text:
Talk:Gulf War (disambiguation)

Comments
''The content between the makeshift horizontal rules, to which i have added the unsigned and undated templates, was moved here 19:02, 31 March 2003 by MartinHarper. --Jerzy•t 06:52 & 07:17, 13 June 2014 (UTC)''

from talk:War in Iraq — Preceding unsigned comment added by MartinHarper (talk • contribs) 19:02, 31 March 2003

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I question whether this should be a redirect as there have been several wars in what is now Iraq in the past and there may well be another war in Iraq after the present war is over. --Daniel C. Boyer — Preceding undated comment added 14:54 Mar 31, 2003 (UTC)
 * Right! I created this redirect in response to Ed changing the "Invasion of Iraq" on the Main Page into "War in Iraq". The Main Page should link to the current war, which started with the US/British invasion of Iraq (if one likes that term or not). Best solution from my POV would be to make War in Iraq a list of all Iraq wars (the first gulf war between Iraq and Iran, the second gulf war with US and others reaction to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, and the current war). In other words: the redirect is a reaction on what I see as namespace wars, some people who activly want to ignore the fact that the current war is a "preventive war", started with an invasion with no UN backing etc. till we *) 15:18 Mar 31, 2003 (UTC)
 * I redirected to Gulf War (disambiguation). Does that solve the problem? — Preceding unsigned comment added by MartinHarper (talk • contribs) 18:52, :54, & :58 Mar 31, 2003 (UTC)

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 * This is better, though there may be some debate about whether the 2003 events are simply a continuation of the 1990-91 events. --MartinHarper — Preceding undated comment added  19:02, 31 March 2003
 * Just as a sidenote, up until about a decade ago and the appearance of the internet generation, if you said "The Gulf war" you meant the Iran-Iraq war in the 80s, if you meant the 90/91 war that was the second Gulf war.  Altering the names retroactively just feels dangerously close to "fixing" history to suit the people with big mediapull.   Just wanted to mention this somewhere...   DW75 (talk) 17:52, 28 February 2013 (UTC)

(Merge prop'l)
I'd like to merge this with Iraq war. — Preceding unsigned comment added by MartinHarper (talk • contribs) 23:53, 20 April 2003

(American geographic illiteracy)
'War was invented for the Americans to learn Geography' by Ambrose Bierce. An AMERICAN and author of 'The Devil's Dictionary' — Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.253.32.7 (talk) 21:33, 27 September 2003

(Misplaced discussion)
Text moved to talk:Military preparations for 2003 invasion of Iraq — Preceding unsigned comment added by DanKeshet (talk • contribs) 15:19 & :40, 14 August 2003
 * Specifically,
 * contributed 18:52, 20 May 2011 by Xeeron, and
 * moved to #Very inconsistent redirects/disambiguation pages: new section).
 * --Jerzy•t 06:52, 13 June 2014 (UTC)

Very inconsistent redirects/disambiguation pages
Try:

 * Second Gulf War
 * second gulf war

Different pages for different capitalisation.

 * These are correct - redirects allow users to reach the intended page, even if they use slightly different spelling/capitalisation. --NSH001 (talk) 16:31, 4 March 2013 (UTC)

Also:

 * First Gulf War
 * second gulf war

Lead to the same page.

 * now corrected, so that second gulf war leads to the appropriate disambiguation page. --NSH001 (talk) 16:31, 4 March 2013 (UTC)

Finally:

 * Gulf war
 * Gulf War (disambiguation)

A main article + a disamb page with the same name ....

 * This is correct. See WP:PRIMARYTOPIC. --NSH001 (talk) 16:31, 4 March 2013 (UTC)

- Xeeron — Preceding unsigned comment added by Xeeron (talk • contribs) 18:52, 20 May 2011 (UTC)

Inexplicable revision
User:Necessary Evil reverted my edits without any substantive reason given, either here on this talk page or in the edit comments. All that was said was "Don’t throw the baby out with the bath water.)"! What baby? What bath water? What the f is he talking about?  If he thought that a "baby" was missing why didn't he add that back in? That would have been the Wikipedia way. Why did he add back the bathwater too?  I find it insulting and against the spirit of Wikipedia (inclusiveness, cooperation, consensus, etc.) to revert good-faith edits without any effort put into explaining the action, let alone any effort to edit to add in what is missing. The Wikipedia way would have been to add what Necessary Evil thinks was missing -- the mysterious "baby".    The page as it exists now is a repetitive mess that obscures more that it illuminates and has too much information for a disambiguation page. It cannot stand as it.  We need to reduce the wording and bring the formatting back into line with other disambiguation pages. If no one comments here I will assume that I consensus has been reached and will re-edit the page along the lines that I did before. --Iloilo Wanderer (talk) 11:26, 9 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Hi Iloilo Wanderer, sorry for the troubles. "Don’t throw the baby out with the bath water" is an idiomatic expression or a metaphor as you have mentioned.
 * You good-faith edit reduced the number of words, but information was lost. Your version tells us that five names covers four wars - but the four wars haven't got all five names. The disambiguation is to clarify which names belong to which wars. If the names and wars were unambiguous connected, we could avoid the repetition, but they aren't. --Regards, Necessary Evil (talk) 01:13, 10 February 2014 (UTC)

Multi-purpose Dab??
While editors of the Dab pages for any names applicable to at least two of the three wars should be aware of each others' work, the attempt to disambiguate on one page all the names that are ambiguous among some of the three wars is grossly misconceived, and could be remedied by creating a separate Dab page for more-or-less each ambiguous title. That may be too extreme for variations that share a pattern of applicability; in theory, i can easily imagine 4 Dab pages being needed: one for the terms that plausibly apply to both of the first two, one for the last two, one for the first and last, and one for terms that apply to all three, but i wouldn't be surprised if even that were overkill. I'm gonna start work here on this talk page, and hope for consensus before editing the mainspace pages needed. --Jerzy•t 07:45, 13 June 2014 (UTC)

Numbering removal
I just finished a major cleanup of this disambiguation. It seems like this page got way too confusing with a series of sections on the numbers of each Gulf War. That is completely unnecessary. You have to keep in mind that this is a disambiguation, and the only purpose of it is to guide people to the respective articles. I feel like this page did not do a good job of this, because it was cluttered with hypothetical numbering. The way I have it now is a lot better. People can read very short summaries of the different wars and conflicts that have been referred to as "Gulf War" (numbering doesn't matter here) and then can go to the article they want. I also added an infobox to help with this process. Leave everything else to the individual articles. Tavix | Talk  23:09, 11 December 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gulf War (disambiguation)


text:
List of islands of Sweden

This is a list of islands of Sweden. According to 2013 statistics report there are in total 267,571 islands in Sweden, fewer than 1000 of which are inhabited. Their total area is 1.2 million hectares, which corresponds to 3 percent of the total land area of Sweden. Most of the islands are in the Baltic Sea regions of the Bay of Bothnia and the Bothnian Sea.

Rough population statistics are from 2015.

Other well-known islands

 * Adelsö
 * Björkö (Birka)
 * Bondaholmen
 * Frösön
 * Gåsö
 * Gotska Sandön
 * Helgö
 * Holmöarna
 * Koster Islands
 * Lidingö
 * Märket
 * Mjältön
 * Stora Karlsö
 * Ven
 * Visingsö
 * Furusund

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: List of islands of Sweden


text:
Talk:Apple III

///
any reason why this article writes "///" instead of "III"? -- Tarquin 18:43 Feb 9, 2003 (UTC)

It was standard form when referring to the pre-Macintosh Apple machines, intended to recall the styling of the machines' logos. "Apple II" was generally written "Apple ][" and the Apple III used slashes.
 * Liam Proven 14:14, 21 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * That was also the way the Apple /// was listed in all the Apple textbooks and manuals.KAS 14:04, 29 May 2006 (UTC)
 * And very important, the metal ID badge on the front case of the Apple III and III Plus had the model number three printed as three forward slashes: "///"--Apple2gs 20:06, 29 May 2006 (UTC)

Apple switched to slashes for the II series as well around the time the //c was introduced. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.125.110.223 (talk) 21:39, 14 December 2007 (UTC)

20 Megabyte Profile
Apple Computer also made a 20-megabyte Profile that sold for $3,500.

That figures out to $175 per megabyte by yesterday’s standards! My computer today is 250 gigabyte. Lets see, 250 gigabyte at a cost of $175.00 would be about $43,750,000. I would say buying a hard drive today for a couple of hundreds bucks is a bargain. Thank god for technology.

I owned an Apple /// Business computer with a 20 megabyte Profile and used it over 10 years, well up into the nineties. Later I only used the machine for a couple of jobs as time went on. It sat in our spare office. I had become so accustomed to using its flagship software “Three EZ Pieces” and Apple Business Basic (ABB) that I kept on using it. It did things that the newer computers didn’t. I wrote one program that would fill out invoices. The printer would imprint through four carbon copies. Before I wrote that program we filled out our invoices on the IBM Selectric typewriter that cost $800.00. The problem with the Selectric typewriter was that when a mistake was made, it messed up 4 carbon copies and the whiteout look unprofessional. The Apple /// and ABB made office life much better. I also wrote an industrial engineering program AutoCAM with Apple Business Basic that did “cam layout” for Brown & Sharpe Screw Machines in just a few minutes (saved an hour over conventional methods) and then later with Visual Basic 1.0 (on an HP) when it first came out, and now written in Visual Basic 6.0. I also wrote a payroll, and a quoting program for the Apple /// machine and used it in my company. I thought it should be mentioned that the Apple /// came with a PROFILE with a capacity of 20 mgs at a cost of $3,500. I noticed on the front page the also made a 5 meg. My cost for the Apple /// with CRT, CPU, Profile 20 meg, printer and some software was about $9,000. Available software was scarce and SLOW. We never used the accounting program because it would take forever just to switch out of receivables to payables. That was why I was motivated to learn ABB. When I got it, it sat in a corner on the floor for about 6 months because no one knew how to run it. But once I got started with Three EZ Pieces and Learning Apple Business Basic, I was hooked. I think I still have some books and software round here for that machine. KAS 14:01, 29 May 2006 (UTC)
 * The ProFile hardisk came in sizes of either 5 megabytes and 10 megabytes, nothing else (e.g. Seagate ST-506 or ST-512 mechanism). If yours did have a 20 megabyte hardisk mechanism, it would have been as a user upgrade--and that I believe, would have required a custom firmware ROM for the drive written to support it too. The hardisks themselves were MFM type, and interfaced with the Lisa, Apple III and Apple II via a bi-directional parallel controller interface.

 * The very first 20 megabyte hardrive sold by Apple was the Apple HD20. It connected to the Macintosh through the floppy port controller and relatively slow, unlike the later SCSI based Apple HD20-SC. Which brings up an interesting point, in that the Apple III was able to use SCSI hardisks later in life by borrowing SCSI controller cards from the Apple II line (special drivers are required however).Apple2gs 20:06, 29 May 2006 (UTC)

 * That’s strange, it was my understanding it was a 20-megabyte. Thanks for the update.  I know one thing, after the accounting program was installed; I never used the program after the first few days.  It took at least 5 to 10 minutes to switch payables to receivables.  It was Peachtree I think, but who knows since it as slower then a snail I didn’t take notice to remember the name. It did seem like we had a lot of unused space on the drive, even after the programs were installed.   It’s nice to have a person with knowledge to converse with.  Have you ever used the Apple ///?  The ProFile sounded like a muffled jet engine whirling around.  It was made well because in the all the years it was booted everyday; it just kept on whirling around, day in and day out.  I actually liked that machine and it was a boost to my self-esteem that I could run it when most of my competitors didn’t have computers.  I remember IBM would come around and smooze us to buy one of their low-end computers for about  $20,000 to $25,000.  We’d go to their meetings and listen to their presentations, but still, in the end, the argument was they were pricing themselves out of the market. KAS 04:10, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Those old MFM ST-5xx drives were notorious for being noisy (and slow). I've never used one, but came close to owning one when a second hand shop I came across had one in stock, along with several controller cards for the Apple III. I regret not purchasing it in retrospect, not only to make my Apple III more workable, but to have as a historic piece of computing (it was afterall, one of the first consumer available hardisks; certainly the very first one Apple ever offered). Yes, I do own an Apple III...with 256K RAM, an external Disk III and Monitor III. I even have four compatible digital color RGB monitors to use with it, but not had a chance to hook any up so far as it's not often I take my III out of storage. I picked it up about 12 years ago which was quite a find even then...they're not exactly that common as only perhaps 100,000 were made. I would be interested in finding more software for mine, it's an interesting machine.Apple2gs 19:40, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

 * It’s great to see the love for the Apple /// still out there! My ProFile sat between the CRT and the CPU, and This will make you sick.  When the company went BK in 2001, (just after 911 due to NOTHING moving with PO's for months) I didn't have anyplace for the Apple /// and I didn't want anyone to have access to the hard drive, so I destroyed the whole system and tossed it in the industrial trash.  I've more then once regretted I did that.  However, I think I have some of the original Textbooks and some software.  And, I think I have pictures of the system in the office the way it was setup to use – ProFile in the center of the stack.  I sure wished you had walked by in 2001 because I would have loved to have given my Apple /// a good home, but no one seemed interested in a dinosaur of a computer.  In fact, we affectionately called it Dino in the office. KAS 02:19, 31 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I have a similar story. One of my friends, back in the very early 90's, found an Apple IIe with ProFile hardisk in the dumpster from a company that had either gone under or simply disposing of obsolete office equipment. He salvaged it all and brought it home...however, and I'll never understand why, destroyed the ProFile by ripping out the physical disc platter to hang on his wall like a trophy! I talked him into giving me the Apple IIe and (now rare) Apple II ProFile controller card before he destroyed those as well and still have them today. I suppose he reasoned if it was in the trash it had no value.
 * My Apple III was given to me free not long after that incident, someone had one in their garage and offered it to me (I'm sure I saved it from being eventually trashed). I treasure it because it's so unique and interesting a machine, and although similar in many respects to the Apple II, no more an Apple II than a Lisa is a Macintosh. If you ever feel like giving those books and software a good home, let me know. :) Apple2gs 01:35, 2 June 2006 (UTC)
 * This convesation should be moved to email, or an appropriate old-Apple forum. Talk pages are for the discussion of the article itself. -- Mikeblas 19:17, 9 June 2007 (UTC)

The operating system was seriously called SOS? That's too funny to be true!72.94.2.65 00:55, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

Apple III comparison to IIGS
The more I learn about the Apple III, IIe and IIGS, the more I believe the distinction to oust the III from the Apple II family is unreasonable. The fact is, Apple intended the III to be the successor to the II, in exactly the same way the IIGS was positioned to replace the IIe. Unlike the IIGS at some point Apple decided the III should be perceived as a completely different machine that had nothing to do with the II and why shouldn't it, it was! Having said that, the IIGS was also a completely different machine, but Apple took the opposite strategy and basically tricked the II community by calling it a "II". The IIGS though, unlike the III, allowed the II emulation (and it was emulation, nothing about the IIGS hardware would run Apple II software natively) to utilize the full power of the IIGS, whereas the III intentionally crippled the ability of the II software to use more than standard II Plus specs. Otherwise, the two computers filled exactly the same niche in Apple's II family at different times, names notwithstanding. Like the IIGS to the IIe, had the III not been plagued with problems, it likely would have eventually replaced the II Plus and through its backward compatibility, JUST LIKE THE IIGS, eventually become the successor. It might also have changed their place in history. Nevertheless, as it played out, the IIGS was a logical successor to convert text-based users into GUIs and left unimpeded, it would have ultimately converted all IIe users and I would have expected it to eventually become a IIGS card for the Power Mac line, instead. Had the III been successful, the IIGS would have likely never happened and the III would have gone straight to a Mac card. What I'm saying here is, the III is a different family than the IIe in name only, just like the IIGS is the same family in name only. These distinctions must not be lost due to the passion for the platform most II users express.--Mac128 (talk) 04:48, 26 June 2008 (UTC)
 * One thing you must keep in mind is the chronological ordering of history. It is easy to look at history today and compare the IIgs to the III. But, keep in mind that when the III was discontinued in 1984, it was two years before the IIgs became public. Also keep in mind that the IIgs was post-Steve Jobs (he was fired about one year before the IIgs introduction.) I don't think the IIgs was ever supposed to be replace the IIe. As a matter of fact, the IIe outlasted the IIgs, as it was discontinued in 1993 (the IIgs lasted only six years.) And to push the envelope even more, I truly don't believe the IIgs would have been produced if Steve Jobs was still around.
 * Here's how I look at the whole thing. The III was very pivotal in bringing the Apple 8-bit line to business standards. If Apple had the kanones to upgrade the 8-bit line to the Intel 8086 16-bit like Woz originally planned, then they probably would've successfully competed with the IBM PC. But, we'll never know. Instead, they stuck with the 8-bit design, and relied on completely inventing a totally new operating system (SOS), and thereby forcing everyone to purchase new software (kind of like the move from Mac 68k to PPC, or PPC to Intel.) Remember that software ALWAYS dictates the hardware's direction. If Apple was smart enough to implement yellow box-like features to the III (FULL hardware-level II support,) then more people would've bought the III as the next II model. But to actually think that Apple planned on carrying three different platforms - the II, III and Apple Lisa - it is ultimate stupidity.
 * As for the IIgs, IMHO it was invented purely as a reactive move, and not a long-term proactive move. It actually competed head-to-head with the Commodore Amiga 1000, while the IIe sat back and competed with the Commodore 64K and 128K, among other 8-bit systems. The IIgs didn't have Woz and Jobs. It really wasn't grasped by the schools. Although the IIgs was a great computer, I truly cannot for the life of me fill one paragraph with what this computer contributed to Apple long-term. For starters, GS/OS was a copy of Macintosh System software, so it contributed nothing to GUI design. Its "GS" functions was never used again in any Apple computer. ProDOS 8 was already invented before the IIgs came along. The only thing I can see is ADB ports. As for the III, it came out with several things that were later recycled in other Apple products. ProDOS was inspired by SOS. The keyboard and chassis design (and mistakes) probably improved the eventual IIe that came afterwards.
 * But, to say that III's success would not have made the IIgs possible is difficult to swallow. To play devil's advocate, Steve would've stuck with the III's success (they say he stayed away from the III because of its problems) had they upgraded to 16-bit, and we may have never seen the Macintosh 128K. Think about it - if the III did indeed compete well with the IBM PC, the III and the Apple Lisa would have been the two computing platforms. Again, the chronological ordering of history must be fully understood. Groink (talk) 10:33, 2 August 2009 (UTC)
 * I don't think you understood my point at all. First, Apple planned on replacing the Apple II Plus with the Apple ///, they never planned on continuing the Apple II line at all, so sure they were that the /// was the next great thing. And the /// was only supposed to carry the company until the Lisa was ready, which would revolutionize the industry. Thus Apple would be a single computer manufacturer, and no one would ever want to use a text-based computer again. But ultimately, what they intended or what might have happened has nothing to do with the fact that the /// hardware ran II software natively, yet was considered a completely different computer & the GS hardware was a completely different computer which only emulated the II, yet the former was called the Apple /// and the latter, a II. Purely marketing. Yet the Apple II community generally embraces the IIGS but shuns the ///, despite the reverse should be true.--Mac128 (talk) 21:49, 1 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Correction: The Apple III did NOT run Apple II software natively. It required a special floppy disk booted and loaded into memory, and from there, an Apple II emulator allowed it to act like and run Apple II software. In many ways, it is similar to the Apple IIe Card in the Macintosh, both required a special piece of software to temporarily transform the computer into "Apple II" mode. The Apple II and Apple III sides did not co-exist at the same time, much like the Apple IIe and Macintosh sides did not co-exist--you were either in one mode or the other. The Apple IIGS ran Apple II software in emulation, but it was built-in and completely transparent. There was no required boot disk or special software, and the native GS side and emulated II side weren't completely isolated and separated from one other, they could be easily blended together. I've seen 8-bit Applesoft BASIC programs that through PEEKS and POKES access the Ensoniq chip or write to the Super-Hi-Res screen, and I've seen 16-bit GS/OS software that can toggle the 1-bit speaker or draw to the Hi-Res screen. Incidentally, the IIGS contributed more than ADB (which was developed for the Macintosh line, but introduced first on the IIGS). It's GUI was the very first to use color at Apple, and many features of GS/OS were later borrowed into MacOS (file copying routines, the concept of the progress thermometer, many other things).

 * Interestingly, a lot of the Apple III's hardware features got added into the Apple IIe, only scaled back. Double-Hi-Res is very similar to the Apple III's 560x192 video mode (the III was actually less restrictive with color placement), ProDOS is a scaled down variation of SOS, the III's and IIe keyboard, etc. The IIGS was rather interesting though, the entire Apple IIe was placed on a single chip (minus the CPU, RAM and ROM) with, in a way, another computer built around it. I've often questioned whether the GS really is an Apple II or an entirely different computer line, and whether the Apple III was just a more advanced Apple II model. Personally I see the Apple II and III, like how I see the Lisa and Mac. Very close cousins, but a different line of machine.Apple2gs (talk) 03:39, 2 September 2009 (UTC)

Contradiction on Discontinuation Date
The info box claims that the /// was discontinued in April 1984, but toward the end of the Apple III Plus paragraph it's listed as September 1985. Which is it? AngusCA (talk) 21:07, 16 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Fixed the date. I don't know where September 1985 came from. Groink (talk) 10:01, 2 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Apple ceased development of the /// in April of 1984. It continued to sell existing stock and parts until September 1985, when the /// was removed from Apple's price list. A2-computist (talk) 21:46, 16 September 2014 (UTC)

How are these different?
"The Apple III (often rendered as Apple ///) ..."

Italics constitute an alternate name?? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.92.174.105 (talk) 18:31, 31 October 2011 (UTC)

 * That's correct. On the cover, Apple used three forward-slashes to write the "///". It is like the Apple II, where it used a right and left bracket "][" to write the "II". You don't see them written like that today, but when you read articles written back in the 1980s about these machines, "][" and "///" were used quite a bit. Groink (talk) 18:39, 31 October 2011 (UTC)

The Apple II uppercase limitation
An explanation of my recent edit about the keyboard issue.

Somebody seems to have inferred that the uppercase-only limitations of the Apple II were due to the influence of Teletype keyboards. Teletypes did influence the design of Apple keyboards (and PC keyboards, for that matter; that's why you have a control key) but this has nothing to with the the Apple II limitation, which stemmed from the extra resources needed to represent a full ASCII character set. Note that the first Teletypes that supported mixed case were introduced a full decade before the Apple II. Isaac Rabinovitch (talk) 03:26, 9 June 2016 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Apple III


text:
Johann Arndt

Johann Arndt (or Arnd; 27 December 1555 – 11 May 1621) was a German Lutheran theologian who wrote several influential books of devotional Christianity. Although reflective of the period of Lutheran Orthodoxy, he is seen as a forerunner of Pietism, a movement within Lutheranism that gained strength in the late 17th century.

Biography
He was born in Edderitz near Ballenstedt, in Anhalt-Köthen, and studied in several universities. He was at Helmstedt in 1576 and at Wittenberg in 1577. At Wittenberg the crypto-Calvinist controversy was then at its height, and he took the side of Melanchthon and the crypto-Calvinists. He continued his studies in Strasbourg, under the professor of Hebrew, Johannes Pappus (1549–1610), a zealous Lutheran, the crown of whose life's work was the forcible suppression of Calvinistic preaching and worship in the day, and who had great influence over him.

In Basel, again, he studied theology under Simon Sulzer (1508–1585), a broad-minded divine of Lutheran sympathies, whose aim was to reconcile the churches of the Helvetic and Wittenberg confessions. In 1581 he went back to Ballenstedt, but was soon recalled to active life by his appointment to the pastorate at Badeborn in 1583. After some time his Lutheran tendencies aroused the anger of the authorities, who were of the Reformed Church. Consequently, in 1590 he was deposed for refusing to remove the pictures from his church and discontinue the use of exorcism at baptism. (Anhalt would become Calvinist in 1596.) He found an asylum in Quedlinburg (1590). However, he was very unpopular with the townspeople, and for that reason was transferred to St Martin's church at Brunswick in 1599. He later worked in Eisleben, and from 1611 until his death in 1621 he was general superintendent in Celle. Among his last words were "Now I have overcome all."

Arndt's fame rests on his writings. These were mainly of a mystical and devotional kind, and were inspired by St Bernard, Johannes Tauler and Thomas à Kempis. His principal work, Wahres Christentum (book 1: 1605; books 1-4: 1606–1610) i.e. "True Christianity", which has been translated into most European languages, has served as the foundation of many books of devotion, both Roman Catholic and Protestant. Arndt here dwells upon the mystical union between the believer and Christ, and endeavours, by drawing attention to Christ's life in His people, to correct the purely forensic side of the reformation theology, which paid almost exclusive attention to Christ's death for His people.

Like Luther, Arndt was very fond of the little anonymous book, Theologia Germanica. He published an edition of it and called attention to its merits in a special preface. After Wahres Christentum, Arndt's best-known work is Paradiesgärtlein aller christlichen Tugenden, which was published in 1612. Both these books have been translated into English: Paradiesgärtlein with the title the Garden of Paradise, and Wahres Christentum as True Christianity. Several of his sermons are published in R. Nesselmann's Buch der Predigten (1858). A collected edition of his works was published in Leipzig and Görlitz in 1734.

Arndt was held in very high repute by the German Pietists. The founder of Pietism, Philipp Jakob Spener, repeatedly called attention to him and his writings, and even went so far as to compare him with Plato. So important was Arndt's influence on the early Pietists that some scholars have even called him the true founder of the movement.

His impact in Sweden includes Jesper Swedberg and Peter Lorenz Sellergren.

Veneration
In 2022, Johann Ardt was officially added to the Episcopal Church liturgical calendar along with Jacob Boehme with a feast day on 11 May.

title: Johann Arndt


text:
Sigmund Jähn

Sigmund Werner Paul Jähn (13 February 1937 – 21 September 2019) was a German pilot, cosmonaut, and Generalmajor (equivalent to a Brigadier General in Western armies) in the National People's Army of the GDR. He was the first German to fly into space as part of the Soviet Union's Interkosmos program in 1978.

Early life
Jähn was born on February 13, 1937, in the town of Morgenröthe-Rautenkranz, located within the Vogtland region of Saxony, Germany. His father, Paul Jähn, was a sawmill worker, and his mother, Dora Jähn, was a housewife. Sigmund attended grade school from 1943 to 1951 and then trained in an apprenticeship program as a book printer from 1951 to 1954. Shortly after the apprenticeship, he worked as a Pioneer Leader at the Hammerbrücke Central School. Jähn (via his father's stories and memorabilia) and his father were impressed by the early rocketry pioneers of the 1920s around Fritz von Opel and the first manned rockets on land and in the air, igniting his enthusiasm for aviation, rocketry and spaceflight.

On April 26, 1955, Jähn enlisted into the predecessor of the East German Army in the town of Preschen and eventually worked his way into the East German Air Force. He finished basic training in 1956, enrolling into the Officer's School in Kamenz, and was sent to flight school in the town of Bautzen, which would later become its own Officer's School for military pilots. Jähn returned to his squadron, the Jagdfliegergeschwader 8, or Fighter Aviation Squad 8, two years later and remained there until 1960, when he and his team were relocated one last time to Marxwalde. During his flight career, he saved himself from crashing by ejecting from the Mig-17 he was piloting. He worked as the Deputy Commander for Political Affairs in his squadron from 1961 to 1963, then headed the Air Tactics/Air Combat division until 1965. At the same time, Jähn passed his Abitur and was sent to the J.A. Gagarin Air Force Academy in Monino, just outside of Moscow, Russia. Between 1970 and 1976, he was an inspector for fighter-pilot training and flight safety under the Deputy Head of the LSK/LV for Air Force Training of the Kommando LSK/LV.

Jähn achieved the rank of Lieutenant Colonel and was selected for the Soviet Union's Interkosmos cosmonaut training program in November 1976, alongside three other candidates (Eberhard Köllner, Rolf Berger, and Eberhard Golbs). Jähn and Köllner were selected out of the three candidates to be included in the first Interkosmos group. In addition to Jähn's previous flying experience and expertise with the Russian language, he was selected for his early entry into the SED program and his success coming from a blue-collar background.

Training
Jähn and Köllner began training together in 1976, with Köllner serving as his backup pilot. The two candidates spent the next two years conducting mission-specific training and their physical health was closely monitored by physicians at the NVA's Institute for Aviation Medicine in preparation for their upcoming flight.

Soyuz 31 mission
On August 26, 1978, Jähn and his co-pilot, Valery Bykovsky flew aboard the Soyuz 31 to the Soviet space station Salyut 6. The two men were greeted by resident cosmonauts Vladimir Kovalyonok and Aleksandr Ivanchenkov who arrived during the Soyuz 29 mission. Jähn's flight lasted 7 days, 20 hours, 49 minutes, and 4 seconds - orbiting Earth 124 times. During the mission, he conducted numerous scientific experiments. These included technical experiments with the MKF-6 multispectral camera for remote sensing of the Earth's surface, material science experiments on crystallization, like the formation, recrystallization, and the cultivation of a monocrystal. He also conducted medical experiments on how weightlessness affects speech, occupational psychological studies, testing the hearing sensitivity of regular crew members, biological experiments on cellular growth under weightlessness, and the connection between microorganisms with organic polymers and inorganic substances.

Among the advanced scientific equipment on board, the two cosmonauts carried mementos from home. Jähn brought a figurine of Das Sandmännchen, a well-known East German television character at the time, and Bykovsky brought a Misha doll, a character from a Soviet-era children's book series. They even broadcast a wedding between the two characters, which became controversial among East German and Soviet media outlets.

The Soyuz 31 remained docked to the Salyut 6 station until the custom-made seats were transferred between both Soyuz craft, where it was then used as a return vessel for Kovalyonok and Ivanchenkov. Jähn and Bykovsky later returned in the Soyuz 29 craft.

Jähn received permanent injuries to his spinal cord after an unexpectedly rough landing. Just a few yards from the ground, a gust of wind thrust the capsule back into the air, causing it hit the ground with increased momentum. Jähn couldn't reach the capsule's parachute-release switch in time and was consequently dragged across the steppes where it landed, rolling over itself several times before coming to a stop.

Media reception
The report on the space flight was prepared like a general staffing brief: on the morning of August 26, 1978, the editors in chief of the GDR radio stations and newspapers all received three sealed and numbered letters. Each one contained a different announcement depending on the outcome of the flight, whether it was successful, resulted in a fatal accident, or an emergency landing in enemy territory. The corresponding letter was only to be opened and published following a telephone call with specific instructions. After the mission was a success, the letters with the negative outcomes were then collected from the organizations.

Jähn's space flight was celebrated and covered extensively by GDR media outlets, since one of the smaller German states was home to the first German in space. On Sunday, August 27, 1978, Neues Deutschland published a special edition newspaper with the headline "The First German in Space - A Citizen of the GDR". Specifically using the word "German" in reference to a citizen of Germany was not usually used in the GDR media. The Aktuelle Kamera also published numerous special programs about the mission. Jähn was awarded the Hero of the GDR and the Hero of the Soviet Union medals in April, 1981, and a bust of the cosmonaut was unveiled in the Hain der Kosmonauten (trans. Hall of Cosmonauts) in front of the Archenhold Observatory in East Berlin. It was removed in 1990, though was later replaced with a new version in the Saxony State Statistical Office on February 22, 2008. Some schools, recreational centers, street names, and the cargo ship Neptun 421 were named in honor of Jähn throughout his lifetime. The observatory in Rodewisch, Germany, where Sputnik 1 was first observed from Earth, was also renamed after Jähn in 1979.

An exhibition dedicated to space flight and aeronautics was constructed in the former train station of his home town Morgenröthe-Rautenkranz. This exhibit received multiple additions between 1991 and 1992, and the name was formally changed to The German Space Exhibition. Since 2007, the expanded sections have been housed in a newer building not far from the original location. Furthermore, a 4.5m (~14.8 ft.) memorial was erected in the same town to commemorate the first German cosmonaut in space.

In the 2003 German film Good Bye, Lenin!, Jähn is the boyhood hero of the film's protagonist, Alex Kerner. As part of an effort to prevent his mother from learning that the Berlin Wall came down while she was in a coma and that East Germany no longer exists as a separate nation, Kerner locates a taxi driver (played by Swiss actor Stefan Walz), who resembles the cosmonaut, to appear in a fake newscast as the successor of Communist Party Secretary Erich Honecker. "Comrade Jähn" gives a speech proclaiming that he will open the East German borders to welcome West German refugees. The German public broadcaster Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk organized a themed event for his 80th birthday. It aired as part of a special television program "Sigmund Jähn and the Heroes of the Stars" on the nights of February 12 and 13, 2017.

In an interview with Der Spiegel 30 years after his space flight, Jähn commented: "But the celebratory reports weren't music to my ears; I didn't want to be made into a folk hero. (. . .) I found the spotlight more strenuous than traveling in space."

Die Zeit stated in 2018: "To this day, many West Germans do not know the first German in space. (. . .) Conversely, all former GDR citizens know who Sigmund Jähn is."

Later career
Jähn was promoted to colonel in 1978 following the success of the Soyuz 31 space flight and was subsequently promoted to Deputy Head of the Center for Cosmic Training within the Kommando LSK/LV. He remained deputy head of the training center until 1990.

In 1983, Jähn received his doctorate of science in remote sensing of the Earth at the Zentralinstitut für Physik der Erde in Potsdam. He studied under the leadership of Karl-Heinz Marek, the department head for remote sensing at that time. Jähn's doctoral thesis, among other topics, was based on the scientific preparations and evaluations of various kinds of flight missions.

Jähn became one of the founding members of the Association of Space Explorers in 1985.

On March 1, 1986, Jähn was promoted to major general. Following the dissolution of the GDR on October 2, 1990, he was relieved from duty alongside the last remaining command staff of the NVA, like Major General Lothar Engelhardt and Admiral Theodor Hoffmann.

Jähn became a freelance consultant for the German Aerospace Center until 1993. He then worked for the European Space Agency, or ESA following their ongoing projects with the Russian space agency Roscosmos in Zvyozdny Gorodok. He obtained this position with the support of his West German colleague Ulf Merbold and remained there for the following 15 years. The two had met in 1984 during a conference held in Salzburg.

He retired in 2002. In 2011, on the 50th anniversary of the first human space flight by Yuri Gagarin, he explained to Der Spiegel that taking the Das Sandmännchen toy on his flight was not a personal choice, but rather he took the figurine in order to film material for the show.

Private life
Sigmund Jähn lived in Strausberg with his wife, Erika Hänsel, and two daughters, Marina and Grit. He and his wife lived there until his passing on September 21, 2019, and was buried in the St. Mary's Protestant Cemetery in Strausberg.

When Sigmund returned from his space flight, he was greeted by his family with a picture of his grandson. This was ultimately concealed by GDR news stations because his role as a grandfather wouldn't have conformed to the desired image the space agency wanted to promote.

Commendations

 * 1977: Meritorious Military Pilot of the German Democratic Republic
 * 1978: Hero of the Soviet Union
 * 1978: Hero of the GDR
 * 1978: Order of Karl Marx (according to award regulations, Hero of the GDR)
 * 1978: Leibniz Medal from the Academy of Sciences of the GDR
 * Sigmund Jähn was the only recipient of the honorary title of Fliegerkosmonaut der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik
 * The space flight planetarium on Peißnitzinsel in Halle (Saale), opened 1978, was named after him. After the building was demolished due to flood damage, the name Planetarium Halle (Saale) was chosen for the site built in 2021.
 * 1978: Honorary citizen of East Berlin. The picture of the cosmonauts Jähn and Bykowski hangs in the Gallery of Honor of the Berlin House of Representatives.
 * The Deutsche Seereederei Rostock named its second cargo ship the Fliegerkosmonaut der DDR Sigmund Jähn and was put into service on March 30, 1979; the ship was part of the series "Freighter 'Cam Doussié' (Type Neptun, 4th modification)", NEPTUN-421 (DSR).
 * This was not only the longest DSR ship name of all time, but also the longest in the world at the time, which is said to have even been included in the Guinness Book of Records. Sigmund Jähn was embarrassed by this.
 * September 25, 1979: Elementary school in Fürstenwalde/Spree named after Sigmund Jähn.
 * In 1979, the cosmonaut center in the Küchwald recreational area in Karl-Marx-Stadt (now Chemnitz) was given the honorary name “Sigmund Jähn”, which still remains today.
 * 1979: The observatory Sternwarte und Planetarium in Rodewisch are named after Jähn.
 * In 1982, the GST flight school in Jahnsdorf was given the honorary name of the GST Fliegerkosmonaut Sigmund Jähn flight school and a monument was constructed.
 * On October 5, 1982: Honorary citizen of his home town of Strausberg near Berlin.
 * 1998: Dr. Friedrich Joseph Haass-Preis of the German-Russian Forum.
 * 1999: Golden Hen Media Prize. The pop group Die Prinzen released their song “Wer ist Sigmund Jähn?” (Who is Sigmund Jähn?) that year on their album "So viel Spaß für wenig Geld".
 * In 2001, the asteroid 1998 BF14, discovered on January 27, 1998, at the Drebach public observatory in the Ore Mountains, was named after Jähn and is designated (17737) Sigmundjähn.
 * 2002: Honorary citizen of Morgenröthe-Rautenkranz.
 * January 20, 2007: Honorary citizen of Neuhardenberg. A memorial plaque was unveiled there in Jähn's former home (in Marxwalde).
 * 2011: Honorary member of the Leibniz Society of Sciences in Berlin.
 * May 3, 2012: (for the second time) honorary citizen of his home town of Strausberg.
 * The German astronaut Alexander Gerst took a badge with pictures of Bykowski and Jähn on his first flight to the ISS in 2014 and sent Jähn a photo of it.
 * On September 29, 2017, a primary school in Dommitzsch, Saxony, was named after the cosmonaut.
 * Since January 1, 2020, the former "Bahnhofstrasse" street in Morgenröthe-Rautenkranz has been called "Dr.-Sigmund-Jähn-Strasse".

Quotes
"'Dear television viewers of the German Democratic Republic, I am very happy to be the first German to take part in this manned space flight.'"

"'The flight director's voice in the headphones sounded almost solemn: 'Podjom - climb!' At first it was as if thunder was thundering in the distance.The dull rumbling quickly got closer and closer. The rocket began to vibrate, as if trembling to get away from the crater of a volcano it was sitting on, as quickly as possible. I didn't see it from our capsule 50 meters above the earth, but eyewitnesses later told me about this unique spectacle. It looked like a fire-breathing dragon, emitting a sea of flames and smoke.The rays from the five engines raged red, yellow, blue and violet. A fascinating sight. My heart rate was elevated. But this heart pounding wasn't fear, but rather stimulating. And what I saw then was total bliss: our earth covered in bright blue. Simply fantastic.'"

"'As a pilot, I simply couldn't resist the offer to fly such a space capsule...'"

"'Humans are so advanced, scientifically and technically, that they fly around the earth in spaceships. And on earth he smashes his head with the other one like in the Stone Age. It seems very vivid when you go around this small earth in 90 minutes.'"

Publications

 * Erlebnis Weltraum. Military Publishing House of the GDR, Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-327-00710-1, 3rd unchanged edition, Berlin 1985.
 * Andreas Fickers,

Literature

 * Horst Hoffmann (publicist). (biography).
 * Horst Hoffmann (publicist)..
 * Horst Hoffmann (publicist).
 * Horst Hoffmann (publicist).

title: Sigmund Jähn


text:
Philipp Spener

Philipp Jakob Spener (23 January 1635 – 5 February 1705) was a German Lutheran theologian who essentially founded what became known as Pietism. He was later dubbed the "Father of Pietism". A prolific writer, his two main works, Pia desideria (1675) and Allgemeine Gottesgelehrtheit (1680), were published while he was the chief pastor in the Lutheran Church at Frankfurt.

In 1691, he was invited to Berlin by the court of Brandenburg. In Berlin, Spener was at odds with the predominant Lutheran orthodoxy, as he had been all his life. Spener influenced the foundation of the University of Halle. Disputing his positions, the theological faculty of Wittenberg, formally accused him of 264 errors.

Life
Spener was born in Rappoltsweiler, Upper Alsace, now part of France, in Spener's time as part of the Holy Roman Empire. After a brief time at the grammar school of Colmar, he went to Strasbourg in 1651. There he devoted himself to the study of philology, history and philosophy, and won his degree of master in 1653, with a disputation against the philosophy of Thomas Hobbes. He then became private tutor to the princes Christian and Charles of the Electorate of the Palatinate, and lectured in the university on philology and history. From 1659 to 1662 he visited the universities of Basel, Tübingen and Geneva, and commenced the study of heraldry, which he pursued throughout his life. In Geneva especially, his religious views and tendencies turned in the direction of mysticism.

Spener returned to Strasbourg in 1663, where he was appointed preacher without pastoral duties, with the right of holding lectures. Three years afterwards, he was invited to become the chief pastor in the Lutheran Church at Frankfurt. Here he published his two chief works, Pia desideria (1675) and Allgemeine Gottesgelehrtheit (1680), and began that form of pastoral work which resulted in the movement called Pietism.

In 1686 he accepted the invitation to the first court chaplaincy at Dresden. The Elector John George III, at whose personal desire the post had been offered to him, was soon offended when Spener condemned the morals of John George's court. Spener refused to resign his post, and the Saxon government hesitated to dismiss him. In 1691 the Saxon representative at Berlin induced the court of Brandenburg to offer him the rectorship of St Nicholas in Berlin, with the title of counsellor of the Marcher Consistory (Konsistorialrat).

In Berlin, Spener was held in high honour, though the tendencies of the court and the government officials were rather rationalistic than pietistic. The University of Halle was founded under his influence in 1694. All his life, Spener had been exposed to the attacks and abuse of the orthodox Lutheran theologians. Over time, his opponents multiplied, and the movement which he started accumulated hostile criticism. In 1695 the theological faculty of Wittenberg formally accused him of 264 errors. Only his death released him from these fierce conflicts. His last important work was Theologische Bedenken (1700–1702), to which was added after his death Letzte theologische Bedenken, with a biography of Spener by CH von Canstein (1711). Spener died in Berlin.

Theology

Highly influenced by Johann Arndt, Lewis Bayly, Jean de Labadie, and Theophil Großgebauer, Spener's own writings display an emphasis on personal transformation through spiritual rebirth and renewal. It is this focus on individual devotion and piety that places him within the realm of Pietism. Spener wanted to strengthen and renew the church through the development of more knowledgeable and devoted members.

In his Pia Desideria, he gave six proposals of how to enact this reform: (1) to more thoroughly acquaint believers with Scripture by means of private readings and study groups, in addition to preaching; (2) to increase the involvement of laity in all functions of the church; (3) to emphasize that believers put into practice their faith and knowledge of God; (4) to approach religious discussions with humility and love, avoiding controversy whenever possible; (5) to ensure that pastors are both well-educated and pious; and (6) to focus preaching on developing faith in ordinary believers. As these proposals indicate, Spener saw positive change for the church as being primarily dependent upon the pious involvement of individual believers.

Though Spener has been called the "father of Pietism," Albrecht Ritschl (Geschichte des Pietismus, ii. 163) maintains that "he was himself not a Pietist," as he did not advocate the quietistic, legalistic and semi-separatist practices of Pietism, though they were more or less involved in the positions he assumed or the practices which he encouraged or connived at. The only two points on which he departed from the orthodox Lutheran faith of his day were the requirement of regeneration as the sine qua non of the true theologian, and the expectation of the conversion of the Jews and the fall of the Papacy as the prelude of the triumph of the Church.

He did not, like the later Pietists, insist upon the necessity of a conscious crisis of conversion, nor did he encourage a complete breach between the Christian and the secular life. Spener was sometimes believed to be one of the godfathers of Count von Zinzendorf, the leader of the Moravian Brethren's Community at Herrnhut in Saxony. Although Zinzendorf met Spener as a child at his grandmother's home in Hennersdorf, Spener was not his godfather.

Spener was a prolific writer. The list of his published works comprises 7 vols. folio, 63 quarto, 7 octavo, 46 duodecimo. An edition of his chief writings was published by P. Grunberg in 1889. TVG Brunnen Verlag in Gießen, Germany began a new edition of Spener's works in 1996.

title: Philipp Spener


text:
Talk:Molde

By all existing standards, Molde is a city, not a town. English definition (precense of cathedral) is satisfied, US and Norwegian definitions (a status thing) are also satisfied, so please don't change it back to town.

Merge
Absolutely! There is no need for a separate Famous residents. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Sparviere (talk • contribs) 14:42, 6 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Merge completed, tagged for prod - there is no point in a redirect as there are no incoming links JeepdaySock (AKA, Jeepday) 16:58, 14 December 2010 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of List of people from Molde

The article List of people from Molde has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * per suggestion merged to Molde no incoming links except redirects to delete when prod expires

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. JeepdaySock (AKA, Jeepday) 16:58, 14 December 2010 (UTC)

It is a city
In the US there are no guidelines as to whether a place is a city or not. It is all about what it is agreed upon, what the town/city council wishes, and what "looks good" on the sign. In Britain, it automatically becomes a city if a bishop resides there.

Norwegian, historically being a rural society, have fewer terms for these things than does English. Norwegian BY means both "city" and "town", whereas TETTSTED is a modern, inaccurate term that translates both "town", "village" and "hamlet" in English.

Locations like Molde, Bergen and Larvik are best translated CITY, while Otta, Kløfta and Drøbak will be classified as TOWNS.

 * As somebody who lives in the area, and regularly visits Molde, I have to take exception with your representation of Molde as a 'City'. I suppose that many editors on Wikipedia live in cities, and a such will recognise what a city is. A City is a place with a large population, many streets, etc.. etc.. Molde is a beautiful little one street town which enjoys the title of 'Town of Roses'. Why can't Wikipedia recognise that Molde wants to be known as a town?? Such inaccuracy is very harmful to the reputation that Wikipedia should deserve, but because of such inaccuracies is likely never to have. Signed: A truly pissed of lover of the Town of Molde. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.213.2.204 (talk) 21:33, 12 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Apparently you are not very well versed in the common usage of 'town' and 'city'. AS the bishop of Møre resides in Molde, the proper designation is city--Sparviere (talk) 04:55, 8 March 2013 (UTC)

Series
Regarding 'Series of fire', it's the English grammar I'm thinking of. As far as I know, 'series of' always has to be followed by the plural form of a noun. It might also be a good idea to change 'destroying' to 'destroyed' for correct grammar.

--Cunningpal 23:42, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

Another word I would question is 'struck', past of 'strike'. We 'strike' a match, to produce a flame by friction, but striking a fire from a bomb doesn't seem to be the right use of the word. Actually, "Strike the fire" (a campfire) means to put it out.

Here is how I would write the sentence. I won't put it in the article, but leave it to you to modify as you want to. 'Air raid' doesn't need a hyphen. Do you use www.onelook.com as a dictionary source? It's a good site.

A second fire, or rather, series of fires, ignited during German air raids in April and May of 1940, destroyed about two thirds of the city.

Cunningpal

Cunningpal! You might be entirely right, or partly wrong. The debate is seething among my colleagues in the department, but no consensus yet! Some advocate that the plural form of "series of fire" IS "series of fire", since series is intrinsically plural (i.e. “one series” – “two series”). Also, this follows the pattern of “brother in arms” – “brothers in arms”, and “one kind of ice cream” – “two kinds of ice cream” (and not “ice creams”). Or, according to the opposition, since Molde was bombed for two weeks, there surely must have been more than ONE fire, hence “series of fires”. Verdict is pending.

Regarding strike/struck there seems to more of an agreement that a fire CAN strike from an incendiary bomb, just like fire can strike like a match, or from a bolt of lightning. Furthermore – “struck” in this sense does not necessarily refer to the act of striking two surfaces, but “inflicted upon”, like “Many Californian towns fire-stricken after the great bushfire”, or “Fire struck one of Seattle's monorail trains outside…” (headlines on the news)

As for you other suggestions – they will be corrected! Thank you

--Sparviere 14:08, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

I suggest you look up 'series' in the Encarta English Dictionary on the Web. It gives some excellent examples and an explanation of 'series' in its singular and plural use.

I can guarantee that no literate person whose mother tongue is English would follow 'series of' with a singular noun. 'Series of fire' is just not correct English as it is spoken and written.

Cunningpal 22:54, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

Well, I AM literate, and DO have English as my native tongue, but I am still not quite convinced. However, since you seem certain, and I am not, it is hereby settled, and the necessary changes will be performed. Thanks for following up! --Sparviere 20:43, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

Bombardment in WW2
German Wikipedia says that the city was bombed by the RAF in 1940. Can't read Norwgian but it seems it says something about the RAF as well. In contrast to that the English version says that the German Luftwaffe was responsible for the bombardment. What's true? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dkmbeck1982 (talk • contribs) 17:59, 4 October 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Molde