal operators are
 * unitary operators: N* = N−1
 * Hermitian operators (i.e., self-adjoint operators): N* = N
 * skew-Hermitian operators: N* = −N
 * positive operators: N = MM* for some M (so N is self-adjoint).

A normal matrix is the matrix expression of a normal operator on the Hilbert space Cn.

Properties
Normal operators are characterized by the spectral theorem. A compact normal operator (in particular, a normal operator on a finite-dimensional inner product space) is unitarily diagonalizable.

Let $$T$$ be a bounded operator. The following are equivalent.
 * $$T$$ is normal.
 * $$T^{\star}$$ is normal.
 * $$\|T x\| = \|T^* x\|$$ for all $$x$$ (use $$\|Tx\|^2 = \langle T^* Tx, x \rangle = \langle T T^*x, x \rangle = \|T^*x\|^2$$).
 * The self-adjoint and anti–self adjoint parts of $$T$$ commute. That is, if $$T$$ is written as $$T = T_1 + i T_2$$ with $$T_1 := \frac{T+T^*}{2}$$ and $$i\,T_2 := \frac{T-T^*}{2},$$ then $$T_1 T_2 = T_2 T_1.$$

If $$N$$ is a normal operator, then $$N$$ and $$N^*$$ have the same kernel and the same range. Consequently, the range of $$N$$ is dense if and only if $$N$$ is injective. Put in another way, the kernel of a normal operator is the orthogonal complement of its range. It follows that the kernel of the operator $$N^k$$ coincides with that of $$N$$ for any $$k.$$ Every generalized eigenvalue of a normal operator is thus genuine. $$\lambda$$ is an eigenvalue of a normal operator $$N$$ if and only if its complex conjugate $$\overline{\lambda}$$ is an eigenvalue of $$N^*.$$ Eigenvectors of a normal operator corresponding to different eigenvalues are orthogonal, and a normal operator stabilizes the orthogonal complement of each of its eigenspaces. This implies the usual spectral theorem: every normal operator on a finite-dimensional space is diagonalizable by a unitary operator. There is also an infinite-dimensional version of the spectral theorem expressed in terms of projection-valued measures. The residual spectrum of a normal operator is empty.

The product of normal operators that commute is again normal; this is nontrivial, but follows directly from Fuglede's theorem, which states (in a form generalized by Putnam):

 * If $$N_1$$ and $$N_2$$ are normal operators and if $$A$$ is a bounded linear operator such that $$N_1 A = A N_2,$$ then $$N_1^* A = A N_2^*$$.

The operator norm of a normal operator equals its numerical radius and spectral radius.

A normal operator coincides with its Aluthge transform.

Properties in finite-dimensional case
If a normal operator T on a finite-dimensional real or complex Hilbert space (inner product space) H stabilizes a subspace V, then it also stabilizes its orthogonal complement V⊥. (This statement is trivial in the case where T is self-adjoint.)

Proof. Let PV be the orthogonal projection onto V. Then the orthogonal projection onto V⊥ is 1H−PV. The fact that T stabilizes V can be expressed as (1H−PV)TPV = 0, or TPV = PVTPV. The goal is to show that PVT(1H−PV) = 0.

Let X = PVT(1H−PV). Since (A, B) ↦ tr(AB*) is an inner product on the space of endomorphisms of H, it is enough to show that tr(XX*) = 0. First we note that
 * $$\begin{align}

XX^* &= P_V T(\boldsymbol{1}_H - P_V)^2 T^* P_V \\ &= P_V T(\boldsymbol{1}_H - P_V) T^* P_V \\ &= P_V T T^* P_V - P_V T P_V T^* P_V. \end {align}$$

Now using properties of the trace and of orthogonal projections we have:

 * $$\begin{align}

\operatorname{tr}(XX^*) &= \operatorname{tr} \left ( P_VTT^*P_V - P_VTP_VT^*P_V \right ) \\ &= \operatorname{tr}(P_VTT^*P_V) - \operatorname{tr}(P_VTP_VT^*P_V) \\ &= \operatorname{tr}(P_V^2TT^*) - \operatorname{tr}(P_V^2TP_VT^*) \\ &= \operatorname{tr}(P_VTT^*) - \operatorname{tr}(P_VTP_VT^*) \\ &= \operatorname{tr}(P_VTT^*) - \operatorname{tr}(TP_VT^*) && \text{using the hypothesis that } T \text{ stabilizes } V\\ &= \operatorname{tr}(P_VTT^*) - \operatorname{tr}(P_VT^*T) \\ &= \operatorname{tr}(P_V(TT^*-T^*T)) \\ &= 0. \end{align}$$

The same argument goes through for compact normal operators in infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces, where one make use of the Hilbert-Schmidt inner product, defined by tr(AB*) suitably interpreted. However, for bounded normal operators, the orthogonal complement to a stable subspace may not be stable. It follows that the Hilbert space cannot in general be spanned by eigenvectors of a normal operator. Consider, for example, the bilateral shift (or two-sided shift) acting on $$\ell^2$$, which is normal, but has no eigenvalues.

The invariant subspaces of a shift acting on Hardy space are characterized by Beurling's theorem.

Normal elements of algebras
The notion of normal operators generalizes to an involutive algebra:

An element x of an involutive algebra is said to be normal if xx* = x*x.

Self-adjoint and unitary elements are normal.

The most important case is when such an algebra is a C*-algebra.

Unbounded normal operators
The definition of normal operators naturally generalizes to some class of unbounded operators. Explicitly, a closed operator N is said to be normal if
 * $$N^*N = NN^*.$$

Here, the existence of the adjoint N* requires that the domain of N be dense, and the equality includes the assertion that the domain of N*N equals that of NN*, which is not necessarily the case in general.

Equivalently normal operators are precisely those for which
 * $$\|Nx\|=\|N^*x\|\qquad$$

with
 * $$\mathcal{D}(N)=\mathcal{D}(N^*).$$

The spectral theorem still holds for unbounded (normal) operators. The proofs work by reduction to bounded (normal) operators.

Generalization
The success of the theory of normal operators led to several attempts for generalization by weakening the commutativity requirement. Classes of operators that include normal operators are (in order of inclusion)
 * Hyponormal operators
 * Normaloids
 * Paranormal operators
 * Quasinormal operators
 * Subnormal operators

title: Normal operator


text:
1896 in literature

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1896.

Events

 * February 11 – While Oscar Wilde is in prison, his play Salome (written in 1891) is premièred in its original French by Lugné-Poe's Théâtre de l'Œuvre company in Paris, perhaps at the Comédie-Parisienne.
 * March – Stephanus Jacobus du Toit's Die Koningin van Skeba, the first Afrikaans language novel, begins serialization in Ons Klyntji.
 * March 3 – Publication begins of the world's first magazine with an orientation to male homosexuality, Der Eigene, by Adolf Brand in Berlin.
 * March 7 – Gilbert & Sullivan's last operetta The Grand Duke is premièred in London at the Savoy Theatre.
 * July 7 – Charles Thomas Wooldridge is hanged at Reading Gaol in England for uxoricide, inspiring fellow-prisoner C.3.3. Oscar Wilde's The Ballad of Reading Gaol (1897).
 * October 10 – The New York Times publishes its first book review section, which evolves to become The New York Times Book Review.
 * October 17 – Anton Chekhov's play The Seagull (Чайка, Chayka) is unsuccessfully premièred at the Alexandrinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg (Russia).
 * November – The British magazine The Lady's Realm is first published, edited by William Henry Wilkins.
 * December – Frank Munsey's The Argosy publishes its first all adult fiction issue, pioneering the pulp magazine genre in the United States.
 * December 5 – Connemara Public Library opens in Madras.
 * December 10 – Alfred Jarry's play Ubu Roi (first published this Spring in Le Livre d'art) is premièred by the Théâtre de l'Œuvre in Paris. The opening word, "Merdre!", triggers disturbances and the play is not performed again in the author's lifetime.
 * unknown dates
 * The final volume of Theodore Roosevelt's The Winning of the West is published.
 * Bernard Grenfell and Arthur Hunt of Queen's College, Oxford, begin excavation at Oxyrhynchus in Egypt and discover the Oxyrhynchus Papyri.
 * The English twins Agnes S. Lewis and Margaret D. Gibson bring the treasures of the Cairo Geniza to the attention of Western scholars, notably the first Hebrew-language text of the book of Ecclesiastes known in modern times.
 * The Publishers Association is established in the United Kingdom as a trade association.
 * The Cheltenham typeface is designed by architect Bertram Goodhue and Ingalls Kimball, director of the Cheltenham Press in New York.

Fiction

 * Herman Bang – Ludvigsbakke
 * Max Beerbohm – The Works of Max Beerbohm
 * René Boylesve – Le Médecin des dames de Néans
 * Frances Hodgson Burnett – A Lady of Quality
 * Abraham Cahan – Yekl: A Tale of the New York Ghetto
 * Hall Caine – Jan the Icelander or Home, Sweet Home, A Lecture Story
 * Joseph Conrad – An Outcast of the Islands
 * Marie Corelli
 * The Mighty Atom
 * The Murder of Delicia
 * Ziska
 * Machado de Assis – Várias histórias (short story collection)
 * Isabelle Eberhardt as Nicolas Podolinsky – "Per fas et nefas" (short story)
 * Edouard Estaunie – L'Empreinte
 * Jane Findlater – The Green Graves of Balgowrie
 * Antonio Fogazzaro – The Patriot
 * Theodor Fontane – Effi Briest (in book form)
 * Harold Frederic – The Damnation of Theron Ware
 * Mary E. Wilkins Freeman – Madelon
 * Jules Girardin – Les aventures de M. Colin-Tampon
 * Karl Adolph Gjellerup – Møllen (The Mill)
 * Higuchi Ichiyō (樋口 一葉) – Takekurabe (Comparing Heights, translated as Child's Play)
 * W. W. Jacobs – Many Cargoes (short stories)
 * Henry James – The Figure in the Carpet
 * Sarah Orne Jewett – The Country of the Pointed Firs
 * Olha Kobylianska – Arystokratka
 * "The Lord Commissioner" (John McCoy) – A Prophetic Romance: Mars to Earth
 * Pierre Louÿs – Aphrodite: mœurs antiques
 * William Morris – The Well at the World's End
 * Arthur Morrison – A Child of the Jago
 * Bolesław Prus – Pharaoh (Faraon; serialization concludes)
 * Antal Stašek – Blouznivci našich hor
 * Robert Louis Stevenson (died 1894) – Weir of Hermiston (unfinished)
 * Mark Twain – Tom Sawyer, Detective
 * Paul Valéry – La Soirée avec M. Teste
 * Jules Verne
 * Facing the Flag (Face au drapeau)
 * Clovis Dardentor
 * Mary Augusta Ward – Sir George Tressady
 * H. G. Wells – The Island of Doctor Moreau
 * Owen Wister – Red Men and White
 * Émile Zola – Rome

Children and young people

 * R. D. Blackmore – Tales from the Telling House
 * Christabel R. Coleridge – Minstrel Dick. A Tale of the XIVth Century
 * Mary Catherine Judd – Classic Myths
 * K. Langloh Parker – Australian Legendary Tales

Drama

 * George Ade – Artie
 * Anton Chekhov – The Seagull
 * Georges Feydeau – Le Dindon
 * Henrik Ibsen – John Gabriel Borkman
 * Alfred Jarry – Ubu Roi
 * Maurice Maeterlinck – Aglavaine et Sélysette

Poetry

 * Hilaire Belloc
 * The Bad Child's Book of Beasts
 * Verses and Sonnets
 * Richard Dehmel – Weib und Welt
 * Paul Laurence Dunbar – Lyrics of Lowly Life, Majors and Minors and "We Wear the Mask"
 * A. E. Housman – A Shropshire Lad
 * Robert Louis Stevenson (died 1894) – Songs of Travel, and Other Verses
 * See also 1896 in poetry

Non-fiction

 * Lewis Richard Farnell – The Cults of the Greek States
 * Edward Ernest Green – The Coccidae of Ceylon
 * Theodor Herzl – Der Judenstaat (The Jewish State)
 * George Holyoake – The Origin and Nature of Secularism
 * MacGibbon and Ross - The Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland
 * Charles Monroe Sheldon – In His Steps: 'What Would Jesus Do?'
 * Charles Dudley Warner – A Library of the World's Best Literature
 * Andrew Dickson White – A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom

Births

 * January 7 – Arnold Ridley, English dramatist and actor (died 1984)
 * January 9 – Eleanor Graham, English children's writer and editor (died 1984)
 * January 12 – Nobuko Yoshiya, Japanese romantic novelist (died 1973)
 * January 14 – John Dos Passos, American novelist (died 1970)
 * January 21 – Guy Gilpatric, American short story writer (suicide 1950)
 * February 12 – Dorothy Frooks, American author and publisher (died 1997)
 * February 18 – André Breton, French Surrealist poet and author (died 1966)
 * March 1 – Moriz Seeler, German writer, poet, film producer and man of the theatre (died 1942)
 * March 10 – Nancy Cunard, English patron of the arts (died 1965)
 * March 22 – Sigge Stark, born Signe Petersén, Swedish writer (died 1964)
 * April 16 – Tristan Tzara, Romanian-French poet and essayist (died 1963)
 * April 23 – Margaret Kennedy, English novelist and playwright (died 1967)
 * May 1 – Mihai Ralea, Romanian critic and sociologist of literature (died 1964)
 * May 3 – Dodie Smith, English novelist and dramatist (died 1990)
 * May 9 – Austin Clarke, Irish poet, playwright and novelist (died 1974)
 * May 27 – Joanna Cannan, English writer of children's pony books and detective novels (died 1961)
 * June 6 – R. C. Sherriff, English dramatist (died 1975)
 * June 18 – Philip Barry, American playwright (died 1949)
 * July 4 – Mao Dun, Chinese novelist, cultural critic, and Minister of Culture (died 1981)
 * July 19 – A. J. Cronin, Scottish novelist (died 1981)
 * July 25 – Josephine Tey, Scottish crime writer (died 1952)
 * August 27 – Kenji Miyazawa, Japanese poet (died 1933)
 * August 28 – Liam O'Flaherty, Irish novelist and short-story writer (died 1984)
 * September 4 – Antonin Artaud, French theatre director (died 1948)
 * September 5 – Heimito von Doderer, Austrian author (died 1966)
 * September 22 – Uri Zvi Grinberg, Austro-Hungarian-born Israeli poet writing in Yiddish and Hebrew (died 1981)
 * September 24 – F. Scott Fitzgerald, American writer (died 1940)
 * October 11 – Roman Jakobson, Russian linguistic theorist (died 1982)
 * October 22 – José Leitão de Barros, Portuguese playwright and film director (died 1967)
 * October 30 – Ruth Gordon, American actress and screenwriter (died 1985)
 * November 1 – Lawrence Riley, American playwright and screenwriter (died 1974)
 * November 4 – J. R. Ackerley, English literary editor (died 1967)
 * December 23 – Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa, Italian novelist (died 1957)
 * December 27 – Carl Zuckmayer, German writer and playwright (died 1977)
 * December – Sandu Tudor, Romanian poet, journalist and theologian (died 1962)
 * unknown date – Edith Ditmas, English archivist, historian and writer (died 1986)

Deaths

 * January 6 – Thomas W. Knox, American journalist and author, journalist (born 1835)
 * January 8 – Paul Verlaine, French poet (born 1844)
 * January 17 – Lady Llanover, Welsh writer and patron of the arts (born 1802)
 * January 20 – Graciano López Jaena, Filipino journalist, writer and patriot (born 1856)
 * February 26 – Arsène Houssaye, French novelist, poet and man of letters (born 1815)
 * March 21 – Elizabeth Otis Dannelly, American poet (born 1838)
 * March 22 – Ludwig Laistner, German novelist, mythologist and literary historian (born 1845)
 * May 11 – Henry Cuyler Bunner, American novelist and poet (born 1855)
 * May 13 – Nora Perry, American poet, journalist and children's author (born 1831)
 * June 8 – Jules Simon, French philosopher (born 1814)
 * June 22 – Sir Augustus Harris, French-born English dramatist and theater manager (born 1852)
 * July 1 – Harriet Beecher Stowe, American novelist (born 1811)
 * July 11 – Ernst Curtius, German historian (born 1814)
 * July 16 – Edmond de Goncourt, French critic and founder of Prix Goncourt (born 1822)
 * July 23 – Mary Dickens, English memoirist, editor and novelist (born 1838)
 * August 17 – Mary Abigail Dodge (Gail Hamilton), American essayist (born 1833)
 * September 23 – Ivar Aasen, Norwegian philologist, lexicographer, playwright, and poet (born 1813)
 * October 3 – William Morris, English poet, novelist and designer (born 1834)
 * October 8 – George du Maurier, English cartoonist and novelist (born 1834)
 * November 23 – Ichiyō Higuchi, Japanese writer (born 1872)
 * November 26
 * Mathilde Blind, German-born English poet (born 1841)
 * Coventry Patmore, English poet (born 1823)
 * December 10 – Alfred Nobel, Swedish founder of the Nobel prizes (born 1833)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 1896 in literature


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1923 in literature

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1923.

For works published in the United States, this year is also significant because from January 1, 2019, these were the first in 20 years to enter the public domain. They were originally to do so in 1999, but the U.S. Congress extended the length of copyright by twenty years.

Events

 * January
 * A copy of James Joyce's 1922 novel Ulysses posted to a London bookseller by the proprietor of Davy Byrne's pub in Dublin, which features in the book, is detained as obscene by the U.K. authorities.
 * T. E. Lawrence is forced to leave the British Royal Air Force, his alias as 352087 Aircraftman John Hume Ross having been exposed. He joins the Royal Tank Corps as 7875698 Private T. E. Shaw.
 * February 5 – Poet and super-tramp W. H. Davies marries Helen Payne, an ex-prostitute thirty years his junior, at East Grinstead in England.
 * February 18 (dated March) – The first issue of the pulp magazine Weird Tales appears in the U.S. It becomes noted for its horror fiction and fantasy.
 * April 11 – Seán O'Casey's drama The Shadow of a Gunman, the first of his "Dublin Trilogy", set during the recent Irish War of Independence, opens at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin.
 * April 21 – The first of a series of innovative modern–dress productions of Shakespeare plays, Cymbeline, directed by H. K. Ayliff, opens at Barry Jackson's Birmingham Repertory Theatre in England.
 * May 9 – The première of Bertolt Brecht's play In the Jungle of Cities (Im Dickicht der Städte) at the Residenz Theatre in Munich is disrupted by Nazi demonstrators.
 * May 11 – Dorothy L. Sayers' fictional English detective and bibliophile, Lord Peter Wimsey, makes his first appearance in the novel Whose Body?, published by Boni & Liveright in the United States. The first U.K. edition follows in October from T. Fisher Unwin.
 * July 6 – A riot breaks out at the re-staging of Tristan Tzara's Dadaist play The Gas Heart at the Théâtre Michel, Paris, between those aligned with André Breton and those aligned with Tzara. The conflict leads to a permanent split in the Dada movement and the founding of Surrealism as an alternative.
 * Summer – The teenage English brothers Julian and Quentin Bell begin issuing a family newspaper, the Charleston Bulletin, at their Sussex home, Charleston Farmhouse, with occasional contributions by their maternal aunt Virginia Woolf.
 * September – T. S. Eliot's poem The Waste Land (1922) is first published in the United Kingdom in book form, complete with notes, in a limited edition by the Hogarth Press of Richmond upon Thames. The firm is run by Eliot's Bloomsbury Group friends Leonard and Virginia Woolf, and the type handset by Virginia (completed in July).
 * October 8 – A production of Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus at The Old Vic, directed by Robert Atkins, is the first in London since 1857. It is also the first to restore the full original text since the playwright's time.
 * December – Persian poet Nima Yooshij publishes the poem Afsaneh, the manifesto of the She'r-e Nimaa'i school of modernist poetry.
 * December 28 – George Bernard Shaw's drama Saint Joan is premièred at the Garrick Theatre (New York City) on Broadway by the Theatre Guild, with Winifred Lenihan in the title role.
 * unknown dates
 * The poet Xu Zhimo founds the Crescent Moon Society at private dinner meetings in China.
 * The Swedish printers Almqvist & Wiksell of Uppsala move into publishing.

Fiction

 * Sherwood Anderson – Many Marriages
 * Gertrude Atherton – Black Oxen
 * Arnold Bennett – Riceyman Steps
 * Maxwell Bodenheim – Blackguard
 * Elizabeth Bowen – Encounters (short stories)
 * Thomas Alexander Boyd – Through the Wheat
 * Max Brand – Seven Trails
 * John Buchan – Midwinter
 * Hall Caine – The Woman of Knockaloe
 * Willa Cather – A Lost Lady
 * Alphonse de Chateaubriant – La Brière (Passion and Peat)
 * Agatha Christie – The Murder on the Links (Hercule Poirot novel)
 * Jean Cocteau – Thomas l'imposteur (Thomas the Imposter)
 * Colette – Green Wheat (Le Blé en herbe)
 * Joseph Conrad – The Rover
 * Marie Corelli – Love and the Philosopher
 * Freeman Wills Crofts – The Groote Park Murder
 * Susan Ertz – Madame Claire
 * Hans Fallada – Anton und Gerda
 * Jeffery Farnol – Sir John Dering
 * Lion Feuchtwanger – Die häßliche Herzogin (The Ugly Duchess)
 * J. S. Fletcher – The Charing Cross Mystery
 * Zona Gale – Faint Perfume
 * Garet Garrett – Cinder Buggy
 * Philip Gibbs – The Middle of the Road
 * Kahlil Gibran – The Prophet
 * Jaroslav Hašek – The Good Soldier Švejk (Osudy dobrého vojáka Švejka za světové války)
 * Ernest Hemingway – Three Stories and Ten Poems
 * Hermann Hesse – Demian (first English-language edition)
 * Georgette Heyer
 * The Great Roxhythe
 * Instead of the Thorn
 * The Transformation of Philip Jettan
 * Winifred Holtby – Anderby Wold
 * Aldous Huxley – Antic Hay
 * Ernst Jünger – Sturm
 * Margaret Kennedy – The Ladies of Lyndon
 * Joseph Kessel – The Crew
 * D. H. Lawrence
 * Kangaroo
 * The Fox, The Captain's Doll, The Ladybird: Three Novellas
 * Maurice Leblanc – Les Huit Coups de l'horloge (The Eight Strokes of the Clock)
 * David Lindsay – Sphinx
 * Agnes Mure Mackenzie – Without Conditions
 * Katherine Mansfield – The Doves' Nest and Other Stories (short stories, published posthumously)
 * Stratis Myrivilis – Η ζωή εν τάφω (I zoí en tafo, Life in the Tomb; serialization)
 * Zofia Nałkowska – Romans Teresy Hennert (The Romance of Teresa Hennert)
 * Liam O'Flaherty – Thy Neighbour's Wife
 * E. Phillips Oppenheim – The Inevitable Millionaires
 * Frank L. Packard – The Four Stragglers
 * Marcel Proust – The Prisoner (La Prisonnière, vol. 5 of In Search of Lost Time)
 * Raymond Radiguet – Le Diable au corps (The Devil in the Flesh)
 * William MacLeod Raine – Iron Heart
 * Ernest Raymond – Damascus Gate
 * Maurice Renard – New Bodies for Old (first English language edition of Le Docteur Lerne – Sous-Dieu (1908))
 * Joseph Roth – Das Spinnennetz (The Spider's Web)
 * Rafael Sabatini – Fortune's Fool
 * Vita Sackville-West – Challenge
 * Dorothy L. Sayers – Whose Body?
 * James Stephens – Deirdre
 * Gene Stratton-Porter – The White Flag
 * Italo Svevo – La Coscienza di Zeno
 * Alexei Tolstoy – Aelita (Аэлита)
 * Jean Toomer – Cane
 * Sigrid Undset – The Bridal Wreath (English translation of Kransen by Charles Archer)
 * Clément Vautel – My Priest Among the Rich
 * Jules Verne (died 1905) (first English-language editions)
 * The Castaways of the Flag
 * The Lighthouse at the End of the World (largely attributed to Michel Verne)
 * E. C. Vivian – Fields of Sleep
 * Edgar Wallace
 * Bones of the River
 * The Books of Bart
 * Captains of Souls
 * Chick (short stories)
 * The Clue of the New Pin
 * The Green Archer
 * The Missing Million
 * H. G. Wells – Men Like Gods
 * Edith Wharton – A Son at the Front
 * Margaret Widdemer – Graven Image
 * William Carlos Williams – The Great American Novel
 * Margaret Wilson – The Able McLaughlins
 * Josef Winckler – The Mad Bomberg
 * P. G. Wodehouse
 * The Inimitable Jeeves
 * Leave It to Psmith
 * Virginia Woolf – "Mrs Dalloway in Bond Street"
 * Anzia Yezierska – Salome of the Tenements

Children and young people

 * Victor Appleton – Tom Swift and his Flying Boat (26th in the original series)
 * Cicely Mary Barker – Flower Fairies of the Spring (first in the Flower Fairies series of at least ten books)
 * Vitaly Bianki – Whose Nose is Better? (Чей нос лучше?)
 * Edgar Rice Burroughs – Tarzan and the Golden Lion
 * Charles Boardman Hawes – The Dark Frigate
 * Hugh Lofting – Doctor Dolittle's Post Office (third in the Doctor Dolittle series of 13 books)
 * Lucy Maud Montgomery – Emily of New Moon (first in the Emily series of three books)
 * Felix Salten – Bambi, A Life in the Woods (Bambi. Eine Lebensgeschichte aus dem Walde)
 * Ruth Plumly Thompson – The Cowardly Lion of Oz (17th in the Oz series overall and the third written by her)
 * Else Ury – Nesthäkchen and Her Chicks
 * Hugh Walpole – Jeremy and Hamlet (second in the Jeremy series of three books)

Drama

 * Dorothy Brandon – The Outsider
 * Bertolt Brecht – In the Jungle of Cities
 * Gerald du Maurier – The Dancers
 * Ian Hay – Good Luck
 * Garnet Holme (adapted from Helen Hunt Jackson) – The Ramona Pageant
 * Georg Kaiser – Side by Side (Nebeneinander)
 * Charles McEvoy – The Likes of Her
 * Seán O'Casey – The Shadow of a Gunman
 * Elmer Rice – The Adding Machine
 * Arnold Ridley – The Ghost Train
 * Jules Romains – Knock (Knock, ou le Triomphe de la médecine)
 * George Bernard Shaw – Saint Joan
 * Marie Stopes – Our Ostriches
 * Ernst Toller – Hinkemann
 * Sergei Tretyakov
 * Do You Hear, Moscow? (Слышишь, Москва?!)
 * Earth in Turmoil
 * Sutton Vane – Outward Bound
 * Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz
 * The Crazy Locomotive (Szalona lokomotywa)
 * Janulka, Daughter of Fizdejko (Janulka, córka Fizdejki)
 * The Madman and the Nun (Wariat i zakonnica)

Poetry

 * Louise Bogan – Body of This Death: Poems
 * E. E. Cummings – Tulips and Chimneys
 * Robert Frost – New Hampshire (including "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening")
 * Pablo Neruda – Crepusculario
 * Sukumar Ray – Abol Tabol
 * Wallace Stevens – Harmonium
 * David Vogel – Lifney Hasha'ar Ha'afel (Before the Dark Gate)
 * William Carlos Williams
 * Go Go
 * Spring and All

Non-fiction

 * Vladimir Arsenyev – Dersu Uzala
 * Godfrey Benson, 1st Baron Charnwood – Theodore Roosevelt
 * Algernon Blackwood – Episodes Before Thirty
 * J. B. Bury – A History of the Later Roman Empire from the Death of Theodosius I to the Death of Justinian
 * E. K. Chambers – The Elizabethan Stage
 * Winston Churchill – The World Crisis (volumes 1 & 2 specifically)
 * Le Corbusier – Toward an Architecture (Vers une architecture)
 * Sigmund Freud – The Ego and the Id
 * Maxim Gorky – My Universities (Мои университеты)
 * Laura Thornburgh and Don Carlos Ellis - Motion Pictures in Education
 * Robert Henri – The Art Spirit
 * Rudyard Kipling – The Irish Guards in the Great War
 * D. H. Lawrence – Studies in Classic American Literature
 * Arthur Moeller van den Bruck – Das Dritte Reich
 * Mihai Ralea – L'Idée de la révolution dans les doctrines socialistes
 * Mary Roberts Rinehart – The Out Trail
 * Arthur Moeller van den Bruck – Das Dritte Reich
 * Max Weber – Wirtschaftsgeschichte
 * Rose Wilder Lane – The Peaks of Shala

Births

 * January 2 – Rachel Waterhouse, English historian and author (died 2020)
 * January 6 – Jacobo Timerman, Argentine writer (died 1999)
 * January 9 – David Holbrook, English novelist, poet and academic (died 2011)
 * January 10 – Ingeborg Drewitz, German novelist and dramatist (died 1986)
 * January 16 – Anthony Hecht, American poet (died 2004)
 * January 29 – Paddy Chayefsky, American screenwriter (died 1981)
 * January 31 – Norman Mailer, American writer and journalist (died 2007)
 * February 2 – James Dickey, American poet and author (died 1997)
 * February 9 – Brendan Behan, Irish writer and playwright (died 1964)
 * February 12 – Alan Dugan, American poet and author (died 2003)
 * February 23 – Mary Francis Shura, American writer (died 1991)
 * February 25 – Harry Leslie Smith, English writer and political commentator (died 2018)
 * March 1 – Shantabai Kamble, Indian Marathi writer and activist (died 2023)
 * March 2 – Harriet Frank Jr., American film writer and producer (died 2020)
 * March 24 – Michael Legat, English writer and editor (died 2011)
 * March 26 – Elizabeth Jane Howard, English novelist (died 2014)
 * March 27
 * Shusaku Endo (遠藤 周作), Japanese novelist (died 1996)
 * Louis Simpson, Jamaican-born American poet (died 2012)
 * March 30 – Milton Acorn, Canadian poet, writer, and playwright (died 1986)
 * April 3
 * Daniel Hoffman, American poet (died 2013)
 * John Ormond, Welsh poet (died 1990)
 * April 19 – Stuart H. Walker, American Olympic yachtsman and writer (died 2018)
 * April 20 – Bill Spence, English novelist (died 2024)
 * April 21 – John Mortimer, English dramatist, screenwriter and barrister (died 2009)
 * April 22 – Paula Fox, American writer (died 2017)
 * April 23 – Manuel Mejía Vallejo, Colombian novelist (died 1998)
 * May 1
 * Joseph Heller, American novelist (died 1999)
 * Ralph Senensky, American television director and writer
 * May 21 – Dorothy Hewett, Australian poet, playwright and novelist (died 2002)
 * May 22 – Aline Griffith, Dowager Countess of Romanones, Spanish-American cipher clerk, aristocrat, socialite and writer (died 2017)
 * May 24 – Knut Ahnlund, Swedish literary historian and writer (died 2012)
 * June 7 – Martyn Goff, English author and bookseller (died 2015)
 * June 14 – Judith Kerr, German-born English children's writer (died 2019)
 * June 23 – John E. Sarno, American medical writer (died 2017)
 * June 24 – Yves Bonnefoy, French poet and essayist (died 2016)
 * July 2 – Wisława Szymborska, Polish poet and essayist (died 2012)
 * July 5
 * Naomi Long Madgett, American poet (died 2020)
 * Mitsuye Yamada, Japanese-American activist, feminist, essayist, poet, story writer, editor, and teacher
 * July 12 – James E. Gunn, American science fiction writer (died 2020)
 * July 17 – James Purdy, American writer (died 2009)
 * August 21 – Emma Smith (Elspeth Hallsmith), English novelist and autobiographer (died 2018)
 * September 13 – Miroslav Holub, Czech poet (died 1998)
 * September 22 – Dannie Abse, Welsh poet and writer (died 2014)
 * October 5 – Stig Dagerman, Swedish author and journalist (died 1954)
 * October 15 – Italo Calvino, Italian writer (died 1985)
 * October 21 – Mihai Gafița, Romanian editor, literary historian and children's novelist (died 1977)
 * October 24 – Denise Levertov, English-born American poet (died 1997)
 * November 20 – Nadine Gordimer, South African writer (died 2014)
 * November 23 – Gloria Whelan, American poet, short story writer, and novelist
 * December 14 – Gerard Reve, Dutch novelist and poet (died 2006)
 * December 21 – Richard Hugo, American poet and educator (died 1982)
 * unknown date – Qu Bo (曲波), Chinese novelist (died 2002)

Deaths

 * January 3 – Jaroslav Hašek, Czech novelist (born 1883)
 * January 9 – Katherine Mansfield, New Zealand-born fiction writer (born 1888)
 * February 1 – Ernst Troeltsch, German theologian (born 1865)
 * February 8 – Bernard Bosanquet, English philosopher and political theorist (born 1848)
 * February 15 – Minnie Willis Baines, American eauthor (born 1845)
 * February 25 – Emeline S. Burlingame, American editor and reformer (born 1836)
 * March 6 – William Boyle, Irish dramatist and short story writer (born 1853)
 * March 26 – Sarah Bernhardt, French actress (born 1844)
 * March 29 – J. Smeaton Chase, English-born American author and photographer (born 1864)
 * April 30 – Emerson Hough, American fiction author (born 1857)
 * May 10 – Ulderiko Donadini, Croatian novelist, dramatist and short story writer (suicide, born 1894)
 * May 23 – Henry Bradley, English philologist and lexicographer (born 1845)
 * June 3 – Estelle Mendell Amory, American educator and author (born 1846)
 * June 4 – Hume Nisbet, Scottish thriller writer, poet and painter (born 1849)
 * June 10
 * Louis Couperus, Dutch novelist and poet (born 1863)
 * Pierre Loti, French novelist and travel writer (born 1850)
 * June 22 – Morris Rosenfeld, Yiddish poet (born 1862)
 * June 24 – Edith Södergran, Finnish Swedish poet (born 1892)
 * July 9 – Florence Caddy, English non-fiction writer (born 1837)
 * July 16
 * Louis Couperus, Dutch writer of fiction, non-fiction and poetry (born 1863)
 * Charles Boardman Hawes, American writer of fiction and non-fiction (born 1889)
 * August 19 – Vilfredo Pareto, Italian economist, political scientist and philosopher (born 1848)
 * August 24 – Kate Douglas Wiggin, American children's author (born 1856)
 * October 6
 * Oscar Browning, English historian (born 1837)
 * Kate E. Griswold, American magazine editor, publisher, and proprietor (born 1860)

 * October 8 – Florence Montgomery, English novelist and children's writer (born 1843)
 * October 12 – John Cadvan Davies, Welsh poet and Wesleyan Methodist minister (born 1846)
 * October 14 – Marcellus Emants, Dutch novelist (born 1848)
 * November 18 – George Wharton James, English-born American journalist (born 1858)
 * November 23 – Urmuz, Romanian short prose writer (suicide, born 1883)
 * December 1 – Virginie Loveling, Flemish poet and novelist (born 1836)
 * December 4 – Maurice Barrès, French novelist and journalist (born 1862)
 * December 12 – Raymond Radiguet, French novelist and poet (born 1903)

Awards

 * James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction: Arnold Bennett, Riceyman Steps
 * James Tait Black Memorial Prize for biography: Sir Ronald Ross, Memoirs, Etc.
 * Newbery Medal for children's literature: Hugh Lofting, The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle
 * Nobel Prize in Literature: William Butler Yeats
 * Prix Goncourt: Lucien Fabre, Rabevel ou Le mal des ardents
 * Pulitzer Prize for Drama: Owen Davis, Icebound
 * Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: Edna St. Vincent Millay, The Ballad of the Harp-Weaver: A Few Figs from Thistles: Eight Sonnets in American Poetry, 1922. A Miscellany
 * Pulitzer Prize for the Novel: Willa Cather, One of Ours

title: 1923 in literature


text:
1924 in literature

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1924.

Events

 * January
 * Writer Miguel de Unamuno is dismissed for the first time from his university posts by the Spanish dictator General Miguel Primo de Rivera and goes into exile on Fuerteventura in the Canary Islands.
 * Richard L. Simon and M. Lincoln ("Max") Schuster establish the New York City publisher Simon & Schuster, which initially specializes in crossword puzzle books.
 * January 15 – The world's first radio play, Danger by Richard Hughes, is broadcast by the B.B.C. from its London studios.
 * February 2 – A largely rewritten version of Roi Cooper Megrue and Walter C. Hackett's 1914 farce It Pays to Advertise opens in a production by actor-manager Tom Walls, at the Aldwych Theatre in London. It runs until 10 July 1925, a total of 598 performances, as the first in a sequence of twelve Aldwych farces.
 * March 3 – Seán O'Casey's drama Juno and the Paycock opens at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin.
 * March
 * Leonard and Virginia Woolf move themselves and the Hogarth Press back to a house in Bloomsbury at 52 Tavistock Square, London.
 * Weird Tales magazine publishes H. P. Lovecraft's story "The Rats in the Walls" in the United States.
 * April – Ford Madox Ford publishes the first of four volumes set around World War I, titled Parade's End. It is completed in 1928.
 * April 12 – The Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore arrives in China, where his views prove controversial. While there, he becomes associated with the innovative poets Xu Zhimo and Lin Huiyin.
 * May 3 – F. Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald leave New York for France.
 * June – Ret Marut, perhaps previously Otto Feige and presumed later to be the writer B. Traven, leaves Europe for Mexico.
 * June 4 – E. M. Forster's novel A Passage to India is published in the U.K. He will write no further fiction in the remaining 46 years of his life.
 * September – Buddenbrooks, the first of Thomas Mann's works to appear in English, is published in a translation by the American Helen T. Lowe-Porter. The original German appeared in 1901.
 * unknown dates
 * The Hebrew language poet Hayim Nahman Bialik relocates with his publishing house Dvir from Berlin to Tel Aviv.
 * The Argosy Book Store is founded in New York City, United States.
 * Luxemburger Illustrierte newspaper begins publication in Luxembourg (ceased 1931).

Fiction

 * Felix Aderca – Moartea unei republici roșii
 * Michael Arlen – The Green Hat
 * Henry Howarth Bashford (anonymously) – Augustus Carp, Esq., By Himself: Being the Autobiography of a Really Good Man
 * Pierre Benoit – The Lady of Lebanon
 * Johan Bojer – Vor egen stamme (The Emigrants)
 * Lynn Brock – The Deductions of Colonel Gore
 * Louis Bromfield – The Green Bay Tree
 * John Buchan – The Three Hostages
 * Edgar Rice Burroughs
 * The Land That Time Forgot
 * Tarzan and the Ant Men
 * Agatha Christie
 * The Man in the Brown Suit
 * Poirot Investigates
 * Freeman Wills Crofts – Inspector French's Greatest Case
 * James Oliver Curwood – A Gentleman of Courage
 * Alfred Döblin – Berge Meere und Giganten (Mountains, Seas and Giants)
 * Edna Ferber – So Big
 * Charles Finger – Tales from Silver Lands
 * Dorothy Canfield Fisher – The Home-Maker
 * Ford Madox Ford – Some Do Not . . .
 * Jean Forge – Saltego trans Jarmiloj
 * E. M. Forster – A Passage to India
 * Gilbert Frankau – Gerald Cranston's Lady
 * John Galsworthy – The White Monkey
 * Garet Garrett – Satan's Bushel
 * Zane Grey – Call of the Canyon
 * Robert Hichens – After the Verdict
 * Winifred Holtby – The Crowded Street
 * Margaret Irwin – Still She Wished for Company
 * Mikheil Javakhishvili – Kvachi Kvachantiradze (კვაჭი კვაჭანტირაძე)
 * Harry Stephen Keeler – The Voice of the Seven Sparrows
 * Margaret Kennedy – The Constant Nymph
 * Magdalen King-Hall (as Cleone Knox) – Diary of a Young Lady of Fashion 1764–65
 * Halldór Laxness – Undir Helgahnúk
 * Benito Lynch – The Englishman of the Bones
 * Philip MacDonald – The Rasp
 * Thomas Mann – The Magic Mountain (Der Zauberberg)
 * Lucia Mantu – Cucoana Olimpia
 * Katherine Mansfield – Something Childish and Other Stories
 * John Masefield – Sard Harker
 * F. M. Mayor – The Rector's Daughter
 * Herman Melville (d. 1891) – Billy Budd, Sailor
 * Dmitry Merezhkovsky – Akhnaton, King of Egypt
 * Hope Mirrlees – The Counterplot
 * George Moore – Peronnik the Fool
 * Paul Morand – Lewis and Irene
 * Ralph Hale Mottram – The Spanish Farm
 * E. Phillips Oppenheim – The Wrath to Come
 * Baroness Orczy
 * The Honourable Jim
 * Pimpernel and Rosemary
 * Les Beaux et les Dandys de Grand Siècles en Angleterre
 * E. Phillips Oppenheim – The Ex-Duke
 * Ernest Pérochon – Les Gardiennes
 * Eden Phillpotts – The Treasures of Typhon
 * Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany – The King of Elfland's Daughter
 * Joseph Roth
 * Hotel Savoy
 * Rebellion
 * Arthur Schnitzler – Fräulein Else
 * Arthur D. Howden Smith – Porto Bello Gold
 * Cecil Street – The Double Florin
 * Þórbergur Þórðarson – Bréf til Láru
 * Edgar Wallace
 * The Dark Eyes of London
 * Double Dan
 * The Face in the Night
 * Room 13
 * The Sinister Man
 * The Three Oak Mystery
 * Hugh Walpole – The Old Ladies
 * Mary Webb – Precious Bane
 * H. G. Wells – The Dream
 * Edith Wharton – The Old Maid
 * Walter F. White – The Fire In The Flint
 * P. C. Wren – Beau Geste
 * Francis Brett Young
 * Cold Harbour
 * Woodsmoke
 * Yevgeny Zamyatin – We (first published, in English translation)

Children and young people

 * Edgar Rice Burroughs
 * The Land That Time Forgot
 * Tarzan and the Ant Men
 * Johan Fabricius – De Scheepsjongens van Bontekoe (The Cabin Boys of Bontekoe, translated as Java Ho!: The Adventures of Three Boys Amid Fire, Storm and Shipwreck)
 * Hugh Lofting – Doctor Dolittle's Circus (4th in a series of 13 books)
 * Anne Parrish – The Dream Coach
 * Albert Payson Terhune – The Heart of a Dog
 * Ruth Plumly Thompson – Grampa in Oz (18th in the Oz series overall and the fourth written by her)
 * Else Ury
 * Nesthäkchen's Youngest (Nesthäkchens Jüngste)
 * Nesthäkchen and Her Grandchildren (Nesthäkchen und Ihre Enkel)
 * Gertrude Chandler Warner – The Box-Car Children

Drama

 * Maxwell Anderson and Laurence Stallings – What Price Glory?
 * Louis Aragon – Backs to the Wall
 * Bertolt Brecht – The Life of Edward II of England (Leben Eduards des Zweiten von England, adapted from Marlowe)
 * Mikhail Bulgakov – The Fatal Eggs (Роковые яйца)
 * Alberto Casella – La morte in vacanza (Death Takes a Holiday)
 * Noël Coward
 * The Vortex (first performed)
 * Hay Fever (written)
 * Easy Virtue (written)
 * Ramón del Valle-Inclán – Bohemian Lights (Luces de Bohemia)
 * Henri Duvernois and Pierre Wolff – After Love
 * Nikolai Erdman – The Mandate (Мандат)
 * Ian Hay – The Sport of Kings
 * Agha Hashar Kashmiri – Aankh ka Nasha
 * George S. Kaufman and Marc Connelly – Beggar on Horseback
 * Frederick Lonsdale
 * The Fake
 * The Street Singer
 * Ivor Novello – The Rat
 * Seán O'Casey – Juno and the Paycock
 * Eugene O'Neill – Desire Under the Elms
 * E. Phillips Oppenheim – The Passionate Quest
 * Louis N. Parker – Our Nell
 * Henrik Rytter – Herman Ravn
 * Githa Sowerby – The Stepmother (written)
 * Sergei Tretyakov – The Gas Masks (Противогазы)
 * Tristan Tzara – Handkerchief of Clouds (Mouchoir de Nuages)
 * Sutton Vane – Falling Leaves
 * Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz – The Mother (Matka)

Poetry

 * Edwin James Brady – The Land of the Sun
 * Muhammad Iqbal – Bang-i-Dara
 * A. A. Milne – When We Were Very Young
 * Pablo Neruda – Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair (Veinte poemas de amor y una canción desesperada)
 * Saint-John Perse – Anabase
 * Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo – La Coupe de cendres (The cup of ashes)
 * Sergei Yesenin – Land of Scoundrels

Non-fiction

 * Alfred Rosling Bennett – London and Londoners in the 1850s and 1860s
 * Sarah Bernhardt – The Art of the Theatre
 * André Breton – The Surrealist Manifesto
 * W. E. B. Du Bois – The Gift of Black Folk
 * Emma Goldman – My Further Disillusionment in Russia
 * Johan Huizinga – Erasmus
 * Agnes Mure Mackenzie – The Women in Shakespeare's Plays
 * Eileen Power – Medieval People
 * Robert Athlyi Rogers – Holy Piby
 * Jadunath Sarkar – History of Aurangzib
 * Lowell Thomas – With Lawrence in Arabia
 * Leon Trotsky – Literature and Revolution
 * Jim Tully – Beggars of Life
 * Mark Twain – The Autobiography of Mark Twain
 * Hugh Walpole – The English Novel: Some Notes on its Evolution
 * H. G. Wells – The Story of a Great Schoolmaster
 * Margaret Wylie – Golden Wattle Cookery Book

Births

 * January 30 – Lloyd Alexander, American writer (died 2007)
 * February 3 – Andrzej Szczypiorski, Polish writer (died 2000)
 * February 6 – Jin Yong, Chinese wuxia novelist (died 2018)
 * February 17 – Margaret Truman, American writer and soprano (died 2008)
 * April 3
 * Errol Brathwaite, New Zealand author (died 2005)
 * Josephine Pullein-Thompson, English children's novelist (died 2014)
 * April 8 – Humberto Costantini, Argentinian writer (died 1987)
 * April 20 – Miroslav Komárek, Czech historical linguist (died 2013)
 * April 24
 * Clement Freud, German-born English writer and broadcaster (died 2009)
 * Clive King, English children's writer and academic (died 2018)
 * April 26 – Solomon Mutswairo, Zimbabwean novelist and poet (died 2005)
 * May 1 – Terry Southern, American writer (died 1995)
 * May 3 – Yehuda Amichai, born Ludwig Pfeuffer, German-born Israeli Hebrew-language poet (died 2000)
 * May 8 – Petru Dumitriu, Romanian novelist (died 2002)
 * July 1 – Wang Huo, Chinese novelist and screenwriter
 * July 15 – Finn Bjørnseth, Norwegian novelist (died 1973)
 * July 30
 * William H. Gass, American novelist (died 2017)
 * José Antonio Villarreal, Chicano novelist (died 2010)
 * August 3 – Leon Uris, American author (died 2003)
 * August 6 – James Baldwin, American writer (died 1987)
 * August 15 – Robert Bolt, English screenwriter and playwright (died 1995)
 * August 17 – Evan S. Connell, American author (died 2013)
 * August 22 – Ada Jafri, Indian poet writing in Urdu (died 2015)
 * September 4 – Joan Aiken, English novelist (died 2004)
 * September 14 – Davidson Nicol, Sierra Leonean diplomat, author (died 1994)
 * September 27 – Josef Škvorecký, Czech-born novelist and publisher (died 2012)
 * September 30 – Truman Capote, American fiction writer (died 1984)
 * October 1 – Jimmy Carter, author and 39th President of the United States
 * October 3 – Harvey Kurtzman, American cartoonist and editor (died 1993)
 * October 5 – José Donoso, Chilean writer (died 1996)
 * October 29 – Zbigniew Herbert, Polish writer (died 1998)
 * November 21 – Christopher Tolkien, British academic and editor (died 2020)
 * November 22 – Rosamunde Pilcher, English novelist (died 2019)
 * December 10 – Mitzura Arghezi, Romanian book editor, illustrator, and politician (died 2015)
 * December 29 – Francisco Nieva, Spanish playwright, novelist and short story writer (died 2016)
 * unknown dates
 * Deirdre Cash (Criena Rohan), Australian novelist (died 1963)
 * Mengistu Lemma, Ethiopian playwright (died 1988)

Deaths

 * April 21 – Marie Corelli, English author (born 1855)
 * May ? – Muhammad bin Fadlallah al-Sarawi, Iranian-Iraqi faqih, religious writer and poet (born c. 1880)
 * May 1 – Lepha Eliza Bailey, American author, lecturer, and social reformer (born 1845)
 * May 4 – E. Nesbit, English children's author (born 1858)
 * June 3 – Franz Kafka, German-language author (born 1883)
 * June 30 – Jacob Israël de Haan, Dutch-Jewish novelist, poet and journalist (assassinated, born 1881)
 * August 3 – Joseph Conrad, Polish-born English novelist (born 1857)
 * August 25 – Velma Caldwell Melville, American editor and writer (born 1858)
 * August 26 – Julia Carter Aldrich, American author and editor (born 1834)
 * October 9
 * Valery Bryusov, Russian Symbolist poet, dramatist and translator (born 1873)
 * Lin Shu, Chinese translator (born 1852)
 * October 12 – Anatole France, French poet, novelist and journalist (born 1844)
 * October 25 – Laura Jean Libbey, American novelist (born 1862)
 * October 29 – Frances Hodgson Burnett, English-born children's author (born 1849)
 * November 21 – Paul Milliet, French dramatist and librettist (born 1848)
 * November 22 – Herman Heijermans, Dutch dramatist (born 1864)
 * December 6 – Gene Stratton-Porter, American novelist and naturalist (born 1863)
 * December 26 – Arnold Henry Savage Landor, English writer and artist (born 1865)
 * December 27 – Jennie Thornley Clarke, American educator, writer, and anthologist (born 1860)
 * unknown date – Nicolae Velo, Aromanian poet and diplomat in Romania (b. 1882)

Awards

 * James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction: E. M. Forster, A Passage to India
 * James Tait Black Memorial Prize for biography: Rev. William Wilson, The House of Airlie
 * Newbery Medal for children's literature: Charles Hawes, The Dark Frigate
 * Nobel Prize in Literature: Władysław Reymont
 * Pulitzer Prize for Drama: Hatcher Hughes, Hell-Bent Fer Heaven
 * Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: Robert Frost, New Hampshire: A Poem with Notes and Grace Notes
 * Pulitzer Prize for the Novel: Margaret Wilson, The Able McLaughlins

title: 1924 in literature


text:
1925 in literature

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1925.

Events

 * February 21 – The first issue of The New Yorker magazine is published by Harold Ross.
 * February 28 – The first story under the name B. Traven (identified variously as actor Ret Marut or Otto Feige) is published, in Vorwärts (Berlin).
 * April – F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway meet in the Dingo Bar, rue Delambre, in the Montparnasse quarter of Paris, after the April 10 publication of Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby (by Charles Scribner's Sons in New York City) and before Hemingway departs on a trip to Spain that he will fictionalize in The Sun Also Rises (1926).
 * May 14 – Virginia Woolf's novel Mrs Dalloway is published by the Hogarth Press in Bloomsbury, London. Woolf is beginning work on To the Lighthouse.
 * May 20 – C. S. Lewis is elected a fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, where he tutors in English language and literature until 1954.
 * Summer – Samuel Beckett plays in the first of two first-class cricket matches, for Dublin University against Northamptonshire.
 * July 22 – The first of Ben Travers' "Aldwych farces", A Cuckoo in the Nest, opens at London's Aldwych Theatre in a production by actor-manager Tom Walls featuring the brothers Ralph Lynn, Gordon James and Hastings Lynn.
 * October 1 – J. R. R. Tolkien becomes Rawlinson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon at the University of Oxford.
 * December 24 – A. A. Milne's Winnie-the-Pooh story "The Wrong Sort of Bees" appears in the London Evening News.
 * December 28 – The Russian poet Sergei Yesenin (born 1895) writes a farewell poem, "Goodbye, my friend, goodbye" (До свиданья, друг мой, до свиданья) in his own blood before hanging himself at the Angleterre Hotel, Leningrad.
 * December – W. H. Auden and Christopher Isherwood meet for the first time as adults in London.
 * unknown dates
 * Ernest Blythe, Minister for Finance in the Irish Free State, arranges an annual government subsidy of £850 for the Abbey Theatre in Dublin, making it the first state-supported theatre in the English-speaking world.
 * Miss Riboet's Orion theatrical troupe is established in the Dutch East Indies.
 * The first complete translation of the 14th-century Romance of the Three Kingdoms (三國演義) from Chinese into English is published by Charles Henry Brewitt-Taylor.
 * Leslie Hotson publishes the first account from contemporary records of the murder of the dramatist Christopher Marlowe in 1593, claiming to have found the evidence while researching Chaucer's The Nun's Priest's Tale in the archives of the English Public Records Office in 1923–1924.
 * T. S. Eliot leaves Lloyds Bank in London and joins the new publishers Faber and Gwyer, having been recommended to Geoffrey Faber by Charles Whibley.
 * The Modern Library is taken over by Bennett Cerf and Donald Klopfer.

Fiction

 * Sherwood Anderson – Dark Laughter
 * Sergei Auslender – Дни боевые (Dni boevye, Fighting Days)
 * Alexander Belyaev – Professor Dowell's Head
 * E.F. Benson – Rex
 * André Billy – L'Ange qui pleure
 * James Boyd – Drums
 * Lynn Brock – Colonel Gore’s Second Case
 * Louis Bromfield – Possession
 * D. K. Broster – The Flight of the Heron (first of her Jacobite Trilogy)
 * Mihail Bulgakov
 * A Young Doctor's Notebook (Записки юного врача; partial publication)
 * The Fatal Eggs (Роковые яйца)
 * The White Guard (Белая гвардия; partial serialization)
 * Mary Butts – Ashe of Rings
 * Willa Cather – The Professor's House
 * Blaise Cendrars – Sutter's Gold
 * André Chamson – Roux le bandit
 * Arthur Bowie Chrisman – Shen of the Sea
 * Agatha Christie – The Secret of Chimneys
 * Ivy Compton-Burnett – Pastors and Masters
 * Marie Corelli – Open Confession to a Man from a Woman
 * Warwick Deeping – Sorrell and Son
 * Maurice Dekobra – La Madone des sleepings (The Madonna of the Sleeping-Cars)
 * Brian Oswald Donn-Byrne – Hangman's House
 * John Dos Passos – Manhattan Transfer
 * Theodore Dreiser – An American Tragedy
 * Lion Feuchtwanger – Jud Süß (translated as Jew Süss or Power)
 * F. Scott Fitzgerald – The Great Gatsby
 * Rosita Forbes – If the Gods Laugh
 * Ford Madox Ford – No More Parades
 * Konstantine Gamsakhurdia – The Smile of Dionysus
 * David Garnett – The Sailor's Return
 * William Gerhardie – The Polyglots
 * André Gide – Les faux-monnayeurs
 * Ellen Glasgow – Barren Ground
 * Maxim Gorky
 * The Artamonov Business (Дело Артамоновых)
 * Stories of 1922–1924 (Рассказы 1922–1924 годов)
 * Thea von Harbou – Metropolis
 * L.P. Hartley – Simonetta Perkins
 * Ernest Hemingway – In Our Time (short stories)
 * DuBose Heyward – Porgy
 * Sydney Horler – The Ball of Fortune
 * Aldous Huxley – Those Barren Leaves
 * Mikheil Javakhishvili – Jaqo's Dispossessed (ჯაყოს ხიზნები)
 * Franz Kafka (died 1924) – The Trial (Der Process, written 1914–15)
 * Sinclair Lewis – Arrowsmith
 * Anita Loos – Gentlemen Prefer Blondes
 * Marie Belloc Lowndes
 * Some Men and Women
 * Bread of Deceit
 * Compton Mackenzie – Coral
 * W. Somerset Maugham – The Painted Veil
 * Thomas Mofolo – Chaka
 * Eugenio Montale – Ossi di seppia
 * Liam O'Flaherty – The Informer
 * E. Phillips Oppenheim – Gabriel Samara, Peacemaker
 * Baroness Orczy
 * The Miser of Maida Vale
 * A Question of Temptation
 * William Plomer – Turbott Wolfe
 * Gene Stratton-Porter – The Keeper of the Bees
 * Marcel Proust – Albertine disparue
 * Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo – L'Aube rouge (The Red Dawn) is written
 * Henry Handel Richardson (Et Florence Robertson) – The Way Home (second part of The Fortunes of Richard Mahony)
 * William Riley – Peter Pettinger
 * Kate Roberts – O gors y bryniau (Welsh short stories)
 * Romain Rolland – Le Jeu de l'amour et de la mort (The Game of Love and Death)
 * Dorothy Scarborough – The Wind
 * Una Lucy Silberrad – The Vow of Micah Jordan
 * Gertrude Stein – The Making of Americans
 * James Stevens – Paul Bunyan
 * Cecil Street – The Paddington Mystery
 * Etsu Inagaki Sugimoto - A Daughter of the Samurai
 * Sigrid Undset – The Master of Hestviken, vol. 1: The Axe
 * Carl Van Vechten – Firecrackers. A Realistic Novel
 * Edgar Wallace
 * The Blue Hand
 * The Fellowship of the Frog
 * The Mind of Mr. J. G. Reeder
 * The Strange Countess
 * The Three Just Men
 * Hugh Walpole – Portrait of a Man with Red Hair
 * Hugo Wast – Stone Desert
 * H. G. Wells – Christina Alberta's Father
 * Edith Wharton – The Mother's Recompense
 * William Carlos Williams – In the American Grain
 * P. G. Wodehouse – Carry On, Jeeves
 * Virginia Woolf – Mrs Dalloway
 * Elinor Wylie – The Venetian Glass Nephew
 * Francis Brett Young – Sea Horses
 * Ernst Zahn – Frau Sixta

Children and young people

 * Elinor Brent-Dyer – The School at the Chalet
 * A. M. Burrage – Poor Dear Esme
 * Hugh Lofting – Doctor Dolittle's Zoo (5th in a series of 13 books)
 * L.M. Montgomery – Emily Climbs (2nd in a series of 3 books)
 * Ruth Plumly Thompson – The Lost King of Oz (19th in the Oz series overall and the fifth written by her)
 * Else Ury – Nesthäkchen With White Hair (Nesthäkchen im weißen Haar)

Drama

 * J. R. Ackerley – The Prisoners of War
 * Arnolt Bronnen – The Bird of Youth (Geburt der Jugend)
 * Mikhail Bulgakov – Zoyka's Apartment (written)
 * Noël Coward – Hay Fever (first performed) and Fallen Angels
 * Joseph Jefferson Farjeon – Number 17
 * Federico García Lorca – The Billy-Club Puppets (Los títeres de cachiporra)
 * Patrick Hastings – The River
 * Hugo von Hofmannsthal – The Tower (Der Turm)
 * Keble Howard – Lord Babs
 * Zora Neale Hurston – Color Struck
 * George Kelly – Craig's Wife
 * John Howard Lawson – Processional
 * Ben Travers – A Cuckoo in the Nest
 * John Van Druten – Young Woodley
 * Franz Werfel – Juarez und Maximilian
 * Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz – The Beelzebub Sonata (Sonata Belzebuba)
 * Carl Zuckmayer – The Merry Vineyard (Der fröhliche Weinberg)

Poetry

 * T. S. Eliot – The Hollow Men
 * F. W. Harvey – September and Other Poems

Non-fiction

 * Max Aitken – Politicians and the Press
 * Alice Bailey – A Treatise on Cosmic Fire
 * Edwin Burtt – The Metaphysical Foundations of Modern Physical Science
 * G. K. Chesterton – The Everlasting Man
 * Maurice Halbwachs – La Mémoire collective (On Collective Memory)
 * Adolf Hitler – Mein Kampf
 * Walter Lippmann – The Phantom Public
 * Dmitry Merezhkovsky
 * The Birth of Gods: Tutankhamen in Crete (Rozhdenīe bogov: Tutankamon na Kritie)
 * The Mystery of the Three: Egypt and Babylon (Taĭna trekh: Egipet i Vavilon)
 * Arthur E. Powell – The Etheric Double and Allied Phenomena
 * Franz Roh – Nach Expressionismus – Magischer Realismus: Probleme der neuesten europäischen Malerei (After Expressionism – Magical Realism: Problems of the newest European painting)
 * George Saintsbury, ed. – The Receipt Book of Mrs. Anne Blencowe (manuscript 1694)
 * Clare Sheridan – Across Europe with Satanella (motorcycle tour)
 * J. R. R. Tolkien – "The Devil's Coach Horses"
 * Hendrik Willem van Loon – Tolerance
 * H. G. Wells – A Year of Prophesying

Anthologies

 * Alain Locke (editor) – The New Negro

Births

 * January 7 – Gerald Durrell, Indian-born British naturalist and author (died 1995)
 * January 8 – James Saunders, English dramatist (died 2004)
 * January 9 – Abdelhamid ben Hadouga, Algerian writer (died 1996)
 * January 11 – William Styron, American writer (died 2006)
 * January 14 – Yukio Mishima (三島 由紀夫, Kimitake Hiraoka), Japanese author and political activist (died 1970)
 * January 17 – Robert Cormier, American young-adult novelist (died 2000)
 * January 20 – Ernesto Cardenal, Nicaraguan Catholic priest and poet (died 2020)
 * January 26 – Miep Diekmann, Dutch writer of children's literature (died 2017)
 * February 18
 * Jack Gilbert, American poet and educator (died 2012)
 * Krishna Sobti, Indian Hindi-language fiction writer and essayist (died 2019)
 * February 20 – Alex La Guma, South African novelist and political activist (died 1985)
 * February 22
 * Edward Gorey, American illustrator and writer (died 2000)
 * Gerald Stern, American poet and academic (died 2022)
 * March 6 – Peter Whigham, English poet and translator (died 1987)
 * March 8 – Marta Lynch, Argentinian writer (died 1985)
 * March 14 – John Wain, English novelist and short-story writer (died 1994)
 * March 16 – Ismith Khan, Trinidad-born novelist (died 2002)
 * March 21 – Peter Brook, English theatre director (died 2022)
 * March 25 – Flannery O'Connor, American author (died 1964)
 * March 27 – John Bayley, Indian-born English literary critic (died 2015)
 * April 25 – Janete Clair, Brazilian television, radio play and novel writer (died 1983)
 * May 1 – Mãe Stella de Oxóssi, Brazilian Ialorixá and writer (died 2018)
 * May 4 – Beryl Te Wiata, New Zealand actor, author and scriptwriter (died 2017)
 * May 25 – Rosario Castellanos, Mexican writer (died 1974)
 * June 10 – Nat Hentoff, American historian, novelist, jazz and country music critic and syndicated columnist (died 2017)
 * June 11 – William Styron, American writer (died 2006)
 * June 15 – Attilâ İlhan, Turkish poet, novelist, essayist, journalist and reviewer (died 2005)
 * June 16 – Jean d'Ormesson, French writer (died 2017)
 * June 17 – Luce d'Eramo, Italian writer and literary critic (died 2001)
 * June 25 – John Briley, American writer (d. 2019)
 * July 4 – Ciril Zlobec, Slovene poet, writer, translator, journalist and politician (died 2018)
 * July 5 – Jean Raspail, French writer (died 2020)
 * July 13 – Huang Zongying, Chinese actress and writer (died 2020)
 * July 19 – Jean-Pierre Faye, French philosopher, poet and writer
 * July 26 – Ana María Matute, Spanish novelist (died 2014)
 * August 1 – Pam Gems, born Iris Pamela Price, English playwright (died 2011)
 * August 12
 * Donald Justice, American poet and educator (died 2004)
 * Thor Vilhjálmsson, Icelandic writer (died 2011)
 * August 17 – John Hawkes, American novelist (died 1998)
 * August 18 – Brian Aldiss, English science fiction author and editor (died 2017)
 * August 25 – Thea Astley, Australian writer (died 2004)
 * August 28
 * Philip Purser, English television critic and novelist (died 2022)
 * Arkady Strugatsky, Russian science fiction writer (died 1991)
 * September 4 – Forrest Carter, American speechwriter and author (died 1979)
 * September 6 – Andrea Camilleri, Italian novelist and playwright (died 2019)
 * October 1
 * Christine Pullein-Thompson, English children's novelist (died 2005)
 * Diana Pullein-Thompson, English children's novelist (died 2015)
 * October 1 – Abraham Louis Schneiders, Dutch writer and diplomat (died 2020)
 * October 3 – Gore Vidal, American writer (died 2012)
 * October 8 – Andrei Sinyavsky, Russian writer and dissident (died 1997)
 * October 11 – Elmore Leonard, American novelist and screenwriter (died 2013)
 * October 25 – Romek Marber, Polish-born book designer (died 2020)
 * October 26 – Jan Wolkers, Dutch writer and artist (died 2007)
 * October 29 – Dominick Dunne, American writer, investigative journalist and producer (died 2009)
 * December 19 – Tankred Dorst, German dramatist (died 2017)

Deaths

 * January 4 – Elisabeth von Heyking, German novelist, travel writer and diarist (born 1861)
 * January 27 – Friedrich von Hügel, Austrian theologian (born 1852)
 * January 31 – George Washington Cable, American writer (born 1844)
 * February 16 – Francisco Díaz-Silveira, Cuban journalist and poet (born 1871)
 * March 2 – Luigj Gurakuqi, Albanian writer and politician (born 1879)
 * March 26 – Hugo Bettauer, Austrian journalist and writer (born 1872)
 * April 7 – Gerhard Gran, Norwegian literary historian, essayist and biographer (born 1856)
 * April 8 – Emma Curtis Hopkins, American spiritual writer (born 1849)
 * May 2 – Antun Branko Šimić, Croatian poet (born 1898)
 * May 12 – Amy Lowell, American poet (born 1874)
 * May 14 – H. Rider Haggard, British adventure novelist (b. 1856)
 * June 6 – Pierre Louÿs, French poet (born 1870)
 * July 13 – Margaret Dye Ellis, American social reformer, lobbyist, and correspondent (born 1845)
 * July 15 – Mary Cholmondeley, English novelist (born 1859)
 * July 16 – Pyotr Gnedich, Russian writer (born 1855)
 * August 15 – George Barbu Știrbei, Romanian journalist, biographer and patron of the arts (born 1828)
 * September 11 – Gustav Kastropp, German poet and librettist (born 1844)
 * October 31 – José Ingenieros, Argentine positivist philosopher, essayist and physician (born 1877)
 * October 7 – Felix Liebermann, German-Jewish historian (born 1851)
 * October 27 – Darrell Figgis, Irish-born writer and politician, suicide (born 1882)
 * c. November – Percy Hetherington Fitzgerald, Irish literary biographer, drama critic and sculptor (born 1834)
 * December 5 – Władysław Reymont, Polish novelist, Nobel Prize winner (born 1867)
 * December 15 – Emma B. Alrich, American journalist, author, and educator (born 1845)
 * December 28 – Sergei Yesenin, Russian poet (born 1895)

Awards

 * James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction: Liam O'Flaherty, The Informer
 * James Tait Black Memorial Prize for biography: Geoffrey Scott, The Portrait of Zelide
 * Newbery Medal for children's literature: Charles Finger, Tales from Silver Lands
 * Nobel Prize for Literature: George Bernard Shaw (awarded in 1926)
 * Prix Goncourt: Maurice Genevoix, Raboliot
 * Pulitzer Prize for Drama: Sidney Howard, They Knew What They Wanted
 * Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: Edwin Arlington Robinson, The Man Who Died Twice
 * Pulitzer Prize for the Novel: Edna Ferber, So Big

title: 1925 in literature