text:
Talk:Agreed Framework

Web resources
The non-proliferation treaty, which North Korea signed in 1985, is designed to stop the spread of nuclear weapons and technology. It said at the weekend that it might withdraw from the pact, a move that would deepen concern over its nuclear intentions. North Korea previously pulled out of the treaty in 1993 to stop inspectors visiting its Yongbyon nuclear facilities, precipitating an international crisis that ended 18 months later when Pyongyang made a deal with the Clinton administration to freeze work at the plant in return for energy sources.

The article says:

 * When by 1999 economic sanctions had not been lifted and full diplomatic relations between U.S. and North Korea had not been established, North Korea warned that they would resume nuclear research unless the U.S. kept up its end of the bargain.

This sounds like North Korea was fulfilling the bargain while the US was failing to fulfill it. But the article points out that North Korea admittedly was violating the treaty. Doesn't this mean that the US is not obligated to provide aid, since the aid was promised only in return for North Korea's fulfillment of its side? --Uncle Ed 14:30 Feb 25, 2003 (UTC)

-

Of course. This is politics, and neither US nor NK would want to lose their face by yielding too easily. However, as far as we know, NK did freeze its nuclear program in accordance with the treaty for a number of years, probably at least until 1996 when the suspect underground work began at at Mount Kumchangni, and they obviously expected a much more rapid implementation of the points the US considered minor in the treaty.

The treaty did not dictate the chronological order of events, so it is understandable that its execution would lock up at some point.

The rest of the paragraph was intended for balance, but might be a bit weak: "U.S. has repeatedly stated that further implementation would be stalled as long as suspicions remained that the North Korean nuclear weapons research program continued covertly."

There's a very good 14 page condensed history of the treaty, its implementation and effects until 2002 in Chapter 14 of Deadly Arsenals, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (2002). Good material too flesh out the page with. --Jarl

.

1994 Geneva accord, 2000 joint communique questions (2 questions):

sorry, i'm not a historian, just a translator working on a korean to english translation of a short paper on this issue. i think maybe the south korean view of what the landmark dates are, as well as conceptualization of different terms are a little different, so i had a few questions.

-does anyone know if the "1994 geneva accord" is the same thing as the 1994 US-NK nuclear pact (the former sounds like it has the stamp of international community support toward conciliation whereas the latter sounds like the pact was the product of purely bilateral, US & NK effort)?

-also, the paper i'm translating to english mentions an October 2000 (US, NK) Joint Communique (spelling? remember, i'm working from korean and don't have the original english terms) as an important development that ended up being shoved to the wayside with change of presidential administration in the US. but this doesn't seem to be mentioned in other english-language websites.

-if anyone knows what it is or how it should be translated into English, pls post something! thanks!

-oops, me (translator) again. i just found some web resources on the oct 12 2000 joint communique. it's significance was that it calls for "permanent peace arrangements" to replace the 1953 armistice so south koreans viewed it as an important development.

url for that article (including full text of communique) is as follows:

http://usembassy-australia.state.gov/hyper/2000/1012/epf407.htm

thanks.

Renaming article
I think this article should be renamed, as Agreed Framework is very generic. The official title of the agreement is:
 * Agreed Framework between the United States of America and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea

so I would suggest "U.S.-North Korea Agreed Framework" which is a reasonable contraction of that title. There is already a redirect page to here called 1994 U.S.-North Korea nuclear pact, which is a pretty good title for the subject, but a bit U.S. POV. I suspect the North Korean POV is that it as much to do with electricity production and normalization of political and economic relations. Any objections to such a renaming? -- Rwendland 17:54, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Sections
I've slowly been adding material to this article. Yes, I know it's now a bit unwieldy. I'll have a go at splitting it into sections when I have some spare time. -- Rwendland 17:50, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

TODO list
I think this article is in pretty good shape, but before I forget here are some things that could possibly be done/researched&added. Please add/modify list if you have anything more. Rwendland 13:45, 5 April 2007 (UTC)
 * change sources to ref/cite style
 * from background reading it seems from 1994-1997 or so U.S. was very keen to access nuclear waste to assess amount/timing of plutonium production, which U.S. saw as crucial information
 * about 1997-1999 DPRK launched missiles, and U.S. held practice nuclear bombing raids on NK, and a deal regarding missile launches was cut, in response to lack of implementation progress
 * it seems the parties had a notion (or different notions) on an order of sequencing of actions under the agreement - find sources for this if possible; probable cause of slow implementation progress
 * some more on the uranium enrichment issue, which finally finished of the framework; good pointers in this armscontrolwonk thread, especially the final comment by Peter Hayes of Nautilus

NB A very good source, or at least pointers to other sources, is this PhD thesis: Tan, Er-win, A Comparison of offensive realist, defensive realist, and constructivist perspectives on the US-North Korean Security Dilemma 1992-2001, 2008. Rwendland (talk) 10:35, 17 September 2010 (UTC)

NPOV
This article clearly sided with North Korea, highlighting the American failures to comply with the agreement, but none of the Korean violations. Lizrael (talk) 07:43, 22 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Hi Lizrael, could you list the Korean violations you think should be covered. Everything stated in the article is heavily sourced, so I don't think the existing content is NPOV. I would agree exploring the reasons for slow implementation from 1994 to 1999 would be useful, it is just a case of someone serious getting down to do the required research - when I was looking a two years ago, I didn't find good sources for this period. Rwendland (talk) 10:08, 22 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Looking at this for the first time with a critical eye, I agree that the facts are presented in a one-sided way. I don't know the early history, when I believe most of the problems were on the U.S. side and were the result of the change in Congress, which refused to fund certain U.S. commitments. However, the USG got others to step in so that KEDO was meeting the commitments, albeit with occasional delays in fuel shipments and general slowness in the LWR construction project. Some of what's missing is North Korea's repeated refusal to allow the IAEA to verify "correctness and completeness," which was an essential precondition for the transfer of key reactor components. As a result, North Korea never came into compliance with its safeguards agreement with the IAEA. North Korea also dragged its feet on canning the spent fuel at Yongbyon. Most of the pre-2002 history was of delays on both sides without any fundamental violations by either. I don't have sources for this.

 * The pattern changed in late 2002 with a string of escalating tit-for-tat responses. Among the North Korean actions that are not mentioned are that North Korea kicked out IAEA inspectors and disabled IAEA equipment before announcing its withdrawal from the NPT. The series of IAEA resolutions - the request to reconsider, the ultimatum and the non-compliance finding - should be mentioned. North Korea also claimed that it was simply ending the suspension of its previously announced (1994) NPT withdrawal, restarting the 90-day clock on day 89. No one else accepted this legal claim. Much of this can be found on the IAEA web site. NPguy (talk) 15:05, 22 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Even when the PWR project was abandoned in 2003, it was only at the initial concrete pouring stage on PWR1, so nowhere near "transfer of key reactor components" requiring DPRK to come into full compliance with its safeguards agreement. ("first concrete for the foundations of the main power plant buildings" - August 7, 2002.) I think the interesting period was 1995 to 1999; it would be good to understand how both sides understood the sequencing - plainly something went badly wrong there. By 2000 lack of progress had seriously damaged credibility. A useful lesson perhaps for the current six-party talks implementation! I don't have proper sources, but I don't think financing the PWR was sorted until about 1998/9, and I suspect the earlier DPRK view was that they had to be hard-nosed to get this funding in place. Rwendland (talk) 17:08, 22 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Looks like the loans to build the LWRs weren't actually finalised until January 2000, according to the 2001 KEDO accounts. Later than my 1998/9 guess. It is hardly a surprise that DPRK were annoyed by this, when the original deal had 2003 as target for LWR completion. (Loan Facility A: $45,000,000 (1998), Loan Facility B: 3.542 trillion Won (December 15 1999), Loan Facility C: 116.5 billion Yen (January 31 2000)) Rwendland (talk) 00:45, 25 February 2008 (UTC)

Verification
I don't know much about using Wikipedia but I know that the Director General of the IAEA Mohamed ElBaradei claimed that the Agreed Framework failed because "the Agreed Framework, unfortunately, did not insist on prompt, comprehensive verification by the IAEA" (http://www.iaea.org/NewsCenter/Statements/2003/ebWSJ20030522.shtml) This helps solve the question of neutrality because neither side was deliberately responsible for its failure but rather it was the technical failure of the agreement itself that put too much strain on the provisions of the NPT. 27/04/08 IRHistorian (talk) 13:13, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

confidential minutes
Hi NPguy. The info you have added is essentially the same as in the public agreement - see the last bullet item above your change. I was attempting to pick out what was beyond the public part of the agreement, which seemed to be IAEA special inspections - probably of the semi-hidden nuclear waste areas, though that was not made clear in the source. It seems to me your change has removed the info about this subtle refinement in the confidential minutes and restated the public agreement. Do you agree? (NB I was rather expecting the confidential minutes to include something of more significance than this small refinement, my guess was some limit on missile launches and/or more specific sequencing on implementing the parts of the agreement.) Rwendland (talk) 11:22, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

As I read the secondary source, it seemed to be a commentary that comprehensive IAEA safeguards would include special inspections, rather that a claim that the Confidential Minute (which I believe should be singular) referred to special inspections. If you want to add a parenthetical (which would include special inspections). Have you checked whether the confidential minute has been declassified? I seem to recall there was a FOIA request. NPguy (talk) 03:28, 7 March 2009 (UTC)

New shorter name
I agree the old name was too long. This article has had many names over its life! I'd suggest we go back to the older U.S.-North Korea Agreed Framework, which has some academic use eg and, rather than coin another name. Views? Rwendland (talk) 09:47, 10 April 2010 (UTC)
 * I would prefer a name that begins with the words "Agreed Framework," e.g. "Agreed Framework between the United States and North Korea." NPguy (talk) 17:29, 10 April 2010 (UTC)

Move (formal request)

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Move to Agreed Framework - There are no other existing articles with this title, therefore the disambiguation is unnecessary. Neelix (talk) 19:00, 19 July 2011 (UTC)

Agreed Framework (1994) → Agreed Framework – Relisted. Vegaswikian (talk) 06:00, 28 June 2011 (UTC) There is no other treaty known as "Agreed Framework" (only two more "framework agreements"). It has been argued before that "Agreed Framework is very generic". So, WP:PRECISE nonwithstanding, this request may not be totaly uncontroversial. ospalh (talk) 08:11, 21 June 2011 (UTC) (edited for spelling 08:59, 21 June 2011 (UTC))
 * Oppose per very generic. 65.94.47.63 (talk) 05:52, 22 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose. It may be unfortunate that the Agreed Framework has a generic sounding name, but that is its name. NPguy (talk) 01:08, 29 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Support. Parentheses in a title disambiguate between similarly-titled articles that exist. A disambiguation hatnote can handle people looking for framework agreements. Quigley (talk) 04:58, 30 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Support. As I wrote above, I prefer U.S.-North Korea Agreed Framework which has some academic use when outside a North Korea context eg, , . But given that has little support, I would prefer the non-disambiguated Agreed Framework. Though I do not feel strongly about this. Rwendland (talk) 19:41, 30 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Support - Unnecessary disambiguation. Marcus   Qwertyus  11:08, 19 July 2011 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Comparison to Iran nuclear deal framework? Criticism around it over time?
(as usual, just dumping work on other people here :-p)88.159.79.223 (talk) 23:15, 13 August 2015 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Agreed Framework


text:
USS Boston

USS Boston may refer to:

 * USS Boston (1776), was a gundalow launched in 1776 and burned to avoid capture by the British on 13 October 1776
 * USS Boston (1777), was a 24-gun frigate, commissioned in 1777 and captured by the British in 1780
 * USS Boston (1799), was a 28-gun frigate lost during the War of 1812
 * USS Boston (1825), was an 18-gun sloop of war commissioned in 1826 and wrecked in the Bahamas in 1846
 * USS Boston (1884), was a protected cruiser commissioned in 1887 and took part in the Spanish–American War
 * USS Boston (CA-69), was a heavy cruiser commissioned 1943 and active in both World War II and the Korean War
 * USS Boston (SSN-703), was a Los Angeles-class nuclear attack submarine decommissioned in 1999

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: USS Boston


text:
The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola

The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola (Die Ehre deß Hertzogthums Crain, Slava vojvodine Kranjske) is an encyclopedia published in Nuremberg in 1689 by the polymath Johann Weikhard von Valvasor. It is the most important work on his homeland, the Duchy of Carniola, the present-day central part of Slovenia.

Content
Written in New High German, the anthology was published in four volumes, subdivided into 15 books with 3,552 large-format pages and 24 annexes. It was lavishly illustrated with 528 copperplate engravings. The work refers to history, geography, topography, medicine, biology, geology, theology, customs and folklore of the Carniolan region that makes up a large part of present-day Slovenia. Valvasor could rely on older accounts, nevertheless the meticulously researched and scientifically sound collection was pioneering at that time. From 2009 until 2012, it was translated into Slovene by Doris, Primož and Božidar Debenjak. The initiator, project manager, editor and technical editor of this publishing project was Tomaž Čeč.

Valvasor was the first to write about the olm. He intended to write a kind of travelogue than a dictionary and therefore the entries are not arranged in alphabetical order. The author also sprinkles anecdotes, fairytales and poems to diversify the composition. Concerned that outsiders did not know his region well enough, he undertook the presentation of Carniola in words and pictures, installing a copperplate workshop at his Bogenšperk Castle near Litija and publishing collections of his work.

title: The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject German districts/Maptemplates

MAP TEMPLATES

If you need a map for the WikiProject German districts, you should use one of these templates. We still have to decide the colour of the district to be highlighted. Please refer to the talk page.

Working on the maps:

 * 1) Highlight the district in the colour #A86C00 (RGB 168,108,0)
 * 2) Scale the map down by 70%
 * 3) The file name shall be "(state)_(car abbreviation).png", e.g. thueringen_abg.png
 * 4) Upload and include the map

Nordrhein-Westfalen / North Rhine-Westphalia

Alternativ version (vector graphics, better quality, simple editing):

Note: this old version is corrupted. It doesn't display the adminiatrative border correctly in Cologne/Düsseldorf area:


text:
The 11 O'Clock Show

The 11 O'Clock Show was a satirical late-night British television comedy series on Channel 4 which featured topical sketches and commentary on news items. It ran between 30 September 1998 and 8 December 2000, most notably hosted by Iain Lee and Daisy Donovan. The show boosted the careers of the previously little-known Ricky Gervais, Sacha Baron Cohen (in character as Ali G), Jimmy Carr, and Mackenzie Crook.

Hosts and presenters
The 11 O'Clock Show underwent a number of line-up changes during its run. There are numerous cases of external-segment reporters becoming studio hosts, and vice versa. Notable presenters and cast members included:

 * Iain Lee
 * Daisy Donovan
 * Mackenzie Crook
 * Paul Garner
 * Sacha Baron Cohen (in character as Ali G)
 * Ricky Gervais
 * Fred MacAulay
 * Brendon Burns
 * Sarah Alexander
 * Jon Holmes
 * Rich Hall
 * Alex Lowe
 * Will Smith
 * Tommy Vance
 * Ricky Grover
 * Danny Bhoy
 * Marc Wootton
 * Jason Priestley
 * Jimmy Carr

Controversy
In January 2000, the show came under criticism from the Broadcasting Standards Commission following viewer complaints about comments made on the show about recently-deceased TV presenter Jill Dando, Bobby Willis (the husband of entertainer Cilla Black) and golfer Payne Stewart.

title: The 11 O'Clock Show


text:
RI:SE

RI:SE is a breakfast television show made by Princess Productions in collaboration with BSkyB for Channel 4 in the United Kingdom. It was scheduled to replace The Big Breakfast after declining ratings. It launched on 29 April 2002. The programme was broadcast between 06:55 and 09:00 in the morning - nationally in the UK. It ended on 19 December 2003.

History
Original presenters included Mark Durden-Smith, Colin Murray, Kirsty Gallacher, Edith Bowman, Tom Binns, Chris Rogers, Liz Bonnin and Henry Bonsu.

The show launched on 29 April 2002 with the voiceover guy commenting now on 4 a brand new way to wake up on Channel 4. There were no titles, just music in a high-tech studio with large video screens and a devoted news wall. The presenter Chris Rogers presented the top 6 stories before handing over to Kirsty Gallacher for the sport.

A pilot episode was filmed in real time with Chris Moyles. During one of the commercial breaks Chris was asked by a woman from the production company what he thought of the show and he said that it was "just a bit boring" but understood it is what the production company wanted for the show

Its viewing figures did not meet initial expectations, and a variety of format changes were made to try to boost ratings. The programme began to model itself after The Big Breakfast, with the presenters sitting as a couple in front of French windows, games, competitions, crew involvement and outside broadcasts with the likes of Mel Giedroyc and Sue Perkins drafted in. This was despite ratings increasing during its coverage of Big Brother 3 where over 500,000 tuned in.

Its first run underwent many presenting changes and producer departures as there was little interest in the show. Fans of The Big Breakfast who had reignited their interest in the show in 2002 when it returned to form disliked the new show over its opening comments of there not been any whooping crew members where the previous breakfast incumbent seemed to thrive upon.

Many criticised the show for its lack of titles, over reliance on a news ticker and six pack of news and unfunny features like search for a nobody, strap me down and lip service. The show was trounced in the ratings by GMTV. Sebastian Scott the executive producer who was present in the launch said that the expectation was for viewers to not watch it at length but to watch it in small increments. Various presenter changes occurred where it was announced that Mark Durden Smith, Colin Murray, Liz Bonnin, Chris Rogers and Kirsty Gallacher would leave.

This happened in various stages throughout the latter part of 2002. The final episode of the year saw a reworking of Shakin Stevens Merry Christmas Everyone with Girls Aloud and Popstars The Rivals competitors and celebrities singing on the video. The famous blinking clock effect accompanied by a snowflake and a Christmas theme.

The show’s music changed on 1 October with the clock changing from white to yellow and the music soundtrack sounding more enlivened and more uplifting.

Relaunch
The show was relaunched on 20 January 2003 with presenters Iain Lee and Edith Bowman. Mel and Sue took over the final half-hour from 8:30. Bowman was later replaced by 2002 Big Brother winner, Kate Lawler. Zora Suleman provided half-hourly news updates. Dougie Anderson was a stand-in presenter and also often reported from a record shop near the studio, as well as helping with the daily television review.

During the Iraq War the show was shortened to allow for Channel 4 News coverage to be shown. In the Summer of 2003, Mel and Sue left RI:SE and the show was solely presented by Iain, Kate and Dougie.

RI:SE gave extensive coverage to reality TV formats including Big Brother, Pop Idol and The Salon. In Summer 2003, RI:SE launched a contest for a member of the public to become the "reality correspondent", a competition won by "Kitty", who remained with the show until the final episode.

Big Brother monitor "James" joined Iain Lee and Kate Lawler, after winning a competition to give updates on events in the house and conducting live interviews with the latest evictees. One episode featured PJ who joined Iain and Kate after the first housemate - Anouska - was evicted from the Big Brother 4 house. James also accompanied Kitty on the final show.

Production
Originally broadcast from Sky's campus in Isleworth, RI:SE moved to Whiteley's Shopping Centre in Bayswater, west London as part of the January 2003 relaunch - the more central location was intended to make it easier to book guests.

Controversy
The Independent Television Commission condemned the show for an episode aired in December 2002 in which satirical jokes were made about Jesus Christ.

Cancellation
On 19 September 2003, the show was axed due to its continuous rating failures.

The last episode was shown on 19 December 2003, and had the most popular guests from the previous months including Jon Tickle and Shaun Dooley. The show ended with a giant 'pile on' which had been organised by Iain and Kate during the weeks before the last episode. Despite a small fan base and a loyal number of viewers tuning in, Channel 4 did not feel it was viable to continue. In its run the show featured the entertainment report, Textocution where viewers could vote off a person they hated with the remaining participant winning a holiday. This was along with the paper review and text to win where a true or false question was posed.

Since then, the show's morning slot has been taken up by reruns of sitcoms such as Friends, Everybody Loves Raymond and Frasier. In January 2006, Channel 4 launched a new live show since RI:SE, called Morning Glory, which was presented by Dermot O'Leary. It broadcast between 08:30 and 09:00, Monday to Friday morning for a three-week spell during Channel 4's 2006 run of Celebrity Big Brother 4, but was not renewed due to poor viewing figures. From 2006, Freshly Squeezed, a music show was broadcast between 07:00 and 07:30 in the morning.

The Bayswater studio - owned by Princess Productions - was later used to broadcast The Wright Stuff on Channel 5.

In a December 2019 Twitch broadcast, former presenter Iain Lee noted that on one occasion the show recorded 0 viewers.

title: RI:SE


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Paul McCartney and Wings

Paul McCartney and Wings, often billed simply as Wings, were an English-American rock band formed in 1971 in London by former Beatles songwriter, bassist, guitarist; and singer Paul McCartney; his wife Linda McCartney on keyboards; session drummer Denny Seiwell; and former Moody Blues guitarist Denny Laine. They were noted for their commercial successes, musical eclecticism, and frequent personnel changes. They went through three lead guitarists and four drummers. The core trio of the McCartneys and Laine, however, remained intact throughout the group's existence.

Created following the McCartneys' 1971 album Ram, the band's first two albums, Wild Life (1971) and Red Rose Speedway (1973) (the latter featuring guitarist Henry McCullough), were viewed as artistic disappointments beside Paul's work with the Beatles. After the release of the title track of the James Bond film Live and Let Die, McCullough and Seiwell resigned from the band. The McCartneys and Laine then released 1973's Band on the Run, a commercial and critical success that spawned two top-ten singles in "Jet" and the title track. Following that album, the band recruited guitarist Jimmy McCulloch and drummer Geoff Britton, only for Britton to quit shortly afterward and be replaced by Joe English. With the new line-up, Wings released 1975's Venus and Mars, which included the US number one single "Listen to What the Man Said", and undertook a highly successful world tour over 1975–76. Intended as more of a group effort, Wings at the Speed of Sound (1976) was issued midway through the tour and featured the hit singles "Silly Love Songs" and "Let 'Em In".

In 1977, the band earned their only UK number one single, with "Mull of Kintyre", which became one of the best-selling singles in history. Wings experienced another line-up shuffle, however, with both McCulloch and English departing before the release of the group's 1978 album London Town. The McCartneys and Laine again added new members, recruiting guitarist Laurence Juber and drummer Steve Holley. The resulting album, Back to the Egg, was a relative flop, with its singles under-performing and the critical reception negative. During the supporting tour, Paul was arrested in Japan for cannabis possession, putting the band on hold. Despite a final US number one with a live-recorded version of "Coming Up" (1980), Wings discontinued in 1981 after Laine departed from the band. In total, the band had six number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100.

Origins
After the Beatles' break-up in 1970, McCartney recorded two solo albums: McCartney (1970), credited to himself, and Ram (1971), with his wife, Linda McCartney. He had insisted from the beginning of their marriage that Linda should be involved in his musical projects, notwithstanding her lack of previous experience as a musician, so that they did not have to be apart when he was on tour. Ram was recorded in New York City, where McCartney auditioned a number of drummers and guitarists, selecting Seiwell and guitarist David Spinozza. When Spinozza became unavailable because of other session commitments, Hugh McCracken was enlisted to take his place.

1971–1973: First line-up
After the release of Ram, McCartney decided to form a new group and asked Seiwell and McCracken to join. Seiwell accepted, but McCracken declined, so McCartney invited Denny Laine, whom he had known since the early 1960s, to join. Laine, who was working on a solo album at the time, got a phone call from McCartney enquiring if he would like to work with him, as McCartney said: "I'd known him in the past and I just rang him and asked him, 'What are you doing?' He said, 'Nothing', so I said, 'Right. Come on then!'" Laine then dropped plans for his album there and then. As he had in the Beatles, McCartney would serve as the chief bassist and lead singer for Wings and he doubled on guitar, keyboards, drums and assorted instruments at various times. When asked why he stayed on bass guitar rather than change back to guitar after the Beatles disbanded, he has explained that by then, he was "a bass player pretty much, who also happened to play guitar" and also considers himself a bassist who happens to play piano.

In August 1971, Seiwell and Laine joined Paul and Linda McCartney to record Paul's third post-Beatles album for Apple Records. The result was Wild Life, released 7 December. It was the first project to credit Wings as the artist. The band name is said to have come to McCartney as he was praying in the hospital while Linda was giving birth to their second child together, Stella, on 13 September 1971. Paul McCartney recalled in the film Wingspan that the birth of Stella was "a bit of a drama"; there were complications at the birth and that both Linda and the baby almost died. He was praying fervently and the image of wings came to his mind. He decided to name his new band "Wings."

In an attempt to capture the spontaneity of live performances, five of Wild Life's eight songs were first takes by the band. The album included a cover of Mickey & Sylvia's "Love Is Strange". Like Ram, Wild Life left music critics cold, a response that typified the anti-McCartney sentiments that prevailed among the music press following the Beatles' break-up. In their 1975 book The Beatles: An Illustrated Record, Roy Carr and Tony Tyler called Wild Life "rushed, defensive, badly timed, and over-publicized", and wrote that it showed McCartney's songwriting "at an absolute nadir just when he needed a little respect". Wings similarly struggled to gain artistic credibility, particularly during the early 1970s, with critics, fans and McCartney's musical peers alike ridiculing the inclusion of Linda as a keyboard player and backing vocalist.

On 24 January 1972, McCartney added to the Wings line-up guitarist Henry McCullough, after he had tried out for the band. The new line-up immediately mounted an impromptu tour of UK universities (with the group driving around in a van), followed by a tour of small European venues. Although this was the first tour including an ex-Beatle after the Beatles broke up, Wings played no Beatles numbers during the tour, to show that it was a new band in its own right.

In February 1972, Wings released a single called "Give Ireland Back to the Irish", a response to the events of Bloody Sunday. The song was banned by the BBC for its anti-Unionist political stance. Despite limited airplay, it reached number 16 in the UK, as well as number 1 in both the Republic of Ireland and Spain. Wings released a children's song, "Mary Had a Little Lamb", as its next single, which reached the top 10 in the UK. Although some critics interpreted it as a sarcastic reaction to the ban on "Give Ireland Back to the Irish", it was in fact a serious effort by McCartney to record a song for children. Wings followed it with December 1972's "Hi, Hi, Hi", which was again banned by the BBC, this time for its alleged drug and sexual references. The B-side, "C Moon", was played instead. The single peaked at number 5 in the UK.

The band were renamed "Paul McCartney and Wings" for the 1973 album Red Rose Speedway (and for the follow-up Band on the Run), which yielded their first US number 1 hit, "My Love". The album included two tracks left over from the Ram sessions and was originally intended as a two-record set. After producer Glyn Johns had walked out on the project, however, McCartney conceded to EMI's opinion that the material was "substandard" and cut it down to a single disc. Among the unreleased songs from the seven-month sessions was the Linda composition "Seaside Woman", which was finally issued in 1977, credited to "Suzy and the Red Stripes".

Near the end of the Red Rose Speedway sessions, in October 1972, Wings recorded the theme song to the James Bond film Live and Let Die, which reunited McCartney with Beatles producer/arranger George Martin. Issued as a non-album single in mid-1973, "Live and Let Die" became a worldwide hit and has remained a highlight of McCartney's post-Wings concert performances (often accompanied by pyrotechnics). That same year, McCartney and Wings filmed a TV special, the critically maligned James Paul McCartney, which featured footage of the group performing in outdoor settings and in front of a studio audience.

After a successful British tour in May–June 1973, Wings went into rehearsals for their next album. McCullough and Seiwell abruptly left the band in August, however, at the end of rehearsals. Both musicians were disenchanted with the group's musical direction and Linda's inclusion; McCullough also objected to McCartney's domineering attitude towards him as a guitar player, while Seiwell had long felt aggrieved at the lack of a formalised financial arrangement and his status as a lowly paid sideman.

With the band reduced to a trio, the McCartneys and Laine cut what turned out to be Wings' most successful album, Band on the Run, at EMI's primitive eight-track recording studio in Lagos, Nigeria. The album went to number 1 in both the US and UK and spawned three hit singles: the rockers "Jet" and "Helen Wheels" (originally included only on the US version of the album) and the title track—a suite of movements recalling side two of Abbey Road. It also included "Let Me Roll It" and "No Words", the first Wings song on which Laine received a co-writing credit beside the McCartneys. Band on the Run enjoyed a highly favourable response from music critics and restored McCartney's tarnished post-Beatles image.

1974–1978: Second line-up
After Band on the Run, Jimmy McCulloch, former lead guitarist in Thunderclap Newman and Stone the Crows, joined the band. The first Wings project with McCulloch was McGear, a 1974 collaboration between Paul and his younger brother Mike McGear, with session musician Gerry Conway playing drums. Warner Bros. Records chose not to play up the "Wings" angle in its marketing for McGear, and the album sold poorly. However, the sessions also generated a single credited to McGear's group the Scaffold, "Liverpool Lou", which became a top-10 hit in the UK. Shortly thereafter, Geoff Britton joined Wings on drums, and the first recording session with this full line-up was held in Nashville, where the band stayed at the farm of songwriter Curly Putman Jr. The trip was immortalised in the 1974 non-album single "Junior's Farm", backed with a straight country track entitled "Sally G", the group's last release on Apple Records. In a rare occurrence for this era, both sides of the single separately reached the Billboard Top 20 in the US.

Wings began recording sessions for their next album in London in November 1974, then moved to New Orleans to complete Venus and Mars (1975), the first release from the group on Capitol Records. The album topped the charts and contained the US number 1 single "Listen to What the Man Said", which also featured Dave Mason, formerly of Traffic, on guitar and Tom Scott on saxophone. When the Venus and Mars recording sessions moved to New Orleans, Britton quit Wings and was replaced by Joe English who won the job at a secret audition before McCartney. In late 1975 Wings embarked on the Wings Over the World tour, following a postponement to allow McCulloch to recuperate from a hand fracture. Starting in Bristol, the tour took them to Australia (November), Europe (March 1976), the US (May/June), and Europe again (September), before ending in a four-night grand finale at London's Wembley Empire Pool. For this tour, added to Wings' stage act was a horn section consisting of Tony Dorsey, Howie Casey, Thaddeus Richard and Steve Howard, on saxes, brass and percussion.

In between sections of the tour, Wings recorded Wings at the Speed of Sound, which was released at the end of March 1976, just prior to the US leg of the world tour. It represented a departure from the previous Wings template in that each of the five members of the band (including English) sang lead on at least one song. However, the two singles, "Silly Love Songs" and "Let 'Em In" (the former a US number one), were both sung by Paul. Four of the album tracks were played in the 1976 portion of the tour, which also included five Beatles songs. One of the Seattle concerts from the American leg of the 1975–76 world tour was filmed and later released as the concert feature Rockshow (1980). The tour's American leg, which also included Madison Square Garden in New York City and Boston Garden in Massachusetts, spawned a triple live album, Wings over America (1976), which became the fifth consecutive Wings album to reach number 1 in the US. From this album came a single release of the live version of "Maybe I'm Amazed" originally from the McCartney album. The single's flipside was "Soily", a previously unreleased rocker that was often used as a closer for the concerts.

After the tour, and following the release of "Maybe I'm Amazed" in early 1977, Wings took a break. Later in the year, the band started recording their next album in the Virgin Islands, but the sessions were interrupted by Linda's pregnancy and then by the departures of both McCulloch and English. McCulloch, who joined Small Faces, died of morphine and alcohol poisoning in 1979. English joined Chuck Leavell's band Sea Level and later founded the Christian-oriented Joe English Band.

Undeterred by their departure, Wings released the already-completed McCartney–Laine ballad "Mull of Kintyre", an ode to the Scottish coastal region where McCartney had made his home in the early 1970s. Its broad appeal was maximised by a pre-Christmas release. It became an international hit, dominating the charts in Britain (where it was Wings' only number 1 single), Australia and many other countries over the Christmas/New Year period. Ultimately, it became the first single to exceed sales of 2 million in the UK, eclipsing the previous all-time best-seller (the Beatles' "She Loves You"), and remains one of the biggest-selling UK singles of all time. However, it was not a success in the US, where the B-side "Girls School" received most of the airplay but barely reached the top 40.

The core trio of Wings then released the album London Town in 1978. Though only the remaining trio are pictured on the sleeve, much of the album included McCulloch and English, having been recorded before their departures. Laine, however, remained and was co-credited on five of the tracks, including the title song. It was a commercial success, although it became the first Wings album since Wild Life not to reach number 1 in the US (peaking at number 2). London Town featured a markedly softer-rock, synth-based sound than previous Wings albums. "With a Little Luck" reached number 1 in the US and number 5 in the UK, but "I've Had Enough" and "London Town" were commercial disappointments in both countries.

1978–1981: Third line-up
Later in 1978, lead guitarist Laurence Juber and drummer Steve Holley joined the band, restoring Wings to touring strength. In 1979, McCartney signed a new record contract, leaving Capitol, the company he had been with in the US and Canada since he was a Beatle, and joining Columbia Records, while remaining with Parlophone in the rest of the world. Influenced by the punk and new wave scenes, Wings abandoned its mellow touch and hired Chris Thomas to help in the production process. The result was a somewhat less polished sound. This new version of Wings released the disco-oriented single "Goodnight Tonight", backed by "Daytime Nighttime Suffering", which reached the top 5 in both the US and UK. However, the subsequent album Back to the Egg was not favourably received by critics and although it went platinum in the US, sales were disappointing in comparison to its immediate predecessors. It contained the Grammy-winning song "Rockestra Theme", the result of an October 1978 superstar session with members of Wings, the Who, Led Zeppelin, and Pink Floyd, among others. Three singles, "Old Siam, Sir" (UK only), "Getting Closer", and "Arrow Through Me" (US only), were culled from the album, but performed poorly on the charts. During much of 1979, Wings were inactive as McCartney worked on a new solo album (McCartney II) without the band.

In November and December 1979, Wings toured the UK, once again adding the horns and brass section consisting of Tony Dorsey, Howie Casey, Thaddeus Richard, and Steve Howard. This tour climaxed with a massive "Rockestra" all-star collection of musicians in London in aid of UNICEF and Kampuchean refugees. Also during this tour, a live version of the McCartney II track "Coming Up" was recorded in Glasgow and became Wings' sixth US number one hit the following year.

Paul McCartney and his family arrived in Japan on 16 January 1980 for the planned eleven-date Wings' concert tour of Japan (due to visit Budokan Hall, Tokyo from 21 to 24 January 1980; Aichi-Ken, Taiiku-Kan, Nagoya on 25–26; Festival Hall, Osaka on 28; Osaka Furitsu-Kan, Osaka on 29; Budokan Hall, Tokyo from 31 January to 2 February 1980). McCartney was arrested immediately upon arriving at New Tokyo Airport for possession of 219 g of marijuana (with an estimated street value of 600,000 yen) hidden in Paul's luggage. The arrest put the tour in jeopardy and Wings' music was immediately banned from all television and radio stations across Japan. Wings' Japanese promoters claimed that almost 100,000 tickets for the concerts had been sold, representing a possible loss of well over 100 million yen. The promoters had no option but to cancel all of the tour dates the day after McCartney's arrest. The other band members of Wings, except Linda, left Japan and returned to England on 21 January 1980. McCartney spent ten days in jail before being (unexpectedly) released without charge on 25 January 1980 and deported. After returning to England, McCartney decided to release his solo album McCartney II and plans for a US tour were subsequently dropped. Meanwhile, Denny Laine released the single "Japanese Tears" and formed the short-lived Denny Laine Band with Steve Holley and released a solo album Japanese Tears that December.

By 1980, McCartney was growing weary of maintaining Wings and his personal and professional aspirations began to diverge from the group. The McCartneys now had three school-age children and had moved out of London to the countryside of East Sussex, desiring that their children have a normal upbringing. Musically, McCartney was dissatisfied by the band's performances during the 1979 UK tour, and when rehearsals for the next album began in October, it was apparent his latest songs were not a good fit for the band. Consequently, he and George Martin, who would be producing the album, decided not to use Wings for recording. Instead, top session musicians and guest artists were brought in to make the best possible album. In November 1980, Holley and Juber were told they would not be needed for the new album and other than sessions in January 1981 to finish work on the Cold Cuts album of previously unreleased tracks, no further activities were scheduled for Wings. Juber has said he could see the "writing on the wall" regarding Wings' future at that point and moved to New York to continue his career there.

Laine stayed on for the Tug of War sessions in Montserrat in February 1981 but his relationship with McCartney had become strained over business and personal matters. Laine had begun to feel that he was not being adequately compensated for his role in Wings, and was particularly bitter that he was employed as a contract writer on "Mull of Kintyre", a song he co-wrote with McCartney. He had been paid a flat fee for his contributions so when the song became a hit, he did not share in the royalties. Laine was also upset with McCartney over his drug arrest in Japan which meant a loss of extra income from the tour as well as putting future tour plans in doubt. Laine's marriage was also troubled, and his wife and the McCartneys did not get along well, adding to his upset with Wings. In April 1981, Laine announced he was leaving Wings, citing the lack of tour plans as the reason. While Laine's departure effectively ended the band, a spokesman for McCartney said that Wings still continued as an active concept. McCartney finally acknowledged the band no longer existed while promoting the release of Tug of War in 1982.

The Country Hams
The Country Hams was a pseudonym used by the group for the release of the single "Walking in the Park with Eloise" in 1974, a song written years before by Paul's father James. Wings (with guest musicians Chet Atkins and Floyd Cramer) recorded it during the sessions for Junior's Farm.

Suzy and the Red Stripes
Suzy and the Red Stripes was a pseudonym used by the group for the release of the Linda McCartney and Wings single "Seaside Woman" in 1977. It was written and sung by Linda McCartney. It was the only release by Wings under that name. Linda said that the "Suzy and the Red Stripes" pseudonym came about because she had been called "Suzi" in Jamaica because of "a fantastic reggae version of 'Suzi Q'", and Red Stripe is Jamaica's leading brand of beer.

Partial reunions
In March 1997, Denny Laine, Laurence Juber and Steve Holley did an impromptu "Wings" reunion at a Beatlefest convention in East Rutherford, New Jersey. This was not a planned event, and no further reunions were intended. However, ten years later, in July 2007, Laine, Juber and Denny Seiwell reunited for one show at a Beatlefest (renamed Fest for Beatles Fans) convention in Las Vegas. Among other songs, they performed "Band on the Run", "Mull of Kintyre" and "Go Now". Laine and Seiwell appeared again at the Fest for Beatles Fans in Secaucus, New Jersey, in March 2010 and were joined by Juber at the Fest in Chicago in August 2010.

Laine, Juber and Seiwell performed together at the Fest for Beatles Fans in Los Angeles, California, in October 2014; the setlist included "Hi, Hi, Hi", "Live and Let Die" and "Rockestra Theme". In August 2017, the trio performed at the festival once again, this time joined by drummer Steve Holley.

Laine, Juber, Seiwell and Holley performed together in January 2018 at Grand Oak Live, a music venue in Upland, California, headlining an event called Imagine Something Yesterday.

Laine, Juber and Holley performed again in March 2019 at the Fest for Beatles Fans in Jersey City, New Jersey performing songs from the band's final album Back to the Egg.

Legacy
Wings had twelve top-10 singles (including one number one) in the UK and fourteen top 10 singles (including six number ones) in the US. All 23 singles released by Wings reached the US top 40, and one two-sided hit, "Junior's Farm"/"Sally G", reached the top 40 with each side. Of the nine albums released by Wings, all went top 10 in either the UK or the US, with five consecutive albums topping the US charts. Paul McCartney was unquestionably Wings' leader and dominant creative force, but Denny Laine, Jimmy McCulloch, and Linda McCartney all contributed a little in songwriting, and Laine, McCulloch, Joe English, and Linda McCartney all performed a few lead vocals.

The success of Wings was a vindication for McCartney. His first few post-Beatles albums were highly criticized and often dismissed by critics as "lightweight" next to the more serious nature of his former bandmates' solo output. But by the mid-1970s, the solo careers of the other three former Beatles were in varying degrees of decline, with John Lennon putting his career on hold in 1975 for the first five years of his son Sean's life. A year later, George Harrison had all but retired from live performances, with his new releases failing to match the success of his initial solo output. Ringo Starr was living in Los Angeles and was writing and recording, but as a solo artist had not been performing onstage other than rare guest appearances. Meanwhile, Wings continued to tour regularly and enjoy much commercial success. According to author Robert Rosen, by 1980, Lennon was envious enough of McCartney's continuing success to make his re-emergence on the music scene.

One of the criticisms of Wings was that the other members were little more than sidemen backing up a solo McCartney. Guitarist Henry McCullough quit the band because he grew tired of being told by McCartney exactly what to play, and said that Wings were never a "real band." On the other hand, other former members of Wings such as Joe English and Laurence Juber have said that they were allowed a degree of creative freedom. In an interview, Juber, Wings' third lead guitarist, said, "I was a sideman, but the job assignment very much included considering myself a part of the band ... In all its incarnations Wings sounded like a band, not like a solo McCartney project and I think that reflects well not only on Paul's ability to share in the creative process, but also on the importance of Denny and Linda's contributions, too. The other players brought their own personalities to the scene."

In addition to its own output, Wings recorded several songs that were released through various outlets both before and after the band's break-up. Denny Laine's 1977 solo album Holly Days was a joint effort by Laine with Paul and Linda McCartney; three songs on Laine's 1980 solo album Japanese Tears were performed by Wings with Laine on lead vocals; Laine also contributed to several songs on Paul McCartney's 1982 and 1983 solo albums Tug of War and Pipes of Peace, respectively. Juber's instrumental "Maisie"—which was backed by members of Wings—appeared on his solo album Standard Time. The McCartneys and Laine contributed backing vocals to George Harrison's 1981 tribute to John Lennon, "All Those Years Ago". Linda McCartney continued to tour and record with her husband up until her death in 1998, after which a compilation of her songs entitled Wide Prairie was released that featured seven Wings songs written or co-written by her. Wings also backed Paul's brother Mike McGear on the McGear album, as well as McGear's band the Scaffold on the single "Liverpool Lou" and its B-side "Ten Years After on Strawberry Jam". Paul McCartney also used three unreleased Wings songs as B-sides of his solo singles several years after Wings' break-up.

Wings' 1977 single "Mull of Kintyre"/"Girls School" is still the biggest-selling non-charity single in the UK (although Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody" sold more, its sales include a reissue in aid of the Terrence Higgins Trust), and it ranked fourth in the official list of all-time best-selling singles in the UK issued in 2002.

In 2001, Wingspan: Hits and History was released, a project spanning an album and a television special retrospective.

Founding member Denny Laine died on 5 December 2023, at the age of 79.

Live in the studio album from 1974, One Hand Clapping, finally saw the release in 2024.

Personnel
During its ten-year lifespan, Wings underwent numerous personnel changes, including twice being reduced to its core McCartney–McCartney–Laine trio.

Members

 * Paul McCartney – lead vocals, bass, guitars, piano, keyboards, drums (1971–1981)
 * Linda McCartney – vocals, keyboards, piano, percussion (1971–1981; died 1998)
 * Denny Laine – vocals, guitars, bass, piano, harmonica (1971–1981; died 2023)
 * Denny Seiwell – drums, percussion, trumpet (1971–1973)
 * Henry McCullough – guitar, drums, backing vocals (1972–1973; died 2016)
 * Jimmy McCulloch – guitar, vocals, bass (1974–1977; died 1979)
 * Geoff Britton – drums, percussion (1974–1975)
 * Joe English – drums, percussion, vocals (1975–1977)
 * Laurence Juber – guitar, backing vocals (1978–1981)
 * Steve Holley – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1978–1981)

Timeline
Line-ups

Discography

 * Wild Life (1971)
 * Red Rose Speedway (1973)
 * Band on the Run (1973)
 * Venus and Mars (1975)
 * Wings at the Speed of Sound (1976)
 * London Town (1978)
 * Back to the Egg (1979)

Collaborations
 * McGear (credited to Mike McGear) (1974)
 * Holly Days (credited to Denny Laine) (1977)

Live
 * Wings over America (1976)
 * Wings over Europe (2018)
 * One Hand Clapping (2024)

Tours
Wings played five concert tours during their ten-year existence:
 * Wings University Tour – 11 shows in the UK, 1972
 * Wings Over Europe Tour – 25 shows, 1972
 * Wings 1973 United Kingdom Tour – 21 shows, 1973
 * Wings Over the World Tour – 66 shows, 1975–1976
 * Wings 1979 United Kingdom Tour – 20 shows, 1979

Awards

 * Music Week Award

 * Yugoton Award

 * Brit Award

 * American Music Award

 * Academy Award

 * Million-Air Award

 * The Guinness Book of Records

 * Q Award

 * RIAA award

 * NME Award

 * Capitol Radio Music Award

 * Daily Mirror Readers Award

 * Ivor Novello Award

 * Juno Award (Canadian music awards) and nominations

 * Grammy Award and nominations

title: Paul McCartney and Wings


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Breakfast television

Breakfast television (Europe, Canada, and Australia) or morning show (United States) is a type of news or infotainment television programme that broadcasts live in the morning (typically scheduled between 5:00 and 10:00a.m., or if it is a local programme, as early as 4:00a.m.). Often presented by a small team of hosts, these programmes are typically marketed towards the combined demography of people getting ready for work and school and stay-at-home adults and parents.

The first – and longest-running – national breakfast/morning show on television is Today, which set the tone for the genre and premiered on 14 January 1952 on NBC in the United States. For the next 70 years, Today was the number one morning program in the ratings for the vast majority of its run and since its start, many other television stations and television networks around the world have followed NBC's lead, copying that program's successful format.

Format and style
Breakfast television/morning show programs are geared toward popular and demographic appeal. The first half of a morning program is typically targeted at workforce with a focus on hard news and feature segments; often featuring updates on major stories that occurred overnight or during the previous day, politics news and interviews, reports on business and sport-related headlines, weather forecasts (either on a national or regional basis), and traffic reporting (generally common with locally produced morning shows on terrestrial television stations serving more densely populated cities, though this has begun to filter down to smaller markets as Intelligent transportation system networks have spread further into smaller communities). Later in the program, segments will typically begin to target a dominantly female demographic with a focus on "infotainment", such as human-interest, lifestyle and entertainment stories. Many local or regional morning shows feature field reports highlighting local events, attractions and/or businesses, in addition to those involving stories that occurred during the overnight or expected to happen in the coming day.

Morning programs that air across national networks may offer a break for local stations or affiliates to air a brief news update segment during the show, which typically consists of a recap of major local news headlines, along with weather and, in some areas, traffic reports. In the United States, some morning shows also allow local affiliates to incorporate a short local forecast into a national weather segment – a list of forecasts for major U.S. cities are typically shown on affiliates which do not produce such a "cut-in" segment.

During the early morning hours (generally before 10:00a.m. local time), local anchors will mention the current time – sometimes, along with the current temperature – in various spots during the newscast, while national anchors of shows covering more than one time zone will mention the current time as "xx" minutes after the hour or before the hour; the time and/or temperature are also usually displayed within the station or programme's digital on-screen graphic during most segments within the broadcast. (Most local stations originally displayed the current time and temperature only during their morning newscasts, though many began to extend this display within their logo bug to their midday and evening newscasts starting in the mid-1990s, starting in major markets and eventually expanding to stations in smaller markets.) Especially with their universal expansion to cable news outlets in the early 2000s, many news-oriented morning shows also incorporate news tickers showing local, national and/or international headlines; weather forecasts; sport scores; and, in some jurisdictions where one operates, lottery numbers from the previous drawing day during the broadcast (although these may be shown during rolling news blocks or throughout the programming day on cable news outlets, some local stations that have utilized tickers solely for their morning shows have extended them to later newscasts, whereas others only display them during their morning news programs).

The three breakfast morning shows in the United States (CBS Mornings, Today, and Good Morning America) air live only in the Eastern Time Zone. (Spanish-language shows air live in the Eastern, Central, and Mountain time zones.) Stations in the remaining time zones receive these programs on a tape delay, with an updated feed broadcast to viewers in the Pacific Time Zone. Occasionally, a morning show may be broadcast nationwide if their staff is handling coverage of breaking news during its broadcast hours, or special live news events (such as British royal weddings).

Network and local programs
The first morning news program was Three To Get Ready, a local production hosted by comedian Ernie Kovacs that aired on WPTZ (now KYW-TV) in Philadelphia from 1950 to 1952. Although the program (named after WPTZ's channel number, 3) was mostly entertainment-oriented, the program did feature some news and weather segments. Its success prompted NBC to look at producing something similar on a national basis. Following the lead of NBC's Today, which debuted in January 1952, and was the first morning news program to be aired nationally, many other broadcast stations and television networks around the world followed and imitated that program's enormously successful format with news, lifestyle features, and personality.

CBS, in contrast, has struggled since television's early age to maintain a long-term morning program. Though it initially tried to mimic Today when it debuted a morning show in a two-hour format in 1954, the show was reduced to one hour within a year in order to make room for the new children's television series Captain Kangaroo. The network abandoned the morning show in 1957. From the late 1960s throughout the 1970s, the CBS Morning News aired as a straight one-hour morning newscast that had a high rate of turnover among its anchors. In January 1979, CBS launched Morning (titled in accordance with the day of the week, such as Monday Morning), which focused more on long-form feature reports. This format, however, was relegated exclusively to Sundays after two years, and still airs under the title CBS News Sunday Morning. It was not until 1982 that Captain Kangaroo ended its run on weekdays (before ending altogether in 1984), allowing CBS to expand its morning show to a full two hours. However, the high rate of turnover among anchors returned. An ill-fated comedic revamp of the show, The Morning Program, debuted in 1987. After that, however, came This Morning, which has so far had the longest run of any of CBS' morning show attempts. This Morning was eventually cancelled 12 years later, being replaced by The Early Show in 1999; The Early Show, in turn, ceded to the new version of CBS This Morning (this time featuring a format focused more on hard news and interviews, excising lifestyle and infotainment segments) in January 2012; CBS This Morning proved to be more successful, but anchor turnover (especially after the removal of Charlie Rose after allegations of workplace sexual harassment) and other factors eroded its audience, resulting in its replacement by CBS Mornings in 2021—a program that carries a skew towards news and lifestyle content similar to its competitors.

ABC was a latecomer to the morning show competition. Instead of carrying a national show, it instead adopted the AM franchise introduced by many of its local stations in 1970. KABC-TV's AM Los Angeles launched the national career of Regis Philbin and was a direct predecessor to his syndicated talk show Live! AM Chicago on WLS-TV would later evolve into The Oprah Winfrey Show. The Morning Exchange on WEWS-TV was Cleveland's entry into the franchise; with its light format, ABC (after a brief but failed effort to launch the Los Angeles version nationally as AM America) launched a national program based closely on the format of The Morning Exchange and Good Day! (From WCVB-TV in Boston) in November 1975 under the title Good Morning America. GMA has traditionally run in second place (ahead of CBS but behind Today), but has surpassed Today in the ratings a few times in its history (first in the early 1980s, then from the late 1980s to the mid 1990s and again regularly since 2012). Since the 1980s, Live! (now hosted by Kelly Ripa and her husband Mark Consuelos) has been produced and distributed by ABC's syndication arm, primarily for ABC stations (although not exclusively, as it is carried on stations affiliated with other networks), but produced by ABC's New York City owned-and-operated station, WABC-TV.

Members of PBS, the United States' main public television network, typically air children's programming from the network's PBS Kids lineup during the morning and daytime hours. Some members may also carry exercise-oriented programs as early-morning programming (such as Lilias, Yoga and You). From 1974 to 1995, Maryland Public Television offered A.M. Weather, a 15-minute weather update staffed by meteorologists from NOAA.

Fox, the last of the "Big Four" broadcast networks, does not have a morning show and has only once attempted such a program; the network attempted to transition sister cable network FX's Breakfast Time to Fox as Fox After Breakfast in 1996, to little success, but instead has ceded to its local affiliates and Fox Television Stations, which have programmed fully local morning news programs that are at parity or have overtaken their Big Three network counterparts.

The CW (and before that, its co-predecessor The WB) carried The Daily Buzz for its The CW Plus (as well as its The WB 100+ Station Group) from 2002 to 2014, in lieu of a national program; that program was also mainly syndicated to affiliates of The CW and MyNetworkTV (and predecessors The WB and UPN) as well as several independent stations until its abrupt cancellation in April 2015. Generally since then, outside of a few select CW and MyNetworkTV affiliates, stations usually program Infomercial, a local extension of a Big Three sister station's morning newscast during national morning shows, or as Sinclair Broadcast Group did from July 2017 until March 2019, returned to programming for children under the KidsClick block. Sinclair intends to program a national morning rolling newscast for those stations by the first quarter of 2021.

A few of the major Spanish language broadcast networks also produce morning shows, which are often focused more towards entertainment and tabloid headlines, interviews, and features, rather than hard news. ¡Despierta América! is the longest-running Spanish language morning program on U.S. network television having aired on Univision since April 1997. Telemundo had made several attempts at hard news and traditional morning shows, including Cada Dia, and Un Nuevo Día, which launched in 2008 under the title ¡Levántate!, and would win the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Morning Program in Spanish in 2015 and 2017. In 2021, Telemundo attempted another relaunch of its morning show, Hoy Dia, which was positioned as a news-centric morning show closer in format to its NBC counterpart Today. However, in 2022, Telemundo used a hiatus for the 2022 FIFA World Cup to move Hoy Dia from its news department to its entertainment division, resulting in a relaunch with an entertainment-oriented format.

Local television stations began producing their own morning shows in the 1970s, most of which mirrored the format of their network counterparts, mixing news and weather segments with talk and lifestyle features; stations in many mid-sized and smaller markets with heavy rural populations also produced farm reports, featuring stories about people and events in rural communities, list of agricultural product exchanges data from the previous day and weather forecasts tailored to farmers (although the number of these programs have dwindled on the local level since the 1990s, three such programs still exist in national syndication, the weekdaily AgDay and the weekend-only U.S. Farm Report and This Week in Agribusiness (the latter of which was founded and remains hosted by former U.S. Farm Report personalities Orion Samuelson and Max Armstrong), which have also received national distribution on cable and satellite via RFD-TV; the latter program had also previously aired on WGN America until 2008).

More traditional local newscasts began taking hold in morning timeslots (mainly on stations that maintain their own news departments) in the late 1980s and early 1990s. These programs began as half-hour or one-hour local newscasts that aired immediately before the national shows. However, since that time, they have slowly expanded, either by pushing an earlier start time or by adding additional hours on other stations that are owned, managed or which outsource their local news content to that station, thereby competing with the network shows. Similarly, following the launch of Fox in the late 1980s, many news-producing stations affiliated with major networks not among the traditional "Big Three television networks" or which operate as independent stations began producing morning newscasts that compete in part with national counterparts in part or the entirety of the 7:00 to 9:00a.m. time period; by the late 2000s, these stations began to expand their morning shows into the 9:00a.m. hour (where they normally compete with syndicated programs on ABC and CBS stations, and the third hour of Today on NBC stations). The expansion of news on Fox affiliates, along with advertising restrictions involving with the Children's Television Act, effectively ended the morning children's television market on broadcast television by the mid-2000s.

Beginning in the early 2010s, stations began experimenting with 4:30a.m. and even 4:00a.m. newscasts in some major markets (and even gradually expanding into mid-size and some smaller markets), pushing local news further into what traditionally is known as an overnight graveyard slot. Some local morning newscasts, which formerly had both softer "morning" musical and graphical packages and lighter news, along with feature segments with local businesses and organizations, now resemble their later-day counterparts with hard news coverage of overnight events.

Some locally produced morning shows that utilize a mainly infotainment format still exist, most prominently among some large and mid-market stations owned by the E. W. Scripps Company (which inherited the Morning Blend format originated in 2006 by the Journal Media Group following its 2015 acquisition of that company's stations) and Tegna Inc. (which inherited many of the local talk/lifestyle shows originated by Belo – such as Good Morning Texas on Dallas ABC affiliate WFAA – prior to the 2014 acquisition of the latter group by the predecessor broadcasting unit of Gannett), and often serving as lead-outs of national network morning shows. These shows are not usually produced by a station's news department, as they are intended as a vehicle for advertorial content that promotes local businesses and events.

Cable television
Cable news outlets have adopted the morning show format as well. Fox & Friends on Fox News follows a similar format to the networks' morning shows, while MSNBC's Way Too Early and Morning Joe follow a pundit-driven format with a larger focus on political analysis and panel discussions. Some morning shows have been television simulcasts of talk radio shows, including Imus in the Morning (which aired on MSNBC until 2007, and subsequently aired on Fox Business and later RFD-TV before being cancelled in 2018), and sports talk programs such as Boomer and Gio and The Dan Patrick Show.

CNN had primarily aired rolling news blocks (Early Edition and CNN Live This Morning) in the morning hours until launching American Morning in 2001—which followed a format focusing upon news and political headlines. In 2011, the program was replaced by Starting Point, which was focused more upon topical discussions. After low ratings, Starting Point was replaced in 2013 by New Day. In 2022, New Day was replaced by CNN This Morning, an attempt by new CNN president Chris Licht to emulate the CBS This Morning and Morning Joe formats he had installed during his tenures at CBS News and MSNBC. It was cancelled in 2024 amid another change in leadership and associated cuts; a block of CNN's daytime program CNN News Central was moved into its timeslot, while the This Morning branding was retained by CNN's weekend morning show, and repurposed by CNN's early-morning program Early Start (which had originally premiered alongside Starting Point).

The Weather Channel originally has long featured forecast programs with a primary emphasis on business travelers and work commuters. America's Morning Headquarters (AMHQ) has served as its main morning show, and was formerly hosted by former Good Morning America weather anchor Sam Champion. With a shift toward a mix of weather and infotainment programs in the late-2000s, TWC premiered Wake Up with Al—an early-morning show hosted by Al Roker of Today—in 2009. The show was cancelled in October 2015, with the timeslot filled by an extension of AMHQ.

Entertainment channels such as VH1 and E! have also aired morning shows (such as Big Morning Buzz Live and That Morning Show, and the 2020 version of E! News). Sports channels sometimes carry morning shows (such as ESPN's Get Up and NFL Network's Good Morning Football), with a focus on news headlines (including highlights of events that occurred the previous day, and previews of events occurring that day) and topical discussions.

United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, breakfast television typically runs from 6:00a.m. to between 9:00a.m. and 10:00a.m.

Television broadcasting hours in the United Kingdom until early 1972 were tightly regulated and controlled by the British government under the control of the Postmaster-General. Restrictions were placed on how many hours per day could be used by broadcasters for television. By the mid-1960s, this was allocated at seven hours per day (Mondays to Fridays) and 7.5 hours per day (Saturdays and Sundays), thus providing a 50-hour broadcasting limit per week. Certain programming was exempt from these restrictions (schools, adult education, religion, sport); however no time was allocated to breakfast television until the early 1970s.

In January 1972, under the then Conservative government, the Minister for Posts and Telecommunications,Christopher Chataway, announced to the British parliament that all such restrictions would be lifted, and daily broadcasting hours could now be set by the individual broadcaster. By October 1972, both BBC and ITV were providing daytime television, with the commercial channel ITV taking full advantage of the relaxed broadcasting hours. However, due to financial issues and the economic problems of the 1970s, breakfast television was not considered until later in the decade.

After a nine-week trial in 1977 on the regional television stations Yorkshire Television and Tyne Tees Television, the Independent Broadcasting Authority considered breakfast television so important that it created an entire franchise for the genre, becoming the only national independent television franchise. At the end of 1980, this franchise was awarded to TV-am. Initially planned for launch in 1982, it was delayed until the start of 1983 so that it didn't take any oxygen from the launch of the UK's fourth channel. This allowed the BBC to launch its own morning programme first on 17th January 1983, Breakfast Time. TV-am, with Good Morning Britain as its flagship programme, launched just over two weeks later. on 1 February. TV-am struggled at first because of a format that was considered to be stodgy and formal compared to the more relaxed magazine style of the BBC's Breakfast Time, and a reliance on advertising income from a timeslot when people were not accustomed to watching television. However, it eventually flourished, only to lose its licence at the end of 1992, after being outbid by GMTV.

Breakfast television appeared on Channel 4 in April 1989 when it launched The Channel 4 Daily, which was conceived as a "newspaper" with a collection of various short-form segments. In 1992, after failing to attract an audience, Channel 4 replaced it with The Big Breakfast — a more informal morning show with a focus on entertainment and comedy, presented from studios constructed in an actual house. The new format proved to be much more successful.

1989 also saw BBC2 also launched a breakfast service in 1989. Its news-based offering was launched to allow the BBC to provide a daily report on events at Westminster and was supplemented by news pages from Ceefax and a simulcast of 15 minutes of BBC Breakfast News.

In 2010, ITV plc, which by then owned 75% of GMTV, acquired the remaining 25% stake that The Walt Disney Company had owned, gaining full control of the station. In September 2010, the full legal name was changed from "GMTV Limited" to "ITV Breakfast Limited", with GMTV closing on 3 September and Daybreak and Lorraine launching on 6 September 2010. ITV had big difficulties with the slot as well; Daybreak was eventually cancelled in 2014 due to low ratings, and was replaced by Good Morning Britain on 28 April 2014. The series continues to trail BBC Breakfast consistently, and has marketed with the traditional Today format mixed with political debates. One of the co-hosts was Piers Morgan, until his departure in 2021, and the programme used his notoriety as a marketing point, to middling success.

There are no breakfast television programmes on local television stations in the UK, although for two years in the late 2000s, now-defunct local channel Channel M broadcast a breakfast programme called Channel M Breakfast.

Since its launch in 2021, news channel GB News has aired a breakfast show called The Great British Breakfast. It was originally anchored by three presenters in the style of Fox & Friends, but soon shifted to two anchors.

List of morning television shows
The following is a country-ordered list of breakfast television and morning show programs, past and present, with indication of a program's producing network or channel:

Global morning newscasts
All Global stations, with the exceptions of Global Okanagan and Global Lethbridge, air their own local morning shows titled Global News Morning. In May 2015, Global made changes to their Morning News programs east of Alberta; instead of the entire show being anchored locally, 16 minutes of each hour is anchored in Toronto for national and international news stories. Each Morning News program starts at 6 a.m. and ends at 9 a.m., with the exception of Global BC, Global Calgary, and Global Edmonton, which start their broadcasts at 5 a.m.. These three stations also air weekend editions of Morning News which start at 7 a.m. and end at 10 a.m. on Saturdays and Sundays. In 2013, Global Toronto's The Morning Show was extended by half an hour. The additional half-hour is broadcast on every Global station at 9 a.m..

Current
Several regional morning shows also exist on Chilean television.

Indonesia
Most of these programs are the morning edition of its respective flagship news program, and hard news in format. Some of them, especially the news-oriented network, has two morning news programmes - while the first are the hard news, the latter are the talk show format.

Current
Locally produced programs featuring a franchise title on affiliates of Fox, the CW, MyNetworkTV, independent stations and associated Big Three television networks (ABC, CBS and NBC):
 * Daybreak - This title is used by WISH-TV in Indianapolis to brand its morning newscasts, and has been branded Daybreak for as long WISH-TV has produced Morning Newscasts, and when they were once affiliated with CBS. Daybreak is also used  by Gray Television's KKCO/KJCT-LP in Grand Junction, Colorado.
 * Good Day – Fox's local morning news show format is used by both stations that are either owned-and-operated or affiliated with the network (i.e., Good Day L.A. in Los Angeles). The program may have a different name in several markets (e.g., Fox 6 WakeUp News on WITI in Milwaukee), but the format is the same from market to market. WAGA-TV adopted the name of their local morning newscast Good Day Atlanta in 1992 while still affiliated with CBS and taking the place of the first incarnation of CBS This Morning.  ABC affiliate WATN-TV in Memphis which was once affiliated with Fox uses the title Good Day Memphis for their morning newscasts.
 * Good Morning [region] – used by local ABC affiliates to complement Good Morning America (e.g., Good Morning Twin Tiers on WENY in Elmira, New York). KTVK which was once an ABC affiliate from 1955 until 1996 and is now an Independent/CBS alternate station; continues to use the title Good Morning Arizona for their morning newscast that runs from 4:30 a.m. until 10:00 a.m. WHBQ-TV, a Fox affiliated station in Memphis but once affiliated with ABC uses the title Good Morning Memphis for their morning newscasts.
 * An earlier variant is A.M. [region] (such as with AM Buffalo on WKBW-TV in Buffalo, New York), which was later adapted by ABC for AM America, a short-lived morning show that aired on the network for eleven months in 1975 before it chose to adapt Cleveland affiliate WEWS' local program The Morning Exchange into the future national format for Good Morning America. The 1980s PBS program A.M. Weather also used the same title form.
 * [Station Calls/Branding] Morning News – The defunct Tribune Broadcasting's local morning news show format usually seen on the company's Fox- and CW-affiliated stations (such as WPIX in New York City, New York; WGN-TV in Chicago; KTLA in Los Angeles; KCPQ in Seattle; and WXIN in Indianapolis), though this format has also been used on Fox and CW stations – as well as a few ABC, CBS and NBC stations – not owned by Tribune (such as the Fox 25 Morning News on KOKH in Oklahoma City) under a more generic title form. Tribune was purchased by Nexstar Media Group in 2019, with WPIX sold to the E. W. Scripps Company at the same time (WITI and KCPQ were sold to Fox Television Stations in March 2020), though no changes are expected to any of those programs or their titling. Scripps sold WPIX to Mission Broadcasting in 2020, which allows Nexstar to operate the station.
 * [Station Calls/Branding] This Morning – used primarily on CBS owned-and-operated stations and affiliates (such as CBS 2 News This Morning on WCBS-TV in New York City). It has been used by CBS stations for their newscasts since prior to the 1999 cancellation of the first incarnation of CBS This Morning; the name and format has also been sporadically used on non-CBS affiliates. Some CBS stations renamed their program to The [Branding/Calls] Early Show to match the national title of CBS's 1999–2012 morning program.
 * A variant of this branding is simply titled Mornings, and has been adopted by CBS as the name of their current Morning program. Currently used by Scripps KNXV-TV (ABC) and sister station KASW (CW) in Phoenix for their respected morning newscast that airs on both stations.
 * Today in [region] or [Branding/calls] Today – used by NBC affiliates to complement Today (such as Today in Central New York on WSTM-TV in Syracuse, New York); Fox affiliate WSVN in Miami brands its morning newscast Today in Florida, that station has used the title since 1988 when it was an NBC affiliate, even after the morning newscast on the market's NBC O&O WTVJ began to use the similar title Today in South Florida. Similarly, sister station WHDH in Boston retained its morning show title Today in New England despite losing their NBC affiliation at the start of 2017; replacement NBC O&O station WBTS-CD uses the title NBC Boston Today.
 * Wake Up – also used primarily on CBS affiliates, often with the city name or local region after it (such as Wake Up Rochester on WROC-TV in Rochester, New York and Wake Up Western Slope on KREX-TV in Grand Junction, Colorado). In the example of WITI's Fox 6 WakeUp News noted above, that station has used the title since 1992 when it was a CBS affiliate, with the program adapting to the Fox local morning format after 1995. Wake Up was briefly used as the main title of the long running Captain Kangaroo children's show (which ran for 29 years on CBS from 1955 until 1984) in 1981.
 * Several stations throughout the United States use their own title forms to reflect their local character; for instance, KLFY-TV in Lafayette, Louisiana titles their morning show as Passe Partout (which has been on the station since 1957) to reflect the area's Cajun/Creole roots.

title: Breakfast television