text:
Leo Cruz

Leonardo Cruz (born January 17, 1953, in Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic), better known in the world of boxing as Leo Cruz, was a world Jr. Featherweight champion from the Dominican Republic. He is the younger brother of former lightweight world champion of boxing, Carlos Cruz.

Personal
Leo was the brother of Carlos Cruz. Carlos had conquered the world Lightweight title by beating Carlos Ortiz in 1968, but lost his life in a plane crash on February 15, 1970.

Early life
Leo moved to Puerto Rico early in the 1970s, and began identifying himself as half Puerto Rican almost immediately.

Pro career
He began his successful professional boxing career in Puerto Rico, with a string of wins. Despite having beaten future two time world champion Lupe Pintor, however, Cruz was still a virtual unknown when given a chance to win the WBC world Jr. Featherweight championship. Despite losing by a knockout in the 13th round against world champion Wilfredo Gómez, his stock around the boxing world rose after that fight. Cruz kept on fighting, and winning, until he was given a second world title try, this time by the WBA world champion Sergio Victor Palma, in Buenos Aires. Cruz was beaten by a decision in 15 by the Argentine world champion, but in a rematch on 12 June 1982 at Miami, Cruz became world champion by defeating Palma by a decision, also in 15 rounds.

Cruz in his first defense knocked out Benito Badilla of Chile in eight rounds, at Roberto Clemente Coliseum in San Juan. When Gómez left his WBC title vacant soon after, Cruz became recognized by most fans as the universal world champion. Then, he defeated South Korean challenger Soon-Hyun Chung, by decision in 15; after dropping him in round eight; also in San Juan. In his first defense at his home country, Cruz put his title on the line in August 1983 against Nicaraguan challenger Cleo Garcia at Santo Domingo. Cruz retained the title by a decision.

With a defense against Puerto Rican Victor Luvi Callejas looming ahead, Cruz went to Milan in February 1984, and, while defending his crown against Italian Loris Stecca, was stopped in round 12, therefore losing the WBA world junior featherweight title.

Comeback
Cruz attempted a comeback in 1985, winning one fight, but retiring for good after that.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Leo Cruz


text:
Talk:Fujian

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 4 October 2021 and 9 December 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Damonmand.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 21:55, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Demographics
Of all province of china pages, only Fujian has a sentence dealing with genetic studies. Are there similar studies for other provinces? Hanfresco 09:50, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

Hangzhou
Are you sure it is Hangzhou (not a port) and not Hanzhou, as was written before, which is a port city in Guangdong province, just as Guangzhou? olivier 09:09 Jan 17, 2003 (UTC)

 * I put Hanzhou as the English word for 杭州 at first but change to hangzhou as the latter term is the Pinyin transliteration. Hangzhou was a port but now is not because its harbour was silted up. I would also like to know about Hanzhou the port city in Guangdong. You can say something about it in Guangdong the wikipedia article. User:kt2

 * I am actually not sure about the transliteration of "Hanzhou". I just remember hearing of such a harbor city near Hong Kong. I will add related information it I find some. On the other hand, I have added the information you gave above regarding Hangzhou's harbor in the city's article. olivier 13:49 Jan 19, 2003 (UTC)

Should a table of facts of the Fukien or Fuchien Province under ROC's jurisdiction be added?

Clarification
This article is not very clear about the differences between Fujian and Fukien/Fuchien. I think it needs split up, with a seperate article on each, and a clear explanation of which refers to what. Cripipper 14:08, 3 September 2006 (UTC)

Quemoy is now Kinmen
The archipalego of Quemoy is officially known as Kinmen in Taiwan, so I've changed the article to reflect this.

Proposal for Hanji-based Hokkien Wikipedia
Please leave comments at.

122.109.171.138 (talk) 04:59, 11 August 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20120904053006/http://www.stats-fj.gov.cn:80/tjts/tjgb/0201202240027.htm to http://www.stats-fj.gov.cn/tjts/tjgb/0201202240027.htm

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External links modified
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Postal romanization
Could you please justify the recent trend of adding postal romanizations and non-standard eye dialect spellings of Chinese place names? A redirect or a brief mentioning is enough, but using the bold font and putting them in the introduction table is too much. They are not "alternate romanizations", they're obsolete, arbitrary and inconsistent, only differing in a letter or two because authors didn't have a standard to work with. Wikipedia is thus conducting original research, making the spellings more popular than ever, which is against Wikipedia policies. --2001:16B8:316F:4E00:40A:B738:AAD8:2479 (talk) 22:59, 22 January 2020 (UTC)

Topmost table has incorrect formatting
It doesn't show in the web version of the article's webpage, but in the Wikipedia app article's upper Quick Facts table (specifically, the button you click to drop it down) looks like this:

Quick Facts: • .mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}Chinese, • .mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}Abbreviation...

When it should only display just "Quick Facts:"

Chances are, the formatting is simply missing a curly bracket somewhere, but I don't know enough about Wikipedia's markup language to find it. The lower Quick Facts table is fine though, and thus could serve as a comparison to find the error in the upper one. OlliverWithDoubleL (talk) 08:28, 7 May 2020 (UTC)

"Fu-chien County" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fu-chien_County&redirect=no Fu-chien County] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. Jay 💬 11:09, 23 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fujian


text:
Eleanor Alice Burford

Eleanor Alice Hibbert (née Burford; 1 September 1906 – 18 January 1993) was an English writer of historical romances. She was a prolific writer who published several books a year in different literary genres, each genre under a different pen name: Jean Plaidy for fictionalized history of European royalty and the three volumes of her history of the Spanish Inquisition, Victoria Holt for gothic romances, and Philippa Carr for a multi-generational family saga. She also wrote light romances, crime novels, murder mysteries and thrillers under pseudonyms Eleanor Burford, Elbur Ford, Kathleen Kellow, Anna Percival, and Ellalice Tate.

In 1989, the Romance Writers of America gave her the Golden Treasure award in recognition of her contributions to the romance genre. By the time of her death, she had written more than 200 books that sold more than 100 million copies and had been translated into 20 languages. She continues to be a widely borrowed author among British libraries.

Personal life

Hibbert was born Eleanor Alice Burford on 1 September 1906 at 20 Burke Street, Canning Town, now part of the London borough of Newham. She inherited a love of reading from her father, Joseph Burford, a dock labourer. Her mother was Alice Louise Burford, née Tate.

When she was quite young, bad health forced her to be privately educated at home. At the age of 16 she went to a business college, where she studied shorthand, typewriting, and languages. She then worked for a jeweller in Hatton Garden where she weighed gems and typed. She also worked as a language interpreter in a café for French and German-speaking tourists.

In her early twenties she married George Percival Hibbert (c. 1886–1966), a wholesale leather merchant about twenty years older than herself, who shared her love of books and reading. She was his second wife. During World War II, the Hibberts lived in a cottage in Cornwall that looked out over a bay called Plaidy Beach.

Between 1974 and 1978, Eleanor Hibbert bought a 13th-century manor house in Sandwich, Kent, that she named King's Lodging because she believed that it had served previously as lodging for English monarchs Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. The house had carved fireplaces and a staircase from the Tudor period. Hibbert restored the house and furnished it opulently but soon found it too big for her taste and too far from London.

She then moved to a two-storey penthouse apartment at Albert Court, Kensington Gore, London, that overlooked the Royal Albert Hall and Hyde Park. She shared her apartment with Mrs. Molly Pascoe, a companion who also travelled with her.

In 1985, Hibbert sold King's Lodging.

Hibbert spent her summers in her cottage near Plaidy Beach in Cornwall. To get away from the cold English winter, Hibbert would sail around the world on board a cruise ship three months a year from January to April. The cruise would take her to exotic destinations like Egypt and Australia, locations that she later incorporated into her novels. She sailed to Sydney aboard the cruise ship Oronsay in 1970, and the Canberra in 1978.

Towards the end of her life, her eyesight started failing.

Eleanor Hibbert died on 18 January 1993 on the cruise ship Sea Princess somewhere between Athens, Greece and Port Said, Egypt and was buried at sea. A memorial service was later held on 6 March 1993, at St Peter's Anglican Church, Kensington Park Road, London.

Literary influences
Eleanor Hibbert grew up in London. She first discovered her fascination for the past when she visited Hampton Court in her teenage years. After her marriage, Hibbert achieved the financial independence she needed to realise her desire to write. London's monuments and royal personalities filled Hibbert's historical novels. She was also influenced by her regular visits to British historic homes and their architecture.

During World War II, the Hibberts lived in Cornwall, whose pebble beaches, high cliffs and treacherous blue waters served as the setting for many of the Victoria Holt gothic novels.

In later life, Hibbert took a world cruise every year. Her ship called in ports of countries like Turkey, Egypt, India, South Africa, Hong Kong, Ceylon and Australia. These exotic destinations serve as the backdrop in later Victoria Holt novels. In the late 1960s, Hibbert spent two months visiting the Australian goldfields 40 miles north of Melbourne, research for her 1971 Victoria Holt novel, The Shadow of the Lynx. In 1972, Hibbert travelled from Sydney to Melbourne via the Snowy Mountains and visited Hobart, Launceston, Geelong, Ballarat and Bendigo.

Hibbert's Philippa Carr novels were based partly in Cornwall and partly in Australia.

Hibbert was influenced in her writing by the Brontës (especially the novel Jane Eyre), George Eliot, Charles Dickens, Victor Hugo, and Leo Tolstoy.

Early work
During the 1930s, Hibbert wrote nine long novels (each about 150,000 words in length), all of them serious psychological studies of contemporary life. However, none of these were accepted for publication. At the same time, she wrote short stories for newspapers including the Daily Mail and Evening News. Some also appeared in The Star, Woman's Realm and Ladies' Home Journal. The turning point came when the fiction editor of the Daily Mail told her, "You're barking up the wrong tree: you must write something which is saleable, and the easiest way is to write romantic fiction."

Hibbert read 50 romance novels as research and then published her first fiction book, Daughter of Anna, in 1941. It was a period novel set in Australia of the late 18th and 19th centuries. It was a moderate success and Hibbert received £30 as advance for it. The book was published under her maiden name, Eleanor Burford, which was also used for her contemporary novels. Following the success of the book, Hibbert was contracted by Herbert Jenkins publishers to write one book a year. By 1961 Hibbert had published 31 novels under this name, including ten romance novels for Mills & Boon.

Pseudonyms
In 1945, she chose the pseudonym Jean Plaidy for her new novel Together They Ride at the request of her agent. The name was inspired by Plaidy Beach near the Hibberts' home in Looe, Cornwall during World War II. Her agent suggested the first name, saying "Jean doesn't take much room at the back of the book". The book was published by Gerald G. Swan, a London publisher. The next book written under the Jean Plaidy pseudonym was Beyond the Blue Mountains in 1948. The publisher Robert Hale accepted the 500-page manuscript after it had been rejected by several others. The firm wrote to Hibbert's literary agency, A.M. Heath, "Will you tell this author that there are glittering prizes ahead for those who can write as she does?". In 1949, Hibbert hit her stride with the first Jean Plaidy novel that fictionalized stories of royalty: The King's Pleasure, featuring Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. A total of 91 Jean Plaidy novels were published. Hibbert's last Jean Plaidy book, The Rose Without a Thorn, was published posthumously.

Hibbert also wrote four non-fiction books under the pseudonym Jean Plaidy. The first, A Triptych of Poisoners (1958), was a collection of short biographies of poisoners: Cesare Borgia, Marie d'Aubray and Edward William Pritchard. The other three were a trilogy on the Spanish Inquisition: The Rise (1959), The Growth (1960) and The End (1961).

From 1950 to 1953, Hibbert wrote four novels as Elbur Ford, a pen name derived from her maiden name, Eleanor Burford. These novels were based on real-life murderers of the nineteenth century: Edward William Pritchard (Flesh and the Devil, 1950); Adelaide Bartlett (Poison in Pimlico, 1950); Euphrasie Mercier (The Bed Disturbed, 1952) and Constance Kent (Such Bitter Business, 1953 – published in the U.S. in 1954 under the title Evil in the House).

Between 1952 and 1960, Hibbert used the pseudonym Kathleen Kellow to write eight novels that were mostly crime and mystery fiction. From 1956 to 1961, she wrote five novels as Ellalice Tate, a pseudonym inspired by her mother's name, Alice Tate.

In 1960, at the suggestion of her agent, Patricia Schartle Myrer, she wrote her first Gothic romance, Mistress of Mellyn, under the name Victoria Holt. The pseudonym was created by choosing the name Victoria for its regal, romantic ring while the name Holt was taken from the military bank of Holt & Company where Hibbert had an account. Published by Doubleday in the United States and Collins in the United Kingdom, Mistress of Mellyn became an instant international bestseller and revived the Gothic romantic suspense genre.

Mistress of Mellyn was a clever weaving of elements from earlier Gothic novels such as Jane Eyre (1847), The Woman in White (1859), and Rebecca (1938). Its setting in Cornwall made the resemblance to Rebecca (1938) so remarkable that it was speculated that Victoria Holt was a pseudonym for Daphne du Maurier. After six Victoria Holt novels were published over eight years, it was revealed that Hibbert was the author. Hibbert wrote a further 31 novels as Victoria Holt, primarily portraying fictitious characters set against an authentic period background, usually of the late 19th century. The last Victoria Holt novel, The Black Opal, was published after her death.

In 1960, Hibbert wrote a novel under the name Anna Percival, a pseudonym inspired by her husband's middle name, Percival. Hibbert never used that pen name again.

She created her last pseudonym, Philippa Carr, in 1972 at the suggestion of her publisher, Collins, to create a new series showing successive generations of English gentlewomen involved in important historical events starting with the Reformation and ending with World War II.

Hibbert continued to use the pseudonym Jean Plaidy for her historical novels about the crowned heads of Europe. Her books written under this pseudonym were popular with the general public and were also hailed by critics and historians for their historical accuracy, quality of writing, and attention to detail.

Research
Hibbert based her research on the writings of British historians such as John Speed, James Anthony Froude, Alexander Fraser Tytler and Agnes Strickland.

Each of Hibbert's Jean Plaidy books featured a bibliography at the end, listing the historical works consulted during the process of writing the book. The Kensington Central Library gave Hibbert special concessions to aid her research. She was allowed to go down to the vault where the out-of-circulation books were stored, and borrow them a trolley-load at a time. She was even allowed to take the books home and keep them as long as she wanted.

When her eyesight started failing towards the end of her life, she borrowed audiobooks from the Westminster City Council public libraries.

Writing discipline
Hibbert was a prolific writer, churning out multiple books in a year under different pseudonyms, chiefly Jean Plaidy, Victoria Holt and Philippa Carr. Jean Plaidy proved very popular in the United Kingdom, selling large quantities in paperback while Victoria Holt was a bestseller in the United States. Many of her readers never realized that behind all these pen names was a single author.

Hibbert attributed her large output to her regular working habits. She described herself as a compulsive writer and would write all seven days in the week. She started every morning at the typewriter on her desk, usually completing five thousand words by lunchtime. Though writing stimulated her, she found the typewriter to be a physical strain. She devoted five hours every day to her writing, in addition to the time that it took her to proof-read her draft and conduct research. In the afternoon, she would personally answer all the fan mail she received. She would also spend time at Kensington Central Library. In the evening, she played chess if she could find an opponent or attended social engagements.

Even while on her annual cruise around the world, Hibbert maintained her discipline. She wrote in the mornings, played chess in the afternoons, and joined in the shipboard entertainments in the evenings. She preferred to work on her Victoria Holt novels while on board the cruise ship because they did not require as much research or fact-checking at a library.

Literary agents and publishers
Eleanor Hibbert enjoyed healthy, lifelong relationships with her literary agents and publishers, a rare feat in the publishing world. She was represented in the United Kingdom by A.M. Heath Literary Agency and by McIntosh & Otis in the United States. Her long-time American agent was Patricia Schartle Myrer followed by Julie Fallowfield.

London publisher Herbert Jenkins published 20 light romantic novels from 1941 to 1955 that Hibbert wrote under the pen name Eleanor Burford. The contract, initially for one book a year at an advance of £30 a title, was later revised to two books a year when the books proved successful.

Mills and Boon, a London publisher that specialised in low-priced, paperback, romantic novels brought out 10 romance novels from 1956 to 1962 that Hibbert wrote under the pen name Eleanor Burford.

Gerald G Swan published the first Jean Plaidy book in 1945 but every one after that was published by Robert Hale. Starting with Beyond the Blue Mountains (1948) and extending over the entire course of her lifetime, Robert Hale published a total of 90 Jean Plaidy books in hardcover with dust jackets illustrated by specialist artist Philip Gough.

MacRae Smith Co. of Philadelphia published Jean Plaidy titles in the United States. Foreign language editions of Jean Plaidy books began appearing in 1956: in French by Éditions Robert Laffont, Paris; in Spanish by Guillermo Kraft Limitada, Buenos Aires; and in Dutch by Uitgeverij A.J. Luitingh, Amsterdam.

In 1951, Canadian paperback publishers Harlequin reprinted Jean Plaidy's Beyond the Blue Mountains in paperback to achieve their greatest commercial success to that date: of the 30,000 copies sold, only 48 were returned.

Robert Hale published eight Kathleen Kellow crime and mystery novels between 1952 and 1960 in hardcover with dust jackets by Philip Gough. Robert Hale also published the sole book written under the Anna Percival pseudonym, The Brides of Lanlory.

From 1950 to 1953, four Elbur Ford crime novels were published by London publisher William Morrow in the United Kingdom and New York publisher Werner Laurie in the United States.

From 1956 to 1961, Hodder & Stoughton published all five historical novels written under the pseudonym Ellalice Tate.

From 1960 to 1993, Hibbert wrote 32 Victoria Holt novels for the publishing giants Collins in the United Kingdom and Doubleday in the United States. Many of them were bestsellers and were translated into 20 languages to reach a worldwide audience.

From 1972 to 1993, Hibbert wrote 19 Philippa Carr novels that were published by Collins in the United Kingdom and Putnam in the United States. A few of them were later translated into foreign languages such as Spanish, Finnish, Russian and Polish.

By the time of her death in 1993, Hibbert had sold 75 million books translated in 20 languages under the name Victoria Holt, 14 million under the name Jean Plaidy and 3 million under the name Philippa Carr.

After her death, Mark Hamilton of the A.M. Heath Literary Agency took over as executor for her literary estate, estimated to be worth about £8,790,807 at probate.

Romance novels
• # Daughter of Anna (1941)

• # Passionate Witness (1941)

• # The Married Lover (1942)

• # When the Entire World Is Young (1943)

• # So the Dreams Depart (1944)

• # Not in Our Stars (1945)

• # Dear Chance (1947)

• # Alexa (1948)

• # The House at Cupid's Cross (1949)

• # Believe the Heart (1950)

• # The Love Child (1950)

• # Saint or Sinner (1951)

• # Bright Tomorrow (1952)

• # Dear Delusion (1952)

• # Leave Me My Love (1953)

• # When We Are Married (1953)

• # Castles in Spain (1954)

• # Heart's Afire (1954)

• # Two Loves in Her Life (1955)

• # When Other Hearts (1955)The book The Love Child published in 1950 by Eleanor Burford must not be mistaken for the same-titled novel by Philippa Carr published in 1978 as part of the Daughters of England Series.

Mills & Boon novels
• # Begin to Live (1956)

• # Married in Haste (1956)

• # To Meet a Stranger (1957)

• # Blaze of Noon (1958)

• # Pride in the Morning (1958)

• # Red Sky at Night (1959)

• # The Dawn Chorus (1959)

• # Night of Stars (1960)

• # Now That April's Gone (1961)

• # Who's Calling? (1962)

The Mary Stuart Queen of Scots Series

 * Royal Road to Fotheringay (1955) (later re-published under the Jean Plaidy name)

Jean Plaidy
Many Jean Plaidy books were published under different titles in the United States. Her trilogies were also later re-published as single books, often under different titles than those shown.

Single novels
• # Together They Ride (1945)

• # Beyond the Blue Mountains (1948)

• # The King's Pleasure (1949) (a.k.a. Murder Most Royal in the Tudor Saga)

• # The Goldsmith's Wife (1950) (a.k.a. The King's Mistress)

• # Daughter of Satan (1952)

• # Lilith (1954)

• # Melisande (It Began in Vauxhall Gardens) (1955)

• # The Scarlet Cloak (1957)

• # The Queen of Diamonds (1958)

• # Milady Charlotte (1959)

• # Evergreen Gallant (1965)

• # Defenders of the Faith (1971)

• # Madame du Barry (1994)

• # The King's Adventurer (1996) (Originally This Was a Man by Ellalice Tate)

Omnibus

 * Katharine of Aragon (omnibus of novels 2 – 4 in The Tudor Saga)
 * Catherine De Medici (1969)
 * Charles II (omnibus of novels 2 – 4 in The Stuart Saga)
 * Isabella and Ferdinand (1970)

The Tudor Saga
• # Uneasy Lies the Head (1982) (a.k.a. To Hold the Crown)

• # Katharine, the Virgin Widow (1961)

• # The Shadow of the Pomegranate (1962)

• # The King's Secret Matter (1962)

• # Murder Most Royal (1949) (a.k.a. The King's Pleasure)

• # Saint Thomas' Eve (1954) (a.k.a. The King's Confidante)

• # The Sixth Wife (1953)

• # The Thistle and the Rose (1963)

• # Mary, Queen of France (1964)

• # The Spanish Bridegroom (1954) (a.k.a. For a Queen's Love)

• # Gay Lord Robert (1955) (republished as Lord Robert (UK) in 2007 and A Favorite of the Queen (US) in 2010)

The Catherine De Medici Trilogy

 * 1) Madame Serpent (1951)
 * 2) The Italian Woman (1952) (a.k.a. The Unholy Woman)
 * 3) Queen Jezebel (1953)

The Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots Series

 * Royal Road to Fotheringay (1955) (first published as being by Eleanor Burford)
 * The Captive Queen of Scots (1963)

The Stuart Saga
• # The Murder in the Tower (1964)

• # The Wandering Prince (1956)

• # A Health Unto His Majesty (1956)

• # Here Lies Our Sovereign Lord (1957)

• # The Three Crowns (1965)

• # The Haunted Sisters (1966)

• # The Queen's Favourites (1966) (a.k.a. Courting Her Highness)

The French Revolution Series

 * Louis the Well Beloved (1959)
 * The Road to Compiègne (1959)
 * Flaunting, Extravagant Queen (1957)

The Lucrezia Borgia Series

 * Madonna of the Seven Hills (1958)
 * Light on Lucrezia (1958)

The Isabella and Ferdinand Trilogy

 * Castile for Isabella (1960)
 * Spain for the Sovereigns (1960)
 * Daughters of Spain (1961) (a.k.a. Royal Sisters)

The Georgian Saga
• # The Princess of Celle (1967)

• # Queen in Waiting (1967)

• # Caroline, the Queen (1968)

• # The Prince and the Quakeress (1975)

• # The Third George (1969)

• # Perdita's Prince (1969)

• # Sweet Lass of Richmond Hill (1970)

• # Indiscretions of the Queen (1970)

• # The Regent's Daughter (1971)

• # Goddess of the Green Room (1971)

• # Victoria in the Wings (1972)

The Queen Victoria Series
• # The Captive of Kensington Palace (1972)

• # The Queen and Lord M (1973)

• # The Queen's Husband (1973)

• # The Widow of Windsor (1974)

The Norman Trilogy

 * The Bastard King (1974)
 * The Lion of Justice (1975)
 * The Passionate Enemies (1976)

The Plantagenet Saga
• # The Plantagenet Prelude (1976)

• # The Revolt of the Eaglets (1977)

• # The Heart of the Lion (1977)

• # The Prince of Darkness (1978)

• # The Battle of the Queens (1978)

• # The Queen from Provence (1979)

• # Edward Longshanks (1979) (republished as The Hammer of the Scots in 2008)

• # The Follies of the King (1980)

• # The Vow on the Heron (1980)

• # Passage to Pontefract (1981)

• # The Star of Lancaster (1981)

• # Epitaph for Three Women (1981)

• # Red Rose of Anjou (1982)

• # The Sun in Splendour (1982)

The Queens of England Series
• # Myself My Enemy (1983) (a.k.a. Loyal in Love)

• # Queen of This Realm (1984)

• # Victoria Victorious (1985)

• # The Lady in the Tower (1986)

• # The Courts of Love (1987)

• # In the Shadow of the Crown (1988)

• # The Queen's Secret (1989)

• # The Reluctant Queen (1990)

• # The Pleasures of Love (1991) (a.k.a. The Merry Monarch's Wife)

• # William's Wife (1992) (a.k.a. The Queen's Devotion)

• # Rose Without a Thorn (1993)

Children's novels

 * Meg Roper, daughter of Sir Thomas More (1961)
 * The Young Elizabeth (1961)
 * The Young Mary Queen of Scots (1962)

The Spanish Inquisition Series (non-fiction)

 * The Rise of the Spanish Inquisition (1959)
 * The Growth of the Spanish Inquisition (1960)
 * The End of the Spanish Inquisition (1961)

Historical non-fiction

 * A Triptych of Poisoners (1958)
 * Mary Queen of Scots: The Fair Devil of Scotland (1975)

20th century
Jean Plaidy historical novels were welcomed by readers who found them to be an easy way to gain insight into a sweeping panorama of European history.

It was common for school girls in England to read these in history lessons, whilst hiding them behind their proper text books.

In the last decade of the 20th century, historical fiction went out of fashion. Jean Plaidy titles went out of print.

21st century
In October 2001, Rachel Kahan, associate editor at Crown Publishing Group, and Jean Plaidy fan since childhood, discovered that Jean Plaidy books had gone out of print in the United States.

Kahan bought the reprint rights to ten Jean Plaidy novels. In April 2003, Crown chose to publish two books under the Three Rivers Press imprint, both featuring Henry VIII. The Lady in the Tower and The Rose Without a Thorn tell the story of two of his six wives, Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard, both of whom were beheaded. The books were published in paperback with new titles, modern covers and a readers' guide at the back. The first printing of 30,000 copies of each book sold out in 3 months. Based on this success, Crown's United Kingdom unit, Arrow Books, bought the entire Jean Plaidy backlist.

Three Rivers Press editions
In the Spring of 2003 Three Rivers Press, an imprint of U.S.A. publisher Crown Publishing Group, started republishing Jean Plaidy's stories. Three Rivers Press published some of the books with new titles which are listed here:
 * Mary, Queen of Scotland: The triumphant year (23 November 2004, ISBN 0-609-81023-5) previously published as Royal Road to Fotheringay (1955) by Eleanor Burford.
 * The Loves of Charles II (25 October 2005, ISBN 1-4000-8248-X) is an omnibus that collects The Wandering Prince (1956), A Health Unto His Majesty (1956), and Here Lies Our Sovereign Lord (1957).
 * Loyal in Love (23 October 2007, ISBN 0-307-34616-1) previously published as Myself My Enemy (1983).
 * The Merry Monarch's Wife (22 January 2008, ISBN 0-307-34617-X) previously published as The Pleasures of Love (1991).
 * The Queen's Devotion (26 August 2008, ISBN 0-307-34618-8) previously published as William's Wife (1990).
 * To Hold the Crown (7 October 2008, ISBN 0-307-34619-6) previously published as Uneasy Lies the Head (1982).
 * The King's Confidante (7 April 2009, ISBN 0-307-34620-X) previously published as Saint Thomas' Eve (1954).
 * For a Queen's Love (2 March 2010, ISBN 0-307-34622-6) previously published as The Spanish Bridegroom (1954).
 * A Favorite of the Queen (2 March 2010, ISBN 0-307-34623-4) previously published as Gay Lord Robert (1955).

Elbur Ford
• Poison in Pimlico, 1950

• The Flesh and the Devil, 1950

• Bed Disturbed, 1951

• Evil in the House, 1953

• Such Bitter Business, 1953

Kathleen Kellow
Some of these novels were re-published under the Jean Plaidy name.

• Danse Macabre, 1952

• Rooms at Mrs. Oliver's, 1953

• Lilith, 1954

• It Began in Vauxhall Gardens, 1955

• Call of the Blood, 1956

• Rochester, the Mad Earl, 1957

• Milady Charlotte, 1959

• The World's a Stage, 1960

Ellalice Tate
All these novels were later re-published under the Jean Plaidy name.

• Defenders of the Faith, 1956

• The Scarlet Cloak, 1957

• The Queen of Diamonds, 1958

• Madame du Barry, 1959

• This Was a Man, 1961 (re-published as The King's Adventurer by Jean Plaidy)

Anna Percival

 * The Brides of Lanlory, 1960

Single novels
• # Mistress of Mellyn (1960)

• # Kirkland Revels (1962)

• # Bride of Pendorric (1963)

• # The Legend of the Seventh Virgin (1965)

• # Menfreya in the Morning (1966)

• # The King of the Castle (1967)

• # The Queen's Confession: The Story of Marie-Antoinette (1968)

• # The Shivering Sands (1969)

• # The Secret Woman (1970)

• # Shadow of the Lynx (1971)

• # On the Night of the Seventh Moon (1972)

• # The Curse of the Kings (1973)

• # The House of a Thousand Lanterns (1974)

• # Lord of the Far Island (1975)

• # The Pride of the Peacock (1976)

• # Devil on Horseback (1977)

• # My Enemy, the Queen (1978)

• # Spring of the Tiger (1979)

• # Mask of the Enchantress (1980)

• # Judas Kiss (1981)

• # The Demon Lover (1982)

• # The Time of the Hunter's Moon (1983)

• # The Landower Legacy (1984)

• # The Road to Paradise Island (1985)

• # Secret for a Nightingale (1986)

• # Silk Vendetta (1987)

• # The India Fan (1988)

• # The Captive (1989)

• # Snare of Serpents (1990)

• # Daughter of Deceit (1991)

• # Seven for a Secret (1992)

• # The Black Opal (1993)

Anthologies in collaboration

 * "The Bride of Pendorric" in Three Great Romantic Stories (1972) (with Hebe Elsna and Lucy Walker)

20th century
Victoria Holt books proved popular with the reading public and many of them made it to bestseller lists. Hibbert won loyalty from large numbers of women readers who passed along their copies to the next generation of women in their family. Hibbert described her heroines as "women of integrity and strong character" who were "struggling for liberation, fighting for their own survival."

Her 1960 novel Mistress of Mellyn single-handedly revived the Gothic romance genre. Many women started writing their own gothic romances. Even male authors like Tom E. Huff and Julian Fellowes succumbed to the trend and wrote romances under female pseudonyms.

Victoria Holt novels became best-sellers. In 1970, when gothic mania was at its peak, The Secret Woman became one of the top 10 best-selling books in the United States. By 1975, a Victoria Holt paperback began with a first printing of 800,000 copies.

By the early 1970s gothic novels outsold all other genres in paperback fiction, including mysteries, science fiction and Westerns. This coincided with consolidation within the publishing industry where paperbacks and hardcover publishers were brought together under the same corporate parent for the first time. More sophisticated marketing efforts led to placement in grocery and drugstore checkout aisles, where they found their target audience: educated, middle-class women with a reading habit.

Hibbert's romance novels were clean; at the most the main characters exchanged smouldering looks of longing. However, by 1969 the sexual revolution had made explicit description more acceptable. In April 1972, the romance novel The Flame and the Flower took advantage of this change in trend and revolutionized the historical romance genre by detailing physical intimacy between the protagonists. Another such novel, Sweet Savage Love, that followed in 1974 cemented the trend. A new genre was thus born, dubbed the 'sweet savage romance' or the 'bodice ripper' because of the heaving, partly exposed bosom often pictured on the cover.

Interest in Hibbert's clean romances declined. In 1976, a critic complained that Victoria Holt's heroines "must be a little bit dumb or they won't get themselves into such improbable messes in the first place." The next Victoria Holt novel, The Devil on Horseback (1977), was described as "from another era, sort of out of step with today's style." Critics judged the books as falling "short of her previous standards."

By the early 1980s, Gothic romances were no longer as popular as a decade earlier. Readers demanded more sex and adventure in their romance novels. Publishers created paperback imprints like Silhouette and Candlelight Ecstasy simply to satisfy the enormous demand for "bodice rippers" and "hot historicals".

Bowing to the changing times, Hibbert wrote The Demon Lover, a 1982 Victoria Holt novel, in a style that borrowed several elements from the plot of Sweet Savage Love: forced seduction of a naive girl by a powerful man ending in marriage, set against a background of turmoil in war time. Critics congratulated the move: "Her latest, 'The Demon Lover', is a straight romance with sexual passion, which is currently 'in'. It has no suspense: the thrilling twists and turns of plot that marked her Gothic novels are no more."

Victoria Holt's heroines left the decorous drawing rooms of Victorian England to find adventure in far more exotic locations: inside an Egyptian pyramid (The Curse of the Kings, 1973); among Chinese antiques in Hong Kong (The House of a Thousand Lanterns, 1974); down the opal mines of Australia (The Pride of the Peacock, 1976); on a tea plantation in Ceylon (The Spring of the Tiger, 1979); among lush, tropical islands off the coast of Australia (The Road to Paradise Island, 1985); in Crimea with Florence Nightingale (Secret for a Nightingale, 1986); in mutiny-filled British India (The India Fan, 1988); in a Turkish nobleman's harem in Constantinople (The Captive, 1989); in the British colonies of South Africa (Snare of Serpents, 1990); and on a shipwreck in the South Sea Islands (The Black Opal, 1993).

In 1993, Hibbert died. In the closing years of the 20th century, Victoria Holt titles were made available in large print, audiobook and Braille formats. Translations in several European languages, Russian, Hebrew, Persian, Chinese, Korean, Thai, Vietnamese and Japanese also appeared.

21st century
In 2006, London publisher Harper reprinted four of Victoria Holt's most popular titles with new covers: Mistress of Mellyn (1961), The Shivering Sands (1969), The Shadow of the Lynx (1971) and The Time of the Hunter's Moon (1983). Foreign language translations in European languages, Japanese, Sinhalese and Thai were also published that year.

Daughters of England Series
• # The Miracle at St. Bruno's (1972)

• # The Lion Triumphant (1974)

• # The Witch from the Sea (1975)

• # Saraband for Two Sisters (1976)

• # Lament for a Lost Lover (1977)

• # The Love Child (1978)

• # The Song of the Siren (1980)

• # The Drop of the Dice (1981) later renamed "Will You Love Me in September"

• # The Adulteress (1982)

• # Knave of Hearts (1983) originally titled Zipporah's Daughter

• # Voices in A Haunted Room (1984)

• # The Return of the Gypsy (1985)

• # Midsummer's Eve (1986)

• # The Pool of St. Branok (1987)

• # The Changeling (1989)

• # The Black Swan (1990)

• # A Time for Silence (1991)

• # The Gossamer Cord (1992)

• # We'll Meet Again (1993)

Single novels

 * 1) Daughters of England (1995)

title: Eleanor Alice Burford


text:
Great ape personhood

Great ape personhood is a movement to extend personhood and some legal protections to the non-human members of the great ape family: bonobos, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans.

Advocates include primatologists Jane Goodall and Dawn Prince-Hughes, evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins, philosophers Paola Cavalieri and Peter Singer, and legal scholar Steven Wise.

Status

On February 28, 2007, the parliament of the Balearic Islands, an autonomous community of Spain, passed the world's first legislation that would effectively grant legal personhood rights to all great apes. The act sent ripples across Spain, producing public support for the rights of great apes. On June 25, 2008, a parliamentary committee set forth resolutions urging Spain to grant the primates the right to life and liberty. If approved "it will ban harmful experiments on apes and make keeping them for circuses, television commercials, or filming illegal under Spain's penal code."

These precedents followed years of European legal efforts. In 1992, Switzerland amended its constitution to recognize animals as beings and not things. However, in 1999 the Swiss constitution was completely rewritten. A decade later, Germany guaranteed rights to animals in a 2002 constitutional amendment, the first European Union member to do so.

New Zealand created specific legal protections for five great ape species in 1999. The use of gorillas, chimpanzees and orangutans in research, testing or teaching is limited to activities intended to benefit these animals or its species. A New Zealand animal protection group later argued the restrictions conferred weak legal rights.

Several European countries (including Austria, the Netherlands and Sweden) have completely banned the use of great apes in animal testing. Austria was the first country to ban experimentation on lesser apes. Under EU Directive 2010/63/EU, the entire European Union banned great ape experimentation in 2013.

Argentina granted a captive orangutan basic rights in late 2014.

On April 20, 2015, Justice Barbara Jaffe of New York State Supreme Court ordered a writ of habeas corpus to two captive chimpanzees but the next day the ruling was amended to strike the words "writ of habeas corpus".

Advocacy
Well-known advocates include primatologist Jane Goodall, who was appointed a goodwill ambassador for the United Nations to fight the bushmeat trade and end ape extinction; Richard Dawkins, former Professor for the Public Understanding of Science at Oxford University; Peter Singer, professor of philosophy at Princeton University; and attorney and former Harvard professor Steven Wise, founder and president of the Nonhuman Rights Project (NhRP), whose aim is to use U.S. common law on a state-by-state basis to achieve recognition of legal personhood for great apes and other self-aware, autonomous non-human animals. All advocate for great ape personhood.

In December 2013, the NhRP filed three lawsuits on behalf of four chimpanzees being held in captivity in New York State, arguing that they should be recognized as legal persons with the fundamental right to bodily liberty (i.e. not to be held in captivity) and that they are entitled to common law writs of habeas corpus and should be immediately freed and moved to sanctuaries. All three petitions for writs of habeas corpus were denied, allowing for the right to appeal. The NhRP is appealing all three decisions.

Goodall's longitudinal studies revealed the social and family life of chimps to be similar to those of human beings. She herself calls them individuals, and says they relate to her as an individual member of the clan. Laboratory studies of ape language ability began to reveal other human traits, as did genetics, and eventually three of the great apes were reclassified as hominids.

Other studies, such as one done by Beran and Evans, indicate other qualities that humans share with non-human primates, namely the ability to self-control. In order for chimpanzees to control their impulsivity, they use self-distraction techniques similar to those that are used by children. Great apes also exhibited ability to plan as well as project "oneself into the future", known as the process of mental time travel. Such complicated tasks require self-awareness, which great apes appear to possess: "the capacity that contribute to the ability to delay gratification, since a self-aware individual may be able to imagine future states of the self".

This, alongside the increasing risk of great ape extinction, had led the animal rights movement to put pressure on nations to recognize apes as having limited rights and being legal "persons." In response, the United Kingdom introduced a ban on research using great apes, although testing on other primates has not been limited.

Writer and lecturer Thomas Rose argues that granting legal rights to non-humans is nothing new. He points out that in most of the world, "corporations are recognized as legal persons and are granted many of the same rights humans enjoy, the right to sue, to vote and to freedom of speech." Dawn Prince-Hughes has written that great apes meet the commonly accepted standards for personhood: "self-awareness; comprehension of past, present, and future; the ability to understand complex rules and their consequences on emotional levels; the ability to choose to risk those consequences, a capacity for empathy, and the ability to think abstractly."

Gary Francione questions the concept of granting personhood on the basis of whether the animal is human-like (as some have argued) and believes sentience should be the sole criteria used to determine if an animal should enjoy basic rights. Several other animals, including mice and rats, should also be granted such rights, he asserts.

Interpretation
Depending on the exact wording of any proposed or adopted declaration, personhood for the great apes raises questions concerning protections and obligations under national and international laws including:
 * Articles 7–29 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
 * The 1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons and 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness regarding nationality and citizenship for persons
 * Provisions 4 and 5 of the Declaration of the Rights of the Child

title: Great ape personhood


text:
Paul C. Doherty

Paul Charles Dominic Doherty (born 21 September 1946) is an English author, educator, lecturer and historian. He is also the Headmaster of Trinity Catholic High School in London, England. Doherty is a prolific writer, has produced dozens of historical novels and a number of nonfiction history books.

Biography
Doherty was born in 1946 and spent his early years in Middlesbrough. After A-levels, he went to Ushaw College, Durham for three years to study for the Catholic priesthood, which he did not pursue. He attended Liverpool University where he gained a First Class Honours Degree in History and at Exeter College, Oxford, where he received a doctorate for his thesis on Edward II. Doherty is a historian who lectures for a number of organisations, particularly on historical mysteries.

In 1981 he was appointed Headmaster at Trinity Catholic High School in Woodford Green and a role he continues to this day. In 2003 he was appointed as Interim Headteacher of King Solomon High School, after Jo Shooter left. He was awarded an Order of the British Empire for his services to education in 2011.

Literary career
Doherty has published several series of historical mysteries set in the Middle Ages, Classical, Greek, Ancient Egyptian and other periods. He writes both fiction and non-fiction under his own name, both as P.C. Doherty and Paul C. Doherty, as well as under the pennames Anna Apostolou, Michael Clynes, Ann Dukthas, C. L. Grace, Paul Harding, and Vanessa Alexander.

His works include The Sorrowful Mysteries of Brother Athelstan, the Hugh Corbett medieval mysteries, and the Canterbury Tales of Mystery and Murder, which are listed below. As "Michael Clynes", Doherty wrote the Roger Shallot mysteries, set in the era of Henry VIII. He has written 100 published books which have been printed in multiple languages and published around much of the world.

In a Doherty interview with Michael Shankland, the latter says of Doherty: "I admire how this writer can use the medium of a novel to demonstrate a deep knowledge of the complex working of early 14th-century diplomacy and espionage. Paul C. Doherty seems to be one of the few writers focusing on the Hundred Years' War who understands the importance of the relationship between England and Gascony during this era".

A review of The Horus Killings at reviewingtheevidence.com opines that Doherty maintains a balance between historical description and the action of the plot on perfect pitch. "The mix is near perfect. The descriptive passages enhance the story, allowing the reader to vividly visualize an unfamiliar setting without detracting from the page-turning pace desirable in a light mystery." Harriet Klausner states in her review of this same book that "Ancient historical fiction/mystery readers, especially Egyptologists, will cherish this novel."

A 2009 review by Mike Ripley, himself an acclaimed author and regular contributor to SHOTS Crime and Mystery magazine, states of Doherty's book The Spies of Sobeck:

"'A very wise literary agent (and there are some) once told me that the trick with historical mysteries was to hook the reader early on with the mystery and then give them the history lesson. They know the lesson is coming but they want to be lured, almost fooled, into listening to it. Paul Doherty goes out of his way to break this rule. His latest novel and the seventh in his 'Ancient Egyptian Mysteries' series, 'The Spies of Sobeck' starts (and ends) with historical notes by the author; there's also a map and a list of characters and their position in the hierarchy of Egypt in 1477BC. So the reader is left in no doubt that they are in for a history lesson and they get one; and it is the positive master class we have come to expect from Paul Doherty. This is history red in tooth and claw and Doherty has proved, in more than fifty novels over a variety of historical settings, that when he gives a history lesson, readers sit up straight and pay attention.'"

In 1998 Doherty was included in the Times' "Murder They Write: 100 masters of crime" list published as a supplement to the Times on 18 April 1998. The list, compiled by book critics and authors, included Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Agatha Christie and Raymond Chandler.

He was awarded the Herodotus Award, for lifelong achievement for excellence in the writing of historical mysteries by the Historical Mystery Appreciation Society. Treason of the Ghosts was named one of The Times' Best of this year's crime novels in 2000.

Documentaries
The UK Channel Five documentary, The Secret Life of Elizabeth I (2006), was based on his book of the same title. It explored Doherty's theory that Elizabeth I may have had a secret love child.

He recently appeared in a National Geographic Channel documentary, Secrets of the Virgin Queen. The documentary examines some controversial theories as to why Elizabeth never married (2011).

title: Paul C. Doherty


text:
List of folk musicians

This is a list of folk musicians, sorted by country, with some sub-categories based on region, style or gender.

Albania

 * Eli Fara
 * Fatime Sokoli
 * Nikollë Nikprelaj

Andean

 * Savia Andina

Argentina

 * Huldreslåt
 * Mercedes Sosa
 * Eduardo Falu
 * Jorge Cafrune
 * Ariel Ramirez
 * Los Fronterizos
 * Pescado Rabioso

Armenia

 * Djivan Gasparyan
 * Udi Hrant
 * Gor Mkhitarian

Australia

 * Paul Kelly
 * Blue King Brown
 * Eric Bogle
 * Sarah Blasko
 * Boy And Bear
 * Kasey Chambers
 * Slim Dusty
 * Steve Gadd
 * Roaring Jack
 * Matthew John Corby
 * Vance Joy
 * Lisa Mitchell
 * Siobhan Owen
 * The Seekers
 * Judy Small
 * Angus & Julia Stone
 * The Waifs

Indigenous Australians

 * Kerrianne Cox
 * David Hudson
 * Archie Roach

Ashik

 * Ali Ekber Çiçek
 * Aşık Mahzuni Şerif
 * Aşık Khanlar
 * Aşık Veysel
 * Neşet Ertaş
 * Aşiq Ələsgər
 * Jivani
 * Sayat-Nova
 * Karacaoğlan
 * Kul Nesîmî
 * Pir Sultan Abdal

Bangladesh

 * Lalon
 * Hason Raja
 * Abbasuddin Ahmed
 * Shah Abdul Karim
 * Momtaz Begum
 * Habib Wahid
 * Farida Parveen
 * Salma Akhter
 * Bari Siddiqui
 * Ferdausi Rahman
 * Abdur Rahman Boyati

Bolivia

 * Asunta Limpias de Parada

Brazil

 * Anavitória
 * Cartola

Bulgaria

 * The Bisserov Sisters
 * Bistritsa Babi
 * Bulgarka Junior Quartet
 * Pirin Folk Ensemble
 * Svetoglas
 * Trio Bulgarka

A–M

 * Susan Aglukark
 * The Band
 * Del Barber
 * Kim Barlow
 * Be Good Tanyas
 * Heather Bishop
 * La Bolduc
 * La Bottine Souriante
 * Oscar Brand
 * Tim Chaisson
 * Bruce Cockburn
 * Leonard Cohen
 * The Cottars
 * Les Colocs
 * Crash Vegas
 * Bonnie Dobson
 * Luke Doucet
 * Wilf Doyle
 * The Duhks
 * Fred Eaglesmith
 * Kathleen Edwards
 * Stephen Fearing
 * Ferron
 * Serge Fiori
 * Jeremy Fisher
 * Flying Bulgar Klezmer Band
 * David Francey
 * Ginalina
 * Grapes of Wrath
 * Great Big Sea
 * Great Lake Swimmers
 * Norm Hacking
 * Sarah Harmer
 * Harmonium
 * Hart-Rouge
 * Wade Hemsworth
 * The Hidden Cameras
 * Veda Hille
 * Ian & Sylvia
 * Reid Jamieson
 * James Keelaghan
 * Mary Jane Lamond
 * Abigail Lapell
 * Leah
 * Gordon Lightfoot
 * Old Man Luedecke
 * Ashley MacIsaac
 * Buddy MacMaster
 * Natalie MacMaster
 * Rita MacNeil
 * Kate & Anna McGarrigle
 * Loreena McKennitt
 * Murray McLauchlan
 * Lynn Miles
 * Alan Mills
 * Joni Mitchell

N–Z

 * Jory Nash
 * Faith Nolan
 * The Paperboys
 * Evalyn Parry
 * Po' Girl
 * Le Rêve du Diable
 * Garnet Rogers
 * Nathan Rogers
 * Stan Rogers
 * Buffy Sainte-Marie
 * Jonathan Seet
 * Ron Sexsmith
 * Rae Spoon
 * The Travellers
 * Lucie Blue Tremblay
 * Valdy
 * Le Vent du Nord
 * The Wailin' Jennys
 * Loudon Wainwright III
 * Dawud Wharnsby
 * Jesse Winchester
 * Ken Yates
 * Neil Young

Chile

 * Víctor Jara
 * Violeta Parra

Moravia

 * Karel Kryl
 * Jaromír Nohavica

Denmark

 * Helene Blum
 * Jullie Hjetland
 * Rune T. Kidde
 * Nina & Frederik

Finland

 * Timo Alakotila
 * Angelit
 * Frigg
 * Gjallarhorn
 * Islaja
 * Arto Järvelä
 * Mauno Järvelä
 * JPP
 * Konsta Jylhä
 * Sari Kaasinen
 * Maria Kalaniemi
 * Sanna Kurki-Suonio
 * Loituma
 * Värttinä
 * Jenny Wilhelms
 * Wimme

France

 * Sacha Distel
 * Maxime Le Forestier
 * Malicorne
 * Gus Viseur

Brittany

 * Dan Ar Braz
 * Jean Chocun
 * Jean-Paul Corbineau
 * Jean-Louis Jossic
 * Kej
 * Kornog
 * Alan Stivell
 * Tri Yann
 * Nolwenn Leroy

Byzantine psalmody

 * Nektaria Karantzi

Paleá dhimotiká

 * Aristidis Moschos
 * Chronis Aidonidis
 * Haris Alexiou
 * Rosa Eskenazi
 * Marika Papagika
 * Giorgos Papasideris
 * Vassilis Tsitsanis
 * Markos Vamvakaris

Nisiótika
Greek Islands' songs (Νησιώτικα):

 * Mariza Koch
 * Domna Samiou

Hungary

 * Ági Szalóki
 * Márta Sebestyén
 * Muzsikás
 * Zoltan Kodály
 * The Moon and the Nightspirit

Iceland

 * Of Monsters & Men
 * Bara Grimsdottir

A–G

 * Ila Arun
 * Malini Awasthi
 * Allah Jilai Bai
 * Gulab Bai
 * Teejan Bai
 * Dipali Barthakur
 * Parvathy Baul
 * Chinnaponnu
 * Anima Choudhury
 * Anupama Deshpande
 * Bindhyabasini Devi
 * Gambhari Devi
 * Vinjamuri Seetha Devi
 * Shreya Ghoshal
 * Dolly Guleria

H–S

 * Vishaka Hari
 * Abhaya Hiranmayi
 * Jagmohan Kaur
 * Kollangudi Karuppayee
 * Jagjit Kaur
 * Parkash Kaur
 * Ranjit Kaur
 * Surinder Kaur
 * Anitha Kuppusamy
 * Belli Lalitha
 * Swaran Lata (singer)
 * Hildamit Lepcha
 * Kumari Kanchan Dinkerao Mail
 * Manpreet Akhtar
 * Lopamudra Mitra
 * Paravai Muniyamma
 * Rockstar Ramani Ammal
 * Vithabai Bhau Mang Narayangaonkar
 * Vijayalakshmi Navaneethakrishnan
 * Nooran Sisters
 * Pratima Barua Pandey
 * Kalpana Patowary
 * Malika Pukhraj
 * Rajnigandha Shekhawat
 * Meena Rana
 * Sheetal Sathe
 * Thanjai Selvi
 * Sharda Sinha
 * Sithara (singer)

T–Z

 * Vangapandu Usha
 * Vimalakka
 * Hira Devi Waiba
 * Navneet Aditya Waiba

A–G

 * A.R. Akela
 * Abdul Alim (folk singer)
 * Guda Anjaiah
 * Sukhraj Aujla
 * Pammi Bai
 * Rasamayi Balakishan
 * Patthe Bapurao
 * Paban Das Baul
 * Bhopa
 * S. D. Burman
 * Hemant Chauhan
 * Anthony Daasan
 * Jhusia Damai
 * Bipul Chettri
 * Gaddar
 * Bhikhudan Gadhvi
 * Karnail Gill
 * Habib Painter

H–S

 * Hans Raj Hans
 * Balappa Hukkeri
 * Lal Chand Yamla Jatt
 * Kalekuri Prasad
 * Avtar Singh Kang
 * H. R. Keshava Murthy
 * Ateeq Hussain Khan
 * Kachra Khan
 * Sabar Koti
 * Khagen Mahanta
 * Asa Singh Mastana
 * Morup Namgyal
 * Naranappa Uppoor
 * Shishir Parkhie
 * Rameshwar Pathak
 * Adarsh Rathore
 * Wilfy Rebimbus
 * Devdatta Sable
 * Shahir Krishnarao Sable
 * Master Saleem
 * Purna Das Baul
 * Satinder Sartaaj
 * Madan Gopal Singh
 * Ghulam Hassan Sofi
 * Deshapati Srinivas

T–Z

 * Prahlad Tipanya
 * Vitthal Umap
 * Wadali Brothers
 * Warsi Brothers

Ireland

 * ALT
 * Altan
 * Mary Black
 * Luka Bloom
 * The Bothy Band
 * Paul Brady
 * Kevin Burke
 * Karan Casey
 * The Chieftains
 * The Clancy Brothers
 * Liam Clancy
 * Willie Clancy
 * Clannad
 * Michael Coleman
 * The Corrs
 * De Danann
 * Dervish
 * Cara Dillon
 * Johnny Doran
 * The Dubliners
 * Séamus Egan
 * Energy Orchard
 * Seamus Ennis
 * Brian Finnegan
 * Orla Gartland
 * Frankie Gavin
 * Goats Don't Shave
 * Len Graham
 * Lisa Hannigan
 * Frank Harte
 * Martin Hayes
 * Andy Irvine
 * The Johnstons
 * Dolores Keane
 * Frankie Kennedy
 * Sinéad Lohan
 * Lúnasa
 * Dónal Lunny
 * Tommy Makem
 * Michael McGoldrick
 * Matt Molloy
 * Christy Moore
 * James Morrison
 * Van Morrison
 * Johnny Moynihan
 * Máire Ní Chathasaigh
 * Muireann Nic Amhlaoibh
 * Maura O'Connell
 * Sinéad O'Connor
 * Liam O'Flynn
 * Sally Oldfield
 * Patrick Street
 * Planxty
 * The Pogues
 * Fionn Regan
 * Damien Rice
 * Micho Russell
 * Sharon Shannon
 * Davy Spillane
 * Paddy Tunney
 * The Waterboys
 * Andy White
 * The Wolfe Tones

Israel

 * Chava Alberstein
 * David Broza
 * Bradley Fish
 * Mark Eliyahu
 * Aviva Semadar

Italy

 * Adamo
 * Carlo Buti
 * Francesco Guccini
 * Fabrizio De André

Japan

 * Rinken Band

Mexico

 * Joan Sebastian

Netherlands

 * Omnia

New Zealand

 * Avalanche City
 * Martin Curtis
 * Flight of the Conchords
 * Luke Hurley
 * Bic Runga
 * Mahinarangi Tocker
 * Topp Twins
 * Marcus Turner

Nigeria

 * Brymo

Norway

 * Frigg
 * Myllarguten
 * Annbjørg Lien
 * Chateau Neuf Spelemannslag

Peru

 * Wayno

Philippines

 * Freddie Aguilar

Romania

 * Veta Biriș

Russian Federation

 * Jeanne Bichevskaya
 * Sasha Lazard
 * Ivan Rebroff
 * Terem Quartet

Slovenia

 * Slavko Avsenik
 * Atomik Harmonik

South Africa

 * Ladysmith Black Mambazo
 * Mahotella Queens
 * Miriam Makeba
 * David Kramer

Spain

 * La Musgaña
 * Llan de Cubel
 * Hevia
 * Luar Na Lubre
 * Jorge Pardo
 * Carlos Núñez
 * Radio Tarifa
 * Narciso Yepes

Sweden

 * First aid kit
 * Francis
 * Frifot
 * Garmarna
 * Per Gudmundson
 * Emma Härdelin
 * Hedningarna
 * Pehr Hörberg
 * Åsa Jinder
 * Sofia Karlsson
 * Hållbus Totte Mattson
 * Ale Möller
 * Anders Norudde
 * Swåp
 * The Tallest Man On Earth
 * Roger Tallroth
 * Triakel
 * Väsen
 * Lena Willemark

Tibet

 * Yungchen Lhamo

Turkey

 * Altın Gün
 * Aşık Veysel
 * Güler Duman
 * Muhlis Akarsu
 * Belkis Akkale
 * Selda Bağcan
 * Ali Ekber Cicek
 * Nesimi Çimen
 * Musa Eroğlu
 * Sabahat Akkiraz
 * Lalezar Ensemble
 * Musa Eroğlu
 * Neşet Ertaş
 * Hasret Gültekin
 * Udi Hrant
 * Ahmet Kaya
 * Erkan Oğur
 * Arif Sağ
 * Baba Zula

Tuva

 * Huun-Huur-Tu
 * Kongar-ol Ondar

A–M

 * Mike Absalom
 * Harvey Andrews
 * Joan Armatrading
 * Frankie Armstrong
 * Badly Drawn Boy
 * Roy Bailey
 * James Bay
 * Peter Bellamy
 * Birdy
 * Blowzabella
 * Jon Boden
 * Bombay Bicycle Club
 * Billy Bragg
 * Anne Briggs
 * Jake Bugg
 * Vashti Bunyan
 * Eliza Carthy
 * Martin Carthy
 * Jim Causley
 * Dolly Collins
 * Shirley Collins
 * Coope Boyes and Simpson
 * Pete Cooper
 * Copper family
 * Harry Cox
 * Andy Cutting
 * Sandy Denny
 * Dodie
 * Lonnie Donegan
 * Nick Drake
 * Barry Dransfield
 * Nigel Eaton
 * Edward II
 * Emmy the Great
 * George Ezra
 * Fairport Convention
 * Newton Faulkner
 * Flook
 * Chris Foster
 * Jo Freya
 * Vin Garbutt
 * Davey Graham
 * David Gray
 * Clive Gregson
 * John Wesley Harding
 * Bella Hardy
 * Roy Harper
 * Boo Hewerdine
 * Robyn Hitchcock
 * Ben Howard
 * Ashley Hutchings
 * Bert Jansch
 * Nic Jones
 * Wizz Jones
 * Fred Jordan
 * Sandra Kerr
 * William Kimber
 * John Kirkpatrick
 * Chris Leslie
 * Bert Lloyd
 * Kirsty MacColl
 * Laura Marling
 * John Martyn
 * Iain Matthews
 * Kirsty McGee
 * Ralph McTell
 * Pete Morton
 * Mumford and Sons

N–Z

 * Simon Nicol
 * Old Swan Band
 * Beth Orton
 * Oysterband
 * Roo Panes
 * Passenger
 * Brian Peters
 * Maddy Prior
 * John Renbourn
 * Lucy Rose
 * Saul Rose
 * Kate Rusby
 * Martin Simpson
 * Slow Club
 * John Spiers
 * The Staves
 * Steeleye Span
 * Cat Stevens
 * Stornoway
 * The Story
 * Joe Summers
 * Dave Swarbrick
 * Sam Sweeney
 * June Tabor
 * John Tams
 * Jeremy Taylor
 * TESS
 * Scan Tester
 * Jake Thackray
 * Richard Thompson
 * Teddy Thompson
 * Frank Turner
 * Karen Tweed
 * Uiscedwr
 * Ward Thomas
 * Lal Waterson
 * Norma Waterson
 * The Watersons
 * Lewis Watson
 * Whippersnapper
 * Roger Wilson
 * Chris Wood
 * The Young Tradition

Cornwall

 * Dalla
 * Fisherman's Friends
 * Brenda Wootton

Northumbria

 * Jack Armstrong
 * John Armstrong (of Carrick)
 * Tommy Armstrong
 * Will Atkinson
 * Tom Clough
 * Johnny Handle
 * George Hepple
 * Joe Hutton
 * Jack the Lad
 * James Hill
 * Nancy Kerr
 * Billy Pigg
 * Jock Purdon
 * Colin Ross
 * Kathryn Tickell
 * Robert Whinham
 * The Witches of Elswick
 * Jez Lowe

Isle of Man

 * Christine Collister

 * Ruth Keggin

Scotland

 * Aidan O'Rourke
 * Alistair Hulett
 * Alasdair Roberts
 * Aly Bain
 * Amy MacDonald
 * Archie Fisher
 * Battlefield Band
 * Bert Jansch
 * Billy Connolly
 * Capercaillie
 * Catriona MacDonald
 * Dick Gaughan
 * Duncan Chisholm
 * Donovan
 * Eric Bogle
 * Ewan MacColl
 * Gordon Duncan
 * Ian Campbell Folk Group
 * Ivan Drever
 * James Mackintosh
 * John McCusker
 * Johnny Cunningham
 * Julie Fowlis
 * Karine Polwart
 * Kris Drever
 * Lau
 * Linda Thompson
 * Martyn Bennett
 * Matt McGinn
 * Phil Cunningham
 * Rachel Hair
 * Shooglenifty
 * Sìleas
 * Silly Wizard
 * Simon Thoumire
 * Skipinnish
 * The Corries
 * The House Band
 * The Incredible String Band
 * The McCalmans
 * The Tannahill Weavers
 * Tom Anderson
 * Wolfstone

Wales

 * Fernhill
 * Jack Harris
 * Mary Hopkin
 * Sian James
 * Ceri Rhys Matthews
 * Julie Murphy
 * Siobhan Owen
 * Siân Phillips
 * Phil Tanner

Appalachian

 * Clarence Ashley
 * Joe Bethancourt
 * Dock Boggs
 * Fleming Brown
 * Dick Burnett
 * Guy Carawan
 * Sara Carter
 * Stoney Cooper
 * Hazel Dickens
 * Roscoe Holcomb
 * Tommy Jarrell
 * Kossoy Sisters
 * Wilma Lee
 * Bascom Lamar Lunsford
 * New Lost City Ramblers
 * Uncle Charlie Osborne
 * Jean Ritchie
 * Sam Rizzetta
 * Loraine Wyman
 * Doc Watson
 * Uncle Dave Macon
 * Charlie Poole
 * Possessed by Paul James
 * Rising Appalachia

Cajun and zydeco

 * Fernest Arceneaux
 * Amédé Ardoin
 * Chris Ardoin
 * Dewey Balfa
 * BeauSoleil
 * Bobby Charles
 * Boozoo Chavis
 * C. J. Chenier
 * Clifton Chenier
 * Geno Delafose
 * John Delafose
 * Keith Frank
 * Queen Ida
 * Beau Jocque
 * Rosie Ledet
 * D. L. Menard
 * Jimmy C. Newman
 * Steve Riley and the Mamou Playboys
 * Rockin' Dopsie
 * Rockin' Sidney
 * Amanda Shaw
 * Terrance Simien
 * Jo-El Sonnier
 * Nathan Williams
 * Buckwheat Zydeco
 * Zydeco Force

A–C

 * The Accidentals
 * Derroll Adams
 * A Fragile Tomorrow
 * The Almanac Singers
 * Eric Andersen
 * Jamie Anderson
 * Joan Baez
 * Devendra Banhart
 * Robin Batteau
 * Dan Bern
 * Leon Bibb
 * Theodore Bikel
 * Billy Pilgrim
 * David Blue
 * Hugh Blumenfeld
 * Dock Boggs
 * Gordon Bok
 * Ralston Bowles
 * Bryan Bowers
 * Oscar Brand
 * Brewer & Shipley
 * Chuck Brodsky
 * David Bromberg
 * Jonatha Brooke
 * The Brothers Four
 * Greg Brown
 * Jeff Buckley
 * Tim Buckley
 * David Buskin
 * The Byrds
 * Rolf Cahn
 * Andrew Calhoun
 * Hamilton Camp
 * Guy Carawan
 * Mary Chapin Carpenter
 * Liz Carroll
 * Dave Carter
 * Chad Mitchell Trio
 * Len Chandler
 * Harry Chapin
 * Tracy Chapman
 * The Chenille Sisters
 * Cherish the Ladies
 * Vic Chesnutt
 * Frank Christian
 * Meg Christian
 * The Civil Wars
 * Paul Clayton
 * Slaid Cleaves
 * Shana Cleveland
 * Judy Collins
 * Lui Collins
 * Shawn Colvin
 * Annette Conlon
 * Matt Costa
 * Elizabeth Cotten
 * Jim Croce
 * Mike Cross
 * Sis Cunningham
 * Catie Curtis

D–F

 * Barbara Dane
 * Erik Darling
 * The Decemberists
 * Grey DeLisle
 * Kris Delmhorst
 * Iris DeMent
 * John Denver
 * Ani DiFranco
 * Alice Di Micele
 * disappear fear
 * Alix Dobkin
 * DW (Dave) Drouillard
 * Antje Duvekot
 * Richard Dyer-Bennet
 * Bob Dylan
 * Eddie from Ohio
 * Seamus Egan
 * Cass Elliot
 * Ramblin' Jack Elliott
 * Mark Erelli
 * John Fahey
 * Mimi Fariña
 * Richard Fariña
 * Anne Feeney
 * Melissa Ferrick
 * Cathy Fink
 * Fleet Foxes
 * Steve Forbert
 * Mark Fosson
 * Jeffrey Foucault
 * Four Bitchin' Babes
 * Bob Franke
 * Donavon Frankenreiter
 * Debbie Friedman

G–J

 * Gaia Consort
 * Garfunkel and Oates
 * Mary Gauthier
 * Bob Gibson
 * Ronnie Gilbert
 * Vance Gilbert
 * Eliza Gilkyson
 * Terry Gilkyson
 * Steve Gillette
 * Tif Ginn
 * Girlyman
 * Joe Glazer
 * Steve Goodman
 * John Gorka
 * Mark Gormley
 * Tracy Grammer
 * Greenbriar Boys
 * Patty Griffin
 * Nanci Griffith
 * Arlo Guthrie
 * Nora Guthrie
 * Sarah Lee Guthrie
 * Woody Guthrie
 * Kristen Hall
 * Frank Hamilton
 * Kristy Hanson
 * Jack Hardy
 * Kelly Harrell
 * Jesse Harris
 * Richie Havens
 * Bess Lomax Hawes
 * Lee Hays
 * John Herald
 * Priscilla Herdman
 * Carolyn Hester
 * Sara Hickman
 * The Highwaymen
 * Anne Hills
 * David Holt
 * Holy Modal Rounders
 * Rita Hosking
 * Cisco Houston
 * Michael Hurley
 * Janis Ian
 * Indigo Girls
 * Iron & Wine
 * Bon Iver
 * Eileen Ivers
 * Burl Ives
 * Ella Jenkins
 * Jim and Jean
 * Jewel Kilcher
 * Mason Jennings
 * Orville Johnson
 * Daniel Johnston
 * Freedy Johnston
 * Billy Jonas
 * Diana Jones
 * Dick Justice

K–M

 * Si Kahn
 * Noah Kahan
 * Shira Kammen
 * Christine Kane
 * Lucy Kaplansky
 * Buell Kazee
 * The Kennedys
 * Barbara Kessler
 * Jennifer Kimball
 * Charlie King
 * The Kingston Trio
 * The Klezmatics
 * Bonnie Koloc
 * Leo Kottke
 * Peter La Farge
 * Jimmy LaFave
 * Bruce Langhorne
 * Patty Larkin
 * Lavender Diamond
 * Christine Lavin
 * Lead Belly
 * Katie Lee
 * Julius Lester
 * Jeffrey Lewis
 * Lily and Maria
 * The Limeliters
 * Alan Lomax
 * Laura Love
 * Lullaby for the Working Class
 * The Lumineers
 * The Mammals
 * Cindy Mangsen
 * Woody Mann
 * Roger Manning
 * Marcy Marxer
 * Molly Mason
 * Willy Mason
 * David Massengill
 * Ed McCurdy
 * John McCutcheon
 * Country Joe McDonald
 * Brownie McGhee
 * Lori McKenna
 * Will McLean
 * Melanie
 * Ingrid Michaelson
 * The Microphones
 * Bill Miller
 * Roger Miller
 * Anaïs Mitchell
 * Modern Folk Quartet
 * Alastair Moock
 * Bill Morrissey
 * Mount Eerie
 * Jason Mraz
 * Moxy Früvous
 * Geoff Muldaur
 * Maria Muldaur
 * Peter Mulvey

N–R

 * Holly Near
 * Fred Neil
 * Ayla Nereo
 * Neutral Milk Hotel
 * The New Christy Minstrels
 * Carrie Newcomer
 * Joanna Newsom
 * Nickel Creek
 * The Nields
 * Willie Nile
 * John Jacob Niles
 * Conor Oberst
 * Phil Ochs
 * Mark O'Connor
 * Odetta
 * Jerry O'Sullivan
 * Jim Page
 * Patrick Park
 * Tom Paxton
 * Ellis Paul
 * Alice Peacock
 * Elvis Perkins
 * Peter, Paul & Mary
 * Gretchen Peters
 * Phillip Phillips
 * Utah Phillips
 * Phranc
 * Wally Pleasant
 * Rose Polenzani
 * John Prine
 * Chris Pureka
 * R.E.M.
 * Joshua Radin
 * Ratsy
 * Toshi Reagon
 * Rebecca Riots
 * Red Molly
 * Del Rey
 * Malvina Reynolds
 * Jean Ritchie
 * Josh Ritter
 * Earl Robinson
 * The Roches
 * Libby Roderick
 * The Rooftop Singers
 * Jack Rose
 * Josh Rouse
 * Tom Rush

S–T

 * The Sandpipers
 * Claudia Schmidt
 * Eric Schwartz
 * Mike Seeger
 * Peggy Seeger
 * Pete Seeger
 * The Serendipity Singers
 * Martin Sexton
 * Linda Shear
 * The Shells
 * Richard Shindell
 * Michelle Shocked
 * Paul Siebel
 * Judee Sill
 * Simon & Garfunkel
 * Patrick Sky
 * Langhorne Slim
 * Fred Small
 * Chloe Smith
 * Elliott Smith
 * Michael Peter Smith
 * Mindy Smith
 * Stephan Smith
 * Chris Smither
 * Solas
 * Faith Soloway
 * Leah Song
 * Rosalie Sorrels
 * Mark Spoelstra
 * Bill Staines
 * James Lee Stanley
 * Starling Arrow
 * Jody Stecher
 * Sufjan Stevens
 * The Story
 * Sweet Honey in the Rock
 * Taylor Swift
 * The Tarriers
 * James Taylor
 * Livingston Taylor
 * Luke Temple
 * Rosie Thomas
 * Trapezoid
 * Artie Traum
 * Happy Traum
 * Two Nice Girls

U–Z

 * Uncle Bonsai
 * Jay Ungar
 * Dave Van Ronk
 * Townes Van Zandt
 * Suzanne Vega
 * Voices on the Verge
 * Eric Von Schmidt
 * Loudon Wainwright III
 * Tom Waits
 * M. Ward
 * Washington Squares
 * Linda Waterfall
 * Doc Watson
 * Willie Watson
 * The Weavers
 * The Weepies
 * Gillian Welch
 * Susan Werner
 * Hedy West
 * Floyd Red Crow Westerman
 * Cheryl Wheeler
 * Erica Wheeler
 * Whiskeytown
 * Josh White
 * William Elliott Whitmore
 * David Wilcox
 * Dar Williams
 * Lucinda Williams
 * Victoria Williams
 * Cris Williamson
 * Wishing Chair
 * Denison Witmer
 * Kate Wolf
 * Hally Wood
 * Martin Zellar

Uzbekistan

 * Turgun Alimatov

title: List of folk musicians


text:
Paul Harding

Paul Harding may refer to:

 * Paul Harding (Australian rules footballer) (born 1964), English-born Australian rules footballer
 * Paul Harding (English footballer) (born 1964), English association football (soccer) player
 * Paul Harding, pen-name for English writer Paul C. Doherty (born 1946)
 * Paul Harding (author) (born 1967), American author, previously drummer for Cold Water Flat
 * Paul "El Hornet" Harding, DJ and co-founder of Australian-British drum and bass band Pendulum
 * Paul Harding High School, a high school in northeast Indiana that was closed in 2011.

title: Paul Harding