text:
Offside (rugby)

In rugby football, the offside rule prohibits players from gaining an advantage from being too far forward. The specifics of the rule differ between the two major codes.

Rugby union
Offside laws in rugby union are complex. However the basic principle is simple: a player may not derive any advantage from being in front of the ball.

When the ball is carried by a single player in open play, any other player on the same team who is in front of the ball carrier is in an offside position. When the ball is in a ruck, maul, scrum or line-out, any player who is in front of the hindmost foot of the hindmost player of the same side in the ruck/maul/scrum/lineout is in an offside position. When the ball is in a scrum, the scrum-half must remain behind the ball and all other players not in the scrum must remain behind a line parallel to the goal-line and five metres behind the hindmost foot. A player in an offside position is forbidden from interfering with play in any way. In particular, a player in an offside position
 * may not receive a pass (forward passes are illegal in any event)
 * may not enter a ruck, maul or scrum
 * may not play the ball
 * may not move towards the ball
 * may not move towards, tackle or obstruct a player of the opposing team who has the ball, or who is waiting to receive the ball
 * must move at least 10 metres away from any opponent who is waiting to receive the ball

Infringement of any of these rules is generally punished with a penalty awarded to the opposing team. The opposing team may choose instead a scrum at the location where the offending team last played the ball. However, if the infringement was accidental (e.g. a player receives a forward pass without intending to be in an offside position) then a scrum is awarded at the location of infringement.

A player who is in an offside position remains offside until played onside in one of several ways:
 * a teammate who has remained onside runs ahead of the offside player (this may be either the ball carrier/kicker or another teammate who has remained behind the ball carrier/kicker)
 * the offside player runs behind the ball carrier/kicker
 * an opponent at least 10 metres away from the offside player kicks, passes, intentionally touches, or runs 5 metres with the ball

At a lineout only players in the line (normally 7 per team), a receiver (often the scrum-half) and a thrower (usually the hooker) from each team are allowed within 5 metres of the line, however the defending hooker must be at least 2 metres from the line so as not to disturb the other thrower. The remaining players must be more than 10 metres away from the line or they will be penalised. They may move closer only to catch a long throw-in, or after the line-out ends, when the ball or a player carrying it leaves the lineout in any direction.

If a player kicks the ball, out of hand, from the dead ball area, players can be in front of the kicker, as long as they do not leave the dead ball area before the ball has been kicked.

Rugby league
A defending player is offside if they are less than 10 metres away from the play-the-ball (or, if the play-the-ball is inside his 10-metre line, closer to it than the try-line is) when the ball is played. He is also offside if, during open play, he is closer to the opposition's try-line than the ball. At a scrum a defending player is also offside if he is less than 5 metres away from the base of the scrum.

An attacking player is offside if he is in front of the ball: if he is in front of a ball which is then kicked, he can be put onside if the kicker subsequently moves ahead of him before the ball is caught. If not, he must stand 10 metres away from the player who catches the ball (as if he were the acting half-back at a play-the-ball) or be penalised.

title: Offside (rugby)


text:
Talk:Offside (rugby)

You are well offside in english grammar. The piece obviously needs a diagram to spare the poor reader from the injurious literacy. Domskitect (talk) 18:49, 19 March 2009 (UTC)

This needs the info for league. I don't think it's different enough to warrant its own article. Sorry if I'm wrong. Bagpuss I'd have to say you are.

 * Thanks for that. Bagpuss

Do you think it would be useful to describe a bit more about offside? For example, the defending side offside at rucks and mauls, etc.? Also, your comment about being offside if infront of the ball kicker is true only if the players are attempting to play the ball. the kicker (typically the full back) can put them onside by becomming the furthest forward attacking player (i.e. chasing his own kick) at which time they all become onside. This might be too much for an intro to offside though. Casualobserver 14:41, 7 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Intro line
This article should have an intro line briefly describing the purpose of offside in rugby football, history of the rule, or whatever, before moving in to sections (as per MOS). I don't know much about the rule, so if there are any rugby rule gurus out there here is your chance to shine :-)  --Daveb 07:19, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

throwing the ball sideways
Is the offside rule the rule that requires rugby players to throw the ball sideways? Or is that a separate rule or modified offide rule? If so, this should be made clear in the article. The first thing that people notice about rugby is that you can't just throw the ball forward to a team mate - so it should be explained if this is or isn't the offide rule. Aaron McDaid (talk - contribs) 12:50, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Offside (rugby)


text:
Talk:Urinary incontinence

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Gomer2.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 12:10, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 1 July 2019 and 23 August 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Davdang, Cindytrac, Gabidriller, RwengUCSF, AMONGxicillin.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 12:10, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Public domain sources
Original public domain sources for much of this page: — Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.253.40.142 (talk • contribs) 18:23, 25 February 2003
 * http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/urolog/pubs/uiwomen/uiwomen.htm
 * http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/urolog/pubs/uichild/uichild.htm

ABDL Content
Please see Talk:ABDL as to why I feel this content is not appropriate. brenneman (t) (c) 12:08, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

This page could use some changes
(Unsigned edit by 24.222.204.78 (talk • contribs • block • [ block log ]) ) Does anyone know how often an event must occur to be considered urinary continence. Everyone says keep a diary. But what does the doctor look for from the diary? Go to urology on google for some excellent sources that can be referenced What about the use of a urethra support sling.. what are the benefits of that.. on younger women
 * Nothing is said about management of UI e.g. with catheters or absorbent products. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.6.8.72 (talk) 12:09, 14 April 2008 (UTC)
 * It only mentions UI in women and children - nothing about men. Most of the generic (non gender-related) information is under the "UI in women" section. No mentions of BPH (enlarged prostate) anywhere either.
 * Nothing is said about general impact (toilet mapping, avoiding social exposure, associated costs, etc)
 * Nothing is said about psychological consequences (isolation, shame, anxiety, depression, etc)
 * The resource section has only 1 external link which could be moved to external links perhaps. Lots more resources could be added (NAFC, Continence Foundation, etc... There are lots and lots of them).
 * More treatment options exist nowadays, and as far as medications, none of the most widely used ones are mentionned (detrol and ditropan), not even using generic names.
 * No statistics or figures of any kind (like prevalence) are mentionned
 * No description of stop of urine flow muscles (2) at least in men and how the remaining one can be strengthened in the case of say a radical prostectomy where one is removed. Does the "Kegel" exercise work ror both sexes?
 * Content in Enuresis is over simplified, more the sort of thing you would see in simple English Wikipedia. Fema5 (talk) 00:13, 30 November 2009 (UTC)

Incontinence in children
The section in question needlessly repeats information stated earlier in the article, and the first two sub-headings are rather awkwardly phrased. Secondly, it reads like it was copied from a website with a much younger target audience. 70.68.181.169 10:36, 16 May 2006 UTC What about the option of a urethral support sling as a remedy option for younger women

Highly Sexist Content
Article contains virtually nothing about male conditions, their causes, and treatment, which is par for the course. The article should probably be renamed Incontinence (Female) -- but on the other hand, knowing the incidental priority doctors give their male patients, there might never be an article about Incontinence (Male). 68.5.64.178 08:07, 17 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Please feel free to add that information yourself. WhatamIdoing (talk) 06:32, 17 January 2008 (UTC)

Enuresis Redirect
The enuresis stub article was changed to a redirect to this page. I would appreciate input about whether or not this is correct. I have two questions:

1) Should the redirect point here? 2) If not, should it point to bedwetting or should it be a standalone page?

Here is the background. From my reading on the subject, there is some change occurring in the use of the term enuresis. Historically, the word has been used as:
 * Synonymous with incontinence
 * Referred to intermittent wetting, either during the day or night.
 * Referring exclusively to bedwetting

The eMedicine definition is an example of this historical vagueness: "In North America, the term is used to refer to wetting by night or day, and nighttime wetting is referred to as nocturnal enuresis (NE)." Does this mean enuresis = incontinence?

There is a recent push to clarify the term, having it only apply to bedwetting. The ICCS has proposed a, "Standardization of Terminology for Lower Urinary Tract Function in Children and Adolescents." The reporting committee defines enuresis as,
 * "Synonymous to intermittent nocturnal incontinence. It means incontinence in discrete episodes while asleep. Enuresis (or nocturnal incontinence) is a symptom and a condition."

So, the current push is to clarify the usage of enuresis to be synonymous with betwetting.

I had intended to edit the enuresis stub to explain this, but it was changed to a redirect before I could add the information. My thought is to revert the change and add the explaination about the changing usage. Please share your input. Wshallwshall (talk) 04:15, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I was thinking along the same lines when I made the redirect, but I decided that instead of explaining Enuresis in a stand-alone article, it would be better incorporated into Urinary incontinence. UI is a medical subject that I think would benefit from a broad encyclopedic treatment.  Otherwise, there is too much disambiguation needed, repeated, on each article.  On the other hand, if the article delves into the history of the recognition of enuresis as episodic urinary incontinence while asleep, and the history of its supposed causes and management, separate from other forms of UI, then Enuresis may stand on its own. --Una Smith (talk) 03:41, 19 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the response. That's a good point. A separate enuresis page would need to be a combination of a disambiguation page and an explaination of the changing usage of the term. It would be tricky, because people would be likely to start editing the page and adding content to it. Maybe adding a tag at the top of this page and an explanation to the UI text would be be better. You've made a good point. Since there's no rush, I'm going to think about it for a few days and see if any suggestions come in. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Wshallwshall (talk • contribs) 07:51, 19 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Enuresis is one of many forms of UI; I moved it from the lead to the Types section, which already is a long disambig of sorts.  I stuck enuresis in the lead only because the old Enuresis stub described it as UI, and I was feeling lazy.  --Una Smith (talk) 14:23, 19 March 2008 (UTC)
 * From reading both articles, suggestion is that enuresis = more pediatrics, more physchiatry. Similar to encopresis and fecal incontinence, or parcopresis and anismus... keep separate articles in all these cases imo. 15:08, 12 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Agreed on the subject of keeping them as separate articles. Enuresis is more related to pediatrics and psychiatry. Compare the trees (be sure to scroll down) on these pages from the National Library of Medicine on Enuresis and Urinary Incontinence . The enuresis page does mention that it can be in adults, but it also refers to that classification in children and adults as being primary (continuing from childhood in the case of adults) or secondary, which, oddly enough, doesn't have to be adult-onset, so I'm a tad confused by that, but anyway, it classifies it separately.
 * Additionally, the Merriam-Webster Dictionary entry on enuresis, if you scroll down to the "Consise Encyclopedia" heading, specifically refers to it being in children. --173.88.113.201 (talk) 01:17, 19 February 2013 (UTC)

Japanese Children Late at Toilet-training?
I ask if this is reliable because (a) the reference links now lead to a redirect with no article. (b) the Japanese Wikipedia says the exact opposite. Look at the Use in Other Countries section of the Japanese diaper article (with babelfish, if necessary). It explains the popularity of disposable diapers in the West by heavy babies and very late toilet training. Can anyone find a better (preferable existing) source for these studies? Estemi (talk) 19:31, 18 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I don't have any good sources for Wikipedia but this is something many "attachment parenting" (AP) parents get into, and they all agree that in Asian cultures toilet training happens earlier than in "the west". It is true that in the US toilet training indeed is happening later and later.  However, I have not seen proof of a causal link from increased use of disposable diapers to later toilet training.  It is my understanding that in the US toilet training is happening later even when parents use cloth diapers.  There is also a complicating factor:  changing patterns of care giving for pre-school children.  Diaper or no diaper is a very important dividing line. --Una Smith (talk) 03:26, 19 March 2008 (UTC)

Copied and pasted section (Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz)
I think the Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz section of the article was copied and pasted from this site. The section should probably be rewritten or something unless that content is freely licensed. Just pointing that out, I have no knowledge of the subject and wouldn't be able to really rewrite it myself. 98.17.59.63 (talk) 05:25, 10 June 2008 (UTC)

burch procedure
both the burch and sling procedure deserve their own articles. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.151.240.70 (talk) 22:59, 20 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Could you elaborate on why? Burch is only mentioned in passing in the article, and there is some content in slings (about a page worth), but it fits quite well within the context of the article. Why do you think they should be broken up? Chaldor (talk) 23:49, 20 September 2008 (UTC)

 * I don't see a reference to the artificial sphincters as well. Marcusbacus (talk) 02:33, 6 June 2011 (UTC)

Text from Incontinence
Incontinence, a disambiguation page, had accumulated the following section which I deleted from that page. --Una Smith (talk) 22:24, 29 November 2008 (UTC)

Medicine
Incontinence is the lack of voluntary control of excretory functions; the term is a contraction of a complete expression, such as "incontinence of urine" or "incontinence of feces". Incontinence mostly occurs in adults but can also occur in teens. Incontinence is usually referred to in urine when leakage occurs that cannot be helped or stopped. There are two different types of urinary incontinence: stress and urge.

Incontinence of stress is when leakage occurs during laughter, sneezing, coughing, etc. Usually, those with stress incontinence do not recognize it as a medical condition. In most cases, stress incontinence is not dangerous and can often be treated through retraining of urethral muscles. Proper training of the pelvic floor muscles can occur through guidance by a Women's Health Physical Therapist.

Incontinence of urge, however, is when you feel the sudden need to urinate and cannot help but have an accident. This is caused by losing the first message sensation telling you that you need to urinate.

Children
"Twice as common in girls as in boys?" Riiiiight... somehow I think that whoever put that there is making stuff up either trying to be funny or has a fetish for that kind of thing Enferloup (talk) 23:23, 8 April 2011 (UTC)

Laughter
Should someone mention how some people piss their pants laughing, and the scientific basis behind that? Thanks. 24.57.64.246 (talk) 19:43, 28 May 2011 (UTC)

 * Great idea! As it turns out, it's called giggle incontinence.  Google found lots of material about it and I built a stub article.  Cheers, CliffC (talk) 00:52, 29 May 2011 (UTC)

Physical therapy treatment for urinary incontinence
The treatment section on urinary incontinence makes no mention of Physical Therapy. Studies have shown that physical therapy is as effective as medication in the treatment of urinary incontinence. Physical therapy can also help avoid unnecessary surgeries. Patients should ask their doctors about physical therapy treatment for incontinence, and consult with a PT who specializes in the treatment of incontinence. Soapsoap (talk) 21:35, 15 September 2011 (UTC) s.
 * There is a section on pelvic floor exercises that could use a citation. I added a mention of bladder retraining with an internet link.--1archie99 (talk) 22:16, 13 July 2012 (UTC)

Artificial Sphincter
There's no mention of the Artificial Urinary Sphincter treatment either. The AMS800 model from American Medical Systems started to be developed in 1972, and around 90,000 of these devices were implanted in men and women all around the world. It has a very strong success rate from the reports of users. There is also another maker of a similar model in Switzerland. Marcusbacus (talk) 19:46, 29 September 2011 (UTC)

 * sorry, but what has that to do with urinary incontinence? --Dia^ (talk) 14:59, 1 October 2011 (UTC)

Copyright
It is hard to say who has copied from whom. If someone could look into the similarity we have with http://www.dignimed.com/incontinence-info/ that would be great Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 09:17, 2 September 2012 (UTC)
 * At a glance... our current text seems to have resulted from a somewhat convolutipedic evolution (see for example, January vs June 2007: vs ). So I doubt it was us copying them. More likely the other way round. —MistyMorn (talk) 12:38, 2 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Charming. Not only did they rip out the references, and then fail to attribute us in violation of the Terms of Use, they also stuck their own copyright notice on it.  I've added backwardscopy to the top of this page. Adrian J. Hunter(talk•contribs) 16:06, 2 September 2012 (UTC)
 * They do not have a very reputable looking website. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 17:44, 2 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Yeah, blatant plagiarism by DigniMed. Axl  ¤  [Talk]  18:54, 2 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Their catchphrase is "We will treat you with the dignity and respect you deserve!" Ironic. Axl  ¤  [Talk]  18:55, 2 September 2012 (UTC)

reversion of recent edits
The content of this section requires considerable revision to make it i=useful to the consumer or healthcare professional. I have endeavoured to make those changes but they have all been reverted. This is unfortunate. I would be happy to assist the original author of this document to make it more accurate and useful. (Farrsa (talk) 19:49, 23 September 2012 (UTC))
 * A couple of points as where noted on your talk page. One is that we need to write in an encyclopedic format the second is that references are required. A few useful guidelines are WP:MEDRS and WP:MEDMOS Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 19:51, 23 September 2012 (UTC)
 * "Consumer" ... call them patients PLEASE ;D tepi (talk) 01:38, 5 October 2012 (UTC)

Hypopressive exercises
I can't find the papers themselves, only references to them:

In the mean time this paper talks about hypopressive exercises leading to increased surface area of levator ani in patients with urinary incontinence, who are thought to have decreased surface area of levator ani.

tepi (talk) 01:46, 5 October 2012 (UTC)

 * Hi Tepi, an article Talk page is for discussing improvements to the article. Can you please explain what changes you are proposing to make to the article Urinary incontinence?  Thanks...    01:53, 5 October 2012 (UTC)
 * There are no secondary sources on this topic just primary ones. I recommend we wait until some secondary sources become available. This is in the very early stages of study by the looks of it. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) (if I write on your page reply on mine) 04:25, 5 October 2012 (UTC)

Cochrane Incontinence group
Maybe a useful source for editors of this page... p = 0.05 (talk) 19:34, 31 October 2012 (UTC)
 * more [www.icsoffice.org/Publications/ICI_2/chapters/Chap04.pdf] lesion (talk) 03:37, 2 January 2013 (UTC)

Proposed merge with Enuresis article
This subject is (basically) being discussed elsewhere on this page, at least in terms of whether or not Enuresis and Urinary incontinence should be separate articles under the heading "Enuresis Redirect". Merging the articles would render the enuresis page a redirect, so the discussion applies, as far as I can tell. --173.88.113.201 (talk) 01:27, 19 February 2013 (UTC) I have removed the merge tags for the following reasons: Kind Regards, LT90001 (talk) 00:12, 25 August 2013 (UTC)
 * Merge has been proposed and no comments made for eight months.
 * Numerous sources differentiate between urinary incontinence, and urinary incontinence in children (enuresis). There appears to be a psychological definition in the DSM-IV for enuresis.

Image
Wondering what others thoughts are on having the lead image be a random elderly women? It is an identifiable photo of someone who probably does not have the condition. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 01:53, 6 December 2016 (UTC)
 * It doesn't add any information. I'd remove it. Sizeofint (talk) 02:20, 6 December 2016 (UTC)
 * I have. I have concerns with associating an identifiable elderly women who does not appear to have the condition with it. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 02:31, 6 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Indeed. I'm amazed that the image was restored twice today.  This is a blatant WP:BLP violation.  It would be like facebook using someone's profile pic in an ad for hemorrhoid cream. Adrian J. Hunter(talk•contribs) 11:50, 7 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Do we really need an image at all? I'm pretty sure that most people who are old enough to read (and even many that aren't) are also old enough to know what happens if you don't make it to the toilet in time. WhatamIdoing (talk) 04:46, 6 December 2016 (UTC)
 * I share the same concern about being an identifiable photo, and it doesn't even illustrate the condition addressed. I would suggest an infographic or pictogram instead. --MonWiki (talk) 21:01, 6 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Thank you for notifying me regarding the questions using the photo. BLP issues did not occur to me. Since such a high percentage of older women struggle with this medical condition, the photo was meant to represent the population at risk suffering from this condition. That doesn't meat I was 'right', I just want to let you know the 'why' of the photo. I don't want to break any rules/guidelines. I also, then have no idea that the photos on commons really can't be used for any purpose whatsoever. I have no problem with 'no photo', then at all. As for knowing what "happens if you don't make it to the toilet on time"-well that is a different story. Everyone doesn't know what happens when you don't make it to the toilet on time. The life span and quality of life greatly diminishes related to this condition and I regret that information is not yet in the article. Once you get this condition, your life deteriorates, you acquire risks for developing other co-morbidities that can be fatal...and lots of other women's health concerns, geriatric concerns, infectious concerns. If grandma gets this, she doesn't talk about it and the family doesn't have the information they need about the condition...yet. We probably need to keep the policy in mind in all other med articles and delete images of the person(s) that are associated with the condition since their image is a BLP problem. Assume good faith on my part (and stupidity if you want). Best Regards,
 * Barbara (WVS) (talk) 12:41, 7 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your response . Seems this article has plenty of scope for expansion. Adrian J. Hunter(talk•contribs) 23:36, 7 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Feel free to jump right in, it needs a lot of work to expand. Best Regards,
 * Barbara (WVS) (talk) 17:44, 12 December 2016 (UTC)

Source

 * 10.1001/jama.2014.303.
 * Barbara (WVS) ✐ ✉  11:03, 27 December 2017 (UTC)

Wiki Project Med student editor
Hello editors, I am a medical student at Tel Aviv University who was assigned this article as part of a wikimed elective course. There appears to be a gender-imbalance in this article (toward female UI), as well as a lack of information (causes, mechanisms, etc.) and inconsistencies in reference formatting. Will try to address some of the more critical issues. Please reach out to me with comments/questions/concerns regarding my edits.Gomer2 (talk) 17:00, 8 January 2018 (UTC)

Wiki Project Med student Evaluation
Good additions. One issue that you identified in the talk page was the imbalance in the article between treatment for women and men. One way to improve this maybe to group the different treatments accordingly so as to provide a clearer idea of the treatment options for the two groups. IntothesameImage (talk) 09:01, 5 February 2018 (UTC)

UCSF Foundations 2 2019 Group 6C Goals
Hello Wiki!

We are 2nd year pharmacy students from UCSF and are working with faculty to make edits to this Wikipedia page over the next few weeks. Our plan for improving the article include the following:

 * Elaborate on injectable treatments for urinary incontinence
 * Add more information about recommended screening for men
 * Add more epidemiological data for children (with citations)
 * Discuss causes of urinary incontinence for men under “Causes” section
 * Add "lifestyle changes" section
 * Mention associations with Alzheimer's

Please let us know any comments/concerns/questions about our proposed changes! Cindytrac (talk) 21:28, 30 July 2019 (UTC)

UCSF Foundations 2 2019, Group 6b Peer Reviews

 * Jennie's Peer Review (Group 6b):

 * 1) Overall Group 6C made improvements to the article. They did a good job giving a brief overview on injectable treatment. I think it would also be nice to add examples of different types of common urethral injectable bulking agents.
 * 2) Group 6C worked on 3 out of their 6 goals for improvement. There is still room to further improve the article.
 * 3) Group 6C's contribution reflects a neutral point of view. Jhum4993 (talk) 21:16, 5 August 2019 (UTC)

 * Ally's Peer Review (Group 6b)

The edits made all have citations from wiki approved sources such as systematic reviews. Allydiiorio (talk) 21:50, 5 August 2019 (UTC)
 * 1) Do the group’s edits substantially improve the article as described in the Wikipedia peer review “Guiding framework”? Has the group achieved its overall goals for improvement?
 * The group did add more information about screening and injectable treatments for urinary incontinence. I like that they also added the mechanism and mentioned that there is a lack of data regarding their efficacy. I think it would be nice to expand a little bit on who may benefit from the different treatment types such as on uptodate when it mentions that men who aren't a candidate for surgery may benefit from the injectable.
 * Although not all goals were addressed (can't see any edits for children epidemiological data or alzheimers), I liked the expansion on medications that are available as well as screening for women. I think another section on screening for men could be helpful to be comprehensive. Overall good edits.

 * Gabi's Peer Review (Group 6b)

 * 1) Group 6c added information about screening for urinary incontinence, lifestyle changes that can help to manage urinary incontinence, and medications (injectable and oral) that treat urinary incontinence to the article. These edits substantially improved the information provided in the article, however I would encourage that injectable treatments are listed either under the Management or under the Medications sections to better organize the article.
 * 2) The group achieved some of their goals. Specifically, they did not address: the epidemiological data for children, the association with Alzheimer's, and the causes of urinary incontinence.
 * 3) All edits that group 6c are formatted consistent with Wikipedia's manual of style. Gabidriller (talk) 16:53, 6 August 2019 (UTC)

 * Thien's Peer Review (Group 6b)

Group 6c was able to complete a majority of their goals for this article. They expanded upon screening for urinary incontinence, medications and lifestyle changes. These edits help improve the overall understanding of urinary incontinence. Something to further include the article might be expanding on the medications used and in addition to the lifestyle changes section. Tnguyen26 (talk) 20:50, 7 August 2019 (UTC)

Neurogenic bladder
Apart from a bare passing mention of spinal cord injury as a cause, there is basically no discussion in this article of incontinence due to neurogenic bladder. It's a major topic in disability media. Roger (Dodger67) (talk) 19:08, 31 July 2019 (UTC)

Lack of clarity re: treatments by different sex/gender
Taking into account:

 * 1) the Dec 2023 rough consensus to use the reproductive definition of sex (and not the multifactorial one) on the Sex page
 * 2) multiple mentions of the gender imbalance present in this article
 * 3) the lack of clear signalling that the VAST majority of the sources cited in the "Behavioral therapy, physical therapy and exercise" section are supported by evidence based on studies of only female populations

I suggest splitting that section into "Male" and "Female" (similar to the CAUSES section), and citing evidence in the "men" section only if the studies included men.

This may result in a very brief Male section, as of now, but ideally it would make it clear that more work is needed by an expert who knows about treatment for male urinary incontinence. Terrapinaz (talk) 11:42, 29 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Urinary incontinence


text:
NSD

In Internet computing, NSD (for "name server daemon") is an open-source Domain Name System (DNS) server. It was developed by NLnet Labs of Amsterdam in cooperation with the RIPE NCC, from scratch as an authoritative name server (i.e., not implementing the recursive caching function by design). The intention of this development is to add variance to the "gene pool" of DNS implementations used by higher level name servers and thus increase the resilience of DNS against software flaws or exploits.

NSD uses BIND-style zone-files (zone-files used under BIND can usually be used unmodified in NSD, once entered into the NSD configuration).

NSD uses zone information compiled via  into a binary database file  which allows fast startup of the NSD name-service daemon, and allows syntax-structural errors in Zone-Files to be flagged at compile-time (before being made available to NSD service itself).

The collection of programs/processes that make-up NSD are designed so that the NSD daemon itself runs as a non-privileged user and can be easily configured to run in a Chroot jail, such that security flaws in the NSD daemon are not so likely to result in system-wide compromise as without such measures.

As of May, 2018, four of the Internet root nameservers are using NSD:
 * k.root-servers.net was switched to NSD on February 19, 2003.
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title: NSD


text:
Levator ani

The levator ani is a broad, thin muscle group, situated on either side of the pelvis. It is formed from three muscle components: the pubococcygeus, the iliococcygeus, and the puborectalis.

It is attached to the inner surface of each side of the lesser pelvis, and these unite to form the greater part of the pelvic floor. The coccygeus muscle completes the pelvic floor, which is also called the pelvic diaphragm.

It supports the viscera in the pelvic cavity, and surrounds the various structures that pass through it.

The levator ani is the main pelvic floor muscle and contracts rhythmically during female orgasm, and painfully during vaginismus.

Structure
The levator ani is made up of 3 parts:
 * Iliococcygeus muscle
 * Pubococcygeus muscle
 * Puborectalis muscle

The iliococcygeus arises from the inner side of the ischium (the lower and back part of the hip bone) and from the posterior part of the tendinous arch of the obturator fascia, and is attached to the coccyx and anococcygeal body; it is usually thin, and may be absent, or be largely replaced by fibrous tissue. An accessory slip at its posterior part is sometimes named the iliosacralis.

The pubococcygeus muscle has medial fibres forming the pubovaginalis in the female, and the puboprostaticus in the male.

Origin and insertion
The levator ani arises, in front, from the posterior surface of the superior pubic ramus lateral to the symphysis; behind, from the inner surface of the spine of the ischium; and between these two points, from the obturator fascia.

Posteriorly, this fascial origin corresponds, more or less closely, with the tendinous arch of the pelvic fascia, but in front, the muscle arises from the fascia at a varying distance above the arch, in some cases reaching nearly as high as the canal for the obturator vessels and nerve.

The fibers pass downward and backward to the middle line of the floor of the pelvis; the most posterior are inserted into the side of the last two segments of the coccyx; those placed more anteriorly unite with the muscle of the opposite side, in a median fibrous ridge called the anococcygeal body or raphe, which extends between the coccyx and the margin of the anus.

The middle fibers are inserted into the side of the rectum, blending with the fibers of the sphincter muscles; lastly in the male, the anterior fibers descend upon the side of the prostate to unite beneath it with the muscle of the opposite side, joining with the fibers of the external anal sphincter and transverse perineal muscles, at the central tendinous point of the perineum.

The anterior portion is occasionally separated from the rest of the muscle by connective tissue.

From this circumstance, as well as from its peculiar relation with the prostate, which it supports as in a sling, it has been described as a distinct muscle, under the name of levator prostatæ.

In the female, the anterior fibers of the levator ani descend upon the side of the vagina.

Innervation
The levator ani muscles are mostly innervated by the pudendal nerve, perineal nerve and acting together.

Variation
In addition, sacral spinal nerves (S3, S4) innervate the muscles directly as well (in ~70% of people). Sometimes (in ~40% of people) the inferior rectal nerve innervates the levator ani muscles independently of the pudendal nerve.

Pubococcygeus muscle
The pubococcygeus muscle or PC muscle is a hammock-like muscle, found in both sexes, that stretches from the pubic bone to the coccyx (tail bone) forming the floor of the pelvic cavity and supporting the pelvic organs.

Structure
The pubococcygeus arises from the back of the pubis and from the anterior part of the obturator fascia, and is directed backward almost horizontally along the side of the anal canal toward the coccyx and sacrum, to which it finds attachment.

Between the termination of the vertebral column and the anus, the two pubococcygeus muscles come together and form a thick, fibromuscular layer lying on the raphe (ridge) or (anococcygeal body) formed by the iliococcygei.

The greater part of this muscle is inserted into the coccyx and into the last one or two pieces of the sacrum.

Variation
This insertion into the vertebral column is, however, not accepted by all observers.

Function
The pubococcygeus muscle controls urine flow and contracts during orgasm as well as assisting in male ejaculation. It also aids in childbirth as well as core stability.

A strong pubococcygeus muscle has also been linked to a reduction in urinary incontinence and proper positioning of the baby's head during childbirth.

Kegel exercises
The Kegel exercises are a series of voluntary contractions of all the perineal muscles. Such movement is done in an effort to strengthen all the striated muscles in the perineum's area. They are often referred to simply as "kegels", named after their founder, Dr. Arnold Kegel. These exercises also serve to contract, among others, the ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus, and cremaster muscle in men, as voluntary contraction of the pubococcygeus muscle also engages the cremasteric reflex, which lifts the testicles up, although this does not occur in all men. Kegel exercises have been prescribed to ameliorate erectile dysfunction due to venous leakage and to help men control premature ejaculation and to treat urinary incontinence in both sexes.

Puborectalis muscle
The fibers that form a sling looping around the rectum are named puborectalis (puboanalis). They arise from the lower part of the pubic symphysis, and from the superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm. The origin of the puborectalis fibers is at the posterior surface of the pubis while their insertion is at the midline sling posterior to the rectum. The muscle band is innervated by perineal branches of the S3 and S4 nerve roots.

They meet with the corresponding fibers of the opposite side around the lower part of the rectum, and form for it a strong sling. Relaxation increases the angle between rectum and anus, allowing defecation in conjunction with relaxation of the internal and external anal sphincters. Levator ani relaxation and rectal emptying is facilitated by anorectal straightening during squatting.

Function
The levator ani muscles are responsible for "wagging" the tail in tailed quadrupeds. These muscles are not as strong in the human, as tail-wagging is more demanding than the support function that the muscles serve in humans.

Levator ani syndrome
Levator ani syndrome is episodic rectal pain caused by spasm of the levator ani muscle.

title: Levator ani


text:
Goodnight Moon

Goodnight Moon is an American children's book written by Margaret Wise Brown and illustrated by Clement Hurd. It was published on September 3, 1947, and is a highly acclaimed bedtime story.

This book is the second in Brown and Hurd's "classic series," which also includes The Runaway Bunny and My World. The three books have been published together as a collection titled Over the Moon.

Background
In 1935, author Margaret Wise Brown enrolled at the Bank Street Experimental School in New York, NY. At Bank Street, Brown studied childhood development alongside the school’s founder, Lucy Sprague Mitchell, who believed that children preferred stories about everyday topics rather than fantasies. Mitchell’s ideas combined with Brown’s observance of what children enjoyed formed the foundation for Brown’s writing going forward, including the familiar world depicted in Goodnight Moon.

In 1945, the idea for Goodnight Moon appeared to Margaret Wise Brown in a dream. She wrote down the story in the morning, with the original title of the book being Goodnight Room. Brown gave illustrator Clement Hurd very little direction on the illustrations, and the characters in Goodnight Moon are depicted as rabbits because Hurd was better at drawing rabbits than humans. This was among several decisions made regarding the illustrations over the course of the book’s creation. Other revisions include replacing a framed map on the wall with a scene from The Runaway Bunny and blurring the udder of the “cow that jumped over the moon.”

Publication history
Illustrator Clement Hurd said in 1983 that initially the book was to be published using the pseudonym "Memory Ambrose" for Brown, with his illustrations credited to "Hurricane Jones."

Goodnight Moon had poor initial sales: only 6,000 copies were sold upon initial release in the fall of 1947. Anne Carroll Moore, the influential children's librarian at the New York Public Library (NYPL), regarded it as "overly sentimental." The NYPL and other libraries did not acquire it at first. During the post-World War II Baby Boom years, it slowly became a bestseller. Annual sales grew from about 1,500 copies in 1953 to almost 20,000 in 1970; by 1990, the total number of copies sold exceeded four million. , the book sells about 800,000 copies annually, and by 2017 had cumulatively sold an estimated 48 million copies. Goodnight Moon has been translated into Ukrainian, Armenian, Spanish, French, Dutch, Chinese, Japanese, Catalan, Hebrew, Brazilian Portuguese, Russian, Swedish, Korean, Hmong and German.

In 1952, at the age of 42, Margaret Wise Brown died following a routine operation, and did not live to see the success of her book. Brown bequeathed the royalties to the book (among many others) to Albert Clarke, who was the nine-year-old son of a neighbor when Brown died. Clarke, who squandered the millions of dollars the book earned him, said that Brown was his mother, a claim others dismiss.

In 2005, publisher HarperCollins digitally altered the photograph of illustrator Hurd, which had been on the book for at least twenty years, to remove a cigarette. HarperCollins' editor-in-chief for children's books, Kate Jackson, said, "It is potentially a harmful message to very young [children]." HarperCollins had the reluctant permission of Hurd's son, Thacher Hurd, but the younger Hurd said the photo of Hurd with his arm and fingers extended, holding nothing, "looks slightly absurd to me."

Other editions
In addition to several octavo and duodecimo paperback editions, Goodnight Moon is available as a board book and in "jumbo" edition designed for use with large groups.
 * 1991, US, HarperFestival ISBN 0-694-00361-1, publication date September 30, 1991, board book.
 * 1997, US, HarperCollins ISBN 0-06-027504-9, publication date February 28, 1997, Hardback 50th anniversary edition.
 * 2007, US, HarperCollins ISBN 0-694-00361-1, publication date January 23, 2007, Board book 60th anniversary edition.

In 2008, Thacher Hurd used his father's artwork from Goodnight Moon to produce Goodnight Moon 123: A Counting Book. In 2010, HarperCollins used artwork from the book to produce Goodnight Moon's ABC: An Alphabet Book.

In 2015, Loud Crow Interactive Inc. released a Goodnight Moon interactive app.

Synopsis
The text is a rhyming poem, describing an anthropomorphic bunny's bedtime ritual of saying "good night" to various inanimate and living objects in the bunny's bedroom: a red balloon, a pair of socks, the bunny's dollhouse, a bowl of mush, and two kittens, among others; despite the kittens, a mouse is present in each spread. The book begins at 7:00 PM, and ends at 8:10 PM, with each spread being spaced 10 minutes apart, as measured by the two clocks in the room, and reflected (improbably) in the rising moon. The illustrations alternate between 2-page black-and-white spreads of objects and 2-page color spreads of the room, like the other books in the series (a common cost-saving technique at the time).

Allusions and references
Goodnight Moon contains a number of references to Brown and Hurd's The Runaway Bunny, and to traditional children's literature. For example, the room of Goodnight Moon generally resembles the next-to-last spread of The Runaway Bunny, where the little bunny becomes a little boy and runs into a house, and the mother bunny becomes the little boy's mother; shared details include the fireplace and the painting by the fireplace of "The Cow Jumping Over the Moon," though other details differ (the colors of the walls and floor are switched, for instance). The painting is itself a reference to the nursery rhyme "Hey Diddle Diddle," where a cow jumps over the moon. However, when reprinted in Goodnight Moon, the udder was reduced to an anatomical blur to avoid the controversy that E.B. White's Stuart Little had undergone when published in 1945. The painting of three bears, sitting in chairs, alludes to "Goldilocks and the Three Bears" (originally "The Story of the Three Bears"), which also contains a copy of the cow jumping over the moon painting. The other painting in the room, which is never explicitly mentioned in the text, portrays a bunny fly-fishing for another bunny, using a carrot as bait. This picture is also a reference to The Runaway Bunny, where it is the first colored spread, when the mother says that if the little bunny becomes a fish, she will become a fisherman and fish for him. The top shelf of the bookshelf, below the Runaway Bunny painting, holds an open copy of The Runaway Bunny, and there is a copy of Goodnight Moon on the nightstand.

A telephone is mentioned early in the book. The primacy of the reference to the telephone indicates that the bunny is in his mother's room and his mother's bed.

Literary significance and reception
In a 2007 online poll, the National Education Association listed the book as one of its "Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children." In 2012 it was ranked number four among the "Top 100 Picture Books" in a survey published by School Library Journal.

From the time of its publication in 1947 until 1972, the book was "banned" by the New York Public Library due to the then-head children's librarian Anne Carroll Moore's hatred of the book. Moore was considered a top taste-maker and arbiter of children's books not only in the New York Public Library, but for libraries nationwide in the United States, even well past her official retirement. The book was stocked on the library's shelves only in 1972, at the time of the 25th anniversary of its publication. It did not appear on the NYPL's 2020 list of the 10 most-checked-out books in the library's history.

Author Susan Cooper writes that the book is possibly the only "realistic story" to gain the universal affection of a fairy-tale, although she also noted that it is actually a "deceptively simple ritual" rather than a story.

Writer Ellen Handler Spitz suggests that Goodnight Moon teaches "young children that life can be trusted, that life has stability, reliability, and durability."

Writer Robin Bernstein suggests that Goodnight Moon is popular largely because it helps parents put children to sleep. Bernstein distinguishes between "going-to-bed" books that help children sleep and "bedtime books" that use nighttime as a theme. Goodnight Moon, Bernstein argues, is both a bedtime book and a going-to-bed book.

According to The Daily News (Halifax) writer Cathy MacDonald, when Goodnight Moon was first published, it was considered controversial. This was because Goodnight Moon did not teach children anything, and Goodnight Moon did not “take” children anywhere, as the entire story takes place in only one room.

New Yorker writer Rosemary C. Benet called Goodnight Moon a "hypnotic bedtime litany."

Regarding Goodnight Moon, The Christian Science Monitor wrote that “a book for little children which creates an atmosphere of peace and calm is something for which to be thankful.”

Analysis
In his article Bedtime Books, the Bedtime Story Ritual, and Goodnight Moon, Daniel Pereira analyzes the function of Goodnight Moon as a “bedtime book” that is not only beneficial to children at bedtime, but is beneficial to parents as well. Pereira first defines a “bedtime book” as a book that both “represents” bedtime and is about bedtime, and is meant to be read by a parent and child together. Pereira further argues that bedtime books such as Goodnight Moon serve parental interests since they help parents carry out their duty of being an “entertainer, educator, enchanter” at bedtime while also maintaining a sense of independence between the child and the parent. Pereira analyzes the effectiveness of Goodnight Moon’s illustrations in assisting parents at bedtime through discussing Joseph Stanton’s evaluation of the role of the “old lady,” who is treated as another “feature of the landscape” rather than as a character herself. Stanton notes that the objectification of the old lady contributes to a sense of independence in the child, who lacks a true parental figure in the “great green room." Pereira asserts that despite this objectification, the old lady still conveys a message when she whispers “hush." He notes that in doing so, the old lady “delivers the parent’s bedtime message for them,” which reminds the child reader to be quiet.

In the article  'Goodnight Nobody': Comfort and the Vast Dark in the Picture-Poems of Margaret Wise Brown and Her Collaborators, author Joseph Stanton discusses a motif present in Goodnight Moon that he refers to as “child-alone-in-the-wide-world.” According to Stanton, this motif is present in much of Brown’s work and is characterized by a child character finding resolution in being left alone. Further contributing to this motif, Stanton argues that the child is at the center of both the words and the illustrations in Goodnight Moon due to a lack of any parental figure. He states that the voice in Goodnight Moon is not the child’s voice, but rather an omniscient voice that knows and understands what the child sees. Additionally, Stanton comments that each illustration focuses on what the child is looking at, which corresponds to what is being named in each scene.

In his article  'Goodnight Moon' was once banned: Classic children's book marks 75th anniversary, Jim Beckerman presents analysis about why children enjoy Goodnight Moon. Beckerman references professor Julie Rosenthal’s point that Goodnight Moon acts as a “scavenger hunt” for children, as they are able to search the illustrations for each object mentioned in the book. Beckerman also mentions some of professor April Patrick’s ideas, such as how the rhyming scheme fascinates children, as well as how children feel comfort in reading a book about real things.

Animated adaptation
In 1985, Weston Woods released a filmstrip adaptation of the book.

On July 15, 1999, Goodnight Moon was announced as a 26-minute animated family video special/documentary, which debuted on HBO Family in December of that year, and was released on VHS on April 15, 2000, and DVD in 2005, in the United States. The special features an animated short of Goodnight Moon, narrated by Susan Sarandon, along with six other animated segments of children's bedtime stories and lullabies with live-action clips of children reflecting on a series of bedtime topics in between, a reprise of Goodnight Moon at the end, and the Everly Brothers' "All I Have To Do Is Dream" playing over the closing credits. The special is notable for its post-credits clip, which features a boy being interviewed about dreams but stumbling over his sentence, which soon became a meme in 2011 when it was uploaded on YouTube. He was referencing a line from the 1997 Disney animated film Hercules. The boy's identity was unknown until July 2021, when he came forward as Joseph Cirkiel in a video interview with Youtuber wavywebsurf.

Here are the other tales and lullabies featured in the video:
 * Lullaby: "Hit the Road to Dreamland" sung by Tony Bennett (This lullaby plays in the opening credits, right before Goodnight Moon.)
 * Lullaby: "Hush, Little Baby" sung by Lauryn Hill
 * Story: There's a Nightmare in My Closet narrated by Billy Crystal
 * Story: Tar Beach narrated by Natalie Cole
 * Lullaby: "Brahms' Lullaby" sung by Aaron Neville
 * Lullaby: "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star" sung by Patti LaBelle

Musical adaptation
In 2012, American composer Eric Whitacre obtained the copyright holder's permission to set the words to music. He did so initially for a soprano, specifically his then wife Hila Plitmann, with harp and string orchestra. He subsequently arranged it for soprano and piano, SSA (two soprano lines plus alto; commissioned by the National Children's Chorus), and SATB (commissioned by a consortium of choirs).

Exhibit adaptation
In 2006, an exhibit titled “From Goodnight Moon to Art Dog: The World of Clement, Edith and Thacher Hurd '' was on display at the Rhode Island School of Design in Providence, Rhode Island. This exhibit featured 3-D displays of Clement Hurd’s artwork, as well as artwork from his wife, Edith Hurd, and his son, Thacher Hurd. Included in the displays was the “great green room” scene from Goodnight Moon. Providence was the exhibit’s final stop in the United States. The exhibit had also featured shows in Vermont, Michigan, Florida and South Carolina.

In popular culture
The first episode of the Warner Bros. animated television series Animaniacs included a spoof of Goodnight Moon named "Nighty-Night Toon."

The Goodnight Moon Game, by Briar Patch, is a memory game for very young children. It won a 1998 Parents' Choice Gold Award and a 1999 Oppenheim Toy Portfolio Platinum Award.

The January 13, 2002 edition of the comic strip Zits featured Jeremy Duncan, the main character, reciting a parody of Goodnight Moon; his room and curtains resembled those in the book.

In 2011, American rock band Go Radio released a single entitled "Goodnight Moon" on their album Do Overs and Second Chances, which features lyrics that allude to the story.

A parody written by David Milgrim and published under the pseudonym “Ann Droyd” in October 2011, Goodnight iPad: a Parody for the next generation “shows a very different homelife 50 years later, with mobile devices, social networks, and non-stop streaming media.”

The University of Minnesota Press published the 2015 book Goodnight Loon, full of Minnesota Northwoods language. The original text's bunny is replaced by the university's mascot, Goldy Gopher.

Mad magazine published a parody of the book starring Batman, titled "Goodnight, Batcave."

Catherynne M. Valente's 2021 novella The Past Is Red includes a character named Goodnight Moon.

Survivors of an extraterrestrial organism's killings in 2017 science-fiction film Life read excerpts from Goodnight Moon.

In the TV series Mad Men (Season 5, Episode 11), Pete Campbell reads Goodnight Moon to his daughter.

The January 29, 2023 edition of the comic strip FoxTrot features Jason Fox reciting his own version of Goodnight Moon while shutting down the family desktop computer.

title: Goodnight Moon


text:
Talk:Structural geology

Untitled
The study of rocks, even deformed, is the petrology if you are interested in its history and petrography if you are interested by the description of their present state. Structural geology is a study of deformation of rocks at a small scale. In French, its translation "géologie structurale" is the study of large scale to small scale deformation. It's synonymous to tectonics.

Small and Large scale
What is the limit between small and large scale structures ?

What is the difference (in behavior of the rock) between small and large scale structures due to the deformation of rocks ?

I do not understand the difference between structural geology and tectonics. My mother language is french.

 * Article is quite bad because it describes structural geology as something which deals mainly with deformations and faults. Structural geology is actually part of geology which deals with form, internal structure and arrengement of rocks. If I want to say it shortly, then I would say that structural geology deals with geological structures and they doesn't need to be deformed or faulted. Difference between structural geology and geotectonics is mainly scale. Geotectonics deals with bigger structures, for examples lithospheric plates but structural geology's object can be even microscopic. In the middle, they are overlapping terms, so there is difference although quite fuzzy. I think my english is not good enough to rewrite this article but maybe I'll try if somebody will correct my grammatical mistakes. Siim 19:22, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Go for it, we'll help with the language errors. I added quite a bit of the current article after the question above was asked, but it could some re-writing for clarity to a non-geologist. Vsmith 22:27, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Geomorphology vs. Structrural geology
Plz see Talk:Geomorphology mikka (t) 18:40, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Conventions
Hopefully I got the update on structural conventions right. The first few paragraphs are wholly unsuitable to go before such sterling work. It is a clunky, and unwieldy and on the whole poorly written definition and could definitely do with breaking into sections and expanding upon them in turn. It seems to be a cnsiderable problem with wikiers, who like to cram everything into two badly written pragraphs for brevity's sakes and 'to make it understandable to the lay person'. But that doesn't mean it should be impenetrable to people who actually know something about it. So God help the layperson.

Its my next task. This isn't just random bitchiness. I might even be tempted to go through and append cleanup tags o thins like this infuture.... Rolinator 15:28, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

Pole?
I found this on the Pole disambiguation page. It doesn't really belong there. (It's very similar to something else I've offered to Talk:Crystallography.) I offer it to you to include on this page, or some other page, or no page at all. Up to you! Thanks. Ewlyahoocom 09:06, 3 March 2006 (UTC)  In structural geology, a pole is a line perpendicular to a structural surface (e.g. bedding plane, fault plane, foliation surface), that is used to plot that surface on a stereographic net. This allows the 3D aspect of the surface to be plotted in 2 dimensions.

 * Thanks, this has been languishing a bit. I should one day get round to whipping up something on stereographic projection of geological data. But that comes after other more contentious issues.Rolinator

God Roebuck Trout Effect
Who else apart from the contributor has heard of the slickensides being called this? As far as it goes in my neck of the woods (Australia) it is simply known as "stair stepping" or "slickenlines". Besides which, a quick google search turned up no evidence of it and this isn't in any textbooks I've ever read, so if the "Trout Effect" is a local vernacular to some geographic region or some professor's wild eccentricities I'd ask for this to be removed, or at least put into a slickensides page.

Slicks are also more correctly a geological lineation anyway, and this page is a discussion of a much broader field of geology, and should not become bogged down in the minutiae of the discipline.

Thought?Rolinator 00:03, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Agreed. Removed same. Vsmith 00:43, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

Rewrite of Intro, Reorganization
I'm looking to gather comments about re-organizing and writing new material for this article. Here is my plan, tell me if you disagree / would like to help / have comments. It will probably take me a while to do, since this is what I do in my less-than-plentiful free time, but I think it will help.
 * 1. The introduction to the article seems convoluted.
 * The problem: The three opening paragraphs seem to argue amongst one another, about whether it is just the distribution of bodies, their deformation, or both... and the opening sentence goes straight into fabrics without discussing anything in detail.
 * My take on this: Structural geology is the study of the modern geometries of deformed rocks, and the deformational histories that led to their creation. Structural geologists use modern rock geometries to understand the kinematics (strain) that led to that result, and the stress situation that led to it. (I will use a consensus of good sources to back myself up, as many (especially introductory) geology books disagree on semantics, possibly out of a desire to present material simply.)
 * 2. The article jumps around all over the place, with valuable info, but not in any order, and going straight to measurement and geologic terranes without even defining faults, folds, deformational styles, etc. I would like to try to make the article more coherent by providing a process-based framework (stress and strain, ductile and brittle deformation zones in the crust, faulting and folding, extensional and compressional structures, forces that drive deformation, etc.) and THEN go into more detailed descriptions of the techniques and evidence used.

Awickert (talk) 02:42, 14 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Sounds like no objections. OK - come this weekend, or whenever I procrastinate what I should be doing, I'll start editing / reorganizing. Awickert (talk) 03:15, 21 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Just go for it, I'll try to chip in along the way. Mikenorton (talk) 07:38, 21 October 2008 (UTC)
 * OK - took a first shot - definitely too short and too crude in some places, but I think the beginning is more coherent. If anyone wants to change what I've done, it won't hurt my feelings. No references now - I'll grab a book or something and start adding them in soon. Awickert (talk) 04:15, 25 October 2008 (UTC)

 * In the method section, should we add the tool for modeling the strain by some procedures?. These tools help the researcher processing the data quickly! I agree that you re-organize this article.Tranletuhan (talk) 02:49, 17 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Sure - that would be great - I haven't given the article attention in too long. Awickert (talk) 03:06, 17 April 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Structural geology


text:
User talk:Koyaanis Qatsi

Speedy deletion nomination of Main Hoon Shahid Afridi

A tag has been placed on Main Hoon Shahid Afridi requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G12 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article or image appears to be a clear copyright infringement. This article or image appears to be a direct copy from http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2193364/. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material, and as a consequence, your addition will most likely be deleted. You may use external websites as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences. This part is crucial: say it in your own words. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously and persistent violators will be blocked from editing.

If the external website or image belongs to you, and you want to allow Wikipedia to use the text or image — which means allowing other people to modify it — then you must verify that externally by one of the processes explained at Donating copyrighted materials. If you are not the owner of the external website or image but have permission from that owner, see Requesting copyright permission. You might want to look at Wikipedia's policies and guidelines for more details, or ask a question here.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. UBS (talk) 21:55, 29 June 2013 (UTC)

User talk:Koyaanis Qatsi/ban

If you're tempted to ask me where I got information on Country X
Please don't.

The information came from the CIA World Factbook and/or the U.S. Department of State, with the information from the two sources combined when possible (sometimes the two sources disagreed on key facts and so it was not).

In this case, that would most likely be: http://sportsforum.ws/sd/factbook/geos/pm.html and http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2030.htm

I was doing that work in 2001; it's possible the facts have changed since then.

User:Anthere/PictInsectes ant

(une libellule (femelle ?), ailes repliées, sur une rivière dans le bourbonnais) [[media:libellule1.JPG|larger]]

(une libellule (femelle ?), ailes ouvertes, sur une rivière dans le bourbonnais) [[media:libellule2.JPG|larger]]

For sad days

--

I did not realise. I love your talk page :-)

How are you kq ?

ant

I have added much plot to Tillie's Punctured Romance, if you would like to see. Mike H 17:17, Jul 17, 2004 (UTC)

Shuffling
Do the Drew Milsom Shuffle. It lifts you up in troubled times.

Hi there....
Just wanted to say it's nice to see you editing around a bit -- I've missed you around the old homestead. Catherine\talk 09:52, 29 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Dave Brubeck image
I replaced your image of Dave Brubeck in his article because I found (I think) a better one. It was also taken by Carl Van Vechten and also from the library of congress archive (so it has the same unclear copyright conditions).
 * Bungopolis 23:54, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Hiya, I see you from time to time, so :-)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia%3AVillage_pump_%28miscellaneous%29#Retrospective

Anthere 05:59, 21 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Hmmmm, would you not explain to us a bit more about the first /. then ? It seems it brought many new editors. And who is Wil Wheaton ????

Otherwise, I... yes, I am fine. In case you did not heard (probably not), I will be a new mom in a few months, so, currently need more sleep (hence less wikipedia time :-. I should stop working this summer. Now that I have a house and a garden, I will enjoy just being in a rocking chair, et will try to set wifi line to work on wikipedia from the garden itself :-) Anthere 21:26, 21 Mar 2005 (UTC)

for the Staying cool when the editing gets hot article

Zakpaz 19:26, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

Images listed for deletion
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 * Okay, no big deal. Koyaanis Qatsi

The Rocky Horror Picture Show
You are listed as one of the earliest editors of this article that still maintains their membership. I invite you to visit the peer review for the current article here.--Amadscientist 08:58, 2 August 2007 (UTC)

Scottish English
WikiProject Scotland wants to use User en-sc for Scottish English, and I have suggested they follow ISO code to use User en-gb-sct instead and allow en-sc instead for Seychellois English, per the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 having "sc" Seychelles and ISO 3166-1:GB having "gb-sct" as Scotland, just like ISO 3166-1:US having "us-ca" for California and User en-us-ca for California English. Could you please take a look at User categories for discussion and give your thoughts? Thanks! Taric25 16:23, 25 September 2007 (UTC)

Image:Anthere damselfly crop.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:Anthere damselfly crop.jpg, has been listed at Images and media for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. BlueAzure (talk) 23:07, 1 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Rude to delete that when it was on my user talk page. Koyaanis Qatsi (talk) 01:43, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

RfD nomination of WhichWikiShouldWeUse
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RfD nomination of Brilliant prose
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NowCommons: File:Gnv lg graffiti wall.jpg
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Civility
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Added to WP:Missing Wikipedians
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Demographics of Estonia
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Your user page
I found your old user page while checking out some old edits. I have history merged it, so that all edits are in one place. Hope you don't mind. Graham 87 15:18, 28 September 2009 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Watergate scandal
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Pokemon/Satanism parallels listed at Redirects for discussion
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Just to let you know
You have been mentioned at Missing Wikipedians Ottawahitech (talk) 14:36, 11 December 2012 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Infectious disease in the 20th century

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Nomination of United States for deletion
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The Downward Spiral article
You are the creator of an article called "The Downward Spiral". When you gave birth to that article, it was about the final years of Ernest Hemingway's life. Now it's a big article about industrial band Nine Inch Nails' most well-received second album The Downward Spiral. How do you think of the differences shown here. Mr* | (60nna) 05:54, 30 March 2014 (UTC)
 * Oh, wait a minute, you're a missing Wikipedian. Hope you respond here. Mr* | (60nna)  05:56, 30 March 2014 (UTC)

Nomination of United States for deletion
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Nomination of Love for deletion
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ALLAHU AKBAR
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How to fish listed at Redirects for discussion
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ArbCom elections are now open!
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WikiProject Investment
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Good article reassessment for Gabriel García Márquez
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Good article reassessment for J. D. Salinger
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title: User talk:Koyaanis Qatsi


text:
Talk:Cato Institute

Regarding the "International" subsection of the "Cato positions on political issues and policies" section
I have marked this section as being written like an advertisement, since it makes no effort to rework Cato's stated positions in an encyclopedic, neutral way. 64.203.244.11 (talk) 14:46, 19 January 2023 (UTC)

Severe NPOV Problem
There exists no section on criticism, even though many have commented on contributions to climate denialism and smoking lobbying, etc. Onhand I have no specific examples but I’m sure they could be found rather easily. 2600:4041:5804:2500:6056:CFD4:8105:DB7 (talk) 01:36, 1 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Criticism is good, especially on this anti-science organization, but criticism sections are not. See WP:CSECTION. --Hob Gadling (talk) 07:57, 1 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cato Institute


text:
Kensington (game)

Kensington is an abstract strategy board game devised by Brian Taylor and Peter Forbes in 1979, named after London's Kensington Gardens, which contains the mosaic upon which the gameboard is patterned. It is played on a geometrical board based on the rhombitrihexagonal tiling pattern. The objective of the game is to capture a hexagon by occupying the six surrounding vertices. The game maintains an elegant simplicity while still allowing for astonishingly complex strategy. The placing and movement of tokens have been compared to nine men's morris.

Board
The gameboard consists of a combination of seven regular hexagons (2 red, 2 blue and 3 white), thirty squares, and twenty-four triangles. The board is composed of 72 total vertices where tokens can be placed.

Gameplay
The two players, Red and Blue, alternately place tokens of their respective color on unoccupied vertices of the board until each has placed fifteen. Thereafter they alternate turns sliding a single token of their color along a line to an adjacent unoccupied vertex.

A player who occupies the three vertices of any triangle with tokens of their color has formed a mill and may relocate one enemy token to any other unoccupied vertex. A double mill is formed by occupying the four vertices of any square; doing so allows the player to relocate two enemy tokens. No more than two tokens may be relocated in a single turn, even if a player completes a mill and double mill with the same move.

The winner is the first player to occupy all six vertices of either any white hexagon or one of their own color. A win can be achieved during either the placement or movement phases of the game.

If, in the movement phase, a player cannot move, the other play may move again.

Strategy
There is debate in the Kensington community as to the relative advantage of placing first or second. The player to place second also gets to place last which is a definite advantage because that placement cannot be directly countered. This advantage is offset by the other player being able to move first in the sliding phase. Most beginning players will find more success placing second. Often, the player who makes the first mill is able to scatter the opponent's tokens and win without difficulty. However, a skilled player may be able to recover from an opponent's mill. Relocated tokens can group together to form a mill across the board from their original locations. A popular strategy is to use one's tokens to form "jails" where the opponent's relocated tokens are sequestered and unable to form mills or hexagons.

Defense is very difficult and thus much of the game revolves around being first to secure a mill. The game often ends soon after the first mill is formed. A very powerful configuration is to be able to move a single token back and forth between two spaces creating a mill each turn. This results in certain victory.

Marketing
In a business venture parallel to Trivial Pursuit in Canada, the British inventors set up their own company to make and publish the game. This attracted a fair amount of press attention at the time and Kensington picked up a UK Game of the Year award. Attention for the game was short-lived and the game is now out of print, but second-hand copies are readily available online.

1979 edition
A 1979 edition was sold in a package resembling a double-LP album. The front part had a cut-out showing the centre of the one-piece non-folding gameboard which could be slid out of the sleeve like an LP. Rules were printed on the inside and the rear side showed the authors playing the game on the steps of the Albert Memorial. In the rules the authors offered a prize of £10,000 to the first person to find a position in which neither player of a two-player game could move.

Reception
Games included Kensington in their "Top 100 Games of 1982", finding the way pieces are positioned and moved was "reminiscent of nine men’s morris, but this game is more sophisticated."

Reviews

 * Jeux & Stratégie #20

title: Kensington (game)


text:
Talk:Saint Patrick's Day

Semi-protected edit request on 17 March 2021
put color instead of colour. 205.118.120.150 (talk) 17:57, 17 March 2021 (UTC)

In USA, nobody would write "I'm wearing the colour green". They will spell the word "color" the way it is spelled. Therefore, under the USA celebration color should be spelled "color" with no "u". Anything else is just colonization. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.166.176.236 (talk) 23:18, 17 March 2021 (UTC)

 * It is an article on an Irish tradition, therefore British English is used. Please see WP:MOS Tommi1986 let's talk! 18:06, 17 March 2021 (UTC)

 * No. It's an Irish holiday. RedWayTooSus (talk) 22:29, 17 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Please read WP:MOS Tommi1986 let's talk! 23:23, 17 March 2021 (UTC)

 * After reading WP:MOS and in particular the sub-section Strong national ties to a topic under the section National varieties of English, it is clear the appropriate English language variety this article should be written in is that of Irish-English. While there are some similarities with British-English, there are some differences.37.18.134.184 (talk) 13:49, 11 October 2021 (UTC)

In response to User talk:70.166.176.236 who above claims:
 * "color should be spelled "color" with no "u". Anything else is just colonization"

It could quite simply be pointed out that it is people from the U.S. that are guility of attempting to colonize this article related to an Irish tradition by forcing the spelling and grammar to be in U.S. English rather than the correct form of Irish-English. As specified by many editors above who highlight in accordance to the wiki policy WP:MOS under the section Strong national ties to a topic which makes it very clear which form of English is followed. Gaslighting, Reverse psychology, illogical fallacies such as Kafkatraps and other psychological games are not acceptable. Today another attempt to change the spelling of this article to U.S. English by user User talk:2003:D5:D70A:A900:6C4E:738E:31D6:6049 was captured and quickly reverted.79.154.37.64 (talk) 15:32, 18 February 2022 (UTC)

Saint Patrick's Day in Brazil?
Looking for some information about the St. Patrick's Day and I found in the beginning of the page "It is also widely celebrated in the United Kingdom,[14] Canada, United States, Brazil, Argentina..." and this is not true. Nobody there knows about this date and we (yes, I'm Brazilian) never celebrate it. IMHO this information is not accurate and need some references/sources to be in the article, otherwise should be removed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Pmichelazzo (talk • contribs) 15:01, 1 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Well then off you go, you can choose to help this article to become better by adding the appropriate citations if you can find them, or if they do not exist then simply remove Brazil from the areas you find are not accurate nor supported by any citations. Alternatively, since you have stated above you are from Brazil, you might choose to help the Portuguese language Version of this article contributing to that article and translating this article to the portuguese article of St Patrick's Day via ( Wiki Translate us, H:CNL, WP:ILL, & H:IL) 79.154.37.64 (talk) 08:13, 18 February 2022 (UTC)
 * I removed it, per the above complaint and also the guideline WP:LEDE which makes it clear that the lead should summarize not supplant what is in the article, and the article body does not mention Brazil so it should not be in the lead section until someone first improves the article body. Brazil is a big place, even if there is an Irish diaspora in some places their celebrations of St. Patrick's Day it could easily go unnoticed (and people may have read too much into nice occasional gestures). Either way Brazil should not be listed in the lead until there are WP:Reliable sources and text in the article body to support including it. -- 05:54, 21 March 2022 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.76.133.142 (talk)

Liverpool
Although Liverpool has a large Irish ancestry, it is very, very noticeable that it does not consider itself as Irish. It most certainly has no tradition of St Patrick's Day celebrations. Anything that should happen currently has been recently introduced and is very artificial  — Preceding unsigned comment added by Briandaugherty (talk

Semi-protected edit request on 19 March 2024
Change "the first st patrick's day parade in Ireland was held in Limerick in 1903" to "the first st patricks day parade in Ireland was held in Waterford in 1903" Orlabrett (talk) 21:37, 19 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. - FlightTime  ( open channel ) 21:55, 19 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Saint Patrick's Day


text:
RV Calypso

RV Calypso is a former British Royal Navy minesweeper converted into a research vessel for the oceanographic researcher Jacques Cousteau, equipped with a mobile laboratory for underwater field research. She was severely damaged in 1996 and was planned to undergo a complete refurbishment in 2009–2011 that has not been accomplished. The ship is named after the Greek mythological figure Calypso.

World War II British minesweeper (1941–1947)
Calypso was originally a minesweeper built by the Ballard Marine Railway Company of Seattle, Washington, United States for the United States Navy for loan to the British Royal Navy under lend-lease. A wooden-hulled vessel, she is built of Oregon pine.

She was a British yard minesweeper (BYMS) Mark 1 class motor minesweeper, laid down on 12 August 1941 with yard designation BYMS-26 and launched on 21 March 1942. She was commissioned into the Royal Navy in February 1943 as HMS J-826 and assigned to active service in the Mediterranean Sea, based in Malta, and was reclassified as BYMS-2026 in 1944. Following the end of World War II, she was decommissioned in July 1946 and laid up at Malta. On 1 August 1947 she was formally handed back to the US Navy and then struck from the US Naval Register, remaining in lay-up.

Maltese ferry (1949–1950)
In May 1949 she was bought by Joseph Gasan of Malta, who had secured the mail contract on the ferry route between Marfa, in the north of Malta, and Mġarr, Gozo in 1947. She was converted to a ferry and renamed Calypso G after the nymph Calypso, whose island of Ogygia was mythically associated with Gozo, entering service in March 1950. After only four months on the route, Gasan received an attractive offer and sold her.

Jacques Cousteau's Calypso (1950–1997)

The British millionaire and former Member of Parliament (MP), Thomas Loel Guinness bought Calypso in July 1950. He leased her to Cousteau for a symbolic one franc a year. He had two conditions: that Cousteau never ask him for money and that he never reveal his identity, which only came out after Cousteau's death. Cousteau restructured and transformed the ship into an expedition vessel and support base for diving, filming and oceanographic research. One of the more unusual expeditions involving the vessel was a survey of Abu Dhabi waters conducted by Cousteau on behalf of British Petroleum (BP) in 1954 – the first and last time it was used for an oil survey.

Calypso carried advanced equipment, including one- and two-man mini submarines developed by Cousteau, diving saucers, and underwater scooters. The ship was also fitted with a see-through "nose" and an observation chamber 3 m below the waterline, and was modified to house scientific equipment and a helicopter pad. The Calypso underwater camera is named after this ship.

On 8 January 1996, a barge accidentally rammed Calypso and sank her in the port of Singapore. On 16 January, she was raised by a 230 ft crane, patched, and pumped dry before being put in a shipyard.

Restoration (1997–present)

Calypso was later towed to the Maritime Museum of La Rochelle in 1998 to be an exhibit.

A legal dispute between Jacques Cousteau's widow, Francine Cousteau, and Loel Guinness, the grandson of the original owner, delayed restoration work. During this time the city of La Rochelle withdrew its funding for the restoration. Calypso remained in disrepair.

In 2002, Alexandra Cousteau, Cousteau's granddaughter from his first marriage, tried to become involved in the restoration. The Cousteau Society, controlled by Francine Cousteau, reportedly spent hundreds of thousands of dollars to defend Francine's exclusive use of the name and to prevent Alexandra's participation in the restoration of Calypso.

In 2006 Loel Guinness transferred ownership of Calypso to the Cousteau Society for the sum of one euro. In October 2007 the ship was began at the Piriou Shipyard. Work on Calypso stopped in 2009 because of the non-payment of bills by Francine Cousteau. Piriou claimed to be owed €850,000 for work already done. The Cousteau Society counter-sued for defective work. In 2015 a French court ordered Francine Cousteau to settle outstanding yard bills and remove Calypso from a Brittany shipyard or allow the shipyard to sell the vessel.

The Cousteau Society announced in 2016 that a solution had been found to allow the ship to return to service with new engines. In 2017 a fire damaged new wooden parts of the Calypso at a shipyard near Istanbul, Turkey, where her refitting had been in progress.

Calypso in popular culture

 * Calypso was the main ship in all three feature documentary films that Cousteau directed in his career: The Silent World (1956, awarded with the Academy Award for Documentary Feature and the 1956 Palme d'Or), World Without Sun (1964, which also won the Academy Award for Documentary Feature) and Voyage to the Edge of the World (1976).
 * John Denver wrote a 1975 hit song "Calypso" as a tribute to Calypso and her crew. Additionally, he gave all the royalties for the song to the Cousteau Society.
 * Jean Michel Jarre wrote a three part composition in tribute to the ship included on the album Waiting for Cousteau (1990).
 * American heavy metal band GWAR wrote a song entitled "Je M'Appelle J. Cousteau", which was featured on their album Hell-O, originally released in 1988. It is not entirely clear whether this song is in tribute or slander, but the song is entirely about Jacques Cousteau and his ship Calypso.
 * The Captain's yacht of the USS Enterprise-D, on Star Trek: The Next Generation, was named Calypso by actor Patrick Stewart. He also gave the name Cousteau to the captain's yacht of the USS Enterprise-E in homage to the Calypso's famous former captain.
 * Wes Anderson directed a film homage of Jacques Cousteau's life called The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou. In the movie, Zissou travels the seas in a ship called Belafonte. This is an oblique reference to Jacques Cousteau's ship Calypso. Harry Belafonte is a noted musician who is arguably the best known exponent of calypso music; his 1956 album Calypso is the first LP record to sell one million copies. While in the film, Belafonte is described as a "long-range sub-hunter", like Calypso she was also a former British minesweeper, the Ton-class HMS Packington.
 * NASA astronaut Sunita Williams bestowed the name Calypso on the third Boeing Starliner space capsule built for the Commercial Crew Program after the ship.
 * The character Rebecca from the television series Theodore Tugboat is based on Calypso.

title: RV Calypso