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Mighty Morphin Power Rangers

Mighty Morphin Power Rangers (MMPR) is an American superhero television series that premiered on August 28, 1993, on the Fox Kids programming block. It is the first entry of the Power Rangers franchise, and became a 1990s pop culture phenomenon along with a large line of toys, action figures, and other merchandise. The show adapted stock footage from the Japanese TV series Kyōryū Sentai Zyuranger (1992–1993), which was the 16th installment of Toei's Super Sentai franchise. The second and third seasons of the show drew elements and stock footage from Gosei Sentai Dairanger and Ninja Sentai Kakuranger, respectively, though the Zyuranger costumes were still used for the lead cast in these two seasons. Only the mecha and the Kiba Ranger (White Ranger) costume from Dairanger were featured in the second season while only the Kakuranger mecha was featured in the third season, though the Kakuranger costumes were later used for the mini-series Mighty Morphin Alien Rangers. The series was produced by MMPR Productions and distributed by Saban Entertainment, while the show's merchandise was produced and distributed by Bandai Entertainment.

While a global storyline would continue in Power Rangers Zeo, Power Rangers Turbo, Power Rangers in Space, and Power Rangers Lost Galaxy (which could be considered respectively and unofficially as the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh seasons of the original series), the subsequent series would not be sequels or spin-offs in the traditional sense, having self-contained plots with no strong connection with the original series (except taking place in the same universe, not being reboots). The exceptions would be Power Rangers Dino Thunder, which could be considered as a continuation of the original classic series by having the presence of the character Tommy Oliver (the Green Ranger and later White Ranger, portrayed by Jason David Frank) as part of the regular team of Rangers of the generation of that series (in some of the other series the character only made special participations). Another series connected to the original classic series would be Power Rangers Operation Overdrive, as one of the main villains of this series, Thrax, is the son of Rita Repulsa and Lord Zedd, main villains of the classic series.

In 2010, a remake of Mighty Morphin Power Rangers, with a revised new look of the original 1993 logo, comic book-referenced graphics, and extra alternative visual effects, was broadcast on ABC Kids, and Bandai produced brand new toys to coincide with the series. Only the first 32 of season one's 60 episodes were remade. It was the final Power Rangers season to air on ABC Kids as Haim Saban re-acquired the franchise from Disney, who took over the rights in 2002. With the beginning of Power Rangers Samurai in 2011, the franchise had moved to Nickelodeon.

The original series also spawned the feature film Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie, released by 20th Century Fox on June 30, 1995. Despite mixed reviews, it was a success at the box office, and earned a cult following. In 1997, a second film titled Turbo: A Power Rangers Movie was released as a bridge between the series Power Rangers Zeo and Power Rangers Turbo. In 2017, a reboot film based on the original series was distributed by Lionsgate, simply titled Power Rangers. Due to both the film's financial failure and Hasbro's acquisition of the franchise in 2018, another reboot is in development.

A television special titled Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Once & Always commemorated the 30th anniversary of Mighty Morphin Power Rangers and premiered on Netflix on April 19, 2023, with returning cast members David Yost, Walter Emanuel Jones, Steve Cardenas, Johnny Yong Bosch, Karan Ashley, Catherine Sutherland, Barbara Goodson, and Richard Steven Horvitz who reprised their roles. Charlie Kersh portrayed Minh, the daughter of Trini Kwan and the third Yellow Ranger.

Season 1 (1993–1994)
The series takes place in the fictional town of Angel Grove, California. On an exploratory mission on the moon, two astronauts discover an extraterrestrial container (referred to as a dumpster) and breach the unit, inadvertently releasing the evil alien sorceress Rita Repulsa and her minions from 10,000 years of confinement. Upon her release, she and her army of evil space aliens set their sights on conquering the nearest planet—Earth. The wise sage Zordon, who was responsible for capturing Rita, later becomes aware of her release and orders his robotic assistant Alpha 5 to select five "teenagers with attitude" to defend the Earth from Rita's attacks. The five teens chosen are Jason Lee Scott, Kimberly Hart, Zack Taylor, Trini Kwan, and Billy Cranston. Zordon gives them the ability to transform into a superhuman fighting force known as the Power Rangers. This provides them with formidable abilities and an arsenal of weapons, as well as colossal assault vehicles called Zords which can combine into a giant humanoid robot known as the Megazord.

The series begins with the five teenagers combating Rita and her seemingly endless array of monsters, while also dealing with typical teenage problems and clashing with local bullies Bulk and Skull. However, consecutive failures lead Rita to adopt a new method for conquering Earth and destroying the Power Rangers—by attacking them with one of their own. Using her magic, Rita kidnaps and brainwashes a local teen whose fighting skills prove to equal that of Jason's in a martial-arts tournament held in Angel Grove. The new teen, Tommy Oliver, passes Rita's tests, becoming the Green Ranger. Entrusted with Rita's Sword of Darkness, the source for the continuance of the evil spell he has fallen victim to, Tommy comes dangerously close to defeating the Power Rangers. After sabotaging the Command Center and cutting off Zordon's connection to their dimension, Tommy helps Rita strike another blow to the Rangers when the Megazord is drained of its power in battle by a solar eclipse and then blasted into a molten lava crevice. However, Alpha eventually succeeds in reestablishing connection with Zordon, who then revives the Megazord. With it, the Rangers stop Tommy's rampage on Angel Grove with his Dragonzord, and Jason ultimately defeats Tommy in a one-on-one duel by destroying the Sword of Darkness. Now free from Rita's spell, Tommy chooses to use his Green Ranger powers to assist the Rangers in defeating the evil that gave them to him in the first place, and the Dragonzord is reconfigured to enable it to help form more powerful Zord combinations alongside the other Dinozords.

As time goes on, Rita focuses on eliminating Tommy to regain the powers that she believes belong to her. Using a special wax that was touched by Tommy when he was evil, Rita uses a magic Green Candle to slowly remove his powers, returning them to her. In the end, Tommy loses his powers, but he prevents Rita from reclaiming them by transferring them to Jason who, feeling guilt for failing to protect Tommy's powers, accepts them. However, Tommy later returns to the team when the other Rangers' Power Coins are handed over to Rita in exchange for their kidnapped parents. With Zordon's help, Tommy regains his powers and successfully retrieves the other Rangers' Power Coins. However, Tommy's regained powers are only temporary and must be frequently re-charged by Zordon, who warns him that the Green Ranger's powers will ultimately fail. Despite this, Tommy remains determined to continue assisting the other Rangers as long as possible.

Season 2 (1994–1995)
Lord Zedd, an intergalactic warlord and Rita's superior, arrives at Rita's Moon Palace, where he takes her place and throws her into a space dumpster again. He then begins his own campaign to conquer Earth. In order for the Power Rangers to compete with Zedd's monsters, which are superior to the ones Finster made by Rita, Zordon and Alpha upgrade the Dinozords into the more powerful Thunderzords (which combine into the Thunder Megazord). However, Tommy is forced to retain use of the Dragonzord, due to his Green Ranger powers being too weak to support a new Zord.

After several defeats, Zedd's attacks on the Rangers progressively become more violent. He focuses his attention on eliminating Tommy, whom he sees as Rita's biggest mistake in giving him the Dragon Power Coin. The Green Ranger's powers were rapidly deteriorating, but Zedd's efforts had enhanced the process. He eventually does so with a special Green Crystal, using it to take away the Green Ranger's powers. The crystal also powers up Zedd's Dark Rangers, but when Tommy smashes it, the Dark Rangers are sent away. Nevertheless, Zedd finally succeeds in taking the Green Ranger's powers (which Rita later uses to power Tommy's clone to battle against the Rangers before reclaiming it once more). Following the loss of the Green Ranger's powers, Zordon and Alpha create, in secret, a new White Ranger to aid the other Rangers in battle. The White Ranger is revealed to be Tommy, who in addition receives a new Zord, the Tigerzord, and also becomes the new leader of the Power Rangers (replacing Jason), with a power that cannot be controlled or taken by the forces of evil.

During the Team Ninja Trials in Angel Grove, the Rangers become friends with three teenagers from Stone Canyon: Rocky DeSantos, Adam Park and Aisha Campbell. During an ensuing battle with Zedd and a magical serpent, Rocky, Adam and Aisha discover the Rangers' identities and, having been entrusted with their secret by Zordon, the three newcomers become allies of the Rangers.

Later on, Jason, Zack and Trini are selected to represent Angel Grove at the World Peace Conference in Geneva, Switzerland, and the Rangers are faced with the task of finding replacements. To transfer the powers of the Red, Black and Yellow Rangers, they must find the Sword of Light, which is located on a Deserted Planet. Zedd pursues them across the galaxy in Serpentera, his massive personal Zord, and destroys most of the Deserted Planet. Serpentera runs out of power before being able to finish the Rangers, and they return to Earth safely with the Sword of Light. Zordon then chooses Rocky, Adam and Aisha to replace Jason, Zack and Trini as the Red, Black and Yellow Rangers, respectively.

Sometime before the power transfer, during the time when Tommy was being turned into the white ranger, Rita had returned to Earth and fell into the hands of Bulk and Skull, but the Rangers sent her back into space. She later returns to the Moon while the Rangers are in Australia, and with the help of Finster, she gets a special "makeover" to gain a younger and "prettier" face. She then uses a love potion on Zedd, who is in a deep sleep during his centennial re-evilizer, and he falls in love with her when he wakes up. They get married and join forces to make an even more terrible threat for the Rangers, but not even this can prepare them for what is to come.

Season 3 (1995)
Rito Revolto, Rita's skeletal brother, comes to Earth and with the help of a group of monsters, destroys the Rangers' Thunderzords and the Tigerzord. As a result, the Dinozords are also destroyed and the Power Coins are damaged beyond repair. Undaunted, the Power Rangers seek the aid of Ninjor, alleged creator of the Power Coins, who gives them new Ninja Coins, providing them with the even more powerful Ninjazords (which combine into the Ninja Megazord) and the Falconzord.

An Australian girl named Katherine Hillard moves to Angel Grove. She befriends the rangers and displays an intense affection for Tommy. Later it is found out that Rita had captured Katherine and put her under a powerful spell, giving her the ability to transform into a cat as well as a cat-like monster. Under this spell, she steals Kimberly's Ninja power Coin, vastly weakening and nearly killing the Pink Ranger, whose life force, like that of the other Rangers, is connected to her Ninja Coin. It is during this time that the Rangers acquire their most powerful Zords: the Shogunzords (which combine into the Shogun Megazord). Eventually, Katherine overcomes Rita's evil spell and returns the Pink Ninja power Coin to Kimberly. A short time after, Kimberly gets a chance to pursue her personal athletic dreams. With Zordon's blessing, she leaves to train for the Pan Global Games, choosing Katherine to replace her as the Pink Ranger. Though her initial fear and hesitation keeps her from contributing fully to the fight against evil, Katherine eventually becomes both comfortable and capable of fulfilling her duty as the second Pink Ranger.

After several more battles, Zedd and Rita are joined by Rita's father, Master Vile. Following his failed attempts to defeat the Rangers, he reverses time, turning the Rangers into powerless children. These events culminate in the mini-series Mighty Morphin Alien Rangers and lead to the next incarnation of the franchise, entitled Power Rangers Zeo.

Power Rangers
The original Red Ranger of MMPR and the first leader of the team. He wields the Power Sword, pilots the Tyrannosaurus Dinozord and Red Dragon Thunderzord, and commands the Dino Megazord and Thunder Megazord. During Tommy's absence, he also wields the Dragon Dagger and controls the Green Ranger's Dragonzord. Jason was portrayed by Austin St. John. The original Black Ranger of MMPR. He wields the Power Axe, pilots the Mastodon Dinozord and Lion Thunderzord, and commands the Dragonzord in Battle Mode. Zack was portrayed by Walter Emanuel Jones. The original Yellow Ranger of MMPR. She wields the Power Daggers, and pilots the Sabertooth Tiger Dinozord and Griffin Thunderzord. Trini was portrayed by Thuy Trang. The original Pink Ranger of MMPR and the first Pink Ninja Ranger. She wields the Power Bow, and pilots the Pterodactyl Dinozord, Firebird Thunderzord, and Crane Ninjazord. Kimberly was portrayed by Amy Jo Johnson. The Blue Ranger of MMPR and the Blue Ninja Ranger; also the longest-lasting member of the original team. He wields the Power Lance, pilots the Triceratops Dinozord, Unicorn Thunderzord, Wolf Ninjazord, and Blue Shogunzord, and commands the Dino Megazord (after Jason). Billy was portrayed by David Yost. The Green Ranger and White Ranger of MMPR; also the White Ninja Ranger and the second leader of the team following Jason's departure. He wields the Dragon Dagger (as the Green Ranger) and the Saba Sword (as the White Ranger), and pilots the Dragonzord, White Tigerzord, Falcon Ninjazord, and White Shogunzord (with Katherine). Tommy was portrayed by Jason David Frank. The second Red Ranger of MMPR and the Red Ninja Ranger. He wields the Power Sword, pilots the Red Dragon Thunderzord (after Jason), Ape Ninjazord, Red Shogunzord, and Tyrannosaurus Dinozord (after Jason), and commands the Thunder Megazord (after Jason), Ninja Megazord, and Shogun Megazord. Rocky was portrayed by Steve Cardenas. The second Black Ranger of MMPR and the Black Ninja Ranger. He wields the Power Axe, and pilots the Lion Thunderzord (after Zack), Frog Ninjazord, and Black Shogunzord. Adam was portrayed by Johnny Yong Bosch. The second Yellow Ranger of MMPR and the Yellow Ninja Ranger. She wields the Power Daggers, and pilots the Griffin Thunderzord (after Trini), Bear Ninjazord, and Yellow Shogunzord. Aisha was portrayed by Karan Ashley. The second Pink Ranger of MMPR and the second Pink Ninja Ranger. She wields the Power Bow, and pilots the Crane Ninjazord (after Kimberly), White Shogunzord (with Tommy), and Pterodactyl Dinozord (after Kimberly). Kat was portrayed by Catherine Sutherland. The third Yellow Ranger of MMPR. She wields the Power Daggers, and pilots the Sabertooth Tiger Dinozord (after Trini). Minh was portrayed by Charlize "Charlie" Kersh.
 * Jason Lee Scott
 * Zack Taylor
 * Trini Kwan
 * Kimberly Hart
 * Billy Cranston
 * Tommy Oliver
 * Rocky DeSantos
 * Adam Park
 * Aisha Campbell
 * Katherine "Kat" Hillard
 * Minh Kwan

Supporting characters
An inter-dimensional being trapped in a time warp, he is the wise mentor of the Rangers, who also bestowed their powers. 10,000 years ago, Zordon led the fight against the forces of evil, specifically Rita. Finally, he was able to imprison the evil witch and her minions in a dumpster on the Moon. He once had a corporeal human form, but now appears as a floating head in an energy tube. He is initially voiced and portrayed by David Fielding, and later voiced by Robert L. Manahan. A multi-functional semi-sentient automaton from Edenoi, Alpha was Zordon's trusted robotic assistant, responsible for the daily operations and upkeep of the Command Center. He is portrayed by Sandi Sellner and is voiced by Richard Steven Horvitz. Two bullies at Angel Grove High School. Bulk, the leader, was prone to dragging Skull into wacky schemes, which usually failed miserably and ended in humiliation or injury. In the second season, the two decide to discover the identities of the Power Rangers after they were saved by the Rangers in "The Mutiny". In the third season, they enroll in the Junior Police Force. Thanks to the efforts of their superior officer, Lt. Stone, the duo become good-natured goofs, but still sometimes selfish. They are portrayed by Paul Schrier (Bulk) and Jason Narvy (Skull). The owner and proprietor of the Youth Center, he could often be seen behind the counter of the Juice Bar, and would sometimes dispense advice to the teens. He is portrayed by Richard Genelle. The stern principal of Angel Grove High School, who often encouraged his students in their extracurricular activities. He wore a toupée, which serves as a running gag during seasons 1 and 2. He is portrayed by Henry Cannon (uncredited). A teacher at Angel Grove High School. She is portrayed by Royce Herron (uncredited). The girl of Zack's affections, he was constantly attempting to impress and go on a date with her, much to her annoyance. She would often demean Zack for his attempts, but later in season 1, she starts to like him. She only appears in season 1. She is portrayed by Renee Griggs (uncredited). Zack's cousin who appears very early on in season 2, and was phased out of the show shortly after Zack's departure. He is portrayed by Joel Rodgers (uncredited). Another teen introduced early in season 2 to aid Ernie with running the juice bar and who was planned to be Trini's love interest. Like Curtis, he too was phased out of the show following Trini's departure. He is portrayed by Maurice Mendoza (uncredited). A Police Lieutenant with the Angel Grove Police Department. He is portrayed by Gregg Bullock. A warrior from Alpha's home planet of Edenoi who leads a resistance movement against its ruthless dictator Count Dregon, an acquaintance and rival of Lord Zedd. He is portrayed by Ted Jan Roberts. The creator of the original 6 Power Coins and Dinozords that were used by the original 6 Power Rangers, even though it was Zordon who distributed them. He is portrayed by Hideaki Kusaka and voiced by Kim Strauss. The Old West ancestors of Rocky, Adam, Aisha and Billy, who temporarily obtain Ranger Powers when Kimberly is transported to their time. Named Rocko, Abraham, Miss Alicia and William. As Rangers, the Wild West Rangers have outfits identical to those of their descendants, except for the addition of cowboy attire.
 * Zordon
 * Alpha 5
 * Farkas "Bulk" Bulkmeier and Eugene "Skull" Skullovitch
 * Ernie
 * Mr. Caplan
 * Ms. Appleby
 * Angela
 * Curtis
 * Richie
 * Jerome Stone
 * Prince Dex/Masked Rider
 * Ninjor
 * Wild West Rangers

Antagonists
The first main antagonist for the series. Rita Repulsa is an alien sorceress who was imprisoned in a dumpster on the Moon with her minions until some astronauts accidentally freed her. She is portrayed by Machiko Soga in Season 1, and Carla Perez onward. She was voiced by Barbara Goodson. An intergalactic warlord who is the main antagonist starting in season 2, along with Rita. Using his staff, Lord Zedd can turn anything into a monster. He was portrayed by Ed Neil (uncredited) and voiced by Robert Axelrod. A manticore-themed creature who is Rita's main henchman. He is portrayed by Takashi Sakamoto, Kazutoshi Yokoyama, and Danny Wayne Stallcup (former two uncredited). He was voiced by Kerrigan Mahan. Rita's brother and a secondary antagonist/henchman for season 3. He is portrayed by Kenichi Endō and Danny Wayne Stallcup. He was voiced by Bob Papenbrook. A scorpion-themed female and partner of Goldar who becomes a scorpion-themed monster when enlarged. She is portrayed by Ami Kawai in Season 1, and Sabrina Lu in Season 2 (1 episode only) and wasn't seen again afterwards. She was voiced by Wendee Lee. A leprechaun-themed creature who is Rita's chief monster maker in season 1. By season 3, he still occasionally makes monsters. He was portrayed by Takako Iiboshi (uncredited) and voiced by Robert Axelrod. One of Rita's henchmen. A short, fat, blue hobgoblin-themed creature, he is usually blamed for Rita or Zedd's failures. He was portrayed by Minoru Watanabe (uncredited) and voiced by Michael Sorich. One of Rita's henchmen. A tall, vampire-like creature who wears a monocle. He usually chastises Squatt when Rita's plans fail and is often blamed. He was portrayed by Hideaki Kusaka (uncredited) and voiced by Dave Mallow. Rita and Rito's father and an antagonist in season 3. He was portrayed by Hideaki Kusaka and voiced by Simon Prescott (both uncredited). A floating, demonic, ethereal, he is an old friend of Rita's and she called on him for a favor to defeat the Rangers. He was portrayed by Masahiko Urano (uncredited) and voiced by Robert Axelrod. The golem warriors made of clay who act as Rita Repulsa's foot soldiers, the Putties are often sent to wear the Rangers down before a monster battle, as well as for sabotage and other special missions. The original Puttys were based on Golem Soldiers, which were the Sentai Counterpart on Zyuranger. In Season 2, Lord Zedd upgrades the Putty design, completely replacing Rita's original design. Zedd's Putties (or Z-Putties for short) are superior to the original Putties and are more expendable. However, the Z-Putties also have a big weakness—striking the Z-logo on their chests causes the Z-Putties to explode into pieces. The Z-Putties were the first group of Power Ranger exclusive foot soldiers. The crow-like soldiers that are able to speak. They are introduced in Season 3 when Rito takes them with him to the Moon as a wedding gift, and replace Zedd's Putties. The Rangers normally use their Ninja Ranger powers to fight them. Unlike the Putties, the Tenga Warriors are not expendable and they return to the Moon when defeated. The Tengas originated in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie (going by the name "Tengu Warriors") under the command of Ivan Ooze. The name changed between the movie and show was because of copyright complications with the movie's producer 20th Century Fox.. Like the Z-Putties, the Tenga's were the second group of foot soldiers exclusive to Power Rangers.
 * Rita Repulsa
 * Lord Zedd
 * Goldar
 * Rito Revolto
 * Scorpina
 * Finster
 * Squatt
 * Baboo
 * Master Vile
 * Lokar
 * Putty Patrollers
 * Z-Putties
 * Tenga Warriors

Season 1 (1993–94)

Season 2 (1994–95)

Season 3 (1995)

Special (2023)

Conception
While on a business trip to Japan, Haim Saban came across a broadcast of Choudenshi Bioman on TV Asahi, later learning of a popular French-language dub aired on Canal+. Based on the franchise's popularity both in and outside of its native country, Saban realized there was potential for an American adaptation. He and his business partner Shuki Levy quickly produced a pilot entitled Bio-Man in August 1986, which featured an early appearance by actor and martial artist Mark Dacascos in a leading role. According to Levy, they "shopped it around for at least five years, but nobody wanted it." Saban only found success in 1992, when he found a network executive familiar with Super Sentai, Fox Kids' Margaret Loesch, that during her time with Marvel Productions saw partner Stan Lee trying to sell the Sun Vulcan series to various television stations such as ABC, CBS, NBC, and HBO. Loesch's boss at Fox did not have much faith in the project, only financing a pilot that if unsuccessful, could even lead to Loesch's dismissal. Levy and Saban then began working on the pilot using footage from the latest Sentai season, Kyōryū Sentai Zyuranger, entitling the pitch Galaxy Rangers. A test screening with an audience of children was successful, and eventually, the pilot was picked up by Fox Kids for a 40-episode order, after which point it would be determined by the network whether or not to renew the series for additional episodes.

Casting
Due to the action-oriented nature of the show, many of the lead actors cast had background in martial arts, dance, or other physically intensive activities. Amy Jo Johnson (Kimberly) and David Yost (Billy) were former competitive gymnasts,  Austin St. John (Jason) held a second-degree black belt in Taekwondo, and a first-degree black belt in Judo. Walter Emanuel Jones (Zack) was a dancer and trained in Taekwondo, and Thuy Trang (Trini) was a kung fu practitioner. Actor Jason Narvy (Skull) originally auditioned for the role of Billy.

Filming
The series was shot on location in Santa Clarita and Los Angeles, California. Recurring locations included Grant High School, Placerita Canyon State Park, Puddingstone Reservoir, and Frank G. Bonelli Regional Park. The House of the Book at Brandeis-Bardin Institute was used as the exterior location for the Command Center. Due to its unusual, futuristic architecture; the building had previously been used in the films Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country and The Lawnmower Man.

As part of the initial licensing agreement between Saban and Toei Company, the producers of the Super Sentai, additional footage was filmed in the Greater Tokyo Area in Japan, and insert shots of the villain characters (particularly those played by Machiko Soga, Ami Kawai, and Hideaki Kusaka) were filmed in order to allow more in-depth, extensive scenes of the villains who would be unable to interact with the main cast due to the nature of the show. The additional footage included close-ups of the actor speaking English-language lines phonetically in order to make the necessary dialogue looping more seamless.

Episodes 39 & 40 (The two part episode Doomsday) were originally intended as the season (and potentially series) finale. According to Paul Schrier, the producers brought Machiko Soga in to film new footage, but she could not mouth the dialogue. Due to the unprecedented success of the show and its merchandising, Fox Kids ordered an additional 20 episodes. Since most of the available stock footage from Zyuranger had been depleted for use in the first 40 episodes of Season 1, Saban commissioned Toei to produce 25 new monster costumes and new battle footage using the existing Zyuranger suits. This new footage has been referred to as "Zyu2" by Power Rangers fans. Saban used 15 of the new monster costumes and their footage for the rest of Season 1 (episodes 41–60), then the remaining ten for the first 13 episodes of Season 2. This became problematic, however, when the Thunderzords were introduced, as they were from Gosei Sentai Dairanger, which resulted in Saban splicing together footage from both "Zyu2" and Dairanger for the Megazord battles in these early Season 2 episodes.

Following production of Season 2's first 20 episodes, Austin St. John, Thuy Trang and Walter Emanuel Jones left the show over contract disputes. To disguise this incident, a combination of body doubles, voice doubles and stock footage were used to continue featuring the characters Jason, Trini and Zack for eight episodes. The voice doubles were also used for the Ranger costume scenes in the last several episodes that the three actors filmed. The subplot of Jason, Trini and Zack leaving Angel Grove for the World Peace Conference was made to bridge the transition to their replacements.

During the later portion of Season 2 (following Rocky, Adam and Aisha's introduction to the series), the production moved to Sydney, Australia for roughly four months to shoot Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie, which was released the following summer before the start of Season 3.

Depictions of violence
Despite the success of the series, it was also subject to much controversy from parents who felt the show was too violent for young children. The show had aired before television stations issued content warnings such as parental guidance or fit for viewing persons twelve years or over, the V-chip, and television ratings. In the US, numerous complaints were sent to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). In 1993, the Canadian broadcast rights to Mighty Morphin Power Rangers were jointly purchased by the YTV cable channel, and the series played to a receptive audience every weekday afternoon on YTV, the latter trailing the American broadcast by several months. However, due to complaints sent to the recently formed Canadian Broadcast Standards Council and a negative assessment from that body over the show's violent content, YTV removed the series from their line-up in November. Despite not actually being a member of the CBSC, YTV complied and pulled the series before the end of its first season; Global (which was a CBSC member) ultimately did the same. While a phone-in poll was conducted to see if viewers wanted MMPR back on YTV, no further installments of the Power Rangers franchise aired on the network until 2011's Power Rangers Samurai, although commercials for toys and videos were still advertised on it. Later Disney-era versions of the series were broadcast on ABC Family.

In 1994, the New Zealand Broadcasting Standards Authority (BSA) upheld several complaints from members of the public about the level of violence in the show. The main concern of those complainants was that the show portrayed violence as the primary means of resolving conflict, and that this was influencing children to behave more violently more frequently. Immediately following the BSA decision, the second season of the show was all but cancelled by Television New Zealand. New Zealand is the only country in the world where this show has been prematurely withdrawn from public broadcast to date. DVD and video releases of the more-recent Power Rangers series that were filmed in New Zealand can be found at The Warehouse, although general sales through video stores and other retailers are scarce. Later series in the Power Rangers franchise, such as Power Rangers: Mystic Force and Power Rangers: Jungle Fury, were filmed in New Zealand, but the programs were still not shown in the country, until 2011, when Samurai premiered.

In mid-October 1994, the murder of Silje Redergård by two of her young friends prompted Swedish-owned TV3 to pull MMPR from its broadcast schedule in all of its market countries. However, MMPR was not related to the event.

Poor work conditions
As a non-union production, members of the original cast were reportedly subject to low pay, long hours, unfair contracts, and a hostile work environment and, as many of the cast were young, aspiring actors, they had no agents or lawyers to protect their interests and they themselves had limited experience in the entertainment industry. Additionally, despite the show's financial success, members of the original cast did not receive royalty payments for re-runs of episodes in which they starred.

Austin St. John, Thuy Trang and Walter Emmanuel Jones were the first to leave the series, citing low pay, in the middle of the second season, and St. John was homeless for a time after leaving. While the reasons for their departure was debated for many years, St. John would confirm in 2014 that the departure was due to the low salaries the stars were being paid; he stated "I could have worked the window at McDonald's and probably made the same money the first season. It was disappointing, it was frustrating, it made a lot of us angry." The actors were receiving non-union pay, in the amount of about $60,000 per year without any compensation for merchandising for the show, which was estimated to be worth about $1 billion. Trang, St. John, and Jones were all represented by agent Ingrid Wang, and they requested more compensation and union recognition. Amy Jo Johnson, who left the series in the middle of the third season, later expressed regret that she and the other cast members did not join the three departing cast members in calling for union wages and recognition, wondering if all of them standing together may have led to a different result. According to Johnson, St. John, Jones and Trang had wanted the show to become unionized, leading to them being replaced by Steve Cardenas, Johnny Yong Bosch, and Karan Ashley, respectively.

Within the show, the actors' departure was explained by their characters being chosen as representatives in an international "Peace Conference" in Switzerland. Trang, St. John, and Jones released a joint statement about their departure:

After two seasons as the Power Rangers, we would now like to move forward to the many new opportunities that have been presented to us. Our Power Rangers experience will always remain an exciting and important part of our lives and careers, and it is gratifying that through our participation in the show, we were able to touch the lives of so many young people.

Allegations of homophobia
David Yost was the last of the original Ranger actors to leave the series (during Power Rangers Zeo), citing homophobic attitudes from production staff, prompting him to unsuccessfully undergo conversion therapy in an effort to change his sexuality. In a 2010 interview with fan blog "No Pink Spandex", Yost stated that he walked off set one day because "[he] was called 'faggot' one too many times." He also stated that the producers would often ask other cast members what they thought about his homosexuality, and this made him uncomfortable as well. Shortly after this interview, producer Scott Page-Pagter stated that Yost left over a pay dispute and that he didn't know why Yost made the allegations of homophobia; he further stated that Yost did not get along with any of the crew.

Other
In Malaysia, the phrase "Mighty Morphin" was censored and edited out from the logo due to the word "morphin" being too similar to the name of the drug morphine.

Broadcast and home media
Reruns of Mighty Morphin Power Rangers were aired on all networks such as Fox/ABC Family, Toon Disney (part of the Jetix block) and ABC Kids for a short time, but returned on TeenNick's The '90s Are All That block in honor of the series' 20th anniversary in 2013 and later in 2023, Video on Demand network Kabillion currently airs the show.

VHS, DVD and streaming
Between 1994 and 1996, Saban Home Entertainment, in association with PolyGram Video and WarnerVision Entertainment, released videotapes of the series in the United States. In 2000, 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment released seven compilation VHS tapes. In 2012, Shout! Factory released 19 discs to Comic-Con International and a 20-disc set exclusively to Time Life of all three seasons and Mighty Morphin Alien Rangers. In that same year, Shout! Factory reissued the 19 discs to wider retail. They also released two volumes for both seasons 1 and 2 of the series, as well as the complete third season. In January 2014, the complete series, as well as the remaining 17 seasons in the entire Power Rangers franchise, was released in 98-disc set. The series has also been released on VHS in the UK and Australia, and Region 2 DVD. The first 30 episodes of season 1 have been released to Region 4 DVD.

As of 2023, the series is now streaming on Netflix along with Ninja Steel, Super Ninja Steel, Beast Morphers, Dino Fury and Cosmic Fury.

Video games
The following video games are either based on the television series or feature characters from the series.

 * Mighty Morphin Power Rangers (Super Nintendo Entertainment System, Game Boy) (1994)
 * Mighty Morphin Power Rangers (Sega Genesis, Game Gear) (1994)
 * Mighty Morphin Power Rangers (Sega CD) (1994)
 * Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie (SNES, Genesis, Game Boy, Game Gear) (1995)
 * Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Fighting Edition (SNES) (1995)
 * Power Rangers: Super Legends (PlayStation 2, Nintendo DS) (2007)
 * Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Mega Battle (PlayStation 4, Xbox One) (2017)
 * Power Rangers: Legacy Wars (iOS, Android) (2017)
 * Power Rangers: Battle for the Grid (PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Nintendo Switch) (2019)
 * Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Rita's Rewind (PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X and Series S, Nintendo Switch, Windows (2024)

Comic books
Several comic book series were based on Mighty Morphin Power Rangers. From 1994 to 1995, Hamilton Comics produced three separate series totaling 13 issues altogether. Marvel Comics produced two series, the first with seven issues based on the second season and the second with five issues called Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Ninja Rangers/VR Troopers which was a flip book with adventures based on the third season on one side and of VR Troopers on the other. The Power Rangers also appeared in the Masked Rider comic book from Marvel. In March 2016, BOOM! comics released a new Mighty Morphin Power Rangers comic series based on the original series but serves as a reboot taking place in the modern world. In July 2017, a second series titled Go Go Power Rangers was released and takes place before Tommy joins the team.

Films

 * Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie (1995)
 * Turbo: A Power Rangers Movie (1997)
 * Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Once & Always (2023)

title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers


text:
Talk:Out-of-body experience

banner pic
Hi all, I'm wondering if we can misconsider the banner pic to better illustrate the experience. the current pic shows the 'epemeral body' leave the physical body, when in fact the experience is one of an 'person's essence' (my words) leave the body. an essence certainly not bound by the shape and size of the physical body. the 'essence' (my word) just is. it has no obvious definitive size/shape parameters Jres11 (talk) 14:51, 5 November 2022 (UTC)

 * If it "just is" and has no "obvious definitive size/shape parameters", how would you depict it? And what does "epemeral" mean? TheScotch (talk) 20:08, 27 May 2023 (UTC)

Kimberly Clark
The article states that a patient called “Maria” reported an OBE. I’ve not found any evidence so far that this “Maria” ever publicly identified herself or made any public statement about her alleged experience. It seems to me from what I’ve read that “Maria” herself might easily be a fabrication of Kimberly Clark’s. Maybe not, but shouldn’t the article say that Kimberly Clark is the one reporting the OBE (even though she alleges that “Maria” experienced it)? On the other hand, if there really is any concrete evidence that this “Maria” existed (other than Clark’s say-so) and spoke of an OBE as Clark described, shouldn’t that evidence be referenced in this Wikipedia article? TheScotch (talk) 14:29, 1 June 2023 (UTC)

The story of ´Maria´ was already examined. It was found that a free view to the window where the shoe was - was possible when ill persons are transported by an ambulance to the clinic. Therefore the knowledge about a show outsid a window was not supernatual. But the access to the hospital was rebuilt later into another construction. Thus when the story of ´Maria´ was written down - it was not considered that the shape of the building has changed meanwhile - and this was the reason why the fake-story was invented, that this must have been an supernatural event of a soul-travel. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2003:F2:5F3C:A812:AD79:B7BB:8F08:15D4 (talk) 14:48, 5 March 2024 (UTC)

possible WP:OVERCITE?
at the very end of the first section, there are 8 citations, most (three references to a "Blanke O") with different sources. i was just wondering if only 2 or 3 cites would be enough to do what was intended, as 8 footnotes are quite protruding. 15:50, 26 January 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Out-of-body experience


text:
Small Magellanic Cloud

The Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) is a dwarf galaxy near the Milky Way. Classified as a dwarf irregular galaxy, the SMC has a D25 isophotal diameter of about 5.78 kpc, and contains several hundred million stars. It has a total mass of approximately 7 billion solar masses. At a distance of about 200,000 light-years, the SMC is among the nearest intergalactic neighbors of the Milky Way and is one of the most distant objects visible to the naked eye.

The SMC is visible from the entire Southern Hemisphere and can be fully glimpsed low above the southern horizon from latitudes south of about 15° north. The galaxy is located across the constellation of Tucana and part of Hydrus, appearing as a faint hazy patch resembling a detached piece of the Milky Way. The SMC has an average apparent diameter of about 4.2° (8 times the Moon's) and thus covers an area of about 14 square degrees (70 times the Moon's). Since its surface brightness is very low, this deep-sky object is best seen on clear moonless nights and away from city lights. The SMC forms a pair with the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), which lies 20° to the east, and, like the LMC, is a member of the Local Group. It is currently a satellite of the Milky Way, but is likely a former satellite of the LMC.

Observation history
In the southern hemisphere, the Magellanic clouds have long been included in the lore of native inhabitants, including south sea islanders and indigenous Australians. Persian astronomer Al Sufi mentions them in his Book of Fixed Stars, repeating a quote by the polymath Ibn Qutaybah, but had not observed them himself. European sailors may have first noticed the clouds during the Middle Ages when they were used for navigation. Portuguese and Dutch sailors called them the Cape Clouds, a name that was retained for several centuries. During the circumnavigation of the Earth by Ferdinand Magellan in 1519–1522, they were described by Antonio Pigafetta as dim clusters of stars. In Johann Bayer's celestial atlas Uranometria, published in 1603, he named the smaller cloud, Nubecula Minor. In Latin, Nubecula means a little cloud.

Between 1834 and 1838, John Frederick William Herschel made observations of the southern skies with his 14 in reflector from the Royal Observatory. While observing the Nubecula Minor, he described it as a cloudy mass of light with an oval shape and a bright center. Within the area of this cloud he catalogued a concentration of 37 nebulae and clusters.

In 1891, Harvard College Observatory opened an observing station at Arequipa in Peru. Between 1893 and 1906, under the direction of Solon Bailey, the 24 in telescope at this site was used to survey photographically both the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. Henrietta Swan Leavitt, an astronomer at the Harvard College Observatory, used the plates from Arequipa to study the variations in relative luminosity of stars in the SMC. In 1908, the results of her study were published, which showed that a type of variable star called a "cluster variable", later called a Cepheid variable after the prototype star Delta Cephei, showed a definite relationship between the variability period and the star's apparent brightness. Leavitt realized that since all the stars in the SMC are roughly the same distance from Earth, this result implied that there is similar relationship between period and absolute brightness. This important period-luminosity relation allowed the distance to any other cepheid variable to be estimated in terms of the distance to the SMC. She hoped a few Cepheid variables could be found close enough to Earth so that their parallax, and hence distance from Earth, could be measured. This soon happened, allowing Cepheid variables to be used as standard candles, facilitating many astronomical discoveries.

Using this period-luminosity relation, in 1913 the distance to the SMC was first estimated by Ejnar Hertzsprung. First he measured thirteen nearby cepheid variables to find the absolute magnitude of a variable with a period of one day. By comparing this to the periodicity of the variables as measured by Leavitt, he was able to estimate a distance of 10,000 parsecs (30,000 light years) between the Sun and the SMC. This later proved to be a gross underestimate of the true distance, but it did demonstrate the potential usefulness of this technique.

Announced in 2006, measurements with the Hubble Space Telescope suggest the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds may be moving too fast to be orbiting the Milky Way.

Features

The SMC contains a central bar structure, and astronomers speculate that it was once a barred spiral galaxy that was disrupted by the Milky Way to become somewhat irregular.

There is a bridge of gas connecting the Small Magellanic Cloud with the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), which is evidence of tidal interaction between the galaxies. This bridge of gas is a star-forming site. The Magellanic Clouds have a common envelope of neutral hydrogen, indicating they have been gravitationally bound for a long time.

In 2017, using the Dark Energy Survey plus MagLiteS data, a stellar over-density associated with the Small Magellanic Cloud was discovered, which is probably the result of interactions between the SMC and LMC.

X-ray sources
The Small Magellanic Cloud contains a large and active population of X-ray binaries. Recent star formation has led to a large population of massive stars and high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) which are the relics of the short-lived upper end of the initial mass function. The young stellar population and the majority of the known X-ray binaries are concentrated in the SMC's Bar. HMXB pulsars are rotating neutron stars in binary systems with Be-type (spectral type 09-B2, luminosity classes V–III) or supergiant stellar companions. Most HMXBs are of the Be type which account for 70% in the Milky Way and 98% in the SMC. The Be-star equatorial disk provides a reservoir of matter that can be accreted onto the neutron star during periastron passage (most known systems have large orbital eccentricity) or during large-scale disk ejection episodes. This scenario leads to strings of X-ray outbursts with typical X-ray luminosities Lx = 1036–1037 erg/s, spaced at the orbital period, plus infrequent giant outbursts of greater duration and luminosity.

Monitoring surveys of the SMC performed with NASA's Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) see X-ray pulsars in outburst at more than 1036 erg/s and have counted 50 by the end of 2008. The ROSAT and ASCA missions detected many faint X-ray point sources, but the typical positional uncertainties frequently made positive identification difficult. Recent studies using XMM-Newton and Chandra have now cataloged several hundred X-ray sources in the direction of the SMC, of which perhaps half are considered likely HMXBs, and the remainder a mix of foreground stars, and background AGN.

No X-rays above background were observed from the Magellanic Clouds during the September 20, 1966, Nike-Tomahawk flight. Balloon observation from Mildura, Australia, on October 24, 1967, of the SMC set an upper limit of X-ray detection. An X-ray astronomy instrument was carried aboard a Thor missile launched from Johnston Atoll on September 24, 1970, at 12:54 UTC for altitudes above 300 km, to search for the Small Magellanic Cloud. The SMC was detected with an X-ray luminosity of 5 erg/s in the range 1.5–12 keV, and 2.5 erg/s in the range 5–50 keV for an apparently extended source.

The fourth Uhuru catalog lists an early X-ray source within the constellation Tucana: 4U 0115-73 (3U 0115-73, 2A 0116-737, SMC X-1). Uhuru observed the SMC on January 1, 12, 13, 16, and 17, 1971, and detected one source located at 01149-7342, which was then designated SMC X-1. Some X-ray counts were also received on January 14, 15, 18, and 19, 1971. The third Ariel 5 catalog (3A) also contains this early X-ray source within Tucana: 3A 0116-736 (2A 0116-737, SMC X-1). The SMC X-1, a HMXRB, is at J2000 right ascension (RA) 01:15:14 declination (Dec) 73°42′22″.

Two additional sources detected and listed in 3A include SMC X-2 at 3A 0042-738 and SMC X-3 at 3A 0049-726.

Mini Magellanic Cloud (MMC)
It has been proposed by astrophysicists D. S. Mathewson, V. L. Ford and N. Visvanathan that the SMC may in fact be split in two, with a smaller section of this galaxy behind the main part of the SMC (as seen from Earth perspective), and separated by about 30,000 ly. They suggest the reason for this is due to a past interaction with the LMC that split the SMC, and that the two sections are still moving apart. They dubbed this smaller remnant the Mini Magellanic Cloud.

In 2023, it was reported that the SMC is indeed two separate structures with distinct stellar and gaseous chemical compositions, separated by around 5 kiloparsecs.

title: Small Magellanic Cloud


text:
User talk:NuclearWinner

Hi, regarding your editing of the TransUnion entry. Do you view the recent addition of "Controversy" to the page to be "encyclopedic"? I fail to see the relevance of this information to the overall entry. Ufo1964 (talk) 21:08, 9 July 2008 (UTC)

Hi, regarding your moving botulinum toxin to botulin toxin: Why did you move it? The former term is far mor often used and is also the scientifically correct one (the bacterium is called "Clostridium botulinum", not "Clostridium botulin") (see, for example, this search: ) If there were specific reasons, please tell me, else I'll move it back. Best regards, Kosebamse 18:28, 8 Aug 2003 (UTC)

Having turned your anti-Semitism comment in Dorothy L Sayers more or less on its head, I consider it common courtesy to call your attention to the change. You may well consider that what I've done moves the emphasis too far to the other side of NPOV; but I urge any skeptic to compare the character of Sir Ruben Levy and his family with that of the American zillionaire in Whose Body -- or the American doctor in the Elopement story! There's certainly no Jew in her works as sinister as that SOB (which, alas, is more than I can say for Charles Williams).

I hope we can avoid an edit war here. In fact, I wouldn't mind an off-Wikipedia exchange on one or two matters related to this. BTW the most accessible documents at present on the Future of the Jews essay are available only in proceedings of the Dorothy L Sayers Society or the LordPeter mailing list on Yahoo. Not highly accessible, you might say, and I would agree. Dandrake 23:43, 16 Aug 2003 (UTC)

Transunion "edit"
This edit seems highly inappropriate as the section needed rewritten to NPOV, NOT completely deleted which removed more then 90% of all material in the article.

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TransUnion&diff=next&oldid=141272698 Alexkraegen (talk) 18:16, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

VfD
When you list a page on Articles for deletion you must say "Listed on Articles for deletion" on the page you are listing. Otherwise the page will not get deleted. --mav 23:54, 16 Aug 2003 (UTC)

Hi,

Considering you have edited in the whales area in the past (great Bowhead Whale page I saw, I thought I would let you know that I have started a WikiProject Cetaceans. It is rather sketchy at the moment - any and all contributions welcome! Pete 23:22, 3 Sep 2003 (UTC)

Hi. Re Bowhead Whale.
 * The agreed convention with bird articles is to use capitals with a lower case redirect. Whilst I would accept that there is no agreement for cetaceans, in practice nearly all the other cetacean articles are capitalised, and it seemed odd for Bowhead to be almost the only one using American lower case style - you will note that the link to Killer Whale was changed by someone else, presumably for the same reason. My cetacean book also uses caps. However, there is no formal agreement, so if you want to revert, I won't reverse it, although obviously I can't speak for others.

 * (Apologies for butting in). The convention for birds was discussed in monumental detail (I believe on the mailing list in particular) and my feeling is that after that level of discussion surely the right decision was reached (although I am well aware of the dangers of decision by commitee!) and that that policy would transfer over to the cetaceans too. However given that WikiProject Cetaceans (plug, plug!) is still at a very fledging state this is not an open and shut case. For example I wrote Minke Whale and several times in the article wrote 'Minkes are...' rather than 'a Minke Whale is'. This was copyedited so that it was 'Minke Whale' everywhere... however in the cetacean literature writing 'Bowheads are...' or 'Blues are' is very common. Indeed this is the practice of the Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals, a learned tome indeed, is to make the contraction. I think we should use it on wikipedia. Pete 19:20, 5 Sep 2003 (UTC)

 * The Bowhead Whale is endangered globally. As a compromise, I'll change the reference to CITES, rather than list countries. You will agree that to say that it is classed as endangered in the US, Canada... is not particularly elegant.

jimfbleak 06:24, 5 Sep 2003 (UTC)

-

I see that you are interested in Sigmund Freud, as am I. Perhaps you could consider your recent reversions to this article. As you know, Wiki says that "In general a revert is the advised action to deal with vandalism." If work does not meet your approval, yet is not vandalism, you might want to consider editing it to improve it. I'm certainly looking forward to any improvements you may make. NuclearWinner

 * I deleted the quote because I felt it was trite and did not add much of value to the article. It didn't help that it was a somewhat unimpressive source (looked like it was just some easy to cut and paste criticism).  Of course, criticism is allowed, but I think the current introduction contains enough and it's probably better to interprerse representative views on Freud's theories throughout the article.  As far as the revert goes, I'm a big believer in Strunk & White: "delete unnecessary words" (that may be a paraphrase).  In Wikipedia, I think sometimes the best edit option is deletion.  I certainly did not mean to imply that your changes were vandalism, though.  Daniel Quinlan

- Thank you for fixing my typo! not sure how that happened :) MarkAnthonyBoyle 00:07, 5 September 2007 (UTC) - Please see my talk page for the language stuff. David.Monniaux 16:21, 16 Sep 2003 (UTC)

Je viens juste de lire ton commentaire sur la page de David. Je souhaitais juste te dire bonjour en passant. Rien d'autre :-) Anthère

Hi from Adrian in England, I don't what your reaction will be but I've removed your Accident Rating for Egyptair. I have no connection whatever with the airline but this rating does not appear in any other airline article so I think it's appearance here is too selective. If you disagree just put that bit back in, I won't mind. Best Wishes, Adrian Pingstone 19:16, 21 Sep 2003 (UTC)

Hi -- in the AirTran article, your link points to "http://www.airsafetyonline.com/safetycenter/reportcard.shtml" which gives me an error that I'm not authorized to view the page.

Merci pour ton mot sur ma pge NuclearWinner. Oui, tu avais oublié de me répondre, mais ce n'est pas grave :-) Mes intérêts...Wikipédia beaucoup. Avant. Probablement moins maintenant. Tu es le bienvenu pour nous rendre visite de temps en temps sur la wiki française :-) Anthère

I compressed your photo for you. BMP isn't exactly the best image format for the WWW. -- Tim Starling 04:01, Oct 20, 2003 (UTC)

 * The problem with BMP is that at best it's only compressed with RLE, which for photos is no better than uncompressed. Your photo was 300K, which would have taken about 1-1.5 minutes to download over a modem. Compressed with JPEG, it was about 9K, or 2-3 seconds download time. And I do have a photo displayed on my homepage ;) -- Tim Starling 00:29, Oct 21, 2003 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

 * Quoth:
 * 1 I would like a better, clearer explanation of the change, and what the benefits would be. You're asking for a major change, and therefore IMO you have to make a compelling case.
 * If I can't make a clear enough case, I'm ok with you opting out. The links I've provided to additional information should help to explain it best.  But if not, let me try anyway.  Essentially you just agree to allow the use of your contributions with non-GFDL projects, but that doesn't change anything here at Wikipedia.  That allows the use in using Wikipedia articles on various topics to creating travel brochures at WikiTravel.  Obviously not every article would apply, but then again there may be other projects/magazine articles/books/etc. that use CC-by-sa as well that could use our articles if we didn't use the GFDL exclusively.  It's somewhat about the ideology that all knowledge should be as free as possible AND that it should stay free.  The GFDL can only do the latter because it restricts the free knowledge to the GFDL and no other copyleft license.  (Same as CC-by-sa)
 * 2 I'm uncomfortable with a process that seems to be endrunning a fundamental founding principle of Wikipedia, GFDL. I remember all the back and forth we had on the logo, for instance. Why not a similar, more formal, more open process for this major change?
 * The GFDL was the only choice when Wikipedia was founded, so they could not choose the simpler CC-by-sa. I personally discussed this with Jimbo Wales this weekend in NYC, and he supports my project, so long as I don't push for a Wikipedia fork.  I'm also not trying to change Wikipedia's license, which will hopefully migrate to a much improved GFDL 2.0 (when it is created).
 * 3 The claim of >90% agreement among the top 2000 users has not been substantiated. I would like to see a tabulation, name by name, so I could verify this claim.
 * I was gone this weekend in NYC for the Wikipedia Meetup, and in the meantime received hundreds of responses to my request for multi-licensing. As such I must tabulate the numbers before I can get you what you are looking for, but I would be more than happy to do so if you need me to.  You should know that the number naturally changes.  It could be more or less than that after hundreds more people responded.  Also, the number does not include those users who do not respond to me.  Only those that say "yes" or "no".  But that could also be easily calculated as well, and I may just do that.  So in however many days it takes me to catch up, if you are still "on the fence", I would be more than happy to give you the list, or to post it somewhere.
 * I'm not trying to be deceptive or coercive, but instead as open as possible. I'll happily field any other questions or probing you might have.  My talk page and its archives have comments from hundreds of users who have chosen a wide variety of choices.  Maybe that would be good enough for you.    – Ram-Man (comment) (talk)   20:18, Dec 13, 2004 (UTC)

 * I have an update to the statistics at User:Rambot and the full list of users: User:Rambot/Progress. Check it so you can verify my claim and you can make your own judgement.    – Ram-Man (comment) (talk)   18:42, Dec 14, 2004 (UTC)

Unverified image
Hi! Thanks for uploading Image:Drez.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use gfdl if you release it under the GFDL, or  Fairuseif you claim fair use, etc.) I feel like a bit of an idiot asking you to tag an image that is obviously of you, but with Wikipedia going upscale and all...

If you uploaded other images, please clarify copyright for them as well, otherwise the images will eventually be deleted.

Thanks, Denni ☯ 01:39, 2004 Dec 13 (UTC)

Just War
I looked up Just War and my first thought was "Where's proportionality?". I've gone thru the history and it is clear that the contention that proportionality is an instrinsic part of the just war tradition is controversal. It is difficult for me to work out why this is so from the history so I'm putting this note here to ask if you can help me.. Dejvid 13:35, 12 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for the reply. I wasn't asking for an opinion on the just war but on why there had been an edit war over proportionality. It seems tho that since I added a fuller explanation of the implications of proportionality with sources that peace has broken out. Thanks again for taking the time to reply Dejvid 14:01, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)

How to read a poem
Hi: This article has just been moved to Poetry analysis so you may wish to change your user page to bypass the redirect. --Theo (Talk) 11:19, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Interesting fact about twin
Hi, NuclearWinner,

In August 2003, you added the following fact to the Twin article:

''Fewer than 20 families have been described with an inherited tendency towards monozygotic twinning. (People in these families have nearly a 50 percent chance of delivering monozygotic twins!) Some evidence suggests that the environment of the womb causes the zygote to split in most cases.''

This seems very interesting, but unfortunately, this fact was not documented, and I have not been able to find any information about it (quite the opposite, in fact: most of the publications about monozygotic twins insist on the fact that the factors that cause the split are unknown). Do you have any information about this, or know of any place where we could look for more information ? My search in scientific litterature have not turned out anything interesting, but finding the right keywords for the search is hard. Many thanks ! Cheers, Schutz 22:58, 19 April 2006 (UTC)

 * It is scary, indeed, to see how quickly a statement made on Wikipedia can be distributed around the world (I have seen a page where your statement was quoted, along with the sentence "I stand corrected"... hopefully it was right). I'd be really interested if we can find some more information on this topic; in the meantime, someone removed the statement following my comment. All the best, Schutz 07:00, 26 April 2006 (UTC)

Dorothy L. Sayers
Hi, I noticed that a previous edit to the Dorothy L. Sayers article mentioned an unpublished essay about her allged anti-Semitism. Since you seem familiar with the history of the essay, I was wondering if you access to it? I'm trying to find some quotes to substantiate or refute the claim that she herself was anti-Semitic. Thanks in advance. Sophy's Duckling 06:30, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

Sunnyvale, California
I'm glad you are participating on the Crime section edits. I have invited User:Southsanjose and User:SunnyvalePublicSafety to discuss. Could you review my edit on it[] which were undid by this(these) users? I would like to resolve the dispute. I believe that I address the issues regarding citation and relevancy. Clearly, statements such as "most Latinos that are born in Northern California generally become Norteño's" are completely false." Thanks, TeamX 07:17, 25 July 2007 (UTC)

Spam in Talk:Preserved treescapes
Hello, this is a message from an automated bot. A tag has been placed on Talk:Preserved treescapes, by another Wikipedia user, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. The tag claims that it should be speedily deleted because Talk:Preserved treescapes is blatant advertising for a company, product, group, service or person that would require a substantial rewrite in order to become an encyclopedia article. To contest the tagging and request that administrators wait before possibly deleting Talk:Preserved treescapes, please affix the template to the page, and put a note on its talk page. If the article has already been deleted, see the advice and instructions at WP:WMD. Feel free to contact the bot operator if you have any questions about this or any problems with this bot, bearing in mind that this bot is only informing you of the nomination for speedy deletion; it does not perform any nominations or deletions itself. CSDWarnBot 17:04, 24 August 2007 (UTC)

Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings
In attempting to provide references to the article on Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, I googled "Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings Biography" and the first page on the list is almost word-for-word the Wikipedia article. You can see it here.  The biblio.com article is not cited or dated. I'd like to improve the article using references, so I need to know if you copied the biography from this site, or biblio.com copied it from yours. Thanks. --Moni3 17:27, 29 August 2007 (UTC)Moni3
 * Sorry. I see the site actually cites it took it from Wikipedia. Thanks. --Moni3 17:40, 29 August 2007 (UTC)Moni3

Good job!
Hi there NuclearWinner. While I applaud your efforts in removing inappropriate content, when you notify a user, like you did with User:XamdiWala, that notice should go on their talk page, not their user page. Please can you move the notice you put? Thanks! — Timotab Timothy (not Timdagnabbit!) 23:09, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

Criticism of Freud
Thanks for your support on that. Looks like I'm in danger of getting into an edit war with RS1900. Not sure on the best approachMarkAnthonyBoyle 03:18, 14 September 2007 (UTC) After some considerable thought I've come to the conclusion that the problems with the Freud and Lacan articles are that they are written by enthusiasts (read believers). I've had a look at your suggestion about Christianity and also at the Encyclopeadia Brittanica entries on these two. My thinking is, that while it might be nice to include some pithy quotes like these: Filip Buekens of Tilburg University has made several studies of Lacan's work and concluded "on the basis of a careful analysis of texts of Lacan, his followers (‘Orthodox Lacanians’) and his interpreters in France and elsewhere (‘Interpreters’), that what they claim and defend is based on fallacious arguments, equivocations, intellectual bluff-poker and a consistent abuse of concepts from other sciences. The result is an intellectual charade."34"Lacan is a philosophical charlatan, and not just because he tried to turn a pseudo-science (psychoanalysis) into a ‘science of the subject’."5.

Professor R.C. Tallis claims that he was a psychopath who, "listened to no truths other than those which confirmed his own hypotheses...he projected not only his own theories on madness in women but also his own fantasies and family obsessions". "His lunatic legacy also lives on in places remote from those in which he damaged his patients, colleagues, mistresses, wives, children, publishers, editors, and opponents—in departments of literature whose inmates are even now trying to, or pretending to, make sense of his utterly unfounded, gnomic teachings and inflicting them on baffled students."6 These quotes really cheered me up! Tell it like it is!!

The real problem is a tendency to hagiography, as you so rightly point out. Maybe a better approach would be to edit the articles so that they read "Freud contended", instead of "Freud discovered", or "Freudians think", instead of "Freud has shown", with the occasional "this idea has provoked much controversy, such as..." etc. Not as much fun perhaps, but probably more in line with what an encyclopeadia should be. What do you think?MarkAnthonyBoyle 05:18, 18 September 2007 (UTC)

I've been putting in a bit of time here here. Not finished yet, interested to see what you thinkMarkAnthonyBoyle 00:39, 26 September 2007 (UTC)

Sigmund Freud
Hello ma'am! How are you? I am RS1900. Ma'am, you studied at MIT and Stanford University. You are smart. Ma'am, let me ask you a question: Why are you against Sigmund Freud? Crews and Webster are not psychologists and their comments are clearly misguided. I want to know your views on Sigmund Freud. Please reply on my talk page. All the best! RS1900 03:39, 26 September 2007 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Adverse inference
Adverse inference, an article you created, has been nominated for deletion. We appreciate your contributions. However, an editor does not feel that Adverse inference satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination space (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and the Wikipedia deletion policy). Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/Adverse inference and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of Adverse inference during the discussion but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. super βεε cat 18:39, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

A little advice please
I wonder if you might give me some advice on a matter? There has been a recent RfC on an editor with whom I have had some problems. The person making the charges certainly does not seem blameless, and the RfC may well be vindictive. However, I have seen some evidence on other occasions that the complaints brought against said editor are justified to some degree. I've only recently started making any serious contributions on contentious issues, even though I have been "dormant" editor for some time. I've copped a bit of robust and not entirely unjustifed criticism over that, and I take it on board. The policy on RfC seems to be that you only get involved if you have had dealings in that particular case, which I have not. Should I put in my 2 cents worth as an "outside view", or would I be better just staying right out of it? Your advice would be appreciated. Thank You
 * MarkAnthonyBoyle 13:52, 30 September 2007 (UTC)
 * My general advice to Wikipedians is to focus ON the articles and OFF the personalities. Wikipedia gets better, faster, that way.  I've never been involved in a RfC and didn't even know what it was until I looked it up just now.  I don't know the details of your controversy, but unless it's something unusually compelling, and you have a unique ability to participate that others do not have, I'd recommend you to spend your time in researching and editing articles rather than getting tangled up in an RfC.  I've felt "attacked" on Wikipedia - several times over the years - and I've always been glad to stay civil, take a break from editing, explain my reasoning with reference to Wiki guidelines, and then get back to work.  The less you engage with irritable people, generally the less trouble you have with them.  I've received several explicit invitations over the years, via my talk page, to engage in "debate" or even edit wars, and I always turn the requests down.  Never have regretted that in the slightest. NuclearWinner 16:15, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

Good advice!! thanksMarkAnthonyBoyle 23:57, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

Clothing serenidipity
When I suggested that you propose clothing for the Article Collaboration and Improvement Drive, I had no idea it happened to have been already proposed there; pure serendipity.--Fuhghettaboutit (talk) 10:38, 12 January 2008 (UTC)

Rosanna Carter
Another editor has added the "prod" template to the article Rosanna Carter, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but the editor doesn't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and has explained why in the article (see also What Wikipedia is not and Notability). Please either work to improve the article if the topic is worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia or discuss the relevant issues at its talk page. If you remove the prod template, the article will not be deleted, but note that it may still be sent to Articles for deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. BJBot (talk) 14:30, 20 January 2008 (UTC)

Rosanna Carter
Another editor has added the "prod" template to the article Rosanna Carter, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but the editor doesn't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and has explained why in the article (see also What Wikipedia is not and Notability). Please either work to improve the article if the topic is worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia or discuss the relevant issues at its talk page. If you remove the prod template, the article will not be deleted, but note that it may still be sent to Articles for deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. BJBot (talk) 14:30, 20 January 2008 (UTC)

RE: "Inflammatory" information on Phil McGraw
"Why not just give her exact age? That way the reader is better informed. NuclearWinner (talk) 21:33, 25 January 2008 (UTC)"
 * I agree. See my statements User talk:Wikeye. Ward3001 (talk) 21:36, 25 January 2008 (UTC)

Freud
Not at all! Why he is on my watchlist I can't imagine though. Johnbod (talk) 01:24, 1 February 2008 (UTC)

Notability of Peter Swales (historian)
A tag has been placed on Peter Swales (historian) requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because the article appears to be about a real person, organization (band, club, company, etc.), or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not indicate the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable. If this is the first page that you have created, then you should read the guide to writing your first article.

If you think that you can assert the notability of the subject, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the article's talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would confirm the subject's notability under Wikipedia guidelines.

For guidelines on specific types of articles, you may want to check out our criteria for biographies, for web sites, for bands, or for companies. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. Victao lopes (talk) 00:09, 6 February 2008 (UTC)

RFC for Kenneth Fisher
Thanks for you comments on Kenneth Fisher. If you check User talk:Berzon you can see the history of the link removals and reasoning. The user appears to have self-authored an unverifiable product review and seems to be airing personal grievances. Like you, I prefer WP not become product review site or a battleground. Keep up the good work.Netsumdisc (talk) 00:25, 9 February 2008 (UTC)

Poetry Analysis
Last year, you criticized the article on Poetry Analysis on the grounds that its "form and tone are of a textbook".

I wrote about 90% of the article in its current form.

And, I agree. The bulk of this article would be more appropriate for a literature textbook than for a reference work.

My position:

A) The three extended examples truly would be useful to someone who actually came to Wikipedia to try to learn "What is poetry analysis?" (and that's important), but they take up a disproportionate amount of the article.

B) The act of analyzing a poem, by its very nature, involves a certain amount of subjectivity, but because the article ties its points to specific texts, it does discuss a subjective topic in a responsible way. (That is, I don't believe there are substantive POV issues with this article.)

C) "Poetry Analysis" may not be an appropriate entry for an encyclopedia, because -- again -- the act of analyzing a poem, by its very nature, involves a certain amount of subjectivity.

D) So (A + B + C), the article should either be deleted or restructured. If kept, the new structure should keep the examples (because they truly help people who use Wikipedia to learn about this topic), but should also clearly distinguish between "example material" and objective reference material, and objective reference material should make up the greater portion of the article (at least 80%).

E) Even though I regard this article and the Martini cocktail article as "my babies", I would not fuss or cry if it were removed from Wikipedia; I've always had misgivings about its place here. I'd really like to see one of two things happen: either it gets pulled completely, or it is substantially revised in a way that addresses your points. —Preceding unsigned comment added by BradGad (talk • contribs) 02:42, 17 September 2008 (UTC)

Speedy deletion of The Ashton Manual
A tag has been placed on The Ashton Manual requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A1 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is a very short article providing little or no context to the reader. Please see Wikipedia:Stub for our minimum information standards for short articles. Also please note that articles must be on notable subjects and should provide references to reliable sources that verify their content.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Lastly, please note that if the page does get deleted, you can contact one of these admins to request that they userfy the page or have a copy emailed to you. Cerejota (talk) 05:47, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

You are invited to join Stanford's WikiProject!
ralphamale (talk) 22:24, 24 January 2012 (UTC)

Assistance with the TransUnion Page
Hi, .Reaching out to you to see if you might offering some assistance. Because of a WP:COI I am unable to make some needed updates to the TransUnion article and was wondering if you might consider reviewing them. I am happy to do the work to add in the info if that works best for you, but need to have someone else take a look to be sure all is ok. I realize it has been ages since you have been active on that article, but I really appreciated the perspective you offered and thought you would be a great person to reach out to. My suggested updates are included in detail on the talk page of the article. Appreciate any assistance you can provide. Thanks! SusanChana (talk) 20:32, 26 May 2015 (UTC)

 * Just following back up on this. Wondering if you can provide me any direction on how I might go about having someone to consider the changes I have posted.  Would be grateful for any guidance. Thx so muchSusanChana (talk) 21:59, 4 June 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 08:52, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

A new edit at Talk:Defense of Hengyang
Based on your discussion, I cleaned up the content of Defense of Hengyang.Let you know about this.--Witotiwo (talk) 11:31, 30 September 2018 (UTC)

title: User talk:NuclearWinner


text:
Grandmaster

Grandmaster or Grand Master may refer to:

People

 * Grandmaster Flash, Joseph Saddler (born 1958), hip-hop musician and disc jockey
 * Grandmaster Melle Mel, Melvin Glover (born 1961), hip-hop musician
 * "Grandmaster Sexay", nickname for professional wrestler Brian Christopher

Fictional characters

 * Grand Master (Jedi), also known as "Jedi Grand Master", or formally "Grand Master of the Jedi Order"—Order of the Jedi in Star Wars
 * Grandmaster (DC Comics), a DC Comics character
 * Grandmaster (Marvel Comics), a Marvel Comics character
 * "Grandmaster B", a nickname used by Bud Bundy from the TV sitcom Married... with Children
 * Grand Master of Witches, a fictional character from the anime Tweeny Witches

Films

 * Grandmaster (1972 film), a Soviet drama film
 * Grandmaster (2012 film), an Indian film
 * The Grandmaster (film), a 2013 Hong Kong film

Music

 * Grandmasters (album), an album by DJ Muggs and GZA

Positions

 * Grand Master (ancient China)
 * Grand Master (order), the head of various orders
 * Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller
 * Grand Master of the Knights Templar
 * Grand Master of the Teutonic Order
 * Grand Master (Masonic)
 * Grand Master of Education, Science, and Culture, Francisco Macías Nguema (1924–1979), the first president of Equatorial Guinea

Grand master

 * Grand Master, a rank in competitive shooting within the USPSA and IPSC
 * Grand Master, the highest skill ranking in the Tetris: The Grand Master video game series
 * Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award, awarded by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America
 * Grand Master of Memory, awarded by the World Memory Sports Council

Grandmaster

 * Grandmaster (chess)
 * Grandmaster (martial arts)
 * Grandmaster or Master craftsman, a member of a guild
 * Grandmaster, the highest skill ranking in the Overwatch video game
 * MWA Grand Master Award, awarded by the Mystery Writers of America
 * Spectrum Award for Grand Master awarded by Spectrum Fantastic Art
 * World Grand Master (bridge), maintained by the World Bridge Federation
 * World Horror Convention Grand Master Award, voted by participants in the annual World Horror Convention

Other uses

 * Grand Master (custom car), winner of the 2002 Ridler Award
 * Grandmaster, the source for the time reference in Precision Time Protocol

title: Grandmaster


text:
User:Chaswell

Okay, so I logged in for the first time January 22, 2003. I have looked at several Wiki implementations and was very impressed with Wikipedia, so I figured I would sign up and start slowly getting involved.

What do you put on your own page?

title: User:Chaswell