text:
Talk:Chongqing

Population
This city's population is definitely not 31 million. I'm changing it to 6,363,000 like on the "World's Largest Urban Agglomerations" page. --66.82.9.59 14:23, 15 August 2007 (UTC) Is it really 31 million? They´ve counted that year 2010 there would live 30 millions.Now is already 2009! They have to hurry up if they are gonna make it. Sorry for my bad english, i´m not from english speaking country83.148.238.194 (talk) 15:33, 21 April 2009 (UTC)

The city Chongqing is more than just a city, hence the confusing numbers. The municipality of chongqing covers 80.000 sq kilometers, and is in China considered a selfgovernerned area, hence term city. Though, large part of this 80.000 sqkm cannot be considered a city as most people would consider it. And latest numbers I read is around 32 millions, and 9 millions living in the urban areas, though, I spend 1 hour trying to find the number on Chongqing goverments own website witout luck. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Stiginshanghai (talk • contribs) 12:59, 29 May 2009 (UTC)

 * This issue has not yet been resolved. The article shows a collosal area covering a modest percent of most heavily populated part of China. The opening paragraph says both that it is a city, but also that "has jurisdiction over 19 districts, 17 counties, and four autonomous counties". The word "municipality" is (correctly, it seems) Wiki linked to Direct-controlled municipality; that Wiki article makes it clear that "municipality" in China means "province" in other countries.

 * As a whole, the article is quite well-written, with no obvious spin on presentation. But the discrepancy between someone's translation of a Chinese term and the English word "city" makes the article very confusing and should be clarified in a simple way. Regards, Piano non troppo (talk) 13:32, 8 April 2010 (UTC)

I have brought the population number in the article and in the infobox in sync with ref [1] given. The date was also wrong. After careful analysis, I deleted the sentence "The population of the urban area of Chongqing proper was close to 10 million (2009). " Reasons: 1.) The source does not specify "urban area of Chongqing proper." 2.)The total of "Principal Urban Areas" in the source is 8,553,335, not "close to 10 million." 3.)The date of that count is 2000-11-1 (apparently, the date of the last census), not 2009. I have looked for better data for the city proper, have not found any. The Chinese version is not helpful either. That matter is of great interest, especially for CQ. We should update the "City proper" count when reliable recent data are available.--BsBsBs (talk) 16:04, 18 May 2010 (UTC)

This article's #s for the metro area of Chongqing, which are replicated on this page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_cities, are in direct contradiction with this page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo , where it says Tokyo has the biggest metro area in the world at only 37.8 million vs the # given here for Chongqing at 52.1 million. The reference for Tokyo being the largest is the UN, and the Chongqing reference is from a Chinese newspaper. But the UN reference is from 2014 and the Chinese newspaper is from 2016, so it is possible there was a dramatic shift in that 2 year period. It would be helpful to have more sources to look at and compare. I don't know if the UN defines metro areas differently than a Chinese newspaper would, either. Seems like some "official" source would be better, but "official" doesn't mean correct. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:401:0:EBD9:ECD0:E931:93B1:888F (talk) 07:51, 2 August 2017 (UTC)

I have tidied up the introduction re population, as it was extremely misleading, and not internally consistent within the article. I have provided a reference for these changes (See: https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-16761784). The city size is now listed as around 8 million, the metro area is 17 million, and the population of the entire municipality is 30 million. These numbers are consistent with the populations in the side box, and in the section about demographics. Moreover, these numbers are consistent with the numbers in the BBC article I linked to. Previously, the article reported that Chongqing was the "largest city on planet earth". This came across more like Chinese propaganda than objective reporting. I'd suggest that we steer clear of that nonsense, and that where a State-sponsored Chinese newspaper article comes into conflict with reporting from elsewhere, that we default to the reporting from elsewhere. AustralianElm (talk) 14:52, 31 August 2018 (UTC)

Landmarks and Tourism
Isn't it a good idea to put the paragraphe "landmarks" under the paragraphe "tourism"? I added a paragraphe "sports" into the article. (Rob)

Did some Chinese tourism official write this section in the first place? It certainly reads that way. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.106.198.247 (talk) 11:31, 3 March 2008 (UTC)

Good to see that this section has been clarified, though I kind of miss the bewildering original (versions of it are out there in cyberspace, should you a. be curious, b. have time on your hands) Almost-instinct (talk) 19:34, 20 April 2008 (UTC)

About namegiving
I think it would be better to use the title "Chongqing" for "Chongqing city" and add a link to "Chongqing Municipality" on the page. Since most of the other articles refer to "Chongqing city" as "Chongqing". (Please pardon my poor expressions.) --Lorenzarius 15:34 Jan 20, 2003 (UTC)

 * New articles mentioning the Municipality will probably simply call it "Chongqing" too. If we follow your suggestion, these links will lead to the City, and that might be confusing. Before changing the name of the "Chongqing city", I would suggest that we create the "Chongqing Municipality" article, and see how many articles link to each of them. If there is a big majority linking to the city, then it might be a good idea to make the change you are suggesting. olivier 15:41 Jan 20, 2003 (UTC)

 * You mean these? =) --Lorenzarius 15:46 Jan 20, 2003 (UTC)

 * Special:Whatlinkshere&target=Chongqing
 * Special:Whatlinkshere&target=Chongqing Municipality
 * Special:Whatlinkshere&target=Chongqing City

 * Exactly. 12 for "Chongqing city" and 13 for "Chongqing Municipality". Maybe we should leave the article names like this for the moment and keep disambiguating at "Chongqing". olivier 15:49 Jan 20, 2003 (UTC)

 * Hmmmm then I guess the same thing should be done to the other three Municipalities right? ("municipality" is a hard word to spell =P) Lorenzarius 15:53 Jan 20, 2003 (UTC)

 * In the case of the other municipalities, is the territory covered different from the one covered by the city? olivier 17:02 Jan 20, 2003 (UTC)

Another possibility... What about merging the Municipality article and the City article into one? I think most people won't be able to distinguish between the two, but I may be wrong... Lorenzarius 16:06 Jan 20, 2003 (UTC)

 * That is an option. We could actually write 2 articles into one, in this case. But what would we do with the "Provinces" template? olivier 17:02 Jan 20, 2003 (UTC)

Move
See also: Talk:Shanghai Municipality

Chongqing City was moved here, per discussion at Shanghai Municipality. --Jiang 01:26, 16 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * Chongqing City is gone. It is no more. The only Chongqing now is the municipality. It is more logical to move the municipality here and leave Chongqing City alone. --Menchi 05:38, 16 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * If Chongqing City is no more, than no article should exist there. Why leave it alone? So Chongqing Municipality should be merged here? --Jiang

 * Why, not alone per se.. Chongqing City is right now just confusing, I'll revamp it later (add the specific districts and counties that it once governed -- most of which still exist, under the municipality, and the area and population stats of what it once was before the municipal merging). It could be something of a historical value I guess (200 years from now). But in accorance in current official PRC-speak, Chongqing is definitely = Chongqing Municipality. --Menchi 06:19, 16 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Although there's a problem with the history, for example, the fact that Chongqing was once the Kuomintang capital.. Should that be on Chongqing Municipality as well because Chongqing City, after all, lives on inside the municipality. Or should we just limit history in Chongqing Municipality to what has happened since the municipal merging of 1997? --Menchi 06:19, 16 Nov 2003 (UTC)

So is there no objection? (So quiet...) I'll move it then. Alrighty? --Menchi 08:15, 17 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Isnt "Chongqing City" the same as "Chongqing Municipality" in Chinese? Therefore, if we moved the small Chongqing to "Chongqing City" and the muni to here, then it would become confusing. People would see "city" and automatically assume that it means the municipality when it really means just part of it... --Jiang 08:23, 17 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * When there's no need to distinguish them, they are both simply shi. But when necessary, one can call the muni Chongqing Zhixiashi. And the city was a subprovincial city. A clear introductory paragraph should eliminate the confusion. --Menchi 08:29, 17 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * I guess that we could have Chongqing for the municipality and Chongqing City for the historical city, if there is enough material to make a separate article. Intro paragraphs should make the distinction very clear. olivier 08:38, 17 Nov 2003 (UTC)

How about having both in the same article? --Jiang 09:16, 17 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * I do not have any strong opinion for or against it. We can probably have both in the same article, and create a separate one later if needed (too large quantity of information about the historical Changqing City). olivier 09:40, 17 Nov 2003 (UTC)

The bottom line is, as far as most people in PRC see it, now Chongqing Municipality = Chongqing, hence the munici. article should be here. Westerners may not see it that way, but it is mostly due to the recent occurence of the event (97). I think Encarta already describes Chongqing as a municipality in its article.

And as for Chongqing City, I'm not that strong either way, but leaning toward separatism, just for the sake of historical value, like Commonwealth of the Philippines exists not because the preceeding culture and history differ from those of the Philippines, but the very name and administration differ. And in the case of CQ, the administrative level and territory differ greatly.

An example of conflict: should somebody add a mayors of Chongqing City, it seems inappropriate to add it right above a list of Chongqing (Municipality) mayors. It doesn't seem that apple-and-orange since the municipality and the city have the same name (and one assumes obvious continuity)-- but how about the other two (or three.. Wanxiang City, Qianjiang City, and..) cities and one prefectures that used to exist but now are part of Chongqing Municipality, like CQ City is now. If we were to list those two/three cities's mayors and the prefecture's chief/prefect... it just seems very wrong to stuck it before/beside the Chongqing Municipality mayors. Is Chongqing CIty's continuity into CQ Municiaplity the most authorative/powerful/legitimate successor in CQ Municipality? Logic dictates yes, but political correctness no, but political power maybe yes, maybe no. --Menchi

 * Separate articles could exist for Wanxiang City, Qianjiang City, etc. and that's where their lists of mayors would logically belong. --Jiang

 * That seem to be the only choice. But Wanxian (not Wanxiang, sorry) and Fuling (not Qianjiang, it is the prefecture, my mistake!) Cities and CQ City were on the same tier. The articles for Wanxian City, Fuling City, and CQ City would all have parallel format (finite list of mayors, former subdivisions, area, pre-incorporation population... and probably nothing much more). Shouldn't, by parallelism, the mayors of CQ City and things be at Chongqing City? --Menchi 23:13, 17 Nov 2003 (UTC)

That doesn't work, since CQ City=CQ Muni in Chinese. Many lists, such List of British monarchs and President of France have separate listings for different political entities. And explanation in the main article should be fine. --Jiang 01:52, 18 Nov 2003 (UTC)

I revamped here so Chongqing Municipality can be appropriately redirected here. I tried to emphasize/clarify as greatly as I can of the merging, dropping of prefecture level, and maintenaince of counties in the last paragraph of History and the table in Subdivisions. There, that's all four municipalities done. --Menchi (Talk)ü| â 15:42, 17 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Table
I don't know if this is something to do with my browser (Netscape 7) but the section labelled 'subdivisions' looks like just a stream of text, withno formatting. DJ Clayworth 14:35, 12 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * User:Mjklin converted Magnus-style table into the ugly traditional style for reasons beyond me, with the edit summary "redid some of the table of provinces" (btw, they are counties and districts, not provinces at all). He has destroyed the table in the process. I have asked him why. --Menchi 15:51, 12 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * I've reverted the changes, but the newbie named Mjklin should still explain himself. -- user:zanimum

He said something at User_talk:Menchi. --Menchi 03:13, 13 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Alright, so I messed up! Sorry! I just wanted a page that would print right on my browser, so thanks to zanimum for that. We newbies have got to learn somehow, you know. User:Mjklin

Most bombed city in history
The History section asserts that Chongqing "holds the distinction of being the most bombed city in history". In addition to being ambiguous at best (most frequently bombed? most heavily bombed?) and grammatically incorrect at worst, this assertion is not supported by a cited source. Would someone please volunteer to add the source in? --Pkchan 06:16, 5 February 2006 (UTC)

City tree
The infobox (Ficus) and text (Magnolia delavayi) give different trees. Can someone correct whichever is wrong, please! - MPF 16:20, 11 June 2006 (UTC)
 * someone added "Actually the city tree is 黄葛树，FICUS VLRENS VAR．SUBLANCEOLATA, widely planted in southwest China. It could survive under extreme living conditions (hot weather, dry land, even sprout from cracks of stone cliff), which is one of the reasons that got peole's hearts in Chongqing." which i removed because it is badly written. someone needs to provide a source for the official tree and correct the conflict though... Jessi1989 (talk) 23:50, 12 August 2008 (UTC)
 * ok, i'm gonna change it to the ficus lacor based on this chinese goverment website http://english.cq.gov.cn/ChongqingGuide/MountainCity/1914.htm Jessi1989 (talk) 23:52, 12 August 2008 (UTC)

Population
On the People's Republic of China's article the population of Chongqing "city urban area" is reported of 3.934 million people (8th place in PRC's ranking), though this article reports 12 million people living in "urban area of chongqing proper" (3rd place in ranking). Where is the truth? MFG, Jul 27 2006 00:47

The PRC page is using stats from 2001 estimations. This page claims 2005 data. Anyone know where to get this data to fix other pages? Or is there a way to have the data linked in the two pages to show the same number? Mike2525 01:45, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

Maybe 2006... we need a source. :-/ --169.244.139.8 (talk) 15:26, 3 March 2008 (UTC)

Links
The links are of questionable quality. The one just links to a whole bunch of other sites.

Can you be a bit more specific? Which links are questionable and which one links to a whole bunch of other sites? I'm not the China expert by any stretch, but I'm pretty good at working on Wikipedia articles. Just point me in the right direction. Greenw47 (talk) 14:42, 21 April 2008 (UTC)

Good Reference
I don't have the expertise to really help out, but The Economist has an in-depth article on this citie's growth that could probably be of great help to you guys: .--YbborTalk 17:03, 30 July 2007 (UTC)

Map
Article needs two maps: 1) a map showing the municipality close-up, with administrative divisions; and 2) a map showing the municipality in relation to the surrounding provinces, putting it in context. Badagnani 22:18, 9 October 2007 (UTC)

 * The map showing the location of Chongqing is confusing. There are 4 areas highlighted. I showed it to a co-worker who knows nothing about China, and he was not able to tell which of the 4 highlighted areas is supposed to be Chongqing. I think the map should be idiot proof. Greenw47 (talk) 14:40, 21 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I would agre with this: Also, the map at List of administrative divisions of Chongqing doesn't match the boundaries in the map at Yuzhong District; does anyone know why? Moonraker12 (talk) 13:26, 22 July 2009 (UTC)

Magnolia Street image and tourism section
I removed the Magnolia Street image because it seems like a random image of Chongqing and therefore does not represent any landmark from the city at all.

Furthermore, I am questioning some of the tourism places suggested in the article including a) Ladies' Town where the ladies are..., b) Biggest toilet in the world with uniquely shaped toilet bowls..., and c) skyscraper view - unless the contributor suggests a specific spot in the city where one can enjoy CQ's impressive skyline. Heilme (talk) 01:09, 3 February 2009 (UTC)

Concentration Camp - ??
While working in China as a visiting lecturer in 1983 I visited Chongqing. The site that left the deepest impression was a small concentration camp with watch towers and high walls with lots of barbed wire where, so I was told, during the war with Japan Chiang Kai-shek had interned and tortured high-ranking followers of Mao. On two later visits I did not get a chance to see this place and met only with blank faces, nor has anybody I know ever heard of it. It appears to have definitely lost its tourist-attraction status. Would anyone have any info about it? Marschner --Marschner (talk) 10:12, 12 March 2009 (UTC)

I been to this place, if its the same. I went there in 2008, and yes it was a big tourist attraction. As I remember, I think it was run somehow together with the Americans. My wife says the place we went is named 歌乐山. Stiginshanghai (talk) 13:11, 29 May 2009 (UTC)

There is a Chongqing Geleshan martyrs cemetery (重庆歌乐山烈士陵园) in a "China-US cooperation concentration camp site," located northwest of Geleshan Chongqing.Colin McLarty (talk) 17:29, 24 August 2010 (UTC)

Funiculars
I understand Chongqing has (or had) a number of funicular railways as part of its transport system. Does anyone know anything about them? Moonraker12 (talk) 13:41, 22 July 2009 (UTC)

May be you want this: The picture is in chinese version of chongqing http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%BA%86%E5%B8%82. Cnheying (talk) 20:12, 5 August 2009 (UTC) .

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Thanks for replying.

I didn’t know they had cable cars as well, but it was these I was enquiring about.

The pictures are in Commons, but not much else. i don't even know if they are still running; the picture dates from 2004, but the Funiculars website doesn't mention them.

Also the zh.WP: Chongqing page (in the google translation, I can’t read Chinese) mentions elevators (城市電梯); do you know anything about them? Moonraker12 (talk) 18:00, 24 August 2009 (UTC)
 * I have not been to Chongqing, but the funiculars pictured look quite similar to those I saw in 2009 in the passenger ports of smaller cities elsewhere on the Yangtze's Three Gorges Reservoir; see photos in commons:Category:Maoping Port, commons:Category:Badong Port. They take passengers and luggage from the actual dockside (usually, a floating dock) at the water level some 20-30 meters up to where the stationary river terminal building is (i.e., city street level). The ticket to ride the funicular was 1-2 yuan in those towns, and practically all departing or arriving boat passengers chose to use the funicular rather than to walk up/down the stairs. I surmise that the system is quite ubiquitous in the ports of the Three Gorges Reservoir, because the water level in the reservoir (which varies quite a lot based on the flood control / power production needs) is usually quite a ways below the cities' street level, and walking up and down to the dock would be quite a chore without them. Chongqing being a major river port, they probably lots more of these things than smaller river ports do! -- Vmenkov (talk) 03:12, 5 November 2010 (UTC)

Chungking
Is this city the WWII "Chungking" or central capital (Chung) King (capital) after the fall of Nanking or Southern (Nan) capital (King? Chunking has been the most heavely bombed city by the Japanese. The proof is in the Tim-Life book on CBI (China-Burma-India). Han Suyin has written a novel on Chungking (Destination Chungking) and her experiences of war.

http://www.guidelecture.com/critiquet.asp?titre=Destination%20Tchoungking in French

Takima (talk) 15:27, 21 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Please read the history section. "Chong" means double/repeat and "Qing" means celebration. "Central Capital" would be spelled "Zhongjing" in pinyin. Any reading into "Central Capital" is simply mistaken. HkCaGu (talk) 04:07, 22 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Furthermore, if it meant "central capital" the Pinyin would be zhong1 jing1. In Jyutping Cantonese, this becomes zung1 ging1, whereas "Chongqing" would be written cung4 hing3. WikiPro1981X (talk) 22:58, 26 September 2011 (UTC)

The Future
Originally, back at the establishment of the PRC, there was no separate Chongqing or even Tianjin Municipality, nor was there a separate Hainan Province. But the latter two were created first, and it was not until 1997 that Chongqing was carved out of Sichuan.

Over time, Central People's Government has had its reasons for such forging. It was Chairman Mao who envisioned a project to move vital national [insert word] to the west, notably Chongqing, which, along with the rest of Sichuan, was bombed in the War of Resistance, safely held the ROC government. During the Jiang Administration, Shanghai was beginning to be rapidly opened up and re-developed, and it is my (and a native of Leshan, Sichuan and Shanghai) belief that Chongqing was created in 1997 to avoid over-concentration of national finances. Indeed, Sichuan now has a major sub-provincial city, Chengdu, as its capital. No administrative trouble there.

Recently, while on Ren-Ren Wang (the Chinese FB), one of my friends posted an article "Chongqing —— Chicago on the Yangtze". The 1997 decision and the dense skyline make that moniker more realistic.

Any thoughts on to this moniker? --何献龙4993 (talk) 04:23, 27 August 2010 (UTC)

This moniker is one person's opinion, not universally accepted, and definitely US-centric. For an encyclopedia article, it is best taken out. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 190.102.9.108 (talk) 02:59, 12 November 2010 (UTC)
 * https://foreignpolicy.com/2010/08/06/chicago-on-the-yangtze/

http://www.maximizingprogress.org/2010/08/chicago-on-yangtze-chinas-chongqing.html https://chinadigitaltimes.net/2010/08/chicago-on-the-yangtze/ https://skyscraperpage.com/forum/showthread.php?t=184198 https://www.reddit.com/r/Foodforthought/comments/d1p4c/chicago_on_the_yangtze/Kdammers (talk) 19:22, 3 March 2022 (UTC)

Redirects
I fixed the redirects so that "Chungking", "Chongking", "Chung King", all point here, with the disambig at the top of the article listing all the possible variants i could find. I think ive made it as clear as it can be.Mercurywoodrose (talk) 02:51, 20 September 2010 (UTC)

Population again by the BBC
This morning I heard a BBC news item about Chongqing which again brought up the question of its population. John Humphrys who is in the city reports: "Chongqing is hideous. It's the biggest city in the world you've probably never heard of. How big? Hard to say because it's growing so fast. It'll reach 30 million pretty soon - if it hasn't already. And they're throwing up high rise buildings (VERY high) faster than you can count them. See here.

If it is true that the population is close to 30 million (whether higher or lower), then serious revisions should be made not only to the data on the People's Republic of China where it is stated that Shanghai is the largest city with almost 20 million but also to lists of largest cities, etc., etc. Is anyone in a position to look into this? - Ipigott (talk) 14:18, 4 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Humphrys is either not that knowledgeable or is deliberately being vague. The true urban area pop. of the metropolis is nowhere near that of Shanghai. The area of the entire municipality, however, has long exceeded 25 million. And for the other parts of his talk, yes the city is foggy. Yes the CBD skyline is growing rapidly (and I have friends who have claimed that its skyline is already denser than Pudong's). Yes, the GDP per capita is comparatively low. --HXL 何献龙 14:29, 4 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Thanks, HXL49, for your elucidation. I have been going through the Chongqing authorities' pages looking for more precise data on population but did not find too much on the city proper. The demographics page is rather cryptic. I did however see that a population census is currently underway. See here. As you read Chinese, perhaps you will be able to analyze the data better than most of us when it becomes available. - Ipigott (talk) 16:49, 4 November 2010 (UTC)

 * See the Shanghai talk page for further discussion on the population of Chongqing. - Ipigott (talk) 09:55, 6 July 2011 (UTC)

Ba Manzi Tomb in Chongqing

 * Ba Manzi Tomb in Chongqing - During China's Warring State Period (475-221BC), Ba Manzi was a general commanding the Ba Kingdom's army. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 114.76.70.242 (talk) 07:01, 4 December 2010 (UTC)

Separate article for the city
Shouldn't the city and the municipality have separate articles? Is the city even it's own political entity in any way (has it a major?) or is it all one big blob? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.53.210.130 (talk) 21:34, 25 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Good question. The Chinese Wikipedia has separate articles on article on Chongqing Municipality (officially 重庆市) and the Chongqing Metropolitan Area (重庆主城区). This is because the administrative boundaries of Chongqing extend far beyond the immediate urban area. The only other municipality in the PRC or ROC that even comes close in this regard is Beijing. Yes, the city is a major political entity, because it is a direct-controlled municipality, which grants it provincial-like status. We have already discussed something like this, albeit 8 years ago... See this discussion. -- HXL's Roundtable  and  Record  04:43, 16 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Yes, I think that this would be a very good idea. Zazaban (talk) 23:38, 22 September 2011 (UTC)

Wrong picture?
The picture with subtitle "Japanese bombing of Chongqing, 1941", is it really correct? I've seen it accompanying descriptions of the Nanjing massacre as is pretty sure that it shows a scene from that event. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.28.3.140 (talk) 06:36, 29 January 2012 (UTC)
 * The source National Archives and Records Administration states that it is here and now that I look at it... Some random IP changed the description in commons.... --Cold Season (talk) 06:53, 29 January 2012 (UTC)

URGENT: Needs some cleaning up!
My fellow Wikipedians, it is nothing but a shame to see this article so poorly written and prematurely summed up. Chongqing deserves so much better. I demand some cleaning up! The article is missing important information and lacks composition. There are too many red links and too few sources. On top of this, most photos are a disgrace to watch (I have recently changed the main photo though, as you can see it now looks so much better). Many parts of this article are too short, for example the part on Chongqing cuisine which now is just a few sentences long..... Is anyone up for the challenge? /(Jonipoon-talk) 20:19, 23 March 2012 (UTC)

Avoiding self-references
I was reviewing a WP:RFP request to protect this article due to IPs removing "references" and refusing to talk. Having investigated the actual dispute, I've decided to endorse a modified version the IP's edition, which is the one with the "reference" removed and the comparison with the island of Taiwan stripped. The sentence and its "reference" was wrong in three ways: Given these concerns I've decided to remove the entire footnote, the comparison with Taiwan, and cleaned up the syntax. Deryck C. 17:40, 29 March 2012 (UTC)
 * 1) Wikipedia is not a reliable source and avoid self-references. Citing another page on Wikipedia as a reference is inherently wrong.
 * 2) The comparison to Taiwan was a misrepresentation of the cited "reference". The linked article, List of People's Republic of China administrative divisions by area, rightly does not include Taiwan because Taiwan is not within PRC jurisdiction.
 * 3) That leads on to the third point: the wording of the comparison to Taiwan was misleading, in a way that may give some readers the wrong impression that the island of Taiwan is within PRC jurisdiction, by putting it in a parallel sentence structure with Hainan and Ningxia.
 * Point #1 can be easily addressed by an external reference, so once I find one tomorrow afternoon, this will not be an issue. If the external reference is PRC-published, then I will be killing two birds (Point #2 as well) with one stone. Regarding point #3, the only IP that gave a summary objected that the structure "implies Taiwan is part of China", which I think is overly political. Also, your concern might have overlooked the main point I raised on that IP's talk: Taiwan is referred to as "Taiwan", not a province as Hainan is. Because the PRC claims Taiwan as part of its Taiwan Province, the previous construction was essentially silent on that claim.
 * Another reason for including Taiwan is that most readers won't be familiar with the relative size of Chinese provinces, especially considering world maps (not atlases!) almost never show subnational divisions other than the US states and Canadian provinces. But they will likely be more familiar with Taiwan. Also, using Taiwan is better than using a country because the context is Greater China. GotR Talk 18:14, 29 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Sounds good to me. I think comparisons of area are more appropriate for the Geography section than the lead. It also fits with the convention that the lead is usually unreferenced because it merely repeats things that are already said in the remaining sections. I would actually recommend removing the rest of the sentence with "it is the largest direct-controlled municipality" from the lead and moving all the details to the Geography section. Deryck C. 12:49, 30 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Sure, and this idea is even better considering the Geography section, apart from its Climate subsection, is rather lacking. In fact, it was I who placed the "expand section" tag there. GotR Talk 02:55, 31 March 2012 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Chongqing
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Chongqing's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "nyt2": From Wang Lijun incident:  From Bo Xilai:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 08:40, 4 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Any of the two that's relevant to the statement in question would be good enough. I deleted "nyt2" citation before seeing your comment, feel free to revert it and add it whatever that's relevant.--LLTimes (talk) 15:33, 4 July 2012 (UTC)

Which montage for lead picture?
There are now four montages available for use in the infobox.

Coincidentally, both User:MathiasFoxxx and myself had the idea of replacing the lead image at exactly the same time. It would be helpful to get some additional opinions about which should be used. Personally I would support #3, because in making it I tried to ensure that it showed different types of buildings, is relatively high resolution, and has a wide aspect ratio so that it doesn't take up the whole infobox. #1 is good too, though. Not so keen on #2 & #4 -- low resolution and don't show a variety of buildings. Celuici (talk) 08:57, 10 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Both number 1 and 3 now contains an image which was recently deleted from Commons, so they can no longer be used. I've instead updated montage number 1 with a new image inserted. This is the one we will be using as a lead image from now on. /Jonipoon 13:35 17 July 2013 (UTC)

Tsar ?
"The decision was reportedly made at a meeting of the Politburo Standing Committee on 7 March, during which security tsar Zhou Yongkang cast a lone dissenting vote"

Americans have this comical B/S affectation of a "drug czar" or "drug tsar",   I am pretty sure that Chinese don't ! And despite being invented in the USA 25 years ago, it hasn't really caught on as a job description, even there ! Eregli bob (talk) 08:27, 2 November 2012 (UTC)

Population change
The demographics table calculates population % increase / decrease (automatically?) but as the years have different gaps between them the % changes are not very useful. E.g. change from 1 to 6 million is shown as a 500% increase, but this was over a 30 year period. A better measure would be to show an annualised increase which I calculate to be:

Year    Pop. ±% Annualised 1949   1,003,000	 1979    6,301,000    	6.3% 1983    13,890,000    21.8% 1996    15,297,000    0.7% 1997    30,220,000    97.6% 2000    30,512,763    0.3% 2004    30,550,000    0.0% 2010    28,846,170    -1.0%

As a newbie I do not want to edit the page directly, could someone have a look please?

155.136.80.172 (talk) 14:29, 29 November 2012 (UTC)

Global City Index ranking
According to the Wikipedia article on Global City Index, Chongqing is 84th, with a drop of 18 places, based on 3.8 points.Kdammers (talk) 16:23, 24 June 2015 (UTC)

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No mention of the Huangjuewan flyover
Provocative image in - A proper aerial shot would be helpful, and some indication of how it relates to the various expressways the article does mention. - Rod57 (talk) 08:36, 10 July 2017 (UTC)

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Removed claim of Chongqing being "anti-fascist command center"
I have removed this text from the page:

During this period, Chongqing was one of the world's anti-fascist command center just like Moscow, London and Washington, D.C.

This was added in https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chongqing&diff=948463053&oldid=947694620 and later referenced in https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chongqing&diff=948464031&oldid=948463053.

I am not satisfied with this citation as it currently stands. I will be happy to see my change reverted if a relevant, verifiable passage from the cited text is provided.

A3f148b10d57987f (talk) 13:00, 10 May 2020 (UTC)

many papers can prove ：https://m.zh.meet99.com/jingdian-zhongguosanxiabowuguan-32510.html BladeRunner2077 (talk) 02:16, 17 May 2020 (UTC)

Sports and recreation: Association Football
The last paragraph, starting with "Chongqing is also the birthplace of soccer games in southwestern China" is completely unsourced and claims such as "Guangyi High School" beat the " Sheffield Wednesday team in friendlies" are incredibly dubious at worst or need quite a lot of clarification at best. Without sources I think that this is either WP:ADVOCACY or WP:ORIGINAL and will delete it to just leave purely sourced and factual information.

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 06:08, 3 August 2021 (UTC)
 * Chongqing montage 2019.png

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
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Wiki Education assignment: Research Process and Methodology - FA22 - Sect 201 - Thu
— Assignment last updated by SheilaSh11 (talk) 16:22, 4 December 2022 (UTC)

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Alternate names
@Uriel1022, from where does "Ch'ong-ch'in" come from or derive? I don't see it attested anywhere in the article. And I fear three romanizations of the same name becomes too many for such a prominent place in the article. Remsense 诉  14:46, 9 April 2024 (UTC)

 * @Remsense, they are romanizations from Western Mandarin, or the Spoken Language of Western China (see 重 ch'ong & 慶 ch'in). It's a Sichuanese dictionary, quite old (published in 1900). But if you know one thing or two about Sichuan, then you understand there is no regulation of the local language, which basically makes Western Mandarin the only standard resource to draw on. On a second thought I feel it's not appropriate to display "Ch'ong-ch'in" on the infobox, but I suggest leaving it under "Notes" to serve as an indication of a more proper pronunciation of the name according to the local language. Uriel1022 (talk) 16:30, 9 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Of course! I am not sure the best way to handle this generally, as you said there is an enormous amount of fluidity both phonetically and orthographically: we don't want to exclude known forms, but I would worry about myself accidentally holding up one as an academic exercise despite it not being in use on the ground (of course I know not at all whether that would be the case here, you would far better than I) Remsense  诉  16:33, 9 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chongqing


text:
Aftermath of the September 11 attacks

The September 11 attacks transformed the first term of President George W. Bush and led to what he referred to as the war on terror. The accuracy of describing it as a "war" and its political motivations and consequences are the topic of strenuous debate. The U.S. government increased military operations, economic measures, and political pressure on groups that it accused of being terrorists, as well as increasing pressure on the governments and countries which were accused of sheltering them. October 2001 saw the first military action initiated by the US. Under this policy, NATO invaded Afghanistan to remove the Taliban regime (which harbored al-Qaeda) and capture al-Qaeda forces.

Critics point out that the Afghan conflict has contributed to the destabilization of neighbouring Pakistan and Afghanistan has undergone a long war, culminating in the return of the Taliban in 2021. The US government has also asserted that the US invasion of Iraq is connected to 9/11.

Rescue and recovery
Because of the events that took place on September 11, 2001, American society as a whole suffered dramatically. Recovery took years, and the economy declined drastically after the attacks. Various first responders united that day to help as much as possible. Whether they were paramedics, police officers, firefighters, doctors, nurses, or ordinary civilians, the main objective was to cooperate and help the wounded. More than 1,500 first responders, ironworkers, engineers, heavy equipment operators, and other workers worked at Ground Zero to attempt to find survivors and clean up the wreckage. Cranes and bulldozers were brought in along with search and rescue dogs in order to locate survivors and bodies of the deceased, however, operations were hindered by the presence of approximately two feet of soot at the site, which obscured objects and bodies. In the immediate aftermath of the attacks, only 20 survivors were pulled alive from the rubble, although there were several human remains and belongings that were removed from the site. The day after the attack, then-mayor Rudy Giuliani told reporters that they were receiving mobile phone calls from people trapped in the debris. The task of removing debris and rubble continued well into 2002, with some 108,000 truckloads of 1.8 million tons of rubble removed by May 2002.

Hazards
Outside of the general hazards due to fires, falling debris, heavy machinery, broken metal, and hazardous air conditions, there were also hidden concerns within the clean-up zone. The parking garage under the World Trade Center at the time of the attacks held nearly 2,000 automobiles; each held an estimated 5 gallons of gasoline, which could ignite and explode. Other concerns were around buried fuel tanks that were located on the site, and the 1.2 million rounds of ammunition that were housed at Building 6 for the use of the U.S. Customs Service.

US public reaction
Following the September 11, 2001 attacks, George W. Bush's job approval rating soared to 86%. On September 20, 2001, the president spoke before the nation and a joint-session of Congress, regarding the events of that day, the intervening nine days of rescue and recovery efforts, and his intent in response to those events in going after the terrorists who orchestrated the attacks. In the speech, he characterized the speech itself as being akin to the President's customary State of the Union address.

The attacks also had immediate and overwhelming effects upon the United States population. People began rallying around the popularized phrase, "United We Stand," in hopes of being resilient and keeping the American spirit alive in the face of a devastating attack. The majority of the US population rallied behind President Bush and the federal government in widespread support to the recovery and the expectant reaction to the attacks. The highly visible role played by Rudy Giuliani, the Mayor of New York City, won him high praise nationally and in New York City. He was named Person of the Year by Time magazine for 2001, and at times had a higher profile in the US than President Bush.

Two major public reactions to the attacks were a surge of public expressions of patriotism not seen since World War II, marked most often by displays of the American flag; and an unprecedented level of respect, sympathy, and admiration for New York City and New Yorkers as a group by Americans in other parts of the United States. Some criticized this particular reaction, noting that not everyone who died was from New York City (for example, some of the passengers on the planes) and that the Arlington County, Virginia community also suffered in the attacks. Many people joined together to help the victims. Gratitude toward uniformed public-safety workers, and especially toward firefighters, was widely expressed in light of both the drama of the risks taken on the scene and the high death toll among the workers. Many people paid tribute to the police officers and firefighters who died during the attacks by wearing NYPD and FDNY hats. The number of casualties among the emergency service personnel was unprecedented.

Blood donations saw a surge in the weeks after 9/11. According to a report by the Journal of the American Medical Association, "...the number of blood donations in the weeks after September 11, 2001, attacks was markedly greater than in the corresponding weeks of 2000 (2.5 times greater in the first week after the attacks; 1.3–1.4 times greater in the second to fourth weeks after the attack)." At the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show that took place in New York in February 2002, a tribute was paid to the search and rescue dogs who not only assisted in locating survivors and bodies from the rubble but were also inside the World Trade Center buildings before they collapsed.

Backlash and hate crimes
In weeks following the attacks, there was a surge in incidents of harassment and hate crimes against South Asians, Middle Easterners, and anyone thought to be "Middle Eastern-looking" people—particularly Sikhs, because Sikh males usually wear turbans, which are stereotypically and erroneously associated with Muslims by many Americans. Balbir Singh Sodhi, a Sikh man, was one of the first victims of this backlash; he was shot dead on September 15 at the gas station he owned in Mesa, Arizona. Mark Anthony Stroman, a white supremacist, killed two men and injured a third in a shooting spree beginning September 15 in Dallas, Texas. His victims, including Bangladeshi American Rais Bhuiyan, were all targeted because they looked "of Muslim descent". His motive for the killings was revenge for the 9/11 attacks. On July 20, 2011, Stroman was executed for the crime.

In many cities there were reports of vandalism against mosques and other Islamic institutions, including some cases of arson. In the year after the attack, anti-Muslim hate crimes jumped 1,600 percent and this is further aggravated by a climate of prejudice that manifests in different ways.

The only death officially recorded as a homicide in New York City on September 11 was Henryk Siwiak, a Polish immigrant who was shot in Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn. While he had taken a wrong turn on his way to a new job onto a street known for high rates of robbery and drug dealing, his family has theorized he may have been the victim of a hate crime in the wake of the attacks, since he was wearing camouflage clothing, had dark hair and spoke imperfect, heavily accented English—all of which may have led someone to believe he had something to do with the attackers. The case remains unsolved; police are open to the family's theory but have not classified the killing as a bias crime.

In 2008, author Moustafa Bayoumi released the book How Does It Feel to Be a Problem?: Being Young and Arab in America. The author says mass arrests and deportations of Arabs and Arab Americans were conducted by the various government organizations, including the FBI, often with insufficient evidence to connect them to terrorism; that some were incarcerated indefinitely without notifying the detainee's relatives as if they had just disappeared. Bayoumi maintains deportation of Arabs and Arab-Americans significantly increased following 9/11, often at short notice, saying in one case a man was deported without his clothes.

Effects on children
The attacks were regarded by some as particularly disturbing to children, in part because of the frequency with which the images were replayed on television. Many schools closed early, especially those with children whose parents worked in Washington, D.C., and New York City. In Sarasota, Florida, Emma E. Booker Elementary School became a part of history, as President George W. Bush was reading to a classroom of children there when the attacks happened.

Psychological studies focused on children exposed to the attacks in Lower Manhattan and New York City found higher rates of clinically significant behavior problems among preschool children, as well as elevated rates of PTSD and depression in the years after the attacks. For children who lost a parent in the attack, psychologists noticed that while some coped well initially, they would at times succumb to bouts of depression and self-harm later in life, or become reluctant to discuss their family history.

Health effects
The thousands of tons of toxic debris resulting from the collapse of the Twin Towers contained more than 2,500 contaminants, including known carcinogens. Subsequent debilitating illnesses among rescue and recovery workers are said to be linked to exposure to these carcinogens. The Bush administration ordered the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to issue reassuring statements regarding air quality in the aftermath of the attacks, citing national security; however, the EPA did not determine that air quality had returned to pre-September 11 levels until June 2002.

Health effects also extended to residents, students, and office workers of Lower Manhattan and nearby Chinatown. Several deaths have been linked to the toxic dust, and the victims' names were included in the World Trade Center memorial. As of January 1, 2002 the New York Police Department had received 37 disability claims, and the Fire Department reported 269 disability claims related to injuries suffered as a result of the attacks. Approximately 18,000 people have been estimated to have developed illnesses as a result of the toxic dust. By 2004, nearly half of more than 1,000 screened rescue-and-recovery workers and volunteers reported new and persistent respiratory problems, and more than half reported persistent psychological symptoms. Because of the long latency period between exposure and development of asbestos-related diseases, exposed Manhattan residents, especially rescue-and-recovery workers, can suffer future adverse health effects. One such death related to health effects was the January 6, 2006 death of NYPD James Zadroga which was ruled by a New Jersey coroner as directly due to clean-up at the WTC site. This ruling was unequivocally rejected in October 2007 by the New York City Chief Medical Examiner, Dr. Charles Hirsch, and Medical Examiner Michele Slone. On June 29, 2019, former New York Police Department detective Luis G. Alvarez died from colorectal cancer, with which he was diagnosed in 2016 and is believed to be caused from his three months spent at Ground Zero after 9/11.

There is also scientific speculation that exposure to various toxic products in the air may have negative effects on fetal development. A notable children's environmental health center is currently analyzing the children whose mothers were pregnant during the WTC collapse and were living or working nearby. A study of rescue workers released in April 2010 found that all those studied had impaired lung functions, and that 30–40% were reporting little or no improvement in persistent symptoms that started within the first year of the attack.

Legal
Years after the attacks, legal disputes over the costs of illnesses related to the attacks were still in the court system. On October 17, 2006, a federal judge rejected New York City's refusal to pay for health costs for rescue workers, allowing for the possibility of numerous suits against the city. Government officials have been faulted for urging the public to return to lower Manhattan in the weeks shortly after the attacks. Christine Todd Whitman, administrator of the EPA in the aftermath of the attacks, was heavily criticized by a U.S. District Judge for incorrectly saying that the area was environmentally safe. Mayor Giuliani was criticized for urging financial industry personnel to return quickly to the greater Wall Street area.

Economic
After the terrorist attack, various repercussions took place that affected the U.S as a whole. All the money and claims that were being put out to help aid the victims of the attack, as well as different security and laws to protect the U.S, caused several layoffs and un-employments. Specifically, It was said that 462 extended masses were layoffs because of the attacks that displaced approximately 130,000 employees. The unemployment rate inclined to a total of 5.0%.

The attacks caused an estimated overall economic loss to the city of $82.8-94.8 billion, with the lower number being consistent with the NYC Partnership's November 2001 estimate and the high end being consistent with the New York City Comptroller's October 2001 estimate. It was calculated that the lost human productive value, life insurance payouts were $2.63 billion, federal payments after offsets were estimated at $2.34 billion and charitable payments were $0.79 billion.

Lost artwork
It was projected by one individual that the public art that was damaged or destroyed during the attacks was valued at $10 million. Art by Louise Nevelson, Alexander Calder, and James Rosati were all destroyed along with a memorial sculpture by Elyn Zimmerman in memorial for the victims of the 1993 World Trade Center Bombing.

Insurance claims
As of August 2002, there were approximately 1,464 claims against the city of New York City that amounted to approximately $8.2 billion. Although the New York City's Law Department indicated at the time that the City's liability for the claims would only be around $350 million, provided through an act of Congress. The claims ranged from City employee's personal injuries that totaled around $5.2 billion, suffering due to the loss of life that totaled around $3 billion, and for the destruction of property such as the one filed by AEGIS Insurance Company for $250 million.

Grants and funds
Following the road to recovery, the federal government and state begin issuing grants and various funds to compensate and help those who suffered. The 9/11 Heroes Stamp Program was administered by the Department of Homeland Security which gave funds to those who became disabled from direct contact in the attack or suffered a loss from the attack. The Post- 9/11 GI Bill became a result after 9/11, paying homage to the U.S military soldiers, which provided educational and financial assistance to those soldiers who were returning to civilian life. Federal grant aid assisted states, communities, and local organizations in their efforts to stay safe and remain readily prepared. For that to happen the program law enforcement training and technical assistance grant was created hoping to stop or better compose for a terrorist attack.

The September 11th Victim Compensation fund (VCF) was established to provide financial assistance to those that experienced the disaster directly or those who lost family members from the attack. The fund has provided reimbursements for medical treatments for various conditions affecting victims, including PTSD and health effects from being exposed to toxic air.

Trade relations
The attacks affected trade relations with foreign countries, complicating the supply of oil demands. After the attack, oil prices skyrocketed.

New infrastructure
Rebuilding of the area began shortly after clean up, and construction began on the Freedom Tower and the National September 11 Memorial and Museum.

Park51
Park51 (originally named Cordoba House) is a planned 13-story Muslim community center to be located two blocks from the World Trade Center site in Lower Manhattan. The majority of the center will be open to the general public and its proponents have said the center will promote interfaith dialogue. It will contain a Muslim prayer space that has controversially been referred to as the "Ground Zero mosque", though numerous commentators noted that it was neither a mosque nor at Ground Zero.

It would replace an existing 1850s Italianate-style building that was being used as a Burlington Coat Factory before it was damaged in the September 11 attacks. The proposed multi-faith aspects of the design include a 500-seat auditorium, theater, a performing arts center, a fitness center, a swimming pool, a basketball court, a childcare area, a bookstore, a culinary school, an art studio, a food court, and a memorial to the victims of the September 11 attacks. The prayer space for the Muslim community will accommodate 1,000–2,000 people.

Security and military actions
The evolution of security and protective services changed tremendously due to the attacks. Immediate changes included air travel policies, airport security and screening, and guidelines that must be obeyed before getting on board. Congress immediately responded after the terrorist attack by passing the Aviation and Transportation Security Act, which applied to different types of transportation, not just air travel.

Additional screening was another main focus that took place during the period after the attacks, and many passengers were prescreened and advanced screened at different security checkpoints. This led to the major issue of racial profiling and invasion of privacy, as many Middle Eastern-looking people were singled out for further screening. Luggage screening was another main objective, as new technology was introduced to scan passengers' luggage thoroughly and search for weapons or bombs. In addition, some pilots were required by the Department of Homeland Security to carry a firearm on board. Better known as a Federal flight deck officer, these pilots undergo training to prevent terrorist attacks or other potential dangers on an airplane.

Another act was passed known as the USA Patriot Act, which broadened the powers of law enforcement to identify terrorist activity. For example, law enforcement was allowed able to break one's premises without a search warrant and their consent, if they were suspected of terrorist activity. This also included roving wiretaps as a method of surveillance. For instance, the government was allowed to search through one's record searches and intelligence searches. Specifically, if one searched terrorism activities or showed unusual behavior and then deleted their history, the government was able to see that. The purpose of this act was to catch acts of terrorism before any attacks were planned and executed. A program called Total Information Awareness was developed to enhance the technology that would collect and analyze information about every individual in the United States, and trace unusual behaviors that could help prevent terrorist activities. Information that was gathered through the program included internet activity, credit card purchase histories, airline ticket purchases, and medical records.

Thwarted attacks

 * It was rumored that al-Qaeda planned to target the US Bank Tower (aka Library Tower) in Los Angeles and other buildings elsewhere in the US in an alleged second wave of aircraft hijackings to be carried out in the spring or summer of 2002. However, terrorism researchers and counter-terrorism experts have disputed this, expressing doubts about the legitimacy of the supposed plot.
 * 2001 shoe bomb plot in which London-born Richard Reid carried shoes that were packed with two types of explosives onboard a transatlantic American Airlines flight from Paris to Miami.
 * 2003 plot by former FBI agent Iyman Faris to blow up the Brooklyn Bridge in New York City
 * 2004 Financial buildings plot which targeted the International Monetary Fund and World Bank buildings in Washington, DC, the New York Stock Exchange and other financial institutions was stopped in the early stages. The conspirators were said to have "had no funding, vehicles or bomb-making equipment."
 * 2004 Columbus Shopping Mall Bombing Plot
 * 2006 transatlantic aircraft plot which was to involve liquid explosives
 * 2006 Sears Tower plot
 * 2007 Fort Dix attack plot
 * 2007 John F. Kennedy International Airport attack plot
 * 2009 Northwest Airlines Flight 253 in which a passenger tried to set off plastic explosives sewn to his underwear
 * 2010 Times Square car bombing attempt
 * 2011 Spokane bombing attempt
 * 2015 Curtis Culwell Center attack

Successful attacks with at least 10 fatalities

 * 2009 Fort Hood shooting - 14 people were killed and 33 others were injured, including the perpetrator.
 * 2015 San Bernardino attack - 16 people were killed, including both perpetrators, and 24 others were injured.
 * 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting - 50 people were killed, including the perpetrator, and 58 others were injured.

Bombings in Kabul, Afghanistan occurred after the attacks and were reposted live by CNN correspondent Nic Robertson less than 24 hours after the attacks in America.

International
The attacks had major worldwide political effects. Many other countries introduced tough anti-terrorism legislation and took action to cut off terrorist finances, including the freezing of bank accounts suspected of being used to fund terrorism. Law enforcement and intelligence agencies stepped up cooperation to arrest terrorist suspects and break up suspected terrorist cells around the world.

Reaction to the attacks in the Muslim world was mixed. Also, shortly after the attack, the media picked up on several celebrations of the attacks in the Middle East with images of these celebrations being broadcast on television and published in print. Less publicized were public displays of sympathy, including candlelight vigils in countries like Iran.

In the immediate aftermath, support for the United States' right to defend itself was expressed across the world, and by United Nations Security Council Resolution 1368. The Australian Prime Minister, John Howard, was in Washington D.C. at the time of the attacks and invoked the ANZUS military alliance as a pledge of Australian assistance to the U.S.

Aid
In the immediate aftermath of the attacks many United States-based airports would not accept airplane flights to land, causing Operation Yellow Ribbon in which all incoming international flights were rerouted by the FAA to airports in Canada. Many Canadians opened up their homes to stranded travelers and organizations such as the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals gave comfort to animals and other special groups that were stranded by the diversions.

In France, calls to the United States Embassy were placed by locals who offered rooms within their homes to stranded passengers and observed the official day of mourning with three minutes of silence and stillness.

Memorials and vigils
The attack prompted numerous memorials and services all over the world with many countries, along with the United States, declaring a national day of mourning. In Berlin, 200,000 Germans marched to show their solidarity with America. The French newspaper of record, Le Monde, ran a front-page headline reading "Nous sommes Tous Américains", or "We are all Americans". In London, the US national anthem was played at the Changing of the Guard at Buckingham Palace. In the UK, national anthems are typically only played for official state visits. To mark the Queen's Golden Jubilee, New York City lit the Empire State Building in purple and gold, to say "thank you" for this action.

Hate crimes
Hate crimes against Muslims increased around the world. For example, Canada experienced a 16-fold increase in anti-Muslim attacks immediately a year after 9/11. In the year leading to the attack, there were only 11 reported crimes but a year following 9/11, there were 173 hate crime cases reported. The same also happened in the United Kingdom and Australia. In the latter's case, a study conducted in Sydney and Melbourne revealed an overwhelming majority of Muslim residents who experienced racism or racist violence since the attack. Another study claimed that hate crimes "increased for all Muslims after 9/11, although the relative risk was much higher for those individuals living in countries with smaller Muslim populations."

An increase in racial tensions was seen in countries such as England, with a number of violent crimes linked to the September 11th attacks. The most severe example was seen in Peterborough, where teenager Ross Parker was murdered by a gang of up to ten Muslims of Pakistani background who had sought a white male to attack.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Aftermath of the September 11 attacks


text:
Steal This Album!

Steal This Album! is the third studio album by the American heavy metal band System of a Down, released on November 26, 2002, by American Recordings and Columbia Records. Produced by Rick Rubin and Daron Malakian, it peaked at number 15 on the US Billboard 200.

Background
In early 2002, medium-quality MP3s of the album were released on the internet under the name Toxicity II. The band issued a statement expressing disappointment that fans were hearing material that was unfinished, and they worked to release a completed, better quality version of the album, which became Steal This Album!.

Though often reported in the media as being a collection of B-sides and outtakes, the band insisted that the Steal This Album! material is of the same quality as the tracks which made it onto Toxicity. Vocalist Serj Tankian has said that the songs were left out of Toxicity "because they did not fit the overall continuity of the album". In May 2009, drummer John Dolmayan revealed that the album is his favorite System of a Down release. Similarly, Tankian also called the album his favorite System of a Down album in a 2012 AMA on reddit.

A first version of "Streamline" was used in The Scorpion King soundtrack, which was released in early 2002, and as a B-side on the CD2 edition of "Aerials".

Multi-instrumentalist Arto Tunçboyacıyan sings on the song "Bubbles", making his third appearance with System of a Down (having appeared on two songs on Toxicity).

Commenting on the track "I-E-A-I-A-I-O", drummer John Dolmayan said it was inspired by an encounter he had with actor David Hasselhoff in a liquor store in Los Angeles when he was around 12:

"He was getting a drink, not an alcoholic beverage, a soda or something. He was walking out and I couldn't believe it! Here was Knight Rider in front of me! And I said, 'Knight Rider!' I must have been 12. He looked at me and he goes, 'Hey kid,' and he kind of pointed the finger [at me] cowboy style. I told Serj the story, so the lyrics, 'Meeting John at Dale's Jr. / Winked an eye and point a finger.' 'Dale's Jr.' was the liquor store. There's a little insight."

Critical reception
The album received generally favorable reviews from music critics scoring 77 out of 100 on aggregate website Metacritic. Giving the album 4 stars out of 5 in his review for AllMusic Chris True noted "If System proved anything with 2001's Toxicity, it's that they're one of the few breaths of fresh air out there in mainstream metal land. This collection is no different, and with its amazing pacing, it's hard to not be moved by what this band can do". "Steal This Album stands head-and-tattooed shoulders above its competition in the hard-rock genre" said Entertainment Weekly in a mutually glowing review, awarding the album a B+ rating.

Rolling Stone called Steal This Album "An absurdist blast of political rage, silly theater and shattered math metal." Jeremy Gladstone of Kludge gave the album a score of 7 out of 10 in his review and both praised and criticized the album writing "Love them or hate them, System is here to stay. The writing is consistent and the music is as tight as we have been accustomed to, perhaps a degree more so at times on the album. Steal This Album is guaranteed to satisfy every System of a Down fan listening. However, from song eight to twelve on the album, the material is a little too similar to really stand out compared to the more intense tracks. Unreleased material can sometimes be good, and sometimes it still doesn't work out".

Victoria Segal, writing for NME, gave Steal This Album! 3.5 stars out of 5 in a less flattering review, stating "System Of A Down's concerns may be no laughing matter, but unfortunately, their music often is. Guitarist Daron Malakian describes this record as 'a bridge between Toxicity and our next record,' which only indicates troubled waters ahead". She did however end her review with "Yes, System Of A Down are insane, ridiculous, a brain-pan pizza with extra mushrooms. But how can something this righteous ever be wrong?"

Alternative artworks
There are four limited-edition alternate CD designs, each designed and drawn by a member of the band. Tankian's is blue with a poem in white spiraling into its center, Odadjian's is red with psychedelic flames, Dolmayan's is black with a gray skull incorporating the album's title into its teeth, and Malakian's is white with the legs of a man (in jeans) and woman (in red stockings). The vinyl edition of the album was released as a double picture disc with each side featuring one of these designs.

In Europe and the UK, the standard version includes a one-sided front insert, the reason for this being that most CDs in the UK are not sold sealed so it might appear that the cover had been stolen had it been shipped without it. It is all white with the album title in black, similar to the original CD cover. The insert contains minimal information and contains a link to the official website for more track information.

Track listing
All lyrics written by Serj Tankian, except where noted. All music written by Daron Malakian, except where noted.

Personnel
System of a Down
 * Serj Tankian – vocals, keyboards
 * Daron Malakian – guitars, vocals
 * Shavo Odadjian – bass
 * John Dolmayan – drums

Additional musicians
 * Arto Tunçboyaciyan – vocals and percussions on "Bubbles"
 * Greg Collins – theremin on "Ego Brain"

Production
 * Produced by Rick Rubin and Daron Malakian
 * Recorded by David Schiffman, Thom Russo
 * Mixed by Andy Wallace
 * "Roulette" mixed by Rick Rubin, Thom Russo and David Schiffman
 * Mastered by Vlado Meller

title: Steal This Album!


text:
System of a Down (album)

System of a Down is the debut studio album by the American heavy metal band System of a Down, released on June 30, 1998, by American Recordings and Columbia Records. The album was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America in February 2000. After the success of the band's following album, Toxicity (2001), System of a Down was certified platinum and has since gone double platinum.

Composition
The album is generally considered nu metal and alternative metal, both of which would become staples for the band. Lyrical themes throughout the album vary, with many songs following a theme of being anti-war, but also has topics of genocide, religion, and brainwashing. "Suite-Pee" is a criticism of pedophilia within the Church and religious extremism. "Soil" is, according to guitarist Daron Malakian at a Lowlands show, "about death, and friends that die, and life that dies". "Mind" talks about government mind control, specifically mentioning CIA brainwashing in the album's liner notes. "P.L.U.C.K." is a song dedicated to the victims of the Armenian genocide, and is meant to be a criticism and denouncing of the Turkish Government.

Artwork
The cover artwork is from a 1928 anti-fascist poster designed by visual artist John Heartfield for the Communist Party of Germany. The text on the original poster is: "A hand has 5 fingers! With these 5 grab the enemy!" This slogan inspired part of the text contained on the back of the album: "The hand has five fingers, capable and powerful, with the ability to destroy as well as create". Later, it is written in bold letters: "Open your eyes, open your mouths, close your hands and make a fist" (used later by Serj Tankian in the song "Uneducated Democracy").

Reception
System of a Down received acclaim from music critics. Q called it "an excellent starting point for this most curious band".

The album is featured in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. Loudwire included the album in its list of The Best Metal Debut Albums, at number 22.

Original release
All lyrics written by Serj Tankian, except where noted. All music written by Daron Malakian, except where noted.

Limited edition bonus CD

 * An early version of "X" from Toxicity was originally recorded for this album. The songs "Honey" and "Temper" from Demo Tape 2 were also recorded for this album but ultimately did not make the cut. The re-recorded versions of these songs have yet to surface anywhere.

Personnel
System of a Down
 * Serj Tankian – vocals, keyboards, samples
 * Daron Malakian – guitars, backing vocals
 * Shavo Odadjian – bass
 * John Dolmayan – drums

Production
 * Produced by Rick Rubin with System of a Down
 * Mixed by D. Sardy
 * Engineered by Sylvia Massy
 * Engineer/assistant engineer: Greg Fidelman
 * Additional recording/finishing Touches: D. Sardy
 * Assistant engineers: Sam Storey, Nick Raskulinecz
 * Assistant mixdown engineers: James Saez, Greg Gordon, Andy Haller
 * Second assistant mixdown engineer: Bryan Davis
 * Extra piano by Rick Rubin
 * Photography: Anthony Artiaga
 * Cover art: John Heartfield
 * Art direction: Frank Harkins & System of a Down
 * A&R direction: Dino Paredes, Sam Wick
 * Recorded at Sound City, Van Nuys, California
 * Vocals and additional recordings at Akademie Mathematique of Philosophical Sound Research, Hollywood, California
 * Mixed at Record Plant Studios, Hollywood, California & Hollywood Sound, California
 * Mastered by Vlado Meller at Sony Studios, New York City

title: System of a Down (album)