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Northwestern University

Northwestern University (NU) is a private research university in Evanston, Illinois. Established in 1851 to serve the historic Northwest Territory, it is the oldest chartered university in Illinois. The university has its main campus along the shores of Lake Michigan in the Chicago metropolitan area.

Chartered by the Illinois General Assembly in 1851, Northwestern was initially affiliated with the Methodist Episcopal Church but later became non-sectarian. By 1900, the university was the third-largest university in the United States. Northwestern became a founding member of the Big Ten Conference in 1896 and joined the Association of American Universities in 1917.

Northwestern is composed of eleven undergraduate, graduate, and professional schools which includes Kellogg School of Management, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Sciences among others. In addition to the Evanston campus, it has campuses in downtown Chicago, Coral Gables, San Francisco, Doha, and Washington, D.C.

As of 2023, the university had an endowment of $14.1 billion, an annual budget of around $2.9 billion, and research funding of over $1 billion. The university fields 19 intercollegiate athletic teams, the Northwestern Wildcats, which compete in the NCAA Division I in the Big Ten Conference.

As of September 2020, 33 Nobel Prize laureates and 2 Fields Medalists have been affiliated with Northwestern as alumni or faculty. In addition, Northwestern has been associated with 47 Pulitzer Prize winners, 23 National Medal of Science winners, 11 National Humanities Medal recipients, 23 MacArthur Fellows, 20 Rhodes Scholars, and 28 Marshall Scholars. Northwestern alumni also include 10 living billionaires, 2 U.S. Supreme Court Justices, and 24 Olympic medalists.

Founding and early years
The foundation of Northwestern University can be traced to a meeting on May 31, 1850, of nine prominent Chicago businessmen, Methodist leaders, and attorneys who had formed the idea of establishing a university to serve what had been known from 1787 to 1803 as the Northwest Territory. On January 28, 1851, the Illinois General Assembly granted a charter to the Trustees of the North-Western University, making it the first chartered university in Illinois. The school's nine founders, all of whom were Methodists (three of them ministers), knelt in prayer and worship before launching their first organizational meeting. Although they affiliated the university with the Methodist Episcopal Church, they favored a non-sectarian admissions policy, believing that Northwestern should serve all people in the newly developing territory by bettering the economy in Evanston.

John Evans, for whom Evanston is named, bought 379 acre of land along Lake Michigan in 1853, and Philo Judson developed plans for what would become the city of Evanston, Illinois. The first building, Old College, opened on November 5, 1855. To raise funds for its construction, Northwestern sold $100 "perpetual scholarships" entitling the purchaser and his heirs to free tuition. Another building, University Hall, was built in 1869 of the same Joliet limestone as the Chicago Water Tower, also built in 1869, one of the few buildings in the heart of Chicago to survive the Great Chicago Fire of 1871.

In 1873 the Evanston College for Ladies merged with Northwestern, and Frances Willard, who later gained fame as a suffragette and as one of the founders of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), became the school's first dean of women (Willard Residential College, built in 1938, honors her name). Northwestern admitted its first female students in 1869, and the first woman graduated in 1874. Northwestern fielded its first intercollegiate football team in 1882, later becoming a founding member of the Big Ten Conference. In the 1870s and 1880s, Northwestern affiliated itself with already existing schools of law, medicine, and dentistry in Chicago. The Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law is the oldest law school in Chicago. As the university's enrollments grew, these professional schools were integrated with the undergraduate college in Evanston; the result was a modern research university combining professional, graduate, and undergraduate programs, which gave equal weight to teaching and research.

20th century
By the turn of the century, Northwestern had grown in stature to become the third-largest university in the United States after Harvard University and the University of Michigan. Under Walter Dill Scott's presidency from 1920 to 1939, Northwestern began construction of an integrated campus in Chicago designed by James Gamble Rogers, noted for his design of the Yale University campus, to house the professional schools. In addition, James Gamble Rogers designed a library in accordance with the gothic architectural style on the Evanston campus in order to make use of the $1 million donated to the school after the death of Charles Deering. This library is named in memory of him and its design was inspired by Cambridge University's King's College Chapel. The university also established the Kellogg School of Management and built several prominent buildings on the Evanston campus, including Dyche Stadium, now named Ryan Field, among others. In the 1920s, Northwestern became one of the first six universities in the United States to establish a Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps (NROTC). In 1939, Northwestern hosted the first-ever NCAA Division I men's basketball championship game in the original Patten Gymnasium, which was later demolished and relocated farther north, along with the Dearborn Observatory, to make room for the Technological Institute.After the golden years of the 1920s, the Great Depression in the United States (1929–1941) had a severe impact on the university's finances. Its annual income dropped 25 percent from $4.8 million in 1930–31 to $3.6 million in 1933–34. Investment income shrank, fewer people could pay full tuition, and annual giving from alumni and philanthropists fell from $870,000 in 1932 to a low of $331,000 in 1935. The university responded with two salary cuts of 10 percent each for all employees. It imposed hiring and building freezes and slashed appropriations for maintenance, books, and research. Having had a balanced budget in 1930–31, the university now faced deficits of roughly $100,000 for the next four years. Enrollments fell in most schools, with law and music suffering the biggest declines. However, the movement toward state certification of school teachers prompted Northwestern to start a new graduate program in education, thereby bringing in new students and much-needed income. In June 1933, Robert Maynard Hutchins, president of the University of Chicago, proposed a merger of the two universities, estimating annual savings of $1.7 million. The two presidents were enthusiastic, and the faculty liked the idea; many Northwestern alumni, however, opposed it, fearing the loss of their alma mater and its many traditions that distinguished Northwestern from Chicago. The medical school, for example, was oriented toward training practitioners, and alumni feared it would lose its mission if it were merged into the more research-oriented University of Chicago Medical School. The merger plan was ultimately dropped. In 1935, the Deering family rescued the university budget with an unrestricted gift of $6 million, bringing the budget up to $5.4 million in 1938–39. This allowed many of the previous spending cuts to be restored, including half of the salary reductions. Like other American research universities, Northwestern was transformed by World War II (1939–1945). Regular enrollment fell dramatically, but the school opened high-intensity, short-term programs that trained over 50,000 military personnel, including future president John F. Kennedy. Northwestern's existing NROTC program proved to be a boon to the university as it trained over 36,000 sailors over the course of the war, which led Northwestern to be called the "Annapolis of the Midwest." Franklyn B. Snyder led the university from 1939 to 1949, and after the war, surging enrollments under the G.I. Bill drove the dramatic expansion of both campuses. In 1948, prominent anthropologist Melville J. Herskovits founded the Program of African Studies at Northwestern, the first center of its kind at an American academic institution. J. Roscoe Miller's tenure as president from 1949 to 1970 saw an expansion of the Evanston campus, with the construction of the Lakefill on Lake Michigan, growth of the faculty and new academic programs, and polarizing Vietnam-era student protests. In 1978, the first and second Unabomber attacks occurred at Northwestern University. Relations between Evanston and Northwestern became strained throughout much of the post-war era because of episodes of disruptive student activism, disputes over municipal zoning, building codes, and law enforcement, as well as restrictions on the sale of alcohol near campus until 1972. Northwestern's exemption from state and municipal property-tax obligations under its original charter has historically been a source of town-and-gown tension.

Although government support for universities declined in the 1970s and 1980s, President Arnold R. Weber was able to stabilize university finances, which led to a revitalization of its campuses. In 1996, Princess Diana visited Northwestern's Evanston and Chicago campuses to raise money for the university hospital's Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center at the invitation of then-President Bienen. Her visit raised a total of $1.5 million for cancer research.

21st century
As admissions to colleges and universities grew increasingly competitive in the 1990s and 2000s, President Henry S. Bienen's tenure saw an increase in the number and quality of undergraduate applicants, continued expansion of the facilities and faculty, and renewed athletic competitiveness. In 1999, Northwestern student journalists uncovered information exonerating Illinois death-row inmate Anthony Porter two days before his scheduled execution. The Innocence Project has since exonerated 10 more men. On January 11, 2003, in a speech at Northwestern School of Law's Lincoln Hall, then Governor of Illinois George Ryan announced that he would commute the sentences of more than 150 death-row inmates.

In the 2010s, a five-year capital campaign resulted in a new music center, a replacement building for the business school, and a $270 million athletic complex. In 2014, President Barack Obama delivered a seminal economics speech at the Evanston campus. In 2015, Queen Máxima and King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands visited Northwestern to announce research collaborations between Northwestern and several Dutch institutions focused on the study of aging. In 2021, an additional $480 million, the largest donation in the university's history, was donated to Northwestern by the Ryan Family to be applied to research at the Kellogg School of Management and Feinberg School of Medicine, as well as for renovating Ryan Field. In a partnership with Oakton College and the Illinois Department of Corrections in 2023, Northwestern awarded the first bachelors degrees in the United States to a graduating class of prisoners from a top-ranked university.

Evanston
Northwestern University's main campus is located in the suburb of Evanston, Illinois, just north of Chicago. The campus spans an area of 240 acres and is characterized by its blend of modern and historic gothic architecture.

Northwestern's Evanston campus, where the undergraduate schools, the Graduate School, and the Kellogg School of Management are located, runs north–south from Lincoln Avenue to Clark Street west of Lake Michigan along Sheridan Road. North Campus is home to the fraternity quads, athletics facilities including the Henry Crown Sports Pavilion and Norris Aquatics Center, the Technological Institute, Dearborn Observatory, the Patrick G. and Shirley W. Ryan Hall for Nanofabrication and Molecular Self-Assembly, and the Ford Motor Company Engineering Design Center among others. South Campus is home to the university's humanities buildings, music buildings like the Pick-Staiger Concert Hall, the Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art, and the sorority quads. In the 1960s, the university created an additional 84 acre for the campus by filling in a portion of Lake Michigan. Buildings located on the resulting Lakefill include University Library, the Patrick G. and Shirley W. Ryan Center for the Musical Arts, the Regenstein Hall of Music, Norris University Center (the student union), the Kellogg School of Management Global Hub, and various athletics facilities.

The Chicago Transit Authority's elevated train running through Evanston is called the Purple Line, taking its name from Northwestern's school color. The Foster and Davis stations are within walking distance of the southern end of the campus, while the Noyes station is close to the northern end of the campus. The Central station is close to Ryan Field, Northwestern's football stadium. The Evanston Davis Street Metra station serves the Northwestern campus in downtown Evanston and the Evanston Central Street Metra station is near Ryan Field. Pace Suburban Bus Service and the CTA have several bus routes that run through or near the Evanston campus.

Chicago
Northwestern's Chicago campus is located in the city's Streeterville neighborhood near Lake Michigan. The Chicago campus is home to the nationally ranked Northwestern Memorial Hospital, the medical school, the law school, the part-time MBA program, and the School of Professional Studies. Medill's one-year graduate program rents a floor on Wacker Drive, across the river from Streeterville and separate from the rest of the campus. Northwestern's professional schools and a number of its affiliated hospitals are located approximately four blocks east of the Chicago station on the CTA Red Line. The Chicago campus is also served by CTA bus routes.

Founded or affiliated at varying points in the university's history, the professional schools originally were scattered throughout Chicago. In connection with a 1917 master plan for a central Chicago campus and President Walter Dill Scott's capital campaign, 8.5 acre of land were purchased at the corner of Chicago Avenue and Lake Shore Drive for $1.5 million in 1920. Architect James Gamble Rogers was commissioned to create a master plan for the principal buildings on the new campus, which he designed in collegiate gothic style. In 1923, Mrs. Montgomery Ward donated $8 million to the campaign to finance the construction of the Montgomery Ward Memorial Building, which would house the medical and dental schools, and create endowments for faculty chairs, research grants, scholarships, and building maintenance. The building would become the first university skyscraper in the United States. In addition to the Ward Building, Rogers designed Wieboldt Hall to house facilities for the School of Commerce and Levy Mayer Hall to house the School of Law. The new campus comprising these three new buildings was dedicated during a two-day ceremony in June 1927. The Chicago campus continued to expand with the addition of Thorne Hall in 1931 and Abbott Hall in 1939. In October 2013, Northwestern began the demolition of the architecturally significant Prentice Women's Hospital. Eric G. Neilson, dean of the medical school, penned an op-ed that equated retaining the building with loss of life.

Education City
In Fall 2008, Northwestern opened a campus in Education City, Doha, Qatar. Through the Medill School of Journalism and School of Communication, NU-Q offers bachelor's degrees in journalism and communications respectively. However, some have questioned whether NU-Q can truly offer a comparable journalism program to that of its U.S. campus given Qatar's instances of censorship and strict limits on journalistic and academic freedoms. The Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development, a private charitable institution founded by former emir Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani and his wife and mother of the current emir Sheikha Moza bint Nasser, provided funding for construction and administrative costs, as well as support to hire 50 to 60 faculty and staff, some of whom rotate between the Evanston and Qatar campuses. Northwestern receives roughly $45 million per year to operate the campus. In February 2016, Northwestern reached an agreement with the Qatar Foundation to extend the operations of the NU-Q branch for an additional decade, through the 2027–2028 academic year.

Governance
Northwestern is privately owned and governed by an appointed Board of Trustees, which is composed of 70 members and,, is chaired by Peter Barris '74. The board delegates its power to an elected president who serves as the chief executive officer of the university. Northwestern has had seventeen presidents in its history (excluding interim presidents). The current president, legal scholar Michael Schill, succeeded Morton O. Schapiro in fall 2022. The president maintains a staff of vice presidents, directors, and other assistants for administrative, financial, faculty, and student matters. Kathleen Haggerty assumed the role of provost for the university on September 1, 2020.

Students are formally involved in the university's administration through the Associated Student Government, elected representatives of the undergraduate students, and the Graduate Student Association, which represents the university's graduate students.

The admission requirements, degree requirements, courses of study, and disciplinary and degree recommendations for each of Northwestern's 12 schools are determined by the voting members of that school's faculty (assistant professor and above).

Endowment
Northwestern maintains an endowment of $16.1 billion, the eighth-largest university endowment among private universities in the United States. The endowment is sustained through donations and is maintained by investment advisers at the university's Investment Office.

Admissions
Northwestern University's admissions are characterized as "most selective" by U.S. News & World Report. Northwestern received a record 52,225 applications for its class size of approximately 2,100 students in 2022–2023 academic year. For the Class of 2027, regular decision acceptance rate was approximately 4.6%, while overall acceptance rate remained around 7.0%. For the Class of 2026, the interquartile range (middle 50%) on the post-2016 SAT was a combined (verbal and math) 1500–1560 out of 1600; the interquartile range on the evidence-based reading and writing (EBRW) section of the SAT was 730–770 out of 800 while the interquartile range on the Math section of the SAT was 760–800 out of 800. ACT composite scores for the middle 50% ranged from 33 to 35 out of 36, and 96% ranked in the top ten percent of their respective high school classes.

Approximately 35–40% percent of the incoming students of the Class of 2027 have been admitted through the Early Decision application round. Northwestern's early decision admission numbers for the Class of 2027 reveal an early acceptance rate of about 20%, with approximately 1,000 students being admitted out of 5,220 applications.

In April 2016, Northwestern became one of 15 Illinois universities to sign on to the Chicago Star Partnership, a City Colleges initiative aimed at increasing opportunities for students in the city's public school district. Through this partnership, the university provides scholarships to students who "graduate from Chicago Public Schools, get their associate degree from one of the city's community colleges, and then get admitted to a bachelor's degree program."

The university is need-blind for domestic applicants.

Rankings and reputation
Northwestern is a large, residential research university.

Education
The university provides instruction in over 200 formal academic concentrations, 124 undergraduate programs, and 145 graduate and professional programs, including various dual degree programs. Although there is no university-wide core curriculum, a foundation in the liberal arts and sciences, sometimes referred as distribution requirements, are required for all majors; individual degree requirements are set by the faculty of each school. The university heavily emphasizes interdisciplinary learning, with 72% of undergrads combining two or more areas of study. Northwestern's full-time undergraduate and graduate programs operate on an approximately 10-week academic quarter system with the academic year beginning in late September and ending in early June. Under the regular academic calendar, each quarter contains a four-day Reading Period in between the end of classes and the beginning of finals. Undergraduates typically take four courses each quarter and twelve courses in an academic year and are required to complete at least twelve quarters on campus to graduate. Northwestern offers honors, accelerated, and joint degree programs in medicine, science, mathematics, engineering, and journalism. The comprehensive doctoral graduate program has high coexistence with undergraduate programs. The most popular and prominent majors at Northwestern in 2021 include communication, journalism, engineering, computer science, mathematics, statistics, biological sciences, physics, and chemistry. It is also prominent in law and medicine. Northwestern is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and the respective national professional organizations for chemistry, psychology, business, education, journalism, music, engineering, law, and medicine. Northwestern conferred 2,190 bachelor's degrees, 3,272 master's degrees, 565 doctoral degrees, and 444 professional degrees in 2012–2013. Since 1951, Northwestern has awarded 520 honorary degrees. Northwestern also has chapters of academic honor societies such as Phi Beta Kappa (Alpha of Illinois), Eta Kappa Nu, Tau Beta Pi, Eta Sigma Phi (Beta Chapter), Lambda Pi Eta, and Alpha Sigma Lambda (Alpha Chapter).

Northwestern maintains a student-to-faculty ratio of 6:1. 77% of the classes have less than 20 students while 5.5% of the classes have more than 50 students.

Libraries and museums
The Northwestern library system consists of four libraries on the Evanston campus including the Main University Library, the Boas Mathematics Library, Mudd Library, and the original library building, Deering Library; three libraries on the Chicago campus; and the library affiliated with Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary. Northwestern Libraries host a total of 8,198,268 printed or electronic volumes. In addition, its libraries contain 229,198 maps, 211,127 audio files, 103,377 printed journals, 196,716 electronic journals, 91,334 movies or videos, 36,989 manuscripts, 4.6 million microforms, and almost 99,000 periodicals. The University Library is the 14th-largest university library in North America based on total number of titles held.

Collections and sections
Among the library's collection and sections are:
 * Melville J. Herskovits Library of African Studies: established in 1954, and named after Melville J. Herskovits, the Herskovits Library is the largest separate Africana collection in existence. The collection includes more than 400,000 volumes (including 20,000 in African languages), 250 current newspapers and 6,000 non-circulating rare books.
 * The Music Library: contains extensive holdings of printed music and archival materials documenting music composed since 1945. The collection includes more than 300,000 items, including the John Cage collection.
 * Transportation Library: one of the largest transportation information centers in the world with a collection of over 500,000 items covering air, rail, highways, pipeline, water, urban transport and logistics.
 * The Art Library: the Art Library holds over 160,000 books and journals about art, architecture, and design, with particular strength in 19th-century art and architecture.2122 Sheridan Road Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 2017-12357.jpg
 * Styberg Library: the theological library serves the Garrett–Evangelical Theological Seminary and Bexley Seabury.
 * Charles Deering McCormick Library of Special Collections include an extensive collection on The Long 60s, Social History, Political History, Literature, Arts, Journalism, Twentieth Century Music, Theatre, Performance, and Women's History. The Special Collections department at Charles Deering McCormick Library holds approximately 8,000 items related to the Siege and Commune of Paris during 1870–1871. This collection is one of the largest and most diverse of its kind in the world and contains a captivating range of original photographs, posters, caricatures, lithographs, manuscripts, books, newspapers, and other artifacts that were created in response to the significant events that occurred during that year. These events included France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, the downfall of the Second Empire, the four-month siege of Paris, and the violent civil war that ended the Commune uprising. The core of the collection was acquired in 1971, the centenary year of the Commune's end, when the library's astute staff purchased most of the offerings of a well-known French book dealer. Since then, many other acquisitions have been added to the collection. The Franco-Prussian War was among the earliest conflicts to be photographed, and the collection includes many such images, along with depictions of the devastated Parisian landscape and some of the earliest examples of manipulated photographs created for propaganda purposes. The collection also encompasses a significant amount of material that covers military activities during the Spanish Civil War and the early stages of World War II from both sides of the conflict. In addition, the collection showcases the impact of warfare on civilians who were displaced or killed in various parts of Spain, including any interactions with France and Germany during that period. The collection also features various other topics that offer insight into Spain's cultural and social dynamics throughout history. The photographs in the collection were sourced from international press outlets and private collections and are accompanied by captions that provide historical background and context for the subjects depicted.
 * Northwestern University Archives Pritzker Legal Research Center: the library is located on the Chicago campus and serves the Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law.Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art, Northwestern University - view 2.jpg
 * Seeley G. Mudd Library: Located on North Campus, Mudd Library was renovated in 2017 with collaboration and technology in mind.
 * Charles Deering Memorial Library: built in 1933, and named for Charles Deering, the library houses the art library, the Charles Deering McCormick Library of Special Collections, the Music Library and University Archives.
 * Boas Mathematics Library: the library serves primarily the Mathematics Department and Statistics Department and has a research collection in pure mathematics and statistics of around 34,000 volumes.
 * The Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art, a major art museum in Chicago, contains more than 4,000 works in its permanent collection. It dedicates a third of its space to temporary and traveling exhibitions.
 * The Holocaust Educational Foundation, which had previously endowed the Theodore Zev Weiss – Holocaust Educational Foundation Professorship in Holocaust studies, became part of Northwestern in 2011.

Northwestern, along with 15 other universities, participates in digitizing its collections as part of the Google Book Search project. Northwestern University Library is a partner with the Native American Education Services College (NAES), the American Indian Association of Illinois (AIAI), and Northwestern University's Center for Native American and Indigenous Research in the NAES College Digital Library Project, which preserves the NAES College library and archives.

Research
Northwestern was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1917 and is classified as an R1 university, denoting "very high" research activity. Northwestern's schools of management, engineering, and communication are among the most academically productive in the nation. The university received $923.8 million in research funding and $421 million in NIH funding in 2022 and houses over 90 school-based and 40 university-wide research institutes and centers. Northwestern also supports nearly 1,500 research laboratories across two campuses, predominantly in the medical and biological sciences. Also, Northwestern houses more than 50 University Research Institutes & Centers (URICS), which consists of institutes and initiatives that combine multiple areas of study to pursue research across domains such as quantum information, policy research, bioelectronics, and more. Northwestern is home to the Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics, Northwestern Institute for Complex Systems, Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, Materials Research Center, Center for Quantum Devices, Institute for Policy Research, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Center for Catalysis and Surface Science, Buffet Center for International and Comparative Studies, the Initiative for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, and the Argonne/Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center among other centers for interdisciplinary research. The university also shares collaborative research efforts with other universities such as the CZ Biohub Chicago with the University of Chicago and University of Illinois.

In addition, Northwestern University cooperates with research institutions such as Argonne National Laboratory and Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FermiLab). Proceeding in cooperation with these laboratories, the Center for Applied Physics and Superconducting Technologies (CAPST) and the Initiative at Northwestern for Quantum Information Research and Engineering (INQUIRE) have attracted attention in recent years. Northwestern's investment and collaboration areas include particle physics, quantum physics, quantum information technologies, and superconducting technologies.

Innovations and entrepreneurship
In 2013, Northwestern researchers disclosed 247 inventions, filed 270 patent applications, received 81 foreign and US patents, started 12 companies, and generated $79.8 million in licensing revenue. The Innovation and New Ventures Office (INVO) has been involved in creating the Center for Developmental Therapeutics (CDT) and the Center for Device Development (CD2). Northwestern files hundreds of patents each year, ranking among the top 20 universities in the world in terms of U.S. utility patents. One of the university's most successful current patents is pregabalin, a synthesized organic molecule developed at the university by chemistry professor Richard Bruce Silverman (for whom Silverman Hall was named). It was ultimately marketed as Lyrica, a drug sold by Pfizer, to combat epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and fibromyalgia.

Northwestern has an extensive history of producing prominent businessmen and entrepreneurs. Companies founded by Northwestern alumni include Groupon, The Blackstone Group, Booz Allen Hamilton, U.S. Steel, Kirkland & Ellis, Guggenheim Partners, Accenture, Aon Corporation, and AQR Capital.

The university also runs The Garage, and interdisciplinary innovation and entrepreneurship space and community for student-run startups. The Garage provides students with resources and programming related to entrepreneurship and mentorship. The Garage houses approximately 90 student-founded startups per academic quarter. Its programs and resources are available to all Northwestern students.

Student body
Northwestern enrolls more than 8000 undergraduate students and more than 8000 graduate students each year, as mentioned on the "About Our Students: Recruit at Northwestern" page on Northwestern's website. The freshman retention rate for that year was 99%. Eighty-six percent of students graduated after four years and 96% graduated after six years. These numbers can largely be attributed to the university's various specialized degree programs, such as those that allow students to earn master's degrees with a one- or two-year extension of their undergraduate program.

The undergraduate population is drawn from all 50 states and over 75 foreign countries. Twenty percent of students in the Class of 2024 were Pell Grant recipients and 12.56% were first-generation college students. Northwestern also enrolls the ninth-most National Merit Scholars of any university in the nation.

In Fall 2014, 40.6% of undergraduate students were enrolled in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, 21.3% in the McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, 14.3% in the School of Communication, 11.7% in the Medill School of Journalism, 5.7% in the Bienen School of Music, and 6.4% in the School of Education and Social Policy. The five most commonly awarded undergraduate degrees are economics, journalism, communication studies, psychology, and political science. The Kellogg School of Management's MBA, the School of Law's JD, and the Feinberg School of Medicine's MD are the three largest professional degree programs by enrollment. With 2,446 students enrolled in science, engineering, and health fields, the largest graduate programs by enrollment include chemistry, integrated biology, material sciences, electrical and computer engineering, neuroscience, and economics.

Undergraduate housing
Northwestern offers both traditional residence halls and residential colleges for students who share a particular intellectual interest. The residential colleges include Ayers College of Commerce and Industry, Chapin Hall (Humanities), East Fairchild (Communications), Hobart House (women's), the Public Affairs Residential College, the Residential College of Cultural and Community Studies, Shepard Residential College (multi-thematic), Slivka Residential College for Science and Engineering, West Fairchild (International Studies), and Willard Residential College (multi-thematic). Residence halls include Allison Hall, Bobb-McCulloch, Elder Hall, Foster-Walker Complex (commonly referred to as Plex), Rogers House, and Shapiro Hall (formerly known as 560 Lincoln) among others.

An estimated 20% of undergraduates are affiliated with a fraternity or sorority. Northwestern recognizes 21 fraternities and 18 sororities.

All incoming undergraduates at Northwestern University are required to live on campus for their first two years.

Traditions

 * Northwestern Rock and University Hall.jpg in front of the University Hall]]"Alma Mater" is the Northwestern Hymn. The original Latin version of the hymn was written in 1907 by Peter Christian Lutkin, the first dean of the School of Music from 1883 to 1931. In 1953, then Director-of-Bands John Paynter recruited an undergraduate music student, Thomas Tyra ('54), to write an English version of the song, which today is performed by the Marching Band during halftime at Wildcat football games and by the orchestra during ceremonies and other special occasions.
 * Purple became Northwestern's official color in 1892, replacing black and gold after a university committee concluded that too many other universities had used these colors. Today, Northwestern's official color is purple, although white is something of an official color as well, being mentioned in both the university's earliest song, Alma Mater (1907) ("Hail to purple, hail to white") and in many university guidelines.
 * The Rock, a six-foot-high quartzite boulder donated by the Class of 1902, originally served as a water fountain. It was painted over by students in the 1940s as a prank and has since become a popular vehicle of self-expression on campus. By tradition, students must guard it for twenty-four hours before painting it. To fulfill this rule, the rock is streamed 24/7 on Youtube.
 * Dillo Day, held at Northwestern University, is an all-day music festival that occurs towards the end of the spring quarter on the Lakefill. Established during the 1972/73 academic year, the event is orchestrated by Mayfest Productions, a student organization, and is the largest entirely student-managed music festival in the United States.
 * March Through the Arch is a tradition at Northwestern University that symbolically marks a student's start to the university. This event takes place during Wildcat Welcome week. Students pass through the Weber Arch on campus, representing their entry into a new chapter of their academic and personal lives. When graduating students march back through the arch.
 * Primal Scream is held every quarter at 9 p.m. on the Sunday before finals week. Students lean out of windows or gather in courtyards and scream to help relieve stress.

Philanthropy
One of Northwestern's student charity events is Dance Marathon. It has raised over $1 million for charity every year since 2011 and has donated a total of $13 million to children's charities since its conception.

The Northwestern Community Development Corps (NCDC) is a student-run organization that connects hundreds of student volunteers to community development projects in Evanston and Chicago throughout the year. The group also holds a number of annual community events, including Project Pumpkin, a Halloween celebration that provides over 800 local children with carnival events and a safe venue to trick-or-treat each year.

Many Northwestern students participate in the Freshman Urban Program, an initiative for students interested in community service to work on addressing social issues facing the city of Chicago, and the university's Global Engagement Studies Institute (GESI) programs, including group service-learning expeditions in Asia, Africa, or Latin America in conjunction with the Foundation for Sustainable Development.

Several international nongovernmental organizations were established at Northwestern, including the World Health Imaging, Informatics and Telemedicine Alliance, a spin-off from an engineering student's honors thesis.

Performing arts
Northwestern is a prolific producer of successful entertainers and a nationally reputed hub for collegiate performing arts. The Student Theatre Coalition, or StuCo, organizes nine student theater companies, multiple performance groups, and over sixty independent productions each year. Productions include The Waa-Mu Show, an original musical written and produced entirely by students, and the Dolphin show. Children's theater is represented on campus by Griffin's Tale and Purple Crayon Players.

Chicago's Lookingglass Theatre Company, which began life in Jones Residential College, was founded in 1988 by several university alumni, including David Schwimmer. It received the Regional Tony Award in 2011 and has won over 45 Joseph Jefferson Awards in its 30 Seasons.

The undergraduate students maintain twelve a cappella groups, including THUNK a cappella, the Northwestern Undertones, Freshman Fifteen A Cappella, ShireiNU A Cappella, and Purple Haze.

Northwestern's performing arts scene also includes Boomshaka, which is the university's drum, dance, and rhythm ensemble.

Print

 * Norris University Center 2.jpg, the main center for student union]]Established in 1881, The Daily Northwestern is the university's main student newspaper and is published on weekdays during the academic year. It is directed entirely by undergraduate students and owned by the Students Publishing Company. Although it serves the Northwestern community, the Daily has no business ties to the university and is supported wholly by advertisers.
 * North by Northwestern is an online undergraduate magazine established in September 2006 by students at the Medill School of Journalism. Published on weekdays, it consists of updates on news stories and special events throughout the year. It also publishes a quarterly print magazine.
 * Syllabus is the university's undergraduate yearbook. It is distributed in late May and features a culmination of the year's events at Northwestern. First published in 1885, the yearbook is published by Students Publishing Company and edited by Northwestern students.
 * Northwestern Flipside is an undergraduate satirical magazine. Founded in 2009, it publishes a weekly issue both in print and online.
 * Helicon is the university's undergraduate literary magazine. Established in 1979, it is published twice a year: a web issue is released in the winter and a print issue with a web complement is released in the spring.
 * The Protest is Northwestern's quarterly social justice magazine.
 * The Northwestern division of Student Multicultural Affairs supports a number of publications for particular cultural groups including Ahora, a magazine about Hispanic and Latino/a culture and campus life; Al Bayan, published by the Northwestern Muslim-cultural Student Association; BlackBoard Magazine, a magazine centered around African-American student life; and NUAsian, a magazine and blog on Asian and Asian-American culture and issues.
 * The Northwestern University Law Review is a scholarly legal publication and student organization at Northwestern University School of Law. Its primary purpose is to publish a journal of broad legal scholarship. The Law Review publishes six issues each year. Student editors make the editorial and organizational decisions and select articles submitted by professors, judges, and practitioners, as well as student pieces. The Law Review also publishes scholarly pieces weekly on the Colloquy.
 * The Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property is a law review published by an independent student organization at Northwestern University School of Law.
 * The Northwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review is a scholarly legal publication published annually by an editorial board of Northwestern undergraduates. Its mission is to publish interdisciplinary legal research, drawing from fields such as history, literature, economics, philosophy, and art. Founded in 2008, the journal features articles by professors, law students, practitioners, and undergraduates. It is funded by the Buffett Center for International and Comparative Studies and the Office of the Provost.

Web-based

 * TriQuarterly is a literary magazine published twice a year featuring poetry, fiction, nonfiction, drama, literary essays, reviews, blog posts, and art.
 * Established in January 2011, Sherman Ave is a satirical website that often publishes content on Northwestern student life.
 * Established in 2010 by undergraduates, Politics & Policy provides analysis of current events and public policy.
 * Founded in 2005, Northwestern Business Review is a campus source for business news.
 * The Queer Reader is Northwestern's first radical feminist and LGBTQ+ publication.

Radio, film, and television

 * WNUR (89.3 FM) is a 7,200-watt radio station that broadcasts to the north side of Chicago, as well as the northern suburbs of Evanston and Skokie. WNUR's programming consists of music (jazz, classical, and rock), literature, politics, current events, varsity sports (football, men's and women's basketball, baseball, softball, and women's lacrosse), and breaking news on weekdays.
 * Studio 22 is a student-run production company that produces roughly ten films each year. The organization financed the first film Zach Braff directed, and many of its films have featured students who would later go into professional acting, including Zach Gilford of Friday Night Lights.
 * Applause for a Cause is currently the only student-run production company in the nation to create feature-length films for charity. It was founded in 2010 and has raised over $5,000 to date for various local and national organizations across the United States.
 * Northwestern News Network is a student television news and sports network, serving the Northwestern and Evanston communities. Its studios and newsroom are located on the fourth floor of the McCormick Tribune Center on Northwestern's Evanston campus. NNN is funded by the Medill School of Journalism.

Speech and debate
The Northwestern Debate Society has won fifteen National Debate Tournaments, the highest number of any university. Alumni of the society include Erwin Chemerinsky, legal scholar and Dean of UC Berkeley School of Law, and Elliot Mincberg of People For the American Way.

Northwestern's Mock Trial team had two teams qualify for the 2018 National Championship Tournament hosted by the American Mock Trial Association, making Northwestern one of seven schools in the nation to be represented by multiple teams at the competition. One of the two teams finished 9th in their division and is ranked 20th in the country out of roughly 750 teams for the 2018–2019 season.

Athletics
Northwestern is a charter member of the Big Ten Conference. It was the conference's only private university until 2024's addition of USC and possesses by far the smallest undergraduate enrollment (the next-smallest member, the University of Iowa, is roughly three times as large, with almost 22,000 undergraduates).

Northwestern fields 19 intercollegiate athletic teams (8 men's and 11 women's) in addition to numerous club sports. Twelve of Northwestern's varsity programs have had NCAA or bowl postseason appearances. Northwestern is one of five private AAU members to compete in NCAA Power Five conferences (the other four are Duke, Stanford, USC, and Vanderbilt) and maintains a 98% NCAA Graduation Success Rate, the highest among Football Bowl Subdivision schools.

In 2018, the school opened the Walter Athletics Center, a $270 million state-of-the-art lakefront facility for its athletics teams.

Nickname and mascot
Before 1924, Northwestern teams were known as "The Purple" and unofficially as "The Fighting Methodists." The name Wildcats was bestowed upon the university in 1924 by Wallace Abbey, a writer for the Chicago Daily Tribune, who wrote that even in a loss to the University of Chicago, "Football players had not come down from Evanston; wildcats would be a name better suited to [Coach Glenn] Thistletwaite's boys." The name was so popular that university board members made "Wildcats" the official nickname just months later. In 1972, the student body voted to change the official nickname to "Purple Haze," but the new name never stuck.

The mascot of Northwestern Athletics is Willie the Wildcat. Prior to Willie, the team mascot had been a live, caged bear cub from the Lincoln Park Zoo named Furpaw, who was brought to the playing field on game days to greet the fans. After a losing season, the team decided that Furpaw was to blame for its misfortune and decided to select a new mascot. Willie the Wildcat made his debut in 1933, first as a logo and then in three dimensions in 1947, when members of the Alpha Delta fraternity dressed as wildcats during a Homecoming Parade.

Football
The Northwestern Wildcats football team is a Division I college football team and member of the Big Ten Conference. The team has a history dating back to 1882. They are known as the Wildcats, a nickname given by a Chicago Tribune reporter in 1924 after observing a game where the players displayed a strong and fierce presence, akin to a "wall of purple wildcats."

The team has achieved success, winning three Big Ten championships or co-championships since 1995. Additionally, they have been eligible to participate in bowl games five times between 2015 and 2020. Northwestern takes pride in its academic achievements as well, consistently ranking among the top football teams in graduation rates. They have been honored with the AFCA Academic Achievement Award four times since 2002.

The Wildcats play their home games at Ryan Field, formerly known as Dyche Stadium, a venue they have called home since 1926. Given their close proximity to Chicago and strong connections to the city, Northwestern Football is often recognized as "Chicago's Big Ten Team."

Northwestern's football team has made 73 appearances in the top 10 of the AP poll since 1936 (including 5 at #1) and has won eight Big Ten conference championships since 1903. At one time, Northwestern had the longest losing streak in Division I-A, losing 34 consecutive games between 1979 and 1982. They did not appear in a bowl game after 1949 until the 1996 Rose Bowl. The team did not win a bowl since the 1949 Rose Bowl until the 2013 Gator Bowl. Following the sudden death of football coach Randy Walker in 2006, 31-year-old former All-American Northwestern linebacker Pat Fitzgerald assumed the position, becoming the youngest Division I FBS coach at the time.

In 1882 as a group of Northwestern men played a "football heat" against a group of Lake Forest men. The Wildcats have since achieved an all-time-high rank of No. 1 during the 1936 and 1962 seasons, which has thus far not been duplicated. The team plays home games at Ryan Field in Evanston, Illinois. The Wildcats have participated in a total of 16 bowl games, including appearances in 10 seasons between 2008 and 2020. During the 2016–2018 seasons, they secured victory in three consecutive bowl games. In 2020, the Wildcats claimed the title of Big Ten West Champions and were champions in their bowl game.

Basketball
The Helms Athletic Foundation named the men's basketball team the 1931 National Champion. In 2017, the men's basketball team earned an NCAA berth for the first time in the program's history. They won their first-round matchup against Vanderbilt University but lost to number-one seed Gonzaga in the second round.

In 1998, two former Northwestern basketball players were charged and convicted for sports bribery, having been paid to shave points in games against three other Big Ten schools during the 1995 season. The football team became embroiled in a different betting scandal later that year when federal prosecutors indicted four former players for perjury related to betting on their own games. In August 2001, Rashidi Wheeler, a senior safety, collapsed and died during practice from an asthma attack. An autopsy revealed that he had ephedrine, a stimulant banned by the NCAA, in his system, which prompted Northwestern to investigate the prevalence of stimulants and other banned substances across all of its athletic programs. In 2006, the Northwestern women's soccer team was suspended and coach Jenny Haigh resigned following the release of images of alleged hazing.

Men's Basketball
The Wildcats men's basketball team is under the direction of Sullivan-Ubben head men's basketball coach Chris Collins, a role that he has been in since 2013. Collins led the Wildcats to heights never before reached during the 2016–17 season when the program saw a school-record 24 wins and its first NCAA tournament berth and victory in program history. Collins was named as one of four finalists for the Naismith Men's Coach of the Year award in 2017.

The Wildcats single national championship is from 1931, retro-picked by the Helms Athletic Foundation and, later, by the Premo-Porrett Power Poll. Since then, the Wildcats have played in the National Invitation Tournament seven times, most recently in 2012. The men's basketball program was the first to open the renovated Welsh-Ryan Arena on November 2, 2018, in an exhibition game against McKendree. The state-of-the-art facility was built to be the most accessible arena in college athletics and seats 7,039. The team is cheered on by the Wildside student section.

Women's Basketball
In 2017, the Wildcats saw its highest draft pick in program history with Nia Coffey, selected fifth overall by the San Antonio Stars. The first player drafted in program history was Amy Jaeschke in 2011, selected 27th overall by the Chicago Sky.

Fencing
The Northwestern Fencing program competes in the Central Collegiate Conference and has a tenured history of success. Zach Moss is the programs head coach, a role that he has been in since 2016. Following a historic 2017–18 season, Moss was named the Midwest Fencing Conference Coach of the Year as the Wildcats captured their fifth-ever conference championship and finished with three All-Americans at the NCAA Championships. Additionally, the team set the program record for most wins in a season with 47 and the program record for longest win streak at 25. The 2018–19 season saw more milestones for the Wildcats including a 39–5 record, an 11th-place finish at the NCAA Championships, and a second consecutive conference championship. The Wildcats achieved the highest ranking in program history during the season at second in the country and amassed 39 victories at the conference championships.

Field Hockey
The Northwestern Field Hockey team plays its home games at Lakeside Field, adjacent to Lanny and Sharon Martin Stadium on the lakefront. The Wildcats are led by head coach Tracey Fuchs, a role that she has been in since 2009. Fuchs has led the Wildcats to two Big Ten titles and three NCAA tournament appearances. Under Fuchs' direction, the Wildcats have posted winning seasons in 10 of her 11 seasons.

The Northwestern Wildcats field hockey team has gathered 6 regular-season Big Ten titles and 1 tournament title in addition to 14 NCAA tournament appearances. In 2021, the team won the NCAA tournament, followed by a championship game appearance in 2022.

Lacrosse
Northwestern lacrosse has won the national championship in women's lacrosse five straight times, from 2005 to 2009, and then again in 2011 and 2012, giving them seven championships in eight years. In 2007, the team joined Maryland as the only other school to three-peat. The run started in 2005, when the team enjoyed a perfect season and defeated many long-established east-coast schools after only five years as a varsity sport to capture the school's first national championship since 1941. In doing so, it became the westernmost institution to ever win the title. Soon after, the team made national news when members appeared in a White House photo with President Bush wearing thong sandals, or flip-flops, dubbed as the "White House flip-flop flap." The 2009 season also was an undefeated run. In their five consecutive championship seasons, the Wildcats have a 106–3 record. The Wildcats are led by head coach Kelly Amonte-Hiller, a role that she has been in since 2002. Most recently, the Wildcats won their first-ever Big Ten Championship in 2019 and won their first-ever Big Ten regular season championship in 2021.

Wrestling
The Northwestern Wildcats wrestling program hosts home matches in Welsh-Ryan Arena and practices in the Ken Kraft Wrestling Room, located in Anderson Hall. The Wildcats are led by Matt Storniolo, a role that he has been in since 2016. The Wildcats have had 40 Big Ten individual champions in addition to 10 NCAA individual champions and 75-plus All-Americans.

Golf
The men's golf team has won eight Big Ten Conference championships: 1925, 1937, 1939, 1948, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2006. They have twice placed second in the NCAA Championships: 1939, 1945. Luke Donald won the NCAA Individual Championship in 1999. He was Big Ten Conference Player of the year in 1999, and David Merkow was named the same in 2006. Donald was ranked number 1 in the Official World Golf Ranking for 56 weeks in 2011 and 2012.

Alumni
Northwestern alumni have included numerous prominent figures in journalism, government, literature, business, science, performing arts, education, and medicine. Among U.S. universities, Northwestern ranks eighth in the number of billionaires produced.

Some of Northwestern's alumni include U.S. Senator and presidential candidate George McGovern, Nobel Prize-winning economist George J. Stigler, Nobel Prize-winning novelist Saul Bellow, Pulitzer Prize-winning composer and diarist Ned Rorem, decorated composer Howard Hanson, Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey Ali Babacan, historian and novelist Wilma Dykeman, sociologist and adviser of CEPAL Fernando Filgueira, and the founder of the presidential prayer breakfast Abraham Vereide.

U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice John Paul Stevens, Supreme Court Justice and Ambassador to the United Nations Arthur Joseph Goldberg, Chicago Mayor Harold L. Washington, Governor of Illinois and Democratic presidential candidate Adlai Stevenson, and former lawyer, Cincinnati mayor, news anchor, and current tabloid talk host Jerry Springer are among the graduates of the Northwestern School of Law.

Northwestern alumni have founded companies and organizations such as the Mayo Clinic, The Blackstone Group, Kirkland & Ellis, U.S. Steel, Guggenheim Partners, Accenture, Aon Corporation, AQR Capital, Booz Allen Hamilton, and Melvin Capital. The number of Northwestern alumni involved in theater, film, and television is also so large that the alumni have been dubbed the "Northwestern mafia."

Faculty
The university employs 3,781 faculty members across its eleven schools, including 18 members of the National Academy of Sciences, 65 members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 19 members of the National Academy of Engineering, and 6 members of the Institute of Medicine. Faculty include 2010 Nobel Prize–winning economist Dale T. Mortensen; nano-scientists Chad Mirkin and Samuel I. Stupp; Benjamin Franklin Medal in Electrical Engineering winner Manijeh Razeghi; Tony Award-winning director Mary Zimmerman; management expert Philip Kotler; King Faisal International Prize in Science recipient and Nobel laureate Sir Fraser Stoddart; Steppenwolf Theatre director Anna Shapiro; sexual psychologist J. Michael Bailey; Federalist Society co-founder Steven Calabresi; former Weatherman Bernardine Rae Dohrn; ethnographer Gary Alan Fine; Pulitzer Prize–winning historian Garry Wills; American Academy of Arts and Sciences fellow Monica Olvera de la Cruz and MacArthur Fellowship recipients Stuart Dybek, Jennifer Richeson, Amy Rosenzweig, John A. Rogers, Mark Hersam, William Dichtel, and Dylan Penningroth. The faculty also includes Holocaust denier Arthur Butz and Richard Bruce Silverman, inventor of Lyrica (Pregabalin). Former faculty include political advisor David Axelrod, artists William Conger, Judy Ledgerwood, Ed Paschke, and James Valerio, writer Charles Newman, Nobel Prize–winning chemist John Pople, and military sociologist and "don't ask, don't tell" author Charles Moskos.

title: Northwestern University


text:
Wikipedia talk:How to revert a page to an earlier version

I tried reverting and I did *not* get a warning. By design? Sebastian 04:38 Jan 25, 2003 (UTC)
 * You do get a warning, it's just not very obvious in my opinion. I have suggested before that you get a pop-up box warning, but it's wasn't thought a good idea, by various people. Mintguy
 * count my vote on your side. Sebastian 04:55 Jan 25, 2003 (UTC)

ATTENTION!!! Content has been moved from this page. Please see the following pages for extremely important but long, drawn-out discusson, votes and polls which are still in progress.
 * Policy vote: per article ban or per user page protection for revert wars?
 * Policy vote: 24 hour bans for revert wars?
 * Poll: revert wars considered harmful

Why not automate page protection?
As proposed in Edit wars: Why not automatically page protect an article for 48 hours when it has been reverted to the same version three times?
 * Not practical. It'd be easily circumvented by trivial edits instead of reversions.
 * Eminently practical, like a forcing draw in a game of chess. Nonsop reversions would trigger it without sysop intervention; it would maintain the status quo; sysops could either cancel the protection or make it permanent. It would protect the edit history and force a cooldown period.
 * Page protection in general is bad. If you want a technical solution for edit histories, make them easy to delete redundant entries, and we don't need it.
 * This would unquestionably be abused: in chess, people force draws when they're losing. It would increase, not decrease, sysop workload.

Hastiness in reverting
Don't be hasty to revert. You can always revert later.
 * But we don't want blatant POV to remain for any length of time!
 * Who is "we"? Some articles have had POV for years anyway. If you're not hasty, the benefit: Second thoughts may be more valuable than the first.

 * This is difficult. They are too hasty sometime. But then some edits are just bad, and we don't need them in public view. Maybe we should have a sandbox mode- allow a page to be edited, but the edits would not show up until some time passed or someone used the Publish button.
 * Why not have a voluntary one-hour wait on reversions of edits that are being debated; wait for a response on the talk page before you revert.
 * But people often don't do that and are unwilling to discuss. This means a bad page (inaccurate, misleading) is visible longer. Most initial reversions are just antivandalism.
 * Simpler idea. Why not just have a 2-3 minute "cool off" period following a revert? Also, this idea has no chance of being implemented.
 * Why not just use the talk page?
 * The talk page isn't as "tactile", and it helps to be able to see context better, with actual article text.
 * Yes, but you can always copy article content or add a subpage.

 * Repeated reversion is pointless. But this guideline might confuse new users, if they even know about it.
 * The reverts aren't the problem, it's the lack of discussion. All reverts should be justified and all reverters should be ready to discuss.
 * (Newbie Opinion) If it's clear that an edit war is underway, why not just acknowledge the dispute within the article until it is resolved (e.g. with a discreet talk-page link at the appropriate place noting that the statement is currently under dispute)? Then someone can fix it later once the war has cooled off and discussion has taken place.  Meanwhile, newcomers to the article won't be misled by bad edits/POV. --68.85.27.88 04:01, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC)

The protection option
On the "vile mailing list", there's been some talk of making the so-called three revert rule an enforceable rule. I can see two obvious routes to enforcement, each with advantages:

 * 1) Temp-ban option: Sysops may apply a 24 hour temporary ban on those who revert the same page more than three times in the same day.
 * 2) Protection option: Sysops, in choosing to protect pages, may choose to protect the version whose supporters have (individually) not violated the three revert rule. So, if Martin reverts 4 times, and 5 people revert once - the version the 5 people want, and that Martin doesn't want, gets protected.

I'm leaning towards the protection option, personally. What do folks think? Martin 23:17, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * I personally like the protection option. Sysops should use a light touch, and that option encourages it. It also allows users to edit other articles (which in some cases may be a bad thing, but I think it's mostly good) →Raul654 23:25, Mar 8, 2004 (UTC)

I'm more inclined to ban anyone who accumulates six reverts of things which are not simple vandalism in one day for 24 hours. That indicates a pattern of reverting which is unlikely to be in a single article and suggests that protection is getting in the way of legitimate contributors. We know that there are comparatively few contributors who habitually choose revert wars rather than discussion and consensus seeking. Better to try to act against those not choosing to act within the community than to protect every page those people choose to fight over. If someone accumulates seven bans for this reason within some moderately short period, that suggests to me that it's arbitration committe time. Jamesday 23:28, 8 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Banning is the better option in the case of continued reverts as it affects only the person doing the reverting, rather everyone else who wants to edit the page, which is the effect protection has. Angela. 00:57, Mar 9, 2004 (UTC)

 * Pages with prolonged edit wars tend to get protected anyway, so I'm just proposing we use that as leverage.

 * The complaints over "The Wrong Version" indicate that people who often succumb to revert wars may be particularly susceptible to this form of stick - if they did not mind it, they would not squeal so. Martin 21:42, 9 Mar 2004 (UTC)

I'm liking the protection option. -- Cyan 22:02, 9 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Temp ban is much better. Page protection hurts everyone. But temp bans are a bad idea too. If a logged in user continually adds various different non-obvious vandalism (but trolling nonetheless), many people would quickly run out of their reverts for the day. Anthony 06:22, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Protection is, of course in my personal view, better for the wikipedia community. Protection encourages discussion, banning disencourages. It's good if the protecting sysop follow the principle of reverting to a page whose supporters are less aggressive, but maybe such a rule ought not be written in stone. There must be space for the sysop to make a sensitive choise - and also for doing mistakes without being heavily criticized.--Ruhrjung 11:46, 10 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Why not combine the two options? Martin's protection option on a per article basis and then have a three-strike rule for users: If a user gets more than three articles protected (the user violates the 3-revert rule) in some time period, then the user gets a 24 hour time out. --mav

What objective evidence do you have that people who revert are the problem? What if the problem is POV writers that need reverting? It makes just as much sense - that is to say little - to tempban people who have more than 3 edits reverted, than the other way around. Stirling Newberry 17:51, 28 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Hmmm. So what happens to the page protections at this point?  Are they lifted as soon as the user is banned, or do they stay protected for longer than the user is banned?  Of course this could get complicated... picture three users engaging in revert wars for no good reason, the people this rule would be aimed at. What happens when reverter A gets three articles protected and gets a 24 time out.  On two of these pages reverter B was the only other involved, and on the other reverter C was involved.  A gets a ban, B and C don't, so if the page protection is lifted at the start of A's ban, B and C can revert back to their POV.  fabiform | talk 22:06, 13 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * We unprotect when protection is no longer necessary, which I expect would still work. Martin 17:16, 14 Mar 2004 (UTC)

I'm liking mav's idea. Given Jimbo's support, I've edited protection policy. We can add 24hr temp-bans to that, if folks support it (I'm personally abstaining for now). Martin 17:16, 14 Mar 2004 (UTC)

For the record, Anthony DiPierro (as of now) believes that this is not policy. That's something of a meta-issue: the more relevant question for Anthony is - why does he oppose the policy (if indeed he does). Martin 01:08, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, as I wrote above, page protection hurts everyone. Furthermore, the fact that one person is reverting slightly more than another means nothing as to the value of the reversion.  And page protection lasts indefinitely.  That's far too serious of a "punishment", especially when it relies on the judgement of a single sysop.  Finally, and most importantly, reverts aren't necessarily a bad thing in the first place. Anthony
 * Excessive reverts are a bad thing, though. Kingturtle 01:20, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the insightful explanation. Anthony
 * Also, since this is optional, it allows sysops to get involved in forcing their views into Wikipedia. The rule that sysops were not supposed to edit protected pages was made for a reason, after all. Anthony 01:22, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Well, page protection does hurt everyone, but the change to protection policy is for cases where we would be protecting anyway. It's not a change to when to protect, only what to protect. So I don't think that argument (while valid) is relevant to the recent change in protection policy.

Yes, the fact that one person is reverting slightly more (or very much more) is not necessarilly relevant to the value of the reversion, but the protection policy is about discouraging revert wars, not evaluating reversions, so I'm not seeing the link here.

Page protection lasts until unprotection, and since any sysop can unprotect at any time, it relies on the judgement of ~200 sysops, not just one. So I think this is just incorrect, unless I misunderstand you.

I understand that you believe that reversions aren't necessarilly a bad thing. The many people in the community who occasionally revert pages, including myself, agree with you. I'm guessing what you mean to say is that repeated reverts (four or more to the same page, on the same day, by the same person) aren't necessarilly a bad thing. Do I understand you correctly on this point? Martin 01:24, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I would guess that this new twist to page protection is going to cause a lot more pages to be protected, as now sysops can force their viewpoints while protecting them. As for protection being able to be lifted at any time, that's still indefinite, and it generally lasts much longer than 24 hours. You understand me correctly.  There's nothing wrong with reversions, so obviously there's nothing wrong with 4 reversions. Anthony 01:36, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC)

So far it looks like people are reverting more, without discussion on the talk page, as they feel that as long as they outnumber the other side they have no need to compromise and attempt to reach consensus. It's too early to say for sure if that's what's going to happen, but that's my suspicion, and so far evidence is leaning that way. Anthony 04:52, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC)

One immediate practical effect is that it is going to cause a lot more escalation of user issues. Perhaps this is good, there are an awful lot of contributors who don't write NPOV. Before after a revert war, generally NPOV won out. Now with the restrictions and the rule favoring the numerically superior side, it is going to mean a lot more gets kicked upstairs for review. Good, bad ? I don' know. Stirling Newberry 17:48, 28 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, every policy gets to be modified in light of how it works in practice. Perhaps this will all be a huge mistake - if so, it can be reversed quickly and easily enough. That's one of the benefits of Wikipedia not having a written constitution and formal policy change procedure: we can be as flexible as we like. However, I don't think the handful of protected pages over the last three days is much evidence even of a correlation, let alone cause-and-effect, for either of our positions. We'll have to wait a little longer. Still, since you don't believe that more reverts are bad, it's unclear to me why you're opposing this policy on that basis. Martin 18:43, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * My point is, even if reverts are bad, this policy does nothing to stop them, and in fact encourages them. Worse yet, it promotes reversion without discussion, which I do agree is generally a bad thing. Anthony 19:06, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Perhaps we should add something to the page to discourage reverting without discussion, and to encourage providing good edit summaries? Martin 21:31, 17 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I thought that was already in there. If not, yes, it should be, but it's not going to accomplish anything. Anthony 22:01, 31 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Take a look a Jerusalem for an example of this policy being used inconsistently. Anthony 12:01, 17 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, there will be inconsistency, due to the "may" aspect of it, and that I haven't been running around like a wild monkey promoting my change. There are other examples, of course.
 * If my alternative of protecting a specific version catches on widely, then this issue will go away. If it doesn't, then maybe it should be rethought. As I think we agreed earlier, it's too early to tell. Martin 21:31, 17 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * How will the issue go away? People are still not going to fairly apply it in all circumstances. Anthony 22:01, 31 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * If it becomes standard practice, then I think people will, without really thinking about it much. Hard to predict the future, though. Martin 13:52, 24 Apr 2004 (UTC)

I'm currently involved in an edit war, so take my comments from the POV of someone who this potentially applies to. Reversion banning rules favor users with less invested - they "force a draw" by vandalizing or POVing. The sensible user reverts (Strike 1), the Povian reverts (Strike 1) and so on. Meaning the vandal has a first mover advantage. He reverts twice without cost, and the sensible user is faced with a 24 hour ban, or allowing the POV version to stand for some period, at which point the cycle repeats and the POV version stands, again. And so on. Any policy should look at the history of the page and the users to determine what should be done. Page protection for "cooling off" is much better, and allows time for the other mechanisms to run their course. Stirling Newberry 15:36, 27 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Actual vandals can be blocked. See dealing with vandalism.
 * Regards POVing - if it's really bad, someone else will notice it, and revert it. Then the POV editor loses their "first mover advantage" and is at a numerical disadvantage. You're not alone in the fight for balance! :) 00:46, 28 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * That's not the case in my little corner of wiki. As noted above the conditions that prevail in a large actively editted page - where page protection hurts many people, and one can assume there is someone else who will revert POV edits - do not prevail on pages with fewer editors. The rules as proposed are not fair to those of us in smaller conflicts. Stirling Newberry 02:03, 28 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Draft pages proposed for resolving disputed articles
My advice would be when a page gets protected, a draft page would be created where the editorial wrangling can continue. Discussion could continue on the talk page and people could edit war till the cows come home on the draft page, but the main article wouldn't get unlocked until somebody reached an agreement. And the page would best be locked in a most recent stable condition, not the most recent condition represented after somebody or somebodies started making uncollaborative changes.
 * How would we go about doing this cleanly? A Draft: namespace, perhaps? - Fennec

Failure to participate the editorial process on a draft page would result in the page going front without that parties interests included. This would put both parties in a dispute in the position where neither could go forward without winning consent from the other side, and would provide a more workable format in which to work out comprimise.

This site is all about making up rules it can never enforce, based on an assumption that disputes are immutable conflicts, often involving bad people, rather than a result of people with conflicting views being invited to create the same article. - User:172.198.46.33

Getting Lost on this Discussion Page
Is anyone else finding it almost impossible to work out where the new comments are being added to this page? Does anyone care to volunteer to archive and refactor so that it's easier to follow the debate? I got lost about three days ago. And unsigned comments don't help. Tannin 10:24, 12 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * I tried a little, refactoring a section and adding more headings. The table of contents is my friend. :) Fennec 14:37, 12 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Thankyou! I'm off to bed (it's nearly 2AM here) but I shall look forward to seeing the results of your labour in the morning. Tannin
 * There... that should help. Our biggest problem is that this page isn't one discussion, but at least eight or ten. Fennec 20:22, 12 Mar 2004 (UTC)

What is a day?
Does the 3-revert limit apply based on a 24-hour period, a UTC day, or some other meaning of day? Current practice has been to use a 24-hour period (see User talk:Wik). This also makes the most sense, since otherwise people could get in up to 6 reverts in an hour or so and claim not to have violated this rule/guideline. --Michael Snow 21:52, 31 Mar 2004 (UTC)

I only cited a single instance, because it's the most clearcut example, but the current practice extends to far more than just one person. For example, the quickpoll for Lord Kenneth is based on 4 reverts in a 24-hour period, but only 2 in any one UTC day, yet it currently has five voters in favor (while you commendably stick to your principles in your opposing vote).

To the extent that quickpolls make this a rule, we need to provide a clear definition of the time period involved (there is no "just that" meaning of day, as your own uncertainty demonstrates). I believe that is best accomplished by using a 24-hour window. We shouldn't have to rely on the user's time zone, because the information is difficult to prove and not readily available. And using a UTC day would provide an unfair advantage to users who, due to their location or personal schedule, frequently edit from, say, 23:00 - 01:00 UTC (gee, look what time it almost is now). --Michael Snow 22:28, 31 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Well, we probably disagree on how closely it approaches consensus. But obviously we need more opinions here, so maybe we should advertise the discussion a little more.

I don't understand what reverting first or last has to do with it, that's not the issue as I see it. People have to accept that the last revert before protection will probably be the wrong version. My point about the advantage is that if someone edits during the window I suggested (whether the day is UTC or any other time zone), they can revert at 23:25, 23:40, 23:50, 00:05, 00:10, and 00:20 without ever violating the rule. Six reverts in less than an hour - that's a classic instance of "gaming" the rule, which using a 24-hour window prevents. --Michael Snow 22:55, 31 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Is there any reason for it not to apply to a 24-hour period? It saves having to work out timezones, and as this is what the arbitration committee have already applied to Wik, it seems sensible to continue that. Angela. 21:34, Apr 1, 2004 (UTC)

It's not harder to figure out, because if we leave "day" up to people's individual definitions, then it will be utterly impossible to figure out what a day is. And I have no problem "penalizing" somebody who reverts at noon one day and 11 am the next. People who revert frequently in a short period should recognize that they're on thin ice, and edit accordingly. The rule is supposed encourage discussion instead of reverting. --Michael Snow 23:10, 1 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Being able to identify violations is important both for the person doing the reverting, and for other people, as long as any kind of sanction is attached to the guideline, such as quickpolls. Team-reverting is a separate issue, and anyway there is little benefit to it under the rule since once the "day" is over, you would just have to go back and fight the same war all over again. In my opinion, any limitation of reverting inherently encourages discussion. --Michael Snow 00:02, 2 Apr 2004 (UTC)

It is important for the person doing the reverting if that person wants to avoid having sanctions imposed. Martin's advice is an attempt to communicate the spirit of this rule to someone who seemed primarily interested in maximizing the "legal" use of reverts. Limiting reverting encourages discussion because when you exhaust the ability to revert, the only options left are to discuss the problem or walk away. --Michael Snow 00:38, 2 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Someone being banned is a kind of sanction. Protection is another tool to prevent reverting (by technical means for non-admins, and by community pressure for admins). Realizing that endless reversion is futile is a form of walking away. Without developing appropriate tools and policies to limit it, reverting can go on long enough to harm the community (this assumption, not "reverting forever", is what my argument is really about). And reverting is much easier than discussing, so there's an incentive to that as the path of least resistance. If we create disincentives to revert, they will necessarily encourage people to choose other options. --Michael Snow 03:32, 2 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Given that you have already stated your opposition to this guideline, Anthony, it seems obvious that you will also oppose anything that makes it a "tighter" rule. I think we can take that for granted. I'm more interested in knowing if anyone who supports the guideline has a problem with day = any 24 hour period. Martin 23:24, 1 Apr 2004 (UTC)

I'm not opposed to this guideline. In fact, I voted in favor of it. anthony 23:41, 1 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Oh, my apologies Anthony: I saw you'd voted for it being pointless, and didn't realise you'd voted in favour of it despite that. Martin 23:50, 1 Apr 2004 (UTC)

More specifically, I voted that I "think its [sic] pointless to declare an 'end to revert wars' without advocating another means of solving disputes". I don't think the guideline itself is pointless. I think presenting it as a strict rule without having some other way to determine what page to display is pointless. In fact, considering that a strict rule would essentially enforce plurality rule (most people=most reverts), it's perhaps even worse than pointless. anthony 00:00, 2 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Hmm, it only amounts to a plurality for a single day (and even there, it's weighted by motivation). Over the longer term, it reduces to multi-party iterated prisoner's dilemma - not fantastic, but not terrible either.

Anyway, thanks for clarifying for me. Martin 17:30, 2 Apr 2004 (UTC)

(I don't see how it's redundant. It could mean as determined by the reverter.)

Well, if there are less that 24 hours seperating four reverts, there are less than 24 hours seperating four reverts. That's not going to change depending on who is "determining" things. Hence, any 24hr period. Perhaps that's unclear? Martin 21:58, 2 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Having it as 24 hours makes logical sense. Change the policy to "no more than three reverts in any 24 hour period" if the term "day" is the sticking point. --Ben Brockert 23:59, May 3, 2004 (UTC)

 * this page is still listed on Requests for comment... anyway - I agree with Ben if that helps. Erich 04:52, 20 May 2004 (UTC) and Erich 06:43, 21 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Title
Why does this (and so many other policy/civics articles) have a title that is uselessly long? Add to this target links... How_to_revert_a_page_to_an_earlier_version SeewhatImean? -SV(talk) 02:07, 5 Apr 2004 (UTC) PS. Quicklink - WP:3RR -Should be Wikipedia:Revert > Reversion

 * revert already redirects. Isn't that sufficient? Martin

 * No - the policy name should just be Reversion. All extra info is contained in the body. Apply this to other articles, and you will see some method to the madness. -Stevertigo 04:46, 10 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Rollbacks marked minor
Could somebody please explain to me why a rollback by a custodian is marked minor by the software? I find that they are seldom minor edits. Thanks. moink 00:01, 27 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Seems an old feature. My guess is that it hails from WikiWiki / MeatballWiki / ... days, when normal approach was to revert vandalism with a MinorEdit. Could be wrong, though. Martin 21:33, 5 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Hmm. I disagree with having them marked minor.  Does anyone else care?  moink 00:05, 7 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I care, they should not be marked minor IMO theresa knott 08:18, 7 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I don't think this feature should be given to sysops but not other editors in the first place. anthony (see warning)

 * They should be marked minor. The rollback feature is only for vandalism. Why would you want vandalism reversion showing up on recent changes? Angela. 10:18, May 7, 2004 (UTC)

 * But other users have marked their reversions as minor using the rollback feature as an excuse. What's wrong with rollbacks showing up on RC? It alterts others to the fact that a vandal is about. theresa knott 10:24, 7 May 2004 (UTC)

 * People chosing not to view minor edits are not likely to want to know about vandalism. They'd be checking minor edits if they did. Also, if bot rollback is used, it won't show up even on the default recent changes, so you'd need to choose hidebots=0 if you really wanted to see all of the vandalism. Angela. 19:24, May 10, 2004 (UTC)

 * How about "reverts should only be marked minor in the case of vandalism, as defined at dealing with vandalism". The corrollary of that is that sysop rollback should only be used for vandalism. Martin 18:10, 11 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I have found that there are situations where it is appropriate that really don't quite rise to the level of vandalism, as with the recent matter involving User:Mike Church. He was edit warring over several different articles at once to defend links to his vanity page.  I rolled back these changes, as did Brian Corr.  Rationale was the same for all edits and was explained on his talk page by Brian and me (now at User_talk:Mike Church/archive2).  He declined to respond other than by reinstating his edits.  I don't think there is anything wrong with using a rollback in a situation like that, and I wouldn't want us to have to debate whether a particular rollback was applied to "vandalism" or just something that an admin didn't agree with.  UninvitedCompany 23:46, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

coping with banned users
When a banned user comes back with vengeance, on multiple IPs, it seems clear that people should ignore the 3-rv rule (and simultaneously work to block an aggressive vandal). There may be only ten interested parties online, and a vandal can easily blank a page thirty or fifty times in a day. Some people rv'ing vogelisms today apparently (iir[#irc]c) stopped after three per page, perhaps an unfortunate side effect of this guideline. I added two relevant sentences to section 4. +sj+ 19:45, 2004 May 10 (UTC)

 * There is no reason for a vandal to be able to blank a page 50 times in a day. Just protect the page! I see no need for an exception to the 3 revert rule here. Angela. 07:20, May 11, 2004 (UTC)

 * Like Angela, I'd say protecting pages and/or temp-blocking IPs should be simple enough, with current policy, so I don't see that an exception for banned users is necessary. It might also generate some strife in the case of suspected reincarnations (whether mistaken identity or otherwise). Martin 18:06, 11 May 2004 (UTC)

Removing page history entries
A user asked me to roll back a page that had undergone several vandalism-reversion cycles, because the vandal had included rude remarks in the edit summaries. That is, he wanted the offensive edit summaries removed. I couldn't figure out how to do it. For the time being, I moved the page to an inconspicuous place, deleted the original page, then re-created it with the same contents. Advice welcome. Sorry if I missed something obvious. (The "rollback" function simply appears to be a convenient way to revert, and preserves all previous page history). Dpbsmith 22:28, 26 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Right now there is no way to remove the history. If the user was the only one to have edited the page (besides any vandalisms), that's fine, but if someone else had edited it, then the history should have been preserved instead of creating a new page with the old content. Dori | Talk 23:48, May 26, 2004 (UTC)

 * Only developers can remove edit summaries and the rollback does exactly the same as manually reverting a page, only with less clicks. Bot rollback will additionally hide the edits from recent changes, but not from the page history or from watchlists. Angela. 01:41, May 27, 2004 (UTC)

 * In my opinion, the inability to remove the histories is an advantage. You don't want people deleting histories, especially if they have vandalism. — Mr. Grinch [[User talk:33451|(Talk)]] 20:59, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Reverts
The way I understand things now, sysops can quickly rollback a page by clicking a link on the page history, whereas anyone—even anons—can achieve the same effect by editing an old version of the page. Is there any reason for this difference? It seems to me that if anyone can revert a page, there's no point in making non-sysops go through an extra couple of clicks and pageloads (which can be a real pain on a slow server day). Does the rollback link do something sysop-only that I'm not aware of? If not, can the rest of us have the link? Thanks for reading. -Etaoin 05:49, 27 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Simply put, because we don't want to make it easy for non-sysops to rollback the work of others. For anti-vandalism purposes, ordinary users should have it, but if it were too easy, "certain users" might abuse the feature. →Raul654 05:52, May 27, 2004 (UTC)
 * Makes sense, but isn't that possible anyway? The lack of a rollback link isn't going to stop someone from reverting other people's work.  Tangling the user interface doesn't seem like the right way to solve the problem.  Additionally, I like to believe that there are many more good Wikipedians out there than bad; is it not written, "Assume Good Faith"?  -Etaoin 06:01, 27 May 2004 (UTC)

 * The "tangled user interface" is supposed to force the reverting parties into talking - at least by forcing each user to look at edit summary box. The rollback button bypasses that and thus discourages talk. That's probably as much as a reason as there is. Pete/Pcb21 (talk) 07:11, 27 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I think the idea of not making features like this too easy is a kind of soft security. Looking at MeatBall's article (SoftSecurity) I see this as an example of a PricklyHedge - although the name Speed Bumps has also been suggested. Basically, it being a fairly slow process (and yes, sometimes "a real pain") is likely to make people think before doing it, but admins/sysops have the power to bypass this if they have to do a whole bunch (i.e. for reverting a vandalism rampage). - IMSoP 18:58, 27 May 2004 (UTC)

Reverting process — too many steps?
I've been going through recent changes (live) a little lately, and frequently have to revert vandalism. I find that there are too many steps involved: If there were an "edit this version (for reversion purposes only!)" button in the diff-viewing page, it'd help: I propose that. (In fact, if there were a "revert to this version with summary ____" form on the diff page, it'd be even fewer steps: — but I'm not proposaing that. I think it would be too easily abused and take up too much room on the page.) What think you all?  —msh210 14:11, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Check the diff.
 * 2) Go to the old version.
 * 3) Click "edit".
 * 4) Add summary and save.
 * 1) Check the diff.
 * 2) Click "edit".
 * 3) Add summary and save.
 * 1) Check the diff.
 * 2) Add summary and revert.
 * Sysops can do that (using the rollback feature), but if we gave that ability to every user, it would make causing vandalism just as easy as reverting it. Also, could you imagine the edit wars ;) -Frazzydee|✍ 00:33, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Edit summaries when reverting tests
I see that many users reverting newbie tests use the edit summary "rv vandalism". Is this the proper summary or should something "kinder", such as "rv testing" or just "rv" be used? After all, newbie tests are specifically listed under what Vandalism is not. With that said, RC-patrollers are making very valuable contributions! Sjakkalle 08:43, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I think "rv vandalism" should be discouraged in the case of simple newbie tests: Assume good faith. (It doesn't hurt to err on the charitable side at first if it is vandalism, since you can be sterner in the future; it does hurt to drive people away who were just testing by calling them vandals.) Mindspillage (spill yours?) 04:38, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * I see Reverted edits by User to the last edit of Author and the user will have a hyperlink to their contirbution. It seems easy enough but I havn't figured that out (somone reply with the text to do that with).  It also dosn't give a POV link Mindspillage said. Supercoop 16:38, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Edit conflict
The article says Reverts never cause an edit conflict. And then goes on to say that they can. Or do I get something wrong? DirkvdM July 8, 2005 17:46 (UTC)

And another thing. I suppose that a revert only works for the last edit unless you're ok with reverting all the edits that follow it as well. That sounds obvious, but maybe it should be mentioned. I just experienced something like this in the Cuba article; I wanted to revert several edits except one (or two), so I just made notes of the ones I wanted to keep and then did those edits again. DirkvdM July 9, 2005 07:50 (UTC)

Rollback link on history page?
Administrators' how-to guide says that there's a rollback link on the article history page for admins. Well, I'm an admin, and I can't find one. There's one on the diff page, and on the user contributions page, but not on the history page. Having one at the history page would speed up revertions. — J I P | Talk 16:35, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

Revert glitch?
I've noticed one issue surrounding page reverts that I find annoying.

Several times, I've reverted obvious vandalism—but with an unexpected result. This has happened when I was reverting to a version that was credited to me. The article reverts to the last edit made by someone else other than me.

I can somewhat understand why this is, assuming it's Wikipedia policy... but it makes it VERY inconvenient to revert a page when I know I made the last helpful edit.

Any comments? – Dale Arnett 15:57, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

"Reverted Edits by User to last version by User2"
How do I do such thing? I revert a lot of vandalism, but sometimes, I see people who use that line in their summary. How can I do this? Is this even possible to do automatically, or is it manual? Sorry, I'm still quite new to Wikipedia. Could someone maybe put it in my talk in case I don't get back to this page? Thanks -Tcwd (talk) 21:41, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I wondered about that myself, so I'll answer it here. If you look at the Revert article, it describes the rollback feature for admins, and how it automatically adds that to edit summaries.  For those of us who aren't admins, we can manually add the whole rigamarole to our edit summaries, but it's not necessary.  I tried it for awhile, but it was too much typing and I was too lazy to set up a macro. -Abe Dashiell 17:28, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

 * To fight vandalism, many editors use Twinkle and/or popups. –panda 02:05, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

Revert trolls problem
Increasingly, I see reverts not for any problem in the improvements I contributed, but with the given reason that my little essay explaining them insufficient to placate the reverter. The essay appears only in the History section. Our mission with Wikipedia is a world-beating encyclopedia, not a world-beating set of edit descriptions.

Part of the burgeoning problem may be a snippet that I saw somewhere in Wikipedia's instructions incautiously encouraging reverting changes as a way to get discussions started. This section should be clarified to indicate that the reasons for the revert should be stated in full -- i.e., giving the reasons why the original article text was deemed superior. What I'm seeing instead is demands to make the little essay explaining the changes (which are in any event self-explanatory) a better essay, without saying what was lacking with it in the first place (my little essays often take up much or all of the space allowed in the little "Edit summary" field as it is).

The proliferation of these "Revert Trolls" diminishes my enthusiasm for contributing to Wikipedia. An effective mechanism for identifying them and shutting them down or educating them about the inadvisability of failing to follow the reverting guidelines is needed.

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