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Infrastructure

Infrastructure is the set of facilities and systems that serve a country, city, or other area, and encompasses the services and facilities necessary for its economy, households and firms to function. Infrastructure is composed of public and private physical structures such as roads, railways, bridges, tunnels, water supply, sewers, electrical grids, and telecommunications (including Internet connectivity and broadband access). In general, infrastructure has been defined as "the physical components of interrelated systems providing commodities and services essential to enable, sustain, or enhance societal living conditions" and maintain the surrounding environment.

Especially in light of the massive societal transformations needed to mitigate and adapt to climate change, contemporary infrastructure conversations frequently focus on sustainable development and green infrastructure. Acknowledging this importance, the international community has created policy focused on sustainable infrastructure through the Sustainable Development Goals, especially Sustainable Development Goal 9 "Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure".

One way to describe different types of infrastructure is to classify them as two distinct kinds: hard infrastructure and soft infrastructure. Hard infrastructure is the physical networks necessary for the functioning of a modern industrial society or industry. This includes roads, bridges, and railways. Soft infrastructure is all the institutions that maintain the economic, health, social, environmental, and cultural standards of a country. This includes educational programs, official statistics, parks and recreational facilities, law enforcement agencies, and emergency services.

Etymology
The word "infrastructure" has been used in French since 1875 and in English since 1887, originally meaning "installations that form the basis for any operation or system". It is a loanword from French, where it was already used for establishing a roadbed of substrate material, required before railroad tracks or constructed pavement could be laid on top of it. The word is a combination of the Latin prefix infra-, meaning "below", as many of these constructions are underground (for example, tunnels, water and gas systems, and railways), and the French word structure. The army use of the term achieved currency in the United States after the formation of NATO in the 1940s, and by 1970 was adopted by urban planners in its modern civilian sense.

Classifications
A 1987 US National Research Council panel adopted the term "public works infrastructure", referring to: "... both specific functional modes – highways, streets, roads, and bridges; mass transit; airports and airways; water supply and water resources; wastewater management; solid-waste treatment and disposal; electric power generation and transmission; telecommunications; and hazardous waste management – and the combined system these modal elements comprise. A comprehension of infrastructure spans not only these public works facilities, but also the operating procedures, management practices, and development policies that interact together with societal demand and the physical world to facilitate the transport of people and goods, provision of water for drinking and a variety of other uses, safe disposal of society's waste products, provision of energy where it is needed, and transmission of information within and between communities."

The American Society of Civil Engineers publishes an "Infrastructure Report Card" which represents the organizations opinion on the condition of various infrastructure every 2–4 years. they grade 16 categories, namely aviation, bridges, dams, drinking water, energy, hazardous waste, inland waterways, levees, parks and recreation, ports, rail, roads, schools, solid waste, transit and wastewater. The United States has received a rating of "D+" on its infrastructure. This aging infrastructure is a result of governmental neglect and inadequate funding. As the United States presumably looks to upgrade its existing infrastructure, sustainable measures could be a consideration of the design, build, and operation plans.

Personal
A way to embody personal infrastructure is to think of it in terms of human capital. Human capital is defined by the Encyclopædia Britannica as "intangible collective resources possessed by individuals and groups within a given population". The goal of personal infrastructure is to determine the quality of the economic agents' values. This results in three major tasks: the task of economic proxies in the economic process (teachers, unskilled and qualified labor, etc.); the importance of personal infrastructure for an individual (short and long-term consumption of education); and the social relevance of personal infrastructure. Essentially, personal infrastructure maps the human impact on infrastructure as it is related to the economy, individual growth, and social impact.

Institutional
Institutional infrastructure branches from the term "economic constitution". According to Gianpiero Torrisi, institutional infrastructure is the object of economic and legal policy. It compromises the growth and sets norms. It refers to the degree of fair treatment of equal economic data and determines the framework within which economic agents may formulate their own economic plans and carry them out in co-operation with others.

Sustainable
Sustainable infrastructure refers to the processes of design and construction that take into consideration their environmental, economic, and social impact. Included in this section are several elements of sustainable schemes, including materials, water, energy, transportation, and waste management infrastructure. Although there are endless other factors of consideration, those will not be covered in this section.

Material
Material infrastructure is defined as "those immobile, non-circulating capital goods that essentially contribute to the production of infrastructure goods and services needed to satisfy basic physical and social requirements of economic agents". There are two distinct qualities of material infrastructures: 1) fulfillment of social needs and 2) mass production. The first characteristic deals with the basic needs of human life. The second characteristic is the non-availability of infrastructure goods and services. Today, there are various materials that can be used to build infrastructure. The most prevalent ones are asphalt, concrete, steel, masonry, wood, polymers and composites.

Economic
According to the business dictionary, economic infrastructure can be defined as "internal facilities of a country that make business activity possible, such as communication, transportation and distribution networks, financial institutions and related international markets, and energy supply systems". Economic infrastructure support productive activities and events. This includes roads, highways, bridges, airports, cycling infrastructure, water distribution networks, sewer systems, and irrigation plants.

Social
Social infrastructure can be broadly defined as the construction and maintenance of facilities that support social services. Social infrastructures are created to increase social comfort and promote economic activity. These include schools, parks and playgrounds, structures for public safety, waste disposal plants, hospitals, and sports areas.

Core
Core assets provide essential services and have monopolistic characteristics. Investors seeking core infrastructure look for five different characteristics: income, low volatility of returns, diversification, inflation protection, and long-term liability matching. Core infrastructure incorporates all the main types of infrastructure, such as roads, highways, railways, public transportation, water, and gas supply.

Basic
Basic infrastructure refers to main railways, roads, canals, harbors and docks, the electromagnetic telegraph, drainage, dikes, and land reclamation. It consist of the more well-known and common features of infrastructure that we come across in our daily lives (buildings, roads, docks).

Complementary
Complementary infrastructure refers to things like light railways, tramways, and gas/electricity/water supply. To complement something means to bring it to perfection or complete it. Complementary infrastructure deals with the little parts of the engineering world that make life more convenient and efficient. They are needed to ensure successful usage and marketing of an already finished product, like in the case of road bridges. Other examples are lights on sidewalks, landscaping around buildings, and benches where pedestrians can rest.

Engineering and construction
Engineers generally limit the term "infrastructure" to describe fixed assets that are in the form of a large network; in other words, hard infrastructure. Efforts to devise more generic definitions of infrastructures have typically referred to the network aspects of most of the structures, and to the accumulated value of investments in the networks as assets. One such definition from 1998 defined infrastructure as the network of assets "where the system as a whole is intended to be maintained indefinitely at a specified standard of service by the continuing replacement and refurbishment of its components".

Civil defense and economic development
Civil defense planners and developmental economists generally refer to both hard and soft infrastructure, including public services such as schools and hospitals, emergency services such as police and fire fighting, and basic services in the economic sector. The notion of infrastructure-based development combining long-term infrastructure investments by government agencies at central and regional levels with public private partnerships has proven popular among economists in Asia (notably Singapore and China), mainland Europe, and Latin America.

Military
Military infrastructure is the buildings and permanent installations necessary for the support of military forces, whether they are stationed in bases, being deployed or engaged in operations. Examples include barracks, headquarters, airfields, communications facilities, stores of military equipment, port installations, and maintenance stations.

Communications
Communications infrastructure is the informal and formal channels of communication, political and social networks, or beliefs held by members of particular groups, as well as information technology, software development tools. Still underlying these more conceptual uses is the idea that infrastructure provides organizing structure and support for the system or organization it serves, whether it is a city, a nation, a corporation, or a collection of people with common interests. Examples include IT infrastructure, research infrastructure, terrorist infrastructure, employment infrastructure, and tourism infrastructure.

Related concepts
The term "infrastructure" may be confused with the following overlapping or related concepts.

Land improvement and land development are general terms that in some contexts may include infrastructure, but in the context of a discussion of infrastructure would refer only to smaller-scale systems or works that are not included in infrastructure, because they are typically limited to a single parcel of land, and are owned and operated by the landowner. For example, an irrigation canal that serves a region or district would be included with infrastructure, but the private irrigation systems on individual land parcels would be considered land improvements, not infrastructure. Service connections to municipal service and public utility networks would also be considered land improvements, not infrastructure.

The term "public works" includes government-owned and operated infrastructure as well as public buildings, such as schools and courthouses. Public works generally refers to physical assets needed to deliver public services. Public services include both infrastructure and services generally provided by the government.

Ownership and financing
Infrastructure may be owned and managed by governments or by privately held companies, such as sole public utility or railway companies. Generally, most roads, major airports and other ports, water distribution systems, and sewage networks are publicly owned, whereas most energy and telecommunications networks are privately owned. Publicly owned infrastructure may be paid for from taxes, tolls, or metered user fees, whereas private infrastructure is generally paid for by metered user fees. Major investment projects are generally financed by the issuance of long-term bonds.

Government-owned and operated infrastructure may be developed and operated in the private sector or in public-private partnerships, in addition to in the public sector. in the United States for example, public spending on infrastructure has varied between 2.3% and 3.6% of GDP since 1950. Many financial institutions invest in infrastructure.

In the developing world
According to researchers at the Overseas Development Institute, the lack of infrastructure in many developing countries represents one of the most significant limitations to economic growth and achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Infrastructure investments and maintenance can be very expensive, especially in such areas as landlocked, rural and sparsely populated countries in Africa. It has been argued that infrastructure investments contributed to more than half of Africa's improved growth performance between 1990 and 2005, and increased investment is necessary to maintain growth and tackle poverty. The returns to investment in infrastructure are very significant, with on average thirty to forty percent returns for telecommunications (ICT) investments, over forty percent for electricity generation, and eighty percent for roads.

Regional differences
The demand for infrastructure both by consumers and by companies is much higher than the amount invested. There are severe constraints on the supply side of the provision of infrastructure in Asia. The infrastructure financing gap between what is invested in Asia-Pacific (around US$48 billion) and what is needed (US$228 billion) is around US$180 billion every year.

In Latin America, three percent of GDP (around US$71 billion) would need to be invested in infrastructure in order to satisfy demand, yet in 2005, for example, only around two percent was invested leaving a financing gap of approximately US$24 billion.

In Africa, in order to reach the seven percent annual growth calculated to be required to meet the MDGs by 2015 would require infrastructure investments of about fifteen percent of GDP, or around US$93 billion a year. In fragile states, over thirty-seven percent of GDP would be required.

Sources of funding for infrastructure
The source of financing for infrastructure varies significantly across sectors. Some sectors are dominated by government spending, others by overseas development aid (ODA), and yet others by private investors. In California, infrastructure financing districts are established by local governments to pay for physical facilities and services within a specified area by using property tax increases. In order to facilitate investment of the private sector in developing countries' infrastructure markets, it is necessary to design risk-allocation mechanisms more carefully, given the higher risks of their markets.

The spending money that comes from the government is less than it used to be. From the 1930s to 2019, the United States went from spending 4.2% of GDP to 2.5% of GDP on infrastructure. These under investments have accrued, in fact, according to the 2017 ASCE Infrastructure Report Card, from 2016 to 2025, infrastructure will be underinvested by $2 trillion. Compared to the global GDP percentages, The United States is tied for second-to-last place, with an average percentage of 2.4%. This means that the government spends less money on repairing old infrastructure and or on infrastructure as a whole.

In Sub-Saharan Africa, governments spend around US$9.4 billion out of a total of US$24.9 billion. In irrigation, governments represent almost all spending. In transport and energy a majority of investment is government spending. In ICT and water supply and sanitation, the private sector represents the majority of capital expenditure. Overall, between them aid, the private sector, and non-OECD financiers exceed government spending. The private sector spending alone equals state capital expenditure, though the majority is focused on ICT infrastructure investments. External financing increased in the 2000s (decade) and in Africa alone external infrastructure investments increased from US$7 billion in 2002 to US$27 billion in 2009. China, in particular, has emerged as an important investor.

Coronavirus implications
The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic has only exacerbated the underfunding of infrastructure globally that has been accumulating for decades. The pandemic has increased unemployment and has widely disrupted the economy. This has serious impacts on households, businesses, and federal, state and local governments. This is especially detrimental to infrastructure because it is so dependent on funding from government agencies – with state and local governments accounting for approximately 75% of spending on public infrastructure in the United States.

Governments are facing enormous decreases in revenue, economic downturns, overworked health systems, and hesitant workforces, resulting in huge budget deficits across the board. However, they must also scale up public investment to ensure successful reopening, boost growth and employment, and green their economies. The unusually large scale of the packages needed for COVID-19 was accompanied by widespread calls for "greening" them to meet the dual goals of economic recovery and environmental sustainability. However, as of March 2021, only a small fraction of the G20 COVID-19 related fiscal measures was found to be climate friendly.

Sustainable infrastructure
Although it is readily apparent that much effort is needed to repair the economic damage inflicted by the Coronavirus epidemic, an immediate return to business as usual could be environmentally harmful, as shown by the 2007-08 financial crisis in the United States. While the ensuing economic slowdown reduced global greenhouse gas emissions in 2009, emissions reached a record high in 2010, partially due to governments' implemented economic stimulus measures with minimal consideration of the environmental consequences. The concern is whether this same pattern will repeat itself. The post-COVID-19 period could determine whether the world meets or misses the emissions goals of the 2015 Paris Agreement and limits global warming to 1.5 degrees C to 2 degrees C.

As a result of the COVID-19 epidemic, a host of factors could jeopardize a low-carbon recovery plan: this includes reduced attention on the global political stage (2020 UN Climate Summit has been postponed to 2021), the relaxing of environmental regulations in pursuit of economic growth, decreased oil prices preventing low-carbon technologies from being competitive, and finally, stimulus programs that take away funds that could have been used to further the process of decarbonization. Research suggests that a recovery plan based on lower-carbon emissions could not only make significant emissions reductions needed to battle climate change, but also create more economic growth and jobs than a high-carbon recovery plan would. A study published in the Oxford Review of Economic Policy, more than 200 economists and economic officials reported that "green" economic-recovery initiatives performed at least as well as less "green" initiatives. There have also been calls for an independent body could provide a comparable assessment of countries' fiscal policies, promoting transparency and accountability at the international level.

In addition, in an econometric study published in the Economic Modelling journal, an analysis on government energy technology spending showed that spending on the renewable energy sector created five more jobs per million dollars invested than spending on fossil fuels. Since sustainable infrastructure is more beneficial in both an economic and environmental context, it represents the future of infrastructure. Especially with increasing pressure from climate change and diminishing natural resources, infrastructure not only needs to maintain economic development and job development, and a high quality of life for residents, but also protect the environment and its natural resources.

Sustainable energy
Sustainable energy infrastructure includes types of renewable energy power plants as well as the means of exchange from the plant to the homes and businesses that use that energy. Renewable energy includes well researched and widely implemented methods such as wind, solar, and hydraulic power, as well as newer and less commonly used types of power creation such as fusion energy. Sustainable energy infrastructure must maintain a strong supply relative to demand, and must also maintain sufficiently low prices for consumers so as not to decrease demand. Any type of renewable energy infrastructure that fails to meet these consumption and price requirements will ultimately be forced out of the market by prevailing non renewable energy sources.

Sustainable water
Sustainable water infrastructure is focused on a community's sufficient access to clean, safe drinking water. Water is a public good along with electricity, which means that sustainable water catchment and distribution systems must remain affordable to all members of a population. "Sustainable Water" may refer to a nation or community's ability to be self-sustainable, with enough water to meet multiple needs including agriculture, industry, sanitation, and drinking water. It can also refer to the holistic and effective management of water resources. Increasingly, policy makers and regulators are incorporating Nature-based solutions (NBS or NbS) into attempts to achieve sustainable water infrastructure.

Sustainable waste management
Sustainable waste management systems aim to minimize the amount of waste products produced by individuals and corporations. Commercial waste management plans have transitioned from simple waste removal plans into comprehensive plans focused on reducing the total amount of waste produced before removal. Sustainable waste management is beneficial environmentally, and can also cut costs for businesses that reduce their amount of disposed goods.

Sustainable transportation
Sustainable transportation includes a shift away from private, greenhouse gas emitting cars in favor of adopting methods of transportation that are either carbon neutral or reduce carbon emissions such as bikes or electric bus systems. Additionally, cities must invest in the appropriate built environments for these ecologically preferable modes of transportation. Cities will need to invest in public transportation networks, as well as bike path networks among other sustainable solutions that incentivize citizens to use these alternate transit options. Reducing the urban dependency on cars is a fundamental goal of developing sustainable transportation, and this cannot be accomplished without a coordinated focus on both creating the methods of transportation themselves and providing them with networks that are equally or more efficient than existing car networks such as aging highway systems.

Sustainable materials
Another solution to transition into a more sustainable infrastructure is using more sustainable materials. A material is sustainable if the needed amount can be produced without depleting non-renewable resources. It also should have low environmental impacts by not disrupting the established steady-state equilibrium of it. The materials should also be resilient, renewable, reusable, and recyclable.

Today, concrete is one of the most common materials used in infrastructure. There is twice as much concrete used in construction than all other building materials combined. It is the backbone of industrialization, as it is used in bridges, piers, pipelines, pavements, and buildings. However, while they do serve as a connection between cities, transportation for people and goods, and protection for land against flooding and erosion, they only last for 50 to 100 years. Many were built within the last 50 years, which means many infrastructures need substantial maintenance to continue functioning.

However, concrete is not sustainable. The production of concrete contributes up to 8% of the world's greenhouse gas emissions. A tenth of the world's industrial water usage is from producing concrete. Even transporting the raw materials to concrete production sites adds to airborne pollution. Furthermore, the production sites and the infrastructures themselves all strip away agricultural land that could have been fertile soil or habitats vital to the ecosystem.

Green infrastructure
Green infrastructure is a type of sustainable infrastructure. Green infrastructure uses plant or soil systems to restore some of the natural processes needed to manage water and create healthier urban environments. In a more practical sense, it refers to a decentralized network of stormwater management practices, which includes green roofs, trees, bioretention and infiltration, and permeable pavement. Green infrastructure has become an increasingly popular strategy in recent years due to its effectiveness in providing ecological, economic, and social benefits – including positively impacting energy consumption, air quality, and carbon reduction and sequestration.

Green roofs
A green roof is a rooftop that is partially or completely covered with growing vegetation planted over a membrane. It also includes additional layers, including a root barrier and drainage and irrigation systems. There are several categories of green roofs, including extensive (have a growing media depth ranging from two to six inches) and intensive (have a growing media with a depth greater than six inches). One benefit of green roofs is that they reduce stormwater runoff because of its ability to store water in its growing media, reducing the runoff entering the sewer system and waterways, which also decreases the risk of combined sewer overflows. They reduce energy usage since the growing media provides additional insulation, reduces the amount of solar radiation on the roof's surface, and provides evaporative cooling from water in the plants, which reduce the roof surface temperatures and heat influx. Green roofs also reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide since the vegetation sequesters carbon and, since they reduce energy usage and the urban heat island by reducing the roof temperature, they also lower carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation.

Tree planting
Tree planting provides a host of ecological, social, and economic benefits. Trees can intercept rain, support infiltration and water storage in soil, diminish the impact of raindrops on barren surfaces, minimize soil moisture through transpiration, and they help reduce stormwater runoff. Additionally, trees contribute to recharging local aquifers and improve the health of watershed systems. Trees also reduce energy usage by providing shade and releasing water into the atmosphere which cools the air and reduces the amount of heat absorbed by buildings. Finally, trees improve air quality by absorbing harmful air pollutants reducing the amount of greenhouse gases.

Bioretention and infiltration practices
There are a variety of types of bioretention and infiltration practices, including rain gardens and bioswales. A rain garden is planted in a small depression or natural slope and includes native shrubs and flowers. They temporarily hold and absorb rain water and are effective in removing up to 90% of nutrients and chemicals and up to 80% of sediments from the runoff. As a result, they soak 30% more water than conventional gardens. Bioswales are planted in paved areas like parking lots or sidewalks and are made to allow for overflow into the sewer system by trapping silt and other pollutants, which are normally left over from impermeable surfaces. Both rain gardens and bioswales mitigate flood impacts and prevent stormwater from polluting local waterways; increase the usable water supply by reducing the amount of water needed for outdoor irrigation; improve air quality by minimizing the amount of water going into treatment facilities, which also reduces energy usage and, as a result, reduces air pollution since less greenhouse gases are emitted.

Smart cities
Smart cities use innovative methods of design and implementation in various sectors of infrastructure and planning to create communities that operate at a higher level of relative sustainability than their traditional counterparts. In a sustainable city, urban resilience as well as infrastructure reliability must both be present. Urban resilience is defined by a city's capacity to quickly adapt or recover from infrastructure defects, and infrastructure reliability means that systems must work efficiently while continuing to maximize their output. When urban resilience and infrastructure reliability interact, cities are able to produce the same level of output at similarly reasonable costs as compared to other non sustainable communities, while still maintaining ease of operation and usage.

Masdar City
Masdar City is a proposed zero emission smart city that will be contracted in the United Arab Emirates. Some individuals have referred to this planned settlement as "utopia-like", due to the fact that it will feature multiple sustainable infrastructure elements, including energy, water, waste management, and transportation. Masdar City will have a power infrastructure containing renewable energy methods including solar energy.

Masdar City is located in a desert region, meaning that sustainable collection and distribution of water is dependent on the city's ability to use water at innovative stages of the water cycle. The city will use groundwater, greywater, seawater, blackwater, and other water resources to obtain both drinking and landscaping water.

Initially, Masdar City will be waste-free. Recycling and other waste management and waste reduction methods will be encouraged. Additionally, the city will implement a system to convert waste into fertilizer, which will decrease the amount of space needed for waste accumulation as well as provide an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional fertilizer production methods.

No cars will be allowed in Masdar City, contributing to low carbon emissions within the city boundaries. Instead, alternative transportation options will be prioritized during infrastructure development. This means that a bike lane network will be accessible and comprehensive, and other options will also be available.

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Talk:Copyright protection

Untitled
This article needs some serious work. It should talk about copyright protection technologies and focus less on issues which belong in either copyright or intellectual property.

 * I removed the weird stuff about how this term should be avoided and cleaned it up to be a straight disambig. The article on copy protection technologies is copy protection. Tempshill 17:44, 7 March 2006 (UTC)

Copy Protection vs Copyright Protection
Digital copyright protection *is* a valid term and does not equate to a mismomer of copy protection - see here: http://www.watermarkingworld.org/faq.html#SECTION00024000000000000000 --MatthewKarlsen

 * I challenge the claim that "copyright protection" is a valid term - what that FAQ is talking about is tagging a file as being copyrighted. You could claim that "copyright protection" is a valid description of this, but it's a neologism, and Wikipedia isn't a soapbox to promote neologisms; and in any case, in 99.99% of cases where people use the term "copyright protection", they are just trying to say "copy protection" and don't quite know the term.  Tempshill 16:21, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Copyright protection


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The Anatomy of Melancholy

The Anatomy of Melancholy (full title: The Anatomy of Melancholy, What it is: With all the Kinds, Causes, Symptomes, Prognostickes, and Several Cures of it. In Three Maine Partitions with their several Sections, Members, and Subsections. Philosophically, Medicinally, Historically, Opened and Cut Up) is a book by Robert Burton, first published in 1621, but republished five more times over the next seventeen years with massive alterations and expansions.

Overview
On its surface, the book is presented as a medical textbook in which Burton applies his vast and varied learning, in the scholastic manner, to the subject of melancholia (or clinical depression). Although presented as a medical text, The Anatomy of Melancholy is as much a sui generis (unique) work of literature as it is a scientific or philosophical text, as Burton covers far more than the titular subject. Anatomy uses melancholy as a lens through which all human emotion and thought may be scrutinized, and virtually the entire contents of a 17th-century library are marshalled into service of this goal. It is encyclopedic in its range and reference.

In his satirical preface to the reader, Burton's persona and pseudonym "Democritus Junior" explains, "I write of melancholy by being busy to avoid melancholy." This is characteristic of the author's style, which often supersedes the book's strengths as a medical text or historical document as its main source of appeal to admirers. Both satirical and serious in tone, the Anatomy is "vitalized by [Burton's] pervading humour", and Burton's digressive and inclusive style, often verging on a stream of consciousness, consistently informs and animates the text. In addition to the author's techniques, the Anatomy's vast breadth – addressing topics such as digestion, goblins, the geography of America, and others – make it a valuable contribution to multiple disciplines.

Publication
Burton was an obsessive editor of his own work, publishing five revised and expanded editions of The Anatomy of Melancholy during his lifetime. It has often been out of print, particularly between 1676 and 1800. Because no original manuscript of the Anatomy has survived, later reprints have drawn more or less faithfully from the editions published during Burton's life. Early editions have entered the public domain, with several available from online sources such as Project Gutenberg. In recent decades, increased interest in the book, combined with its public domain status, has resulted in new print editions, most recently a 2001 reprinting of the 1932 edition by The New York Review of Books under its NYRB Classics imprint (ISBN 0-940322-66-8), and a new edition in 2023 under the Penguin Classics imprint, edited by Angus Gowland (ISBN 978-0-141192-28-4).

Synopsis
Burton defined his subject as:

"Melancholy, the subject of our present discourse, is either in disposition or in habit. In disposition, is that transitory Melancholy which goes and comes upon every small occasion of sorrow, need, sickness, trouble, fear, grief, passion, or perturbation of the mind, any manner of care, discontent, or thought, which causes anguish, dulness, heaviness and vexation of spirit, any ways opposite to pleasure, mirth, joy, delight, causing forwardness in us, or a dislike. In which equivocal and improper sense, we call him melancholy, that is dull, sad, sour, lumpish, ill-disposed, solitary, any way moved, or displeased. And from these melancholy dispositions no man living is free, no Stoic, none so wise, none so happy, none so patient, so generous, so godly, so divine, that can vindicate himself; so well-composed, but more or less, some time or other, he feels the smart of it. Melancholy in this sense is the character of Mortality... This Melancholy of which we are to treat, is a habit, a serious ailment, a settled humour, as Aurelianus and others call it, not errant, but fixed: and as it was long increasing, so, now being (pleasant or painful) grown to a habit, it will hardly be removed."

In expounding on his subject, Burton drew from nearly every science of his day, including psychology and physiology, but also astronomy, meteorology, theology, and even astrology and demonology.

Much of the book quotes ancient and medieval medical authorities, beginning with Hippocrates, Aristotle, and Galen. Hence the Anatomy is filled with more or less pertinent references to the works of others. A competent Latinist, Burton included a great deal of Latin poetry in the Anatomy, much of it from ancient sources left untranslated. Although his "citations" sound convincing, many are incorrect, taken out of context, or simply fabricated.

The Anatomy of Melancholy is especially lengthy, the first edition being a single quarto volume nearly 900 pages long; subsequent editions were even longer. The text has three major sections plus an introduction, written in Burton's sprawling style. Characteristically, the introduction includes not only an author's note (titled "Democritus Junior to the Reader"), but also a Latin poem ("Democritus Junior to His Book"), a warning to "The Reader Who Employs His Leisure Ill", an abstract of the following text, and another poem explaining the frontispiece. The following three sections proceed in a similarly exhaustive fashion: the first section focuses on the causes and symptoms of "common" melancholies, the second section deals with cures for melancholy, and the third section explores more complex and esoteric melancholies, including the melancholy of lovers and all manner of religious melancholies. The Anatomy concludes with an extensive index (which The New York Times Book Review called "a readerly pleasure in itself" ). Most modern editions add explanatory notes and translate most of the Latin.

Critical reception
Admirers of The Anatomy of Melancholy range from Samuel Johnson, Holbrook Jackson (whose Anatomy of Bibliomania [1930] was based on the style and presentation), George Armstrong Custer, Charles Lamb and John Keats (who said it was his favourite book) to Northrop Frye, Stanley Fish, Anthony Powell, Philip Pullman, Cy Twombly, Jorge Luis Borges (who used a quote as an epigraph to his story "The Library of Babel"), O. Henry (William Sidney Porter), Amalia Lund, William Gass (who wrote the Introduction to the NYRB Classics 2001 reprint), Nick Cave, Samuel Beckett and Jacques Barzun (who sees it anticipating 20th-century psychiatry). According to The Guardian literary critic Nick Lezard, the Anatomy "survives among the cognoscenti". Washington Irving quotes from it on the title page of The Sketch Book.

Burton's solemn tone and his endeavour to prove indisputable facts by weighty quotations were ridiculed by Laurence Sterne in Tristram Shandy. Sterne also mocked Burton's divisions in the titles of his chapters, and parodied his grave and sober account of Cicero's grief for the death of his daughter Tullia.

Online editions

 * The 1638 edition on Google Books
 * The Anatomy of Melancholy Online reading and multiple ebook formats at Ex-classics
 * The Anatomy of Melancholy at Making of America
 * The Anatomy of Melancholy at PsyPlexus
 * The Anatomy of Melancholy at Internet Archive – scan of 1896 edition
 * The Anatomy of Melancholy at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
 * The Anatomy of Melancholy at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)

Discussions of the book

 * "The Anatomy of Melancholy" In Our Time episode from BBC Radio 4
 * The New Anatomy of Melancholy – BBC Radio 4 exploration and modern extrapolation
 * The Complete Review discussion of The Anatomy of Melancholy

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Talk:Scottsdale, Arizona

Affluence and High Society contradiction with income
This article claims that Scottsdale is a center of affluence and "high society" and yet the very same article cites very low median and per capita incomes, thereby contradicting itself. With a per capita income of $39,158, Scottsdale is middle-class at best and a long way from being "high society." This contradiction alone proves how highly biased this article is and serves to discredit the neutrality and validity of Wikipedia.(talk) 00:37, 7 March 2008 (UTC) John Thorley

Read more of the article concerning income. Do not cherry pick information. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.2.200.136 (talk) 13:09, 21 November 2008 (UTC)

Scottsdale trash
I recently added some content which was removed by an editor. I expected it to be removed, but found the editor being from Germany most unsavory. Anyway, I added a tastefully constructed section title "perceptions outside the city". In this section I mention the term "Scottsdale trash", which is a commonly heard term to refer to people who are either from Scottsdale or perceived to be. I hear it most often in Flagstaff, which is where I live. This usage comes from the obvious resentment to them and their attitude and their need to be noticed. I also mentioned the recent real estate boom which many in Flag blame on "Scottsdale trash" like people. Have any of you ever heard or used this term? Do you feel it is deserving, and may an article on it be in order, if not a section in the main Scottsdale page?-Jim

it doesn't matter where you live or what you "hear". wikipedia must only contain information from reliable sources (printed or whatever). If you can find an article that uses the term "scottsdale trash" then go ahead and source it. imo an encyclopedic article doesn't need information about petty name-calling and resentment between American locals. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.251.204.24 (talk) 12:21, 3 September 2009 (UTC)

Snobsdale/Snotsdale
I saw this "article" and had to laugh. A little about me: I moved here in 2000. Since then, I've become very successful, a NY Times bestseller, and now that I've accomplished all that ... it's time to leave Scottsdale.

Quite honestly, I've found that rich people in Arizona DO NOT live in Scottsdale. They live in Arcadia, Paradise Valley, or the wealthiest zip code in all of AZ, 85302, which is in - gasp! - Glendale!

Scottsdale, unfortunately, is home to the fakes with 3 mortgages and 20 maxed-out credit cards. The wealthy simply do not live here. It's the phonies who live on credit and want you to *believe* they're successful who live here. Let me tell you, since achieving success myself, I've gotten to know lots and lots of millionaires, and nearly all of them are low-key and would never be caught dead living in a place like Scottsdale. And that's why I'm packing my bags and moving.

In addition, I was disturbed that the article cited many people & places that aren't even in Scottsdale but instead are in the beautiful City of Phoenix. For example, the Wrigley Mansion is in Phoenix - and not even close to the Scottsdale border. Paul Harvey is a resident of Phoenix, NOT Scottsdale, and again is miles from the border, too far to even consider him as being near Scottsdale. In all, this article is clearly a sham posted by yet another "$30,000 millionaire" as they're known locally. Sorry Scottsdale, but you're not even in the top 100 wealthiest towns in America. Heck, Paradise Valley, which is 10x more expensive than Scottsdale, ranked as #117, so you have a long, long way to go. The truth is that Scottsdale is not expensive. It is very, very affordable compared to where I grew up in the Northeast, and to where I'm moving to in CA. Want to know the #1 reason why people move to Scottsdale? Because it's cheap compared to any big city in the U.S. Look up the surveys for yourself.

Yes, I must second this. Scottsdale is not at all expensive compared to many, many U.S. locales. Please understand, resort places are never as wealthy as the places from which their residents came. The average income in Scottsdale is $50k, average house is $550k? That's typical of any good suburb in most major urban areas. Scottsdale really resembles a little Las Vegas, sans casinos, i.e. showy surface fanciness. This is a familiarly cheesy booster-type Wiki article. 216.80.81.193 22:17, 2 May 2007 (UTC)

Why is there NO reference to how this town is generally full of:

 * selfish little brats wasting their mommy and daddy's money,
 * stuck up rich people, namely women in their 40's-50's with a false sense of self accomplishment and arrogance, while their plastic surgeon and CEO husbands cheat on them with 19 year old girls,

etc.? Scottsdale has a huge reputation for this and you're probably not an Arizonan if you have never heard these two nicknames!

Scottsdale is a great city. Who cares if their residents have money? Who cares if some of the people are brats. You see brats everywhere. You can't take a city of 200,000 and label it "snobbsdale" because of the 500 16-18 year old girls who drive a luxury car and buy designer clothes. You suck it up and stop bitching.

 * I agree! I don't understand why *cough* morons *cough* keep deleting the "Snobbsdale" references. They're not POV! It's like going into the New York City article and deleting all references to "The Big Apple". Snobsdale is DEFINITELY a common nickname for it and if you don't like the sound of it, tough tits. --bī-RŌ 21:11, 6 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Oh, and don't forget that all the women in the town are rich, white (though tanned to leather), bottle blond, and have giant fake boobs. It's basically the Arizona version of Beverly Hills. --bī-RŌ 21:12, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

Alas, on Tuesday, an article was featured in the Chicago Tribune providing substantiated, hard proof of the 'Snottsdale' name; A new sin city: `Snottsdale'. From my hometown newspaper, no doubt. I rest my case, your honor. ;-) Dr. Cash 00:38, 7 July 2006 (UTC)

Anyone who lives in Scottsdale knows that we are lucky...to have grown up in a city like this usually means at least one of our parents has worked their ass off to get us there. Therefore, to sit there and pigeonhole every person in Scottsdale as being a snob is highly defensive. I've lived in Scottsdale for nine years and recently left for college and I have never heard ANYONE say "Shea Corridor" I hear the "Snobsdale" jokes usually only said by teenagers or low class, jealous idiots. I've never heard that as the "Nickname" haha...Scottsdale is also a very artsy town and to pigeonhole it into being similar to Newport Beach or something really irritates someone who has actually lived there. This doesn't even sound like a professional encyclopedia article. It sounds like a lame editorial or something. I think a lot of parts of this article need to be edited. It enrages me to see an article about my hometown written the way it is. This is ridiculous.
 * BOO HOO. Cry me a river. Scottsdale's nickname is Snottsdale, like it or not, and people should quit whitewashing the article to remove all references to it. Anyone who's been around the Phoenix area long enough has heard the name, and now it's even been in print. --bī-RŌ 00:46, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

--Born in AZ and having lived in Scottsdale (for 20+ years split between both North and South Scottsdale, though mostly in what would be classified as Old Town on here), Mesa, Tempe, Phoenix and Glendale I only ever heard the term "Shea Corridor" on Wikipedia, and the term "snottsdale/snobsdale" in the last year, from my Chicago transplanted in-law that lives in Glendale. In any case the term is somewhat unfair and misleading as it would really only apply to portions of the population residing in North Scottsdale. I have attended Little League games between North & South Scottsdale teams in South Scottsdale and heard comments from North Scottsdale parents regarding being disgusted at having to travel into the "white trash slums" of South Scottsdale. While North Scottsdale is generally wealthier than South Scottsdale (or at least more flamboyant about their wealth), the people of South Scottsdale (I consider Shea to be the general divider of North/South) as a whole are no snobbier than anywhere else in the border area of Tempe/Phoenix/Mesa.128.206.56.241 15:27, 25 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Please, I don't mean to be rude with any of this. I moved from Washington state last year to Tucson. A month or two ago, getting to know our new state, we visited Scottsdale; as we've done around the rest of the state. My God! Walking through that mall was like a Laguna Beach episode, and every discussion I overheard, just as vapid. It renewed my visceral disdain for everything associated with this phony, so-called "culture." I felt like I'd dropped a few I.Q. points just breathing the same air as these people. But there are other parts of town, and the antiquarian book shops are wonderful (though conspicuously empty--I suppose I was spoiled myself, living near Portland; which is virtually one big bookstore itself). I've been to wealthy places before, but this was just obscene. Like, time to start class warfare obscene. I don't doubt some people work very hard to become rich. I just find it a character defect that many are a slave to it - Bill Gates and Paul Allen were always low-key. In any case, while not wanting to generalize the whole town (and I'd rather spend time with the "white trash"), you've got to mention the epithets. Even I've heard them (maybe it's a transplant thing?). This is an encyclopædia. That means at least mentioning facts. Whether or not you agree that the epithet/s are justified; they do exist. It's no accident that Hollywood celebrities, and politicians (not mentioning any names) head straight to Scottsdale. I can understand being defensive though. I'm defensive of my home town, which was often disparaged as well (though for completely different reasons). Khirad 09:49, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

Some users in this discussion do not really know what they are talking about and overly jealous of Scottsdale residents

I was born in Scottsdale, and lived there until my 20s. Having lived in other parts of Arizona and the United States, I would say this nickname certainly applies. I have heard the label my whole life, from natives, transplants, and visitors. I agree that Scottsdalians do have a sense of superiority and entitlement, and pass off any criticism as jealousy. I do find the description of South Scottsdale in the article most untrue. The protrayal as a "white trash slum" full of strip clubs, check cashing joints and so on to be totally inaccurate, and only shows the bias of the North/ South division. In truth, Scottdale did not exisit beyond Shea until relatively recently: my family moved to the area in the 1950s and 1960s, when Shea was a two lane dirt road, and any decent monsoon flooded the Indian Bend Wash and cut off Scottsdale from the rest of Pheonix. I would be interested in seeing information on the history and development on the city as much as the glamour of the self- important. For being such a "great city," nothing in the world would tempt me to move back to Scottsdale. It is so true the charactarization of those who move to Scottsdale now: newly rich and flaunting it, with little class. 68.107.137.1 00:30, 27 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I've lived in Scottsdale, Tempe, or Paradise Valley, excepting a few overseas stints, for more than twenty years. We can like it or not like it, but Scottsdale is widely derided as "Snottsdale" by the working-class residents of less affluent suburbs (Tempe/Mesa/Chandler or, especially, the West Side).  While it would be inappropriate for WP to pass judgement on the tastes or intellectual capacities of the town's residents, it is encyclopedic to mention that the town has rather a negative reputation within the metropolitan area.  To delete mention of this is not being NPOV, it's suppressing mention of a widespread local perception.  ("Snobsdale" is a new one to me, though; maybe that's what the kids say today...)

 * It is also important, BTW, to mention the tremendous socioeconomic differences between the (increasingly Hispanic and working-class) south and the (essentially 100% white and very bourgeois) north, and that long-time residents of the south are often very touchy about being lumped in with the newly-arrived and newly-rich northerners.

 * Oh, and FWIW, North Scottsdale is anything north of Via Linda, whatever all you newcomers say. If you don't remember when they they sold firearms at Smitty's (that's Fry's supermarkets nowadays), or when the Pavillions were riding stables, you're not qualified to comment on the subject.  *grin* Tkinias 22:03, 30 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Tkinias, I remember buying Pogs from Smitty's, not guns though, ahh those were the days. Personally being born and raised in North Scottsdale for the last 24 years and being in the low-middle class my whole life (Yes, apartments and town homes exist everyone.) I honestly have heard the term "Snobbsdale" numerous times and wonder who people/kids were referring to, as it couldn't be me; I bought shoes from Payless (but that's another story).

 * Well the bourgeois part is a down right twist to the reality. Yes almost everyone here actually works for their money, but to use such a broad term and classify us as socialist in the same breathe is pretty harsh. I'll let you know I know plenty of Libertarians, and true Goldwater Republicans. A perfect example is the most recent vote to ban gay marriage, and the only state "not to make more laws", was Arizona. Sadly we lost the war over private property. (No smoking in businesses)

 * They are 1,000's of people in N.Scottsdale who aren't rich in any way shape or form. It has only been in the last 20 years North Scottsdale has grown, albeit insanely fast, I remember when 100th Street and Thunderbird was as far North/East N.Scottsdale went. Now it's 140st & BFE.

 * If WP wants to start "generalizing" whole cities by some bigots response, then what else would pass the mustard? Does it matter that I've heard the term before. I personally don't think so, I've heard many "other" terms which we don't publish and relate with as an informational resource. For example, WP doesn't classify certain races with "racial slangs" known to the public and post them as a resource. Correct? Nbbs 11:24, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

 * This article comes off like it was written by a paid employee of the city of Scottsdale. I kept skipping over many parts because its written in horrible fashion (unnecessary details), its waaaay too long for a city of Scottsdale's size (you'd think we were talking about New York, Chicago, or Phoenix for that matter), and it constantly keeps referring to housing prices, which are probably no longer correct since the entire country is now seeing a real estate slump. Portions of it come off as if it were attacking Phoenix (I don't think the Phoenix article stoops to attacking Scottsdale), and I don't need to know every existing or soon-to-be-existing hotel chain in Scottsdale. And Scottsdale Airport helps brings in $3 BILLION annually? Does Sky Harbor bring in that much? Hell, does LAX bring in that much?! Whatever, this article needs to be half the size, and not written by someone who thinks the state of Arizona would not function without Scottsdale. I have nothing against the city, but come on. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.192.14.194 (talk) 13:52, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

The whole introduction to the Arts and culture section should be rewritten. As an outsider, I'm not really interested in the Snobsdale controversy. If local people want to mention it somewhere, fine, but there must be more to arts and culture than that. The latter half of the introduction (TV jokes) looks like trivia to me. --Margin1522 (talk) 19:52, 22 August 2008 (UTC)

You guys really need to understand NPOV. This is the most embarrassing wikipedia discussion page I have ever seen. Your own anecdotal experiences do not count as a justified reason to edit the page in such a manner. Most of you are merely the other side of the same coin —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.2.200.136 (talk) 13:11, 21 November 2008 (UTC)

What can I say? What can I say? Some of these comments I've been reading are just plane funny, rediculous and stupid. Here to understand what Scottsdale is, is why there is wikipedia. First of all I LIVE IN SCOTTSDALE! Lets get that straight, I am fed up when people complain about Scottsdale Snob Material or compliment the beauty and enormous wealth of the city, who cares! I live in the 85259 zip code, up here its called NoSco or the 480 for short (cite those sources! and USE THEM). If you really want to know people in Scottsdale mainly are upper middle class realm people. Needless to say we have tons of homes for sale as of now because of the economy and lots of foreclosure, but its business as usual. I am lucky that we don't have that much crime up here though, and thats only because everything is petty. Daddys sue boy friends for saying I hate you to there little girl, mothers dress them up to look like dolls and its all about appearance, homiez (complete wannabies) think they are so cool they are not.

I don't CARE about Scottsdale, I just CARE that I am moving out of here in four years!

Here is what we need in this article:

City Motto or whatever it is: Take the most western town thing out, look up the facts, you will see, that its outdated and no longer complies with the new urban city, put in the 480, NoSco, both Snot and Snob comply and add in "The Wannabee City" if you look up facts you will see this is what our city is made up of! —Preceding unsigned comment added by NicofrNoSco480 (talk • contribs) 21:42, 29 December 2008 (UTC)

Please keep in mind that this talk page is for improving the article. Please try to limit the discussion here to just that. Thank you. - Raziel  teatime 19:49, 15 April 2009 (UTC)

I'm relative new to Arizona. Moved here in May 2015. Work in Scottsdale. Everytime I go down Hayden Rd, and past the sign that reads "Most Livable City", I have to laugh...because it's posted right next to a cemetery! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.203.97.130 (talk) 21:09, 24 February 2016 (UTC)

Something Else
Good work in moving the contents from Scottsdale, Ortolan88. I wasn't confident enough in my knowledge of the USA to do it myself! I'll put the bit you removed here on the Talk page, just in case anyone wants to debate it, although I will say straight away that I personally have no interest in seeing it put back. -- Oliver PEREIRA 02:16 Jan 26, 2003 (UTC)

 * "Nicknamed Snotsdale by many, this area hosts a variety of businesses, such as Soccer Express, Neiman Marcus, Starbucks Coffee amd the John Casablancas Modeling and Acting School."

Yes, this is just a wee touch too sarcastic to be encyclopedic... Tkinias 02:56, 1 December 2006 (UTC)

Removing Pima name from first line.
I moved the Pima name down from being listed alongside the name Scottsdale, to be consistent with the Tucson article. A full discussion of that situation was held at Talk:Tucson, Arizona. kmccoy (talk) 00:29, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * This is inconsistent with policy. You will have to hold an individual vote for each case, and even then it isn't technically alright to let a local poll override preexisting policy.

 * There is no policy on this matter other than the RFC that was held on Talk:Tucson, Arizona, and in which a number of interested parties joined. Perhaps you should call an RFC on making Tucson a special case, and keeping the first line names in these other cities.  As it stands, the non-English names for these cities get more space and more explanation if they are included as I've done, rather than without explanation at the top of the article.  I don't understand why you oppose including MORE information rather than less.  Why can't we find a happy place, node?  Why do you bring this issue up again after MONTHS of letting it rest?     kmccoy (talk) 03:58, 25 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't get it - you're the one who let my version stay but reverted it recently, and you're accusing ME of bringing it up again after months of letting it rest? Preexisting policy (naming conventions, style guide) is to do it the way I've done it. The RfC at Talk:Tucson, Arizona was a vote on which of two versions, which differed in more than one way, was better than the other. There was no sort of clause that people voted on that said "There is a certain principle here that should be held to all pages". If you want to make thing confusing and discriminatory, there needs to be another RfC which expressly states that it is NOT local and applies to ALL places on ALL continents, voting on whether to use your thing or mine. --Node 08:11, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Oh, you sillies! Get a life! I am removing the Piman name because we have not displayed the Maricopan, nor have we displayed the name in Apache, Navajo, or any of the "Pai" languages, which are spoken in the area and are indigenous.

 * They are indigenous to Arizona, but not to Scottsdale. Only O'odham is native to the Valley of the Sun, although you could make a case for including Yavapai and Western Apache, the linguistic borders of which were just north and east of most of the current Valley. --Node 06:22, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

The southern border of Scottsdale Old Town / South Scottsdale extends a mile south of McDowell Rd. all the way to Mckellips Rd. east of Scottsdale Rd. On the west side the border with Tempe is a half mile south to Roosevelt.

The Heard Museum is not located in Scottsdale, It is in downtown Phoenix on Central Av.
 * There is a branch of the Heard Museum, the Heard Museum North, in Scottsdale. See http://www.heard.org/visit-heardnorth.php. Tonio Kroger 18:51, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

Who wrote this page?
My understanding is that Scottsdale's only nickname is "The West's Most Western Town," I've seen it on signs all over town. (See also: http://www.scottsdaleaz.gov/historiczoning/arts.asp "The Chamber [of Commerce] proclaimed Scottsdale as the "West's Most Western Town" in 1947 ...")

My understanding is that the nickname "Beverly Hills of the Desert" was initiated in an article in the New York Times.

In the areas of town section... my understanding is that most people refer to that area as Shea - Near Shea, just past Shea, take a left at Shea, etc.

I'm curious if anyone who lives in Scottsdale has ever heard anyone say "Central Scottsdale"? Old Town and South Scottsdale are not the same thing. Old Town is pretty much ONLY the shopping area near Scottsdale Rd, south of Indian School Rd.

South Scottsdale can refer to anything south of Shea - depending upon who is talking and how long they've lived here or what mood they're in. As any resident knows, that's the big joke - where "South Scottsdale" begins.

Anyhow, if you're a contributor - I'm sorry for my previously harsh comments on this page and appreciate your work creating this article.

 * I did [not] right this article, but I'll agree that I've never heard someone who actually lived here say "Central Scottsdale"...there's no such thing. It's South Scottsdale and Old Town Scottsdale (shopping area) just like you said. If people want to get technical, North Scottsdale (Shea area) is [now] actually Central Scottsdale, (if you had to use the term) as N. Scottsdale starts roughly at Shea and goes up past Dynamite which is around 15 miles North of Shea. Talk about a drive. Nbbs 20:05, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

Shea Corridor change
I was one of the original contributors to expansion of the Scottsdale page however long ago that was, much ado was made of the "Central Scottsdale" label (which was not mine actually, but I made edits under it), Shea Corridor is a far better descriptive name that fits with actual usage. And I think the most recent comment is right, where "South Scottsdale" begins is indeed a big joke, but geographically, the "center" of Scottsdale is just south of Frank Lloyd Wright Blvd, which most would concede is "North Scottsdale." Bottom line - this article will change and morph just as the city's landscape does, as it is intended. And for the record, I've lived here for 23 years.

 * I didn't see your post until I posted above, but you sir are correct. 24 years. :P Nbbs 20:19, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

Great travel brochure
Not so great wikipedia article. Seriously, if I had a dime for every time the Scottsdale was mentioned as the, "top x for something," or for how many celebrities are named as potentially living in Scottsdale, I could probably afford to live there! Most of these "top x" lists need references at best, and we should probably look at pruning some of them from the article a bit. I already inserted a few references in places, but that's just a start. Dr. Cash 06:01, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I deleted some superfluous and not back up information to make it sound less travel brochurey. This article still needs a lot of work as most of it is boasting Scottsdale's greatness, though that is fine as Scottsdale makes most of its money from tourism and that is really what Scottsdale centers around, its relaxation. Sarasote 16:09 20 June 2006

Best Places in US to Live

 * CNN Money Report on the Best Places to Live

The above listed article on CNNMoney lists Scottsdale as the number 7 best place to live in the U.S. This article appears to be a bit more than your typical editorial, as they also provide a good overview of statistics on the city and other information. It probably can be used as a reference to help improve this article, too. Dr. Cash 21:57, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

Phil Mickelson
He doesn't live here! Let's stop kidding ourselves! - Unsigned comment from 205.244.41.26

 * Don't know who you are, since you left a quote only using your IP address and didn't put your name there. But I checked on Phil's official website, which lists his birthplace and residence as San Diego, California, but also lists him graduating from Arizona State University in nearby Tempe, Arizona in 1992, and lists an "Attachment" to Grayhawk Golf Club in Scottsdale. Not sure what the attachment means, but it's also interesting to note that his management company, Gaylord Sports Management, is based in Scottsdale. So he appears to have a connection to the city, but if we're looking at residence specifically, then no, he doesn't live in Scottsdale. Dr. Cash 02:12, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Phil Mickelson's primary residence was in Scottsdale for many years. Today, he owns a home here and splits his time between here and San Diego, but now I think hes moved to a different community and not San Diego proper. He is, unless he left, also an associate instructor at Grayhawk and likes to practice here. Perhaps it should be lisited under second-homes, but he spends more time here than just an average second-home user Sarasote 18:02, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

 * He doesn't split time between Scottsdale and San Diego. He spends the majority of his time in California and no longer owns a home in Scottsdale.

Xeriscaping
Stupid idea. Should be noted that Scottsdale implements this sort of landscaping but doesn't realize its negative effects to the urban heat island, only the immediate positive effects of using less water. Looks ugly too!

I contend that it is not ugly, except that I do not recommend falling on top of cacti.

Hopiakuta 01:43, 24 September 2006 (UTC)

"West's Most Western Town"
This has not been accurate since prohibition of new horse corral construction.

Hopiakuta 01:43, 24 September 2006 (UTC)

It's virtually all urban | suburban construction. Vacant desert shrunk. Fewer horses,...

hopiakuta 05:32, 24 September 2006 (UTC)

Former Scottsdale police chief Doug Bartosh in March of 2008 admitted: "Scottsdale certainly is not the West's Most Western Town anymore. It's a progressive city..." Wlindley (talk) 20:12, 3 May 2008 (UTC)

This
article needs more of:

Scottsdale Community College is on the Pima Reservation, Salt_River_Pima-Maricopa_Indian_Community;

the school mascot[s] are pink, gold & green [& white] artichokes;

Pima;

Akimel_O%27odham;

< http://www.saltriver.pima-maricopa.nsn.us >;

Cave_Creek%2c_Arizona;

Carefree%2c_Arizona;

Tohono_O%27odham;

Papago;

Hopi;

Hopituh Sinom;

Fountain_Hills [ Fountain_Hill ];

Paradise_Valley%2c_Arizona [ township ];

Paradise_Valley District, northeast Phoenix%2c_Arizona;

Maricopa;

Piipaash.

Thank You.

hopiakuta 20:57, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

I would dispute this edit, as most film stars would be either: adult, child, or, if neither, likely, dead:

< http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scottsdale%2C_Arizona&diff=78016841&oldid=77935090 >.

Thank You.

hopiakuta 19:14, 27 September 2006 (UTC)

Phoenix_Mountains

Salt_River_Mountains

South_Mountains_%28Arizona%29

South_Mountain_Park

Chandler%2c_Arizona

Guadalupe%2c_Arizona

hopiakuta ; [[ <nowiki> </nowiki> { [[%c2%a1]] [[%c2%bf]] [[ %7e%7e%7e%7e ]] } ;]] 03:34, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

Avondale%2c_Arizona

Tolleson%2c_Arizona

hopiakuta ; [[ <nowiki> </nowiki> { [[%c2%a1]] [[%c2%bf]] [[ %7e%7e%7e%7e ]] } ;]] 03:43, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Most of the above list are other cities in the Phoenix area, and not Scottsdale. Information about those other cities should be in their own city articles, not this one. The general neighborhood of Scottsdale is relevant, though, so linking to these other city articles would be fine. Dr. Cash 05:03, 27 November 2006 (UTC)

Hi, I am new here. I was wondering if this was a place to link a quality Scottsdale detailing company? If not, let me know. I wanted to share them because they recently took good care of my vehicle and really made me feel welcome to Scottsdale since I recently transplanted here from Detroit. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.106.49.194 (talk) 00:04, 25 July 2023 (UTC)

Health Concerns
I started a new topic for it because people keep adding to it, and it should be if anything at the end of the history section because it is the most recent event and did come after the city was founded. —Preceding unsigned comment added by AndrewHorne (talk • contribs)

 * Section removed. WTF was that all about?! It was poorly-written, unencyclopedic, and looked more like a personal rant than a section in an encyclopedia. Dr. Cash 20:52, 21 February 2007 (UTC)

This information reappeared again, as three paragraphs added to the beginning of the 'history' section, and it has been removed. I did do some research, however, and the information is not completely unfounded. This EPA link provides information about the Indian Bend Wash Superfund site in Scottsdale and Tempe. Some information about this probably should be added to the article in some form or another, but I still don't think that three paragraphs at the BEGINNING of 'history' is appropriate. It can be condensed down to a sentence or two and a reference citation added. Dr. Cash 04:59, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I've added a few sentences, with a reference, to the 'economy' section on the TCE issue, and reverted Devawn's diatribe from the 'history' section again. A look at his edit history indicates that his only contributions to wikipedia are edits to this article and this issue. I suspect that Devawn is going to continue to attempt to use this wikipedia article as his personal soapbox with regard to this issue, though. Dr. Cash 19:38, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

The History section has been changed again to include the TCE issue. As before, this does not belong at the beginning of the history section (it certainly didn't happen before the Hohokam lived here). Also, since there is a section about this in the Economy section, it seems redundant to include it here as well. Not sure if the Economy section is the best place for it either, but the beginning of the history section is clearly wrong. Innebandy 21:46, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I've moved and rewritten that section. It does not go at the beginning of the history section. Putting it there seems to tell me that someone is trying to promote their own issue, which not what wikipedia is for. The section was also written like a high school essay, so I have rewritten it and added proper references. Dr. Cash 21:56, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

Wow, was this page written by Bill Scottsdale?
This is the most pro-Scottsdale site on the Internet. Sincerely, Mum!a —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 68.84.220.161 (talk) 05:17, 11 April 2007 (UTC).

 * Agreed. It's like reading a brochure entitled "The Awesomeness of Scottsdale." 96.227.147.168 (talk) 23:29, 20 February 2010 (UTC)

unsourced population info removed from lead
I removed the following paragraph from the lead section, as it is unsourced, and not very well written:

 * ''"It should be noted that an additional 72,757 people have a Scottsdale mailing address but do not actually live in Scottsdale according the Census Bureau in 2000. Interestingly, of all the cities in the Phoenix metropolitan area, it has the largest surplus of people with a mailing address to not actually live in the city.  More than half of these people live in the 85254 zip code, which is 90% Phoenix land.  Other people with Scottsdale mailing addresses may live in other smaller areas of east Phoenix, unincorporated Maricopa County, or the Salt River Indian Reservation."

''

If it is added back in, it needs a source. It also probably should not go in the lead, as it's really not all that important. Maybe put it under 'demographics', but not the lead. Dr. Cash 18:19, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

Indian Bend Wash Parks/Performing Arts Center/McCormick Ranch added to history
I added three items to the history portion.

1. The parks in the Indian Bend Wash. This was a defining part of the history of the city as it provided the first major differentiation among the nearby towns. It was an achievement in its own right to build a park system in a wash, an untried idea at the time. And it hopefully will preserve the idea for children reading it that there is sometimes a better way of doing things than the tried and true. I recall their being a fight over the canal vs. parks, but I don't recall if it was decided by referendum or by the city council, so I left the wording the more ambiguous "voted by the city".

2. The discussion of the McCormick Ranch/Scottsdale ranch being opened up for development following the addition of the parks shows the roots of the north/south scottsdale income disparity and the origins of the snobsdale nickname, while recognizing the first Talk Point about the monied portions of Scottsdale being somewhat of a nuveau riche issue.

3. The annexation wars between Phoenix and Scottsdale, which was done only to show how the present day western boundary was arrived at.

I also added the sign law and fire department portions. Although I can't attest to the progressive nature of the city government today, those ideas were also controversial at the time, and although the fire department privatization never took off, visitors may wonder about the color of the fire engines (I assume they are still yellow) and Scottsdale was a leader on the sign law (it was the first to take it to the supreme court, but I don't recall if it was the first to adopt the sign law).

I was born in South Scottsdale in 1961, went to Hohokam Elementary for K-8 and Coronado High for all four years, moving away in 1979. I worked as a volunteer for the City Parks and Rec department in the 70s, so I was privy to the discussions regarding the parks and the development of the performing arts center. I recall the 119 record heat day of 1970 clearly: my mom cracked an egg on the sidewalk to see if it would cook. It sat there all afternoon but didn't actually cook, though it did sear the day in my memory.

The residents of the southern part of town were so poor in the 60s and 70s, that my high school counselor for colleges (who was the drivers ed teacher) actually berated me for daring to apply to Harvard and Stanford in 1978, telling me that "No one from this school ever got into schools like that: your dad has to donate a football field before they let you go there. Your application fees are money down the drain." I got in and the next year, my understanding is about half the school applied to Stanford - proof that I really was seen as kind of a goof off, and people figured if I could do it, anyone could. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Stanford1993guy (talk • contribs).

It's important that the idea that a park system could really elevate a town should not be lost. It is my hope that after all the editing (and removing) is said and done, that the idea that a park system could set in motion a change of a town from a modest income city to a rich one will be part of the history of the city. If you had been around in the 60s, you'd realize how important the addition of the park system instead of an ugly canal really was, and the fact that it turned a sleepy, middle or lower income town into a much richer one was quite an accomplishment over the Army Corps, who really wanted to build the canal.

I recall El Dorado park being built first, and almost immediately being flooded by the wash, which again flowed after yet another "99 year" storm (storms that were supposed to be so rare, they would only occur every 99 years). I don't recall at the time whether the rest of the system had already been approved or whether the successful test of El Dorado park resulted in the rest of the park system being approved, but public support for the system was certainly enhanced when people saw how quickly after the wash flowed that El Dorado park could be restored. Stanford1993guy 17:54, 19 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks for adding this information. Although it's a bit long, a little paraphrasing and copyediting couldn't hurt. Also, it's unreferenced; wikipedia content must be verifiable. Could you provide a reference for where you got this info? You can find more information regarding citing sources and including inline citations in article text at WP:CITE. Thanks! Dr. Cash 21:56, 26 August 2007 (UTC)

Oh sorry. It was all done from memory, and I don't live in the area any longer so finding references, most of which would be in the scottsdale public library, is not possible. If no one is up to the task of locating the references, then feel free to edit or even delete the part I wrote. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Stanford1993guy (talk • contribs) 03:05, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

Well, a year and a half later, it appears that the city has posted a fantastic reference on line that confirms everything I had recalled, so I guess the brain cells haven't completely died yet. I added the reference and so I consider the whole affair to not only be verifiABLE, but verified. It's my hope that the information added about the Indian Bend park system be kept as a reference. The fact that Scottsdale was initially inhabited by Hohokam Indians for example is not NEARLY as relevant to how Scottsdale became the city that it is as the park system. It turned an ordinary suburb into a fantastic suburb and allowed the city to move more family friendly and thus, upscale. Stanford1993guy (talk) 06:31, 22 March 2009 (UTC)

El Dorado Park's amphitheater is now "The Wedge" skate park. Was the theater really ever used for performances? It seems such a waste... surely the high schools used to play Saturday concerts? Can't we do that again? What's the history of it? Wlindley (talk) 04:54, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

The amphitheater was used for Free Thursday night summer concerts operated by the City of Scottsdale Parks and Recreation Department that began at sundown during the spring and summer months from the mid 60s to at least the mid 70s. People brought lawn chairs or towels and sat on the grass looking towards the water, and the bands played near the water, aiming the speakers up towards the pool and the recreation building. The bands were either unpaid, or paid a nominal fee, so they were decent, but not great. To my knowledge, no plays were ever performed there, as the Coronado High School theater would have been a much better venue, right across the street. The amphitheater sat unused during nights other than Thursday nights in the spring and summers, and so a skateboard park is a much better use for that space, as I am sure it is enjoyed every day, year round. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.142.77.166 (talk) 04:11, 18 June 2008 (UTC)

Not neutral or proven
"The nouveau riche that quickly filled these more expensive homes became the butt of many jokes and the source of the "Snottsdale" or "Snobbsdale" nickname: both made by the lower middle class residents remaining in south Scottsdale, and the "old money" residents of Paradise Valley and portions of Phoenix around Camelback Mountain who refused to move to Scottsdale, in spite of the relatively sparse recreational facilities of those areas."

I removed the last part because Im from Scottsdale and many residents here call it Snobsdale. Not just poorer people or old people. Please, that cant even be verified and is an insult anyway. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.238.83.35 (talk) 16:15, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

I have lived in Scottsdale since 2000, and I can attest to the nickname "Snobsdale" or "Snotsdale." People in Scottsdale are the most stuck up arrogant ignoramuses I have ever met. For example, I once pointed out that the Winter weather in Central Florida and South Florida was generally warmer than Scottsdale in December through February of each year. The person got his nose out of joint at the "insult" to Scottsdale. All you have to do is look in the daily newspaper, and you will see that I am correct.John Paul Parks (talk) 19:25, 29 August 2016 (UTC)

George Washington Scott
Not sure but I think you have a link to the wrong George Washington Scott. It's possible that there was more than one George Washington Scott in the U.S. The time periods and locations don't match up. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.236.22.138 (talk) 00:18, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

Old Town
I've removed the 'old town' main section from the article. (a) It doesn't go into its own main section, as its a subsection of geography and cityscape. So it's placement as a main section is out of place and totally inappropriate and unacceptable. (b) The section is written like a tourist brochure and not an encyclopedia article. Too much flowery language. I've reproduced it here on the talk page to editors can work on incorporate the bits and pieces of notable information that might be remotely acceptable at putting into the article back in, into the appropriate places. Dr. Cash (talk) 18:38, 23 October 2008 (UTC)

''In the late 90s, residential and resort development pushed north, driving residents out of downtown Scottsdale and relocating to the northern fringes. For several years, the downtown core suffered. Most stores and shops sold Indian and Western trinkets, losing appeal to younger residents. However, the recent developments, have pushed more residents downtown and transformed downtown Scottsdale into one of the densest urban developments in the Phoenix area. Over a thousand new luxury condomium units are slated to be built in the heart of downtown Scottsdale, most starting at $1 million. These developments include Optima Camelview Village, Safari Drive, Main Street Plaza, The Mark, Third Avenue Lofts, and X-Ten Wine Lofts. By 2008, downtown is expected to have over 6,500 residents, up from 1,500 in 2000.

Safari Drive, developed on the north-east corner of Scottsdale and Camelback, will create more street-scape retail to complement the currently present stores.

In addition, a plethora of luxury hotels and mixed-use developments have sprung up along the once desolate canal, including the W Scottsdale, Hyatt Place at Old Town, Hotel Valley Ho, Scottsdale Mondrian, Firesky Resort & Spa, and the British Hotel Indigo. Several hotels are currently slated to open in the district. The new shopping district, Palmeraie, in Old Town will feature Scottsdale's first Ritz-Carlton Hotel and Ian Schrager's Edition Hotel. The environmentally-friendly Element, a new concept by Westin will open along the Arizona Canal in the Southbridge development. Many trendy restaurants have also recently opened in the midst of Scottsdale's revitalization.

Waterfront
Adjacent to Nordstrom at Scottsdale Fashion Square is the newly built retail center known as the Scottsdale Waterfront, featuring several upscale eateries and boutiques. The Scottsdale Waterfront is so named because it is located along 1,800 linear feet of the Arizona Canal and is one of the first phases of a master plan to create a pedestrian-friendly experience along the lines of the San Antonio Riverwalk. The twin 13-story Scottsdale Waterfront residential towers are the most prominent addition to the downtown skyline, with condominiums pricing as high as $4.5 million or $1,000 per square foot. Each tower has a rooftop pool and spa with views of the entire city.

Pink Taco, a restaurant originally begun at the Hard Rock Cafe in Las Vegas, opened its second restaurant location here, creating controversy not only locally, but also debated nationally, most significantly on Jon Stewart's The Daily Show.

SouthBridge
Groundbreaking for a new $41 million retail/residential mixed-use project began in mid-2006. The European-style center, located directly across the canal from the Waterfront, is leased only to independent eateries and boutiques, turning away prominent national retailers. The development includes the construction of a bridge over the canal to adjoin Fashion Square to Old Town and 5th Avenue shops. The center has opened six restaurants and over 20 local boutiques. The project also includes a variety of office users in the floors above the eateries and shops. ''

Traditional Dwelling on Hayden and Indian Bend
I didn't write the original text that describes the traditional dwelling, but I can verify that it was there in the early 60s and as late as the mid sixties. I recall it being sort of a hut. However, I very clearly remember that they would put up an honest to goodness tee pee next to it sometimes. I vagely remember horses being tied up to a hitching post near it as well. Someone will inevitably put up a photo of it someday, and that will of course be an official verification. However, I would not take that sentence down from the history of Scottsdale, as it was pretty clearly the last vestige of Indian history in Scottsdale city limits.

The only Pharmacy in Scottsdale in those days was Margraff pharmacy near the tee pee. One benefit of being sick as a little kid was that your mom would have to drive to the pharmacy and you got to see the tee pee. The pharmacy caught fire in the late 60s or early 70s, and Mr. Margraff rushed into the building again and again to pick up boxes of paper files holding essentially the prescriptions for most of the town, which he then threw onto the sidewalk to save them from the fire. He suffered mild burns or smoke inhalation and was taken to the hospital, so he was not able to immediately retrieve the files, so as people came to see view the burned building that day, piles of prescription files were still in crushed boxes on the ground. That was dedication!Stanford1993guy (talk) 06:42, 22 March 2009 (UTC)

In popular culture
I've removed this section from the article, containing the following content (bullet points):

 * In the South Park episode "The Ungroundable" it is referred to as "the most horrible, miserable place on Earth" by the "Goth kids", who then decide to FedEx the head "Vamp" kid there.

 * In 2006, Marissa Mishelle and one of the Scottsdale High Schools, Desert Mountain High School was featured on the MTV program My Super Sweet Sixteen.

 * Another one of Scottsdale's High Schools, Coronado High School, was featured in the 80's classic, "Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure"

 * In "The Office" Jan Levenson often claims to be visiting her sister in Scotsdale, but it is implied she is/has been doing otherwise

 * In the movie "Superbad", character Evan stumbles into a room full of people conducting illicit activities. One of the guys claims his buddy came all the way from Scottsdale to visit and asks Evan to sing a tune.

Most of this is simply not notable. If we're going to make a list of every time that a city is merely mentioned in radio or television, the article will get overwhelmed with this stuff. Some things are notable, and belong in a 'media' section -- e.g. actual movies TV shows that were filmed in the city -- but high schools that were supposedly "featured" in some cartoon. Gimme a break!

Wikipedia also favors prose, as opposed to bulleted lists, for this anyways. Dr. Cash (talk) 13:55, 23 March 2009 (UTC)

Not to be picky, but you combined two facts into one: "but high schools that were supposedly "featured" in some cartoon." The high school was mentioned in Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure, which is a movie while the entire city is mentioned in the cartoon Southpark. You seem to have mixed these two facts together. (Movie Codec Master (talk) 07:58, 23 July 2009 (UTC))

 * You seem to have missed the point. Neither is really notable. Dr. Cash (talk) 14:34, 23 July 2009 (UTC)

While reading the article for Scottsdale, AZ, I noticed what appears to me to be a significant discrepancy under "Demographics" with the following entry:

 * As of the census[26] of 2000, there were 202,705 people, 290,669 households, and 94,492 families residing in the city. The population density was 424.9/km² (1,100.4/mi²). There were 104,974 housing units

 * I can't comprehend how there can be 290,669 households for 94,492 families but 104,974 housing units. I looked at entries for other cities in the same area and did not see that kind of disparity in numbers. Rlpowelson —Preceding unsigned comment added by Rlpowelson (talk • contribs) 01:16, 14 July 2009 (UTC)

Namesake
Article says that U.S. Army chaplain Winfield Scott purchased land in 1888 (twenty years after 1868 canal improvements) but links to a Winfield Scott who was an army General and died in 1866. Which is correct? Wlindley (talk) 03:58, 4 December 2009 (UTC)

Not the same Winfield Scott. I just stumbled across your comment after a long thread of surfing trying to figure out why there's no page for Chaplain Scott...will work on that shortly! John Washington —Preceding unsigned comment added by JohnDWashington (talk • contribs) 23:49, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

Honorary consuls?
Does anyone besides Eesticonsul think it useful for the article to list honorary consuls in Scottsdale? Plazak (talk) 14:02, 11 January 2011 (UTC)

Note that the present list is of honorary consuls. For instance, in the case of Estonia, although included in the list of honorary consuls in Scottsdale, there is apparently no Estonian consulate in Scottsdale with actual office hours (see ref: - Plazak (talk) 15:00, 11 January 2011 (UTC)

 * I've removed the list of consulates from the page. Wikipedia is not a directory. Lots of cities have consulates. Los Angeles probably has quite a bit more than Scottsdale. The information is not relevant to the article. WTF? (talk) 16:01, 11 January 2011 (UTC)

 * I think that a list of actual working consulate offices would be useful, but a list of honorary consuls is a bit trivial. Plazak (talk) 16:04, 11 January 2011 (UTC)

who the hell wrote this article?
And how was it rated B-class? This article is filled with so much garbage, unsourced bologna, and embellishments that it looks like it was written by Bristol Palin right before she moved in! Seriously. I would almost recommend mass deletion of most of this junk and starting over from scratch. WTF? (talk) 19:06, 3 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Who wrote it? Check the page history and see for yourself. Other than "mass deletion", which seems fairly unlikely, would you care to make some suggestions to improve the article? - SummerPhD (talk) 22:02, 3 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Too much garbage; I'm going to go thru the article line by line, and check where references are needed. If no references forthcoming with then edit this lines out.Mwinog2777 (talk) 18:03, 31 March 2012 (UTC)

Structure
Hi. I'm going through all the US Cities (as per List of United States cities by population) in an effort to provide some uniformity in structure. Anyone have an issue with me restructuring this article as per WikiProject Cities/US Guideline. I won't be changing any content, merely the order. Occasionally, I will also move a picture just to clean up spacing issues. I've already gone through the top 20 or so on the above list, if you'd like to see how they turned out. Thoughts? Onel5969 (talk) 16:24, 12 March 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Scottsdale, Arizona. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20090727021549/http://www.eastvalleytribune.com:80/story/104382 to http://www.eastvalleytribune.com/story/104382

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 21:57, 27 February 2016 (UTC)

Attractions
There are several attractions within the city of Scottsdale. There is the newly built Great Wolf Lodge water park and hotel right off of the 101 freeway. The Talking Stick Resort is an attraction and a part of the Scottsdale night life with their 98,000 square feet casino. Within the same vicinity, you can see Butterfly Wonderland, OdySea Aquarium that holds over 30,000 animals in 2,000,000 gallons of water, iFly Zone and many shopping centers including Fashion Square, just north of Old Town Scottsdale. Fashion Square introduces Old Town Scottsdale being in the top 30 largest malls in the country and providing upscale shopping and luxury. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Trcasey1 (talk • contribs) 05:10, 28 February 2020 (UTC) Trcasey1 (talk) 05:19, 28 February 2020 (UTC)

Mostly wrong
There is so much wrong with this article, it's hard to know where to begin. The current dollar value of Winfield Scott's purchase is wrong. Many of the attractions listed as being in Scottsdale, including Talking Stick Resort, OdySea Aquarium, etc., are not in Scottsdale but rather on the abutting Indian reservation. The spire in North Scottsdale may have been inspired by Frank Lloyd Wright, but was created decades after Wright's death. The city is now mostly land-locked, so its growth in size is nearly zero, not as suggested by the article. The phraseology is poor and not objective (the airpark became "a hotspot"). The article suggests the Salt River Valley is synonymous with "Valley of the Sun" which is incorrect. It says the airpark is destined to become the larges employment center by 2010 - now it's 2023 and that's still not true. Mention of religion is inaccurate. It says the Jokake Inn is still on the grounds of the Phoenician - wrong! The list of inaccuracies and poorly written areas goes on and on. 72.201.46.49 (talk) 17:35, 20 July 2023 (UTC)

Sundown Town
It should be noted that Scottsdale had sundown laws. This is an important part of its history. Snowballbird (talk) 22:32, 6 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Scottsdale, Arizona