text:
Talk:House of Tudor

Question
Is the man on the left of the picture Philip II of Spain ? --Imran 00:12 Feb 22, 2003 (UTC)

 * "Yes, the only husband of Queen Mary I of England. User: Dimadick
 * Its him, I recognize the face from other pictures. Muriel Victoria

Formatting problem
From the page:

''There's a formatting problem here - if you look at the wives of Henry VII, for example, each one after the first has a bullet-point next to them to keep the lists correctly formatted. That point shouldn't really be there, because it looks as though they are daughters rather than daughters-in-law of Henry VII. Try to ignore it. The same happens with other multiple marriages.''

 * This problem is now somewhat solved with a new format. Multiple marriages still aren't entirely clear, though. Onebyone 17:56, 7 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Arthur's marriage to Catherine is not disputed: it was the basis for the request of annulment that Henry VIII cited to the pope. (Since he wanted to marry Anne Boleyn) he argued that Catherine was his sister and therefore the whole union was incestuous. The pope refuse this argument, probably because men marrying his brothers widows was common practice. Henry didn't like that and said: pope no more! The rest of the story everybody knows... Muriel Victoria 15:36, 7 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * There's more to it than that, though - in order to marry Catherine in the first place Henry had to get papal approval. It was this approval which disputes the marriage, since it was against church law at the time to marry your brother's widow (or your sister's widower - when Elizabeth was considering marriage to Philip of Spain this was again an issue). So saying that the marriage wasn't even disputed is taking Henry's side, since it was indeed disputed, by Henry, when it suited hs purposes... Onebyone 15:39, 7 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * It was disputed, by Catherine of Aragon herself. Whether the first marriage was valid or not is an historical argument. But it was disputed, and that dispute was the substance of the legal proceedings around Henry VIII's first divorce Indisciplined (talk) 18:19, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

Family tree
The picture of the Tudor family tree has Margaret Beaufort's birth as 1433 whilst the wiki article has 1443. Who's right?--Johnbull 02:35, 29 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Margaret was born in 1443, not 1433. See ODNB: Michael K. Jones and Malcolm G. Underwood, ‘Beaufort, Margaret, countess of Richmond and Derby (1443–1509)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 28 Aug 2007 PeterSymonds 10:23, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

Descendents of Edward IV and Henry VII
What sort of social rank would one have to bear in their family, in order to be a descendent of either?

How far up the totem pole, would you say?

This is intended to have broad answers and based on gradients of time and population, not going into specifics about exact descendents. About how common is their descent in the English or British genepool today?

I've noticed that American Presidents don't descend from either king, but the most common recent royal ancestor shared by many of us is Edward III. How common is it for anybody in the English or British genepool, to have a Protestant royal ancestor?

There is a general cutoff, isn't there?

Is it because of fratricide in the Wars of the Roses, the Tudors' "new men", or the Union of the Crowns, or the parliamentary union under Queen Anne (I can't think of any non-royal family descent from the Hanoverians within the UK)?

I'm thinking that there is a big difference between Plantagenet and Tudor descents, that the commons in all likelihood have the former and the latter is held by the lords. (just generally speaking) Then again, Tudor descent in the Welsh must be higher in general. I am further curious about pre-Royal Tudor blood in Anglo-British people today, since the status and/or concept of Welsh royalty/nobility is rather hazy in my mind. I found the Blevins aka Ap Bleddyn family of Powys in my ancestry, but have no real idea on what to make of it--or any other Welsh "native aristocracy". I might be able to find Stewart descent somewhere, from way back when. What percentage of Hanoverian background do you think that German colonists had in America?

On the British side, I have to go as far back as Welf himself...but any recent genetic relationship with the Hanoverians or the counts of Nassau are completely obscure. How does one research those other colonial people, such as the Hessians?

UK genealogy is relatively easy when focusing on English (and French) ancestries. What would a "national person" of Jerusalem (or Antioch, for example) in Crusader times be known as?

We say "American" for those Founders, but was there such a nationality-term for the Crusaders in their own domains?

I guess the term is supposed to be Levantine/Outremer, or "Crusader" as our national heritage says "Colonist"...

IP Address 12:01, 9 May 2006 (UTC)

To call them Protestant royal anscestors is incorrect as the English royal family didnt become protestant until the reigns of Edward VI and Elizabeth I and possibly beforehand arguably in Henry VIII's reign though he saw himself as a Catholic just not in league with the pope Penrithguy 21:57, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Both kings are survived only in the female line. Their descendants include the modern British Royal Family, many noble families, and far more people who are just plain old 'Mr', Mrs' or 'Miss', and probably have no idea of their family connection. The 16th Century was a LONG time ago.  Indisciplined (talk) 18:22, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

Edward IV
In the table of The Tudor House (right top corner) the first king is named Eduard IV and, if I am not mistaken it should be Henry VII. Am I right or wrong.
 * You are right, it should be Henry VII.--Johnbull 18:06, 24 September 2006 (UTC)

Major Revision Needed
At the moment, this page is awful. We need to decide what it should be (an analysis of how England changed between 1485-1603, perhaps?), since at the moment it's just a ramble of historical trivia and errors... Hackloon 00:39, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I'd agree. I've no specialist knowledge of this topic so can't comment on the factual accuracy but it seems disjointed, confusing and is full of non-sequitors.Mutt Lunker 09:29, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Agreed. Pretty bad article.  Too much trivial detail about the marriages without any context.  The "Feudal Circumstances" is at the very least poorly named.  The War of the Roses pretty much ended "medieval feudalism" in England.  If there was a common theme throughout the Tudor era it was reformation and the politics between nobility at the court.

 * This article doesn't have to try to be too much. All it really needs is a simple list of monarchs, the origin of the Tudor family, and what ended the dynasty.  Then perhaps a simple bulleted list linking to articles containing highlights of the era (reformation, spanish armada, Shakespeare, renaissance, etc).  (None of these highlights really need to be spelled out here unless they deal specifically with the Tudor family). DavidRF 01:49, 16 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I've just read this article and agree it's awful and in need of revision. Whilst I'm not a specialist, I think the 'Feudal Circumstances' section could be replaced with two shorter sections about the origins of the Tudor/Tewdwr family going back to Owain Tudor, and back further perhaps to The Lord Rhys and the eponymous Welsh ancestor Tewdwr. The second section could be about the rise of the Tudor family during the Wars of the Roses. Then a list of monarchs and a brief biography with links to the main pages for each. This would improve the article much - at the moment it's a disjointed list of advanced academic minutiae with no context whatsoever. firstfox 09:33, 15 May 2007 (UTC)

I agree with all the above comments. There are major errors that need to be fixed. The grammar is bad and some of the facts are wrong. I will begin a major revision today. PeterSymonds 18:32, 25 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Major revision complete. PeterSymonds 10:32, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Please remember people this is a discussion of the Tudor Dynasty and NOT the Tudor Period, which has it's own article. In line with the other articles on Royal houses, this article should be primarily concerned with the dynasty, and not the age in which it reigned. The article is still far too long and contains too much that is off-topic. Indisciplined (talk) 22:43, 27 July 2008 (UTC)

The Welsh connection?
The article doesn't mentiowas born in Pembroke and I was under the impression that the family (or part of it) came from Anglesey, so what's the connection? --Oldak Quill 14:18, 9 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Added information about the Tudor's Welsh descent from the Welsh Prince Rhys ap Gruffydd. This is the link to Wales. PeterSymonds 10:17, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

Anne of Cleves was a foreign princess. I don't think it's accurate to call her "Yorkist." Also, what this about Henry's only loving Jane Seymour? Granted, he probably loved her best since she was meek and produced a son, but he does seem to have "loved" all his wives except Anne of Cleves. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Special:Contributions/ (talk)
 * Yes, it is likely that Henry only loved her because she produced a son. The fact that he was buried with her means little; he couldn't be buried with Catherine of Aragon, because he was technically never married to her; Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard were traitors and buried at the Chapel of St Peter ad Vincula in the Tower of London; Anne of Cleves and Catherine Parr were still alive at his death. Jane was the only wife who died while she was technically still married to Henry, and the mother of his son. PeterSymonds 10:17, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

Royal House template
As the House of York is a cadet branch of the House of Plantagenet, and the Yorkist took the surname Plantagenet, is it correct to describe it separately to the House of Plantagenet, in the "Royal Houses" succession template?

The Yorkists are listed as part of the House of Plantagenet in the List of monarchs of England page, not separately to it, and included in the list of Plantagenet Kings in the House of Plantagenet page.

Equivalent, related comments also raised for the House of Plantagenet, House of Lancaster, and House of York "Royal Houses" succession templates.

Hey, Does the House of Grey count as a cadet branch of the House of Tudor? I mean, Jane Grey was a Tudor by her mother, But her mother married into the house of Grey... Also, what about the house of Dudley? She married Guildford Dudley, so doesn't she become a member of his house? Just a thought... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.37.84.166 (talk) 00:54, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

Drojem (talk) 02:56, 25 November 2007 (UTC)

Edit speculation
I have removed this text re: Anne Boleyn: "It is supposed that perhaps Anne was Rh- and after her first child all successive pregnancies were at risk." The item is not sourced, is in any case supposition, and does not belong in an encyclopedic article, unless one wants to go into all of the various theories as to why Henry produced so few viable children; his conjectural syphilis is a favorite. And if we do that, we need to source the theories so readers can decide for themselves whether any particular one is by an M.D. or whatever. - PKM (talk) 03:39, 28 November 2007 (UTC)

Vandalization?
"The Tudor dynasty or House of Tudor (Welsh: Tudur) is an English royal dynasty that lasted 118 years, beginning in 1485. Founded by Henry Tudor, Henry was grandson of the Welsh courtier Owen Tudor.Owen Tudor was a nobody before his marrage to the Queen. Without him the Tudor dynasty would have never started!"

i think whoever wrote the above, wasn't serious... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.1.124.236 (talk) 21:18, 18 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I have reverted the Owen Tudor was a nobody before his marrage to the Queen. Without him the Tudor dynasty would have never started! part as vandalism. EconomicsGuy (talk) 17:50, 20 January 2008 (UTC)

Owen Tudor
It is unclear whether Owen Tudor and Katherine of Valois were married, and this point reamins a topic of much debate amongst historians. The article state unambiguously that there were married -despite the fact that there is no clear historical evidence one way or the other. I've amneded the article to reflect this. Indisciplined (talk) 19:39, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

Welsh royal dynasty?
Just because Henry Tudor was of Welsh descent, can we really say that this was a Welsh royal dynasty? There's no precedent for it that I can see. I think perhaps we should change it back to "English royal dynasty" or perhaps, "an English royal dynasty of Welsh origin" as in the Brittanica Online Encyclopedia. Tolkien Geek (talk) 04:04, 23 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I am not aware of any reputable source that treats the Tudors as a Welsh royal dynasty. Even the descriptor "of Welsh orgin" is deceptive because it might infer a connection to the Welsh royal house. N.B., Owen Tudor was Welsh, and high-born, but he was not royal; and his direct line to Henry Tudor was via a marriage that was not legally recognized at the time, if ever.[--Jbeans (talk) 06:15, 23 April 2008 (UTC)]

 * I suspect you mean 'imply, not 'infer'. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.240.248.160 (talk) 18:06, 27 November 2022 (UTC)

 * Isn't Owen Tudor a direct decent (via the male line) from the House of Dinefwr which was a Welsh Royal House.81.111.119.98 (talk) 16:04, 4 August 2008 (UTC)

 * No I don't believe so. Their direct male-line ancestors did belong to the Welsh nobility and appear to have been notable warlords, but theirs was not a royal house of early historical times. However, this does not exclude prehistoric royal ancestors, who are likely given what we know of Celtic society and see also in early medieval Ireland. A surviving Tudor family would today today be classed as Immemorial nobility in any case. Later they did marry a daughter of the royal family of Deheubarth, the House of Dinefwr, which indicates they were powerful. Later still the Tudors believed themselves descendants of King Arthur somehow but I have never seen this imaginitive pedigree. DinDraithou (talk) 18:37, 24 January 2010 (UTC)

 * Incidentally, through "The Deheubarth Connection", the Tudors were distant cousins to the palatine FitzGerald dynasty of Ireland. It probably explains some part of the career of Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare. DinDraithou (talk) 05:56, 19 June 2010 (UTC)

Category:House of Dinefwr vs. Category:House of Tudor
Category:House of Tudor is itself a category within Category:House of Dinefwr. — Robert Greer (talk) 23:02, 4 March 2009 (UTC)

Revisions Needed: Mary I and Wyatt's rebellion
The section on Mary I: A Troubled queen's reign doesn't square with the standalone articles about Mary I or Wyatt's rebellion. In the latter, Mary was supposed to have assented to the execution of Lady Jane Grey only after Wyatt's rebellion, which itself was precipitated in part by a desire by some factions to restore a Protestant to the throne. In response to Wyatt's rebellion, Mary's advisors pushed her to kill Jane, saying that she was a focal point for Protestant ire. However, in this article, the implication is that Lady Jane was executed prior to Wyatt's rebellion, and in response to the fact that Mary failed to convert Jane. Also, the statment that Jane was executed after the Duke of Suffolk attempted to depose Mary fails to state that that attempt was part of Wyatt's rebellion, of which the Duke of Suffolk was a leader. Indeed, these paragraphs seem to imply that the Duke of Suffolk's attempt to depose Mary came before Wyatt's (they were the same attempt), that Jane was executed because she did not convert (perhaps, but not the primary factor), and that Wyatt's rebellion came after Jane's execution (it did not). Major revisions seem to be needed. 170.135.241.45 (talk) 17:52, 28 January 2010 (UTC)John

Oh Dear!!
This page is dreadfully badly written and incoherent - it smacks of an old fashioned history text book most inexpertly and clumsily summarised by a non-native speaker of English with incomplete comprehension of the text. I have patched a few obvious examples of this - but it patently needs to be rewritten. --Soundofmusicals (talk) 22:36, 6 May 2010 (UTC)

Please explain
Can someone please explain this to me? "After Henry led troops during the Siege of Boulogne in 1544–an attempt to take French territory for England–he died on 28 January 1547. His will had reinstated his daughters by his annulled marriages to Catherine of Aragon and Anne Boleyn to the line of succession, but did not legitimize them. (Because his marriages had been annulled, they legally never occurred, so his children by those marriages were illegitimate.) In the event that all 3 of his children died without heir, the will stipulated that the descendant of his younger sister Mary would take precedence over the descendants of his elder sister, Margaret, Queen of Scotland. Edward, his nine-year old son by Jane Seymour, succeeded as Edward VI of England." Some of the words were misspelled and I'm not sure I understand the whole reinstatement to the line of succession but that did not legitimize them. So Mary was really illegitimate, but they gave more grief to Elizabeth? Also, after this was made didn't they have the right to call themselves Princess again?? On Elizabeth's wiki page they have her being called Lady Elizabeth up until she became Queen. They don't mention it on Mary's page as far as I can see, but they do call her the Lady Mary Tudor in the box at the bottom of Elizabeth's page where the predecessor entry for the heir is. Where did this information come from? There is NO source for this whole paragraph. Lady Meg (talk) 22:02, 27 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Who was and wasn't "legitimate" was of course very confused by this time. Strictly, and from the Catholic viewpoint, Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon was of course never annulled - so that the marriage to Anne Boleyn was never legal, and Elizabeth was illegitimate from birth. From Henry's own point of view (a not inconsiderable one, since he was after all the King) and, by his order, the Church of England (in his lifetime not actually Protestant as yet) the marriage to Catherine of Aragon was never legal - (she was, technically at least, his brother Prince Arthur's widow and hence his sister-in-law - he had only been able to marry her in the first place by special papal dispensation). Henry's own final position seems basically to have been that all three of his children born to one of his queens (he had other children who were definitely illegitimate) should take their normal precedence so far as succession to the throne was concerned - regardless of their technical legitimacy. This contempt for any inconvenient legal nitpicking was of course typical of Henry. It's no wonder there as a fair bit of huffing and puffing over it all after his death however! I agree the article is not well written, or adequately referenced - there are of course many books on the period, several of which are scholarly enough to make good sources. --Soundofmusicals (talk) 23:20, 27 October 2010 (UTC)

Move to House of Tudor
It seems odd that this article is located at Tudor dynasty while the other English royal houses are named House of Plantagenet, House of Lancaster, and House of York, plus the British royal houses are House of Stuart, House of Hanover, House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and House of Windsor. I will note there is a Category:House of Tudor but no Category:Tudor dynasty. I propose that this article be moved from Tudor dynasty to House of Tudor. OCNative (talk) 10:18, 22 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Move. Agreed, per nom. — OwenBlacker (Talk) 23:05, 24 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Move. Agreed, per nomr. Eric Cable  |  Talk  17:46, 27 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Move This makes perfect sense. Surtsicna (talk) 18:42, 27 April 2011 (UTC)

Move?

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: no consensus to move. There is significant, evidence-based opposition to the move below, and based on the arguments I've read, I can't say that there's a consensus to move the page at this time. -GTBacchus(talk) 02:25, 12 June 2011 (UTC) GTBacchus(talk) 02:25, 12 June 2011 (UTC)

Tudor dynasty → House of Tudor –
 * Unanimous support for move at Talk:Tudor dynasty. OCNative (talk) 11:39, 29 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose not a properly appointed WP:RM discussion. 65.94.45.160 (talk) 05:08, 30 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Paragraph two clearly reads, "There is no obligation to list such move requests here; this page may be seen as a place to advertise move debates that would benefit from wider community input, or for users to request assistance from administrators in moving pages." Do you actually oppose the move, anon, or are you simply opposed to it not being listed here?  Do you dispute any of the following reasons for the move: "It seems odd that this article is located at Tudor dynasty while the other English royal houses are named House of Plantagenet, House of Lancaster, and House of York, plus the British royal houses are House of Stuart, House of Hanover, House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and House of Windsor.  I will note there is a Category:House of Tudor but no Category:Tudor dynasty." OCNative (talk) 07:06, 30 April 2011 (UTC)
 * "Paragraph two" is in page Requested moves. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 10:23, 30 April 2011 (UTC)
 * The above was moved from the Speedy Rename section of WP:RM. 65.94.45.160 (talk) 09:55, 1 May 2011 (UTC)

 * It is a process based objection. I fail to see why you would want to discuss a rename, close it in a week, and then file a speedy rename, when you could have opened a proper renaming discussion through WP:RM. As royalty is likely to be a popular topic lately, it will get a wider audience who may wish to give input, other than those who watchlist this talk page. 65.94.45.160 (talk) 10:15, 1 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose Tudor dynasty is much clearer and easier to understand than House of Tudor. As for the argument that other articles are called House of..., maybe they should be renamed ... Dynasty.--Toddy1 (talk) 11:10, 1 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Support move to more common form of name. Noel S McFerran (talk) 15:11, 1 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Support. This was a Royal House so should be at House of Tudor. Opera hat (talk) 22:48, 1 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Support: "House of Tudor" is by analogy easier to find; and "dynasty" has a less specific meaning for ordinary people. However, I don't agree with a recent trend to open and close Move discussions (in a variety of fields) within the space of a week, even though the recent results are ones I've agreed with (see. e.g., Talk:Yankee Stadium (1923)). Almost every move or move-back requires not only a change in editors' minds, but changes and redirects in many other pages. Now that the move's been made, I suppose, I'd be arguing that any move back to "Tudor dynasty" should take more time and notice, as happened with the last move-back at Talk:The Bronx/Name.—— Shakescene (talk)
 * Oppose. Never been a fan of these 'House of X' neologisms. They sound too much like a pretentious antique dealer.  This clan is most commonly called simply the Tudors. If that is too ambiguous, then I would prefer Tudors (dynasty), then the current name, before House of T. Agricolae (talk) 23:05, 6 May 2011 (UTC)
 * The House of Tudor (so named) came before the antique dealers. Would you demolish Westminster Abbey because the Albert Memorial is an eyesore? Opera hat (talk) 00:22, 7 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Certainly House of Tudor has more precedent than an abomination like the House of Jimenez, or House of Aragon referring to any member of any of the three families that held Aragon at different times, or even House of Plantagenet for which I have the same reaction (like the Tudors, they were always simply the Plantagenets to me, as opposed to, say, the House of Valois or House of Savoy or House of York or Lancaster, which is equally likely to be a hotel or furniture store, but is what I am used to calling them, so it doesn't elicit the same reaction). I see no need to rename for uniformity when uniformity has never been the practice and can result in some really bad outcomes. I would rather they just be called the Tudors. (Now, about Westminster Abbey . . . .) Agricolae (talk) 02:54, 7 May 2011 (UTC)

 * Support: Dynasty tend to refer to a line of ruling monarchs with little or no inclusion of their families, like the dynasties of the Roman and Byzantine Empires. House of Tudor is fine. Moving it to Tudor or the Tudors would be confusing considering the show by the same name.--Queen Elizabeth II's Little Spy (talk) 04:50, 8 May 2011 (UTC)
 * But there's a reason they gave the show that name . . . . Agricolae (talk) 05:47, 8 May 2011 (UTC)

 * Comment there is a distinct difference between a house and a dynasty. The Dynasty is only the period in which a House rules, the House must exist prior to the establishment of the Dynasty, since the first ruler was not born on the day of the establishment of the Dynasty. Whether the House is notable enough to be separated from its Dyansty is a separate matter... this particular house doesn't seem to exist much outside its dynasty though... 184.144.163.181 (talk) 05:08, 10 May 2011 (UTC)
 * In Welsh genealogies they are the House (or however you want to render it) of Ednyfed Fychan, or even the House of Marchudd, tracing back to the 9th century and before, one of the so-called '15 noble tribes' of Gwynedd. Agricolae (talk) 13:35, 10 May 2011 (UTC)

 * Oppose. I've opposed these kinds of things for years, so I'm not going to repeat myself. Srnec (talk) 23:29, 10 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Support. Of course the house of the Penmynydd Tudors goes back at least to Goronwy ab Ednyfed. Owen Tudor himself was very proud of his lineage and used this to acquire power at Bosworth. The Welshmen at the time looked up to him as the continuity of that noble house of Penmynydd, and joined him in their thousands in the days leeding up to Bosworth. Ysgol Dinas Bran (talk) 16:41, 11 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Support. To start with Henry Vll would be absurd! Llywelyn2000 (talk) 21:36, 13 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Support. The "House of Tudor" goes back further than Henry VII. Just because Henry VII was the first "Tudor King of England" doesn't mean he is the start of the whole dynasty. Couldn't you just merge the article into the House of Tudor? Starting with these earlier Tudor ancestors? Like the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha which was started before Albert became Prince consort and the UK adopted his "House" name. Hannover and Stuart are the same way. I never understood why Wiki even had two pages on the subject anyway. House of Tudor and Tudor dynasty makes no sense; combine them. -- Lady Meg (talk) 19:25, 14 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Support. In common with other ruling houses, such as Stuart, Bourbon, Habsburg, etc. on Wikipedia. Benson85 (talk) 00:47, 15 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose - not a commonly used term and lacks clarity. I can see no reason for this move. Deb (talk) 15:05, 15 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Support - for consistency and clarity. Surtsicna (talk) 15:59, 15 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Support Common name and consistency with the rest of the houses--Wikiscribe (talk) 04:45, 19 May 2011 (UTC)

 * Comment - on reflection, I feel we are confusing two different things here: the "royal" House of Tudor, ie. the Tudor family, and the dynasty that ruled England between 1485 and 1603 (which is what this article was originally intended to include). I think there is room for two separate articles. Deb (talk) 11:45, 19 May 2011 (UTC)

 * Support, since the article should discuss the history of the royal and noble family, not just the period in which it ruled. The current name prohibits that. Rennell435 (talk) 13:50, 23 May 2011 (UTC)

 * Support - the term dynasty is not commonly used in the UK in reference to ruling families (Houses). There is clear precedence of House of (Family) to be used on Wikipedia. Shatter Resistance (talk) 10:39, 24 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Comment: As a non-specialist, I think that's a very good point. The House of York and the House of Lancaster (the two immediate predecessors of Henry VII's line) are referred to (and usually understood) all the time, but not the Lancastrian or Yorkist dynasty. Henry VII is occasionally seen, if anything, as a continuation of the Lancastrian dynasty, and I think that he would sometimes present himself that way to affirm his legitimacy and continuity in the line of English kings. —— Shakescene (talk) 12:19, 24 May 2011 (UTC)

 * Oppose for now, until someone provides evidence of usage in reliable sources. The only consistency required is consistency with the sources. Angus McLellan (Talk) 16:45, 27 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The proposal is not a neologism; it's a Victorianism, no longer standard usage. This ngram suggests that if there is a proper name for the Tudors other than Tudors, it may be House of Tudor - but that the normal way to refer to them is Tudor dynasty. Septentrionalis PMAnderson 18:51, 27 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Many thanks for posting that link. Angus McLellan (Talk) 19:31, 27 May 2011 (UTC)
 * There are 1,230,000 hits for "House of Tudor" and 388,000 hits for "Tudor dynasty" on Google. I would also argue that "House of Tudor" would be consistent with the other royal family lines, as noted by various users above and Bermicourt below. OCNative (talk) 01:11, 2 June 2011 (UTC)
 * I think it'd be a good idea to show how the terms appear on GoogleBooks. We all know published sources tend to be better sources of information than unpublished ones. The terms are almost dead even at about 25,000 hits apiece. But if you limit the search to books published in the last 100 years, "Tudor dynasty" gets the nod with 13,600 hits to 8,910. If you further limit the results to the last 50 years, "Tudor dynasty" gets almost twice as many hits as "House of Tudor" (11,300 to 6,510). GoogleScholar also shows that "Tudor dynasty" is more common. So I think it's clear that modern sources (the ones we should using for this article) tend to use the term "Tudor dynasty" more often than "House of Tudor". Oppose.--Brianann MacAmhlaidh (talk) 03:16, 2 June 2011 (UTC)
 * In support of the consistency argument, I will note the ngrams do show that "House of X" is generally more common than "X dynasty" for the English/British royal family lines:
 * House of Windsor vs. Windsor dynasty
 * House of Hanover vs. Hanoverian dynasty
 * House of Stuart vs. Stuart dynasty
 * House of York vs. Yorkist dynasty
 * House of Lancaster vs. Lancastrian dynasty.
 * On a straight Google search:
 * 1,110,000 hits for "House of Windsor" and 44,100 hits for "Windsor dynasty"
 * 251,000 hits for "House of Hanover" and 49,400 hits for "Hanoverian dynasty"
 * 290,000 hits for "House of Stuart" and 108,000 hits for "Stuart dynasty"
 * 1,400,000 hits for "House of York" and 2,830 hits for "Yorkist dynasty"
 * 291,000 hits for "House of Lancaster" and 6,330 hits for "Lancastrian dynasty"
 * Google Books and Google Scholar show similar results. OCNative (talk) 10:34, 2 June 2011 (UTC)
 * This discussion is about the Tudors, the other dynasties/houses are almost irrelevant. I agree the data does show that to be the case for others but it doesn't for the Tudors.--Labattblueboy (talk) 19:28, 3 June 2011 (UTC)

 * Support - consistent with other royal family lines e.g. House of Wessex, House of Denmark, House of York, House of Lancaster, House of Hanover and... House of Windsor. None of which are normally called "FOO dynasty". Why should this be the odd man out? --Bermicourt (talk) 18:53, 28 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose I have to agree with PMAnderson. The common way to refer to them is the Tudor dynasty. There has been no demonstration that the proposed title is most commonly employed. Until that is demonstrated I'll oppose.--Labattblueboy (talk) 23:48, 29 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Please see my comment about Google hits under PMAnderson's comment. OCNative (talk) 01:12, 2 June 2011 (UTC)
 * If you're going to run a google test at least employ reliable sources, not straight up hits. If run in google books the results are "House of Tudor" -wikipedia 26,000 hits vs. "Tudor dynasty" -wikipedia 26,400 hits it hardly portrays a blowout for one or the other.--Labattblueboy (talk) 19:28, 3 June 2011 (UTC)

 * Support. This was a Royal House so should be at House of Tudor. I would also argue that a royal succession that only spans three generations is hardly a dynasty. Eric Cable  |  Talk  11:20, 8 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Neutral. While I agree with the above user's comment, I would prefer to remain neutral in this argument, though I may choose to support or oppose later on. In the books I have read regarding the Tudors, "The Tudors" appears most often - it remains ambiguous as to whether we are to call it a House or a Dynasty; should we decide one over another simply because other articles are in that style? I would also like to point out to Eric that I have a problem with how there were only three generations as the English head of state - there just aren't that many people with other titles. Excluding those that became King or Queen, there's pretty much just the odd duke here and there who dies in infancy. There's no line of dukes or earls diverging from this house it just ends after it fails to have enough surviving heirs (of the Tudor name, of course).-- OsirisV (talk) 16:51, 10 June 2011 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

'Fall' of the House of Lancaster
I've deleted a sentence that read, 'when the House of Lancaster fell from power the Tudors followed'. Followed by falling, or followed into power? The Tudor taking of power followed not the 'fall' of Lancaster but the death of Richard of York, and their own 'fall' didn't happen till much later. If this refers to something prior to H.VII it needs fuller explanation.

New article: The Tudors of Penmynydd
I've started to create a new article on this important family from Penmynydd, North Wales - the male linage of Henry VII: Tudors of Penmynydd as it is practically ignored in this article. Llywelyn2000 (talk) 06:22, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

Tewdwr vs. Tudur
I couldn't find in any article so far a proper explanation what the Welsh words "Tewdwr / Tudur" actually mean. An explanation is also missing why the Welsh spelling switches between "Tewdwr" and "Tudur", given the two variants are pronounced in Welsh quite differently.

Wiktionary (Tudor) explains the name "Tewdwr" as the Welsh form of the given name "Theodore", whereas this article states that "Tewdur or Tudor is derived from the words tud "territory" and rhi "king".

Which explanation is the correct one?

I personally favour the explanation provided by Wiktionary, since the patronymic name "ap Tudur" i.e. "son of Theodore" implies that Tudur is a given name. However, this doesn't explain why "Tewdwr / Tudur" was anglicised as Tudor instead of Theodore. Can someone explain this, please?--Td222 (talk) 19:57, 17 October 2014 (UTC)

 * I have to say, the "tud" and "rhi" ("land" and "king") theory strikes me as plain silly, as the name came into the family as the Christian name of Tudur Hen, from whom it was ultimately adopted as an English-style surname by Owen Tudor. "Tewdwr", or Tudor, however spelt, is plainly a personal name, not a territorial one. It's hard to find a reliable source for any derivation, and in a sense one is not really needed, as by now it could be little more than speculation. However, the "Theodore" theory is supported by Elizabeth Caldwell Hirschman and Donald N. Yates in 'Enter the Tudors 1450–1550', chapter 10 of The Early Jews and Muslims of England and Wales (McFarland, North Carolina, 2014); and Samuel Rudder's A New History of Gloucestershire (1986) at p. 93 says "Rhees ap Tudor, or Theodore". If no one objects here, we could perhaps add the "Theodore" explanation with those sources. You ask why "Tewdwr/Tudur" was anglicized as Tudor instead of Theodore? In adopting the "Theodore" theory, Hirschman and Yates note that a man named Tudor Walensis appears in the Domesday Book, and also that there were equivalents of "Theodore" in several languages (Thierry in French, Dietrich in German, Theodoric and Theodore in English, and so forth). So the name which Owen Tudor decided to use as a surname had been around for some time in a Welsh or Anglo-Welsh form. No doubt it would have been rather odd to reinvent it in a non-Welsh form, especially when the English form was rather different. Moonraker (talk) 22:37, 18 October 2014 (UTC)

 * I don't think Hirschman and Yates are reliable sources at all judging from what I've seen from their ridiculous When Scotland Was Jewish: DNA Evidence, Archeology, Analysis of Migrations, and Public and Family Records Show Twelfth Century Semitic Roots on GoogleBooks. Anyway, we're talking about a word's origin, but the second source you quoted is just a raw example of the Welsh name being Anglicized "Theodore". Also, I think it's wrong to assume that, since a name is derived from a word element meaning "land" it thus negated from being a personal name.

 * Here's a quote from an article on the Tudors by Geraint H. Jenkins:

"The name Tudor, Modern Welsh Tudur, is of Celtic derivation. It is attested in the spelling Tutir as the name of the witness to charter 143 of the Book of Llandaf, a charter whose original dated to c. AD 660. This compound name Touto~rīx is in fact attested, as a divine name, in Gaulish (see ; D. Ellis Evans, BBCS 24.420) and is made up of elements signifying 'tribe' and 'king' (see ); cf. Old Irish and rí."

 * Here's a relevant blurb from Dictionary of American Family Names published by Oxford University Press:

"Welsh: from the personal name Tudur, which is of ancient Celtic origin and unexplained etymology. It has sometimes been erroneously taken as a Welsh equivalent of Latin Theodorus, Greek Theodōros (see Theodore), for which the usual Welsh form is Tewdwr."

 * Here's all I can see from a snippet on GoogleBooks from a book by Bart Jaski:

"... rhi, Gaulish rix and Latin rex, and túath with Welsh and Breton tud, Gothic thiuda, Anglo-Saxon theod and Italic tota. Both form elements in personal names such as Welsh Tudur, Gaulish Toutiorix and German Theoderic. Although a phonetic correspondence does not imply a semantic correspondence, the basic meaning of ri and túath and their close are fairly obvious."

 * Here's some bits from a article by Edgar C. Polomé and J.P. Mallory:

"*teutéha- 'the people (?under arms)'. IEW 1084-1085 (*teuta); Wat 71 (*teuta-); GI 652 (*theu-th-); Buck19.22]. OIr tūath 'a people, nation; (common) people as opposed to king or clergy', Wels tud 'country'. .... In early Ireland, the tuath is inextricably associated with the concept of the 'king' (niba tūath ... cen rīg 'a tūath is not a tūath without a king') and this concept may extend back at least into Proto-Celtic, cf. Wels Tudur (< *Teuto-rīks 'teuto-king'), Gaul Toutio-rix "Tribal"-king."

Here's the blurb on the name Tudur by Patrick Hanks and Flavia Hodges:

"Welsh: traditional name derived from the Old Celtic form Teutorix, composed of elements meaning 'people, tribe' + 'ruler, king'. The name has been widely believed to be a Welsh form of THEODORE, but there is in fact no connection between the two names. Variants: Tudyr (an earlier spelling); Tudor (an Anglicized spelling)."

 * Anyway, it seems to me that reliable sources regard the name Tudur as unrelated to Theodore, a name derived from Latin and Greek (from Greek theos 'god' and dōron 'gift'). Apparently Theodore is represented in Welsh as Tewdwr. Tudur, on the other hand, is somewhat similar in origin to the German Theodric (that doesn't mean it's derived from Theodric though).--Brianann MacAmhlaidh (talk) 00:33, 21 October 2014 (UTC)

 * I know I am coming to this late, but I am a little concerned with the conclusion reached here (as presented in the article text). I am not at all convinced by this spray of references that in medieval Welsh a Tudor/Tewdwr distinction actually existed.  While these quotes provide a solid basis for the name Tudor being derived from the Gaulish root, distinct from the Greek root of Theodore, the only one that mentions Tewdwr in this context is the Ancestry.com one.  I know a little bit about how those Ancestry blurbs were compiled, and the process was much more one of high-output to get something on a lot of pages than a process of exacting scholarly rigor, and even then it isn't clear it is not just talking about modern usage rather than origin.  That Tewdwr has been used or is used now for Theodore need not imply that Tewdwr derives from Theodore - an analogy: Íñigo derives from the Basque Enneco, yet the entirely distinct but superficially similar Ignatius was often used as a familiar substitute for Íñigo in medieval Latin (see St. Ignatius, i.e. Íñigo de Loyola); you will frequently see it said that Íñigo is the Basque form of Ignatius, but that is mistaking convenient substitution for derivation.  As a specific example from the period, Owen Tudor had first cousin named Tudor ap Goronwy, whose son would likewise adopt a surname and be another Owen Tudor, but in the next generation, his son would be called Richard Theodore.(from Dict Welsh Bio, TUDOR family of Penmynydd)  While I am perfectly satisfied with the derivation of Tudor, and even saying that its origin is distinct from the similarly-sounding Theodore, I just don't think we have the goods to declare as we do that Tudor is an entirely distinct name from Tewdwr, nor do I think we need even answer that question. Agricolae (talk) 10:27, 10 September 2018 (UTC)

Requested move 17 October 2015

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Closed, article already moved Mike Cline (talk) 12:06, 2 November 2015 (UTC)

Tudor dynasty → House of Tudor – See discussion on talk page Nick Mitchell 98 (talk) 03:37, 17 October 2015 (UTC) Relisted. Jenks24 (talk) 10:39, 25 October 2015 (UTC)

Page move to "House of Tudor"
I am reigniting this discussion in hopes that a page move will result.

Page move: Tudor dynasty → House of Tudor

 * 1) This article is the only one located at "_____ dynasty" whereas all other articles for British (and by extension English and Scottish) royal houses are located at "House of _____".
 * 2) There is a category named "Category:House of Tudor", but no such category named "Category:Tudor dynasty".
 * 3) When you search for the topic in Google, there are about 8,670,000 results for "House of Tudor", but only about 432,000 results for "Tudor dynasty". This trait is shared with other royal house search results with about 36,000,000 results for "House of Windsor" but only about 592,000 results for "Windsor dynasty"; also there are about 4,730,000 results for "House of Normabdy", but only about 406,000 results for "Normandy dynasty". Consequently, many results for "_____ dynasty" are titled "House of _____" anyway.
 * 4) Encyclopedia Britannica uses "House of Tudor" as do many history websites.
 * 5) There is a distinct difference between the terms House and Dynasty: a House is generally synonymous with a family and can exist long before or long after that house's rule begins or ends (House of Tudor ruled from 1066-1135 but existed from 911 C.E.), whereas a Dynasty is a term generally associated with Asian culture used to describe the ruling period of a family or house (e.g. Qing dynasty was the ruling period of the House of Aisin Gioro). Even the Wikipedia article for Dynasty states that: "A dynasty is a sequence of rulers from the same family" and that "The dynastic family or lineage may be known as a 'house'" with "the term "dynasty" may be used to delimit the era during which the family reigned".
 * 6) Using the name "House of Tudor" also reduces confusion with modern pieces related to the ruling period of the house such as books and television series named "The Tudors" or "Tudors", as "House of Tudor" related specifically to the royal house itself.
 * 7) Renaming the page allows for ancestral history of the house, currently in the small Tudors of Penmynydd article, to be integrated into the new article. Consequently, many ancestors of the ruling line of Tudors possess the surname "Tudor". This can also be seen in the article House of Normandy where it was founded for the Dukes of Normandy in 911 C.E. by Rollo, while they came to power as Kings of England in 1066 C.E. under William I.
 * 8) There was unanimous support for a page move at Talk:Tudor dynasty. But for some unknown reason, the move was never carried out.

Consequently, there is a valid argument to move the page to House of Tudor. Nick Mitchell 98 (talk) 04:46, 31 May 2015 (UTC)

 * Comment. The proposer copied and pasted the Support !votes, but not the Oppose !votes, from an earlier RM. This gave the misleading impression that there is unanimous support for a page move. I have redacted them. Also, opening an RM while leaving the RfC open makes no sense. Scolaire (talk) 09:37, 17 October 2015 (UTC)
 * In my defense I did not copy/paste past support votes into my argument, I simply borrowed the format only and listed my own points in my own section for a clear, easy to read format. I was not intending to make it appear as though unanimous support existed, I just laid out my argument in a clear, easy to read format. Please keep in mind that this was created ages ago as one of my first page move proposals and I was inexperienced in using the correct format. I have corrected this error and have re-added my points in a new format. As there have been no rejections for this proposal, and my support points were valid, is it possible for this page to finally be moved? Nick Mitchell 98 (talk) 02:34, 25 October 2015 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

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I'm not going to edit the page but someone should get rid of this nonsense: "Elizabeth was a bull, strong and hard-headed who kept the target in sight. Elizabeth's primary target: providing the best for her people and proving those wrong who doubted her while maintaining a straight composure." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2604:6000:7402:A900:D08D:C3E6:2F2A:DADC (talk) 13:33, 18 April 2017 (UTC)

One Elizabeth?
This sentence
 * She was both a man and woman; a king and a queen; but one Elizabeth.

sounds more like poetry than like a sentence from an encyclopedia. And what does it mean? -- 212.183.92.174 (talk) 00:27, 10 September 2017 (UTC)
 * ✅ Mojoworker (talk) 18:39, 21 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Not well done. I think the poetry is a quote, possibly from her first address to parliament, or possibly first written in her obituaries. The whole paragraph is much the same, not just the last sentence. --SmokeyJoe (talk) 22:38, 21 September 2017 (UTC)
 * If it's a quote, it should be cited. And yes, the entire paragraph is written in an unencyclopedic style. I copyedited it a bit, but it's still not as good as it should be – have at it. Mojoworker (talk) 07:47, 22 September 2017 (UTC)
 * The whole section about Elizabeth seems to have been written by a breathless 14-year old. Precocious, without a doubt, but completely unqualified to write encyclopaedia articles (which is the fundamental failure of Wikipedia and why it will never be an encyclopaedia). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.240.248.160 (talk) 18:04, 27 November 2022 (UTC)
 * I wonder whether it should be turned to a study of the eulogising / romanticising of Elizabeth's reign, and when this happened. Something should be done, yes. --SmokeyJoe (talk) 12:56, 22 September 2017 (UTC)

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The sources used seem to be reliable, up to date, and not biased. One concern is that it takes a few paragraphs to get to the second example of a citation. In our editing tutorial, it specified that a good article should have at least one citation per paragraph. —Taylorshipley1325 (talk) 20:22, 13 March 2018 (UTC)

After clicking on a few of the links used for citations, it would appear that they work. —Taylorshipley1325 (talk) 20:22, 13 March 2018 (UTC)

Tudor Rose
The Tudor Badges section states that "the Tudor Rose... was used by every British Monarch since Henry VII as a Royal Badge". Presumably not by any Scottish monarch prior to the Union of the Crowns? Mutt Lunker (talk) 19:11, 24 May 2018 (UTC)

Picture of Henry VII
Correct me if I'm wrong, but I believe the portrait labeled as Henry VII in the section about his reign is actually a portrait of Henry VIII. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 168.51.179.254 (talk) 21:51, 6 January 2020 (UTC)

✅ Sodacan (talk) 07:20, 7 January 2020 (UTC)

Tudors are ethnically celtic aren't they?
Are the tudor's an ethnic celtic family? Would the tudor's taking power in england mark the end of the germanic monarchy of england? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.45.50.141 (talk) 07:08, 15 August 2020 (UTC)

No. I say this not to be rude but this question is wrong on all levels. Firstly, the Tudors were originally Welsh, yes, however Owen Tudor, the founder, was married to a French princess Catherine de Valois, who, like all European royalty was a genetic soup with, by my reckoning, 3 French, 3 Italian and 2 German great grandparents. These great grandparents would themselves have been an equal mix, so it’s not even accurate to say she was 3/8 French, for example. Thus, the first generation of our (not yet on the throne) Tudors were half Welsh, half ‘royal soup’. Our next generation’s Tudor, Edmund, married Margaret Beaufort, who, though less ‘soupy’ and more English, was still not Celtic, her blood bringing Henry VII (our first monarch) to only 1/4 Welsh. A thoroughly, culturally, Anglo-French individual who had 1/4 Welsh blood, though it was in the direct male line, was hardly some Celtic takeover of England by any stretch, as if Owen Glendower had conquered England with a Welsh army. Henry VII, in fact, was married to Elizabeth of York, the legitimate heir to the previous ruling family, so this was no wholesale replacement. Thus by the time we reach our Henry VIII, and his four reigning children, including Elizabeth I, we are at a mere 1/8 and 1/16 Celtic respectively. Fairly unimpressive. They had virtually the same genetic makeup as whoever had been on the throne had the Tudors not overthrown Richard III. More importantly however, is the reality that all the Celtic ancestry in the world could not make these culturally Anglo-French royals Celtic in their culture or outlook. They were, in this regard, no different to their predecessors. Thirdly, the entire premise of your question is off. Even if we accept that the Tudors were as Welsh as they come, and thus could replace a Germanic monarchy with a Celtic one, then we must also (rightly) assume that the William the Conquerer replaced a Germanic monarchy with a Franco-Norman one. The Germanic monarchy of England ended in 1066, not 1485. The Tudors simply changed which family which was presently occupying William I’s thoroughly Anglo-Norman throne. FJDEACKB (talk) 12:00, 30 July 2022 (UTC)

Family tree again
The current version of the family tree shows Edward III's sons in the wrong order (i.e. 3rd before 2nd), in order to clearly show Anne de Mortimer's marriage to Richard Earl of Cambridge, and show how their two branches of the family were united. However, that somewhat obscures the Mortimer family's claim to the throne, which was usurped by Henry IV, because the tree puts John of Gaunt's branch of the family ahead of his older brother Lionel's. Would it be better to have Edward III's sons in order of age? Here is what it would look like in my sandbox. The only drawback is that Richard Earl of Cambridge has to appear twice if we do that. Richard75 (talk) 19:40, 7 February 2021 (UTC)

 * I think that the chart is fine how it is now. It's clearly showing who is the first son, the second and so on. There is no need to complicate this. --Daduxing (talk) 06:01, 8 February 2021 (UTC)

Lady Jane Grey
Surely Jane is not a Tudor monarch, anymore than James VI & I is. She derived her claim through a female Tudor, as did James, but was a Grey, just as he was Stuart. She was, of course, a monarch of the Tudor period, but this is quite a different thing. FJDEACKB (talk) 18:56, 18 July 2022 (UTC)
 * Sorry, she was as Tudor as they come. Who was her dad? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.240.248.160 (talk) 18:02, 27 November 2022 (UTC)

 * For all intents and purposes, I’d like to point out that the infobox and succession box at Lady Jane Grey both give her as a member of the House of Grey. Keriluamox (talk) 19:22, 16 May 2023 (UTC)

Question
Why was John of Gaunt able to be a prince even though he was an illegitimate child? Mia1199 (talk) 01:30, 23 February 2023 (UTC)

 * John of Gaunt was not illegitimate. Are you confusing him with his Beaufort children? SmokeyJoe (talk) 21:03, 16 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:House of Tudor


text:
The Name of the Rose

The Name of the Rose (Il nome della rosa ) is the 1980 debut novel by Italian author Umberto Eco. It is a historical murder mystery set in an Italian monastery in the year 1327, and an intellectual mystery combining semiotics in fiction, biblical analysis, medieval studies, and literary theory. It was translated into English by William Weaver in 1983.

The novel has sold over 50 million copies worldwide, becoming one of the best-selling books ever published. It has received many international awards and accolades, such as the Strega Prize in 1981 and Prix Medicis Étranger in 1982, and was ranked 14th on Le Monde's 100 Books of the Century list.

Plot summary
In 1327, Franciscan friar William of Baskerville and his assistant Adso of Melk arrive at a Benedictine abbey in Northern Italy to attend a theological disputation. The abbey is being used as neutral ground in a dispute between Pope John XXII and the Franciscans over the question of apostolic poverty. The monks of the abbey have recently been shaken by the suspicious death of one of their brothers, Adelmo of Otranto, and the abbot asks William (a former inquisitor) to investigate the incident. During his inquiries, William has a debate with one of the oldest monks in the abbey, Jorge of Burgos, about the permissibility of laughter, which Jorge regards as a threat to God's established order.

The second day, another monk, Venantius of Salvemec, is found dead in a vat of pig's blood. He has black stains on his tongue and fingers, suggesting poison. William learns that Adelmo was part of a homosexual love triangle that also involved the librarian, Malachi of Hildesheim, and Malachi's assistant, Berengar of Arundel. The only other monks who knew about these indiscretions were Jorge and Venantius. In spite of Malachi's ban, William and Adso enter the abbey's labyrinthine library. They discover that the library contains a hidden room named the finis Africae after the presumed edge of the world, but they are unable to locate it. In the scriptorium, they find a book on Venantius's desk along with some cryptic notes. Someone snatches the book and they pursue to no avail.

The third day, the monks are surprised by the disappearance of Berengar and William learns that there are two former Dulcinians in the abbey (Remigio of Voragine, the abbey's cellarer, and the deformed monk Salvatore). Adso returns to the library alone in the evening. While leaving the library through the kitchen, he is seduced by a peasant girl, with whom he has his first sexual experience. After confessing to William, Adso is absolved, although he still feels guilty.

The fourth day, Berengar is found drowned in the abbey's bathhouse. His fingers and tongue bear stains similar to those found on Venantius. The pope's legation now arrives, led by Grand Inquisitor Bernard Gui. Salvatore is discovered attempting to cast a primitive love spell on the peasant girl, and Bernard arrests them both for witchcraft and heresy.

The fifth day is the day of the disputation. Severinus, the abbey's herbalist, tells William that he has found a "strange book" that demands the friar's attention, but William is unable to investigate the discovery until the disputation has ended. When William and Adso arrive at Severinus's laboratory, they find him dead, his skull crushed by a heavy armillary sphere. They search the room for the missing book but are unable to locate it. Remigio is discovered at the scene of the crime and taken into custody by Bernard, who accuses the "heretic" of committing all four homicides. Under threat of torture, Remigio confesses. Remigio, Salvatore, and the peasant girl are taken away and assumed to be doomed. In response to the recent tragedies in the abbey, Jorge gives an apocalyptic sermon about the coming of the Antichrist.

At matins the morning of the sixth day, Malachi drops dead, his fingers and tongue black. The abbot is distraught at William's failure to solve the crimes and orders him to leave the abbey the following day. That night, William and Adso penetrate the library once more and enter the finis Africae by solving Venantius's riddle. They discover Jorge waiting for them in the forbidden room. William has by now arrived at a solution. Berengar revealed the existence of the finis Africae to Adelmo in exchange for a sexual favour. Adelmo, stricken with guilt over this sinful bargain, then committed suicide. Venantius overheard the secret and used it to gain possession of a rare and valuable book that Jorge had hidden in the room. Unbeknownst to him, Jorge had laced its pages with poison, correctly assuming that a reader would have to lick his fingers in order to turn them. Venantius's body was discovered by Berengar, who, fearing exposure, disposed of it in pig's blood before claiming the book and succumbing to its poison. The book was next found by Severinus, but Jorge manipulated Malachi into killing him before he could pass it on to William. Malachi died after ignoring Jorge's warning not to investigate the book's contents. The book itself, now back in Jorge's possession, is the lost second half of Aristotle's Poetics, which discusses the virtues of laughter.

Jorge confirms William's deductions and justifies himself by pointing to the fact that the deaths correspond to the seven trumpets described in the Book of Revelation, and therefore must form part of a divine plan. Two more deaths will complete the sequence: that of the abbot, whom Jorge has trapped in an airless passageway beneath the finis Africae, and that of Jorge himself. He begins consuming the book's poisoned pages and uses Adso's lantern to start a fire in the library.

Adso summons the monks in a futile attempt to extinguish the fire. As the fire consumes the library and spreads to the rest of the abbey, William laments his failure. Confused and defeated, William and Adso escape the abbey. Years later, Adso, now aged, returns to the ruins of the abbey and salvages any remaining scraps and fragments, eventually creating a lesser library.

Primary characters

 * William of Baskerville – main protagonist, a Franciscan friar
 * Adso of Melk – narrator, Benedictine novice accompanying William

At the monastery

 * Abo of Fossanova – the abbot of the Benedictine monastery
 * Severinus of Sankt Wendel – herbalist who helps William
 * Malachi of Hildesheim – librarian
 * Berengar of Arundel – assistant librarian
 * Adelmo of Otranto – illuminator, novice
 * Venantius of Salvemec – translator of manuscripts
 * Benno of Uppsala – student of rhetoric
 * Alinardo of Grottaferrata – eldest monk
 * Jorge of Burgos – elderly blind monk
 * Remigio of Varagine – cellarer
 * Salvatore of Montferrat – monk, associate of Remigio
 * Nicholas of Morimondo – glazier
 * Aymaro of Alessandria – gossipy, sneering monk
 * Pacificus of Tivoli
 * Peter of Sant’Albano
 * Waldo of Hereford
 * Magnus of Iona
 * Patrick of Clonmacnois
 * Rabano of Toledo

Outsiders

 * Ubertino of Casale – Franciscan friar in exile, friend of William
 * Michael of Cesena – Minister General of the Franciscans
 * Bernard Gui – Inquisitor
 * Bertrand del Poggetto – Cardinal and leader of the Papal legation
 * Jerome of Kaffa (Jerome of Catalonia aka Hieronymus Catalani) – Bishop of Kaffa
 * Peasant girl from the village below the monastery

Major themes
Eco was a professor of semiotics, and employed techniques of metanarrative, partial fictionalization, and linguistic ambiguity to create a world enriched by layers of meaning. The solution to the central murder mystery hinges on the contents of Aristotle's book on Comedy, which has been lost. In spite of this, Eco speculates on the content and has the characters react to it. Through the motif of this lost and possibly suppressed book which might have aestheticized the farcical, the unheroic and the skeptical, Eco also makes an ironically slanted plea for tolerance and against dogmatic or self-sufficient metaphysical truths – an angle which reaches the surface in the final chapters. In this regard, the conclusion mimics a novel of ideas, with William representing rationality, investigation, logical deduction, empiricism and also the beauty of the human minds, against Jorge's dogmatism, censoriousness, and pursuit of keeping, no matter the cost, the secrets of the library closed and hidden to the outside world, including the other monks of the abbey.

The Name of the Rose has been described as a work of postmodernism. The quote in the novel, "books always speak of other books, and every story tells a story that has already been told", refers to a postmodern idea that all texts perpetually refer to other texts, rather than external reality, while also harkening back to the medieval notion that citation and quotation of books was inherently necessary to write new stories. The novel ends with irony: as Eco explains in his Postscript to the Name of the Rose, "very little is discovered and the detective is defeated." After unraveling the central mystery in part through coincidence and error, William of Baskerville concludes in fatigue that there "was no pattern." Thus Eco turns the modernist quest for finality, certainty and meaning on its head, leaving the nominal plot—that of a detective story—broken, the series of deaths following a chaotic pattern of multiple causes, accident, and arguably without inherent meaning.

The aedificium's labyrinth
The mystery revolves around the abbey library, situated in a fortified tower—the aedificium. This structure has three floors—the ground floor contains the kitchen and refectory, the first floor a scriptorium, and the top floor is occupied by the library. The two lower floors are open to all, while only the librarian may enter the last. A catalogue of books is kept in the scriptorium, where manuscripts are read and copied. A monk who wishes to read a book would send a request to the librarian, who, if he thought the request justified, would bring it to the scriptorium. Finally, the library is in the form of a labyrinth, whose secret only the librarian and the assistant librarian know.

The aedificium has four towers at the four cardinal points, and the top floor of each has seven rooms on the outside, surrounding a central room. There are another eight rooms on the outer walls, and sixteen rooms in the centre of the maze. Thus, the library has a total of fifty-six rooms. Each room has a scroll containing a verse from the Book of Revelation. The first letter of the verse is the letter corresponding to that room. The letters of adjacent rooms, read together, give the name of a region (e.g. Hibernia in the West tower), and those rooms contain books from that region. The geographical regions are: Two rooms have no lettering – the easternmost room, which has an altar, and the central room on the south tower, the so-called finis Africae, which contains the most heavily guarded books, and can only be entered through a secret door. The entrance to the library is in the central room of the east tower, which is connected to the scriptorium by a staircase.
 * Fons Adae, 'The earthly paradise' contains Bibles and commentaries, East Tower
 * Acaia, Greece, Northeast
 * Iudaea, Judea, East
 * Aegyptus, Egypt, Southeast
 * Leones, 'South' contains books from Africa, South Tower
 * Yspania, Spain, Southwest outer
 * Roma, Italy, Southwest inner
 * Hibernia, Ireland, West Tower
 * Gallia, France, Northwest
 * Germania, Germany, North
 * Anglia, England, North Tower

Title
Much attention has been paid to the mystery of what the book's title refers to. In fact, Eco has stated that his intention was to find a "totally neutral title". In one version of the story, when he had finished writing the novel, Eco hurriedly suggested some ten names for it and asked a few of his friends to choose one. They chose The Name of the Rose. In another version of the story, Eco had wanted the neutral title Adso of Melk, but that was vetoed by his publisher, and then the title The Name of the Rose "came to me virtually by chance." In the Postscript to the Name of the Rose, Eco claims to have chosen the title "because the rose is a symbolic figure so rich in meanings that by now it hardly has any meaning left".

The book's last line, "Stat rosa pristina nomine, nomina nuda tenemus" translates as: "the rose of old remains only in its name; we possess naked names." The general sense, as Eco pointed out, was that from the beauty of the past, now disappeared, we hold only the name. In this novel, the lost "rose" could be seen as Aristotle's book on comedy (now forever lost), the exquisite library now destroyed, or the beautiful peasant girl now dead.

This text has also been translated as "Yesterday's rose stands only in name, we hold only empty names." This line is a verse by twelfth century monk Bernard of Cluny (also known as Bernard of Morlaix). Medieval manuscripts of this line are not in agreement: Eco quotes one Medieval variant verbatim, but Eco was not aware at the time of the text more commonly printed in modern editions, in which the reference is to Rome (Roma), not to a rose (rosa). The alternative text, with its context, runs: Nunc ubi Regulus aut ubi Romulus aut ubi Remus? / Stat Roma pristina nomine, nomina nuda tenemus. This translates as "Where now is Regulus, or Romulus, or Remus? / Primordial Rome abides only in its name; we hold only naked names".

The title may also be an allusion to the nominalist position in the problem of universals, taken by William of Ockham. According to nominalism, universals are bare names: there is not a universal rose, only a bunch of particular flowers that we artificially singled out by naming them "roses".

A further possible inspiration for the title may be a poem by the Mexican poet and mystic Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (1651–1695): Rosa que al prado, encarnada, te ostentas presuntuosa de grana y carmín bañada: campa lozana y gustosa; pero no, que siendo hermosa también serás desdichada.

This poem appears in Eco's Postscript to the Name of the Rose, and is translated into English in "Note 1" of that book as:

Red rose growing in the meadow, bravely you vaunt thyself in crimson and carmine bathed: displayed in rich and growing state. But no: as precious as thou may seem, Not happy soon thou shall be.

To other works
The name of the central character, William of Baskerville, alludes both to the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes (compare The Hound of the Baskervilles – also, Adso's description of William in the beginning of the book resembles, almost word for word, Dr. Watson's description of Sherlock Holmes when he first makes his acquaintance in A Study in Scarlet) and to William of Ockham (see the next section). The name of the novice, Adso of Melk, refers to Melk Abbey, the site of a famous medieval library. Further, his name echoes the narrator of the Sherlock Holmes stories, Watson (omitting the first and last letters).

The blind librarian Jorge of Burgos is a nod to Argentinian writer Jorge Luis Borges, a major influence on Eco. Borges was blind during his later years and was also director of Argentina's national library; his short story "The Library of Babel" is an inspiration for the secret library in Eco's book. Another of Borges's stories, "The Secret Miracle", features a blind librarian. In addition, a number of other themes drawn from various of Borges's works are used throughout The Name of the Rose: labyrinths, mirrors, sects, and obscure manuscripts and books.

The ending also owes a debt to Borges's short story "Death and the Compass", in which a detective proposes a theory for the behaviour of a murderer. The murderer learns of the theory and uses it to trap the detective. In The Name of the Rose, the librarian Jorge uses William's belief that the murders are based on the Revelation to John to misdirect William, though in Eco's tale, the detective succeeds in solving the crime.

The "poisoned page" motif may have been inspired by Alexandre Dumas' novel La Reine Margot (1845). It was also used in the film Il giovedì (1963) by Italian director Dino Risi. A similar story is associated with the Chinese erotic novel Jin Ping Mei, translated as The Golden Lotus or The Plum in the Golden Vase.

Eco seems also to have been aware of Rudyard Kipling's short story "The Eye of Allah", which touches on many of the same themes, like optics, manuscript illumination, music, medicine, priestly authority and the Church's attitude to scientific discovery and independent thought, and which also includes a character named John of Burgos.

Eco was also inspired by the 19th century Italian novelist Alessandro Manzoni, citing The Betrothed as an example of the specific type of historical novel he purposed to create, in which some of the characters may be made up, but their motivations and actions remain authentic to the period and render history more comprehensible.

Throughout the book, there are Latin quotes, authentic and apocryphal. There are also discussions of the philosophy of Aristotle and of a variety of millenarist heresies, especially those associated with the fraticelli. Numerous other philosophers are referenced throughout the book, often anachronistically, including Wittgenstein.

To actual history and geography
The book describes monastic life in the 14th century. The action takes place at a Benedictine abbey during the controversy surrounding the doctrines about absolute poverty of Christ and apostolic poverty between branches of Franciscans and Dominicans; (see renewed controversy on the question of poverty). The setting was inspired by monumental Saint Michael's Abbey in Susa Valley, Piedmont and visited by Umberto Eco.

The book highlights tensions that existed within Christianity during the medieval era: the Spirituals, one faction within the Franciscan order, demanded that the Church should abandon all wealth, and some heretical sects, such as the Dulcinians, began killing the well-to-do, while the majority of the Franciscans and the clergy took to a broader interpretation of the gospel. Also in the background is the conflict between Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV and Pope John XXII, with the Pope condemning the Spirituals and the Emperor supporting them as proxies in a larger power struggle at the time over authorities claimed by both the Church and Empire. The novel takes place during the Avignon Papacy and in his Prologue, Adso mentions the election of anti-king Frederick of Austria as a rival claimant to Emperor Louis thirteen years before the story begins. Adso's "Last Page" epilogue describes the Emperor's appointment of Nicholas V as anti-Pope in Rome shortly after Louis IV abandoned reconciliation with John XXII (a decision Adso connects with the disastrous events of the novel's theological conference).

A number of the characters, such as Bernard Gui, Ubertino of Casale and the Franciscan Michael of Cesena, are historical figures, though Eco's characterization of them is not always historically accurate. His portrayal of Bernard Gui in particular has been widely criticized by historians as a caricature; Edward Peters has stated that the character is "rather more sinister and notorious ... than he ever was historically", and he and others have argued that the character is actually based on the grotesque portrayals of inquisitors and Catholic prelates more broadly in eighteenth and nineteenth-century Gothic literature, such as Matthew Gregory Lewis's The Monk (1796).  Additionally, part of the novel's dialogue is derived from Gui's inquisitor's manual, the Practica Inquisitionis Heretice Pravitatis. In the inquisition scene, the character of Gui asks the cellarer Remigius, "What do you believe?", to which Remigius replies, "What do you believe, my Lord?" Gui responds, "I believe in all that the Creed teaches", and Remigius tells him, "So I believe, my Lord." Bernard then points out that Remigius is not claiming to believe in the Creed, but to believe that he, Gui, believes in the Creed; this is a paraphrased example from Gui's inquisitor's manual, used to warn inquisitors of the manipulative tendencies of heretics.

Adso's description of the portal of the monastery is recognizably that of the portal of the church at Moissac, France. Dante Alighieri and his Comedy are mentioned once in passing. There is also a quick reference to a famous "Umberto of Bologna" – Umberto Eco himself.

Dramatic works

 * A play adaptation by Grigore Gonţa premiered at National Theatre Bucharest in 1998, starring Radu Beligan, Gheorghe Dinică, and Ion Cojar.
 * A two-part radio drama based on the novel and adapted by Chris Dolan was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 on June 16 and 23, 2006.

Films

 * In 1986, a film adaptation, was directed by Jean-Jacques Annaud, and stars Sean Connery as William of Baskerville and Christian Slater as Adso.

Graphic novels

 * Milo Manara turned the novel into a graphic novel in two parts in 2023.

Games

 * A Spanish video game adaptation was released in 1987 under the title La Abadía del Crimen (The Abbey of Crime).
 * Nomen Rosae (1988), a Spanish ZX Spectrum maze video game developed by Cocasoft and published by MicroHobby. It only depicts the abbey's library of the novel.
 * Il Noma della Rosa [sic] (1993) is a Slovak ZX Spectrum adventure video game developed by Orion Software and published by Perpetum.
 * Mystery of the Abbey is a board game inspired by the novel, designed by Bruno Faidutti and Serge Laget.
 * Ravensburger published an eponymous board game in 2008, designed by Stefan Feld, based on the events of the book.
 * Murder in the Abbey (2008), an adventure video game loosely based upon the novel, was developed by Alcachofa Soft and published by DreamCatcher Interactive.
 * La Abadía del Crimen Extensum (The Abbey of Crime Extensum), a free remake of La Abadía del Crimen written in Java, was released on Steam in 2016 with English-, French-, Italian-, and Spanish-language versions. This remake greatly enhances the gameplay of the original, while also expanding the story and the cast of characters, borrowing elements from the movie and book. The game is dedicated to Umberto Eco, who died in 2016, and Paco Menéndez, the programmer of the original game.
 * The novel and original film provided inspiration for aspects of Thief: The Dark Project, and a full mission in its expansion Thief Gold, specifically, monastic orders and the design of the aedificium. Additionally, in the games' level editor DromEd, the intentionally ugly default texture was given the name "Jorge".
 * The 2022 game Pentiment, which also involves a murder-mystery set in and around a medieval monastery, draws heavily from the novel, as confirmed by director Josh Sawyer and cited in the end-game credits.

Music

 * Dutch multi-instrumentalist Arjen Anthony Lucassen released the song "The Abbey of Synn" on his album Actual Fantasy (1996). Lyrics are direct references to the story.
 * The Swedish metal band Falconer released the song "Heresy in Disguise" in 2001, part of their Falconer album. The song is based on the novel.
 * The British metal band Iron Maiden released the song "Sign of the Cross" in 1995, part of their X Factor album. The song refers to the novel.
 * The British rock band Ten released the album The Name of the Rose (1996), whose eponymous track is loosely based around some of the philosophical concepts of the novel.
 * Romanian composer Șerban Nichifor released the poem Il nome della rosa for cello and piano 4 hands (1989). The poem is based on the novel.
 * The Japanese visual kei band D (band) named their debut album The name of the ROSE as a tribute to the book.

Television

 * An eight-part miniseries adaptation, The Name of the Rose was produced in Italy in 2018 and premiered on Rai 1 on March 4, 2019. The series was directed by Giacomo Battiato, and stars John Turturro as William of Baskerville, Rupert Everett as Gui, and newcomer Damian Hardung as Adso. The series premiered in the UK on BBC 2 on October 11, 2019.

Errors
Some historical errors present are most likely part of the literary artifice, whose contextualization is documented in the pages of the book preceding the Prologue, in which the author states that the manuscript on which the current Italian translation was later carried out contained interpolations due to different authors from the Middle Ages to the Modern Era. Eco also personally reported some errors and anachronisms present in various editions of the novel until the revision of 2011:

 * The novel mentions bell peppers, first in a recipe ("sheep meat with raw pepper sauce"), then in a dream of Adso, but it is an "impossible dish". These peppers were in fact imported from the Americas over a century and a half after the time in which the novel takes place. The same error is repeated later when Adso dreams of a reworking of the Coena Cypriani, in which among the different foods that guests bring to the table appear, in fact, also the peppers.
 * During the seventh day-night, Jorge tells Guglielmo that Francis of Assisi "imitated with a piece of wood the movements of the player violin", an instrument that did not exist before the 16th century.
 * At one point in the novel Adso claims to have done something in "a few seconds" when that time measure was not yet used in the Middle Ages.

Moreover, still present in the Note before the Prologue, in which Eco tries to place the liturgical and canonical hours:

If it is assumed, as logical, that Eco referred to the local mean time, the estimate of the beginning of the hour before dawn and the beginning of Vespers (sunset), so those in the final lines ("dawn and sunset around 7.30 and 4.40 in the afternoon"), giving a duration from dawn to noon equal to or less than that from noon to dusk, is the opposite of what happens at the end of November (it is an incorrect application of the equation of time).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: The Name of the Rose


text:
Vaughan, Mississippi

Vaughan (also Vaughans or Vaughn) is an unincorporated community in Yazoo County, Mississippi.

The settlement is 32 mi east of Yazoo City.

History
Vaughan was founded in 1830 and named for Henry Vaughan, who had established a plantation nearby. The town was established on an old stagecoach line and was for many years the main trading center of Yazoo County, including a large part of Madison County east of the Big Black River.

Casey Jones' railroad accident
The famous railroad accident that killed 37-year-old engineer Casey Jones happened near Vaughan in the early morning hours of April 30, 1900. On July 24, 1953, a ceremony was held at Vaughan, where more than 3,000 persons gathered to witness the unveiling of a bronze marker at the spot where Casey met his fate. In attendance were Sim Webb, Casey's fireman, and Janie Jones, Casey's widow. Beneath Casey's name, the following legend appeared: "A famous ballad, the folklore of American railroading, and a postage stamp commemorate the colorful and courageous engineer who was killed in a wreck here in 1900." The marker is now missing; however, the marker's post remains and can be found at the following coordinates: 32.81659°N, -90.03843°W. No plans by the State of Mississippi have been made to replace it.

The Casey Jones Railroad Museum State Park at Vaughan was designated a State Park on April 27, 1980. The museum began as a project of Massena Jones (no relation) in a building he owned across the road from the present site. The centerpiece of it was the damaged bell that was salvaged from the wreck site. In 2004 the museum closed, and years later, the depot was moved to West, Mississippi.

Education
Residents are a part of the Yazoo County School District, and are zoned to Linwood Elementary School (in Vaughan), Yazoo County Middle School and Yazoo County High School.

Notable person

 * Laurin Pepper, professional baseball player

title: Vaughan, Mississippi


text:
Taxation in Japan

Taxation in Japan is based primarily upon a national income tax (所得税) and a residential tax (住民税) based upon one's area of residence. There are consumption taxes and excise taxes at the national level, an enterprise tax and a vehicle tax at the prefectural level and a property tax at the municipal level.

Taxes are administered by the National Tax Agency.

Consumption tax
The Liberal Democratic Party government of Masayoshi Ōhira had attempted to introduce a consumption tax in 1979. Ohira met a lot of opposition within his own party and gave up on his attempt after his party suffered badly in the 1979 election. Ten years later, Noboru Takeshita successfully negotiated with politicians, bureaucrats, business and labor unions to introduce a consumption tax, which was introduced at a rate of 3% consumption tax in 1989.

In April 1997, under the government of Ryutaro Hashimoto it was increased to 5%. The 5% is made up of a 4% national consumption tax and a 1% local consumption tax. Shortly after the tax was introduced, Japan fell into recession, which was blamed by some on the consumption tax increase, and by others on the 1997 Asian financial crisis.

Prime Minister Jun'ichirō Koizumi said he had no intention of raising the tax during his government, but after his massive victory in the 2005 election he lifted a ban on discussing it. Over the following years a number of LDP politicians discussed raising it further, including prime ministers Shinzō Abe, Yasuo Fukuda, and Tarō Asō.

The Democratic Party of Japan came to power in the August 2009 elections with a promise not to raise the consumption tax for four years. The first DPJ prime minister, Yukio Hatoyama was opposed to a tax increase. Naoto Kan replaced him and called for the consumption tax to be raised. The following prime minister, Yoshihiko Noda "staked his political life" on raising the tax. Despite an internal battle that saw former DPJ leader and co-founder Ichirō Ozawa and many other DPJ diet members vote against the bill and then leave the party, on June 26, 2012, the lower house of the Japanese diet passed a bill to double the tax to 10%. The new bill increased the tax to 8% in April 2014 and 10% in October 2015.

Due to Japan's economic situation, the Abe government delayed the tax increase to 10% twice; initially until April 2017 and then October 2019. The Qualified Invoice is scheduled to implement on which the revised Consumption Tax Law comes into effect in October, 2023. A registered seller has a duty to issue a Qualified Invoice to a buyer when making a taxable transaction in selling goods or rendering services. Whereas the Qualified Invoice being recorded in bookkeeping and thereafter having been kept by a buyer, a consumption tax imposed on the taxable purchase may be eligible to deduct for his consumption tax return.

Controversial tax law
There is a spouse deduction that some have argued discourages men and women from entering the workforce full-time. In Japan, the Wall of 1.03 million yen and 1.30 million yen (103万円・130万円の壁) is a controversial social phenomenon among Japanese spouses due to the government's taxation policy. If a spouse's income is in excess of 1.03 million yen, which constitutes a taxable income of 380,000 yen, the couple can take the marital deduction (配偶者控除). If a spouse's income is in excess of 1.30 million yen, which constitutes a taxable income of 760,000 yen, a couple cannot take the special marital deduction (配偶者特別控除). A couple is not eligible for the marital deduction if the main earner's income is in excess of 10 million yen.

The Japanese income tax system has a progressive tax rate, that increases in stages as income increases.

The method of tax payment differs between those who work for a company and those who do business on their own.

The company you work for deducts income tax from your salary in advance and collectively pays the tax on your behalf, which is called "源泉徴収(Gensen choshu)".

Calculating one's own income and tax for the year and filing a tax return with the tax office is called "確定申告(kakutei shinkoku)".

Hometown tax
Since 2008, Japanese taxpayers have been allowed to pay 2,000 yen to redirect a portion of their income tax to one of the regions, instead of central government. Despite the name, there is no obligation for this to be the taxpayer's "home town". As the regions compete to win these taxes by offering "gifts" of various products and services in exchange, the result is that many taxpayers end up using it to buy products at a lower price. For example, a donation of 2,000 yen can produce a "gift" of 60 kg of rice, equivalent to an adult's annual consumption.

Inheritance tax
In Japan, inheritance tax is levied on individual heirs, not on the deceased's estate as a whole. Inheritance tax must be filed within 10 months of death.

The tax is levied at a progressive rate (up to 55%) based on the fair market value of the estate or inherited assets minus funeral expenses and any debts, exemptions, or allowances related to the inherited assets.

Tax rates vary and depend on the amount of property or assets received. There are several exemptions and tax credits associated with inheritance tax.

Excluding the basic exemptions, other possible tax exemptions available are:

 * Donations of property to certain non-profit organizations or public institutions
 * ¥5 million retirement allowance per legal heir
 * Life insurance benefits of ¥5 million per legal heir

Eligible tax credits include:

 * For heirs under 20 years of age: ¥100.000 x (age of heir)
 * For disabled heirs: ¥100.000 x (age of heir)
 * In the case of a special disabled heir: ¥200.000 x (heir's age)
 * Foreign tax credit is also available (to avoid double taxation)

Corporation tax
Taxes imposed in Japan on income derived from corporate activities include:

 * Corporate tax (national tax)
 * Local corporate tax (national tax)
 * Inhabitant tax (local tax)
 * Enterprise tax (local tax)
 * Special local corporate tax (national tax) (However, declared and paid to the local government together with enterprise tax)

Alcohol tax
Japanese alcohol tax is the one on alcoholic beverages such as sake, beer, and whiskey. It applies to beverages with an alcohol content of 1 degree or more, and the amount of tax is determined in detail according to the type of alcohol and alcohol content of the alcoholic beverage. The tax is paid by the manufacturer or importer, but since it is included in the price, it is actually the consumer who pays the tax.

Tobacco tax
In Japan, the price of cigarettes includes four types of taxes: national tobacco tax, local tobacco tax, special tobacco tax, and consumption tax. Although it varies by brand and other factors, for example, the tax burden on a typical paper cigarette can reach as high as 60%, making cigarettes one of the most heavily taxed products in Japan.

title: Taxation in Japan