text:
User talk:Nanshu/Archive001

Hello and Welcome! I hope you like the place. --mav

Welcome. Great contributions about the Manchus and China. You might find the list of China related topics useful. olivier 13:01 Feb 7, 2003 (UTC)

 * thanks. Nanshu 07:57 Feb 12, 2003 (UTC)

Hi, you might know me from editing your edits regarding Korean-related articles. Just wanted to let you know I think your neutrality seem to be compromised regarding Korea. Regards, Jeejee

Mongolian Transcription

How do you, without knowledge of Mongolian, manage to transliterate Mongolian from Chinese? They look pretty accurate to my untrained eyes. What reference material, if any, do you use? --Menchi 11:51 Feb 19, 2003 (UTC)

 * I browsed Yuanshi and made reference to Japanese works with imperfect transcription.
 * I found . I don't read or write Mongolian but I can read the Mongolian script a little, for I am learning Manchu by myself. But its ambiguity makes it hard to transliterate Mongolian writings. -- Nanshu

--

Hi, Nanshu, wellcome wikipedia. I suggest translate some words (article names from english to ja:)

domobot domotics

Regards.

-

Can you translate the Esperanto article ?? . Thanks in advance. User:Mac

 * To what language? I currently edit only the English Wikipedia. -- Nanshu 09:02 Mar 1, 2003 (UTC)

Hi, I'm wondering if you might proofread the kanji on Slogans. Id appreciate it very much. Thank you. - &#35918&#30505

 * I don't see "圍簿丗泆". What is sure is that this isn't Japanese. Anyway Kanji is a writing system, so shouldn't be dealt with on the same basis as English or German. -- Nanshu 04:41 Mar 3, 2003 (UTC)

 四人帮万岁 毛主席万岁

As you suggested, I fixed all the "X (mikado)" article names: they should now read "Emperor X of Japan" or "Empress Y of Japan". Sumimasen deshita. --Uncle Ed

O.K. Thank you. -- Nanshu 03:53 Mar 29, 2003 (UTC)

No - Ed is very very wrong. We are still talking this over at Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (names and titles). Please don't move anything until we settle this. --mav

I've just changed things back. Will we really reach consensus? -- Nanshu 05:22 Mar 29, 2003 (UTC)

 * Hopefully, but if that fails then we will have to vote. --mav

-

Nanshu,

I'm all in favour of using ō,ū and the like for Japanese romanization, but you might want to update the Naming conventions (Japanese) page first. In case of a dispute one can simply point to it to solve the problem. From the pages you changed I take that you only do it once or for Kanji romanization, but not through out the entire article, I think that should go into the naming convention page.... cheers --synthetik 05:50 Apr 25, 2003 (UTC)

I once wrote it on the Talk page of Japanese naming conventions...oops, it wasn't moved together with the meta page. -- Nanshu 01:01 Apr 26, 2003 (UTC)

--- Wouldn't mind your opinion on a revert (we have some funny editing going on!??!) .. over at History of China (see talk page). -- prat

 * My edit isn't deleted by him yet. --Nanshu 23:28 2 Jun 2003 (UTC)

---

I have copied the examples of kaibun to palindrome. I believed it belongs to the section "symmetry by characters" (previously "symmetry by letters) but Kowloonese move it to "symmetry by sound". Opinions from a person who really knows Japanese is definitely needed.  User:Wshun

I think so too. "Symmetry by sound" sounds like taking phoneme as the unit. --Nanshu 23:35 22 Jun 2003 (UTC)

What are your comments on Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (Chinese)? --Menchi 21:17 12 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Re: Gundam Seed - I added an introductory paragraph to try and save the article. I also added a note to VfD for Sept 6, aboiut moving the pieces back into the article. Since the contributer is anonymous, and you were the only positive vote in VfD, I thought to mention it here. The whole subject is so off-topic for me that I probably wont follow-up. If you're also not intersted, then I apopgize for th interruption. Lou I 18:45, 13 Sep 2003 (UTC)

Nanshu: I just found by chance an article on the Web ("Chosun vs. Han") whose wording is almost identical to your article, Korean names for Korea. (The URL is http://www.geocities.com/neue_strassenbahn/chosunhan.html ). Did you write that article, or did that Web site use the Wiki article? I am concerned because that Web site (main page: http://www.geocities.com/neue_strassenbahn/index.html ) is definitely POV. --Sewing 17:59, 11 Oct 2003 (UTC)

Hi, Nanshu: for the period in Korean history from 1910 to 1945, I suggest the more neutral term Japanese Colonial Period (Korea). There is a short discussion of it on Talk:Yalu River. Please let us know what you think. --Sewing 22:48, 15 Oct 2003 (UTC)~

Names of Japanese railway stations
Hey, Nanshu: You were correct in your early edits to capitalize the "S" in "Station" in railway station names used as article titles. (For example, the Kobe Station link in the Tokaido Main Line article, which Synthetik later changed to Kobe station.) "X Station" is a proper noun, and Naming Conventions states that the second and subsequent words should only be lowercase if the article title is not a proper noun. I guess after his edit, you followed his example and began using lower case "s"s. Anyhow, I moved Kobe station to Kobe Station this morning, BUT then I discovered there are far too many instances of "station" with a lower-case "s" for me to change them all! I reverted the change to keep everything standardized, but I thought I would let you know that you were right... I also added a comment to Naming conventions (Japanese). By the way, just so you know, I have visited Japan and am interested in Japanese cultural and social issues. I have contributed articles on the Tokaido, Nakasendo, and Central Japan Railway Company. --Sewing 17:32, 24 Oct 2003 (UTC)

 * Done! --Nanshu 03:20, 2 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Regarding "Shinobi" article on the list of Japan-related topics
Since the article Shinobi is a disambiguation page, I don't think it should be listed in the List of Japan-related topics. However, Shinobi (video game), imo, should be listed. WhisperToMe 03:27, 30 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * I list disambiguation pages in the List of Japan-related topics because I maintain the list to monitor Japan-related changes at "Related changes". --Nanshu 23:09, 2 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Korean
Hello, I am so happy that there is someone else here who likes to add info from non-english sources and I hope you will feel my solidarity with you. I noticed today you have a couple of comments which seem anti-korean. Is this the case? I would like to suggest in order not to have your intentions mistaken by any more people like my students in future that it is better to correct or add-to/augment info than to delete it arbitarily. All the best!

 * I'm not anti-Korean though I don't like their too "political" attitude toward history. --Nanshu 23:09, 2 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Hi. I'm a Korean. Actually I really hate nationalistic movements on going nowdays in three nations of East Asia. So I fully understand what you meant when you made this comment down below: "I'm not anti-Korean though I don't like their too "political" attitude toward history. --Nanshu 23:09, 2 Dec 2003 (UTC)". But I've just been going through your articles about Korea, I found you are especially interested in the history of invasions which devastated and killed cultural heritages and people of Korea. Well, I can't blame your SPECIAL interest in invasion-related matters. Looks like trying to prove something. I'm not interested in what you are really trying to. But If you want to write articles on this site to show something to the whole world, you'd better be really neutral. The thing is there's been a systematic problem. I mean many of the articles about East Asian history on the net were originally written by Japanese or Chinese historians several decades ago. And then, even Korean historians were taught by Japanese historians and didn't have their own therories and thought. Especially, Japanese historians had tried to make Korean history shorter, smaller, dependent and stagnant. It was a dark side of the age of babarous imperialism. Now, it's different. I'm not talking about normal Korean's somewhat nationalistic view on history. I'm talking about the facts and historical truth scholars have found so far.

Please take a look recently-made papers and references. And get a grip of what historians have found. (for example, paying tribute to Chinese nations didn't mean what tribute means literally. It was just a sort of diplomatic form for other countries outside of China.)

If I make you uncomfortable, I'm sorry. I'll come by later. (to email me: mmaclery@hotmail.com)

p.s Are there really people now who insist "We are Bohai people" in China? I don't think so. Plus, What do you think about Chinese 'NATIONAL' project to make all the histories of ethnic minorities tributary to Han China just for political stability? They are USING history just as a tool of politics just like Japanese historians did once. I can't find any identity and purity as historian.

Hi. mmaclery again. I've just been to you web site in Geocities (http://www.geocities.com/neue_strassenbahn/index.html). I agree with some of your opinions, not all of them, (actually I am sick and tired with the people who's insisting Korea is the home of all culture sort of S*** too.) but I could see your POV on Korea clearly. You know, every countury has same crazy kinda people. I guess you are a Japanese, and I've seen some of Japanese have exactly same kind of insanity. Japan was built in 660BC? At that time Yayoi boat people didn't even reached to the Japanese archipelago. It's a legend just like Dangun story (actually most of Korean historians trace Go-Joseon back to between 10-15 centuries BC. And It looks like true because of the dolmens and bronze-age artifacts discovered in Korean penninsula and Liadong.). Be fair.

Hi Nanshu,

I wrote you a message on wiktionary regarding how your bot works. I'm trying to resurrect my php bot script, but it doesn't seem to work anymore with the new wiki server software.Polyglot 22:24, 19 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Ah, thanks, I looked it up and manju is indeed Manchu for Manchu. Where did you find out that Hong Taiji is Manchu for Huang Taiji? I couldn't find Hong Taiji anywhere on the web (English pages, though) and it looks like a Sinicized form to me. --Xiaopo's Talk 04:07, Jan 10, 2004 (UTC)

I found the name Hong Taiji when I was learning the Manchu language. That name was completely blacked out in Manwen Laotang and some other Manchu documents to avoid discourtesy. I don't know its origin but I think it had something to do with Khong Tayiji. BTW, do you know why he is sometimes called Abahai? This is my old question. --Nanshu 04:04, 11 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Nanshu, thanks for clarifying the Japan article. I couldn't tell if this guy was a vandal or not until he started adding "Clown Prince" to things. I've reverted most, but I would suggest checking the other articles he modified just to make sure things are OK.  Fuzheado 02:54, 14 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Thanks, I will do some checking. --Nanshu 00:33, 15 Jan 2004 (UTC)

With regard to Abahai, I have a reference to Giovanni Stary, "The emperor 'Abahai': Analysis of a Historical Mistake," Central Asiatic Journal, 28, Nos. 3-4 (1984), pp. 296-9 but I don't know anything about the topic myself (flipping casually through http://assets.cambridge.org/0521243343/sample/0521243343WS.pdf).

Mgmei 23:06, 3 Feb 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nanshu/Archive001


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Bodø

Bodø ( Bådåddjo, Bodö) is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway, with a population of approx. 54,000 people. It is part of the traditional region of Salten. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Bodø (which is also the capital of Nordland county). Some of the notable villages in Bodø include Misvær, Skjerstad, Saltstraumen, Løding, Løpsmarka, Kjerringøy, Sørvær, and Fenes.

The municipality of Bodø is located just north of the Arctic Circle and the town of Bodø is the largest urban area and town in Nordland county, and the second largest town in North Norway. The 1395 km2 municipality is the 66th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Bodø is the 19th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 53,259. The municipality's population density is 40.6 PD/km2 and its population has increased by 8.2% over the previous 10-year period.

Bodø was named one of the European Capitals of Culture for 2024. It is also home to football club Bodø/Glimt, the northernmost club to win a European national league competition (namely Eliteserien, the championship of Norway).

History
The village of Bodø was granted township status in 1816 and soon after, in 1818, it was known for the Bodø affair, smuggling by British merchants that later were compensated by Norway. The town of Bodø was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). On 1 January 1938, a part of the neighboring municipality of Bodin (population: 559) was transferred into the town of Bodø. On 1 January 1959, another part of Bodin (population: 1,303) was transferred into Bodø.

During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1968, the town of Bodø (population: 14,252) was merged with the municipality of Bodin (population: 13,323) and this created the much larger Bodø Municipality. On 1 January 1984, the Tårnvika and Øygården areas (population: 22) northeast of the village of Kjerringøy in Sørfold Municipality was transferred to Bodø. On 1 January 2005, the entire municipality of Skjerstad was merged into the municipality of Bodø.

World War II
Most of the town of Bodø was destroyed during a Luftwaffe attack on 27 May 1940. Of the 6,000 people living in Bodø, 3,500 lost their homes in the attack. Fifteen people died during the air attack (two British soldiers and 13 Norwegians).

Due to the acute lack of housing, the Swedish Government helped build 107 apartments in the winter of 1941. These houses were built tightly together just outside the town. This small area, today in the heart of Bodø, is still called Svenskebyen ("the Swedish Town"). The town was subsequently rebuilt after the war. The rebuilding ended in 1959 with the completion of the new town hall. German shipping in and around Bodø was attacked in October 1943 in Operation Leader.

Off Bodø the submarine HMS Syrtis was lost on or around 28 March 1944 with all hands. Her location is currently unknown.

Toponymy
The municipality is named after the old Bodøgård farm (Boðvin), since the town was built on its ground. The first element might be boði which means "sunken rock" or "skerry" and the last element is which means "meadow" or "pasture". The last element may have been misunderstood as which means "island" (and written with the Danish language form ø).

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was first approved in 1889. It showed a midnight sun above a boat on the sea in front of a mountain range. The current version which is a simplified, modern version of the old arms was granted on 24 July 1959. The official blazon is "Gules, a sun Or" (På rød bunn en gull sol). This means the arms have a red field (background) and the charge is a sun. The sun has a tincture of Or which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. The sun was chosen since Bodø was the first town in Northern Norway, and it experiences the midnight sun every year. The arms were designed by Hallvard Trætteberg.

Geography

The municipality lies just north of the Arctic Circle where the midnight sun is visible from 1 June to 13 July. Due to atmospheric refraction, there is no true polar night in Bodø, but because of the mountains south of Bodø, the sun is not visible in parts of the municipality from early December to early January. The average number of sun-hours in Bodø is highest in June with a daily average of 22.1 hours.

Amongst the strongest tidal currents in the world, with water speeds reaching 22 knots, is Saltstraumen, situated about 30 km southeast of Bodø. The village of Kjerringøy is a well preserved old trading village on the coast about 40 km north of the town of Bodø. With its scenic setting and authentic buildings, several movies have been shot at this little port, including Benoni og Rosa (based on Knut Hamsun's novel), I am Dina, and Telegrafisten.

Skjerstad Fjord in the eastern part of Bodø passes through the Saltstraumen into the Saltfjorden. The Saltfjorden then flows west into the Vestfjorden. Lakes in the region include Fjærvatnet, Gjømmervatnet, Heggmovatnet, Soløyvatnet, Valnesvatnet, and Vatnvatnet.

There are also several islands and island groups in Bodø. The islands of Straumøya and Knaplundsøya are in the Saltfjorden. Several bridges connect these islands to the mainland: Åselistraumen Bridge, Indre Sunnan Bridge, and Saltstraumen Bridge. The islands of Landegode, Helligvær, Bliksvær, and Karlsøyvær all lie in the Vestfjorden. Several lighthouses are also located out in the Vestfjorden: Bjørnøy Lighthouse, Grytøy Lighthouse, Landegode Lighthouse, Nyholmen Lighthouse, and Tennholmen Lighthouse.

Climate
Bodø features a humid continental climate (Dfb) or, if the original Köppen winter threshold of -3 °C is used, an oceanic climate (Cfb) in the 1991–2020 base period. Bodø is the northernmost city in the world and the only one inside the Arctic Circle with a temperate four-season climate (not a subarctic climate). At the same latitude but further east in Scandinavia, some of the coldest and most continental areas in the region are found, making a sharp contrast with Bodø. The weather in Bodø depends on weather patterns; long-lasting weather patterns with Atlantic lows bringing rain and overcast skies. This can occur in all seasons, but so can sunny weather with Highs over Northern Scandinavia and Western Russia. The spring month May has ranged from 129 sunhours in 1964 to 322 sunhours in May 1981; in July recorded sunhours have ranged from just 48 sunhours in 1984 (the cloudiest recorded summer month) to 344 sunhours in July 2003, and October has ranged from 10 to 103 sunhours (sun recorded 1961–2005). The "midnight sun" is above the horizon from 1 June to 14 July (44 days), and the period with continuous daylight lasts a bit longer. In spite of having midnight sun, Bodø still lacks true polar nights as the sun is barely above the horizon at noon on the darkest days in December due to atmospheric refraction, but being very low it is usually blocked by mountains or stays too weak to register. Daylength increases from less than two hours at the start of January to 6 hours on 31 January, and then to nearly 10 hours by late February. By mid-April daylength is approaching 16 hours, reaching 24 hours on 1 June. Snow cover during winter varies, and is often sparse or lacking in the city center, while being more reliable only slightly inland or at some altitude. The largest recorded snow depth at the airport is 90 cm in February 1976. Located on a peninsula in the Norwegian Sea, Bodø is known to be a city with potential for strong winds, both from southwest and east.

The all-time low of -18.5 °C was recorded in February 1966, which was the coldest month on record with a mean of -8.9 °C. The all-time high of 30.7 °C was set in July 2019, while July 2014 was the warmest month with a 24-hr mean of 17.3 °C and average daily high of 21.6 °C. The warmest night recorded was 29 June 1972 with overnight low of 21.7 °C. The average date for the last overnight freeze (low below 0 °C) in spring is 5 May and average date for first freeze in autumn is 12 October (1981–2010 average) giving a frost-free season of 159 days. The driest month on record was January 2014 with no precipitation at all, while the wettest was September 2009 with 293 mm. Recent decades have seen warming, and there has been no overnight air frost in June since 1981.

The Helligvær islands northwest of mainland Bodø are slightly more oceanic with all winter months above freezing and a cooler summer (a subpolar oceanic Cfc climate in the Köppen classification). As the islands are more exposed to the sea (North Atlantic Drift), they are a little more similar to that of Røst.

This is an earlier climate normal at Bodø Airport. This normal shows a slightly cooler average annual temperature, less sunshine hours and less precipitation but more precipitation days.

Nature
Besides Saltstraumen, the municipality of Bodø has much wilderness for hikers. About 10 km north of the town of Bodø lies the popular recreation area Geitvågen. The area is inhabited by a large number of white-tailed eagles. Sjunkhatten National Park is partly located in Bodø municipality, and there are also 17 nature reserves. Sundstraumlian nature reserve has undisturbed mixed forest with marble bedrock, Skånland with coastal pine forest, Børvatnet protecting a birch forest with many orchids, and Bliksvær nature reserve with well-preserved coastal nature of many types and a rich bird life, making it a Ramsar site as well.

Government
All municipalities in Norway are responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Salten og Lofoten District Court and the Hålogaland Court of Appeal.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Bodø is made up of 39 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Mayors
The mayors of Bodø:

 * 1838–1841: Severin Frederich Holmer
 * 1842–1842: Melchior Koch
 * 1843–1843: Mads Mortensen
 * 1844–1844: Johan Tønnessen
 * 1844–1845: Mads Mortensen
 * 1846–1846: Jakob Lorentz Bar Tohrsen
 * 1846–1847: Joachim Andreas Koht
 * 1847–1850: Jakob Lorentz Bar Tohrsen
 * 1850: Severin Frederich Holmer
 * 1851: Melchior Koch
 * 1852: Berent Pettersen
 * 1853: Lorentz Wittrup Lied
 * 1854: Stig Othard Arntzen
 * 1855: Jens Width
 * 1856: Ole M. Groth
 * 1857: Stig Othard Arntzen
 * 1858: Jens Cornelius Koch
 * 1859: Ole M. Groth
 * 1860: Jens Cornelius Koch
 * 1861: Vilhelm Bernhard Jentoft
 * 1862: Carl Jakhelln
 * 1863: Hans H. Koch
 * 1864: Stig Othard Arntzen
 * 1865: Ole M. Groth
 * 1866: Christian Albrigt Jakhelln
 * 1867: Ole M. Groth
 * 1868: Christian Albrigt Jakhelln
 * 1869–1870: Jens Cornelius Koch
 * 1871: Carl Jakhelln
 * 1871: Vilhelm Bernhard Jentoft
 * 1872: Ole M. Groth
 * 1872–1875: Christian H. Mathiesen
 * 1875–1877: Rasmus Theisen
 * 1878: Jens Cornelius Koch
 * 1879: Rasmus Theisen
 * 1880: Jens Cornelius Koch
 * 1881–1882: Reinholdt Gram Breien
 * 1883: Otto Koch
 * 1884: Reinholdt Gram Breien
 * 1885: Otto Koch
 * 1886: Jakob Hansen
 * 1887: Jacob Olsen Vig
 * 1887–1889: Rasmus Schjølberg
 * 1890: Thor Grøner
 * 1891: Christian Albrigt Jakhelln
 * 1892: Rasmus Schjølberg
 * 1893: Otto Koch
 * 1894: Rasmus Schjølberg
 * 1895: Otto Koch
 * 1895: Bertrand Gundersen
 * 1896: Rasmus Schjølberg
 * 1897: Bertrand Gundersen
 * 1898: Rasmus Schjølberg
 * 1899–1900: Christian Jakhelln
 * 1901: Haakon Evjenth
 * 1902: Christian Jakhelln
 * 1903: Rasmus Schjølberg
 * 1903–1904: Oskar Thue
 * 1905–1907: Arnt Angell
 * 1908–1910: Christian Jakhelln
 * 1911–1912: Johan Lund
 * 1913–1913: Martin Christoffersen
 * 1914–1915: Ole Kristian Pedersen Bakken
 * 1916: Haakon Evjenth
 * 1917: Christian Jakhelln
 * 1918: Ole Kristian Pedersen Bakken
 * 1919: Christian Jakhelln
 * 1923–1925: Ove Christian O. Owe
 * 1926–1928: Haakon Evjenth
 * 1929–1931: Johannes Høyer (H)
 * 1932–1934: Haakon Koch (H)
 * 1935–1937: Magnus Fische (H)
 * 1938–1940: Haakon Koch (H)
 * 1941–1943: Peder Johannes Seglem (NS)
 * 1943–1945: Hans Kristensen (NS)
 * 1945–1945: Haakon Koch (H)
 * 1946–1948: Leif Aune
 * 1948–1949: Morten Olsen
 * 1950–1961: Birger Hals (Ap)
 * 1962–1967: Olav Hagen (Ap)
 * 1968–1969: Birger Hals (Ap)
 * 1970–1971: Henry Forsaa (Ap)
 * 1972–1975: Olav Hagen (Ap)
 * 1976–1978: Gunhild Støver (H)
 * 1978–1983: Roar Nøstvik (H)
 * 1984–1995: Per Pettersen (Ap)
 * 1995–1999: Oddleif Olavsen (H)
 * 1999–2011: Odd-Tore Fygle (Ap)
 * 2011–2015: Ole-Henrik Hjartøy (H)
 * 2015–2023: Ida Maria Pinnerød (Ap)
 * 2023–present: Odd Emil Ingebrigtsen (H)

Transportation
Bodø is heavily connected in the transport network in Norway.

Rail transport
Bodø Station serves as the northern terminus of the Nordland Line that runs south to Trondheim, where it connects to the rest of the Norwegian rail network. It isn't the northernmost station though, with Tverrlandet Station being the northernmost station of the Nordland Line and Narvik Station, terminal of the Ofoten Line, being the northernmost station in the whole of Norway. The Ofoten Line, however, doesn't have a connection to the rest of Norway's railway network, thus making Bodø also the northern terminus of the central Norwegian railway system. If F7 and R75 are counted together, there are 10 daily services to Fauske, 7 daily services to Rognan, 4 daily services to Mosjøen, and 2 daily services to Trondheim on a typical weekday. On weekends, there are only 3 daily services of the F7 and one daily service of the R75.

Bus traffic
Bodø is served by several bus lines to various destinations. Inside Bodø, there is a bus network with 4 lines, serving as public transport in Bodø, and 4 long-distance bus lines connecting to different parts of the country. Notable is line 100, which connects to Narvik, where it is possible to change onto trains of the Ofoten line towards Sweden at Narvik Station.

Ferries
Bodø is an important ferry port, connecting to several other parts of Norway.

It is serviced by the Ferry Bodø – Røst – Værøy – Moskenes by operator Torghatten Nord.

Nordland Fylkeskommune operates the Hurtigbåt services from the city center terminal. Hurtigbåt services go to Sandnessjøen, Svolvær, Væran, and Gildeskål

Additionally, Bodø is a stop on the renowned Hurtigruten (Kystruten Bergen-Kirkenes) Norwegian coastal ferry line and sees daily services towards Bergen and Kirkenes by operator Hurtigruten AS or Havila Kystruten, who jointly run the Kystruten service between Bergen and Kirkenes.

Air Travel
Bodø Airport lies just south of the city centre and was opened in 1952. The airport is run by Avinor. It served 1,733,330 passengers in 2015 and is the site of Bodø Air Traffic Control Center. It is served regularly by SAS (Scandinavian Airlines), Norwegian Air Shuttle and Widerøe. The airline Widerøe has its head office in Bodø.

Institutions
The main campus of Nord University is located 10 km outside the city centre. Twelve thousand undergraduate and graduate students study at the university.

Bodø is the location of the only police academy in Norway outside Oslo. The Norwegian Civil Aviation Authority is situated in Bodø, as is the Joint Rescue Coordination Centre of Northern Norway. The Norwegian Armed Forces headquarters for North Norway is located at Reitan, east of the city. The main hospital is Nordlandssykehuset HF, which has local, regional, and national areas of responsibility. SB Nordlandsbuss has its headquarters in Bodø, as does Bodø Energi and Nordlandsbanken.

The largest shopping centre in Nordland, City Nord, is located in the town of Bodø.

Military
Bodø has a long history with the Norwegian Armed Forces, and especially the Royal Norwegian Air Force (RNoAF). The Norwegian Armed Forces Joint Operational Headquarters are located at Reitan, east of Bodø. Parts of NATO air forces attending the annual Cold Response are stationed at Bodø Main Air Station. Bodø MAS was a major Norwegian military air base, housing two-thirds of Norway's F-16 fighter force and two of RNoAFs SAR Sea Kings. In January 2022, the F-16s were retired from service, significantly reducing the importance of Bodø as an air station. Bodin Leir located near the air station was an RNoAF recruit school including Norwegian Advanced Surface to Air Missile System personnel and a national response unit. The base was central during the Cold War due to its strategic location and proximity to the Soviet Union. It would have been vital in the build-up of NATO air and land forces to defend Norway, and thus the entire northern flank of NATO, in a war with the Warsaw Pact. It could also have been used as a forward base for American bombers. Now Bodin Leir is an camp to house military personnel for The Norwegian Joint Headquarters and Bodø Main Air Station.

Bodø has a street named General Fleischer's Gate in honour of Carl Gustav Fleischer.

Bodø received international attention during the U-2 Crisis in May 1960, when it became known that the American U-2 pilot Gary Powers had been shot down over the Soviet Union on his way from Pakistan to Bodø.

Culture

Bodø's local newspapers are the Avisa Nordland and the on-line newspaper BodøNu.

The Norwegian Aviation Museum and The Nordland Museum are located in Bodø. The Nordland Museum (Nordlandsmuseet) consists of 18 smaller museums, which are located in different cities in the Nordland region. The main Nordland Museum institution is the Bodø City Museum, where the museum administration has its headquarters. The Bodø City Museum has four permanent exhibitions: The Lofoten Fisheries, a Sami exhibit, a Viking treasure, and an exhibition about Bodø's history from 1816 to 2000. In addition, the most recent smaller institution to open as part of the Nordland Museum was The Norwegian Jekt Trade Museum. It opened in 2019, and is located just outside of the city centre.

The Bodø Cathedral was built in 1956, representing post-war architecture, whereas the Bodin Church just outside the city centre dates from the 13th century, representing a typical medieval stone church.

The new cultural centre "Stormen" (the storm) was opened in 2014. It contains a library, a concert hall and theatre. The building was designed by Daniel Rosbottom and David Howarth from London-based DRDH Architects. The official art projects in Stormen were curated by KORO.

Bodø is host to the cultural festivals Nordland Musikkfestuke, Parkenfestivalen and the Opptur festival every summer, as well as the free and volunteer-based Bodø Hardcore Festival in early winter. The avant-garde and experimental contemporary music festival Nødutgangfestivalen has been held annually since 2006.

Fram Kino was the first cinema in Norway, opening in 1908.

Churches
The Church of Norway has six parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Bodø. It is part of the Bodø domprosti (arch-deanery) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland.

Sports
Bodø's main professional team is the football club Bodø/Glimt, playing in Eliteserien, the top division of football in Norway, of which they are the current champions and currently playing in the 2022-23 UEFA Europa League.

In addition to Bodø/Glimt, Bodø has had several teams at national top level, including Grand Bodø (women's football), Junkeren (women's handball) and Bodø HK (men's handball).

The most well-known sporting arena in Bodø is Aspmyra Stadion, which in addition to being the home of Bodø/Glimt has hosted one international match. Also, the multi-purpose indoor Bodø Spektrum, contains full-size football and handball courts, as well as several swimming and bathing facilities.

The town is also home of Bodø Barbarians, a leading rugby league team.

Public service

 * Paul Steenstrup Koht (1844–1892), an educator and politician with a penchant for Greek and Roman poetry
 * Christian Albrecht Jakhelln (1863–1945), a businessperson and politician who served as Mayor
 * Johannes J. Johannessen (1872–1915), a United States Navy sailor who received the Medal of Honor
 * Ole Mikal Kobbe (1881–1955), a Norwegian military officer and politician
 * Sigmund Olaf Plytt Mowinckel (1884 in Kjerringøy – 1965), a professor, theologian, and biblical scholar
 * Tore Gjelsvik (1916–2006), a geologist, polar explorer, and a role in the Norwegian resistance
 * Jon Tørset (born 1940), a Norwegian politician who served as county mayor of Nordland from 1999–2007
 * Tor Berger Jørgensen (born 1945), the Bishop of the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland from 2006–2015
 * Ann-Helen Fjeldstad Jusnes (born 1956), the Bishop of the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland since 2016
 * Torild Skogsholm (born 1959), a politician and director of the Oslo tram company Oslo Sporvognsdrift
 * Marie Simonsen (born 1962), a Norwegian journalist and political editor of Dagbladet
 * Vidar Helgesen (born 1968), a Norwegian diplomat and politician
 * Tom Cato Karlsen (born 1974), a politician, anesthesiologist, and County Governor of Nordland

The arts

 * Adelsteen Normann (1848–1918), a Norwegian painter who worked in Berlin
 * Håkon Evjenth (1894–1951), a jurist, non-fiction writer, short-story writer, and children's writer
 * Asbjørn Toms (1915–1990), a Norwegian actor, stage director and playwright
 * Jonas Fjeld (born 1952), a Norwegian singer, songwriter, and guitarist
 * Jan Gunnar Hoff (born 1958), a Norwegian jazz pianist, composer, arranger, and professor
 * Morten Abel (born 1962), a Norwegian pop artist
 * Per Sundnes (born 1966), a Norwegian journalist and talk show host
 * Susanne Lundeng (born 1969), a Norwegian traditional folk musician, fiddler, and composer
 * Endre Lund Eriksen (born 1977), a Norwegian author and politician
 * Caroline Ailin (born 1989), a Norwegian singer and songwriter based in London

Sport

 * Christian Berg (born 1978), a retired Norwegian footballer with over 320 club caps
 * Harald Berg (born 1941), a former footballer with 43 caps for Norway
 * Ørjan Berg (born 1968), a former Norwegian footballer with 383 club caps and 19 for Norway
 * Runar Berg (born 1970), a retired Norwegian footballer with 450 club caps and 5 for Norway
 * Marianne Dahlmo (born 1965), a former cross-country skier, team silver medallist at the 1988 Winter Olympics
 * Ann Cathrin Eriksen (born 1971), a former team handball player, team bronze medallist at the 2000 Summer Olympics
 * Jens Petter Hauge (born 1999), a footballer who currently plays for Belgian club K.A.A. Gent
 * Tor Helness (born 1957), a professional bridge player, now living in Monaco
 * Mini Jakobsen (born 1965 in Gravdal), a former footballer with 372 club caps and 65 for Norway
 * Anders Konradsen (born 1990), a Norwegian footballer with over 270 club caps and 8 for Norway
 * Kjell Søbak (born 1957), a former biathlete who was team silver medallist at the 1984 Summer Olympics
 * Alexander Tettey (born 1986), a Norwegian footballer with 380 club caps and 34 for Norway
 * Morten Thoresen (born 1997), a Norwegian Greco-Roman wrestler who was gold medallist at the 2020 European Wrestling Championships^
 * Martin Wiig (born 1983), a retired Norwegian footballer with 350 club caps

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Bodø


text:
Narvik

Narvik (Áhkanjárga ) is the third-largest municipality in Nordland county, Norway, by population. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Narvik. Some of the notable villages in the municipality include Ankenesstranda, Ballangen, Beisfjord, Bjerkvik, Bjørnfjell, Elvegård, Kjøpsvik, Skjomen, Håkvik, Hergot, Straumsnes, and Vidrek. The Elvegårdsmoen army camp is located near Bjerkvik.

Narvik is located on the shores of the Ofotfjorden. The municipality is part of the traditional district of Ofoten of Northern Norway, inside the Arctic Circle. Narvik Municipality borders Hamarøy Municipality to the southwest; Evenes Municipality to the northwest; Bardu Municipality, Gratangen Municipality, Lavangen Municipality, and Tjeldsund Municipality (in Troms county) to the north; and Norrbotten County (Lapland) in Sweden to the south and east.

The 3432 km2 municipality is the 10th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Narvik is the 58th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 21,515. The municipality's population density is 6.7 PD/km2 and its population has decreased by 2.2% over the previous 10-year period.

General information
The municipality of Narvik was established on 1 January 1902 when the village of Narvik received status as a proper town and was separated from the large Ankenes Municipality. Initially, the town-municipality of Narvik had 3,705 residents. On 1 January 1974, Ankenes Municipality was merged with the town-municipality of Narvik, forming a new, larger municipality of Narvik. After the merger, the new municipality of Narvik had 19,780 residents. On 1 January 1999, a small area of Narvik Municipality (population: 9) was transferred to the neighboring Evenes Municipality.

On 1 January 2020, Narvik Municipality was merged with the neighboring Ballangen Municipality and the eastern half of Tysfjord Municipality to form a new, larger Narvik Municipality. This occurred because in 2017, the municipal government agreed to the merger and the Parliament of Norway required Tysfjord to be split up.

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was adopted on 20 June 2019 for use starting on 1 January 2020 after a municipal merger. The blazon is "Azure, a mountain peak argent". This means the arms have a blue field (background) and the charge is a mountain peak. The mountain peak has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The arms were designed to look like the local mountain Stetind. The arms were designed by Eirik Djupvik.

The coat of arms was granted on 1 June 1951 and they were in use until 1 January 2020 when there was a municipal merger. The official blazon is "Gules, an anchor Or" (På rød bunn et opprett gull anker). This means the arms have a red field (background) and the charge is an anchor. The anchor has a tincture of Or which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. The anchor symbolises Narvik's status as an important port (the largest harbour in North Norway). The arms were designed by Hallvard Trætteberg.

Name
The municipality (originally the town of Narvik) is named after the old Narvik farm (Knarravík or Njarðarvík) since the town was built there. The two possible Old Norse roots have differing meanings. If it comes from Knarravík, then the meaning of the first element is the genitive plural form of or knarr which means "merchant ship". The other option is that the name is derived from Njarðarvík. In that case, the first element comes from the old pagan god name Njǫrðr. Both options share the same last element,, which means "inlet". Historically, the name was spelled Narduigh or Narvigen.

The harbour in the town of Narvik was once called Victoriahavn after Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, however Sweden's Crown Princess Victoria was also honoured.

History
The history of Narvik as a settlement began in the Bronze Age. Not very much is known about these people, but the Vikings lived in this area.

Narvik was developed as an all-year ice free port for the Swedish Kiruna and Gällivare iron mines. The history of modern Narvik begins in the 1870s, when the Swedish government began to understand the potential of the iron ore mines in Kiruna, Sweden. Obtaining iron ore from Kiruna had one significant problem in that there was no suitable Swedish port. The nearest Swedish port, Luleå, had limitations. It was covered with ice all winter, it is far from Kiruna, and it allows only medium-sized bulk freight vessels. Narvik offered a port which is ice-free thanks to the warm Gulf Stream, and is naturally large, allowing boats of virtually any size to anchor, up to 208 m long and 27 m deep. The Swedish company (Gällivarre Aktiebolag) built the Iron Ore Line (Malmbanan) to Riksgränsen on the Norway–Sweden border. The Norwegian Ofotbanen railway line connects Narvik to the Swedish border.

Swedish mining corporation LKAB still ships the majority of its ore from Narvik (a total 25 million tons a year). It is an important employer and landowner in Narvik, although its influence is not as prominent as in the past.

World War II
The port of Narvik proved to be strategically valuable in the early years of World War II and the town became a focal point of the Norwegian Campaign. In 1939, Germany's war industry depended upon iron ore mined in Kiruna and Malmberget in Sweden. During the summer season, this ore could be sent by cargo ship to Germany through the Baltic Sea via the Swedish port of Luleå on the Gulf of Bothnia. However, when the Gulf of Bothnia froze during the winter, more shipments of the ore needed to be transported through Narvik and, from there, down the west coast of Norway to Germany. The town of Narvik is linked by rail to Sweden, but not to any other towns in Norway. As a result, Narvik serves as a gateway to the ore fields of Sweden that cannot be easily reached from southern Norway via land. Winston Churchill realized that the control of Narvik meant stopping most German imports of iron ore during the winter of 1940. This would be advantageous to the Allies, and it might help shorten the war. Equally as important, later in the war, German submarines and warships based there threatened the allied supply line to the Soviet Union.

Churchill proposed laying a naval minefield in Norwegian territorial waters around Narvik (referred to as "the Leads"), or else occupying the town with Allied troops. The Allies hoped that they might be able to use an occupied Narvik as a base from which to secure the Swedish ore fields and/or to send supplies and reinforcements to Finland, then fighting the Finnish Winter War with the Soviet Union. Plans to lay a minefield around Narvik or to seize the town met with debate within the British government – since both plans would mean a violation of Norway's neutrality and sovereignty.

Finally, on 8 April 1940, the British Admiralty launched Operation Wilfred, an attempt to lay anti-shipping minefields around Narvik in Norwegian territorial waters. Coincidentally, Germany launched its invasion of Norway (Operation Weserübung) on the next day. During this invasion, ten German destroyers, each carrying 200 mountain infantry soldiers, were sent to Narvik. The outdated Norwegian coastal defence ships HNOMS Eidsvold and HNOMS Norge attempted to resist the invasion, but both Norwegian warships were sunk after a short and uneven battle. The Royal Navy quickly dispatched several ships to Narvik, including the battleship HMS Warspite (03), and during the Battles of Narvik, the British took control of the coast, destroying the German destroyers that had brought the invasion force to Narvik, as well as other German ships in the area.

On 12 April 1940, the first convoys of Allied soldiers were sent under Major-General Pierse Joseph Mackesy to Narvik. The Admiralty urged Mackesy to conduct an assault on Narvik from the sea as soon as possible. However, Mackesy believed that the German harbour defences were too strong for such an invasion to take place. The Admiralty argued that a naval bombardment of Norway would enable the troops to land safely, but General Mackesy refused to subject Norwegian citizens to such a bombardment, and instead he chose to land his troops near Narvik and wait until the snow melted to take over the town.

Coordinated by the Norwegian General Carl Gustav Fleischer, Norwegian, French, Polish, and British forces recaptured Narvik on 28 May 1940. This is also considered the first Allied infantry victory in World War II. However, by that time, the Allies were losing the Battle of France and the evacuation from Dunkirk was underway. Since the Nazi German invasion of France had made Scandinavia largely irrelevant, and since the valuable troops assigned to Narvik were badly needed elsewhere, the Allies withdrew from Narvik on 8 June 1940 in Operation Alphabet. The same day, while operating in the Narvik area, the German battleships GERMAN BATTLESHIP Scharnhorst and GERMAN BATTLESHIP Gneisenau sank the British aircraft carrier HMS Glorious during the withdrawal from this battle. Without support from the Allied naval task force, the Norwegians were outnumbered, and they had to lay down their arms in Norway on 10 June 1940. This was not a complete capitulation, since the Norwegians kept on fighting guerrilla operations inland.

Possession of the Ofotfjord was also important to the German Kriegsmarine (navy) since it provided a refuge for warships like the "pocket battleship" GERMAN CRUISER Lützow and the battleship GERMAN BATTLESHIP Tirpitz outside the range (at the time) of air attacks from Scotland. Also, possibly U-boats could be based at Narvik.

Government
The municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Midtre Hålogaland District Court and the Hålogaland Court of Appeal.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Narvik is made up of 31 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Mayors
The mayors of Narvik:

 * 1902–1902: Ole Martinussen
 * 1903–1903: Nils Astrup
 * 1904–1904: Statius Mosling
 * 1905–1905: Ole Martinussen
 * 1906–1907: Statius Mosling
 * 1908–1908: Edvard Kristiansen
 * 1909–1910: Karl Kristian Høiem
 * 1911–1911: Rolf Jacobsen (V)
 * 1912–1913: Albert Zintzen
 * 1914–1921: Julius Bastian Olsen (Ap)
 * 1922–1922: Einar Wexelsen (V)
 * 1923–1927: Julius Bastian Olsen (Ap)
 * 1929–1930: Hans Kisen (Ap)
 * 1934–1940: Theodor Broch (Ap)
 * 1940-1945: Occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany
 * 1945–1945: Theodor Broch (Ap)
 * 1945–1949: Alfred Nilsen (Ap)
 * 1949–1953: Odd Finseth (Ap)
 * 1953–1967: Sverre Øvergård (Ap)
 * 1968–1973: Arne Kristian Meedby (Ap)
 * 1974–1979: Edgar Sneve (Ap)
 * 1980–1987: Roald Sandvoll (Ap)
 * 1988–1999: Odd G. Andreassen (Ap)
 * 2000–2007: Olav Sigurd Alstad (Ap)
 * 2007–2011: Karen Margrethe Kuvaas (Ap)
 * 2011–2015: Tore Nysæter (H)
 * 2015–present: Rune Edvardsen (Ap)

Geography
The municipality of Narvik covers large areas outside the town itself. Some of the other settlements in the municipality are Bjerkvik (located at the head of the Herjangsfjord), Håkvik, Beisfjord (along the Beisfjorden) and Skjomen. The eastern part, towards the border with Sweden, is dominated by mountains, and Storsteinfjellet reaches 1894 m. There are also valleys and lakes, including the lakes Gautelisvatnet, Hartvikvatnet, Indre Sildvikvatnet, Iptojávri, Kjårdavatnet, Lossivatnet, Sealggajávri and Unna Guovdelisjávri.

The town itself is situated near the innermost part of the deep Ofotfjorden, but even here the mountains, going almost straight up from the blue fjord, reach as high as 1700 m in Skjomen, where the glacier Frostisen can be seen. Other fjords in Narvik include Skjomen, Beisfjorden, Herjangsfjorden, and Rombaken.

Forests cover the lower parts of the mountains (below 500 metres), but near the summits, the snow can stay most of the summer. Narvik has well prepared slopes for alpine skiing, some of which end almost in the town centre.

Climate
Narvik features a boreal climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfc) with mild winters for this climate type, or a subpolar oceanic climate (Cfc), depending on winter threshold (0 °C as used in the US or -3 °C as in the original classification). It is close to a humid continental climate due to a mild September. As Narvik is 220 km inside the Arctic Circle, the climate is very mild for the latitude. The mountains surrounding the town give shelter from some of the strong winds typical for coastal areas, but the easterlies can be strong with especially strong wind gusts. The all-time high 32.5 °C was set 9 July 2014. July 2014 is warmest month on record with mean 18.7 °C and average daily high 24.7 °C. The all-time low -22.3 °C was recorded on 1 February 1980. Coldest month on record is February 1966 with mean -10.7 °C and average daily low -13.2 °C. The average date for the first overnight freeze in autumn when the low goes below -0 °C is October 13 (1981-2010).

The light varies considerably in Narvik since the sun is below the horizon from late November until mid-January; when there is only a bluish light for a few hours around noon. The mountains surrounding the town in reality extend this period from early November until the end of January. The light is often intense in March and April, with long daylight hours and snow cover since the snow melts in lowland areas in April, but stays in the mountains for several months. The "midnight sun" is above the horizon from 25 May to 20 July (57 days), and the period with continuous daylight lasts a bit longer, from approximately 10 May to the end of July, polar night from 5 December to 6 January (33 days). There is also a transitional period with twilight in the night, so it is not possible to see any stars at night from the last days of April until early August.

Economy
The town of Narvik is a commercial centre for some of the neighbouring municipalities. Narvik University College has approximately 1,200 students. There are some high-tech businesses in Narvik (among them Natech ) and the largest research institute in Northern Norway, Norut Narvik.

Narvik was one of the first areas in the world to be affected by the financial crisis of 2007–2008. It lost the equivalent of US$ million in August 2007 after it invested in Citigroup securities. As the Norwegian government refused to bail them out, Narvik was forced to implement severe budget cuts.

Recreation and tourism
Narvik has access to numerous outdoor activities. This is the best known location in northern Norway for alpine skiing.

There are lifts, and several of the slopes are floodlit. There is also a cable car to Fagernesfjellet, with a view and the possibility to walk even higher up in the mountains. Narvik Winter Festival (Vinterfestuka) takes place in early March. Mountain hiking is very popular in the area, and the mountain area near the Swedish border has several places of accommodation. A signed mountain bike route is also available. Wreck diving attracts divers to Narvik, as there are a lot of wrecks in or near the harbour, and more spread out in the fjord. Fishing in the fjord or in lakes and streams is a popular leisure activity. There are salmon rivers in Skjomen, Beisfjord and Bjerkvik.

Port
The port of Narvik is ice-free and well protected from the weather. The port consists of three waterfront sections: LKAB bulk port, central port area with piers and deep-water harbor at Fagernes with intermodal facilities. Approximately 16000000 t of cargo are annually shipped from the ports of Narvik. By 2015, the port had handled 1.1 billion tonnes of ore. Most of this iron ore. In 2015 the port installed a pier with 18 suction cups to moor ships, expected to save 40 minutes of mooring time. Each cup is 2x2 meters.

Port Authorities have initiated an expansion of the container area of approximately 45000 m2, which is more than twice what Norway's largest terminal in Oslo today handles. In 2005, the port of Narvik got status as Motorways of the Sea in the EU-system. In Norway, Oslo is the only city which has this status in addition to the town of Narvik.

Rail
A present and historical key to land transportation to Narvik is the Ofoten Line railway from northern Sweden across the mountains to this port town. Goods like iron ore shipped via this railroad make Narvik an important seaport. The railway has stops at Bjørnfjell Station, Katterat Station, Søsterbekk Station, and Narvik Station.

Because of the extreme terrain there, there are no railways northwards from Narvik or south to Bodø, Norway, which is at the northern end of the rest of Norway's rail network. However, it is possible to reach Narvik by way of an approximately twenty-hour 1540 km train journey through the Swedish rail system from Stockholm using the Iron Ore Line.

The activity related to the railway and large port facilities are still important in Narvik, and goods to and from North Norway, Sweden, and Finland are often distributed via Narvik. In the proposed project called the "Northern East West Freight Corridor" portion of the Eurasian Land Bridge, there are plans for using Narvik as a port for goods from East Asia bound for eastern North America. The reason is that the railway and ocean distances using this route are shorter than through central Europe to Western European ports.

Road
European route E6 crosses through the municipality using three bridges: Skjomen Bridge, Beisfjord Bridge and Hålogaland Bridge. There is also the Rombak Bridge used for E6 until 2018. There are road connections from Narvik across the mountains eastwards to Abisko and Kiruna, Sweden (via European route E10). One Narvik citizen lets other citizens use his Tesla cars at will.

Air
Narvik is served by Harstad/Narvik Airport, Evenes which is 57 km by road from Narvik and has regular flights to Oslo, Trondheim, Bodø, Tromsø and Andenes.

Culture
The Narvik War Museum (Narvik Krigsmuseum) covers the war years 1940–1945. The museum displays the Victoria Cross awarded posthumously to Captain Bernard Warburton-Lee of the British Royal Navy and a rare German Enigma coding machine.

Museum Nord - Narvik tells of the development of the ice-free harbour of Narvik and the rapid transformation of the town over the past century. The building that houses Museum Nord - Narvik was erected in 1902 as the head office of the Norwegian state railway company, Norges statsbaner and was designed by architect, Paul Due.

Churches
The Church of Norway has four parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Narvik. It is part of the Ofoten prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland.

Notable people

 * Theodor Broch (1904–1998) a lawyer and politician, Mayor of Narvik 1934 to 1946, except during WWII
 * Helge Mehre MBE DSO DFC (1911–1997) a Norwegian military officer
 * Fredrik Kiil (1921–2015) a Norwegian physician, improved the artificial kidney
 * Cissi Klein (1929 in Narvik – 1943 in Auschwitz) a Norwegian Jewish girl, victim of the Holocaust
 * Dr. Jan Paulsen (born 1935) a Seventh-day Adventist Church leader, past president of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists
 * Jack Berntsen (1940–2010) a Norwegian philologist, songwriter and folk singer
 * Thorgeir Stubø (1943–1986) a jazz musician and composer, had a family of jazz musicians
 * Terje Bjørklund (born 1945) a jazz pianist and composer
 * Gro Brækken (born 1952) a businessperson, has chaired several public bodies
 * Lise Haavik (born 1962) a Danish/Norwegian singer, sang at the 1986 Eurovision Song Contest
 * Anne Rydning (born 1965) Colonel in the Norwegian army, the first female Army chief in Afghanistan
 * Vibeke Larsen (born 1971 in Vassdalen) a Norwegian Sami politician

Sport

 * Per Willy Guttormsen (born 1942) a former speed skater, competed in the 1964, 1968 and 1972 Winter Olympics
 * Thomas Hafstad (born 1974) a retired Norwegian footballer, 239 games for Tromsø IL
 * Ragnhild Gulbrandsen (born 1977) a journalist and former football striker with 80 caps for Norway
 * Marit Røsberg Jacobsen (born 1994) a Norwegian handball player

Twin towns – sister cities
Narvik is twinned with:

 * 🇷🇸 Kikinda, Serbia
 * 🇷🇺 Kingisepp, Russia
 * 🇸🇪 Kiruna, Sweden
 * 🇵🇱 Nowy Sącz, Poland
 * 🇫🇮 Rovaniemi, Finland

title: Narvik


text:
Bindal

Bindal is a municipality in the Helgeland region in the extreme southwest part of Nordland county, Norway. The administrative centre is the village of Terråk. Other villages include Bindalseidet, Holm, Vassås, Horsfjord and Åbygda.

The 1266 km2 municipality is the 81st largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Bindal is the 304th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,391. The municipality's population density is 1.2 PD/km2 and its population has decreased by 10% over the previous 10-year period.

General information
In 1838, the parish of Bindal was split into two municipalities (see formannskapsdistrikt law) because the parish included land in both the counties of Nord-Trøndelag and Nordland. The new law required that municipalities be located only in one county, so the parish was divided into two municipalities: Nordbindalen and Sørbindalen. In 1852, the county border was moved south to its current position and the municipalities of Nordbindalen and Sørbindalen were merged back together to form the municipality of Bindal. On 1 January 1964, the area around the inner Bindalsfjorden and the village of Lande (population: 296) was transferred to Brønnøy Municipality.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the Bindalen valley (Birnudalr). The first element is the genitive case of the river name Birna (now called the river Åbjøra). The river name is derived from the word which means "(female) bear". The last element is which means "valley" or "dale". Historically, the name of the municipality was spelled Bindalen. On 3 November 1917, a royal resolution changed the spelling of the name of the municipality to Bindal, removing the definite form ending -en.

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 9 February 1990. The official blazon is "Azure, six nails Or in annulo" (I blått seks gull nagler i rosett). This means the arms have a blue field (background) and the charge is a circular arrangement of six nails or rivets. The charge has a tincture of Or which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. The blue color in the field symbolizes the importance of the sea and boating and the circular arrangement of rivets was chosen to symbolize the importance of the boat building industry in Bindal. There are six rivets to represent 6 school districts, 6 originally inhabited islands, and 6 fjords areas in the municipality. The arms were designed by Arvid Sveen.

Churches
The Church of Norway has two parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Bindal. It is part of the Sør-Helgeland prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland.

Geography
Bindal borders four municipalities in Trøndelag county: Høylandet and Nærøy in the south, Namsskogan in the southeast, and Leka in the west. Bindal also has borders with the Nordland municipalities of Sømna, Brønnøy, and Grane. The Bindalsfjorden runs through the central part of the municipality.

From the coast, the municipality reaches into the mountains towards the lake Majavatnet in Grane. The tallest mountain is the 1058 m tall Heilhornet. It also includes part of the lakes Eidevatnet and Fjellvatnet, which also partially lie in Brønnøy municipality. Other lakes include Åbjørvatnet, Kalvvatnet, and Saglivatnet. The river Åbjøra runs through the eastern part of Bindal. Part of the island of Austra is in Bindal.

Government
All municipalities in Norway are responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Helgeland District Court and the Hålogaland Court of Appeal.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Bindal is made up of 17 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Mayors
The mayors of Bindal (incomplete list):

 * 1877-1878 	Karl Julius Arnesen
 * 1911-1919: Johan Lilleheil
 * 1920-1922: Johan Reppen
 * 1923-1925: O. Skaalvik
 * 1926-1928:	Hans Sylten
 * 1929-1931: Johan Lilleheil
 * 1932-1934: Tomas Breivik
 * 1935-1945: Fredrik Sverdrup
 * 1946-1951: Ole Røtting (Ap)
 * 1952-1955: Oddwin Skaiaa (H)
 * 1956-1957: Ole Røtting (Ap)
 * 1958-1959: Oddwin Skaiaa (H)
 * 1960-1963: Ole Røtting (Ap)
 * 1964-1967: Kristen I. Sylten (Ap)
 * 1968-1971: Bertram Bull-Njaa (LL)
 * 1972-1975: Håkon Hald (Sp)
 * 1976-1979: Amund Skotnes (LL)
 * 1980-1983: Kristen I. Sylten (Ap)
 * 1983-2007: Magne H. Paulsen (Ap)
 * 2007-2010: Per-André Johansen (Ap)
 * 2010-2015: Petter Bjørnli (H)
 * 2015-2023: Britt Helstad (Ap)
 * 2023–present: Frode Næsvold (Ap)

Economy
The most important industries in Bindal are aquaculture, farming and forestry.

Culture
Boat races for Nordland boats have been held annually since 1978 in the main village of Terråk during the last weekend of June. Bindal has a traditional boat-building industry and Nordland boats are still manufactured here.

Education
Bindal has two schools; one of them is classified as independent and therefore not administered by the municipality.

 * Terråk skole in Terråk is a 1st-10th grade school and the largest in Bindal with approximately 100 students attending it.
 * Bindalseidet friskole is an independent school located in Bindalseidet. It is a 1st-10th grade school.

Notable people

 * Otto Sverdrup (1854 in Bindal – 1930), a Norwegian sailor and Arctic explorer
 * Fredrik Paasche (1886 in Bindal – 1943), a Norwegian educator, author and literary historian
 * Carl Ludvig Godske (1906 in Bindal – 1970), a Norwegian mathematician and meteorologist
 * Lisbeth Berg-Hansen (born 1963 in Bindal), a Norwegian salmon farmer and politician

title: Bindal


title: User:Bill126


text:
User talk:Bill126

Hello and Welcome! I hope you like the place. --mav

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Sømna

Sømna is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is part of the Helgeland traditional region. The administrative center of Sømna is the village of Vik i Helgeland. Other villages in the municipality include Dalbotn, Sund, Vennesund, and Berg.

The oldest boat remains ever found in Norway (Haugvikbåten - 2,500 years old) was discovered in a bog in Sømna.

Sømna has some of the best agriculture in the region. Dairy and beef cows as well as grains are produced in Sømna. There is also a dairy in Berg that produces milk and cheese.

The 195 km2 municipality is the 301st largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Sømna is the 281st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,970. The municipality's population density is 10.3 PD/km2 and its population has decreased by 3.1% over the previous 10-year period.

General information
The municipality of Vik was established on 1 January 1901 when it was separated from the large municipality of Brønnøy. The initial population of Vik was 2,731. In 1941 the municipality was renamed Sømna. During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964, a major municipal merger took place. The following areas were merged to form a new, larger Brønnøy municipality.
 * the town of Brønnøysund (population: 2,064)
 * the municipality of Sømna (population: 2,347)
 * the municipality of Brønnøy (population: 2,635)
 * the municipality of Velfjord (population: 1,380)
 * the part of Bindal municipality located Lande-Tosbotn area around the inner Bindalsfjorden (population: 296)

This merger was short-lived because on 1 January 1977, all of the old Sømna municipality (except the Hongsetbygda area) was removed from Brønnøy to become a separate municipality once again. There were 2,107 residents in the newly recreated Sømna municipality.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Vik farm (Vík) since the first Sømna Church was built there. The name is identical with the word which means "bay" or "inlet", here referring to the bay near the church that is now called Vikvågen.

On 13 November 1940, a royal resolution changed the spelling of the name of the municipality to Sømna starting on 1 December 1940. The new name was an old name for the area spelled as Sæmnese or Sørsøm (Søfn). The meaning of the name is unknown, but it is possibly derived from the word sveifa which means "wind" or "wave" or it could be derived from the word which means a "quiet sleep".

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 14 June 1991. The official blazon is "Gules, three trefoils argent in pall stems conjoined" (I rødt tre sølv kløverblad forent i trepass). This means the arms have a red field (background) and the charge is a group of three clover leaves (trefoils). The clover has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The arms symbolize agriculture, culture, and prosperity combined. The arms were designed by Rolf Tidemann.

Churches
The Church of Norway has one parish (sokn) within the municipality of Sømna. It is part of the Sør-Helgeland prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland.

Geography and climate
The municipality of Sømna is mostly made up of the southern part of a peninsula off the mainland of Norway and the surrounding islands. It borders Brønnøy to the north by land and Bindal to the south and east by sea, across the Bindalsfjorden. Sømna consists mainly of a wide Strandflaten lowland (coastal brim), and is one of few municipalities in Northern Norway where the farmers still grow some grain.

Sømna has an oceanic climate with few temperature extremes, similar to Brønnøysund. However, Sømna has one national heat record: The warmest night ever recorded in Norway was July 29, 2019 at Sømna-Kvaløyfjellet (302 m) in Sømna with overnight low 26.1 °C.

Government
All municipalities in Norway are responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Helgeland District Court and the Hålogaland Court of Appeal.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Sømna is made up of 17 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Mayors
The mayors (ordfører) of Sømna (incomplete list):

 * 1952-1955: Jonas Enge (Ap)
 * 2005-2015: Edmund Dahle (Sp)
 * 2015-2015: Hans Gunnar Holand (Sp)
 * 2015-2019: Andrine Solli Oppegaard (Ap)
 * 2019–2023: Hans Gunnar Holand (Sp)
 * 2023–present: Gunder Strømberg (LL)

Notable people

 * August Nielsen (1877 in Vik at Sømna – 1956), a Norwegian architect
 * Ludvig Enge (1878 in Vik i Helgeland – 1953), a Norwegian civil servant and politician
 * Dag Skogheim (1928 in Sømna – 2015), a teacher, poet, novelist, short story writer, biographer, and non-fiction writer

title: Sømna


text:
Legal code (municipal)

A legal code is a body of law written by a local, non-sovereign government authority, such as a municipality. Whether authored or merely adopted by a municipality, it is typically, though not exclusively, enforced by the municipality, as the Authority Having Jurisdiction. A municipal code is usually a type of statutory instrument or delegated legislation.

A municipal legal code is similar in concept, though different in nature, to "codes" enacted by sovereign government authorities, such as a national government or a federal state or province within a federation.

Types of locally enforceable codes
Locally enforceable codes include but are not limited to:
 * Building code - enforced by building inspectors from the municipal building department
 * Fire code - enforced by the local fire prevention officers from the local fire department
 * Noise Control Code - enforced by municipal bylaw officers

Guideline codes
Some national and regional governments may issue model codes, such as a model building code. Examples include the National Building Code of Canada, the National Fire Code of Canada and Germany's MBO - Musterbauordnung. All three aforementioned examples are issued as guideline documents, which are then used by their Provinces and Bundesländer, respectively, as a baseline to author their own building codes, such as the Ontario Building Code (OBC) and fire codes, such as the Alberta Fire Code (AFC), respectively, which must then, in turn, also be adopted by the municipalities, before they become local law, which is then locally enforced by the municipalities. Usually, the municipality passes a by-law to adopt the code, so the same book applies across that whole territory or Province, etc.. Alternatively, a municipality may elect to issue its own version, such as The City of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, which typically makes its own changes to the British Columbia Building Code (BCBC), and then issues its own Vancouver Building By-law, rather than to simply adopt the BCBC, as all other municipalities in British Columbia do.

Code writing process
Typically, volunteers gather in committees at the location of the issuing authority to write and edit the code. Volunteers in both codes and standards writing are generally considered to be stakeholders. The governing body is generally intended to ensure that no one type of stakeholder dominates in order to be able to produce a more balanced and legally defensible final document. General principles of law and philosophy prevailing in the region may also have an influence.

Influencing factors upon code writing process
Example legal codes that rely heavily on precedent and the opinions of prior jurists include English common law and U.S. Constitutional Law. By contrast most implementations of Islamic shariah. Napoleonic Code, Chinese law and German law, emphasize very specific philosophical principles rooted in Islam, French, Chinese, and German philosophy respectively – the role of precedent and prior jurists is much reduced and that of current judges enhanced – thus these can be seen as an ethical code which applies to the jurists themselves. In construction, precedents may include experience gained through fire losses and structural collapse. Lessons learned can be incorporated into revised codes or updates to prevent further losses.

If a legal system is not controlled by a single institution, the legal code typically includes ways to balance the power of different participants (sometimes known as checks and balances). These measures can reduce the potential for one group of participants to develop a monopoly over the legal system. For example, in a representative democracy, it may be required that elected officials make or vote on any changes to the law.

Apart from the foregoing, industry organisations tend to engage in attempts to influence the code writing process through participating in meetings of task committees and groups and providing evidence to make their cases. An example is the fire sprinkler lobby, which favours active fire protection, whereas members of the passive fire protection trades, for instance the International Firestop Council would argue the merits of its members' work. Stakeholders also include insurance companies, who stand to gain by keeping the operating risks of buildings low, whereas a real-estate developer may seek to keep costs low.

Purpose of a legal code
Generally, a legal code serves the dual purpose of broadcasting a certain idea of public morality as well as technical fact, and disclosing the retribution that the society, via the enforcing body, will visit on those who offend that morality. As an example, penalties are imposed for constructing an unsafe building or engaging in actions that will negatively impact the safety of a building. The severity of the punishment is intended to be commensurate with the severity of the offence.

Code violations
Since there are different types of codes, with differing levels of public safety impact, the severity of consequences and punishment varies. Violating the noise control code inside an apartment may just annoy the neighbours. Building and fire code violations, however, can affect anyone inside and even surrounding a building.

Perpetrators include, but are not limited to the following:
 * General contractor (through use of inadmissible shortcuts)
 * Subcontractor (through use of inadmissible shortcuts)
 * Architect (through errors in plans (drawings) and specifications)
 * Building owner (through alterations of building components or the occupancy without a building permit).
 * Occupants (sabotage or ignorance, for example, propping open a fire door and running a carpet through it.)
 * Authority Having Jurisdiction (through approval of a condition that violates the local code.)
 * Developers (through insisting on lowering costs by reducing safety measures, for instance accepting unspecified alternative products and systems)

Arguing disputes
For predictability, a legal code usually includes a body of prior decisions or precedent, which with the law itself constitutes what is called a jurisprudence. A jurist is an individual who makes judgements that are incorporated into the jurisprudence, either as cases or as laws themselves.

To speed cases along and ensure uniform representation, many legal codes require a defendant or plaintiff to be represented by an attorney at law, whose responsibility is to take the client's case without prejudice, and to their best to minimize the penalties applied by law, including ideally the release of their client from any responsibility at all.

Computer code
Recently Lawrence Lessig has argued in his book Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace that computer code may regulate conduct in much the same way that legal codes do.

title: Legal code (municipal)


text:
Brønnøy

Brønnøy is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is part of the Helgeland region. The administrative centre and commercial centre of the municipality is the town of Brønnøysund. A secondary centre is the village of Hommelstø. Other villages include Tosbotn, Lande, Trælnes, and Indreskomo.

The Brønnøysund Register Centre is an important employer in Brønnøy. Also, one of the largest limestone mines in Northern Europe is located in the municipality. Brønnøysund Airport, Brønnøy is located near the town of Brønnøysund.

The 1046 km2 municipality is the 107th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Brønnøy is the 132nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 7,787. The municipality's population density is 7.8 PD/km2 and its population has decreased by 0.9% over the previous 10-year period.

General information
The municipality of Brønnøy was established on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). On 1 October 1875 the eastern district (population: 1,162) was separated to become the new municipality of Velfjord. This left Brønnøy with 4,156 residents.

Then on 1 January 1901, the southwestern district (population: 2,731) was separated to become the new municipality of Vik (which later changed its name to Sømna). Brønnøy was then left with 3,440 inhabitants. On 1 January 1923 the large village of Brønnøysund (population: 948) was separated from Brønnøy to become a town (ladested).

During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964, a major municipal merger took place. The following areas were merged to form a new, larger Brønnøy municipality.
 * the town of Brønnøysund (population: 2,064)
 * the municipality of Sømna (population: 2,347)
 * the municipality of Brønnøy (population: 2,635)
 * the municipality of Velfjord (population: 1,380)
 * the part of Bindal municipality located Lande-Tosbotn area around the inner Bindalsfjorden (population: 296)

Just thirteen years later on 1 January 1977, most of the former municipality of Sømna was separated from Brønnøy once again to become its own municipality. The Hongset area of the old Sømna municipality remained in Brønnøy.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the small island of Brønnøya (Brunnøy), since the first Brønnøy Church was built there. The first element is which means "well" or "spring" and the last element is  which means "island". Islands with freshwater wells were important for seafarers. Historically, the name of the municiaplity was spelled Brønnø. On 6 January 1908, a royal resolution changed the spelling of the name of the municipality to Brønnøy.

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 20 May 1988. The official blazon is "Or a balisage signal sable" (I gull en svart seilingsgrind). This means the arms have a field (background) that has a tincture of Or which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. The charge is a navigational marker which is used to signal directions for navigation within a harbour. The charge represents the importance of boating and harbours in this seaside municipality. The arms were designed by Rolf Tidemann, a graphic artist from Brønnøysund.

Churches
The Church of Norway has two parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Brønnøy. It is part of the Sør-Helgeland prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland.

Geography
The municipality has great scenic variety with numerous islets, lakes (such as Eidevatnet, Sausvatnet, and Fjellvatnet), mountains, and some fertile agricultural areas. Torget island is connected to the mainland via the Brønnøysund Bridge.

Brønnøy borders the municipalities of Vega and Vevelstad to the north, Vefsn and Grane to the east, and Bindal and Sømna to the south. The large fjord Velfjorden runs into the heart of the municipality.

Nature
In the southwest is the island of Torget, with the mountain Torghatten, is famous for a cavity that goes straight through the structure. Lomsdal–Visten National Park is located in the northeastern part of Brønnøy.

The world's most northerly naturally occurring small-leaved lime (linden) forests grows in Brønnøy, and there are patches of boreal rainforests in Grønlidalen nature reserve and Storhaugen nature reserve. Strompdalen nature reserve and Horsvær nature reserve, a nesting place for a rich variety of seabirds, are also located in the municipality.

Climate
Brønnøy has a temperate oceanic climate with mild winters with all monthly mean temperatures above freezing (Koppen Cfb). The growing season is also long for the latitude. There is a lot of precipitation, with significant precipitation in all months. Autumn and early winter is the wettest season and October the wettest month. The driest season is spring and early summer with May as the driest month. There have been weather stations in Brønnøy since 1873. 9 of the 12 monthly all-time lows are from 1940 or older; 3 from before 1900. The all-time low -18.4 °C was recorded in February 1966, and the all-time high 32.1 °C was set on 27 July 2019. Inland areas of the municipality will have colder winters.

Government
All municipalities in Norway are responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Helgeland District Court and the Hålogaland Court of Appeal.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Brønnøy is made up of 23 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Mayors
The mayors (ordfører) of Brønnøy:

 * Ole Christian Andersen Nøstvig
 * Sivert Andreas Nielsen
 * 1920-1922: Henrik Brækkan (H)
 * 1975-1979: Bodil Aakre (H)
 * 1983-1995: Harald Solbakk
 * 1995-1999: Ragnvald Dundas
 * 1999-2013: Kjell Harald Trælnes (Sp)
 * 2013-2019: Johnny Hanssen (Ap)
 * 2019-2023: Eilif Trælnes (Sp)
 * 2023–present: Siv Aglen (Ap)

Notable people

 * Hans Rosing (1625 at Brønnøy – 1699) a clergyman, Bishop of the Diocese of Oslo 1664-1699
 * Skule Storheill (1907 in Brønnøysund – 1992) a prominent Norwegian naval officer
 * Kristine Andersen Vesterfjell (1910 in Lomsdalen – 1987) a South Sami reindeer herder and cultural advocate
 * Kåre Rodahl (1917 in Brønnøysund – 2008) a physician, physiologist, a research fellow in Arctic physiology and medicine and professor at the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences
 * Odd Grønmo (1922 in Brønnøy - 2012) a Norwegian politician, Mayor of Bodin & Nordland
 * Ørjar Øyen (born 1927 in Brønnøy) a Norwegian sociologist and academic
 * Dag Skogheim (1928–2015) a teacher, poet, novelist, biographer and non-fiction writer; grew up in Brønnøysund
 * Halle Jørn Hanssen (born 1937 in Brønnøy) a TV correspondent, development aid administrator and politician
 * Rawdna Carita Eira (born 1970) a Norwegian and Sámi playwright, author, teacher, reindeer herder and stage manager; grew up in Brønnøysund
 * Pål Arne Johansen (born 1977 in Brønnøy) a retired football midfielder and manager.
 * Ulrik Saltnes (born 1992 in Brønnøysund) a Norwegian footballer with almost 200 club caps

title: Brønnøy


text: User:Yianni

title: User:Yianni


text:
User talk:Yianni

Hello and Welcome! I hope you like the place. --mav

title: User talk:Yianni


text:
Vega, Norway

Vega is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is part of the Helgeland traditional region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Gladstad. Other villages include Holand and Ylvingen.

The municipality comprises about 6,500 islands in the Vega Archipelago. The main island of the municipality is the island of Vega, and it is also the largest at 163 km2. Bremstein Lighthouse is located in the southwestern part of the municipality.

The 165 km2 municipality is the 314th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Vega is the 319th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,219. The municipality's population density is 7.5 PD/km2 and its population has decreased by 1.5% over the previous 10-year period.

General information
The municipality of Vega was established on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). On 1 January 1965, the Skogsholmen area (population: 196) was transferred from Tjøtta Municipality to Vega Municipality. Then on 1 January 1971, the Skålvær islands (population: 32) in the northeastern part of Vega was transferred to Alstahaug Municipality.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the main island of Vega (Veiga) since the first Vega Church was built there. The first element is which means "liquid" or "fluid" (referring to the lakes and the marshes of the island). The name was written "Vegø" prior to 1891.

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 20 November 1987. The official blazon is "Gules, a scoop Or" (I rødt en gull øsekar). This means the arms have a red field (background) and the charge is a bailer for a boat. The bailer or scoop has a tincture of Or which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. A bailer is an essential tool that is important to the municipality due to its dependence on the sea. The arms were designed by Tore Engen. An earlier plan for the Vega coat of arms pictured the black silhouette of a sailing boat on a yellow background, but this design was chosen as the coat of arms for Nordland county.

Churches
The Church of Norway has one parish (sokn) within the municipality of Vega. It is part of the Sør-Helgeland prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland.

History
Early settlements on the main island date back 10,000 years, making it one of the oldest places of inhabitance in Northern Norway. Agriculture and fishing are at present as they were in the past, key fields of labour. Today's inhabitants are concentrated in Holand, Valla, Igerøy, Ylvingen, and Gladstad, the latter being the location of the municipal council and most of the island's commerce.

Geography
In 2004, the archipelago's cultural landscape was inscribed by UNESCO on the World Heritage Site list as representative of "the way generations of fishermen/farmers have, over the past 1,500 years, maintained a sustainable living in an inhospitable seascape near the Arctic Circle, based on the now unique practice of eider down harvesting." The oceanic climate and limestone bedrock has allowed 10 different species of orchids to grow in Vega, and 210 species of birds have been recorded at the archipelago.

Eidemsliene nature reserve has many warmth-loving species of plants and the most oceanic pine forest in North Norway. Holandsosen nature reserve is an important wetland area with a shallow lake and soil rich in lime; 149 species of birds have been observed in this reserve which has a rich bird life all year (many birds use this as their winter quarter). Lånan nature reserve preserves many types of coastal nature and is a very important area for many species of birds; eider down harvesting is still practiced here.

Climate
Vega has a temperate oceanic climate, also known as marine west coast climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb). The all-time high of 31.7 °C was recorded July 27, 2019, and the all-time low -16.5 °C was recorded February 2010 (extremes database from 2003). The average date for the last overnight freeze (low below 0 °C) in spring is 29 April and average date for first freeze in autumn is 17 October giving a frost-free season of 170 days (1981-2010 average).

Government
All municipalities in Norway are responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Helgeland District Court and the Hålogaland Court of Appeal.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Vega is made up of 15 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Mayors
The mayors of Vega (incomplete list):

 * 1883-1886: Nicolai Hansen Kjælkdalen
 * 1887-1904: Andreas Andersen Grimsø (V)
 * 1905-1928: Peter Nicolaisen (V)
 * 1929-1931: Oskar Floa (Ap)
 * 1932-1937: Emil Wahl (V)
 * 1938-1941: Oskar Floa (Ap)
 * 1943-1945: J. Robertsen (NS)
 * 1945-1948: Oskar Floa (Ap)
 * 1948-1967: Haakon Olsen Wika (Ap)
 * 1968-1974: Olav D. Gullsvåg (Ap)
 * 1975-1979: Osvald Floa (Ap)
 * 1980-1981: Egil Mortensen (Sp)
 * 1982-1983: Gunnar Sundsvold (Sp)
 * 1984-1995: Osvald Floa (Ap)
 * 1995-2007: Einar Silseth (Sp)
 * 2007-2023: Andre Møller (Ap)
 * 2023–present: Jon Floa (Sp)

Notable people

 * Haakon Olsen Wika (1899 in Vega – 1981), a Norwegian politician who was Mayor of Vega for may years

title: Vega, Norway


text:
User talk:Chuggnutt

Hello and Welcome! I hope you like the place. --mav

Thanks! --Chuggnutt

Just testing an edit of my own talk page.
 * Chuggnutt 17:06, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Chuggnutt


text:
Vevelstad

Vevelstad is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is part of the Helgeland traditional region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Forvika.

The 539 km2 municipality is the 199th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Vevelstad is the 352nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 454. The municipality's population density is 0.9 PD/km2 and its population has decreased by 9.2% over the previous 10-year period.

General information
The municipality of Vevelstad was established on 1 July 1916 when it was separated from the municipality of Tjøtta. Initially, the municipality had 1,097 residents. On 1 July 1920, the Giskå farm area (population: 10) was transferred from Tjøtta to Vevelstad. The borders have not changed since that time.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Vevelstad farm (Vifilsstaðir), since the first Vevelstad Church was built there. The first element is the genitive case of the Old Norse male name Vifill and the last element is the plural form of which means "homestead" or "farm", therefore it means "Vifill's homestead".

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 13 November 1991. The official blazon is "Azure, three inverted couped chevrons argent, two and one" (I blått tre omvendte svevende sølv sparrer, 2-1). This means the arms have a blue field (background) and the charge is three V-shaped figures (two over one). The V-shapes have a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The arms are canting, showing the first letter of the name of the municipality, V. The municipality applied for arms in the 1970s, but all the proposals were rejected by either the municipal council or the National Archives. Finally, the present arms were adopted and granted in 1991. The arms were designed by Odd P. Olsen.

Churches
The Church of Norway has one parish (sokn) within the municipality of Vevelstad. It is part of the Sør-Helgeland prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland.

Geography
The municipality lies in the middle of Norway, surrounded by mountains and fjords. A lot of the municipality is a part of Lomsdal–Visten National Park. The lake Søre Vistvatnet lies in the southeastern part of the municipality inside the national park. Most of the residents live along the coastline or on the island Hamnøya. The mouth of the Velfjorden lies in the southern part of the municipality.

Government
All municipalities in Norway are responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Helgeland District Court and the Hålogaland Court of Appeal.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Vevelstad is made up of 13 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Mayors
The mayors (ordfører) of Vevelstad (incomplete list):

 * 1945-1967: Ragnvald Vevelstad (Ap)
 * 1967-1970: Eilif Slotvik
 * 1970-1975: Ragnvald Vevelstad (Ap)
 * 1976-1979: Alf Arnes (V)
 * 1980-1987: Per Vevelstad (Ap)
 * 1988-1999: Harald Axelsen (Ap)
 * 1999-2003: Arnt O. Åsvang (LL)
 * 2003-2015: Ken-Richard Hansen (LL)
 * 2015-2019: Kari Anne Bøkestad Andreassen (LL)
 * 2019–2023: Torhild Haugann (Sp)
 * 2023–present: Sivert Vevelstad (Ap)

Notable people

 * Kari Anne Bøkestad Andreassen (born 1973 in Vevelstad), a Norwegian politician who was the first female Mayor of the municipality

title: Vevelstad


text: User:Krptnet

title: User:Krptnet


text:
User talk:Krptnet

Hello and Welcome! I hope you like the place. --mav

title: User talk:Krptnet


title: User:AhX5heiv


text:
User talk:AhX5heiv

Nomination of Nhttpd for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Nhttpd is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Nhttpd until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article until the discussion has finished. Jfire (talk) 03:04, 5 January 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:AhX5heiv