text:
Talk:Sexual slavery

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Dfranco3.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 09:07, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 29 January 2019 and 17 May 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Dondrehuddl12.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 09:07, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 24 August 2021 and 9 December 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Michael Henderson Burt. Peer reviewers: LHK428, Janylahthomas, BlackIce0021.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 09:07, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Comprise vs comprise of
I noticed a recent edit by User:Rao Ravindra which changed the following sentence:
 * It may comprise of repeated sexual abuse or rape by the captor or forcing the victim to provide sexual services to others, or both. (*bold added for emphasis)

to this:
 * It may comprise repeated sexual abuse or rape by the captor or forcing the victim to provide sexual services to others, or both.

With this edit summary:
 * Comprise means "consist of". "Comprise of" is wrong. "Of" does not follow "comprise".

I would beg to differ. I think that edit summary makes a rather bold and authoritative pronouncement about something that I feel is solely a matter of opinion. Many dictionaries and grammar books state that the use of "comprise of" is acceptable. For example:
 * Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English states:

 * com‧prise
 * 1 [linking verb] to consist of particular parts, groups etc: The house comprises two bedrooms, a kitchen, and a living room.
 * be comprised of somebody/something: The committee is comprised of well-known mountaineers.
 * 2 [transitive] to form part of a larger group of people or things [= constitute, make up]: Women comprise a high proportion of part-time workers.

 * Dictionary.com/Random House states:
 * com·prise
 * verb (used with object), -prised, -pris·ing.
 * 1. to include or contain: The Soviet Union comprised several socialist republics.
 * 2. to consist of; be composed of: The advisory board comprises six members.
 * 3. to form or constitute: Seminars and lectures comprised the day's activities.
 * 4. be comprised of, to consist of; be composed of: The sales network is comprised of independent outlets and chain stores.

 * Usage Note: Comprise has had an interesting history of sense development. In addition to its original senses, dating from the 15th century, “to include” and “to consist of ” (The United States of America comprises 50 states), comprise has had since the late 18th century the meaning “to form or constitute” (Fifty states comprise the United States of America). Since the late 19th century it has also been used in passive constructions with a sense synonymous with that of one of its original meanings “to consist of, be composed of ”: The United States of America is comprised of 50 states.

 * Merriam Webster states:
 * Usage Note: Although it has been in use since the late 18th century, ["comprise(d) of"] is still attacked as wrong. Why it has been singled out is not clear, but until comparatively recent times it was found chiefly in scientific or technical writing rather than belles lettres. Our current evidence shows a slight shift in usage: ["comprise(d) of"] is somewhat more frequent in recent literary use than the earlier senses.

Just to explain: I know it is a tiny issue in the great scheme of things and I do not doubt that the editor was operating under good faith, (basing his/her edit on his/her belief that the "of" is not grammatically correct), and I know I could just change it back. But I figured I would explain here for a number of reasons: this could easily affect other articles (and for all I know it could be someone's pet "error" that s/he is trying to eradicate from Wikipedia); because I didn't want to get into an edit war over it; and because I thought it might be of interest to other editors, for example those who are not sure what the correct grammar is here. Plus, since I feel it is a matter of stylistic preference and that either way is acceptable, it would seem almost hypocritical of me to just change it back, unless (which is possible) it is an issue related to consistency regarding national varieties of English or was done with the rationale that whatever version was used first in an article is the one to revert to when in doubt. And this issue is not without controversy. See this amusing rant by writer Mike Walsh, for example. Sorry about the long explanation! :-) I didn't want to come across as rude, which I worried might happen if I were more brief. I just find this stuff interesting; hopefully I am not the only one :-) -MsBatfish (talk) 11:06, 21 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Hi MsBatfish, Just chiming in in support of "comprise" not having an "of" added. My main reason is that since only "comprise" is needed, "comprise of" is a tautology.
 * The debate (just 'comprise' vs 'comprise of') is very similar to the just 'myriad' vs 'a myriad of' one. (Although "The sky sparkled with a myriad of stars" may not be wrong per se, I think, Why use it as a completely interchangable term with 'multitude' when "myriad" is capable of being used with no article before or preposition after it - i.e. "The sky sparkled with myriad stars"?) To me it just sounds tautological when they're used as if they were the same, when in fact they are different.
 * I know that several (though not all) dictionaries overlook these differences, and I think that's very sad. Anyhow, this is just my take on it. I guess the edit in question qualifies as a stylistic thing about wanting to avoid pleonasms, rather than being about any kind of 'correctness' according to contemporary, non-prescriptive standards.
 * (Oops, forgot to log in!) --  TyrS  chatties  04:11, 7 June 2012 (UTC)

Northern Brazil
An unsourced bit about northern Brazil was added. I killed it, and the edit was reverted. I have updated the source with the quote. There is no mention in the rest of the article of a specific region. I have again removed the text in keeping with wp:NOR, wp:Pillars. If readded, please add a source.User talk:Unfriend12 23:28, 16 June 2012 (UTC)

Military circles in the early modern era
Currently the article says

This is painterly not true. After the English Civil War acts of indemnity were passed. In the case of the final Act of Indemnity of 1660 Paragraph 10 explicitly excludes from a pardon (among other things):

So while killings during the wars if carried out for military reasons were included in the pardon. Rapes of men and women were not. Here is a clear legal case were rape in war was not seen as a crime suitable for a pardon.

I could go into more details, but during the modern era before the 19th century there were clear laws and customs of war and raping civilians was not acceptable under those customs. If you look at the records of the New Model Army Cromwell and other commanders were forever hanging men for what would be considered crimes today such as pillage etc. This was done in part for sound military reasons -- Without discipline an army quickly becomes a rabble that looses its fighting spirit,(see Carpenter 108,109) and wanton destruction of property (and the virtue of women was largely seen as a property issue) is a sure way to get locals to take up arms against you. "Although soldiers occasionally committed murder rape and plunder, such incidents in the New Model Army occured rarely enough to warrent mention in the national press."

Also the sentence completely misunderstand the relationship between the people of a state and the prince who ruled it during the early modern era. If people did not take up arms then they were not considered to be enemies, because they were not seen as part of a state. If one reads the treaties of the day, wars were fought between states not nation states. Regions and peoples could be swapped and exchanged without any input from the local inhabitants of the region. This did not change until the decelerations by the UN during the second world war. See for example the clauses in Final Act of the Congress of Vienna/Act I for another blatant examples of this see Article 1 of the Paris Peace treaty of 1815.

There was of course the tradition if a city of a fortress refused offers of surrender where it was considered acceptable to loot and rape, after the town fell, but that was a specific exception and very different from what the sentence in the article suggests was the norm for the treatment general civilian populations. See for example the fact that it is notable that John Churchill order the burning an pillaging of German villages shortly before the Battle of Blenheim which he did for very specific strategic military reasons.

-- PBS (talk) 18:30, 4 September 2012 (UTC)

Nicholas Kristof
I believe that Nicholas Kristof is a big defender of those who are victims in sexual slavery and has traveled all over the world to get their stories. I feel he should be mentioned as a reference since he does work all around the world and constantly informs the world about this.

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/15/opinion/15kristof.html?ref=sexualslavery&_r=0  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 149.68.243.65 (talk) 13:30, 30 November 2012 (UTC)

 * His bio at the NY Times does not seem to indicate that he is especially known for this work specifically. His article here Nicholas Kristof might be a good place to add sources that SAY he has worked heavily in this effort, rather than covering the news, which while very honorable, is not the same.User talk:Unfriend12 22:21, 30 November 2012 (UTC)

FLDS and "failed verification"
Belchfire has recently deleted sourced and relevant content multiple times, and after I restored it (twice) he added a template to it, without posting an explanation of why he sees the tag as justified on the talk page. I have accessed the source, and as far as I can tell, it fully supports every claim that it is used to make. I will be removing the drive-by tagging around 24 hours from the date of my post here unless further explanation is given as to how it "failed verification." Kevin Gorman (talk) 07:57, 8 December 2012 (UTC)
 * First, you need to explain how you accessed the sources, given that one is a broken link, and the other is an incomplete citation that doesn't appear useful to access much of anything. Perhaps you can provide a quote?  Or at the very least, a better link.
 * Then, you'll need to explain how we can present an "implication" as an encyclopedic fact rather than an unfounded allegation or editorial opinion. But we can save the policy issues for after we've seen whatever it is you claim to be looking at.   Belch fire - TALK  08:10, 8 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Just because the link is dead doesn't mean the article never existed. I retrieved the article through a news archive database that you probably don't have access to unless you have access to an academic library, but the article is also accessible via the public web - just google it.  Your comment disturbs me: it's inappropriate to remove sourced facts from an article simply because you don't have easy and instant online access to the source.  Our sourcing policies require sources to exist, they don't require for them to be easily or freely accessible.  Equally disturbing is your last edit summary - "this claim is not in the sources given" - which implies that you have accessed and read the sources, which you say here you have not.

 * If you can't access a source, then try to get access to it going through somewhere like WP:RX, the talk page of the article, or at least a simple google search before you try to take other steps. Please do not delete sourced information without making an effort to verify the source, it's against our content policies. (If you'd really like, I'll dig out which specific ones it violates.)

 * The Globe and Mail article cited to support the FLDS information completely supports the gist of the paragraph as it stands in the article currently. Here's a snippet of the Globe and Mail article that is currently cited that supports the information in the paragraph: "A weeklong Globe and Mail investigation indicates the trip may have been a ride on a little-known underground railway that takes young girls across the Canada-U.S. border - in both directions - for one purpose: to be assigned as a so-called celestial bride to FLDS men." The rest of the article elaborates more on this brief quote in a way that supports most of the wording currently in the article, such as defining what a celestial bride is - "FLDS men marry their first wife legally; they are united with additional wives only through a "celestial" marriage," and gives further details that absolutely the inclusion of the information currently in the article, if slightly reworded.

 * The paragraph should probably be worded better, but that's true of most paragraphs on Wikipedia. I'll look over the sources in more detail tomorrow, dig up additional sources, and reword and expand the paragraph to be in better compliance with our sourcing policies. I didn't want to bother putting in the effort to do so until you stop deleting sourced content, though.  Assuming you see my point, I'll improve the paragraph tomorrow.

 * The main issues I see with it as it stands are that the implication should be attributed specifically to the Globe and Mail (which is certainly a reliable and notable source for making such a suggestion) and the paragraph should be expanded to include information from other reliable sources dealing with the same set of events. (If enough reliable sources make the same implication in forceful terms, then it may be appropriate to leave the sentence worded as "The FLDS have been implicated in...", and I suspect I'll dig up enough strong sources tomorrow to justify such a wording.) Kevin Gorman (talk) 09:06, 8 December 2012 (UTC)

 * I don't see anything here that fits the description of trafficking or slavery. It may be heinous, but it's not slavery.  So, while you may well be able to remedy the sourcing problem, you're still going to have a relevance problem.  Carry on.   Belch fire - TALK  09:16, 8 December 2012 (UTC)
 * The behavior described in the cited article (have you read it yet, btw?) certainly fits the description of trafficking, and in fact explicitly labels the behavior as trafficking in several places (admittedly, it mostly uses the specific word 'trafficking' in quotes from previous FLDS members.) If you agree to stop deleting sourced, relevant content in this article, I'll be more than happy to expand the paragraph tomorrow.  A quick google shows at least another dozen reliable sources labeling the behavior of the FLDS as sexual trafficking. Kevin Gorman (talk) 09:27, 8 December 2012 (UTC)
 * "Human trafficking is the illegal trade of human beings mainly for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation or forced labor." So, was any money exchanged?  It's a yes-or-no question.  If so, I'll look at your sources.  If not, then it's a false allegation and can't be in the article.  I'm not agreeing to anything.  You need to back up your claims, end of story.   Belch fire - TALK  09:32, 8 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Wait, so just to make sure I'm not misinterpreting the first part of your response - you're now suggesting that we apply our own definition of what sexual trafficking is, instead of accepting that, for the purposes of Wikipedia, what reliable sources label as sexual trafficking is what Wikipedia articles should label as sexual trafficking? I hope I'm misinterpreting you, because if I'm not, your suggestion violates basically every content policy we have.  I'll rephrase my earlier comment: by tomorrow night I will have rewritten this paragraph to adequately reflect the existing sources, and will have added additional reliable sources.  If you continue to remove sourced appropriate content past that point, I will take it to an appropriate forum for relief. Kevin Gorman (talk) 09:42, 8 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Human trafficking is a commercial activity, end of story. That isn't my definition; that's THE definition.  If there was no commercial aspect to the FLDS activity, then it wasn't trafficking, regardless of what any source says.  We're not going to redefine trafficking for your convenience or just because some shrill, POV-pushing news source wanted to gin-up a story.  Keep in mind - sourcing is the threshold for inclusion, not a guarantee.   Belch fire - TALK  09:52, 8 December 2012 (UTC)
 * I take it you have never read WP:NOR, WP:NPOV, or WP:V? You don't get to apply your own definition of sexual trafficking to arbitrarily exclude things that are reported in reliable sources as sexual trafficking.  Like I said previously, I'll rewrite the paragraph at some point tonight to include an accurate and well-sourced description of FLDS activities re: sexual trafficking.  If you remove that paragraph without regard to what the sources say based on your own feelings about how sexual trafficking should be defined, I'll be going to ANI and asking you to be sanctioned for tendentious editing.   Kevin Gorman (talk) 23:51, 8 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Again, that isn't my definition. That's THE definition.  I pulled directly from our own article on the topic. Human trafficking  So, if you want to expand the definition of trafficking, you'll need some sources to support that.   Belch fire - TALK  23:56, 8 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Applying a definition given by a Wikipedia article to exclude information included in reliable sources from an article is a violation of just about every content policy we have. If reliable sources describe FLDS activity as trafficking, then it doesn't matter what Wikipedia's article about human trafficking defines it as. And reliable sources do describe FLDS activity as trafficking - as I've said, I'll be rewriting the entire paragraph at some point tonight to include such sources. If you follow through on your previously indicated intentions (as phrased in your second to last comment,) and choose to exclude reliably sourced information because you don't think the author of the reliable source was using an appropriate definition, you will be editing tendentiously in violation of every content policy we have, and I'll be going to ANI seeking action to prevent you from continuing to do so.  I'm ending my participation on this talk page until I've completed my rewrite of the section, because I don't think continued engagement with you right now can possibly be productive. Kevin Gorman (talk) 00:04, 9 December 2012 (UTC)
 * News sources are not definitive. Slavishly using a source that misstates obvious facts is a violation of NPOV.  The definition from our article that covers the topic directly is derived from an authoritative source.  Again, if you want to expand that definition, you need something more definitive than a news account to back you up.   Belch fire - TALK  00:18, 9 December 2012 (UTC)
 * I agree with Kevin Gorman that it is circular reasoning to use this article's own definition of sexual slavery to define what is and what is not trafficking in sexual slavery as described in the sources. The Wikipedia definition must flex with proven usage. Binksternet (talk) 01:23, 9 December 2012 (UTC)

You're going to have to do a lot better than the Globe and Mail story, because now that I have it in front of me, I can tell you unequivocally that it does NOT support the verbiage in the article. The word "trafficking" appears two times:

Flora Jessop, a former FLDS member who fled at age 16 after she was forced to marry a cousin, said the practice of "trading" young women across the border was akin to international trafficking of young women for sexual purposes.

...and...

''People travel between the FLDS communities in Canada and the U.S. all the time, she said. They get away with it, she said, because "they do not look like they are trafficking.''

It looks to me like this story is saying specifically that the FLDS didn't do any trafficking. We have the statement of one person - who has an ax to grind - who says that what they did was "akin" to trafficking. I'm afraid that isn't going to cut it.  Belch fire - TALK 10:08, 8 December 2012 (UTC)

 * Official source in Canada discusses the problem of trafficking in underage brides for FLDS men:
 * I added more news stories to the paragraph about FLDS trafficking. The US–Mexico border is also involved, per Ms. magazine. Binksternet (talk) 16:47, 8 December 2012 (UTC)

 * False. Your Canadian source does NOT implicate FLDS, and actually draws a distinction between human trafficking and religious polygamy.  While you did come up with some sources that use the word trafficking in relation to FLDS, all you have are allegations.  No indication that they are actually guilty.  It's all suspicion, nothing concrete.  The article needs to reflect that more accurately than it does at present.   Belch fire - TALK  21:59, 8 December 2012 (UTC)

I have just rewritten the paragraph about the FLDS using many sources that explicitly describe their activities as human trafficking, sexual trafficking, and/or sexual slavery. I was using an intranet news archives, so I cannot provide direct links to most of the sources, but direct links to sources are not a requirement of our sourcing policies - it's perfectly okay to use sources that are not freely accessible on the internet. There are many reliable sources talking about these issues in these terms that I did not include, primarily because I didn't want to overwhelm the rest of the content in the article. I think the sourcing in the paragraph now stands up pretty well, although I'm more than open to discussing any problems anyone sees with them. As I mentioned earlier, if this content is simply outright removed because it doesn't match up with someone's conception of what human trafficking is, I will consider it disruptive editing and will take the issue to ANI. Kevin Gorman (talk) 03:55, 9 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Good work. Binksternet (talk) 04:05, 9 December 2012 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Sexual slavery
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Sexual slavery's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "AWF_CW":<ul> <li>From Forced prostitution: .</li> <li>From Comfort women: </li> </ul>

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 22:24, 1 June 2013 (UTC)

South Korean comfort women
If you have any concerns of the section about the South Korean comfort women system, please express them here (as opposed to deleting it!).--Imbored2013 (talk) 21:39, 30 January 2014 (UTC)

 * The section does not have any assertion that the system was a form of sexual slavery, rather than official prostitution. Comparing the South Korean system of the early 1950s to the Japanese one of WWII is not enough. A reliable source must be found that says the South Korean system involved sexual slavery. Binksternet (talk) 23:42, 30 January 2014 (UTC)

If you read the section, the South Korean comfort system included North Korean women who were kidnapped by South Korean agents. That sounds like a form of sexual slavery to me. Also, C. Sarah Soh's book is a very reliable source. Not only is she a professor of anthropology at San Francisco State University, her book (which took her ten years to write) has received Honorable Mention for the Francis L.K. Hsu Book Prize from the Society for East Asian Anthropology. Bruce Cumings, a professor of history at the University of Chicago, and one of the most established historians on Modern Korea in the United States, has also praised Soh's book as "the standard work on the subject." Rather than putting other people's work down as "unreliable," why don't you present to us a work of similar stature (no blogs, please) that counters her representation of the South Korean "special comfort units"? Thanks! --Imbored2013 (talk) 00:16, 31 January 2014 (UTC)
 * See WP:Verifiability and WP:Original research. Unless WP:Reliable sources make it clear (more so specifically state) that it is sexual slavery, we should not state it as such. If you don't provide WP:Reliable sources to support your assertion on this matter, I will revert you, just like Binksternet did here (with this followup edit), here and here during the WP:Edit war that brewed between you two before you were directed to this talk page. Flyer22 (talk) 00:39, 31 January 2014 (UTC)

In her book, on the first page of her prologue, and one pages 71-72, C. Sarah Soh makes it very explicit that her usage of "comfort women" is interchangeable with "sex slaves." At the same time, she also directly writes that during the Korean War, the South Korean military did resort to having agents kidnap North Korean women to fulfill recruitment needs within their "special comfort women units." With these two points, I do not think I have ventured "beyond what is expressed in the sources, or to use them in ways inconsistent with the intention of the source, such as using material out of context." I think that a historical event in which women were kidnapped and forced into prostituting for an enemy military is very pertinent to an article titled "sexual slavery," especially if that article also includes Japanese comfort women (which C. Sarah Soh also makes very explicit the South Korean "comfort women" unit is very similar to). If you want to, we can submit it to the NOR Noticeboard. Thanks!--Imbored2013 (talk) 01:27, 31 January 2014 (UTC)

The section had some problems 71.231.116.243 (talk) 06:56, 6 May 2014 (UTC) Between 1951 and March, 1954, around 180 to 240 Korean women per year are known to have worked in comfort units. The comfort units were situated mostly in Seoul and Gangneung areas, away from the frontline of the war. Kim Kwi-ok seems to be the only academic who did any kind of actual work on the issue, and she presented her finding in Japan of all places where she attracted much attention and support from right-wingers in Japan. We can already see how this issue has heavy political context in relation to the comfort women used by Japan. She admits that it’s unclear how the women from S. Korea were recruited into these stations. We are also unclear on the number of N. Korean women among the women who were in these stations. She claims that some N. Korean women were kidnapped into these stations; however, her finding has not been corroborated by other academics or S. Korean government. In fact, much of Kim Kwi-ok's claim regarding N. Korean women seems to be based on a handful of witness accounts that have not been verified by anybody else.

In addition, a well-known S. Korean newspaper that quotes Kim Kwi-ok’s work and sympathetic to her finding characterizes the women who worked in the comfort stations as professionals with their recruitment being not coercive. The newspaper was the only mainstream media source I could find that talked about Kim Kwi-ok's work in length. Refer to these two article as they both talk about Kim kwi-ok's work: http://www.ohmynews.com/nws_web/view/at_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A0000071510 http://www.ohmynews.com/nws_web/view/at_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A0000067241 Sarah Soh, a U.S.-based academic of better pedigree, simply quotes and uses Kim Kwi-ok’s work and does not seem to have done her own research into the issue. At the end, we basically have a claim of a single academic whose work has not been corroborated by other academics, S. Korean government, or been supported by concrete evidence. In contrast, the comfort women used by Japan and Germany during WWII numbered in tens of thousands or more, and they are far better documented with multiple academics corroborating with near global consensus on the issues.

In light of all this, it seems clear that the inclusion of the comfort women during the Korean War under the section titled Sexual Slavery along with far larger and far better proven cases of comfort women uses by Japan and Germany with near global consensus on their coercive nature is inappropriate at best.

71.231.116.243 (talk) 06:56, 6 May 2014 (UTC)

Women kidnapped to Saudi Harems?
This article claim that Women from Europe are kidnapped to Saudi Arabia, were they are placed in harems and never heard of again: I realize that this can simply be waved of as some sort of islamophobia, and I assume there are no confirmation. However, would this be impossible? As for myself, I do not know the truthfulness of the story, but: thinking of the reason to why this would not be possible, does it not sound more naive than the opposite? I do not know, but how much insight is there to the "harems" mentioned in the article, and how realistic is there that a woman taken there would simply be counted as a disappearance in her home country? If it does indeed happen, is there a reason to why this would be discovered at all? It it realistic that this can actually take place practically? I admit to be somewhat shocked. If it is indeed referenced somehow, it should be included in this article. --85.226.42.87 (talk) 23:08, 4 April 2014 (UTC)

Individual sex slaves
Okay, why aren't the sex slave kidnapped girls like Natalia Kampusch and those Cincinnati girls in here? It can't be that it didn't occur to anyone, but I don't see a discussion here. Verdana ♥ Bøld 07:46, 6 July 2014 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Verdana Bold (talk • contribs)

Male with Male or Female with Male slavery
Is there no data/info on male with male or female (owner) with male (slave)?

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Sexual slavery. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090204041437/http://www.entrepreneur.com:80/tradejournals/article/90192936_2.html to http://www.entrepreneur.com/tradejournals/article/90192936_2.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —<sup style="color:green;font-family:Courier">cyberbot II <sub style="margin-left:-14.9ex;color:green;font-family:Comic Sans MS"> Talk to my owner :Online 00:06, 17 October 2015 (UTC)

Ludicrous
This seems to focus on historical facts rather than current events. Many of the "current" statistics are 10 or 20 years old, and the article doesn't even refer to Human Trafficking!!! Ludicrous. I'll also note that the article does an extremely poor job at explaining what it is about. Sexual slavery is "slavery for the purpose of sexual exploitation." That hardly helps. I haven't bothered to look up an adequate definition, but I'm sure they're out there. As a start, it is being forced (by physical confinement, threat, or control) to engage in actions which serve to sexually arouse/stimulate and/or satisfy others, including engaging in sexual conduct with them or third parties. My major objections are the data is old and it doesn't link to Human Trafficking.173.189.75.206 (talk) 21:05, 6 January 2016 (UTC)

You are aware you can add newer data to it, correct? RJS001 (talk) 05:28, 11 June 2022 (UTC)

Conflating child pornography and child sexual abuse
Child pornography, sometimes referred to as 'child abuse images',[13][14][15] refers to images or films depicting sexually explicit activities involving a child. As such, child pornography is a visual record of child sexual abuse.

Child pornography is a video or image showing a child involved in sexual behavior. This is not always a "visual record of child sexual abuse". For example, a 14 year old girl masturbating video taped in Argintina is completely legal and would not be considered child sexual abuse even though it is child pornography. Another example would be a 13 year old girl who has passed puberty in Nayarit, Mexico video taped having sex with a 44 year old male. This is child pornography but legal and consensual behavior in that state in mexico. All child sexual abuse that is video taped is child pornography but not all child pornography is child sexual abuse. This needs to be made clear in the second sentence, "As such, child pornography is a visual record of child sexual abuse." Notice in the first sentence we state "sometimes referred to as 'child abuse images" because it is not always abuse. Boilingorangejuice (talk) 03:44, 15 March 2016 (UTC)

 * Your change was unnecessary, and so I reverted. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 04:08, 15 March 2016 (UTC)

 * Please explain why you think it was unnecessary instead of blindly making reversions and not being transparent. Thanks. Boilingorangejuice (talk) 03:38, 17 March 2016 (UTC)

 * I already explained when reverting you. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 05:54, 17 March 2016 (UTC)

 * What age do you consider individuals to be children? If it's under 18 then yes in most states children can consent to sex with adults Boilingorangejuice (talk) 19:15, 17 March 2016 (UTC)

That’s still child sexual abuse….just because it’s legal doesn’t make it okayRJS001 (talk) 05:26, 11 June 2022 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 17 external links on Sexual slavery. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.unicri.it/wwd/trafficking/minors/docs/dr_thailand.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120326111520/http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=38872 to http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=38872
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130112211407/http://www.unhchr.ch/huridocda/huridoca.nsf/0/3d25270b5fa3ea998025665f0032f220?OpenDocument to http://www.unhchr.ch/huridocda/huridoca.nsf/0/3d25270b5fa3ea998025665f0032f220?OpenDocument
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.entrepreneur.com/tradejournals/article/90192936_2.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.undp.org.fj/pdf/unp/evaw.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090324104443/http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200703/200703190023.html to http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200703/200703190023.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080511202425/http://www.sfmuseum.net/hist6/evans.html to http://www.sfmuseum.net/hist6/evans.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120629152038/http://english.bnrm.nl/reports/third/index.aspx to http://english.bnrm.nl/reports/third/index.aspx
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120408140041/http://english.bnrm.nl/reports/fourth/index.aspx to http://english.bnrm.nl/reports/fourth/index.aspx
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081002000344/http://www.sp2.upenn.edu/~restes/CSEC_Files/Exec_Sum_020220.pdf to http://www.sp2.upenn.edu/~restes/CSEC_Files/Exec_Sum_020220.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20151226140931/http://www.canada.com/story.html?id=68d7a9d0-e12e-4979-b597-30248b4028d0 to http://www.canada.com/story.html?id=68d7a9d0-e12e-4979-b597-30248b4028d0
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://web.amnesty.org/library/index/engafr540762004
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130228004447/http://archive.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2001/4/23/184354.shtml to http://archive.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2001/4/23/184354.shtml
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.unicri.it/wwd/trafficking/minors/countries.php
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150101063549/http://au.ibtimes.com/articles/569402/20141013/islamic-state-dabiq-magazine-isis-slavery.htm to http://au.ibtimes.com/articles/569402/20141013/islamic-state-dabiq-magazine-isis-slavery.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140925193528/http://lettertobaghdadi.com/index.php to http://lettertobaghdadi.com/index.php
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100515154431/http://www.nepalitimes.com.np/issue/2005/11/11/nation/3892 to http://www.nepalitimes.com.np/issue/2005/11/11/nation/3892

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 04:30, 20 May 2017 (UTC)

Restoration of child pornography and child sex tourism material
Enthusiast01, with this edit (followup edit here), I reverted your removal of the child pornography and child sex tourism sections since various scholarly sources tie both to sexual slavery. The current text does not make this clear, other than the sections existing; so I will remedy this with sources. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 21:12, 28 October 2017 (UTC)

Sourced with this edit. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 00:23, 29 October 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 6 external links on Sexual slavery. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130509232341/http://www.iclklamberg.com/Elements.htm to http://www.iclklamberg.com/Elements.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120625130547/http://www.thepanamanews.com/pn/v_10/issue_07/travel_01.html to http://www.thepanamanews.com/pn/v_10/issue_07/travel_01.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110725220038/http://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/whtslav.htm to http://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/whtslav.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120624061509/http://www.uri.edu/artsci/wms/hughes/india.htm to http://www.uri.edu/artsci/wms/hughes/india.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081216075151/http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/Read.aspx?GUID=%7B32A1A7A6-6D7F-44EE-9A34-4C59EB5CAF59%7D to http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/Read.aspx?GUID=%7B32A1A7A6-6D7F-44EE-9A34-4C59EB5CAF59%7D
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120629151055/http://english.bnrm.nl/search.aspx?simpleSearch=report to http://english.bnrm.nl/search.aspx?simpleSearch=report
 * Added tag to http://www.bka.de/lageberichte/mh.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 19:47, 6 December 2017 (UTC)

Mapuche
I reverted your edit for three reasons: I don't think a source focused on Spanish colonial chronicles is sufficient to establish the notability of Mapuche slavery in an article dealing with sexual slavery all over the world and in all ages. For that, we'd need a secondary source on sexual slavery or at least a history of Latin America in the colonial period. Second, if dealing with a war, questions of NPOV arise. While we can assume that Guzmán is a reliable sources for the four chronicles, we may be sure that those chronicles are not neutral. A statement that both sides engaged in slavery of the enemy population, among other atrocities has to be backed by neutral sources. Finally, the section deals with "white slavery" in Britisch / U.S. perspective. --Rsk6400 (talk) 14:33, 31 January 2021 (UTC)
 * I beg to disagree. Its very tendentious to have "Anglophone" mentioned in the biggining of a section labbeled white slavery, as if white slavery was only historically worthy to discuss from an Anglo-saxon perspectuve. The case of Mapuche sexual slavery of criollo women was shocking to contemporaries, and in the case of Elisa Bravo even attrackting attention from Anglo-Saxon media. See Systemic_bias.
 * You seem to hint at flaws in the study "The captives of the Seven Cities: The captivity of hispanic-creole women during the Arauco's War, from the insight of four chroniclers (17th century)" while you have not even read it. I have, and it is clearly written from a modern perspective taking into account the credibility of Arauco War sources. "a secondary source on sexual slavery" except a few, sources I have used are secondary, commentary seem indicate you have not actually bothered to read them or at least analysed them. If not This covered by the other citations, and I left it without any specific inline citation because I thought that uncontroversial given what is stated next. I will make some minor changes and but back the content. Sietecolores (talk) 02:45, 1 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Maybe I didn't express my thoughts about "white slavery" well: I didn't want to exclude non-anglophone perspectives, I only wanted to say that the Mapuche text didn't fit well in the section.
 * Regarding flaws in Guzmán's study: I didn't claim that. I only doubt the neutrality of Guzmán's sources, and that's not the same as "credibility". I don't doubt that Spanish contemporaries were shocked, but what did Mapuche contemporaries say ? As long as we don't have a secondary source that includes the Mapuche point of view, we cannot claim to comply with NPOV here.
 * That Elisa Bravo attracted international media attention makes her notable enough to have her own article, but we cannot mention each and every case that attracted media attention in this article. That's why I said that we need secondary sources that either focus on sexual slavery in a worldwide perspective or focus on the whole of Latin America. --Rsk6400 (talk) 07:03, 1 February 2021 (UTC)

Requesting inputs for the article lead image
Hi, This is User:Bookku requesting your valuable inputs for the article lead image @ Talk:Sexual slavery in Islam.

 Bookku, 'Encyclopedias = expanding information & knowledge' (talk) 10:31, 15 November 2021 (UTC)

Avoidance of the term rape in discussion of American chattel slavery
I don't have time to look up references for this, but it seems to me that uses of term like 'coercion' or 'use of their positions' is pretty mealy-mouthed in discussion of chattel slavery in the americas. White traders and owners used to frequently rape their female (and sometimes male) slaves, and while this was not always the primary purpose of owning the slave, one imagines that being able to rape freely was considered a big bonus of slavery to these men. Likewise they also 'bred' their slaves, i.e. forced male slaves to rape female slaves, and reproduction through rape was clearly quite a primary reason for ownership of female slaves. Even if women were not held only in order to rape them (though I'm sure a bunch were), it was very systematic, and it seems to me that sexual slavery/rape was a major part of the ecology of chattel slavery in the US. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.97.97.219 (talk) 08:12, 17 April 2022 (UTC)
 * "sexual slavery/rape was a major part of the ecology of chattel slavery in the US" Possibly, but we would need reliable sources which specifically cover this aspect of slavery. Also, your text leaves it unclear whether you are talking about slavery in the Americas or slavery in a single, minor country (the United States). Dimadick (talk) 10:02, 17 April 2022 (UTC)
 * The American section did need sources which I can provide, namely starting off with:
 * Feinstein, R. 2018 "When Rape Was Legal: He U told History of Sexual Violence During Slavery"
 * https://www.google.com/books/edition/When_Rape_was_Legal/hQxpDwAAQBAJ?hl=en
 * https://www.routledge.com/When-Rape-was-Legal-The-Untold-History-of-Sexual-Violence-during-Slavery/Feinstein/p/book/9781138629684
 * Baptist, E., 2001, "Cuffy," "Fancy Maids," and "One-Eyed Men": Rape, Commodification, and the Domestic Slave Trade in the United States"
 * https://gwonline.unc.edu/node/7587
 * Zimmerman, et al (2021), Genetic landscape of Gullah African Americans
 * https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ajpa.24333
 * Note that this entry "...Central Asia (mainly Sogdians)[113] and Central and Eastern Europe (mainly Saqaliba).[114]'''" ... fails to verify and contains an unreliable source (avalanchepress).
 * Coninuing American slavery references, I also propose Graves (2015),  Why the Nonexistence of Biological Races Does Not Mean the Nonexistence of Racism:
 * https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0002764215588810
 * These should be enough for now to get this section started off for now. - Hunan201p (talk) 19:45, 19 September 2022 (UTC)
 * These should be enough for now to get this section started off for now. - Hunan201p (talk) 19:45, 19 September 2022 (UTC)
 * These should be enough for now to get this section started off for now. - Hunan201p (talk) 19:45, 19 September 2022 (UTC)

Crimes against humanity category removal
Crimes against humanity is a specific legal concept. In order to be included in the category, the event (s) must have been prosecuted as a crime against humanity, or at a bare minimum be described as such by most reliable sources. Most of the articles that were formerly in this category did not mention crimes against humanity at all, and the inclusion of the category was purely original research. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 07:49, 14 February 2024 (UTC)

Missing work in bibliography
Bennison2016 (ref 115) is missing in the bibliography which causes a major part of the Slave trade to the Middle East section. I'd urge to find this work so the section is not left unsourced. I am not an expert at this topic but I did find that it could be written by "Amira Bennison". Thank you, Thecowboygilbert  -  (talk) ♥  15:24, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Done!--Aciram (talk) 15:39, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Thank you! Thecowboygilbert  -  (talk) ♥  15:47, 26 February 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Sexual slavery


text:
Stephen Stills

Stephen Arthur Stills (born January 3, 1945) is an American musician, singer, and songwriter best known for his work with Buffalo Springfield, Crosby, Stills & Nash, and Manassas. As both a solo act and member of three successful bands, Stills has combined record sales of over 35 million albums. He was ranked number 28 in Rolling Stone's 2003 list of "The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time" and number 47 in the 2011 list. Stills became the first person to be inducted twice on the same night into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. According to Neil Young, "Stephen is a genius".

Beginning his professional career with Buffalo Springfield, he composed "For What It's Worth," which became one of the most recognizable songs of the 1960s. Other notable songs he contributed to the band were "Sit Down, I Think I Love You", "Bluebird", and "Rock & Roll Woman". According to bandmate Richie Furay, Stills was "the heart and soul of Buffalo Springfield".

After Buffalo Springfield disbanded, Stills began working with David Crosby and Graham Nash as the trio called Crosby, Stills & Nash (CSN). In addition to writing many of the band's songs, Stills played bass, guitar, and keyboards on their debut album. The album sold over four million copies and at that point had outsold anything from the three members' prior bands: the Byrds, Buffalo Springfield, and the Hollies. The album won the trio a Grammy Award for Best New Artist.

Stills' first solo album, Stephen Stills, earned a gold record and is the only album to feature both Jimi Hendrix and Eric Clapton. Its hit single "Love the One You're With" became his biggest solo hit, peaking at number 14 on the Billboard Hot 100. Stills followed this with a string of solo albums, as well as starting a band with Chris Hillman called Manassas in 1972. In summer 1974, Young reunited with CSN after a four-year hiatus for a concert tour that was recorded and released in 2014 as CSNY 1974. It was one of the first stadium tours and the largest tour the band has done to date. CSN reunited in 1977 for their album CSN, which became the trio's best-selling record. CSN and CSNY continued to have platinum albums through the 1980s.

Early years
Stills was born in Dallas, Texas, to Talitha Quintilla Collard (1919-1996) and William Arthur Stills (1915–1986). Raised in a military family, he moved around as a child and developed an interest in blues and folk music. He was also influenced by Latin music after spending his youth in Gainesville and Tampa, Florida, as well as Covington, Louisiana, Costa Rica, the Panama Canal Zone, and El Salvador. Stills attended Admiral Farragut Academy in St. Petersburg, Florida and Saint Leo College Preparatory School in Saint Leo, Florida, before graduating from Lincoln High School in Costa Rica. He has sisters Talitha and Hannah.

When he was nine years old, he was diagnosed with partial hearing loss in one ear. The hearing loss increased as he got older.

Stills dropped out of Louisiana State University in the early 1960s. He played in a series of bands, including the Continentals, which then featured future Eagles guitarist Don Felder. Stills also sang as a solo artist at Gerde's Folk City, a well-known coffeehouse in Greenwich Village. Stills eventually ended up in a nine-member vocal harmony ensemble, the house act at the famous Cafe au Go Go in New York City, called the Au Go Go Singers, which included his future Buffalo Springfield bandmate Richie Furay. This ensemble did some touring in the Catskills and in the South, released one album in 1964, and then broke up in 1965. Afterwards, Stills formed a folk-rock band called the Company with four other former members of the Au Go Go Singers. The Company embarked on a six-week tour of Canada, where Stills met guitarist Neil Young. On the VH1 CSNY Legends special, Stills said that Young was doing what he always wanted to do, "play folk music in a rock band." The Company broke up in New York within four months; Stills did session work and went to various auditions. In 1966 he convinced a reluctant Furay, then living in Massachusetts, to move with him to California.

Buffalo Springfield and Super Session (1966–1968)
Stills, Furay, and Young reunited in Los Angeles and formed the core of Buffalo Springfield. Legend has it that Stills and Furay recognized Young's converted hearse and flagged him down, a meeting described in a recent solo track "Round the Bend". Buffalo Springfield performed a mixture of folk, country, psychedelia, and rock. Its sound was lent a hard edge by the twin lead guitars of Stills and Young, and that combination helped make Buffalo Springfield a critical success. The band's first record Buffalo Springfield (1966) sold well after Stills's topical song "For What It's Worth" became a top ten hit, reaching No. 7 on the US charts. According to Rolling Stone, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and other sources, Buffalo Springfield helped create the genres of folk rock and country rock. Distrust of their management along with the arrest and deportation of bassist Bruce Palmer worsened the already strained relations among the group members and led to Buffalo Springfield's demise. A second album, Buffalo Springfield Again, was released in late 1967 and featured Stills songs "Bluebird" and "Rock And Roll Woman". In May 1968, the band split up for good, but contractual obligations required the recording and release of a final studio album, Last Time Around. The album was primarily composed of tracks recorded earlier that year. A Stills song from their debut album, "Sit Down, I Think I Love You," was a minor hit for The Mojo Men in 1967.

After the disintegration of Buffalo Springfield, Stills played on half of the Super Session album with Al Kooper in 1968, including a cover of Donovan's "Season of the Witch" that received heavy radio play on progressive FM radio formats. Mike Bloomfield was slated to play on the album but failed to turn up for the second day of recording. The album sold well and charted at No. 12 on the US charts while being certified Gold in December 1970.

Joni Mitchell (1968–1972)
As a session musician, Stills featured on various albums recorded by fellow artist Joni Mitchell. He was invited by David Crosby to play on Mitchell's 1968 debut album Song to a Seagull, on the track "Night in the City". Throughout the years from 1968–1972, Stills played on a variety of Mitchell's studio albums such as Song to a Seagull, Clouds, Ladies of the Canyon, Blue, and For the Roses. Mitchell used his bass playing for songs like "Carey". Mitchell: "That's Stephen [Stills] on that one right? I like his bass playing on that track! I tried various bass players, and I usually took them off the tracks. They weighed things down, made it plodding, and didn't make it swing." Stills himself recalled clearly "understanding the underpinning in all those weird tunings."

Stills was an influence on Mitchell's dulcimer sound, since she first discovered the instrument at Big Sur in 1969. Mitchell had observed Stills' aggressive, rhythmic style and transformed it into a unique rawness. She embraced her new sound, which can be heard on the 1970 album Blue. In 1972, Stills was credited as the rock 'n' roll band in "Blonde in the Bleachers". His multi-musicianship and knowledge can be seen in these guest appearances on her albums. Stills infamous rendition of Mitchell's "Woodstock" was incredible, transforming her song into an electric, rock 'n' roll song.

Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young (1969–1970)
In late 1968, Stills joined forces with David Crosby (late of The Byrds) and Graham Nash (late of The Hollies) to form Crosby, Stills & Nash. Several of Stills's songs on the group's debut album, including "Suite: Judy Blue Eyes" and "You Don't Have to Cry", were inspired by his on-again off-again relationship with singer Judy Collins. The album reached No. 6 on the US charts and was certified quadruple platinum.

Stills dominated the recording of the album. Crosby and Nash played guitar on their own songs respectively, while drummer Dallas Taylor played on four tracks and drummer Jim Gordon on a fifth. Stills played all the bass, organ, and lead guitar parts, as well as acoustic guitar on his own songs. "The other guys won't be offended when I say that one was my baby, and I kind of had the tracks in my head," Stills said.

Wanting to tour and needing additional musicians to fill out their sound, the band invited former Buffalo Springfield member Neil Young to join them for their first tour and second album to make the group the quartet Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young (initialized as CSN&Y). The first tour started in August 1969 and finished in January 1970, followed by the recording their debut album as a quartet, Déjà Vu (1970). The foursome quarrelled frequently throughout the recording sessions, in particular Stills and Young, who both fought for control. Stills composed the songs "Carry On" and "4 + 20" and co-wrote "Everybody I Love You" with Young. He also brought his version of Joni Mitchell's song "Woodstock" for the band to cover. The album reached No. 1 on the US charts and was certified 7 times platinum there, selling over 8 million copies.

In May 1970, CSN&Y recorded Young's "Ohio" following the Kent State massacre on May 4. The single's B-side was Stills's "Find the Cost Of Freedom". The single was rush released by Atlantic Records at the same subsequent time as the group's "Teach Your Children" was climbing the charts. After an extended second tour finishing in July 1970, the band split up acrimoniously. Stills moved to England and started recording his debut solo album.

In April 1971, CSN&Y released 4 Way Street, a double live album recorded in 1970. The album reached No. 1 in 1971 on the US charts and was certified quadruple platinum in the US.

Having played at the Monterey Pop Festival with Buffalo Springfield and both Woodstock and Altamont with CSN&Y, Stills (along with Crosby) performed at three of the most iconic U.S. rock festivals of the 1960s. During CSN&Y's set at Altamont Free Concert, Stills was reported to have been repeatedly stabbed in the leg by a "stoned-out" Hells Angel, with a sharpened bicycle spoke. At the band's request, their performance was not included in the subsequent film Gimme Shelter (1970).

Peak solo years (1970–71)
In the wake of CSNY's success, all four members recorded high-profile solo albums. In 1970, Stills released his eponymous solo debut album featuring guests Eric Clapton, Jimi Hendrix, Cass Elliot, Booker T Jones and Ringo Starr (credited only as "Richie") as well as Crosby, Nash, Rita Coolidge and CSN&Y drummers Dallas Taylor and Johnny Barbata. It provided Stills with the US No. 14 hit single "Love the One You're With.", and another US top 40 hit "Sit Yourself Down", peaking at No. 37. The album peaked at No. 3 on the US charts, a solo career peak. At the time of release, Stills's album was the highest selling solo album out of the four. It was recorded in the UK, where Stills bought a mansion in Surrey, England, previously owned by Starr. To promote the album, Stills appeared on the BBC television show Disco 2 in January 1971.

The 1970 album cover was shot by photographer Henry Diltz in Colorado, in the early hours of the morning after the death of Jimi Hendrix. Hendrix's untimely death affected Stills immensely. Ever since being first introduced to Hendrix at the Monterey Pop Festival in 1967, Stills was inspired by the guitarist and had befriended him. In 1969, Stills was invited to temporarily join the Jimi Hendrix Experience on tour as their bass player, but was held up by previous commitments with CSN&Y. His biggest regret was not making a full album with Hendrix. In early 1971, on the French music show Pop 2, Stills talked about the influence that Hendrix had on him as a person and a musician:

"Jimi [Hendrix] probably had more effect on my music than anybody else. He defined the modernization of the old country blues, as played by Blind Willie Johnson, Robert Johnson, and Blind Lemon Jefferson and all those little dudes, y’know. Since I met Lightnin' Hopkins in 1961, he was the first musician that got me off that hard, he tore my brains out, y’know. I really enjoyed the honour of being able to have him come to my record; to my studio, to my family, to my rhythm section, to my track, y’know. And when Jimi plays guitar, I get really knocked out, it’s truly the best—and it broke my heart when he died. And he brought me to a place where I really decided that rock ‘n’ roll, as we know it right now, has got to change and I want to try help it change."

- Stephen Stills

Stills followed this first album with his second solo album, Stephen Stills 2, six months later. Recorded in Miami, the album included the singles "Change Partners" and "Marianne", which Nos. 43 and 42 in the US. The album itself reached No. 8 on the charts and was certified US Gold a month after release. Even though "Change Partners" was written before CSN formed, Nash saw it as a metaphor for the many relationships in CSN&Y. Stills initially recorded 23 songs and hoped to release them as a double album; this was ultimately rejected by Atlantic. Stills embarked on his first solo US tour with an eight-piece band including the Memphis Horns, in which he sold out Madison Square Garden, The Philadelphia Spectrum, LA Forum and the Boston Garden, arguably at his solo commercial peak. Stills's performance at Madison Square Garden occurred one day prior to George Harrison's Concert For Bangladesh. Stills donated his stage, sound, lighting system and production manager in kind, but was later upset when Harrison "neglected to invite him to perform, mention his name, or say thank you". Stills then spent the show drunk in Ringo Starr's dressing room, "barking at everyone". Stills's Madison Square Garden show was professionally recorded and remains unreleased, sans a clip of "Go Back Home" performed in early 1972 on The Old Grey Whistle Test. Two additional acoustic tracks were released on Stills 2013 box set Carry On.

In 1971, Billboard magazine ranked him at No. 34 top singles artist, No. 44 top album artist, No. 14 top singles male vocalist, No. 12 top new singles vocalist, No. 17 top album male vocalists, No. 14 top new album artist, number 73 top producers, and ranked his debut album number 70 in the year end album charts. Additionally, Cashbox ranked Stephen Stills 2 as the No. 51 album of 1971, and his debut as No. 52.

Manassas (1971–1973)
In late 1971, Stills teamed up with ex-Byrd Chris Hillman to form the band Manassas. Their self-titled double album was a mixture of rock, country, blues, bluegrass and Latin music divided into different sections and peaked at number 4 in the US. It was certified US Gold a month after release but did not yield any more top 40 hits, only "It Doesn't Matter" reached 61 on the US charts. Stills spent the majority of 1972 playing live with Manassas on a world tour, which included headlining festivals in Australia, playing more arenas in the US including the Nassau Coliseum, and the Boston Garden. His concert at The Rainbow Theatre in London was recorded for a BBC TV special titled Stephen Stills Manassas: In Concert. He moved to Boulder, Colorado after this world tour finished and in March 1973 married French singer-songwriter Véronique Sanson in London, after having met while at a Manassas gig in France, 1972. In early 1972, Stills appeared in a UK documentary about himself called Sounding Out. Cashbox magazine ranked Stills as the number 52 top male vocalist of 1972. Billboard ranked Manassas as the number 53 album of 1972, and Stills as the number 75 album artist.

All of Stills' albums after Buffalo Springfield had gone either gold or platinum; the Manassas follow-up album the next year Down the Road was his first LP that did not, but still managed to reach 26 in the US charts. It was recorded less than a year after the debut double album, and encountered some issues with recording and not having enough Stills songs on the album. Also Atlantic were pushing for a far more commercially viable CSNY reunion. Which in June and July 1973, between the two 1973 Manassas tours at the start and end of the year, happened in Maui. As CSNY attempted to record an album tentatively called Human Highway. This album was never finished due to infighting. But after one final 1973 Manassas tour, during which CSN and CSNY reunited during the acoustic sections both at Winterland Arena concerts, a reunion was in the cards, and Manassas was over. Stills then sold his Surrey home and relocated to Colorado. The last date of the first 1973 Manassas tour was recorded for ABC In Concert. Cashbox magazine ranked Manassas as the number 58 group of 1973. Billboard ranked Down The Road as the number 36 of new album artists.

In 1972/73, Stills left the services of David Geffen and set up his own publishing company with Ken Weiss, called Gold Hill Publishing, named after his home in Boulder, Colorado.

Solo and CSNY tours (1974)
Stills spent early 1974 on a sold out East coast tour where he played well respected theatres, including Carnegie Hall. The 1975 live album Stephen Stills Live was made up of recordings from this tour. It was also during this tour that Stills announced the 1974 CSNY reunion concert tour. The CSNY reunion tour sold out shows through July and August in both the US and the UK, with an average concert attendance of 80,000. Due to poor management, the tour made little money for the group, but album sales saw a boost: the CSNY compilation album So Far reached number 1 in the US and sold 6 million copies. After another aborted attempt at recording a CSNY album after the tour, Stills signed with Columbia Records in late 1974. In 1973–1974, Stills was recording another solo album called As I Come Of Age, which was put aside for the CSNY reunion tour. Many songs were used for the 1975 Stills album. In 1974, Stills played bass on, and helped mix his wife's record Le Maudit. He also played bass for her at two concerts in Paris in October 1974.

Signing to Columbia Records and The Stills Young Band (1975–1976)
Stills signed to Columbia Records for three albums: Stills in 1975, Illegal Stills in 1976; and Thoroughfare Gap in 1978. Stills released in June 1975, was the highest-charting release of the three at number 22 on the US charts, and also the most critically successful of the three. Stills then spent the rest of year touring the US, doing a summer and winter tour playing to 10,000 seat arenas, including the LA Forum, and Red Rocks Amphitheatre. Stills played an acoustic set at the Bob Dylan-organised Night of the Hurricane Benefit at the Houston Astrodome in January 1976. He next released Illegal Stills in May 1976, which reached number 31 on the US charts, but was not critically well received, nor produced any charting singles. Around this time Stills played percussion on the Bee Gees' song "You Should Be Dancing" and wrote an unreleased song with Barry Gibb. In retrospect Stills has commented on his mid-70s solo period saying he "short-circuited for a while, things were moving too fast. I got a little crazed. Too much drinking, too many drugs. What can I say." Cashbox magazine ranked Stills as the number 29 top male vocalist of 1975.

In 1976 after the release of Illegal Stills, Stills attempted a reunion with Neil Young. At one point, Long May You Run was slated to be a CSNY record, but when Crosby and Nash left to fulfill recording and touring obligations, they returned to find the other pair had wiped their vocals from the recordings, as Stills and Young decided to go on without them as the Stills-Young Band. However, Young would leave midway through the resulting tour due to an apparent throat infection. Stills was contractually bound to finish the tour, which he did for three dates before it was cancelled with Chris Hillman helping him, but upon returning home, his wife announced she wanted a divorce and wished to move back to France, although they temporarily reunited.

Stills went out on tour in November 1976 as a three-piece: Stills on guitar, vocals, and piano; George Perry on bass; and Joe Vitale on drums. He reunited with Crosby and Nash shortly afterwards, thanks to the efforts of Nash's future wife Susan, who got Nash to forgive Stills for wiping the Crosby and Nash vocals from Long May You Run. Not before Atlantic Records released a compilation album from Stills first two solo albums, and the two Manassas albums in December 1976 called Still Stills: The Best Of Stephen Stills. Cashbox magazine ranked Stills at number 27 for the top male vocalist of 1976, and Stills and Young as the number 6 duo, number 3 new duo, and number 20 best new artist of 1976. Stills, as Gold Hill Publishing, was having hits publishing for the band Firefall and Joey Stec during this time, so much so that Billboard ranked him as the number 97 publisher of 1976.

CSN reunion and solo years (1977–1979)
Stills's performances with Crosby and Nash in late 1976 and early 1977 led to the permanent reunion of Crosby, Stills, and Nash. They released the CSN album in 1977 and unsuccessfully attempted another album in 1978. The band toured major arenas including Madison Square Garden and the LA Forum in 1977 and 1978, and during the 1977 tour they visited President Jimmy Carter in the White House. Stills released his final album on Columbia Records entitled Thoroughfare Gap in October 1978. It was comparatively unsuccessful and reached number 84 on the US charts. In 1977 and 1978, Stills played only one solo engagement, at the Bread and Roses Festival in 1978.

After a four-day residency at the Roxy in January 1979 with original CSN bandmate Dallas Taylor on drums, Stills spent most of 1979 on tour in the US playing with his California Blues Band. One of these dates in early 1979 included a trip to Cuba to participate in the Havana Jam festival that took place between March 2 and 4, alongside Weather Report, the Trio of Doom, Fania All-Stars, Billy Swan, Bonnie Bramlett, Mike Finnigan, Kris Kristofferson, Rita Coolidge and Billy Joel, as well as an array of Cuban artists such as Irakere, with whom he toured the US after the Havana concerts. His performance is captured on Ernesto Juan Castellanos's documentary Havana Jam '79.

In 1979, Stills recorded one of the first entirely digital albums; however, it remains unreleased, as the record company did not feel it was commercial enough. The songs recorded for this album include "Spanish Suite" and "Cuba al Fin" and the 1982 CSN hit "Southern Cross". The album was produced by Barry Beckett and was slated for release in 1979 or 1980.

CSN played only two dates in 1979, both at Madison Square Garden for Musicians United for Safe Energy. Their performance was released on The Muse Concerts for a Non-Nuclear Future.

In 1979, Stills's wife filed for divorce, which was finalized on July 12, 1980.

1980s
After playing some European dates in 1980, and with Graham Nash joining him for the German dates supporting Angelo Branduardi, Stills and Nash decided to record a duo album together. The record company refused to release this album without David Crosby, so they added him and CSN's Daylight Again was released in 1982, reaching number 8 in the US and was certified Platinum. The album featured the Stills-written top twenty hit "Southern Cross". In 1983, the CSN live album Allies, was released featuring Stills's number 45 hit song "War Games". CSN toured yearly from 1982 to 1989, except during 1986, due to David Crosby's prison sentence.

In 1984, Stills released his first solo album in six years, Right by You on Atlantic Records. This would be the final Stills album to make the Billboard 200 album chart and featured Jimmy Page on guitar. It was his last solo release on a major label.

In 1985 CSN and CSNY played Live Aid.

In 1988, CSNY reunited for the album American Dream, which reached number 12 on the US charts and was certified platinum in the US. However no tour was taken in support of the album.

1990s
In 1990, CSN released the album Live It Up, their first not to be certified in the US since their debut.

Stills toured with CSN, in 1990, 1994, 1996, 1997 and 1999.

Having spent most of 1990 playing acoustic with CSN and solo he released the solo album Stills Alone in 1991, with the aim of releasing a solo electric album in 1992. However this solo electric album was never released.

In 1994, CSN released the album After the Storm.

From 1993 to 1995, Stills part owned a restaurant in New Orleans, called Toucan Du. He married his third wife, Kristen Hathaway, on May 27, 1996.

In 1997, Stills became the first person to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice on the same night for his work with CSN and Buffalo Springfield. Fender Guitars Custom Shop crafted a guitar and presented it to Stills to commemorate the occasion, a Telecaster 1953 reissue guitar serial R2674 bearing an inscription on the neck plate; "Stephen Stills R & R Hall of Fame May 6, 1997 "

In 1999, CSNY reunited to release the album Looking Forward; it reached number 26 on the US charts. Stills co-wrote (with Joe Vitale) "Faith in Me," which was recorded in Ga Ga's Room in Los Angeles, and which he also sang. He also wrote and sang "Seen Enough," recorded at Conway Recording Studios in Hollywood, and "No Tears Left," which was recorded with many other album tracks at Neil Young's facility, Redwood Digital, in Woodside, California. Looking Forward was the eighth and final studio album by Crosby, Stills & Nash, and their third and final with Neil Young.

2000s
This CSNY reunion resulted in CSNY reunion tours 2000 CSNY2K, 2002 and 2006 reunion tours, their first since 1974. The CSNY2K tour of the United States and Canada with the reformed super quartet earned US$42.1 million, making it the eighth largest grossing tour of 2000. The 2006 CSNY tour was the Freedom Of Speech tour, which was released on the album Deja Vu Live.. Stills also toured with CSN in 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008 and 2009. The 2005 tour supported their Gold certified album Greatest Hits, their 2009 tour supported the CSN demos album Demos.

2005 saw Stills release Man Alive!, his first solo offering in 14 years. Man Alive! was released on the small English independent folk rock label Talking Elephant, and was not widely reviewed. The record did not chart on either side of the Atlantic, and was received lukewarmly by the few critics who did review it. It featured songs dating from the 1970s to the present, including "Spanish Suite", originally recorded in the late 70s with Herbie Hancock.

Throughout 2006 and 2007, Stills toured regularly as a solo artist with "the Quartet", which consisted of drummer Joe Vitale, either Mike Finnigan or session player Todd Caldwell on keyboards, and either Kevin McCormick or Kenny Passarelli on bass. On May 28, 2007, Stills sang the national anthem for Game 1 of the 2007 Stanley Cup Finals between the Anaheim Ducks and Ottawa Senators in Anaheim, California. On December 17, 2007, Graham Nash revealed on Larry King Live that Stills had been diagnosed with early stage prostate cancer and that his operation would take place on January 3, 2008, which is Stills's birthday. Stills said later in January 2008 that he had come through the operation with "flying colors."

In 2007 he released Just Roll Tape, a recently found tape of Stills singing demos of his unreleased songs in 1968 after the breakup of the Buffalo Springfield, during the last hour of a Judy Collins session.

Stills toured Europe as a solo artist for the first time during October 2008, resulted in the release of the 2009 live album and video Live At Shepherds Bush, recorded in London, England.

Also in 2009, he released his second archival release Pieces by Manassas, a selection of alternate takes and unreleased songs of Stills band recorded between 1971 and 1973. This was supposed to be the start in a series of archival releases, however none have appeared since.

Later years
Stills toured with CSN in 2010, 2012, 2014, 2015. The 2012 tour resulted in the release CSN 2012.

In 2011, Stills contributed a song, "Low Barefoot Tolerance," to the soundtrack of a documentary produced by J. Ralph, Wretches & Jabberers.

Also in 2010, Stills reunited with Neil Young and Richie Furay to reform Buffalo Springfield with Young for the Bridge School Benefit 2010. The band also played bonnaroo in 2011. This was supposed to be followed by a full tour in 2012 but this never materialized.

On August 27, 2013, Stills released the album, Can't Get Enough with Kenny Wayne Shepherd and Barry Goldberg as the blues band the Rides. The band toured to support this release in 2013. They released a follow-up album called Pierced Arrow in 2016, this was followed by another tour to support this release in 2016 and 2017.

On August 12, 2014, Watsky released the album All You Can Do, featuring a song with Stills, "Cannonball".

In 2016, CSN split up after over 30 years together, and in December 2016 Stills independently released a song called "Look Each Other in the Eye" on SoundCloud.

On September 22, 2017, Stills and Judy Collins released an album Everybody Knows, which entered the Billboard 200 chart at number 195 and peaked at 45. It was their first joint album and was followed by a 2017-2018 tour supporting the album.

In April 2021, Stills gave an interview indicating that he was retired. Since the pandemic, Stills returned to guest with Brandi Carlile at a tribute concert honoring Joni Mitchell, his first public performance since a benefit in December 2018. In February 2023, Stills announced his co-headlining appearance with Neil Young at a Light Up the Blues event, due to take place in April.

Relationship with Judy Collins
Stills was involved with musician Judy Collins, from 1968 to 1969. Their brief relationship inspired a lifetime of songs and material. During his Buffalo Springfield years, he wrote the songs "Bluebird", and "Questions"—equally about Collins and meeting Clapton at Whisky a Go-Go. Stills was a guitarist and session musician for Collins, appearing on her 1968 album Who Knows Where the Time Goes and was credited as "Steven Stills". It was during these sessions, that he also recorded his demo album, Just Roll Tape on April 28, 1968 (finally released in 2007). The songs "Change Partners", "So Begins the Task", "Judy", "Helplessly Hoping" and "Suite: Judy Blue Eyes" were originally recorded as demos, with only a stripped-back acoustic guitar and his wavering voice.

In 1969, Stills infamously released the song "Suite: Judy Blue Eyes", written in an attempt to win back her love and even mentioned her therapy sessions. Collins: "My centre was in New York and his in LA. He hated New York and he hated therapy. And I was in both." In the early 1970s, heartbroken, Stills recorded "So Begins the Task", and "Bluebird Revisited"—an updated version of his Buffalo Springfield song. Stills and Collins communicated in bird metaphors, the imagery often appearing in their songs about each other.

In 2017, Stills and Collins reunited and released an album together entitled Everybody Knows.

Other relationships
He dated actress and singer-songwriter Nancy Priddy, who was the inspiration for the Buffalo Springfield song "Pretty Girl Why". Stills also had a short-term relationship with Rita Coolidge, as had Graham Nash, which apparently led to the initial breakup of CSNY, in 1970.

Marriages and family
During a Manassas tour in France, Stills met his first wife, French singer-songwriter Véronique Sanson. They were married on March 14, 1973. Their son Chris Stills was born in 1974. They divorced in 1979. In 1988, he married American model Pamela Ann Jordan, with whom he had a daughter, Eleanor. His third wife is Kristen Hathaway, whom he married on May 27, 1996.

Stills' son Justin Stills was born in 1972 to Harriet Tunis. Justin was critically injured while snowboarding on Mt. Charleston, just outside Las Vegas, in 1997. An episode of Discovery Health's documentary series Trauma: Life in the ER featured his treatment and recovery. Another son, Henry, has been diagnosed with Asperger syndrome and is profiled in the 2007 documentary Autism: The Musical. Stills' daughter Eleanor is a photographer and graduate of Art Center College of Design in Pasadena. Since Eleanor's graduation, she has been responsible for all recent Crosby, Stills & Nash photography. Stills has another daughter, Alex, who attends Emerson College in Boston and currently plays in the rock band Stilljill. His son Chris and daughter Jennifer are both recording artists. His youngest son, Oliver Ragland, was born in 2004 and named in honor of Neil Young, whose maternal family name is Ragland.

Politics
Stills has long been involved in liberal causes and politics. In 2000, he served as a member of the Democratic Party credentials committee from Florida during the Democratic National Convention, and was a delegate in previous years. Stills performed with Billy Porter during the 2020 Democratic National Convention.

In December 2018, Stills received an Honorary Doctorate in Music from the University of Florida, Gainesville, where he was a speaker at the commencement ceremony.

Health
In 1976, Stills told Rolling Stone, "My hearing has gotten to be a terrible problem. If I keep playing and touring the way I have been, I'll go deaf."

Style, musicianship, and sound
Stills is a guitarist whose music draws from myriad genres that include rock and roll, blues, gospel, country and folk music. In addition, Latin music has played a key role in both his approach to percussion and guitar and he is also a multi-instrumentalist, capable of playing keyboards, bass, percussion, congas, clavinet, electric piano, piano, organ, banjo and drums.

Stills experimented with the guitar itself, including soaking strings in barbecue sauce or flipping pickups to mimic Hendrix playing a right-handed guitar left-handed. He is also known for using alternate guitar tunings, particularly when performing acoustically. Often a long acoustic solo section of the show would showcase agile fingerstyle playing in standard and altered tunings. His primary alternate tuning is usually D A D F♯ A D, or "Palmer modal tuning which is 'E E E E B E' ", which can be heard in "Suite: Judy Blue Eyes," "Carry On," and "4 + 20."

For the CSN debut album in 1969, Graham Nash commented that "Stephen had a vision, and David and I let him run with it." Stills played every instrumental part on Crosby, Stills and Nash with the exception of some guitar by Crosby and Nash, and drums by Dallas Taylor.

Discography

 * See also discographies for The Au Go Go Singers, Buffalo Springfield, Crosby Stills Nash & Young.

Tours

 * Memphis Horns Tour 1971
 * Manassas World Tour 1972
 * Manassas North American Tour 1973
 * 1974 Theater Tour
 * 1975 Tour
 * The Stills-Young Band Tour
 * 1976 Tour
 * 1979 California Blues Band Tour

title: Stephen Stills


text:
Talk:Langlands program

Langlands' original program was much wider than this in scope, regardless of what's left of it today. Also the first sentence is not correct in that 'group' is singular...?

Langlands also intended to have impact beyond mathematical proofs on mathematical practice, according to some sources, e.g. Simon Singh, that's reflected in the deleted text. AxelBoldt is again out of bounds.

Where is the statement by Langlands himself?

 * Langlands' original program was much wider than this in scope, regardless of what's left of it today.

Please provide the relevant citation so that we can check this claim. AxelBoldt 23:09 Jan 24, 2003 (UTC)

I think this article needs a section on the geometric Langlands program. I don't quite know enough about it yet to write it myself, however. Etale 09:44, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

 * What this article really needs is more down-to-earth description of some of the original conjectures. It may not be accessible to high school students, but at least, there should be some desription (and yes, it's possible to accomplish!) that will make sense to general scientifically minded audience, not just people with Ph.D. in Langlands program, geometric or not. 129.15.11.123 02:34, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm sympathetic with the last comment. Everyone who writes encyclopedia articles should try to make them as accessible as possible.

 * However, the authors should be cut some slack, especially in this case. Some things on the cutting edge of research simply can't be explained well to a general audience.  To explain something well you need to understand it well, and in this case we don't — that's what puts it on the cutting edge.  The Langlands Program is notorious for being hard to explain to non-experts.  Perhaps only 1% or so of professional, university-employed, research mathematicians have a decent grasp of what it is.  158.109.1.15 (talk) 02:45, 2 February 2008 (UTC)

 * That could well be true, but psychology teaches us that when we've bit off more than we can chew, to step back and reframe from a larger perspective. I liken this to the whole "Not Even Wrong" debate concerning the string theory "landscape" program.  The argument over much of the last century for funding physics at this level was that experiment informed theory and the end result ("The standard Model") was at least suggestive of potential application.  Research into "The Landscape" departs from this original social contract.  It might be that society wishes to continue funding this, or perhaps not.  If society does continue to fund this, it won't be for the same reasons that governed physics for most of the last century.  This needs to be debated, yet many involved in Landscape research seem to resent the intrusion.  Presumably with the Langlands program, elite universities are funding very smart people to invest their energies in this.  What would success, if achieved, look like?  What would it accomplish for society?  What would it accomplish within the discipline of mathematics?  It might be that there is only at present a hint or a hope that some deep result materializes.  Fair enough, but not immune to explanation, no matter how abstruse the theory itself. MaxEnt (talk) 10:06, 16 March 2008 (UTC)

 * The Langlands program basically sets out to parametrize an interesting and important subset of the set of representations of reductive algebraic groups (such as the general linear groups, unitary groups, E₈, etc) over arithmetically interesting rings (the adele ring of an algebraic number field or a global function field, or a local field), and to describe relations between these parametrizations arising from relations between groups. Success would be just that. Beyond the questions answered in representation theory, this would have a huge impact on number theory as the parametrizing set is formed of things that are pretty much Galois representations. A successful program would allow for translations between two different subjects in math which allows to use results from both. The Langlands program is not at all what string theory is. Mathematicians don't just do a bunch of research "in the Langlands program", rather they study things that are already interesting to them, but use the insight that Langlands had as hints at what should be true, and for what reason it should be true. Examples include Fermat's last theorem and the Sato-Tate conjecture and more, i.e. several deep results have already materialized. On a more constructive note, this article would probably be better if the conjecture was explained in terms of parametrizations by L-parameters. Though L-parameters aren't that transparent either, the statement of the program could be made more understandable. This is on a long list of mine. RobHar (talk) 18:53, 7 December 2008 (UTC)

 * I don't know if anyone is still following this thread, but I just wanted to say that I think the comparison to string theory is unfair, both to the Langlands program and to string theory. These are both well motivated research programs which have achieved many concrete successes. The "landscape" business that MaxEnt mentions accounts for hardly any of the current research in string theory, most of which deals with rather concrete mathematical problems in quantum field theory.

 * I also wanted to say that there are some very interesting connections between the Langlands program and mathematical physics which the article ought to mention. For example, Anton Kapustin and Edward Witten have shown that the geometric Langlands correspondence can be understood in terms of S-duality in four-dimensional supersymmetric gauge theory, and there are older connections between the Langlands program and two-dimensional conformal field theory. Both of these topics are closely related to string theory, by the way.

 * Since these topics are all related to the geometric Langlands program, I was thinking we should have a separate article on the geometric program. Does anyone know how to do that? At the moment, the phrase "Geometric Langlands correspondence" redirects to a section of this article… Polytope24 (talk) 05:43, 27 August 2013 (UTC)

Proof vs. conjecture - "Love and math" book/physics
I'm not expert, but should the article say proof[en] [somewhere]?

Note: Langlands conjectures now redirect to Langlands program, while the former term is still uses (as sometime in math even when proven).

I'm reading "Love and math"-book (almost finished), and while I do not understand all of it (but do understand implications for string theory, and that the math might be sound just not as physics..(?) while not what the book says, on the contrary).

Googling now (as I do not have the book with me I find "Langlands correspondence implies" but also "proof", that I do not understand..:

"To summarize and complete, it is important to remember that in the case of number fields the correspondence between Galois representations and certain automorphic representations (the ones which are algebraic at infinity in the case of number fields) is only a part of the Langlands program, essentially because it concerns just certain automorphic representations, and Langlands functoriality is about all of them. [..] We can also do this for other groups (unitary, orthogonal, symplectic) but that gives no new Galois representations so I don't dwell on it (though in the proof, we need to do the case of these groups before going to GLn)." and ,

Hopefully, my recent edits (not in this page or it's talk) are correct, but if this is only a conjecture (or correspondence?) it might be premature. I would really like to know if something has been proven (I recall the book said that), and the implications (for at least physics – there might be none – only in math).

[Note: I also just recently finished Lee Smolin's Time Reborn (much more understandable, without being "proofs") that seems to be the way forward for physics and possibly "contradicting" (might be compatible with?) string theory - at least he's not a "proponent of it or multiverse interpretation of quantum mechanics. comp.arch (talk) 18:32, 18 August 2015 (UTC)

Example - for the non-nerd to understand?!
Would it be possible to add an example to the very start of this entry? TrolleF (talk) 06:46, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

Implications for nonspecialists and lay readers
Added a brief summary to some of the implications of proving the central langlands conjectures for specific cases. It appears to be essential to make clear the widespread potential and meaning this project has on mathematics and science, as it is a field seemingly unknown outside of professionals in its specialization. Especially so, since it is a somewhat unique framework of its kind, having connections to such seemingly distant subjects as number theory, and algebraic geometry (with further influences in many others; including algebraic topology and arithmetic dynamics). Providing a fairly unified construction for solutions of vast analytical power in automorphic forms. Please discuss and add citations as much as possible. The laglands program must be better understood; therefore known.12:38, 16 July 2021 (UTC)
 * Added a simplified description of the program for specialists and possibly diligent lay readers. This is an imperfect reduction of the langlands conjectures to more well defined objects. If one can improve upon it or add citations please do, as such a lead description is indispensable for newcommers; both professional and not.12:18, 18 July 2021 (UTC)

Implications for the broader world?
Perhaps the article should begin with a statement like, "This program is a useless exercise among academics that will have no visible impact on the world at large." (I haven't looked for a source to cite for that, but it shouldn't be too hard to find. Here's an example not specific to the Langlands program: )

If there is evidence that the above statement isn't true, then let's put some of that evidence into the article. So far, it's all about how proving that the frammitz is confomashalicious to the grotflocker will make somebody's mathematical career or get them some more government funding.

Will success in this program make understanding economics any easier? Will it help humanity tame fusion power? Will it explain the spread of disease? Will it let us build more stable social structures, feed the poor, house the homeless, explain how ecosystems form or break, reduce deliberate online deceit and manipulation, help to resolve any alleged "crisis" in society? Will it allow bad actors to cheat currently working forms of cryptography? Will it help make cars and trucks use 0.03% fewer resources? Or will it just be a masturbatory exercise for the sole pleasure of its worker bees? Please, somebody who actually understands this, explain ANY useful purpose for this in Simple English. Why would any government burn up tax money extracted by force from actual working stiffs to fund this? Gnuish (talk) 00:39, 17 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Please see WP:NOTFORUM. --JBL (talk) 00:58, 17 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Attempting to tame back any emotional recoiling, one may have from such a blatantly aggressively ignorant statement; truly no offence intended as I was once in such shoes, I will attempt to answer specifically and generally this recurrent irksome query. Seeing as your background is fairly obviously related to sociology, one must not expect mathematical proficiency to be understood. As such, the somewhat seemingly insane terminologies and endless lingo of purest most abstract mathematics, do indeed appear borderline. However, this argument can be made for absolutely every, single, one, of the core sciences. Indeed, it is suchly often used in empty political and psuedointellectual rhetoric. The ironic fact is, the very devices we are using to communicate over such an empty critique, are powered by exactly these "useless exercises".
 * To answer directly, yes the Langlands program specifically has much potential, eventually, to be an enormously powerful tool in the reconciliation of physics; and other STEM fields. At the moment its extreme abstract nature is a bit far from being intelligible; even to your ""average joe"" PhD theoretical physicist. With that being said, seeing as one wishes to lampoon inflamed replies upon fields which evidently are poorly understood, it seems your insecurity about the fear that something so beyond your comprehension may be real; is truly feeding the flame of such ignorance. Those are shoes familiar to myself as well. Which I might add, once one unveils these new universes of comprehension, thus become amazing discoveries as to new visions of existence.
 * For the general answer, should science and therefore its queen mathematics, be carried out simply for the sake of itself? If you require an answer to that question, then it is clear an understanding of science is utterly lacking. Absolutely, unequivocally, the best of science was ever made, in the minds of pure critical thoughts. Taking logic beyond its finitary human limits. Which, as someone who spent some time working in this field, I can assure this program very much is. Again, this is not to ridicule a stranger anonymously. Merely an attempt to illusrtrate an understanding that science requires from everyone. We do this to answer the most inconceivable questions of existence. And yes, the price is often obscure impermeable terminologisms. Hopefully, the takeaway here is to understand, that a framework of depth and breadth such as this, deserves to be known; if not only for the mere fact of its ambitious attempt. Very much akin to, in its time hilbert's program, which failed miserably; to the benefit of everybody.
 * If you wish to broaden or elucidate, why this makes any sense to any material field of study, I shall simply say several millennium prize problems are directly related to these mathematical objects. And if that does not scratch the itch, then I will add that prime numbers which are the most central object of study in pure math, are connected left right up down and center, to nearly every physical system in existence (including our precious useless economy).

 * P.S
 * It costs nearly zip to finance pure mathematicians. Just some pencils really...

 * PP.S
 * I am not currently an active researcher in this particular field, and do not necessarily posses a personal bias to its explication. Merely an avid lover of mathematics and pure reason in logic.
 * I strangely hope somebody qutoes this somewhere.
 * 194.116.51.147 (talk)

title: Talk:Langlands program