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Anaphase

Anaphase is the stage of mitosis after the process of metaphase, when replicated chromosomes are split and the newly-copied chromosomes (daughter chromatids) are moved to opposite poles of the cell. Chromosomes also reach their overall maximum condensation in late anaphase, to help chromosome segregation and the re-formation of the nucleus.

Anaphase starts when the anaphase promoting complex marks an inhibitory chaperone called securin for destruction by ubiquitylating it. Securin is a protein which inhibits a protease known as separase. The destruction of securin unleashes separase which then breaks down cohesin, a protein responsible for holding sister chromatids together.

At this point, three subclasses of microtubule unique to mitosis are involved in creating the forces necessary to separate the chromatids: kinetochore microtubules, interpolar microtubules, and astral microtubules.

The centromeres are split, and the sister chromatids are pulled toward the poles by kinetochore microtubules. They take on a V-shape or Y-shape as they are pulled to either pole.

While the chromosomes are drawn to each side of the cell, interpolar microtubules and astral microtubules generate forces that stretch the cell into an oval.

Once anaphase is complete, the cell moves into telophase.

Phases
Anaphase is characterized by two distinct motions. The first of these, anaphase A, moves chromosomes to either pole of a dividing cell (marked by centrosomes, from which mitotic microtubules are generated and organised). The movement for this is primarily generated by the action of kinetochores, and a subclass of microtubule called kinetochore microtubules.

The second motion, anaphase B, involves the separation of these poles from each other. The movement for this is primarily generated by the action of interpolar microtubules and astral microtubules.

Anaphase A
A combination of different forces have been observed acting on chromatids in anaphase A, but the primary force is exerted centrally. Microtubules attach to the midpoint of chromosomes (the centromere) via protein complexes (kinetochores). The attached microtubules depolymerise and shorten, which together with motor proteins creates movement that pulls chromosomes towards centrosomes located at each pole of the cell.

Anaphase B
The second part of anaphase is driven by its own distinct mechanisms. Force is generated by several actions. Interpolar microtubules begin at each centrosome and join at the equator of the dividing cell. They push against one another, causing each centrosome to move further apart. Meanwhile, astral microtubules begin at each centrosome and join with the cell membrane. This allows them to pull each centrosome closer to the cell membrane. Movement created by these microtubules is generated by a combination of microtubule growth or shrinking, and by motor proteins such as dyneins or kinesins.

Relation to the cell cycle
Anaphase accounts for approximately 1% of the cell cycle's duration. It begins with the regulated triggering of the metaphase-to-anaphase transition. Metaphase ends with the destruction of B cyclin. B cyclin is marked with ubiquitin which flags it for destruction by proteasomes, which is required for the function of metaphase cyclin-dependent kinases (M-Cdks). In essence, Activation of the Anaphase-promoting complex (APC) causes the APC to cleave the M-phase cyclin and the inhibitory protein securin which activates the separase protease to cleave the cohesin subunits holding the chromatids together.

title: Anaphase


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Inderøy

Inderøy is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Innherad region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Straumen. Other villages include Framverran, Gangstadhaugen, Hylla, Kjerknesvågen, Kjerringvik, Røra, Sakshaug, Sandvollan, Småland, Trongsundet, Utøy, Vangshylla, and Venneshamn. The municipality is primarily an agricultural community, but also has some industry.

The 366 km2 municipality is the 246th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Inderøy is the 146th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 6,841. The municipality's population density is 19.5 PD/km2 and its population has increased by 2.2% over the previous 10-year period.

General information
Inderøy was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). On 1 January 1907, the municipality was divided into three municipalities: Røra (population: 866) in the southeast, Hustad (population: 732) in the north, and Inderøy (population: 2,976) in the west. During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1962, the three neighboring municipalities of Røra (population: 1,003), Sandvollan (population: 750), and Inderøy (population: 3,194) to form a new, larger municipality of Inderøy. On 1 January 2012, the neighboring municipality of Mosvik was merged into Inderøy. This added about 800 more residents to the municipality, bringing the total population to 6,716 people. On 1 January 2018, the municipality switched from the old Nord-Trøndelag county to the new Trøndelag county.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the Inderøya peninsula (Eynni iðri) since the parish included the whole peninsula. The first element is the definite singular version of the dative case of the word which means "island". The last element is which means "inner". The name therefore meant "the inner island", referring to the peninsula which sticks out into the fjord (to contrast with the neighboring Ytterøya island which means "the outer island"). Historically, the name of the municipality was spelled Inderøen. On 3 November 1917, a royal resolution changed the spelling of the name of the municipality to Inderøy.

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 5 October 1984. The official blazon is "Gules, four flatfishes Or, one over two over one" (I rødt fire opprette gull flyndrer, 1-2-1). This means the arms have a red field (background) and the charge is four European plaice (a type of flat fish) one over two over one. The fish design has a tincture of Or which means it is commonly colored yellow but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. This fish design was chosen to symbolize how this type of fish was once plentiful and was one of the main sources of income for the area until around 1940. The arms were designed by Nils Aas. In 2012, the arms were re-approved after the merger of Inderøy and Mosvik Municipality. The old arms of Inderøy were chosen to continue for the new, larger municipality since fishing is still important to the culture and history of the new municipality. The four fish shown on the arms are now said to represent the four original municipalities that now make up Inderøy: Inderøy, Mosvik, Røra, and Sandvollan.

Churches
The Church of Norway has four parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Inderøy. It is part of the Nord-Innherad prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros.

History
During the Middle Ages Inderøy was called Eynni iðri, meaning the inner island, which is still the meaning of the word Inderøy. Saurshaug (now Sakshaug) was an important political centre until the 20th century. In the Middle Ages it was the centre of the county Øynafylket, also including Beitstad and Verran. The Old Sakshaug Church was opened by Archbishop Eysteinn Erlendsson in 1184 and was the county church. Many of the construction techniques used in the archbishop's cathedral Nidarosdomen in Trondheim were experimented with on Old Sakshaug Church. Also the village of Sandvollan has a church from the Middle Ages, Hustad Church.

During the late Middle Ages and until the breakup of the union between Sweden and Norway Inderøy was the seat of the Governor, Judge, and Tax Collector of Nordre Trondhjems amt, thus it was the county capital of the old Nord-Trøndelag county. The district court for the north central part of Trøndelag county is still named after Inderøy.

The city was first described by a Norwegian poet, Aasmund Olavsson Vinje, in 1860 who depicted its panorama from Rolsbakken.

Government
Inderøy Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Trøndelag District Court and the Frostating Court of Appeal.

The administrative centre of Inderøy is Straumen where most of the commercial services are based. Municipal services are located about 1 km to the north, at Sakshaug. There are several boroughs in Inderøy: Kjerknesvågen, Mosvik, Røra, Sandvollan, Sakshaug, and Utøy. Each has its own primary school and community centre.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Inderøy is made up of 25 representatives that are elected to four-year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Mayors
The mayors (ordfører) of Inderøy:

 * 1838–1843: Lorents Oxaal
 * 1843–1849: Lorents D. Muus
 * 1849–1853: Jørgen Buck
 * 1854–1861: Herman Løchen
 * 1862–1863: Sivert Bragstad
 * 1864–1875: Ole Richter
 * 1876–1885: Peter Hægstad
 * 1886–1889: J.C. Tiller (V)
 * 1890–1891: Ole Braa (V)
 * 1892–1895: J.C. Tiller (V)
 * 1896–1904: Ole Braa (V)
 * 1905–1916: Ole Haugum (V)
 * 1917–1919: Hans Melhus (V)
 * 1920-1922: Ole Haugum (V)
 * 1923–1925: Hans Melhus (Bp)
 * 1926–1927: John Snerting (V)
 * 1927–1929: Hans Hjulstad (Bp)
 * 1930–1931: Olaf Ulstad (Bp)
 * 1932–1934: John Snerting (V)
 * 1935–1937: Olaf Ulstad (Bp)
 * 1938-1938: Hans Hjulstad (Bp)
 * 1938–1945: Anders Haugum V/NS)
 * 1945-1945: Bjarne Lyngstad (V)
 * 1946–1947: Paul Hjulstad (Ap)
 * 1948–1951: Bjarne Lyngstad (V)
 * 1952–1957: Hans Melhus (Bp)
 * 1958–1959: Bjarne Lyngstad (V)
 * 1959-1959: Hans Melhus (Bp)
 * 1960–1961: Trygve Wang (Sp)
 * 1962–1967: Kåre Sjøvold (Ap)
 * 1968–1971: Olav Andreas Moen (Sp)
 * 1972–1975: Kåre Sjøvold (Ap)
 * 1976–1983: Anders Lyngstad (Sp)
 * 1984–1987: Kåre Sjøvold (Ap)
 * 1988–1990: Arild Vist (Ap)
 * 1990–1995: Karin Kjølmoen (Ap)
 * 1995–2003: Ole Tronstad (Sp)
 * 2003–2007: Svein Jørum (Ap)
 * 2007–2011: Ole Tronstad (Sp)
 * 2011–2023: Ida Stuberg (Sp)
 * 2023-present: Unn-Elisabeth Tronstad Kristiansen (Ap)

Economy
Inderøy is primarily an agricultural area. Most of the municipality is cultivated, with grass and grains being the most common crops, but strawberries are also common. Most farmers also have forests. All dominant industry is oriented around agriculture, with factories producing distillery products (Sundnes Brenneri), animal feed, flat bread, jam, and juice (Røra Fabrikker), chickens, and other meat products. In addition there are numerous farms who manufacture their own produce and sell it on the farm.

There are also a number of service institutions in Inderøy, including stores, public services, and schools (including Utøy School). Quite a lot of people work in the neighboring municipalities of Levanger, Steinkjer, and Verdal—Inderøy being a suburb of those.

Geography
Inderøy is located on two peninsulas (Fosen and Inderøya) in the inner sections of the Trondheimsfjord, bordering the municipalities of Indre Fosen, Levanger, Steinkjer, Verdal, and Verran. The Skarnsund strait lies between the Inderøy and Mosvik peninsulas in the center of the municipality, and it connects the main Trondheimsfjord with the inner Beitstadfjord. The lake Meltingvatnet lies along the Leksvik border in southern Inderøy.

Transportation
The Nordland Line runs through Røra, and Røra Station is served hourly or more often by the Trøndelag Commuter Rail. European route E6 also runs through Røra. It connects to Norwegian National Road 755 that runs through Sakshaug and onwards to Utøy and Mosvik. At Straumen, the road crosses the preserved Straumen Bridge and on the Inderøy–Mosvik border where it crosses the Skarnsund Bridge. National Road 761 runs from Sakshaug north through Sandvollan before intersecting with E6 south of Steinkjer. There is a limited bus service provided by TrønderBilene.

Culture
There are a number of cultural activities in Inderøy. The Inderøy Upper Secondary School has a music, dance, and drama line, and the county's music service is also located in Straumen. Quite a number of local activities are oriented around culture, including the annual jazz festival Soddjazz. There is also a gallery, Nils Aas Kunstverksted and numerous small artist workshops. The newspaper Inderøyningen is published in Straumen and covers the municipality.

Attractions
Most tourist attractions are connected to The Golden Detour. Among these are local farms and a distillery that sell locally produced foods and beverages, as well as artist workshops and a fishing centre.

Public Service & public thinking

 * Ole Richter (1829 in Inderøya – 1888), a lawyer, politician, and Prime Minister of Norway from 1884-1888
 * Christian Leden (1882 in Inderøy – 1957), an Arctic explorer, scientist and composer
 * Bjarne Lyngstad (1901 in Inderøy – 1971), a Norwegian politician and Mayor of Inderøy from 1947-1952
 * Albert Lange Fliflet (1908 in Inderøy – 2001), a philologist and translator, translated Kalevala
 * Inger Lise Gjørv (1938–2009), a politician and County Governor of Nord-Trøndelag; lived in Sandvollan
 * Karin Kjølmoen (born 1946 in Steinkjer), a Norwegian politician and Mayor of Inderøy from 1990-1995

The Arts

 * Olaug Løken (1854 at Sundnes – 1925), a Norwegian writer and women's rights activist
 * Håkon Løken (1859 in Inderøy – 1923), a journalist, lawyer, editor, and non-fiction writer
 * Johannes B. Wist (1864 at Sund – 1923), a Norwegian American journalist and author
 * Gudrun Løchen Drewsen (1867 in Inderøy – 1946), an American women's rights activist and painter
 * Nils Aas (1933 in Inderøy – 2004), a Norwegian sculptor and artist
 * Per Egil Hegge (born 1940), a journalist and former editor of Aftenposten; brought up in Inderøy
 * Hanne Aga (1947 in Røra − 2019), a Norwegian poet
 * Jon Øivind Ness (born 1968), a Norwegian contemporary composer
 * Ingrid Bolsø Berdal (born 1980 in Utøy), a Norwegian actress

Sport

 * Ivar Ramstad (1924 in Inderøy – 2009), a Norwegian discus thrower who competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics
 * Lorns Skjemstad (born 1940 in Inderøy), a retired Norwegian cross-country skier who competed in the 1968 Winter Olympics
 * and

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title: Inderøy


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Snåsa

Snåsa (Snåase) is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Innherred region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Snåsa. Other villages include Agle and Jørstad.

Snåsa is one of the last strongholds for the seriously endangered Southern Sami language.

The 2343 km2 municipality is the 23rd largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Snåsa is the 277th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,021 inhabitants. The municipality's population density is 0.9 PD/km2 and its population has decreased by 6.2% over the previous 10-year period.

General information
The parish of Snåsa was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838. On 1 January 1874, the eastern district of Snåsa (population: 1,015) was separated to form a new, separate municipality of Lierne. This left Snåsa with 2,235 residents. Snåsa's boundaries have not changed since then.

On 1 January 2018, the municipality switched from the old Nord-Trøndelag county to the new Trøndelag county.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) was named Snåsa (Snǫs). The name is derived from the word which means "prominent mountain" or "overhanging rock" (possibly referring to the mountain of Bergsåsen, at the inner end of the lake Snåsavatnet). Historically, the name of the municipality was spelled Snaasen. On 3 November 1917, a royal resolution changed the spelling of the name of the municipality to Snaasa. On 21 December 1917, a royal resolution enacted the 1917 Norwegian language reforms. Prior to this change, the name was spelled Snaasa with the digraph "aa", and after this reform, the name was spelled Snåsa, using the letter å instead.

On 24 September 2010, the national government approved a resolution to add a co-equal, official Southern Sami language name for the municipality: Snåase. The spelling of the Sami language name changes depending on how it is used. It is called Snåase when it is spelled alone, but it is Snåasen tjïelte when using the Sami language equivalent to "Snåsa municipality".

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 17 March 1994. The official blazon is "Azure, a lady's-slipper orchid Or." (I blått en gull marisko). This means the arms have a blue field (background) and the charge is a lady's-slipper orchid (Cypripedium calceolus). The lady's-slipper orchid has a tincture of Or which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. The design was chosen to symbolize the prevalence of orchids growing in the municipality. This particular flower is one of at least 15 species of orchids that grow in Snåsa. The arms were designed by Even Jarl Skoglund. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.

Churches
The Church of Norway has one parish (sokn) within the municipality of Snåsa. It is part of the Nord-Innherad prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros.

Geography
Snåsa is located about 180 km northeast of the city of Trondheim, and it borders Sweden to the southeast. Snåsa borders the municipalities of Overhalla, Grong, and Lierne in the north and east, and Steinkjer and Verdal in the west and south. The 6th largest lake in the country, Snåsavatnet, is partly located in the municipality. Other lakes include Andorsjøen, Bangsjøene, Grøningen, Holderen, and Store Øyingen. The Blåfjella–Skjækerfjella National Park covers a lot of the eastern part of the municipality.

Government
Snåsa Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Trøndelag District Court and the Frostating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Snåsa is made up of 17 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Mayors
The mayors (ordfører) of Snåsa:

 * 1837–1839: Jens Rynning
 * 1840–1843: Pål Olsen Gran
 * 1844–1847: Jens Rynning
 * 1848–1851: Bård Larsen Bøgset
 * 1852–1859: Lorentz Peter Elster
 * 1860–1861: Peter Muus
 * 1862–1865: Bertel Gravbrøt
 * 1866–1868: Lorentz Nicolai Bøgset
 * 1868–1871: Thomas Conrad Hirsch
 * 1872–1873: Peter Muus
 * 1874–1875: Butulf Brønstad
 * 1876–1883: Erik Belbo (V)
 * 1884–1887: Gunnerius Larsen (V)
 * 1888–1893: Nils Muus (V)
 * 1894–1898: Ole Eggen (V)
 * 1899–1901: Nils Muus (V)
 * 1902–1907: Ole Eggen (V)
 * 1908–1916: Lorents Seem (Rp)
 * 1917–1919: Johan N. Brede (LL)
 * 1920–1922: Størker Jørstad (V)
 * 1922-1922: Arne H. Five (LL)
 * 1923–1925: Nikolai Kjenstad (Bp)
 * 1926–1928: Arne H. Five (V)
 * 1929–1934: Olaf Eggen (Bp)
 * 1935–1937: Emil Mona (Bp)
 * 1938–1945: Olaf Eggen (Bp/NS))
 * 1945-1945: Emil Mona (Bp)
 * 1945-1945: Peter Finsaas (V)
 * 1946–1947: Jon Viem (Ap)
 * 1948-1948: Peter Finsaas (V)
 * 1948–1951: Johannes Gåsmo (Bp)
 * 1952–1955: Jon Viem (Ap)
 * 1956–1963: Johannes Gåsmo (Sp)
 * 1964–1967: Åsmund Grande (Sp)
 * 1968–1975: Arne Sandnes (Sp)
 * 1976–1987: Fridtjof Jørstad (Sp)
 * 1988–1989: Ludvig Lundheim (V)
 * 1990–1991: Arnold Skjemstad (Ap)
 * 1992–1999: Eystein Bardal (Sp)
 * 1999–2003: Alfred Berget (Ap)
 * 2003-2015: Vigdis Hjulstad Belbo (Sp)
 * 2015-2019: Tone Våg (Ap)
 * 2019–present: Arnt Einar Bardal (Sp)

Transportation
The European route E6 highway runs through the municipality on the north side of the Snåsavatnet lake and the Nordland Line runs along the south side of the lake. The train stops at Jørstad Station and Snåsa Station.

Trivia

 * Inge Altemberg, the leading character in the movie Sweet Land, played by Elizabeth Reaser comes to America just after WWI from Snåsa

Notable people

 * Jens Rynning (1778–1857) a Norwegian priest and public education advocate, spent his working life as a priest in Ringsaker and Snåsa
 * Bernt Julius Muus (1832 in Snåsa – 1900) a Norwegian-American Lutheran minister, helped found St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota
 * Peder Falstad (1894 in Snåsa – 1965) an American ski jumper, competed at the 1932 Winter Olympics
 * Arne Sandnes (1924 in Snåsa – 2016) a politician and Mayor of Snåsa municipal council
 * Joralf Gjerstad (born 1926 in Snåsa – 2021) a self identified psychic and untested faith healer, known as "the man with warm hands"
 * Geir Høgsnes (1950 in Snåsa - 2009) a Norwegian sociologist and academic
 * Jon Åge Tyldum (born 1968 in Snåsa) a former Norwegian biathlete
 * Anders Eide (born 1971 in Snåsa) a Norwegian cross-country skier who competed at the 1998 Winter Olympics

title: Snåsa


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Lierne

Lierne is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Namdalen region, and it is the largest municipality by area in Trøndelag. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Sandvika. Other villages include Inderdal, Mebygda, and Tunnsjø senter. The municipality borders Sweden to the south and east. Most of Lierne lies on the Swedish side of the drainage divide between Norway and Sweden.

The 2962 km2 municipality is the 16th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Lierne is the 311th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,295. The municipality's population density is 0.5 PD/km2 and its population has decreased by 7.6% over the previous 10-year period.

General information
The municipality of Lierne was established on 1 January 1874 when it was separated from the large municipality of Snaasen. Initially, the population of Lierne was 1,015. On 1 July 1915, it was divided into two municipalities: Nordli (population: 863) in the north and Sørli (population: 739) in the south. This division, however, was short-lived. During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964 they were merged back together again under the former name Lierne. After the merger, there were 2,045 residents in the new municipality.

On 1 January 2018, the municipality switched from the old Nord-Trøndelag county to the new Trøndelag county.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old name for the region (Hlíð) which means "mountainside" (similar to the Norwegian word li). Historically, the prefix Finna- was often added to the name: Finnahlíð. This prefix is the plural genitive case of finnr which means "Sami person" (or Finn) because the district historically had a significant sami population. Later, the prefix was dropped and the definite plural form of li was used, Lierne. The li name lives on in many places in the municipality such as Nordli and Sørli.

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 3 February 1984. The official blazon is "Azure, three grouses argent, two over one" (I blått tre stående sølv ryper, to over en). This means the arms have a COLOR field (background) and the charge is three Willow Ptarmigans (Lagopus lagopus), a type of local grouse. The ptarmigan design has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. This design was chosen because these birds are plentiful in the area. Historically, hunting ptarmigan was of great importance for the survival of the inhabitants during the winters. The bird was thus chosen as a symbol for the municipality. The arms were designed by Einar H. Skjervold.

Churches
The Church of Norway has two parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Lierne. It is part of the Namdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros.

Geography
Lierne National Park is located in the municipality, and Blåfjella-Skjækerfjella National Park is partly located in Lierne. Lierne has a significant population of brown bears.

Lierne is also home to many lakes, including Gusvatnet, Havdalsvatnet, Holden, Ingelsvatnet, Kingen, Kvesjøen, Laksjøen, Lenglingen, Limingen, Murusjøen, Rengen, Sandsjøen, Stortissvatnet, Tunnsjøen, and Ulen.

History
Lierne was the largest obstacle in the negotiations before the Stromstad Treaty of 1751 in which the border was defined in detail. Sweden wanted it based on its location on the Eastern side of the drainage divide, although Norway got it based on its connection to the Snaasen parish in Norway, and as compensation Norway gave up its demand for the Idre and Särna parishes which were under Swedish control since 1644. This gave a curve in the border.

Government
Lierne Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Trøndelag District Court and the Frostating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Lierne is made up of 15 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Mayors
The mayors (ordfører) of Lierne:

 * 1964–1965: Ola H. Kveli (V)
 * 1966–1971: Ragnar Harbækvold (Sp)
 * 1972–1975: Leif Sander Aagård (DLF)
 * 1976–1979: Jon Leon Estil (Sp)
 * 1980–1983: Reidar Kveli (Sp)
 * 1984–1987: Jon Leon Estil (Sp)
 * 1988–1991: Bernt Hågensen (Ap)
 * 1991-1991: Gun Kveli (Ap)
 * 1991–2007: Arnodd Lillemark (Sp)
 * 2007–2015: Alf Robert Arvasli (Ap)
 * 2015–2021: Bente Estil (Ap)
 * 2021–2023: Reidar Rødli (Ap)
 * 2023-present: Tor Erling Inderdal (Sp)

Notable people

 * Frode Estil (born 1972 in Lierne) a retired Norwegian cross-country skier; he won two golds and a silver medal at the 2002 Winter Olympics and asilver medal in the 2006 Winter Olympics

Attractions
The cross-country race Flyktningerennet is held here every year. It is a race that follows a route from Nordli to Gäddede in Strömsund Municipality, Sweden, in remembrance of the people who fled Nazi German-occupied Norway for Sweden during the Second World War.

title: Lierne


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Røyrvik

or is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Namdalen region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Røyrvik. The area has always had a strong Sami influence. The village lays relatively close to the border with Sweden and the municipal boundary eastwards forms part of the international border.

The 1585 km2 municipality is the 50th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Røyrvik is the 354th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 429 making it the 3rd smallest municipal population in Norway. The municipality's population density is 0.3 PD/km2 and its population has decreased by 14.7% over the previous 10-year period.

General information
The municipality of Røyrvik was established on 1 July 1923 when it was separated from the municipality of Grong. Initially, the population was 392. The municipal boundaries have not since changed. On 1 January 2018, the municipality switched from the old Nord-Trøndelag county to the new Trøndelag county.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Røyrvik farm (historically: Røirviken) since the first Røyrvik Church was built there (in 1828). The first element is which means "Arctic char". The last element is which means "inlet".

On 13 June 2014, the national government approved a resolution to add a co-equal, official Southern Sami language name for the municipality: Raarvihke. The spelling of the Sami language name changes depending on how it is used. It is called Raarvihke when it is spelled alone, but it is Raarvihken tjïelte when using the Sami language equivalent to "Røyrvik municipality".

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 13 December 1985. The official blazon is "Azure, a cross crosslet argent" (I blått et korset sølv kors). This means the arms have a blue field (background) and the charge is a cross crosslet. The charge has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. This design is a common decoration on the pottery, hand-made articles, and traditional pewter embroidery found in the area. These objects were made by the ancestors of the Southern Sámi people presently living in the area. The crosses are a solar symbol indicating the four points of the compass. The arms were designed by Alfhild Vekterli and reworked by Einar H. Skjervold. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.

Churches
The Church of Norway has one parish (sokn) within the municipality of Røyrvik. It is part of the Namdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros.

Geography
The area is covered with many large lakes such as Limingen, the 9th largest in Norway. Other lakes include Jengelvatnet, Namsvatnet, Ovrejaevrie, Storgollomsvatnet, Tunnsjøen, and Tunnsjøflyan. The river Namsen begins in the lake Namsvatnet.

The mountainous areas also offer plentiful opportunities for outdoor activities. The highest mountain is the 1513 m tall Jetnamsklumpen, located inside Børgefjell National Park.

Government
Røyrvik Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Trøndelag District Court and the Frostating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Røyrvik is made up of 11 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Mayors
The mayors (ordfører) of Røyrvik:

 * 1923–1934: Jens Ingvald Ornæs (V)
 * 1935–1941: Petter Vekterli (KrF)
 * 1942-1945: Harald Kleppestø (NS)
 * 1945–1963: Petter Vekterli (KrF)
 * 1964–1967: Kåre Hunnestad (KrF)
 * 1968–1979: Petter Vekterli (KrF)
 * 1980–1983: Johan Ole Vekterli (Sp)
 * 1984–1985: Inge Staldvik (Ap)
 * 1985–1987: Ragnar Ingulfsvann (Ap)
 * 1988–1995: Magnar Namsvatn (KrF)
 * 1995–2007: Marianne Ornæs (Sp)
 * 2007–2011: Magnar Namsvatn (KrF)
 * 2011–2015: Arnt Mickelsen (Ap)
 * 2015–2023: Hans Oskar Devik (Sp)
 * 2023-present: Kennet Tømmermo Reitan (LL)

Economy
From 1911 until World War I, mining explorations were conducted in the Gjersvik areas. The modern Grong Gruber mines were active in the Joma area from 1972 until 1998. Farming and reindeer husbandry have always been a source of income in the area. The mining buildings now house various small industrial firms.

A few efforts to create new business include electronics assembly and electronic document management. A small alpine ski resort (Skisenteret) was started in 1986.

Notable people

 * Jan Myrheim (born 1948 in Røyrvik) a Norwegian physicist and academic
 * Inge Staldvik (born 1955) a Norwegian politician, Mayor of Røyrvik 1983-1985

title: Røyrvik


text:
Namsskogan

Namsskogan is a municipality in Trøndelag, Norway. Namsskogan is located in the upper part of the long Namdalen valley region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Namsskogan. Other villages in the municipality include Brekkvasselv, Smalåsen, Skorovatn, and Trones.

The village of Namsskogan lies along the river Namsen in the northern part of the municipality. The European route E6 highway runs through the village.

The 1417 km2 municipality is the 64th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Namsskogan is the 344th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 814. The municipality's population density is 0.6 PD/km2 and its population has decreased by 9.8% over the previous 10-year period.

General information
The municipality of Namsskogan was established on 1 July 1923 when it was separated from the large municipality of Grong. Initially, the population of Namsskogan was 469. The municipal boundaries have not changed since. On 1 January 2018, the municipality switched from the old Nord-Trøndelag county to the new Trøndelag county.

Name
The municipality is named Namsskogan, a name which was created in 1923. The first element is Nams- which comes from the name of the river Namsen and the last element is the plural form of skog which means "woods". Therefore, the meaning of the name is "the woodlands around Namsen". The river name has an uncertain origin. The first part of the river name comes from the Old Norse word Nauma) which has an unknown meaning, but it may come from the word naust which means "boat". The second part of the river name -sen (sær) which means "sea".

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 21 December 1984. The official blazon is "Sable, moose antlers Or" (I svart et gull elggevir). This means the arms have a black field (background) and the charge is a set of moose antlers. The antlers have a tincture of Or which means the design is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. The design was chosen to symbolize the heavily forested municipality where one can find many moose. The arms are based on a very large antler, with a rare golden color, which hangs on the municipal hall. The arms were designed by Nora Stommyrbakken and Einar H. Skjervold. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.

Churches
The Church of Norway has one parish (sokn) within the municipality of Namsskogan. It is part of the Namdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros.

Geography
Namsskogan is located in the northeast part of Trøndelag county. It is a heavily forested area with several large lakes including Kalvvatnet, Mellingsvatnet, Storfrøyningen, Storgåsvatnet, and Tunnsjøflyan. The river Namsen runs south through the Namdalen valley. The extreme northeastern part of the municipality is part of Børgefjell National Park.

Climate
Namsskogan, located inland in the upper part of Namdalen valley, has a boreal climate, but with more winter precipitation than in most other boreal climates, so there is often a lot of snow on the ground in winter. The all-time high 34.4 °C is from July 2019. Warmest month on record was July 2014 with monthly mean 19.6 °C, average daily high 27 °C and 8 days with high at or above 30 °C. The all-time low -35.6 °C was recorded January 2010. The coldest month in recent decades was December 2010 with monthly mean -11.1 °C and average daily high -7 °C. The weather station started recording in 1895; there might be colder lows recorded before 2006.

Government
Namsskogan Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Trøndelag District Court and the Frostating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Namskogan is made up of 13 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Politics
In the 2007 municipal elections, Namsskogan had the highest vote for the Socialist Left party in Norway, at 33.6 per cent.

Mayors
The mayors of Namsskogan:

 * 1923–1928: Kristian Trones (LL)
 * 1929–1934: Arne Østgaard (V)
 * 1935–1938: Ole Lindsetmo (V)
 * 1939–1942: Alf Viken (Ap)
 * 1942–1945: Ole Myrvold (NS)
 * 1945–1947: Alf Viken (Ap)
 * 1948–1951: Karl Myrvold (Ap)
 * 1952–1955: Agnar Lindsetmo (V)
 * 1956–1965: Reidar C. Hansen (Ap)
 * 1965–1971: Alv Westin (Ap)
 * 1972–1981: Hans Dahle (Ap)
 * 1982–1983: Arnodd Grøttum (LL)
 * 1984–1991: Sturla Sørgaard (Ap)
 * 1992–1995: Inge Ryan (SV)
 * 1995–1999: Kåre Vik (Sp)
 * 1999–2003: Arnt Torseth (Ap)
 * 2003–2007: Knut Berger (Ap)
 * 2007–2011: Kari Ystgård (SV)
 * 2011–2023: Stian Brekkvassmo (Ap)
 * 2023-present: Elisabeth Vollmo Bjørhusdal (LL)

Notable people

 * Lene Cecilia Sparrok (born 1997), a Norwegian Southern Sámi actress

title: Namsskogan


text:
Grong

(Kråangke) is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Namdalen region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Medjå (sometimes called Grong also). Other villages in the municipality include Bergsmoen, Formofoss, Gartland, and Harran.

The 1136 km2 municipality is the 96th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Grong is the 262nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,296. The municipality's population density is 2.1 PD/km2 and its population has decreased by 6.9% over the previous 10-year period.

General information
Grong was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). On 1 January 1901, the northwestern district of Grong (population: 1,046) was separated to form the new municipality of Høylandet. On 1 January 1923, the large municipality of Grong was divided into four smaller municipalities: Grong (population: 1,272) in the southwest, Harran (population: 630) in the centre, Røyrvik (population: 392) in the northeast, and Namsskogan (population: 469) in the northwest.

During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964, the neighboring municipalities of Harran (population: 1,085) and Grong (population: 1,962) were merged (back together) to form a new municipality called Grong.

On 1 January 2018, the municipality switched from the old Nord-Trøndelag county to the new Trøndelag county.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Grong farm (Granungar) since the first Grong Church was built there. The first element is grǫn which means "spruce". The last element is the plural form of the suffix -ungr which is a common suffix for place names in Norway.

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 6 February 1987. The official blazon is "Argent, three triangles vert in pale" (I sølv tre grønne trekanter, 1-1-1). This means the arms have a field (background) that has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The charge is three green triangles lined up vertically. The green triangles symbolize spruce trees (gran) which dominate almost 40% of the municipal areas. This makes them canting arms since the name of the municipality is supposedly derived from Granungar which means spruce. The number three symbolizes the three main villages in the municipality: Harran, Bergsmoen, and Medjå. The arms were designed by Einar H. Skjervold.

Churches
The Church of Norway has two parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Grong. It is part of the Namdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros.

Geography
Grong is located along the river Namsen in the Namdalen valley. Two major tributaries of the Namsen flow through Grong too: the river Sanddøla and the river Neselva. The Bangsjøene lakes lie at the extreme southern border with Snåsa and Overhalla. The Blåfjella–Skjækerfjella National Park covers a small part of the southeastern part of Grong.

Government
Grong Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Trøndelag District Court and the Frostating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Grong is made up of 17 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Mayors
The mayors (ordfører) of Grong:

 * 1838–1839: Jørgen Darre Strand
 * 1840–1843: Søren Rasmussen Eugenius Sørensen
 * 1844–1847: Peder Jakobsen Almås
 * 1847–1851: Lorents Mediå
 * 1852–1853: Elias Iversen Urstad
 * 1854–1855: Peder Jakobsen Almås
 * 1856–1859: Lorents Mediå
 * 1860–1863: Knut Flått
 * 1864–1867: Lorents Mediå
 * 1868–1871: Hans Fredrik Thoresen
 * 1872–1879: Svend Matthiesen (V)
 * 1880–1883: Knut Flått
 * 1884–1887: Lorents Mørkved (V)
 * 1888–1891: Hans Seem (V)
 * 1892–1907: Svend Matthiesen (V)
 * 1908–1910: Hans Seem (V)
 * 1911–1919: Ole Mørkved (V)
 * 1920–1928: Oluf Moe (V)
 * 1929–1934: Martin Bjerken (V)
 * 1934–1935: John Solli (Ap)
 * 1936–1937: Ole L. Haugen (Ap)
 * 1938–1945: Anders O. Seem (NS)
 * 1945-1945: Iver Tømmerås (Bp)
 * 1945-1945: Johannes Tømmerås (V)
 * 1946–1947: Ole L. Haugen (Ap)
 * 1948–1951: Ivar Moe (Bp)
 * 1952–1955: Håkon Letvik (Ap)
 * 1956–1959: Torfinn Haugum (Bp)
 * 1960–1971: Håkon Letvik (Ap)
 * 1972–1982: Agnar Gartland (Sp)
 * 1982–1983: Oluf Moe (H)
 * 1984–1985: Finn Jørgensen (Ap)
 * 1986–1987: Bo Pettersen (V)
 * 1988–1991: Finn Jørgensen (Ap)
 * 1992–1999: Torbjørn Østerås (Sp)
 * 1999-2003: Helge Formo (Ap)
 * 2003-2011: Erik Seem (Sp)
 * 2011-2019: Skjalg Åkerøy (Ap)
 * 2019–2023: Borgny Grande (Sp)
 * 2023-present: Ann Jeanett Klinkenberg (Ap)

Transportation
The European route E6 highway follows the river Namsen across the municipality, as does the Nordland Line. The two main stations on the Nordland Line are Grong Station in Medjå and Harran Station in Harran. The old Namsos Line railway used to run from Grong to Namsos, but that is now closed.

Notable people

 * Bjarne Fiskum (born 1939 in Harran) a Norwegian violinist, conductor and composer
 * Maja Dunfjeld (born 1947) a South Sami researcher and duodji craftswoman, lives in Harran
 * Ellinor Jåma (born 1979) a Norwegian Sami politician
 * Line Viken (born 1981) & Stian Saugestad (born 1992) Norwegian alpine skiers representing the sports club Grong IL

title: Grong


text:
User talk:Kricxjo

Hello and Welcome! I hope you like the place. --mav

External links don't really need to be at the end of the article if it makes it confusing like it did in the Devanagari article. LittleDan 21:59 1 Jun 2003 (UTC)

Why you want me don't put each interwiki link on a new line ? It's the easiest way to manage them (to copy and paste them with other articles). With a space, it's uneasy to handle. If you think the links take to much space, just put them at the end of the article (perhaps with a comment). Traroth 14:14, 23 Sep 2003 (UTC)

On capital/lower case L in "External links", it's not a big deal, obviously, but see the Manual of Style, where it says "Capitalize the first word and any proper nouns in headlines, but leave the rest lower case." If the majority of articles really do have "Links" with a captial L, then the majority of articles are at fault. There's really no reason to use a "down style" in article titles (as we do), but then capitalise headings within articles. --Camembert

OK, so you don't like the manual of style. That's OK, but it's the only advice we have on questions like capitalisation and so on, and I think it's fair to assume that quite a few people follow the advice there, even if you don't. While you don't have to follow its advice, I don't see the point in actively ignoring it - that's just going to put you in conflict with the people who do take heed of it, and isn't going to result in any sort of consistency - far from it. Capitalising headings within articles makes no sense - we do not capitalise article titles (unless they contain proper nouns, of course), and there's no reason to handle headings within articles any differently. If I really thought that the "vast majority" of articles, as you say, capitalised headings, then I might agree that for the sake of consistency it would be best to go that way - but I simply don't think the "vast majority", or even the majority, do have headings in upper case. By the way - you say the Manual of Style is contradictory - could you point out where, please, and I'll fix it. --Camembert

Sorry, this would appear to be incorrect. It is absolutely inconsequential what the Russians called it (apparently Kiyev) or what Ukranians call it (apparently Kyyiv), as this is the English Wikipedia, and it needs to be listed under the name by which it is known in English. Period. I will be moving it back. - Hephaestos 03:04, 4 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Don't redirect Kiev back to Kyiv again. This is the English Wikipedia, not the Ukrainian one. I don't care what you call it in Ukraine, but this is English. Leave it alone. RickK 03:16, 4 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Jimbo Wales has requested that such discussions remain on the appropriate article Talk pages, not on the mailing list. RickK 03:34, 4 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Unverified images
Hi! Thanks for uploading the following image:

 * Image:Irma_brandeis.jpg

I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GNU Free Documentation License,  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know at my talk page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 22:17, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)

P.S. You can help tag other images at User:Yann/Untagged_Images. Thanks again.

Also

 * Image:Eugenio montale.jpg. – Quadell (talk) (help) 20:27, Jan 19, 2005 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Bill Bryson
You wrote:
 * If there's interest, I can create a section on errors in Bryson's works.

I'm interested. (See my comments at Talk:Bill Bryson). I think he's a sloppy writer and should be known as such. Mind you, I wouldn't be able to help much. I know he couldn't tell a marsupial from a monotreme... --Singkong2005 09:06, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

Move to Kyiv
Hello,

I am trying to change the name of the page Kiev to Kyiv. Looking through the archives, I saw that you had contributed to a similar discussion in the past.

The current discussion is happening at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Kiev/naming

Please let us know what you think.

Thanks,

Horlo 02:40, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Kricxjo! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 3 of the articles that you created  are  Unreferenced Biographies of Living Persons. Please note that all biographies of living persons must be sourced. If you were to add reliable, secondary sources to these articles, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the articles are adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the list:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 19:02, 2 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Warren Defever -
 * 2) Maria Luisa Spaziani -
 * 3) Annalisa Cima -

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 08:52, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kricxjo


text:
Høylandet

Høylandet is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Namdalen region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Høylandet. Other villages include Kongsmoen and Vassbotna.

The 755 km2 municipality is the 150th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Høylandet is the 320th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,216. The municipality's population density is 1.7 PD/km2 and its population has decreased by 3.7% over the previous 10-year period.

General information
The municipality of Høylandet was established on 1 January 1901 when it was separated from the large municipality of Grong. Initially, the population of Høylandet was 1,046. During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964, the Kongsmoen area (population: 221) of eastern Foldereid municipality was merged into Høylandet. On that same date the Galguften and Hauknes areas (population: 15) were transferred from Høylandet to neighboring Overhalla municipality. On 1 January 2018, the municipality switched from the old Nord-Trøndelag county to the new Trøndelag county.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named Høylandet (Høylǫnd). The first element is høy which means "hay". The last element is the plural form of lǫnd which means "land" or "region". Thus it means "the land/region where they grow hay". The name was historically spelled Hølandet or Høilandet.

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 2 January 1990. The official blazon is "Vert, a swan argent rousant, armed sable" (I grønt en oppflygende sølv svane). This means the arms have a green field (background) and the charge is a whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus). The swan has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The swan is also armed, which means the feet and beak are black. This design was chosen to symbolize of the large number of these swans that migrate through the area each year. The arms were designed by Einar H. Skjervold.

Churches
The Church of Norway has one parish (sokn) within the municipality of Høylandet. It is part of the Namdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros.

Geography
There are several large lakes in Høylandet including Almåsgrønningen, Eidsvatnet, Grungstadvatnet, Øyvatnet, and Storgrønningen. The innermost part of the Foldafjord is located in northern Høylandet. Norwegian County Road 17 runs through the municipality from south to north through the central valley.

Government
Høylandet Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Trøndelag District Court and the Frostating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Høylandet is made up of 15 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Mayors
The mayors of Høylandet:

 * 1901–1916: Lorents Mørkved (V)
 * 1917–1922: Alexander Almaas (V)
 * 1923–1925: Ole P. Skarland
 * 1926–1932: Anders L. Mørkved (V)
 * 1933–1934: Knut Mørkved (Bp)
 * 1935–1940: Martin Mørkved (V)
 * 1941–1945: Knut Mørkved (NS)
 * 1945–1963: Martin Mørkved (V)
 * 1964–1983: Gunnleif Elden (Sp)
 * 1984–1991: Ole Flakken (Sp)
 * 1992–1993: Lars Otto Okstad (Sp)
 * 1994–1995: Hildbjørn Brøndbo (Ap)
 * 1995–2011: Lars Otto Okstad (Sp)
 * 2011–2023: Hege Nordheim-Viken (Sp)
 * 2023-present: Ole Joar Flaat (Sp)

Notable people

 * Lorents Mørkved (1844 in Markved – 1924) a farmer and politician, Mayor of Høilandet for 16 years
 * Ivar Aavatsmark (1864 in Høylandet – 1947) a Norwegian officer, politician & Govt. minister
 * Salamon Mørkved (1891 in Høylandet – 1978) a Norwegian forester and politician
 * Ivar Skarland (1899 in Høylandet – 1965) a Norwegian anthropologist
 * Pål Tyldum (1942 -) Norwegian cross country skier

title: Høylandet


text: User:Dgaubin

title: User:Dgaubin


text:
User talk:Dgaubin

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages that you might find helpful: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes ( ~ ); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or ask your question and then place  after the question on your talk page. Again, welcome! BlueValour 20:17, 28 February 2007 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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Hello and Welcome! I hope you like the place. --mav

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When editing an article on Wikipedia there is a small field labeled "Edit summary" under the main edit-box. It looks like this: The text written here will appear on the Recent changes page, in the page revision history, on the diff page, and in the watchlists of users who are watching that article. See m:Help:Edit summary for full information on this feature.

Filling in the edit summary field greatly helps your fellow contributors in understanding what you changed, so please always fill in the edit summary field, especially for big edits or when you are making subtle but important changes, like changing dates or numbers. Thank you. BlueValour 20:17, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dgaubin


text:
Overhalla

Overhalla is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Namdalen region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Ranemsletta (also called Overhalla). Other villages include Melen, Skage, Skogmo, Svalia, and Øysletta.

The population is concentrated in the relatively broad Namsen river valley at the center. Public services, agriculture, and tourism are the main sources of income. Overhallahus (a house building company) and Pharmaq (a fish vaccine factory) are located in the municipality.

The 730 km2 municipality is the 155th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Overhalla is the 207th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 3,873. The municipality's population density is 5.6 PD/km2 and its population has increased by 5% over the previous 10-year period.

General information
The municipality of Overhalla was established on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee, although Overhalla's borders were only slightly modified. On 1 January 1964, the Galguften and Hauknes area (population: 15) of Høylandet (on the southern shore of the lake Eidsvatnet) was transferred to Overhalla.

On 1 January 2018, the municipality switched from the old Nord-Trøndelag county to the new Trøndelag county.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named Overhalla (œfri hálfa), an old name for the area. Historically, the Namdalen district was divided in two parts: "the upper half" and "the lower half". The first element comes from the word which means "upper". The last element derives from the word which means "half". Thus, the name means "the upper half (of Namdalen)". The municipality of Overhalla today is, however, just a fraction of the old part of what was historically considered œfri hálfa. Historically, the name of the municipality was spelled Overhallen. On 3 November 1917, a royal resolution changed the spelling of the name of the municipality to Overhalla.

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 2 June 1989. The official blazon is "Or, sevense crosses gules in annulo" (I gull sju røde kors som danner en sirkel). This means the arms have a field (background) has a tincture of Or which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. The charge is a circular arrangement of seven greek crosses. The design was inspired by a 1344 seal used by local peasants on a document regarding the coronation of King Håkon Magnusson. The seal depicts a building topped with a cross similar to those on the coat of arms and at the local Ranem Church. The arms were designed by Harald Ekseth. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.

Geography
The municipality includes part of the lake Eidsvatnet, from which the river Bjøra flows into the river Namsen, which runs from the east to the west. By the time it reaches the border to Namsos, Namsen is already brackish and influenced by the tides the ocean. The river Nordelva also empties into the estuary here. On the south side of Namsen, there is an area of mountains, including Reinsjøfjell and mountain lakes; the Bangsjøene lakes form the border with Snåsa. The western approaches to Geitfjell lies in Overhalla, while the summit lies in Grong. The southern tip of the lake Storgrønningen lies in Overhalla, while the vast majority of the lake lies in Høylandet.

Government
Overhalla Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Trøndelag District Court and the Frostating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Overhalla is made up of 21 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Mayors
The mayors of Overhalla:

 * 1838–1841: Hans Tetlie
 * 1842–1843: Andreas Samuelsen Vibstad
 * 1844–1845: Halle E. Gansmo
 * 1846–1849: Mathias A. Sellæg
 * 1850-1851: Ove Christian Roll
 * 1851–1853: Mathias A. Sellæg
 * 1854–1855: Johan A. Sellæg
 * 1856–1859: J.G. Steen
 * 1860–1861: Halle E. Tetlie
 * 1862–1869: Andreas Erlandsen
 * 1870–1871: Johannes F. Barlien
 * 1872–1877: Peter N. Solum
 * 1878–1887: Svein G. Tetlie (V)
 * 1888-1889: Ole M. Weglo (V)
 * 1889–1891: Vilhelm Andreas Wexelsen (V)
 * 1892–1910: Ole M. Weglo (V)
 * 1911–1919: Peter S. Raabakken (V)
 * 1920–1922: Esten Saugen (Bp)
 * 1923–1928: Lorents Nagelhus (Bp)
 * 1929–1931: Esten Saugen (Bp)
 * 1932–1934: Lorents Nagelhus (Bp)
 * 1935–1940: Olav Flotten (Bp)
 * 1941–1942: Magnus Øyesvold (NS)
 * 1942–1945: Aage Hagerup (NS)
 * 1945-1945: Olav Flotten (Bp)
 * 1946–1951: Agnar Grande (Bp)
 * 1952–1955: Inge Himo (Bp)
 * 1956–1960: Agnar Grande (Bp)
 * 1960–1961: Inge Himo (Sp)
 * 1962–1963: Sigmund Flasnes (Sp)
 * 1964–1970: Kristian Hildrum (Sp)
 * 1970–1975: Jostein O. Mørkved (V)
 * 1976–1979: Sigmund Flasnes (Sp)
 * 1980–1981: Jørund Øvereng (Sp)
 * 1982–1999: Jørgen Tømmerås (Sp)
 * 1999–2003: Frank Jensen (Ap)
 * 2003-2003: Susanne Bratli (Ap)
 * 2003–2011: Jostein Hildrum (Sp)
 * 2011–2021: Per Olav Tyldum (Sp)
 * 2021–present: Hege Kristin Kværnø Saugen (Sp)

Transportation
The historic Namsos Line railway traversed the municipality on its way from Grong to Namsos, but the line was closed to passenger traffic in 1978. Freight traffic on the line was discontinued in 2002. The Norwegian County Road 17 also crosses the municipality.

Culture
There are 38 grave mounds in the Hunn area. The Olamo-haugen is the largest of those. The other ones have been dated to years 600 to 800 Common Era, just before the Viking Age. During the construction of a school in Hunn, the Olamo-haugen mound was uncovered and studied. About 300 m2 or about one-third of the mound was excavated by the time the dig was concluded (in 2022).

Churches
The Church of Norway has two parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Overhalla. It is part of the Namdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros.

Public service

 * Jacob Hersleb Darre (1757 in Overhalla – 1841), a Norwegian vicar, rep. on the Norwegian Constitutional Assembly
 * Hans Barlien (1772 in Overhalla – 1842), a farmer and politician, established the Norwegian-American immigrant settlement in Sugar Creek, Iowa
 * Christian Møinichen Havig (1825 in Overhalla – 1912), a bailiff and politician
 * Kristen Gran Gleditsch (1867 in Overhalla - 1946), a Norwegian military officer and topographer
 * Alf Hildrum (born 1948 in Overhalla), a Norwegian media executive and politician
 * Inge Ryan (born 1956 in Overhalla), a Norwegian politician, Mayor of Namsskogan 1991–1995, County Governor of Nord-Trøndelag, 2009-2017
 * Susanne Bratli (born 1966 in Overhalla), a Norwegian politician, Mayor of Overhalla in 2003
 * Trine Skei Grande (born 1969 in Overhalla), a politician and former leader of the Liberal Party of Norway

The Arts

 * Kristian Elster (1841 in Overhalla – 1881), a novelist, journalist, literary critic, theatre critic & forester
 * Per Kvist (1890 in Overhalla – 1947), a revue writer, entertainer, stage & film actor
 * Johannes Rian (1891 in Overhalla – 1981), a Norwegian painter
 * Bjarne Brøndbo (born 1964) and Eskil Brøndbo (born 1970), two rock musicians from Namsos

Sport

 * Gunhild Følstad (born 1981 in Overhalla), an international women's footballer

title: Overhalla


text:
User:Esperanto

I am a retired primary school headteacher living in the Lincolnshire countryside near Grimsby.

Interests - languages (French & Esperanto), long-distance cycling, amateur radio, computing and generally enjoying my garden and the countryside.

To date I have contributed more articles in Esperanto than I have in English.

title: User:Esperanto


text:
Fosnes

Fosnes is a former municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 2020 when it was merged into Namsos Municipality. It was part of the Namdalen region. The administrative centre of the municipality was the village of Dun on the island of Jøa. Other villages include Salsnes and Nufsfjord.

At the time of its dissolution in 2020, the 544 km2 municipality was the 199th largest by area out of the 422 municipalities in Norway. Fosnes was the 413th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 618. The municipality's population density was 1.3 PD/km2 and its population had decreased by 10% over the last decade.

General information
Fosnes was established as a municipality in the old Nord-Trøndelag county on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). On 1 January 1871, the western district of Fosnes (population: 1,472) was separated to form the new municipality of Flatanger. This left Fosnes with 2,655 residents. On 1 January 1889, a small area of Fosnes (population: 61) was transferred to the neighboring municipality of Vikten. Then on 1 January 1913, the western part of Fosnes (population: 1,631) was separated to form the new municipality of Otterøy. This left the much smaller municipality with 1,107 residents.

During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964, the Finnanger area of Fosnes on the northern part of the island of Otterøya (population: 116) was transferred to the new municipality of Namsos. In 2018, it became part of the new Trøndelag county which replaced the old Nord-Trøndelag county.

On 1 January 2020, Fosnes became a part of the neighboring Namsos Municipality. This happened because on 16 June 2016, the municipalities of Fosnes, Namsos, and Namdalseid voted to merge into a new, larger municipality as part of a large municipal reform across Norway.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Fosnes farm (Fólgsnnes), since the first Fosnes Church was built there (Fosnes Chapel is now located on the site). The first element is fólgsn which means "hiding place" and the last element is nes which means "headland". (The first element is referring to an inlet behind the farm, where ships could not be seen from the main fjord.) Historically, the name was spelled Fosnæs.

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 13 November 1992 and it was in use until 1 January 2020 when the municipality was merged into Namsos. The official blazon is "Or, a rowlock sable" (I gull en svart åregaffel). This means the arms have a field (background) that has a tincture of Or which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. The charge is a oarlock from a rowing boat. The design was chosen to symbolize the importance of the sea for this coastal municipality where rowing boats were the main form of transportation in the former centuries. The arms were designed by Even Jarl Skoglund.

The first proposal for a coat of arms for Fosnes date back to 1989 when the municipal council launched a contest to develop a coat of arms. Several proposals were received, but none of them were acceptable to the council nor were they acceptable to the Norwegian Heraldry Society which determined the proposals were not made according to heraldic rules. Finally the Society proposed the current coat of arms, which was acceptable to the municipal council.

Churches
The Church of Norway had one parish (sokn) within the municipality of Fosnes. It was part of the Namdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros.

Geography
Fosnes was a coastal municipality located along the Foldafjord, north of the town of Namsos. The municipality includes the island of Jøa, part of the island of Elvalandet, and part of the mainland. The second deepest lake in Europe, Salvatnet, and the lake Mjosundvatnet are both located in the eastern part of the municipality.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Fosnes was made up of 13 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The party breakdown of the final municipal council was as follows:

Mayors
The mayors of Fosnes:

 * 1838–1841: Peter Hersleb Graah Birkeland
 * 1842–1843: Mathias Krog
 * 1844–1845: Elias Bedsvåg
 * 1846–1847: O.H. Wedege
 * 1848–1849: Johan Peter Berg
 * 1850–1853: Elias Bedsvåg
 * 1854–1857: P.M. Aglen
 * 1858–1861: Elias Bedsvåg
 * 1862–1865: O. Soelberg
 * 1866–1870: Olaus Wedege
 * 1871–1873: O. Soelberg
 * 1874–1878: Emil Ellefsen
 * 1879–1887: Andreas Hamnes
 * 1888–1890: Peder Aglen (H)
 * 1891–1901: Olaus Kjølstad (V)
 * 1902–1905: Peder Aglen (H)
 * 1908–1910: Olaus Kjølstad (V)
 * 1911–1919: Brede Kvalstad (V)
 * 1920–1922: Magnus Five
 * 1923–1925: Brede Kvalstad (Bp)
 * 1925-1925: Iver K. Hoff (Bp)
 * 1926–1934: H.B. Bragstad (H)
 * 1935–1937: Peter J. Devik (Bp)
 * 1938–1941: H.B. Bragstad (H)
 * 1942–1945: Sigurd Kvalstad (NS)
 * 1945-1945: H.B. Bragstad (H)
 * 1946–1947: Trygve Rørmark (Ap)
 * 1947-1947: Aksel Strøm (V)
 * 1948–1951: Trygve Duun (Bp)
 * 1952–1955: Peder Stene (Ap)
 * 1956–1957: Leiv Skrøvstad (Bp)
 * 1958–1959: Torleiv Hoff (Bp)
 * 1960–1963: Rolf Aarmo (Ap)
 * 1964–1971: Håkon Bjøru (V)
 * 1972–1979: Per Gansmo (Sp)
 * 1980–1983: Agnar Moe (Sp)
 * 1984–1995: Arne B. Skomsvold (Sp)
 * 1995–2007: Kristen Dille (Sp)
 * 2007–2015: Bjørg Tingstad (Sp)
 * 2015–2019: Trygve Sandvik (Sp)

title: Fosnes


text:
User talk:Esperanto

Hello and Welcome! I hope you like the place. --mav

Bonvenon al Vikipedio! Ne forgesu, ke vi povas ankaŭ provizii esperantlingvajn versiojn de viaj artikoloj ĉe http://eo.wikipedia.org/ kaj interligigi ilin. --Brion 18:39 Feb 8, 2003 (UTC)

I figured we had an esperanto speaker somewhere in Lincolnshire when I spotted a Cleethorpes article on eo: ... BTW, you can put intelanguage links on user pages too, to connect you different language homepages. - Tarquin 16:41 May 5, 2003 (UTC)

You should be aware that the information you put on your user page is enough to personally identify you. With five minutes' web searching and no insider information, I was able to find that your phone number is 0x4x2 x4x8x6. (Edit summary left blank to avoid drawing attention to this in Recent Changes.) P.S. this was purely from English-language information sources.

Sub kiu nomo vi aperas en la esperanto-vikipedio ? Arno Lagrange 17:16, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Hello! Please, I need help to translate this anthem to esperanto. Can you make it to me, when you get free time, please??? Thanks! -- vonu sovef (wha?) 04:15, 2 July 2007 (UTC)

Nomination of Amikeca Reto for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Amikeca Reto is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Amikeca Reto& until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Imcdc (talk) 14:29, 8 October 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Esperanto


text:
Flatanger

Flatanger is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Namdalen region. The administrative centre of the municipality is Lauvsnes. Other villages include Jøssund, Hasvåg, and Vik.

The 459 km2 municipality is the 217th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Flatanger is the 326th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,108. The municipality's population density is 2.6 PD/km2 and its population has decreased by 4.3% over the previous 10-year period.

Flatanger is also known for having some of the most difficult sport climbing routes in the world.

General
Flatanger was established as a municipality in the old Nord-Trøndelag county on 1 January 1871 when it was separated from the large municipality of Fosnes. Initially, Flatanger had 1,472 residents. It is one of the few municipalities in Norway whose boundaries have not changed since it was established. In 2018, it became part of the new Trøndelag county.

Name
The municipality is likely named after one of the local fjords (Flat(r)angr), but it is not known exactly which one. The first element is which means "flat" or "shallow". The last element is which means "fjord or inlet".

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 12 October 1990. The official blazon is "Vert, three chevronels embowed argent" (I grønt tre innbøyde sølv sparrer). This means the arms have a green field (background) and the charge is three chevrons with a slight curve to them. The charge has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The green color was chosen to represent the agriculture industry in the municipality. The design was chosen to represent the bow of a boat, seen from the front, since boats have a great historical significance in this coastal fishing community. The arms were designed by Even Jarl Skoglund.

Churches
The Church of Norway has one parish (sokn) within the municipality of Flatanger. It is part of the Namdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros.

Geography
The municipality consists mostly of mainland, but also includes almost 1,400 islands of various sizes. Some of the major islands include Bjørøya, Lauvøya, Villa, Halmøya, and Kvernøya. Ellingråsa Lighthouse is located on the island of Bjørøya and Villa Lighthouse is on Villa. These islands all lie on the south side of the Folda firth. The Namsenfjorden forms part of the northern boundary of the municipality.

Government
Flatanger Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Trøndelag District Court and the Frostating Court of Appeal.

Politics
In the 2007 municipal elections, Flatanger had the highest vote for the Venstre party in all of Norway, at 42.9 per cent.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Flatanger is made up of 15 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Mayors
The mayors (ordfører) of Flatanger:

 * 1871–1877: Olaus Vedege
 * 1878–1879: Andreas Saxegård
 * 1880–1883: Bernt H. Solem
 * 1884–1885: Peder Musum
 * 1886–1887: Ole Martin Løfsnes
 * 1888–1893: Albert Opland (V)
 * 1894–1898: Odin Aune (V)
 * 1899–1901: Albert Opland (V)
 * 1902–1916: Odin Aune (V)
 * 1917–1928: Carl Sitter (V)
 * 1929–1934: Anton Høstland (Bp)
 * 1935–1937: Sigurd Halmøy (KrF)
 * 1938–1940: Øistein Aarseth (V)
 * 1941–1945: Lauritz Sved
 * 1945–1947: Øistein Aarseth (V)
 * 1948–1951: Anton Høstland (Bp)
 * 1952–1953: Sverre Hustad (Ap)
 * 1954–1955: Ingolf Lindseth
 * 1956–1961: Carl Gulbrandsen (LL)
 * 1962–1967: Birger Skotnes (LL)
 * 1968–1969: Aage Aagård (Sp)
 * 1970–1973: Otmar Lauvsnes (Sp)
 * 1973–1979: Aage Aagård (Sp)
 * 1980–1987: Øyvind Mårvik (LL)
 * 1988–1995: Ronald Geving (Sp)
 * 1995–1999: Per Bårdsen (Ap)
 * 1999–2003: Trond Strøm (Sp)
 * 2003–2011: Reidar Lindseth (V)
 * 2011–present: Olav Jørgen Bjørkås (Sp)

Rock climbing
Flatanger is home to some of the world's hardest sport climbs that are located in the nearby Hanshelleren Cave. In 2012, Adam Ondra completed the redpoint of , which became the first-ever rock climbing route in history to be graded at. In 2017, Ondra completed the redpoint of Silence, which then became the first-ever to be graded at. The cave has attracted many of the world's strongest sport climbers.

Notable people

 * Ole Konrad Ribsskog (1865 in Flatanger – 1941), a Norwegian teacher and politician, Mayor of Trondhjem
 * Toralf Sandø (1899 in Flatanger – 1970), a Norwegian film director and actor
 * Julie Dahle Aagård (born 1978 in Flatanger), a Norwegian Jazz singer, sister of Tora Dahle Aagård
 * Tora Dahle Aagård (born 1994 in Flatanger), a Norwegian guitarist, singer and songwriter, sister of Julie Dahle Aagård
 * Brede Moe (born 1991 in Flatanger), a Norwegian footballer with 180 club caps

title: Flatanger


text:
Vikna

Vikna is a large island archipelago and a former municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The municipality existed from 1869 until its dissolution in 2020 when it joined Nærøysund Municipality. It was part of the Namdalen region. The administrative centre of the municipality was the town of Rørvik. Other villages in Vikna included Austafjord, Garstad, and Valøya.

At the time of its dissolution in 2020, the 319 km2 municipality was the 269th largest by area out of the 422 municipalities in Norway. Vikna was the 221st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 4,492. The municipality's population density was 14.4 PD/km2 and its population had increased by 11.4% over the last decade.

General information
The municipality of Vikten was established on 1 July 1869 when it was separated from the large municipality of Nærøy. Initially, the population of Vikten was 1,749. On 1 January 1881, a small area of Fosnes (population: 61) was transferred to Vikten. The name of the municipality was later changed to Vikna.

On 1 January 2018, the municipality switched from the old Nord-Trøndelag county to the new Trøndelag county.

On 1 January 2020, the municipality of Vikna was merged with most of the neighboring municipality of Nærøy to form the new Nærøysund Municipality. The Lund area in Nærøy was not part of the merger. It became part of the newly enlarged Namsos Municipality on the same date.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named "Vikna". It was named after the three large islands which made up the municipality: Inner-Vikna, Mellom-Vikna, and Ytter-Vikna (Víkn). The name is derived from the word which means "cove" or "wick" (likely since the islands have numerous coves and inlets). Historically, the name of the municipality was spelled Vikten. On 3 November 1917, a royal resolution changed the spelling of the name of the municipality to Vikna.

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 13 May 1988 and it was in use until 1 January 2020 when the municipality was dissolved. The official blazon is "Azure, three salmon argent in annulo" (I blått tre sølv lakser som danner en sirkel). This means the arms have a blue field (background) and the charge is three salmon forming a circle. The fish design has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. This design was chosen to symbolize the importance of salmon fishing and farming in the municipality. The arms were designed by Torleif Flosand. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.

Churches
The Church of Norway had one parish (sokn) within the municipality of Vikna. It was part of the Namdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros.

Geography
The municipality consisted of a large island archipelago with some 6,000 large and small islands going far into the Norwegian Sea off the northwestern coast of Trøndelag county. Vikna is the largest spawning area for cod south of Lofoten. The three largest islands are: Inner-Vikna, closest to the mainland, Mellom-Vikna, and then Ytter-Vikna as the westernmost island. Other islands include Borgan and Lauvøya.

The main village for the municipality was Rørvik, located on the eastern shore of Inner-Vikna, facing the mainland across the Nærøysundet strait. The many islands in the area means that there are many lighthouses including Gjeslingene Lighthouse, Grinna Lighthouse, Nærøysund Lighthouse, and Nordøyan Lighthouse.

On 21 October 1962, the coastal steamer (Hurtigruten) Sanct Svithun run aground on Nordøyan as a result of navigational error. The ship sunk, and there was a tragic loss of 41 lives. A memorial bauta was raised on Nordøyan in 2002.

Government
While it existed, this municipality was responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, unemployment and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads. During its existence, this municipality was governed by a municipal council of elected representatives, which in turn elected a mayor. The municipality fell under the Namdal District Court and the Frostating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Vikna is made up of 23 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The party breakdown of the final municipal council was as follows:

Mayors
The mayors of Vikna:

 * 1870–1875: Iver Kirkeby
 * 1876–1877: Arnold Bugge
 * 1878–1881: Benjamin Gjestsen
 * 1882–1898: Kasper Sund (V)
 * 1899–1901: Christoffer Inderberg (V)
 * 1902–1904: Knut Rangsæter (V)
 * 1905–1922: Christoffer Inderberg (V)
 * 1923–1928: Christian Ulsund (Bp)
 * 1929–1942: Ingvar Inderberg (V)
 * 1942–1943: T.B. Norberg (NS)
 * 1943–1945: Fredrik C. Hansen (NS)
 * 1945-1945: Ingvar Inderberg (V)
 * 1946–1947: Arthur Prestvik (Ap)
 * 1948–1951: Leon Brevik (V)
 * 1952–1955: Fredrik Lie-Gjeseth (Bp)
 * 1956–1975: Lars Kirkeby-Garstad (Bp)
 * 1976–1979: Arne Hansen (V)
 * 1980–1983: Roald Kirkeby-Garstad (Sp)
 * 1984–1991: Magnus Kleven (Ap)
 * 1992–1997: Lars Peder Brekk (Sp)
 * 1997–2003: Else Hansvik Storsul (H)
 * 2003–2011: Karin Søraunet (KrF)
 * 2011–2015: Reinert Eidshaug (Ap)
 * 2015–2019: Amund Hellesø (Ap)

Economy
Fishing, fish farming, public services, and agriculture are the main sources of income. The Norveg museum, devoted to the coastal way of life through the centuries, is located in Rørvik. The Vikna Wind Farm is located on Mellom-Vikna, just west of Garstad, and it produces power for much of the municipality.

Transportation
Hurtigruten boats stop frequently at Rørvik and Norwegian County Road 770 via the Nærøysund Bridge connects Vikna to the mainland and European route E6. There is also the small Rørvik Airport, Ryum, just south of Rørvik. Vikna and neighbouring Nærøy form a common work area with nearly 10,000 inhabitants.

title: Vikna


text:
User talk:Talion~enwiki

Hello and Welcome! I hope you like the place. --mav

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Talion. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Talion~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 03:16, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 19:28, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Talion~enwiki


text:
Nærøy

Nærøy is a former municipality of Trøndelag county, Norway. The municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 2020 when it joined the municipality of Nærøysund. It was part of the Namdalen region. Norway's smallest town, Kolvereid, was the administrative centre of the municipality. Some villages in Nærøy included Abelvær, Foldereid, Gravvik, Lund, Ottersøy, Salsbruket, Steine, and Torstad.

At the time of its dissolution in 2020, the 1068 km2 municipality was the 96th largest by area out of the 422 municipalities in Norway. Nærøy was the 200th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 5,117. The municipality's population density was 5 PD/km2 and its population had increased by 2% over the previous decade.

General information
Nærøy was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). On 1 July 1869, the western island district was separated from Nærøy to become the new municipality of Vikten. This left Nærøy with 1,477 residents. On 1 January 1902, an unpopulated area of Kolvereid was transferred to Nærøy municipality.

During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1964, the neighboring municipalities of Kolvereid (population: 2,426), Nærøy (population: 2,182), Gravvik (population: 816), and the western two-thirds of Foldereid were merged to form the new, larger municipality of Nærøy.

On 1 January 2018, the municipality of Nærøy switched from the old Nord-Trøndelag county to the new Trøndelag county.

On 1 January 2020, the municipality of Nærøy was merged with most of the neighboring municipality of Vikna to form the new Nærøysund Municipality. The Lund area in Nærøy was not part of the merger. It became part of the newly enlarged Namsos Municipality on the same date.

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the island of Nærøya (Njarðøy) since the Old Nærøy Church was built there. The meaning of the first element is uncertain. It is maybe the stem form of the name of the Norse god Njord (but it is suspicious that it is not in the genitive case). The last element is which means "island". Historically, the name of the municipality was spelled Nærøen or Nærø. On 3 November 1917, a royal resolution changed the spelling of the name of the municipality to Nærøy.

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 22 May 1987 and they were in use until 1 January 2020 when the municipality was dissolved. The official blazon is "Or, three fleur-de-lis in pall stems conjoined gules" (I gull tre røde liljetopper forent i trepass). This means the arms have a field (background) that has a tincture of Or which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. The charge is three conjoined fleur-de-lis aligned in a Y-shaped design. The fleur-de-lis design is red to symbolize the local water lilies which generally have a reddish color. The arms are also based on the seal of King Håkon Magnusson from 1344, on a document in which the King granted several rights to the local farmers. The seal shows St. Mary in a portal decorated with fleur-de-lis, the symbol of St. Mary. The arms were designed by Einar H. Skjervold. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.

Churches
The Church of Norway had four parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Nærøy. It is part of the Namdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros.

Geography
The municipality was located in the northwestern part of Trøndelag county, along the Foldafjord. It included the islands of Austra and Gjerdinga and the Kvingra peninsula. Several large lakes were located in the municipality including Mjosundvatnet, Salvatnet, and Storvatnet.

Government
While it existed, this municipality was responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, unemployment and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads. During its existence, this municipality was governed by a municipal council of elected representatives, which in turn elected a mayor. The municipality fell under the Namdal District Court and the Frostating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Nærøy is made up of 27 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The party breakdown of the final municipal council was as follows:

Mayors
The mayors of Nærøy:

 * 1837–1839: Paul Anzjøn
 * 1840–1841: Knud Grimstad
 * 1842–1843: Lorns H. Lyngsnes
 * 1844–1847: Gerhard Willemsen Iversen
 * 1848–1849: Matheus Anzjøn
 * 1850–1851: Conrad M. Anzjøn
 * 1852–1855: Christian Sverdrup
 * 1856–1857: Arendt Lund
 * 1858–1859: Fredrik Jensen Storval
 * 1860–1861: Conrad M. Anzjøn
 * 1862–1863: Ole Thomassen Thorland
 * 1864–1865: Fredrik Jensen Storval
 * 1866–1868: Peder C. Lund
 * 1869–1871: Christian Sverdrup
 * 1872–1873: Ole Thomassen Thorland
 * 1874–1875: Peter Andreas Strand
 * 1876–1879: Peter Olaus Varø
 * 1880–1883: Johan Pedersen Laugen (V)
 * 1884–1885: Bernt O. Søraa
 * 1886–1889: Johan Pedersen Laugen (V)
 * 1890–1891: Johan Eliassen Storvedde (V)
 * 1892–1895: Georg Brandtzæg (H)
 * 1896–1897: Nils Halvorsen Sandnes (H)
 * 1898–1904: Georg Nordrum (H)
 * 1905-1905: Nils Halvorsen Sandnes (H)
 * 1905–1916: Nils Christian Brandtzæg (H)
 * 1917–1919: Julian Knotten (V)
 * 1920–1922: Nils Christian Brandtzæg (H)
 * 1923–1928: Axel Sund (V)
 * 1929–1940: Olav Bog (V)
 * 1941–1943: Jens Christian Williksen (NS)
 * 1943–1945: Meier Jensen (NS)
 * 1945-1945: Olav Bog (V)
 * 1946–1947: Jens Folkestad (Bp)
 * 1948–1951: Martin Strandvahl (V)
 * 1952–1955: Haakon Sandnes (Bp)
 * 1956–1957: Martin Strandvahl (V)
 * 1958-1958: Arnvid Førde (Bp)
 * 1959–1961: Kåre Hildrum (Bp)
 * 1962–1967: Arne Løvmo (V)
 * 1968–1969: Birger Øverås (Sp)
 * 1970–1971: Ebbe Skillingstad (Sp)
 * 1972–1975: Arne Ness (Ap)
 * 1976–1979: Kåre Aarmo (KrF)
 * 1980–1983: Odd Bach (Sp)
 * 1984–1989: Åsmund Rønningen (Ap)
 * 1990–1998: Hans Mo (Sp)
 * 1998–2019: Steinar Aspli (Sp)
 * 2019-present: Rune Arstein (H)

Transportation
Norwegian County Road 17 crosses the northeastern part of the municipality. There is a large network of bridges in the municipality that connect islands and cross fjords. Most notably is the Marøysund Bridge and Nærøysund Bridge which connect Nærøy to Vikna to the west. Also Hestøy Bridge and Smines Bridge connect the village of Lund to Fosnes municipality to the south.

title: Nærøy


text:
Leka, Norway

Leka is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Namdalen region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Leknes on the island of Leka. Other villages in Leka include Sør-Gutvika and Madsøygrenda. The island municipality includes all of the island of Leka and part of the island of Austra as well as hundreds of smaller surrounding islands and skerries.

Primarily a fishing and farming community, Leka is the northernmost municipality in Trøndelag county. The island of Leka has been inhabited for at least 10,000 years, as evidenced by cave drawings in the Solsem cave at the southwest tip of the Leka island.

The 110 km2 municipality is the 325th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Leka is the 348th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 582. The municipality's population density is 5.4 PD/km2 and its population has increased by 1.4% over the previous 10-year period.

General information
The municipality of Leka was established on 1 October 1860 when it was separated from the large municipality of Kolvereid. Initially, the population of Leka was 1,702. On 1 January 1909, the southern district of Leka (population: 881) was separated from Leka to form the new municipality of Gravvik. This left Leka with 1,209 residents. The borders of Leka have not changed since then. On 1 January 2018, the municipality switched from the old Nord-Trøndelag county to the new Trøndelag county.

On 8 June 2017, the Norwegian Parliament, the Storting, voted to merge the municipalities of Leka, Vikna, Nærøy, and Bindal to form one, large municipality effective 1 January 2020. Leka and Bindal municipalities rejected the merger, but Vikna and Nærøy merged on that date to form the new municipality of Nærøysund.

Toponymy
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the island of Leka (Leka) since the island makes up a large portion of the parish and municipality. The meaning of the name is unknown, but it may come from the word lekke which can mean "gravelly ground".

Coat of arms
The coat of arms was granted on 21 April 1989. The official blazon is "Gules, a winged claw Or" (I rødt en vinget gull klo). This means the arms have a red field (background) and the charge is a wing and claw of an eagle. The wing and claw design has a tincture of Or which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. This is a reference to an incident which supposedly occurred in 1932, in which a three-year-old girl disappeared on the island, and was subsequently discovered beneath the nest of a White-tailed eagle, high up on a cliff where no three-year-old could possibly have climbed. The arms were designed by Einar H. Skjervold.

Churches
The Church of Norway has one parish (sokn) within the municipality of Leka. It is part of the Namdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros.

Geography
Leka is an island municipality encompassing the main island of Leka, the western part of the island of Austra (with the biggest locality being Gutvik), and many other small islands in the surrounding area. The tiny island groups of Sklinna and Horta lie to the west of the main islands.

Sklinna Lighthouse is located in the westernmost part of the municipality. Leka borders Vikna and Nærøy municipalities to the south and Bindal (in Nordland county) to the north.

History
Dated to the Viking Age, the burial mound Herlaugshaugen is one of the largest (in Norway) from that era.

Government
Leka Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Trøndelag District Court and the Frostating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council
The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Leka is made up of 13 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Mayors
The mayors (ordfører) of Leka:

 * 1860–1865: N. Henriksen
 * 1866–1871: C. Samuelsen
 * 1872–1877: Otto Bach
 * 1878–1881: Karl August Jensen
 * 1882–1885: Johannes Furre (H)
 * 1886–1887: Otto Bach (H)
 * 1888–1891: Karl August Jensen (H)
 * 1892–1895: Svend Rasmussen (H)
 * 1896–1898: Karl August Jensen (H)
 * 1899–1901: Johannes Furre (H)
 * 1902–1904: Karl August Jensen (H)
 * 1905–1909: Ludvig Bach
 * 1910–1919: Peder Aleksander Furre
 * 1920–1925: Ingvard Hiller (V)
 * 1926–1928: Peder Aleksander Furre (Bp)
 * 1929–1931: Edvard Haug (Bp)
 * 1932–1937: Ingvard Hiller (V)
 * 1938–1942: Edvard Haug (Bp)
 * 1943–1945: Ole Nøstdal (NS)
 * 1945-1945: Edvard Haug (Bp)
 * 1946–1947: Hans Mikal Solsem (Ap)
 * 1948–1951: Anders Leknes (Bp)
 * 1952–1957: Hans Mikal Solsem (Ap)
 * 1957-1958: Egil Hanssen (Ap)
 * 1958-1959: Hans Mikal Solsem (Ap)
 * 1960–1967: Jonas Lund (Ap)
 * 1968–1969: Andreas Hansen (Sp)
 * 1970–1971: Leif Rohnes (V)
 * 1972–1975: Jonas Lund (Ap)
 * 1976–1978: Arne Skillingstad (Sp)
 * 1978–1979: Leif Rohnes (V)
 * 1979-1979: Anders Kolstad (Sp)
 * 1980–1983: Trond Pettersen (Sp)
 * 1984–1987: Inge Aune (Ap)
 * 1988–1995: Arve Haug (Sp)
 * 1995–1999: Margrethe Holmboe Askeland (Sp)
 * 1999–2002: Elisabeth Helmersen (Ap)
 * 2002–2003: Mari-Anne Hoff (SV)
 * 2003–2011: Arve Haug (Sp)
 * 2011–2019: Per Helge Johansen (Sp)
 * 2019–2023: Elisabeth Helmersen (Ap)
 * 2023-present: Svein Pettersen (Sp)

Politics
In the 2007 municipal elections, Leka had the highest vote for the Centre Party in Norway, at 69.3 per cent.

Transportation
The island part of Leka (Skei) is connected to Gutvik by a ferry line, operated by Lekaferja.

Notable people

 * Christopher Brinchmann (1864 in Leka – 1940) a Norwegian archivist, literary historian and critic
 * Annfinn Lund (1926 in Leka – 2001) a Norwegian civil servant and politician; the County Governor of Hedmark 1980/81
 * Thomas Hjalmar Westgård (born 1995 in Leka) an Irish cross-country skier, competed in the 2018 Winter Olympics

title: Leka, Norway