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FC Bayern Munich

Fußball-Club Bayern München e. V. (FCB, ), also known as Bayern Munich or FC Bayern, is a German professional sports club based in Munich, Bavaria. They are best known for their professional men's association football team, who play in the Bundesliga, the top tier of the German football league system. Bayern are the most successful club in German football history, having won a record 33 national titles, including eleven consecutively from 2013 to 2023, and 20 national cups, along with numerous European honours.

Bayern Munich was founded in 1900 by eleven players, led by Franz John. Although Bayern won its first national championship in 1932, the club was not selected for the Bundesliga at its inception in 1963. The club had its period of greatest success in the mid-1970s when, under the captaincy of Franz Beckenbauer, they won the European Cup three consecutive times (1974–1976). Overall, Bayern have won six European Cup/UEFA Champions League titles (a German record), winning their sixth title in the 2020 final as part of the Treble, after which it became the second European club to achieve the feat twice. Bayern has also won one UEFA Cup, one European Cup Winners' Cup, two UEFA Super Cups, two FIFA Club World Cups and two Intercontinental Cups, making it one of the most successful European clubs internationally, and the only German club to have won both international titles. Bayern players have accumulated five Ballon d'Or awards, two The Best FIFA Men's Player awards, five European Golden Shoe and three UEFA Men's Player of the Year awards, including UEFA Club Footballer of the Year.

By winning the 2020 FIFA Club World Cup, Bayern Munich became only the second club to win the "sextuple" (winning the League, Cup, and Champions League in one season followed by the Domestic Supercup, UEFA Supercup and Club World Cup in the next season), or all trophies that a club competes for in a given calendar year. Bayern Munich are one of five clubs to have won all three of UEFA's main club competitions, the only German club to achieve that. As of May 2023, Bayern Munich are ranked second in UEFA club rankings. The club has traditional local rivalries with 1860 Munich and 1. FC Nürnberg.

Since the beginning of the 2005–06 season, Bayern has played its home games at the Allianz Arena. Previously, the team had played at Munich's Olympiastadion for 33 years. The team colours are red and white, and the crest shows the white and blue flag of Bavaria. In terms of revenue, Bayern Munich is the largest sports club in Germany and the third highest-earning football club in the world, behind Barcelona and Real Madrid, earning €634.1 million in 2021. In August 2023, Bayern had more than 300,000 official members and 4,557 officially registered fan clubs, with over 362,000 members. The club has other departments for chess, handball, basketball, gymnastics, bowling, table tennis and senior football, with more than 1,100 active members.

Early years (1900s–1960s)
Bayern Munich was founded by members of a Munich gymnastics club (MTV 1879). When a congregation of members of MTV 1879 decided on 27 February 1900 that the footballers of the club would not be allowed to join the German Football Association (DFB), eleven members of the football division left the congregation and on the same evening founded Fußball-Club Bayern München. Within a few months, Bayern achieved high-scoring victories against all local rivals, including a 15–0 win against Nordstern, and reached the semi-finals of the 1900–01 South German championship. In the following years, the club won some local trophies, and, in 1910–11, Bayern joined the newly founded "Kreisliga", the first regional Bavarian league. The club won this league in its first year, but did not win it again until the beginning of the First World War in 1914, which halted all football activities in Germany. By the end of its first decade of founding, Bayern had its first German national team player, Max Gablonsky. By 1920, it had over 700 members, making it the largest football club in Munich.

In the years after the war, Bayern won several regional competitions before winning its first South German championship in 1926, an achievement repeated two years later. Its first national title was gained in 1932, when coach Richard "Little Dombi" Kohn led the team to the German championship by defeating Eintracht Frankfurt 2–0 in the final.

The rise of Adolf Hitler to power put an abrupt end to Bayern's development. Club president Kurt Landauer and the coach, both of whom were Jewish, left the country. Many others in the club were also purged. Bayern was taunted as the "Jew's club", while local rival 1860 Munich gained much support. Josef Sauter, who was inaugurated in 1943, was the only NSDAP member as president. After a friendly match in Switzerland, some Bayern players greeted Landauer, who was a spectator, and the club was subject to continued discrimination. Bayern was also affected by the ruling that football players had to be full amateurs again, which led to the move of gifted young centre-forward Oskar Rohr to Switzerland. In the following years, Bayern could not sustain its role of contender for the national title, achieving mid-table results in its regional league instead.

After the end of the Second World War in 1945, Bayern became a member of the Oberliga Süd, the southern conference of the German first division, which was split five ways at that time. Bayern struggled, hiring and firing 13 coaches between 1945 and 1963. Landauer returned from exile in 1947, and was once again appointed club president, the tenure lasted until 1951. He remains as the club's president with the longest accumulated tenure. Landauer has been deemed the most important figure in Bayern's transition to a professional club. In 1955, the club was relegated but returned to the Oberliga in the following season and won the DFB-Pokal for the first time, beating Fortuna Düsseldorf 1–0 in the final.

The club struggled financially, though, verging on bankruptcy at the end of the 1950s. President Reitlinger was ousted in the club's elections of 1958 by the industrialist Roland Endler, who provided financial stability for the club. Under his reign, Bayern had its best years in the Oberliga. Endler was no longer a candidate in 1962, when Wilhelm Neudecker, who became wealthy in the postwar construction boom, replaced him.

In 1963, the Oberligas in Germany were consolidated into one national league, the Bundesliga. Five teams from the Oberliga South were admitted. The key to qualifying for the Bundesliga was the accumulated record of the last twelve years, where Bayern was only the sixth-ranked club. To boot, local rivals 1860 Munich, ranked seventh, were champions of the last Oberliga-Süd season and were given preference on the basis of this achievement. After initial protests by Bayern for alleged mistreatment remained fruitless, president Neudecker rose to the challenge and hired Zlatko Čajkovski, who in 1962 led 1. FC Köln to the national championship. Fielding a team with young players like Franz Beckenbauer, Gerd Müller and Sepp Maier – who would later be collectively referred to as the axis, they achieved promotion to the Bundesliga in 1965.

The golden years (1960s–1970s)
In their first Bundesliga season, Bayern finished third and also won the DFB-Pokal. This qualified them for the following year's European Cup Winners' Cup, which they won in the final against Scottish club Rangers, Franz Roth scoring the decider in a 1–0 extra time victory. In 1967, Bayern retained the DFB-Pokal, but slow overall progress saw Branko Zebec take over as coach. He replaced Bayern's offensive style of play with a more disciplined approach, and in doing so achieved the first league and cup double in Bundesliga history in 1969. Bayern Munich are one of four German clubs to win the Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal in the same season along with Borussia Dortmund, 1. FC Köln and Werder Bremen. Zebec used only 13 players throughout the season.

Udo Lattek took charge in 1970. After winning the DFB-Pokal in his first season, Lattek led Bayern to their third German championship. The deciding match in the 1971–72 season against Schalke 04 was the first match in the new Olympiastadion, and was also the first live televised match in Bundesliga history. Bayern beat Schalke 5–1, so won the title, while also setting several records, including points gained and goals scored. Bayern also won the next two championships, but the zenith was their triumph in the 1974 European Cup Final against Atlético Madrid, which Bayern won 4–0 after a replay. This title – after winning the Cup Winners' trophy 1967 and two semi-finals (1968 and 1972) in that competition – marked the club's breakthrough as a force on the international stage.

During the following years, the team was unsuccessful domestically, but defended their European title by defeating Leeds United in the 1975 European Cup final, when Roth and Müller secured victory with late goals. "We came back into the game and scored two lucky goals, so in the end, we were the winners, but we were very, very lucky", stated Franz Beckenbauer. Billy Bremner believed the French referee was "very suspicious". Leeds fans then rioted in Paris and were banned from European football for three years. A year later in the final in Glasgow, another Roth goal helped defeat Saint-Étienne, and Bayern became the third club to win the trophy in three consecutive years. The final trophy won by Bayern in this era was the Intercontinental Cup, in which they defeated Brazilian club Cruzeiro over two legs. The rest of the decade was a time of change and saw no further titles for Bayern. In 1977, Franz Beckenbauer left for New York Cosmos and, in 1979, Sepp Maier and Uli Hoeneß retired while Gerd Müller joined the Fort Lauderdale Strikers. Bayerndusel was coined during this period as an expression of either contempt or envy about the sometimes narrow and last-minute wins against other teams.

From FC Breitnigge to FC Hollywood (1970s–1990s)
The 1980s were a period of off-field turmoil for Bayern, with many changes in personnel and financial problems. On the field, Paul Breitner and Karl-Heinz Rummenigge, termed "FC Breitnigge", led the team to Bundesliga titles in 1980 and 1981. Apart from a DFB-Pokal win in 1982, two relatively unsuccessful seasons followed, after which Breitner retired, and former coach Udo Lattek returned. Bayern won the DFB-Pokal in 1984 and went on to win five Bundesliga championships in six seasons, including a double in 1986. European success, however, was elusive during the decade; Bayern, though, finished as runner-up in the European Cups of 1982 and 1987.

Jupp Heynckes was hired as coach in 1987, but after two consecutive championships in 1988–89 and 1989–90, Bayern's form dipped. After finishing second in 1990–91, the club finished just five points above the relegation places in 1991–92. In 1993–94, Bayern was eliminated in the UEFA Cup second round to Premier League side Norwich City, who were the only English club to beat Bayern at the Olympiastadion during Bayern's time playing there. Franz Beckenbauer took over for the second half of the 1993–94 season, winning the championship again after a four-year gap. Beckenbauer was then appointed club president.

His successors as coach, Giovanni Trapattoni and Otto Rehhagel, both finished trophyless after a season, not meeting the club's high expectations. During this time, Bayern's players frequently appeared in the gossip pages of the press rather than the sports pages, resulting in the nickname "FC Hollywood". Franz Beckenbauer briefly returned at the end of the 1995–96 season as caretaker coach and led his team to victory in the UEFA Cup, beating Bordeaux in the final. For the 1996–97 season, Trapattoni returned to win the championship. In the following season, Bayern lost the title to newly promoted Kaiserslautern and Trapattoni had to take his leave for the second time.

Renewed international success (1990s–2000s)
After his success at Borussia Dortmund, Bayern were coached by Ottmar Hitzfeld from 1998 to 2004. In Hitzfeld's first season, Bayern won the Bundesliga and came close to winning the Champions League, losing 2–1 to Manchester United into injury time after leading for most of the match. The following year, in the club's centenary season, Bayern won the third league and cup double in its history. A third consecutive Bundesliga title followed in 2001, won with a stoppage time goal on the final day of the league season. Days later, Bayern won the Champions League for the fourth time after a 25-year gap, defeating Valencia on penalties. The 2001–02 season began with a win in the Intercontinental Cup, but ended trophyless otherwise. In 2002–03, Bayern won their fourth double, leading the league by a record margin of 16 points. Hitzfeld's reign ended in 2004, with Bayern underperforming, including defeat by second division Alemannia Aachen in the DFB-Pokal.

Felix Magath took over and led Bayern to two consecutive doubles. Prior to the start of the 2005–06 season, Bayern moved from the Olympiastadion to the new Allianz Arena, which the club shared with 1860 Munich. On the field, their performance in 2006–07 was erratic. Trailing in the league and having lost to Alemannia Aachen in the cup yet again, coach Magath was sacked shortly after the winter break.

Hitzfeld returned as a trainer in January 2007, but Bayern finished the 2006–07 season in fourth position, meaning no Champions League qualification for the first time in more than a decade. Additional losses in the DFB-Pokal and the DFB-Ligapokal left the club with no honours for the season.

Domestic dominance and continental treble (2000s–2010s)
For the 2007–08 season, Bayern made drastic squad changes to help rebuild. Among new signings were 2006 World Cup players such as Franck Ribéry, Miroslav Klose and Luca Toni. Bayern won the Bundesliga in convincing fashion, leading the standings on every single week of play, and the DFB-Pokal against Borussia Dortmund. After the season, Bayern's long-term goalkeeper Oliver Kahn retired, which left the club without a top-tier goalkeeper for several seasons. The club's coach Ottmar Hitzfeld also retired and Jürgen Klinsmann was chosen as his successor. However, Klinsmann was sacked before the end of his first season as Bayern trailed Wolfsburg in the league, had lost the quarterfinal of the DFB-Pokal to Bayer Leverkusen, and were defeated in the quarterfinal of the Champions League by Barcelona, conceding four goals in the first half of the first leg. Jupp Heynckes was named caretaker coach and led the club to a second-place finish in the league.

For the 2009–10 season, Bayern hired Dutch manager Louis van Gaal, and Dutch forward Arjen Robben joined Bayern. Robben, alongside Ribéry, would go on to shape Bayern's playstyle of attacking over the wings for the next ten years. The press quickly dubbed the duo "Robbery". In addition, David Alaba and Thomas Müller were promoted to the first team. Van Gaal stated: "With me, Müller always plays", which has become a much-referenced phrase over the years. On the pitch, Bayern had its most successful season since 2001, securing the domestic double and losing only in the final of the Champions League to Inter Milan. Van Gaal was fired in April 2011 as Bayern was trailing in the league and eliminated in the first knockout round of the Champions League, again by Inter.

Heynckes returned for his second permanent spell in the 2011–12 season. Although the club had signed Manuel Neuer, ending Bayern's quest for an adequate substitute for Kahn, and Jérôme Boateng for the season, Bayern remained without a title for a second consecutive season, coming in second to Borussia Dortmund in the league and the cup. The Champions League final was held at the Allianz Arena and Bayern reached the final in their home stadium but lost to Chelsea on penalties. Bayern Munich went on to win all titles in 2012–13. They set various Bundesliga records along the way, becoming the first German team to win the treble. Bayern finished the Bundesliga on 91 points, only eleven points shy of a perfect season. In what was Bayern's third Champions League final appearance within four years, they beat Borussia Dortmund 2–1. A week later, they completed the treble by winning the DFB-Pokal final against Stuttgart. During the season, the club announced that they would hire Pep Guardiola as coach for the 2013–14 season. Originally, the club presented this as Heynckes retiring on the expiration of his contract, but Uli Hoeneß later admitted that it was not Heynckes's decision to leave Bayern at the end of the season. It was actually forced by the club's desire to appoint Guardiola.

Guardiola's first season started off well, with Bayern extending a streak of undefeated league matches from the previous season to 53 matches. An eventual loss to Augsburg came two match days after Bayern had won the league title. During the season, Bayern had also claimed two other titles, the FIFA Club World Cup and the UEFA Super Cup, the latter being the last major trophy the club had not yet won. Bayern also won the cup to complete their tenth domestic double, but lost in the semi-final of the Champions League to Real Madrid. Off the pitch, Bayern's president Uli Hoeneß was convicted of tax evasion in March 2014, and sentenced to $3 1/2$ years in prison. Hoeneß resigned the next day, and vice-president Karl Hopfner was elected president in May. Under Guardiola, Bayern also won the Bundesliga in 2014–15 and 2015–16, including another double in 2015–16, but did not advance past the semi-finals in the Champions League. Although the club's leadership tried to convince Guardiola to stay, the coach decided not to extend his three-year contract.

Carlo Ancelotti was hired as successor to Guardiola. Off the pitch, Uli Hoeneß had been released early from prison and reelected as president in November 2016. Under Ancelotti, Bayern won a fifth consecutive league title. In July 2017, Bayern announced that 1860 Munich would leave the Allianz for good as the club had been relegated to the fourth-tier Regionalliga. During the 2017–18 season, Bayern's performances were perceived to be increasingly lacklustre, and Ancelotti was sacked after a 3–0 loss to Paris St. Germain in the Champions League, early in his second season. Willy Sagnol took over as interim manager for a week, before Jupp Heynckes was announced as coach for the rest of the season, in what was his fourth spell at the club. During the season, the club urged Heynckes—even publicly—to extend his contract, but Heynckes, aged 73, stayed firm that he would retire after the season. Heynckes led the club to another championship, but lost the cup final against Eintracht Frankfurt. Eintracht's coach, Niko Kovač, was named Heynckes' successor at Bayern. In Kovač's first season at Bayern, the club was eliminated by Liverpool in the round of 16 in the Champions League, the first time since 2011 that Bayern did not reach the quarter-final. Bayern won their seventh straight Bundesliga title, however, as they finished two points above Dortmund with 78 points. This Bundesliga title was Ribéry's ninth and Robben's eighth. A week later, Bayern defeated RB Leipzig 3–0 in the 2019 DFB-Pokal final to win their 19th German Cup and to complete their 12th domestic double.

Return to German coaches (2019–)
Kovač was sacked after a 5–1 loss to Eintracht Frankfurt, with Hansi Flick being promoted to interim manager in November 2019. After a satisfying spell as interim, Bayern announced a month later that Flick would remain in charge. Under Flick, the club won the league, having played the most successful second half of a Bundesliga season in history, winning all but one match, which was drawn. The club also won the cup, completing the club's 13th domestic double. In the Champions League, Bayern reached their first final since 2013, having beaten Barcelona 8–2 in the quarter-finals. Bayern defeated Paris Saint-Germain 1–0 in the final, which was held in Lisbon behind closed doors due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Former PSG player Kingsley Coman scored the only goal of the match. Bayern became the second European club after Barcelona to complete the seasonal treble in two different seasons.

Bayern started the 2020–21 season by winning the UEFA Super Cup for the second time in their history. Bayern also won the FIFA Club World Cup, defeating Mexican team Tigres 1–0 in the final. Bayern became the second club to win the sextuple, after Barcelona did so in 2009. The club also won its ninth Bundesliga title in a row. During the season, Robert Lewandowski broke Gerd Müller's record for most goals scored in a Bundesliga season, having scored 41 times in 29 matches. Flick left at the end of the 2020–21 season to manage the Germany national team, and at Flick's request, RB Leipzig manager Julian Nagelsmann succeeded him. According to several news reports, Bayern paid Leipzig €25m as compensation for Nagelsmann's services, a world record for a manager.

Under Nagelsmann, Bayern won its 10th consecutive Bundesliga title. In March 2023, Nagelsmann was released by Bayern and replaced with Thomas Tuchel, who led the club to a record eleventh consecutive title, after winning a close title race with Borussia Dortmund. In August 2023, Bayern broke the German transfer record again, signing England captain and all-time leading goalscorer Harry Kane from Tottenham Hotspur for a reported fee of €110m.

Kits
In the original club constitution, Bayern's colours were named as white and blue, but the club played in white shirts with black shorts until 1905 when Bayern joined MSC. MSC decreed that the footballers would have to play in red shorts. Also, the younger players were called red shorts, which were meant as an insult. For most of the club's early history, Bayern had primarily worn white and maroon home kits. In 1968–69 season, Bayern changed to red and blue striped shirts, with blue shorts and socks. Between 1969 and 1973, the team wore a home strip of red and white striped shirts with either red or white shorts and red socks. In the 1973–74 season, the team switched to an all-white kit featuring single vertical red and blue stripes on the shirt. From 1974 onwards, Bayern has mostly worn an all-red home kit with white trim. Bayern revived the red and blue striped colour scheme between 1995 and 1997. In 1997, blue was the dominant colour for the first time when Adidas released an all navy blue home kit with a red chest band. In 1999, Bayern returned to a predominantly red kit, which featured blue sleeves, and, in 2000, the club released a traditional all-red kit with white trim to be worn for Champions League matches. Bayern also wore a Rotwein-coloured home kit in Bundesliga matches between 2001 and 2003, and during the 2006–07 Champions League campaign, in reference to their first-choice colours prior to the late 1960s.

The club's away kit has had a wide range of colours, including white, black, blue, and gold-green. Bayern also features a distinct international kit. During the 2013–14 season, Bayern used an all-red home kit with a Bavarian flag diamond watermark pattern, a Lederhosen-inspired white and black Oktoberfest away kit, and an all-navy blue international kit.

In the 1980s and 1990s, Bayern used a special away kit when playing at Kaiserslautern, representing the Brazilian colours blue and yellow, a superstition borne from the fact that the club found it hard to win there.

Crest
Bayern's crest has changed several times. Originally it consisted of the stylised letters F, C, B, M, which were woven into one symbol. The original crest was blue. The colours of Bavaria were included for the first time in 1954. The crest from 1919 to 1924 denotes "Bayern FA", whereby "FA" stands for Fußball-Abteilung, i.e., Football Department; Bayern then was integrated into TSV Jahn Munich and constituted its football department.

The modern version of the crest has changed from the 1954 version in several steps. While the crest consisted of a single colour only for most of the time, namely blue or red, the current crest is blue, red, and white. It has the colours of Bavaria in its centre, and FC Bayern München is written in white on a red ring enclosing the Bavarian colours.

Stadiums
Bayern played its first training games at the Schyrenplatz in the centre of Munich. The first official games were held on the Theresienwiese. In 1901, Bayern moved to a field of its own, located in Schwabing at the Clemensstraße. After joining the Münchner Sport-Club (MSC) in 1906, Bayern moved in May 1907 to MSC's ground at the Leopoldstraße. As the crowds gathering for Bayern's home games increased at the beginning of the 1920s, Bayern had to switch to various other premises in Munich.

From 1925, Bayern shared the Grünwalder Stadion with 1860 Munich. Until the Second World War, the stadium was owned by 1860 Munich, and is still colloquially known as Sechz'ger ("Sixties") Stadium. It was destroyed during the war, and efforts to rebuild it resulted in a patchwork. Bayern's record crowd at the Grünwalder Stadion is reported as more than 50,000 in the home game against 1. FC Nürnberg in the 1961–62 season. In the Bundesliga era, the stadium had a maximum capacity of 44,000, which was reached on several occasions, but the capacity has since been reduced to 21,272. As was the case at most of this period's stadiums, the vast majority of the stadium was given over to terracing. Since 1995, the second teams and youth teams of both clubs played in the stadium.

For the 1972 Summer Olympics, the city of Munich built the Olympiastadion. The stadium, renowned for its architecture, was inaugurated in the last Bundesliga match of the 1971–72 season. The match drew a capacity crowd of 79,000, a total which was reached again on numerous occasions. In its early days, the stadium was considered one of the foremost stadiums in the world, and played host to numerous major finals, such as that of the 1974 FIFA World Cup. In the following years, the stadium underwent several modifications, such as an increase in seating space from approximately 50 per cent to 66 per cent. Eventually, the stadium had a capacity of 63,000 for national matches and 59,000 for international occasions such as European Cup competitions. Many people, however, began to feel that the stadium was too cold in winter, with half the audience exposed to the weather due to lack of cover. A further complaint was the distance between the spectators and the pitch, betraying the stadium's track and field heritage. Renovation proved impossible, as the architect Günther Behnisch vetoed major modifications of the stadium.

After much discussion, the city of Munich, the state of Bavaria, Bayern Munich and 1860 Munich jointly decided at the end of 2000 to build a new stadium. While Bayern had wanted a purpose-built football stadium for several years, the awarding of the 2006 FIFA World Cup to Germany stimulated the discussion as the Olympiastadion no longer met the FIFA criteria to host a World Cup game. Located on the northern outskirts of Munich, the Allianz Arena has been in use since the beginning of the 2005–06 season. Since August 2012, 2,000 more seats were added in the last row of the top tier, increasing the capacity to 71,000. In January 2015, a proposal to increase the capacity was approved by the city council, with the Allianz Arena holding a capacity of 75,000 (70,000 in Champions League).

The stadium's most prominent feature is the translucent outer layer, which can be illuminated in different colours for effects. Red lighting is used for Bayern home games and white for German national team home games.

In May 2012, Bayern opened a museum about its history, FC Bayern Erlebniswelt, inside the Allianz Arena.

Supporters
At the 2018 annual general meeting, the Bayern board reported that the club had 291,000 official members and 4,433 officially registered fan clubs with over 390,000 members. This made the club the largest fan membership club in the world. Bayern has an average of 75,000 fans at the Allianz Arena which is at 100 per cent capacity level. Every Bundesliga game has been sold-out for years. Bayern's away games have also been sold out for many years. According to a study by Sport+Markt from 2010, Bayern is the fifth-most popular football club in Europe with 20.7 million supporters, ranking first of all German clubs.

The club's most prominent ultra groups are Schickeria München, Inferno Bavaria, Red Munichs '89, Südkurve '73, Munichmaniacs 1996, Red Angels, and Red Sharks. The ultras scene of Bayern Munch has been recognised for certain groups taking stance against right-wing extremism, racism and homophobia,  and in 2014 the group Schickeria München received the Julius Hirsch Award by the DFB for its commitment against antisemitism and discrimination.

Stern des Südens is the song which fans sing at FCB home games. In the 1990s, they also used to sing FC Bayern, Forever Number One. Another notable song is Mia San Mia (Bavarian for "we are who we are"), which is a well-known motto of the club as well. A renowned catchphrase for the team is "Packmas", which is a Bavarian phrase for the German "Packen wir es", which means "let's do it". The club's mascot is "Berni" since 2004.

The club also has had a number of high-profile supporters, among them Pope Benedict XVI, Boris Becker, Wladimir Klitschko, Horst Seehofer and Edmund Stoiber, former Minister-President of Bavaria.

Rivalries
Bayern is one of three professional football clubs in Munich. Bayern's main local rival is 1860 Munich, who was the more successful club in the 1950s and was controversially picked for the initial Bundesliga season in 1963, winning a cup and a championship. In the 1970s and 1980s, 1860 Munich moved between the first and the third division. The Munich derby is still a much-anticipated event, getting much extra attention from supporters of both clubs. Despite the rivalry, Bayern has repeatedly supported 1860 in times of financial disarray.

Since the 1920s, 1. FC Nürnberg has been Bayern's main and traditional rival in Bavaria. Philipp Lahm said that playing Nürnberg is "always special" and is a "heated atmosphere". Both clubs played in the same league in the mid-1920s, but in the 1920s and 1930s, Nürnberg was far more successful, winning five championships in the 1920s, making the club Germany's record champion. Bayern took over the title more than sixty years later, when they won their tenth championship in 1987, thereby surpassing the number of championships won by Nürnberg. The duel between Bayern and Nürnberg is often referred to as the Bavarian Derby.

Bayern also has a strong rivalry with the Kaiserslautern, originating in parts from a game in 1973, when Bayern lost 7–4 after leading 4–1, but also from the two clubs competing for German championship honours at various times in the Bundesliga, as well as the city of Kaiserslautern, together with the surrounding Palatinate, having been part of Bavaria until the end of the Second World War.

Since the 1970s, Bayern's main rivals have been the clubs who put up the strongest fight against its national dominance. In the 1970s, this was Borussia Mönchengladbach, in the 1980s, the category expanded to include Hamburger SV. In the 1990s, Borussia Dortmund, Werder Bremen and Bayer Leverkusen emerged as the most ardent opponents. Since the 2000s, Borussia Dortmund, Schalke 04, and Werder Bremen have been the main challengers in the Bundesliga. Bayern and Dortmund also have played against each other in the DFB-Pokal final in 2008, 2012, 2014, and 2016. The 5–2 loss against Dortmund in the 2012 final was Bayern's worst ever loss in a DFB-Pokal final. The highlight of the rivalry between the two clubs was when Bayern defeated Dortmund 2–1 in the final of the 2012–13 UEFA Champions League.

Amongst Bayern's chief European rivals are Real Madrid, AC Milan, and Manchester United. Real Madrid versus Bayern is the match that has historically been played most often in the Champions League/European Cup with 26 matches. Due to Bayern being traditionally hard to beat for Madrid, Madrid supporters often refer to Bayern as the "Bestia negra" ("Black Beast"). Despite the number of duels, Bayern and Real have never met in the final of a Champions League or European Cup.

Organization and finance

Bayern is mostly led by former club players. From 2016 to 2019, Uli Hoeneß served as the club's president, following Karl Hopfner who had been in office from 2014; Hoeneß had resigned in 2014 after being convicted of tax fraud. Oliver Kahn was chairman of the executive board of the AG. The supervisory board of nine consists mostly of managers of big German corporations. Besides the club's president and the board's chairman, they are Herbert Hainer former CEO of (Adidas), Dr. Herbert Diess chairman of (Volkswagen), Dr. Werner Zedelius senior advisor at (Allianz), Timotheus Höttges CEO of (Deutsche Telekom), Dieter Mayer, Edmund Stoiber, Theodor Weimer CEO of (Deutsche Börse), and Dr. Michael Diederich speaker of the board at (UniCredit Bank).

Professional football at Bayern is run by the spin-off organisation FC Bayern München AG. AG is short for Aktiengesellschaft, and Bayern is run like a joint stock company, a company whose stock are not listed on the public stock exchange, but is privately owned. 75 per cent of FC Bayern München AG is owned by the club, the FC Bayern München e. V. (e. V. is short for Eingetragener Verein, which translates into "Registered Club"). Three German corporations, the sports goods manufacturer Adidas, the automobile company Audi and the financial services group Allianz each hold 8.33 per cent of the shares, 25 per cent in total. Adidas acquired its shares in 2002 for €77 million. The money was designated to help finance the Allianz Arena. In 2009, Audi paid €90 million for their share. The capital was used to repay the loan on the Allianz Arena. And in early 2014, Allianz became the third shareholder of the company acquiring theirs share for €110 million. With the sale, Bayern paid off the remaining debt on the Allianz Arena 16 years ahead of schedule. Bayern's other sports departments are run by the club.

Bayern's shirt sponsor is Deutsche Telekom. Deutsche Telekom has been Bayern's shirt sponsor since the start of 2002–03 season. The company extended their sponsorship deal in August 2015 until the end of the 2026–27 season. Previous kit sponsors were Adidas (1974–78), Magirus Deutz and Iveco (1978–84), Commodore (1984–89) and Opel (1989–2002). Bayern's kit manufacturer is Adidas, who have been Bayern's kit manufacturer since 1974. The deal with Adidas runs until the end of the 2029–30 season.

Bayern is an exception in professional football, having generated profits for 27 consecutive years. Other clubs often report losses, realising transfers via loans, whereas Bayern always uses current assets. In the 2019 edition of the Deloitte Football Money League, Bayern had the fourth-highest revenue in club football, generating revenue of €629.2 million. Bayern had the second-highest commercial revenue in the 2019 Deloitte Football Money League, behind only Real Madrid. Bayern's commercial revenue was €348.7 million (55 per cent of total revenue). In contrast, Bayern's matchday revenue trails other top clubs at €103.8 million (17 per cent of their total revenue). In 2017, Forbes ranks Bayern as the world's fourth-most valuable football club in their annual list, estimating the club's value at €2.5 billion.

While other European clubs have mainly marketed to international audiences, Bayern had focused on Germany. Since the 2010s, Bayern have started to focus their marketing more on Asia and the United States. Bayern made summer tours to the United States in 2014 and 2016. Bayern went to China in the summer of 2015 and returned in the summer of 2017, where they also played games in Singapore. In August 2014, Bayern opened an office in New York City as the club wants to strengthen their brand positioning against other top European clubs in the United States. In March 2017, Bayern opened an office in Shanghai, China.

Social engagement and charity
Bayern has been involved with charitable ventures for a long time, helping other football clubs in financial disarray as well as ordinary people in misery. In the wake of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami the "FC Bayern – Hilfe e.V." was founded, a foundation that aims to concentrate the social engagements of the club. At its inception, this venture was funded with €600,000, raised by officials and players of the club. The money was, amongst other things, used to build a school in Marathenkerny, Sri Lanka, and to rebuild the area of Trincomalee, Sri Lanka.

The club has also assisted other sport clubs in financial disarray. The club has supported its local rival 1860 Munich with player transfers at favourable rates and direct money transfers. When St. Pauli threatened to lose its licence for professional football due to financial problems, Bayern met the club for a friendly game, giving all gate receipts to St. Pauli. In 1993, Alexander Zickler transferred from Dynamo Dresden to Bayern for 2.3 Million DM, with many considering the sum to have been a subvention for the financially threatened Dresdeners. In 2003, Bayern provided a €2 Million loan to the nearly bankrupt Borussia Dortmund. In 2009, Mark van Bommel's home club Fortuna Sittard was in financial distress; Bayern played a charity game at the Dutch club, gifting them gate receipts. In 2013, Bayern played a charity game against financially threatened third division side Hansa Rostock. The game raised about €1 million, securing Hansa's licence. In 2017, Bayern played a benefit match against financial troubled Kickers Offenbach, with all gate receipts going to Kickers Offenbach. Two years later, Bayern played a benefit match against Kaiserslautern. The match was played so Kaiserslautern could secure their licence to play in the German third division. All income from the match went to Kaiserslautern. In March 2020, Bayern, Borussia Dortmund, RB Leipzig and Bayer Leverkusen, the four German UEFA Champions League teams for the 2019–20 season, collectively gave €20 million to Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga teams that were struggling financially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

In mid-2013, Bayern was the first club to give financial support to the Magnus Hirschfeld National Foundation. The foundation researches the living environment LGBT people, and developed an education concept to facilitate unbiased dealing with LGBT themes in football. In 2016, Bayern received the Nine Values Cup, an award of the international children's social programme Football for Friendship.

Training facility
Bayern Munich headquarters and training facility is called Säbener Straße and it is located in the Untergiesing-Harlaching borough of Munich. The first team and the reserve team train at the facility. There are five grass pitches, two of which have undersoil heating, two artificial grass fields, a beach volleyball court and a multi-functional sports hall.

In August 2017, the club's sports complex, FC Bayern Campus, opened at a cost of €70 million. The campus is located north of Munich at Ingolstädter Straße. The campus is 30 hectare and has eight football pitches for youth teams from the U-9s to the U-19s and the women's and girls' teams. The campus also has a 2,500-capacity stadium where the U-17s and the U-19s play their matches. The Allianz Bayern Akademie is located on the campus site, and the academy has 35 apartments for young talents who do not live in the Greater Munich area. The academy building also has offices for youth coaches and staff.

Honours
Bayern is historically the most successful team in German football, as they have won the most championships and the most cups. They are also Germany's most successful team in international competitions, having won fourteen trophies. Bayern is the only club to have won all three major European competitions, to have won three consecutive European Cups and to have won the treble twice, one of which was part of the larger, and more elusive, "sextuple" (2020).

Source:
 * {{legend|gold|record}}

Trebles
Bayern Munich has completed all available Trebles (seasonal treble, domestic treble and European treble).
 * Treble
 * Seasonal treble (Bundesliga, DFB-Pokal, UEFA Champions League)
 * 2012–13, 2019–20
 * European treble (UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, European Cup, UEFA Cup)
 * 1966–67 European Cup Winners' Cup, 1973–74 European Cup, 1995–96 UEFA Cup
 * Domestic treble (Bundesliga, DFB-Pokal, DFL-Ligapokal)
 * 1999–2000

Sextuple
During each calendar year, Bayern Munich only have six trophies available to them. A sextuple consists of going "six for six" in those competitions, which Bayern accomplished in 2020. This rare feat consists of winning the Continental treble in one season, followed by winning each of the three additional competitions, to which the treble gives a club access in the following season.
 * 2020 Sextuple
 * 2019–20 season
 * 2019–20 Bundesliga
 * 2019–20 DFB-Pokal
 * 2019–20 UEFA Champions League
 * 2020–21 season
 * 2020 DFL-Supercup
 * 2020 UEFA Super Cup
 * 2020 FIFA Club World Cup

Retired numbers

 * 12 – "The twelfth man", dedication to fans

Notable past players
The "Greatest Ever" squad chosen by more than 79,901 fans, in 2005. The coach chosen was Ottmar Hitzfeld. At his farewell game, Oliver Kahn was declared honorary captain of Bayern Munich. The players below are part of the Bayern Munich Hall of Fame.

1930s
 * 🇩🇪 Conrad Heidkamp (DF)

1970s:
 * 🇩🇪 Franz Beckenbauer (DF)
 * 🇩🇪 Gerd Müller (FW)
 * 🇩🇪 Uli Hoeneß (FW)
 * 🇩🇪 Paul Breitner (MF)
 * 🇩🇪 Sepp Maier (GK)
 * 🇩🇪 Hans-Georg Schwarzenbeck (DF)
 * 🇩🇪 Franz Roth (MF)

1980s:
 * 🇩🇪 Karl-Heinz Rummenigge (FW)
 * 🇩🇪 Klaus Augenthaler (DF)

1990s:
 * 🇩🇪 Lothar Matthäus (MF/DF)
 * 🇩🇪 Stefan Effenberg (MF)

2000s:
 * 🇩🇪 Oliver Kahn (GK)
 * 🇩🇪 Mehmet Scholl (MF)
 * 🇫🇷 Bixente Lizarazu (DF)
 * 🇧🇷 Giovane Élber (FW)

2010s:
 * 🇩🇪 Philipp Lahm (DF)
 * 🇩🇪 Bastian Schweinsteiger (MF)

Coaches since 1963
Bayern has had 20 coaches since its promotion to the Bundesliga in 1965. Udo Lattek, Giovanni Trapattoni and Ottmar Hitzfeld served two terms as head coach. Franz Beckenbauer served one term as head coach and one as caretaker, while Jupp Heynckes had four separate spells as coach, including one as caretaker. Lattek was the club's most successful coach, having won six Bundesliga titles, two DFB Cups and the European Cup; following closely is Ottmar Hitzfeld, who won five Bundesliga titles, two DFB Cups and the Champions League. The club's least successful coach was Søren Lerby, who won less than a third of his matches in charge and presided over the club's near-relegation in the 1991–92 campaign.

Football
The reserve team, FC Bayern Munich II, serves mainly as the final stepping stone for promising young players before being promoted to the main team. The second team is coached by Sebastian Hoeneß. The team competes in the Regionalliga Bayern, the fourth level of German football. Their greatest achievement to date was winning the 3. Liga in the 2019–20 season. Since the inception of the Regionalliga in 1994, the team played in the Regionalliga Süd, after playing in the Oberliga since 1978. In the 2007–08 season, they qualified for the newly founded 3. Liga, where they lasted until 2011 when they were relegated to the Regionalliga. This ended 33 consecutive years of playing in the highest league that the German Football Association permits the second team of a professional football team to play.

The youth academy has produced some of Europe's top football players, including Thomas Hitzlsperger, Owen Hargreaves, Philipp Lahm, Bastian Schweinsteiger and Thomas Müller. On 1 August 2017, the FC Bayern Campus became the new home of the youth teams. It consists of ten teams, with the youngest being under 9. Jochen Sauer is the FC Bayern Campus director, and Bayern legend coach Hermann Gerland is the sporting director.

The women's football department consists of five teams, including a professional team, a reserve team, and two youth teams. The women's first team, which is led by head coach Thomas Wörle, features several members of the German national youth team. In the 2008–09 season, the team finished second in the women's Bundesliga. The division was founded in 1970 and consisted of four teams with 90 players. Their greatest successes were winning the championships in 1976, 2015, and 2016. In the 2011–12 season on 12 May 2012, FC Bayern Munich dethroned the German Cup title holders 1. FFC Frankfurt with a 2–0 in the 2011–12 final in Cologne and celebrated the biggest success of the club's history since winning the championship in 1976. In 2015, they won the Bundesliga for the first time, without any defeat. They won the 2015–16 Bundesliga for the second consecutive time.

The senior football department was founded in 2002 and consists of five teams. The division is intended to enable senior athletes to participate in the various senior citizen competitions in Munich. The FC Bayern AllStars were founded in summer 2006, and consists of former Bayern players, including Klaus Augenthaler, Raimond Aumann, Andreas Brehme, Paul Breitner, Hans Pflügler, Stefan Reuter, Paulo Sérgio, and Olaf Thon. The team is coached by Wolfgang Dremmler, and plays matches with other senior teams around the world. For organisational reasons, the team can only play a limited number of games annually. The refereeing department was established in 1919 and is currently the largest football refereeing division in Europe, with 110 referees, with 2 of them women. The referees mainly officiate amateur games in the local Munich leagues.

Other sports
Bayern has other departments for a variety of sports.

The basketball department was founded in 1946, and currently contains 26 teams, including four men's teams, three women's teams, sixteen youth teams, and three senior teams. The men's team are five-time German champions, having won in 1954, 1955, 2014, 2018, and 2019. The team also won the German Basketball Cup in 1968, 2018, and 2021. The team plays its home games at the Rudi-Sedlmayer-Halle, located in the Sendling-Westpark borough of Munich.

The bowling department emerged from SKC Real-Isaria in 1983 and currently consists of five teams. Directly next to the well-known club building of the football department, the team plays at the bowling alley of the Münchner Kegler-Verein. The first team plays in the second highest division of the Münchner Spielklasse Bezirksliga.

The chess department was created in 1908 and consists of nine teams, including seven men's teams and two women's teams. The men's team, which currently plays in the Chess Bundesliga following promotion in 2013 from the 2. Bundesliga Ost, was nine-time German Champion from 1983 to 1995. The team also won the European Chess Club Cup in 1992. The women currently play in the 2. Bundesliga with their biggest successes being promotion to the Frauenbundesliga in 2016 and 2018.

The handball department was founded in 1945, and consists of thirteen teams, including three men's teams, two women's teams, five boys teams, two girls teams, and a mixed youth team. The first men's team plays in the Bezirksoberliga Oberbayern, while the women's first teams plays in the Bezirksliga Oberbayern.

The table tennis department was founded in 1946 and currently has 220 members. The club currently has fourteen teams, including eight men's teams, a women's team, three youth teams, and two children teams. The women's first team is currently playing in the Landesliga Süd/Ost, while the men's first team plays in the 3. Bundesliga Süd. The focus of the department is on youth support.

Literature

 * Hüetlin, Thomas: Gute Freunde. Die wahre Geschichte des FC Bayern München. Blessing, München 2006. ISBN 3-89667-254-1.
 * Schulze-Marmeling, Dietrich: Der FC Bayern und seine Juden. Aufstieg und Zerschlagung einer liberalen Fußballkultur. Verlag Die Werkstatt, Göttingen 2011. ISBN 978-3-89533-781-9.
 * Bausenwein, Christoph, Schulze-Marmeling, Dietrich: FC Bayern München. Unser Verein, unsere Geschichte. Verlag Die Werkstatt, Göttingen 2012. ISBN 978-3-89533-894-6.

title: FC Bayern Munich


text:
Congenital rubella syndrome

Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) occurs when a human fetus is infected with the rubella virus (German measles) via maternal-fetal transmission and develops birth defects. The most common congenital defects affect the ophthalmologic, cardiac, auditory, and neurologic systems.

Rubella infection in pregnancy can result in various outcomes ranging from asymptomatic infection to congenital defects to miscarriage and fetal death. If infection occurs 0–11 weeks after conception, the infant has a 90% risk of being affected. If the infection occurs 12–20 weeks after conception, the risk is 20%. Infants are not generally affected if rubella is contracted during the third trimester. Diagnosis of congenital rubella syndrome is made through a series of clinical and laboratory findings and management is based on the infant's clinical presentation. Maintaining rubella outbreak control via vaccination is essential in preventing congenital rubella infection and congenital rubella syndrome.

Congenital rubella syndrome was discovered in 1941 by Australian Norman McAlister Gregg.

Signs and symptoms

The classic triad for congenital rubella syndrome is:
 * Sensorineural deafness (58% of patients)
 * Eye abnormalities—especially retinopathy, cataract, glaucoma, and microphthalmia (43% of patients)
 * Congenital heart disease —especially pulmonary artery stenosis and patent ductus arteriosus (50% of patients)

Other manifestations of CRS may include:
 * Spleen, liver, or bone marrow problems (some of which may disappear shortly after birth)
 * Intellectual disability
 * Small head size (microcephaly)
 * Low birth weight
 * Thrombocytopenic purpura, leading to easy or excessive bleeding or bruising
 * Extramedullary hematopoiesis (presents as a characteristic blueberry muffin rash)
 * Enlarged liver (hepatomegaly)
 * Small jaw size (micrognathia)
 * Radiolucent bone disease
 * Skin lesions

Children who have been exposed to rubella in the womb should also be watched closely as they age for any indication of:
 * Developmental delay
 * Autism
 * Schizophrenia
 * Growth retardation
 * Learning disabilities
 * Thyroid disorders
 * Diabetes mellitus

Diagnosis
Diagnosis of congenital rubella syndrome is made based on clinical findings and laboratory criteria. Laboratory criteria includes at least one of the following:
 * Detection of the rubella virus via RT-PCR
 * Detection of rubella-specific IgM antibody
 * Detection of infant rubella-specific IgG antibody at higher levels (and persists for a longer time) than expected for passive maternal transmission
 * Isolation of the rubella virus by nasal, blood, throat, urine, or cerebrospinal fluid specimens

Clinical definition is characterized by findings in the following categories:

 * 1) Cataracts/congenital glaucoma, congenital heart disease (most commonly, patent ductus arteriosus or peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis), hearing impairment, pigmentary retinopathy
 * 2) Purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, microcephaly, developmental delay, meningoencephalitis, radiolucent bone disease

A patient is classified into the following cases depending on their clinical and laboratory findings:
 * Suspected: A patient that has one or more of the clinical findings listed above but does not meet the definition for probable or confirmed classification
 * Probable: A patient that does not have laboratory confirmation of congenital rubella but has either two clinical findings from Group 1 as listed above OR one clinical finding from Group 1 and one clinical finding from Group 2 as listed above
 * Confirmed: A patient with at least one laboratory finding and one clinical finding (from either group) as listed above
 * Infection only: A patient with no clinical findings as described above but meeting at least one confirmed laboratory criteria

Prevention
Vaccinating the majority of the population is effective at preventing congenital rubella syndrome. With the introduction of the rubella vaccine in 1969, the number of cases of rubella in the United States has decreased 99%, from 57,686 cases in 1969 to 271 cases in 1999. For women who plan to become pregnant, the MMR (measles mumps, rubella) vaccination is highly recommended, at least 28 days prior to conception. The vaccine should not be given to women who are already pregnant as it contains live viral particles. Other preventative actions can include the screening and vaccinations of high-risk personnel, such as medical and child care professions.

Infants with birth defects suspected to be caused by congenital rubella infection should be investigated thoroughly. Confirmed cases should be reported to the local or state health department to assess control of the virus and isolation of the infant should be maintained.

Management
Infants with known rubella exposure during pregnancy or those with a confirmed or suspected infection should receive close follow-up and supportive care. There are no medications or antivirals that will shorten the clinical course of the virus. Only those with immunity to rubella should have contact with infected infants, as they can shed viral particles in their respiratory secretions though 1 year of age (unless they test with repeated negative viral cultures at age 3 months). Many infants can be born with multiple birth defects that require multidisciplinary management and interventions based on clinical manifestations. Often these infants will require extended period or life-long follow up with medical specialists. Early diagnosis of congenital rubella syndrome is important for planning future medical care and educational placement.

Auditory Care
Many infants with CRS may be born with sensorineural deafness and thus should undergo a newborn hearing evaluation. Hearing loss may not be apparent at birth and thus requires close auditory follow up. Infants with confirmed hearing impairment may require hearing aids and may benefit from an early intervention program.

Ophthalmologic Care
Eye abnormalities including cataracts, infantile glaucoma and retinopathy are common in infants born with CRS. Infants should undergo eye examinations after birth and during early childhood. Those with congenital eye defects require care from a pediatric ophthalmologist for specialized care and follow up.

Cardiac Care
Congenital cardiac anomalies including pulmonary artery stenosis and patent ductus arteriosus can be seen in infants with CRS. Infants should undergo cardiac evaluation soon after birth and those with confirmed cardiac lesions will require specialized care with a pediatric cardiologist for any interventions and follow-up care.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Congenital rubella syndrome


text:
Simon Armitage

Simon Robert Armitage (born 26 May 1963) is an English poet, playwright, musician and novelist. He was appointed Poet Laureate on 10 May 2019. He is professor of poetry at the University of Leeds.

He has published over 20 collections of poetry, starting with Zoom! in 1989. Many of his poems concern his home town in West Yorkshire; these are collected in Magnetic Field: The Marsden Poems. He has translated classic poems including the Odyssey, the Alliterative Morte Arthure, Pearl, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. He has written several travel books including Moon Country and Walking Home: Travels with a Troubadour on the Pennine Way. He has edited poetry anthologies including one on the work of Ted Hughes. He has participated in numerous television and radio documentaries, dramatisations, and travelogues.

Early life and education
Armitage was born in Huddersfield, West Riding of Yorkshire, and grew up in the village of Marsden, where his family still live. He has an older sister, Hilary. His father Peter was a former electrician, probation officer and firefighter who was well known locally for writing plays and pantomimes for his all-male panto group, The Avalanche Dodgers.

He wrote his first poem aged 10 as a school assignment. Armitage first studied at Colne Valley High School, Linthwaite, and went on to study geography at Portsmouth Polytechnic. He was a postgraduate student at the University of Manchester, where his MA thesis concerned the effects of television violence on young offenders. Finding himself jobless after graduation, he decided to train as a probation officer, like his father before him. Around this time he began writing poetry more seriously, though he continued to work as a probation officer in Greater Manchester until 1994.

Career
He has lectured on creative writing at the University of Leeds and at the University of Iowa, and in 2008 was a senior lecturer at Manchester Metropolitan University. He has made literary, history and travel programmes for BBC Radio 3 and 4; and since 1992 he has written and presented a number of TV documentaries. From 2009 to 2012 he was Artist in Residence at London's South Bank, and in February 2011 he became Professor of Poetry at the University of Sheffield. In October 2017 he was appointed as the first Professor of Poetry at the University of Leeds. In 2019 he was appointed Poet Laureate for ten years, following Carol Ann Duffy. He is a trustee of the National Poetry Centre, a charity established in 2022 which plans to open "a new national home for poetry" in Leeds in 2027.

Writing

Armitage's first book-length poetry collection Zoom! was published in 1989. As well as some new poems, it contained works published in three pamphlets in 1986 and 1987. His poetry collections include Book of Matches (1993) and The Dead Sea Poems (1995). He has written two novels, Little Green Man (2001) and The White Stuff (2004), as well as All Points North (1998), a collection of essays on Northern England. He produced a dramatised version of Homer's Odyssey and a collection of poetry entitled Tyrannosaurus Rex Versus The Corduroy Kid (shortlisted for the T. S. Eliot Prize), both published in 2006. Armitage's poems feature in multiple British GCSE syllabuses for English Literature. He is characterised by a dry Yorkshire wit combined with "an accessible, realist style and critical seriousness." His translation of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (2007) was adopted for the ninth edition of The Norton Anthology of English Literature, and he was the narrator of a 2010 BBC documentary about the poem and its use of landscape.

For the Stanza Stones Trail, which runs through 47 mile of the Pennine region, Armitage composed six new poems on his walks. With the help of local expert Tom Lonsdale and letter-carver Pip Hall, the poems were carved into stones at secluded sites. A book, containing the poems and the accounts of Lonsdale and Hall, has been produced as a record of that journey and has been published by Enitharmon Press. The poems, complemented with commissioned wood engravings by Hilary Paynter, were also published in several limited editions under the title 'In Memory of Water' by Fine Press Poetry. For National Poetry Day in 2020, BT commissioned him to write "Something clicked", a reflection on lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2023 The National Trust commissioned a poem by Armitage for Brimham Rocks in North Yorkshire. Artist Adrian Riley collaborated with Armitage and stone carver Richard Dawson to create 'Balancing Act' - a gateway-like public artwork carrying Armitage's poem where the rocks meet moorland.

Writing as Poet Laureate
In 2019 Armitage's first poem as Poet Laureate, "Conquistadors", commemorating the 1969 Moon landing, was published in The Guardian. Armitage's second poem as Poet Laureate, "Finishing it", was commissioned in 2019 by the Institute of Cancer Research. Graham Short, a micro-engraver, meticulously carved the entire 51-word poem clearly onto a facsimile of a cancer treatment tablet. Armitage wrote "All Right" as part of Northern train operator's suicide prevention campaign for Mental Health Awareness Week. Their video has a soundtrack of the poem being read by Mark Addy, while the words also appear on screen. On 21 September 2019 he read his poem "Fugitives", commissioned by the Association of Areas of Natural Beauty, on Arnside Knott, Cumbria, in celebration of the 70th anniversary of the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act, during an event which included the formation of a heart outlined by people on the hillside. Armitage wrote "Ark" for the naming ceremony of the British Antarctic Survey's new ship RRS Sir David Attenborough on 26 September 2019. "the event horizon" was written in 2019 to commemorate the opening of The Oglesby Centre, an extension to Hallé St Peter's, the Halle orchestra's venue for rehearsals, recordings, education and small performances. The poem is incorporated into the building "in the form of a letter-cut steel plate situated in the entrance to the auditorium, the 'event horizon'". "Ode to a Clothes Peg" celebrates the bicentenary of John Keats' six 1819 odes of which Armitage says, "Among his greatest works, the poems are also some of the most famous in the English Language."

On 12 January 2020, Armitage gave the first reading of his poem "Astronomy for Beginners", written to celebrate the bicentenary of the Royal Astronomical Society, on BBC Radio 4's Broadcasting House. "Lockdown", first published in The Guardian on 21 March 2020, is a response to the coronavirus pandemic, referencing the Derbyshire "plague village" of Eyam, which self-isolated in 1665 to limit the spread of the Great Plague of London, and the Sanskrit poem "Meghadūta" by Kālidāsa, in which a cloud carries a message from an exile to his distant wife. Armitage read his "Still Life", another poem about the lockdown, on BBC Radio 4's Today programme on 20 April 2020. An installation of his "The Omnipresent" was part of an outdoor exhibition Everyday Heroes at London's Southbank Centre in autumn 2020. Huddersfield Choral Society commissioned Armitage to provide lyrics for works by Cheryl Frances-Hoad and Daniel Kidane, resulting in "The Song Thrush and the Mountain Ash" and "We'll Sing", which were released on video in autumn 2020. Armitage asked members of the choir to send him one word each to represent their experience of lockdown, and worked with these to produce the two lyrics. Armitage read "The Bed" in Westminster Abbey on 11 November 2020 at the commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the burial of The Unknown Warrior.

" 'I speak as someone ...' " was first published in The Times on 20 February 2021 and commemorates the 200th anniversary of the death of the poet John Keats, who died in Rome on 23 February 1821. To mark a stage in the easing of lockdown, Armitage wrote "Cocoon" which he read on BBC Radio 4's Today on 29 March 2021. "The Patriarchs – An Elegy" marks the death of Prince Philip and was released on the day of his funeral, 17 April 2021. It refers to the snow on the day of his death, and Armitage has said "I've written about a dozen laureate poems since I was appointed, but this is the first royal occasion and it feels like a big one". Armitage wrote "70 notices" in 2021 as a commission for the Off the Shelf Festival to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the creation of the Peak District National Park. "Futurama" was Armitage's response to the 2021 Cop26 conference held in Glasgow, and he said of it "I was trying to chart the peculiar dream-like state we seem to be in, where the rules and natural laws of the old world feel to be in flux". In November 2019 Armitage announced that he would donate his salary as poet laureate to create the Poetry School's Laurel Prize for a collection of poems "with nature and the environment at their heart". The prize is to be run by the Poetry School.

Armitage wrote "Resistance", about the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, published in The Guardian on 12 March 2022. He described it as "a refracted version of what is coming at us in obscene images through the news". Armitage read his "Only Human" at York Minster on 23 March 2022 during a service on the second annual National Day of Reflection to remember lives lost during the COVID-19 pandemic; the poem will be inscribed in a garden of remembrance at the Minster. For the Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II in June 2022, Armitage wrote "Queenhood". It was published in The Times on 3 June and as a signed limited-edition pamphlet sold through commercial outlets (ISBN 9780571379606), and on the royal.uk website. He published "Floral Tribute" on 13 September 2022, to commemorate the death of Elizabeth II; it takes the form of a double acrostic in which the initial letters of the lines of each of its two stanzas spell out "Elizabeth". Later that day he explained and read the poem on BBC News at Ten. To celebrate the centenary of the BBC, Armitage wrote "Transmission Report", which was broadcast on The One Show on 24 October 2022, read by a cast of BBC celebrities including Brian Cox, Michael Palin, Mary Berry and Chris Packham, accompanied by the BBC Concert Orchestra. Armitage wrote "The Making of the Flying Scotsman (a phantasmagoria)" to mark the centenary of the locomotive Flying Scotsman, which entered service on 24 February 1923. On World Poetry Day, 21 March 2023, he released his "Plum Tree Among the Skyscrapers", the first of a series of 10 works to be commissioned by the National Trust and created by Armitage and his band LYR. For the coronation of Charles III and Camilla on 6 May 2023, Armitage wrote "An Unexpected Guest", telling the tale of a woman invited to attend the coronation in Westminster Abbey, and quoting from Samuel Pepys' diary entry recording the coronation of Charles II in 1661.

In July 2023, Armitage spent time on Spitsbergen at the British Antarctic Survey's Ny-Ålesund research station, and wrote a group of poems relating to his visit. "The Summit" was published in The Guardian in October 2023, ahead of a series of four BBC Radio 4 programmes called Poet Laureate in the Arctic, broadcast from 10 October 2023.

The laureate's library tour
In November 2019 Armitage announced that each spring for ten years he would spend a week touring five to seven libraries giving a one-hour poetry reading and perhaps introducing a guest poet. The libraries were to be selected in alphabetical order: in March 2020 he was to visit places or libraries with names starting with "A" or "B" (including the British Library ), and so on until "W", "X", "Y" and "Z" in 2029. He comments: "The letter X will be interesting – does anywhere in the UK begin with X? I also want to find a way of including alphabet letters from other languages spoken in these islands such as Welsh, Urdu or Chinese, and to involve communities where English might not be the first language."

After a delay caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the first tour took place in 2021. Armitage read in various library buildings for a remote, online, live audience, beginning at Ashby-de-la-Zouch on 26 April and continuing to Belper with Helen Mort; Aberdeen with Mag Dixon; Bacup with Clare Shaw; Bootle with Amina Atiq and Eira Murphy; the British Library with Theresa Lola and Joelle Taylor; and Abington, where he officially opened the volunteer-run library on Saturday 1 May.

The 2022 tour visited libraries with initials C, D, and Welsh Ch and DD. Between 24 March and 1 April Armitage read at Chadderton with Keisha Thompson, Fateha Alam and Lawdy Karim; at Carmarthen with Ifor ap Glyn; at Clevedon with Phoebe Stuckes; at Colyton with Elizabeth-Jane Burnett; at Chatham with Patience Agbabi; at Cambridge University Library with Imtiaz Dharker; at Clydebank with Kathleen Jamie and Tawona Sitholé; and at Taigh Chearsabhagh on North Uist with Kevin MacNeil.

The 2023 tour visited libraries with initials E, F and G from 17 to 23 March. Armitage launched the tour at Exeter library, appearing with his band Land Yacht Regatta. He then read with Jane Lovell, winner of the 2021 Ginkgo Prize, at Glastonbury library; solo at Eastbourne library; with Laurel Prize-winner Matt Howard and Foyle Young Poet Jenna Hunt at Fakenham library; with Hanan Issa at Gladstone's Library in Hawarden; and with Canal Laureate Roy McFarlane and representatives of Theatre Porto and Boaty Theatre Company at Ellesmere Port library.

The 2024 tour visited libraries with initials H to K from 5 to 12 March. The launch event was held at Harlesden library, where Somali poet Asha Lul Mohamud Yusuf and her translator Clare Pollard read from her award-winning The Sea Migrations: Tahriib. Kent libraries hosted an event where Armitage joined the reading group in HM Prison East Sutton Park. At Haverfordwest library, Armitage read alongside poet, novelist and playwright Owen Sheers and Pushcart Prize nominee Bethany Handley. At The Hive, Worcester, a joint public and academic library and archive centre, Armitage read with Amelie Simon, Worcestershire's Young Poet Laureate. Armitage then visited Kirkcudbright library, to read with Lydia McMillan, one of the Scottish Poetry Library's Next Generation Young Makars in 2022, and the final event of the tour, in Haltwhistle library, celebrated 100 years of Northumberland's library service and ten years of Northumberland National Park's status as an International Dark Sky Park, with Katrina Porteous and the National Park's writer-in-residence Sheree Mack.

Performing arts
Armitage is the author of five stage plays, including Mister Heracles, a version of Euripides' The Madness of Heracles. The Last Days of Troy premiered at Shakespeare's Globe in June 2014. He was commissioned in 1996 by the National Theatre in London to write Eclipse for the National Connections series, a play inspired by the real-life disappearance of Lindsay Rimer from Hebden Bridge in 1994, and set at the time of the 1999 solar eclipse in Cornwall.

Most recently Armitage wrote the libretto for an opera scored by Scottish composer Stuart MacRae, The Assassin Tree, based on a Greek myth recounted in The Golden Bough. The opera premiered at the 2006 Edinburgh International Festival, Scotland, before moving to the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, London. Saturday Night (Century Films, BBC2, 1996) – wrote and narrated a fifty-minute poetic commentary to a documentary about nightlife in Leeds, directed by Brian Hill. In 2010, Armitage walked the 264-mile Pennine Way, walking south from Scotland to Derbyshire. Along the route he stopped to give poetry readings, often in exchange for donations of money, food or accommodation, despite the rejection of the free life seen in his 1993 poem "Hitcher", and has written a book about his journey, called Walking Home.

In 2007 he released an album of songs co-written with the musician Craig Smith, under the band name The Scaremongers.

In 2016 the arts programme 14–18 NOW commissioned a series of poems by Simon Armitage as part of a five-year programme of new artwork created specifically to mark the centenary of the First World War. The poems are a response to six aerial or panoramic photographs of battlefields from the archive of the Imperial War Museum in London. The poetry collection Still premiered at the Norfolk & Norwich Festival and has been published in partnership with Enitharmon Press.

In 2019 he was commissioned by Sky Arts to create an epic poem and film The Brink as one of 50 projects in "Art 50" looking at British Identity in the light of Brexit. The Brink looked at the British relationship with Europe, as envisioned from the closest point of the mainland to the rest of the continent – Kent.

In 2020 and 2021 Armitage produced a podcast, The Poet Laureate Has Gone to His Shed, also broadcast on BBC Radio 4, in which, while working on the medieval poem The Owl and the Nightingale, he invited a series of 20 guests to come and talk to him in his garden writing-shed; a third series began in 2023. Armitage worked with Brian Hill on Where Did The World Go?, a "pandemic poem" which "examines life and loss in lockdown and binds the whole narrative with a new, overarching poem from Armitage", and was shown on BBC Two in June 2021. In December 2020, he was featured walking from Ravenscar, along the old Cinder Track, a disused railway line, past Boggle Hole to Robin Hood's Bay, in the Winter Walks series on BBC Four. In August 2022 Armitage presented Larkin Revisited, a BBC Radio 4 series commemorating Philip Larkin's centenary, examining a single Larkin poem in each of the ten episodes.

Personal life
Armitage lives in the Holme Valley, West Yorkshire, close to his family home in Marsden. His first wife was Alison Tootell: they married in 1991. He then married radio producer Sue Roberts; they have a daughter, Emmeline, born in 2000. Emmeline won the 2017 SLAMbassadors national youth poetry slam for 13-18-year-olds. Continuing in both her father's and grandfather's tradition, she is a member of the National Youth Theatre and a singer.

He is a supporter of his local football team, Huddersfield Town, and refers to it many times in his book All Points North (1996). He is also a birdwatcher.

Music
Armitage is the first poet laureate who is also a disc jockey. He is a music fan, especially of The Smiths. During what his wife Sue described as "a bit of a mid-life crisis", Armitage and his college friend Craig Smith founded the band The Scaremongers. Their only album, Born in a Barn, was released in 2010. Armitage is the lead singer of LYR (Land Yacht Regatta), a band he is in alongside Richard Walters and Patrick J Pearson. The band is signed to Mercury KX, part of Decca Records. They released their debut album Call in the Crash Team in 2020 and a single, "Winter Solstice", in 2021 featuring Wendy Smith from Prefab Sprout.

In May 2020 Armitage was the guest on BBC Radio 4's Desert Island Discs. His choice of music included David Bowie's "Moonage Daydream"; his chosen book was the Oxford English Dictionary, and his luxury was a tennis ball.

Awards

 * 1988 Eric Gregory Award
 * 1989 Zoom! made a Poetry Book Society Choice
 * 1992 Forward Poetry Prize for Kid
 * 1993 Sunday Times Young Writer of the Year
 * 1994 Lannan Award
 * 1995 Forward Poetry Prize for The Dead Sea Poems
 * 1998 Yorkshire Post Book of the Year for All Points North
 * 2003 BAFTA winner
 * 2003 Ivor Novello Award for song-writing
 * 2004 Fellow of Royal Society for Literature
 * 2005 Spoken Word Award (Gold) for The Odyssey
 * 2006 Royal Television Society Documentary Award for Out of the Blue
 * 2008 The Not Dead (C4, Century Films) Mental Health in the Media Documentary Film Winner
 * 2010 Seeing Stars made a Poetry Book Society Choice
 * 2010 Keats-Shelley Prize for Poetry
 * 2010 Appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the Queen's Birthday Honours List, for services to literature
 * 2012 The Death of King Arthur made Poetry Book Society Choice
 * 2012 Hay Festival Medal for Poetry
 * 2012 T. S. Eliot Prize, shortlist, The Death of King Arthur
 * 2015 Oxford professor of poetry (4-year appointment)
 * 2017 PEN America Poetry in Translation Prize for Pearl: A New Verse Translation
 * 2018 Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry "for his body of work"
 * 2019 Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom, appointed for 10 years

Honorary degrees

 * 1996 Doctor of Letters, University of Portsmouth
 * 1996 Honorary Doctorate, University of Huddersfield
 * 2009 Honorary Doctorate, Sheffield Hallam University
 * 2011 Doctor of the University, The Open University
 * 2015 Honorary Doctor of Letters, University of Leeds

Poetry collections

 * Zoom! (Bloodaxe Books, 1989)
 * Kid (Faber and Faber, 1992)
 * Xanadu (Bloodaxe Books, 1992)
 * Book of Matches (Faber and Faber, 1993)
 * The Dead Sea Poems (Faber and Faber, 1995)
 * CloudCuckooLand (Faber and Faber, 1997)
 * Killing Time (Faber and Faber, 1999)
 * Selected Poems (Faber and Faber, 2001, contains poems from 6 earlier books)
 * The Universal Home Doctor (Faber and Faber, 2002)
 * Travelling Songs (Faber and Faber, 2002)
 * The Shout: Selected Poems (Harcourt, 2005)
 * Tyrannosaurus Rex Versus The Corduroy Kid (Faber and Faber, 2006)
 * The Not Dead (Pomona Books, 2008)
 * Out of the Blue (Enitharmon Press, 2008)
 * Seeing Stars (Faber and Faber, 2010)
 * Stanza Stones (Enitharmon Press, 2013)
 * Paper Aeroplane, Selected Poems 1989–2014 (Faber and Faber, 2014, contains poems from earlier collections)
 * Still – A Poetic Response to Photographs of the Somme Battlefield (Enitharmon Press, 2016)
 * The Unaccompanied (Faber and Faber, 2017)
 * Sandettie Light Vessel Automatic (Faber and Faber, 2019)
 * Magnetic Field: The Marsden Poems (Faber and Faber, 2020, contains poems from earlier collections)

Translation

 * Homer's Odyssey (2006)

 * The Death of King Arthur (2012), a translation of the Alliterative Morte Arthure
 * Pearl (2017)
 * Sir Gawain and The Green Knight (2018) [2007], new revised translation, illustrated by Clive Hicks-Jenkins
 * The Owl and the Nightingale (2021)

Pamphlets and limited editions

 * Human Geography (Smith/Doorstop Books, 1986)
 * Distance Between Stars (Wide Skirt, 1987)
 * The Walking Horses (Slow Dancer, 1988)
 * Around Robinson (Slow Dancer, 1991)
 * The Anaesthetist (Clarion, Illustrated by Velerii Mishin, 1994)
 * Five Eleven Ninety Nine (Clarion, Illustrated by Toni Goffe, 1995)
 * Machinery of Grace: A Tribute to Michael Donaghy (Poetry Society, 2005), Contributor
 * The North Star (University of Aberdeen, 2006), Contributor
 * The Motorway Service Station as a Destination in its Own Right (Smith/Doorstop Books, 2010)
 * In Memory of Water – The Stanza Stones poems. (Wood engravings by Hilary Paynter. Fine Press Poetry, 2013)
 * Considering the Poppy – (Wood engravings by Chris Daunt. Fine Press Poetry, 2014)
 * Waymarkings – (Wood engravings by Hilary Paynter. Fine Press Poetry, 2016)
 * New Cemetery (Published by propolis, 2017)
 * Exit the Known World – (Wood engravings by Hilary Paynter. Fine Press Poetry, 2018)
 * Flit – (Poetry and photographs by Simon Armitage. Yorkshire Sculpture Park, 2018, 40th anniversary edition)
 * Hansel and Gretel – (A new narrative poem by Simon Armitage, illustrated by Clive Hicks-Jenkins. Design for Today, 2019)
 * Gymnasium – (Drawings by Antony Gormley. Fine Press Poetry, 2019)
 * Tract – (Paintings by Hughie O'Donoghue. Fine Press Poetry, 2021)
 * The Bed – (Painting by Alison Watt. Fine Press Poetry, 2021)
 * 70 Notices – (A celebration to mark 70 years of The Peak District as a National Park. Frontispiece by David Robertson. Fine Press Poetry, 2021)
 * Queenhood - (A poem for the Queen's Platinum Jubilee. Faber, 2022)
 * Tribute: Three Commemorative Poems (Faber, 2022)
 * LX – (A signed limited edition pamphlet to celebrate Armitage's 60th birthday. Faber, 2023)
 * The Cryosphere (Faber, 2023)
 * Blossomise (Faber/National Trust, 2024)

As editor

 * Penguin Modern Poets: Book 5 (with Sean O'Brien and Tony Harrison, 1995)
 * The Penguin Book of Poetry from Britain and Ireland since 1945 (with Robert Crawford, 1998)
 * Short and Sweet: 101 Very Short Poems (1999)
 * Ted Hughes Poems: Selected by Simon Armitage (2000)
 * The Poetry of Birds (with Tim Dee, 2009)

As author

 * Moon Country (with Glyn Maxwell, 1996)
 * Eclipse (1997)
 * All Points North (1998)
 * Mister Heracles After Euripides (2000)
 * Little Green Man (2001)
 * The White Stuff (2004)
 * King Arthur in the East Riding (Pocket Penguins, 2005)
 * Jerusalem (2005)
 * The Twilight Readings (2008)
 * Gig: The Life and Times of a Rock-star Fantasist (2008)
 * Walking Home: Travels with a Troubadour on the Pennine Way (2012)
 * Walking Away: Further Travels with a Troubadour on the South West Coast Path (2015)
 * Mansions in the Sky (2017)
 * Never Good with Horses: Assembled Lyrics (2023)

Selected television and radio works

 * Second Draft from Saga Land – six programmes for BBC Radio 3 on W. H. Auden and Louis MacNeice.
 * Eyes of a Demigod – on Victor Grayson commissioned by BBC Radio 3.
 * The Amherst Myth – on Emily Dickinson, for BBC Radio 4.
 * Points of Reference – on the history of navigation and orientation, for BBC Radio 4.
 * From Salford to Jericho – A verse drama for BBC Radio 4.
 * To Bahia and Beyond – Five travelogue features in verse with Glyn Maxwell from Brazil and the Amazon for BBC Radio 3.
 * The Bayeux Tapestry – A six-part dramatisation, with Geoff Young, for BBC Radio 3.
 * Saturday Night (1996) – Century Films/BBC TV
 * A Tree Full of Monkeys (2002) – commissioned by BBC Radio 3, with Zoviet France.
 * The Odyssey (2004) – A three-part dramatisation for BBC Radio 4.
 * Writing the City (2005) – commissioned by BBC Radio 3.
 * Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (2010) – BBC documentary
 * Gods and Monsters — Homer's Odyssey (2010) – BBC documentary
 * The Making of King Arthur (2010) – BBC documentary
 * The Pendle Witch Child (2011) – BBC documentary, examining the role of Jennet Device in the Pendle Witch Trials
 * Black Roses: The Killing of Sophie Lancaster (2011), consisting of poems telling the story of Sophie Lancaster's life, together with the personal recollections of her mother.
 * The Last Days of Troy (2015) – A two-part dramatisation for BBC Radio 4.
 * ''The Brink (2018) – a meditation on the British relationship with Europe in the light of Brexit. For Sky Arts.
 * The Poet Laureate Has Gone to His Shed (2020, 2021 and 2023) – BBC Radio 4 series and podcast, three series of 12, 9 and 8 episodes
 * Poet Laureate in the Arctic (2023) – BBC Radio 4 four-part series.

title: Simon Armitage


text:
List of people from Quebec

This is a list of notable people who are from Quebec, Canada, or have spent a large part or formative part of their career in that province.

Anchors

 * Kim Brunhuber, former CBC anchor / CNN newscaster journalist broadcaster
 * Pierre Bruneau, TVA
 * Nathalie Chung, RDI / SRC
 * Bernard Derome, SRC / RDI
 * Simon Durivage, RDI / SRC$$
 * Céline Galipeau, SRC / RDI
 * Bill Haugland, CTV
 * Jean-Luc Mongrain, TQS, TVA
 * Pascale Nadeau, SRC
 * Mutsumi Takahashi, CTV
 * Sophie Thibault, TVA
 * Todd van der Heyden, CTV

Artists and entertainers

 * Denys Arcand, screenwriter and director
 * Paul Arcand, radio personality and cinematographer
 * Gilles Archambault, novelist and commentator
 * André Arthur, radio personality, independent federal MP
 * Eva Avila, singer
 * Rachid Badouri, comedian
 * Pierre Bouvier, rock singer
 * René Balcer, film and TV writer and producer
 * Raoul Barré, inventor, cartoonist and animator of the silent film era
 * Michel Barrette, stand-up comedian, actor
 * Jay Baruchel, actor, director, writer
 * Victor-Lévy Beaulieu, author
 * Daniel Bélanger, singer
 * Marie-Claire Blais, author
 * Paul Bley, jazz pianist and composer
 * Lothaire Bluteau, actor
 * La Bolduc, singer
 * Paul-Émile Borduas, abstract painter
 * Isabelle Boulay, singer
 * Gerry Boulet, singer-songwriter
 * Claudia Bouvette, singer-songwriter and actress
 * Pierre Bouvier, lead singer of Simple Plan
 * Glenda Braganza, actress
 * Michel Brault, cinematographer, pioneer of the esthetic of handheld camera, director, producer
 * Geneviève Bujold, actress
 * Pascale Bussières, actress
 * Win Butler, singer-songwriter
 * Roch Carrier, author
 * Charles Carson, painter
 * Robert Charlebois, singer-songwriter
 * Régine Chassagne, singer-songwriter, and instrumentalist from Arcade Fire
 * Coeur de Pirate born Béatrice Martin, pianist, singer-songwriter
 * Leonard Cohen, poet, author and songwriter
 * Marie-Josée Croze, actress
 * Peter Cullen, voice actor
 * Chuck Comeau, drummer and singer
 * Elisha Cuthbert, actress (born in Alberta, raised in Quebec)
 * Sylvia Daoust, sculptor
 * Charles Daudelin, sculptor
 * Esther Delisle, historian and author
 * Yvon Deschamps, author and comedian
 * Céline Dion, singer
 * Xavier Dolan, actor, director, screenwriter, editor, costume designer, and voice actor
 * Georges Dor, chansonnier, songwriter, author, playwright
 * Hélène Dorion, poet
 * Fifi D'Orsay, actress
 * Jean Duceppe, comedian
 * Quilla, singer-songwriter
 * Louis Dudek, poet and literary critic
 * Diane Dufresne, singer and painter
 * Roy Dupuis, actor
 * Marcelle Ferron, glazier
 * Jennifer Finnigan, actress
 * Serge Fiori, singer-songwriter
 * Glenn Ford, actor
 * Garou, singer
 * Mitsou Gélinas, pop star, radio and TV host, actress
 * Jean-Claude Germain, playwright, author
 * Huntley Gordon, actor
 * Pierre Granche, sculptor
 * Bruce Greenwood, actor, producer
 * Sylvain Grenier, professional wrestler
 * Anne Hébert, poet and novelist
 * Prudence Heward, painter
 * Airat Ichmouratov, composer and orchestra conductor
 * Pierre Jalbert, actor, champion skier and film editor
 * Will James, artist and writer of the American West
 * René Jodoin, animator, director and producer
 * Oliver Jones, jazz pianist
 * Claude Jutra, director, actor
 * Florence La Badie, actress
 * Éric Lapointe, singer
 * Pierre Lapointe, singer
 * Stéphanie Lapointe, singer
 * Carole Laure, singer, actress
 * Lucie Laurier, actress
 * Daniel Lavoie, singer-songwriter and actor (born in Manitoba, active in Quebec)
 * Louise Lecavalier, dancer
 * Félix Leclerc, poet and songwriter
 * Jean Leloup, singer
 * Félix Lengyel, Twitch streamer and former professional player in the Overwatch League
 * Robert Lepage, playwright, actor and film director
 * Édouard Lock, choreographer
 * Norm Macdonald, actor, comedian
 * Marie-Mai Bouchard, singer
 * Marilou Bourdon, singer
 * André Mathieu, pianist and composer
 * Norman McLaren, director, animator
 * Guido Molinari, abstract painter
 * Edythe Morahan de Lauzon, poet
 * Jean-Paul Mousseau, muralist
 * Ben Mulroney, television personality; son of Brian
 * Émile Nelligan, poet
 * Maryse Ouellet, wrestler
 * P. Reign, hip hop artist (born in Quebec, raised in Ontario)
 * Kevin Parent, singer-songwriter
 * Bruno Pelletier, singer
 * Pierre Perrault, documentarist, poet
 * Oscar Peterson, jazz pianist
 * Luc Plamondon, songwriter
 * Mordecai Richler, author
 * Jean-Paul Riopelle, painter
 * Michel Rivard, singer-songwriter
 * Michael Sarrazin, actor
 * Anne Savage, painter
 * Mack Sennett, director
 * William Shatner, actor
 * Douglas Shearer, sound director, designer
 * Norma Shearer, actress
 * René Simard, singer, TV show host
 * Devon Soltendieck, television personality
 * Eva Tanguay, singer, vaudeville star
 * Miyuki Tanobe, painter
 * Diane Tell, singer-songwriter
 * Marie-Élaine Thibert, singer
 * Michel Tremblay, playwright, author
 * Roland Michel Tremblay, author, poet, scriptwriter
 * Armand Vaillancourt, sculptor, performance artist, social activist
 * Pierre Vallières, author, political activist
 * Gino Vannelli, singer and composer
 * Gilles Vigneault, poet and songwriter
 * Annie Villeneuve, singer
 * Arthur Villeneuve, painter
 * Denis Villeneuve, director
 * Andrée Watters, singer
 * Hal Willis born Leonald Francis Gauthier, singer

Business

 * H. Montagu Allan, businessman
 * Hugh Allan, shipping company operator
 * Laurent Beaudoin, CEO of Bombardier
 * Conrad Black, media mogul
 * Charles Bronfman, investor, developer
 * Edgar Bronfman, Sr., investor, distiller
 * Samuel Bronfman, distiller
 * Donald J. Carty, airline executive
 * André Chagnon, entrepreneur and philanthropist
 * Thomas Cleeve, food producer
 * Jean Coutu, retail pharmacy chain
 * Alphonse Desjardins, father of credit unions in America
 * Marie-Josée Drouin, economist
 * Alexander Galt, businessman, statesman
 * Mitch Garber, gaming, hotel executive, philanthropist
 * Guy Laliberté, founder of Cirque du Soleil
 * Bernard Lemaire, businessman and engineer
 * Jean-Louis Lévesque, financier
 * William Christoper Macdonald, tobacco manufacturer, philanthropist
 * John Wilson McConnell, publisher, philanthropist
 * James McGill, fur trader, real estate investor
 * Hartland Molson, brewer, sportsman, statesman
 * John Molson, brewer, transportation pioneer
 * Pierre Péladeau, media mogul
 * John Redpath, developer, opened first sugar refinery in Canada
 * Denis Stairs, Chairman, Montreal Engineering Co.
 * Sam Steinberg, grocery store magnate
 * Donald Tarlton, record producer, promoter
 * Colin Webster, industrialist, philanthropist

Politicians

 * John Abbott
 * Adrien Arcand
 * André Boisclair
 * Lucien Bouchard
 * Andrée Boucher
 * Henri Bourassa
 * Robert Bourassa
 * Pierre Bourgault
 * George-Étienne Cartier, a father of the Canadian Confederation
 * Thérèse Casgrain
 * Jean Charest
 * Jean Chrétien, 20th Prime Minister of Canada
 * Irwin Cotler
 * Jean Drapeau
 * Pierre Ducasse
 * Gilles Duceppe
 * Maurice Duplessis
 * Ludger Duvernay
 * Francis Fox
 * Steven Guilbeault
 * Lomer Gouin
 * Michaëlle Jean, Governor General of Canada
 * Daniel Johnson, Sr.
 * Régis Labeaume
 * Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine
 * Bernard Landry
 * Hector-Louis Langevin, a father of the Canadian Confederation
 * Pierre Laporte
 * Wilfrid Laurier
 * Jean Lesage
 * René Lévesque
 * Yolette Lévy
 * John Lynch-Staunton
 * Sean Patrick Maloney, Canadian/American politician and U.S. Representative for the state of New York since 2013; naturalized U.S. citizen
 * Pauline Marois
 * Thomas D'Arcy McGee, a father of the Canadian Confederation
 * Honoré Mercier
 * Yves Michaud
 * Brian Mulroney, 18th Prime Minister of Canada and father of etalk host Ben Mulroney
 * John Neilson
 * Robert Nelson
 * Wolfred Nelson
 * Edmund Bailey O'Callaghan
 * Louis-Joseph Papineau
 * Jacques Parizeau
 * Claude Ryan
 * Louis Stephen St-Laurent
 * Étienne-Paschal Taché, a father of the Canadian Confederation
 * Louis-Alexandre Taschereau
 * Daniel Tracey
 * Pierre Elliott Trudeau, 15th Prime Minister of Canada; father of current PM Justin Trudeau
 * François Legault

Sciences

 * Sidney Altman, Nobel Prize winner
 * Daniel Borsuk, plastic surgeon, first Canadian to perform face transplant
 * Pierre Dansereau, father of ecology
 * Paul David, cardiologist
 * George Mercer Dawson, scientist
 * Reginald Fessenden, inventor
 * Armand Frappier, researcher in microbiology and immunology
 * Marc Garneau, astronaut, first Quebecer and Canadian in space, Minister of Transportation, Minister of Foreign Affairs
 * David H. Levy, astronomer
 * William Edmond Logan, geologist
 * Rudolph A. Marcus, 1992 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
 * Henry Morgentaler, physician, abortion-rights activist, president of Humanist Association of Canada
 * Julie Payette, astronaut, first Quebec woman in space, Governor General of Canada
 * Wilder Penfield, neurosurgeon, medical scientist
 * Simon Plouffe, mathematician and discoverer of the BBP formula
 * Hubert Reeves, astrophysicist
 * Hans Selye, inventor of the concept of physiological stress
 * Henri Wittmann, linguist
 * David Saint-Jacques, astronaut

Sports

 * Jennifer Abel, diver
 * Dave Abelson (born 1975), tennis player
 * Jasey-Jay Anderson, snowboarder
 * Sebastien Toutant, snowboarder
 * Joel Anthony, basketball player
 * Alex Anthopoulos, baseball manager
 * Myriam Bédard, biathlete, Olympic gold medalist
 * Josée Bélanger, soccer player, Olympic bronze medalist
 * Tanith Belbin, figureskater
 * Jean Béliveau, ice hockey player
 * Chris Benoît, professional wrestler
 * Mike Bossy, ice hockey player
 * Eugenie Bouchard (born 1994), professional tennis player
 * Gaétan Boucher, speed skater
 * Ray Bourque, ice hockey player
 * Patrice Bergeron-Cleary, ice hockey player
 * Adam Braz (born 1981), soccer player and Technical Director of the Montreal Impact of Major League Soccer
 * Martin Brodeur, ice hockey goalie
 * Marc-Olivier Brouillette, professional football player
 * Hy Buller (1926–1968), All Star NHL ice hockey player
 * Dayana Cadeau, Haitian-born Canadian American professional bodybuilder
 * Gabrielle Carle soccer player
 * Patrick Carpentier, IRL race car driver
 * Maude Charron, weightlifter
 * Samuel Dalembert, basketball player
 * Jason Demers (born 1988), ice hockey player
 * Éric Desjardins, ice hockey player
 * Étienne Desmarteau, Olympic athlete
 * Alexandre Despatie, diver
 * Marcel Dionne, ice hockey player
 * Steve Dubinsky (born 1970), ice hockey player
 * Terry Farnsworth (born 1942), Olympic judoka
 * Leylah Fernandez, tennis player
 * Marc-André Fleury, ice hockey player
 * Gottfried Fuchs (1889–1972), German-Canadian Olympic soccer player
 * Éric Gagné, baseball player
 * Marc Gagnon, short-track speed skater
 * Arturo Gatti, boxer
 * Bernie "Boom Boom" Geoffrion, ice hockey player
 * Doug Harvey, ice hockey player
 * Émilie Heymans, diver
 * Alex Hilton, boxer
 * Dave Hilton Jr., boxer
 * Matthew Hilton, boxer
 * Garry Kallos (born 1956), wrestler and sambo competitor
 * Guy Lafleur (1951–2022), ice hockey player
 * Sébastien Lareau, professional tennis player
 * René Lecavalier, broadcaster
 * Vincent Lecavalier, ice hockey player
 * Cathy LeFrançois, IFBB professional bodybuilder
 * Mario Lemieux, ice hockey player
 * Kris Letang, ice hockey player
 * Roberto Luongo, ice hockey player
 * Joe Malone, ice hockey player
 * Rick Martel, professional wrestler
 * Rick Martin, ice hockey player
 * Russell Martin, baseball player
 * Marie-Eve Nault, soccer player, olympic bronze medalist
 * Maryse Ouellet, professional wrestler, Former WWE Divas Champion
 * Kevin Owens, professional wrestler, Former WWE Universal Champion
 * Cory Pecker (born 1981), ice hockey player
 * Gilbert Perreault, ice hockey player
 * Chantal Petitclerc, wheelchair racer
 * Rocco Placentino, soccer player
 * Jacques Plante, ice hockey goalie
 * Manon Rhéaume, ice hockey goalie
 * Henri Richard, ice hockey player
 * Maurice Richard, ice hockey player
 * René Robert, ice hockey player
 * Yvon Robert, professional wrestler
 * Jacques Rougeau, professional wrestler
 * Patrick Roy, ice hockey goalie
 * Eliezer Sherbatov (born 1991), Canadian-Israeli ice hockey player
 * Martin St. Louis, ice hockey player
 * Lance Stroll (born 1998), Formula 1 Driver
 * Georges St-Pierre, former UFC Welterweight Champion of the world
 * Ronnie Stern (born 1967), ice hockey player
 * Howard Stupp (born 1955), Olympic wrestler
 * Ari Taub (born 1971), Olympic Greco-Roman wrestler
 * Donald Theetge, racecar driver
 * José Théodore, ice hockey goaltender
 * Charles Thiffault (born 1939), NHL ice hockey coach
 * Maurice Vachon, professional wrestler
 * Gilles Villeneuve, F1 race car driver
 * Jacques Villeneuve, F1 race car driver; son of Gilles Villeneuve
 * Edson Warner, Olympian, marksman
 * Brian Wilks (born 1966), NHL hockey player
 * Rhian Wilkinson, soccer player, two times Olympic bronze medalist
 * Bernie Wolfe (born 1951), NHL hockey player
 * Gump Worsley, ice hockey player
 * Aleksandra Wozniak, tennis player
 * Larry "Rock" Zeidel (1928–2014), ice hockey player

Other

 * Louise Arbour, Supreme Court Justice (The Hague and Canada)
 * André Bessette, thaumaturge and founder of the St-Joseph's Oratory
 * Jean Blouf, colonist
 * Henri Raymond Casgrain, priest, author, historian
 * Michel Chartrand, union leader and left-wing activist
 * George Comer, polar explorer
 * Ernest Cormier, architect
 * Aurélie Crépeau, nun, founded the Grey Nuns of Nicolet, established the Hôtel-Dieu De Nicolet
 * Louis Cyr, strongman
 * Northrop Frye, academic and literary critic
 * Lionel Groulx, priest, historian
 * René Marc Jalbert, soldier and hero of 1984 shooting at the National Assembly of Quebec
 * Louis Joliet, explorer
 * Madeleine Juneau, museologist, teacher, nun
 * Jean-Baptiste Kelly, vicar-general
 * Antoine Labelle, priest and builder
 * Régine Laurent, trade unionist
 * Zoé Laurier, wife of Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier
 * Paul-Émile Léger, Roman Catholic cardinal
 * Lyse Lemieux, Chief Justice of the Superior Court of Quebec
 * René Lepage de Ste-Claire, lord-founder of Rimouski
 * Bernard Lonergan, SJ, Jesuit priest, philosopher, theologian
 * Simon Mailloux, first Canadian soldier with an amputation to deploy on a combat mission
 * Jos Montferrand, French-Canadian hero
 * Édouard Montpetit, lawyer, economist, scholar
 * Bruno Pauletto, physiologist, shot putter, businessman, coach, author
 * Mélanie Paquin, beauty pageant winner
 * Hélène Pelletier-Baillargeon, journalist and writer
 * Pacifique Plante, crime-fighting lawyer
 * Joseph-Octave Plessis, archbishop
 * Roméo Sabourin, SOE agent, executed by the Nazis
 * Charles de Salaberry, soldier
 * Charles Taylor, philosopher

title: List of people from Quebec