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Stripperella

Stripperella (also referred to as Stan Lee's Stripperella) is an American adult animated superhero comedy television series created by Stan Lee for Spike. The lead character is a stripper named Erotica Jones who is secretly the superhero/secret agent Stripperella. The series was produced by The Firm and Spike Animation, with CGI animation provided by Nickelodeon Digital. It is rated TV-MA in the United States.

Stripperella debuted on Spike TV in summer 2003 and lasted one season with 13 episodes. Anderson described it as not being a raunchy show, despite obvious double entendres and topless nudity (which was blurred out when shown on Spike TV).

In Australia, Stripperella began airing uncensored on SBS TV, starting Monday March 13, 2006, at 21:00 local time (9:00PM), after having previously been restricted to early-morning airings on the Nine Network. In the United Kingdom, Stripperella is aired uncensored as part of the UK incarnation of the Cartoon Network's Adult Swim programming block. In Germany, the show aired uncensored on Comedy Central Germany available for all audiences. In Italy, it is aired on Fox Italia, uncensored and unrated; in Latin America is transmitted by MTV Latin America; and in Brazil was transmitted by Multishow.

Production
The project was one of the first projects created by Stan Lee's new production company POW! Entertainment, and was originally announced to be running on TNN (later renamed Spike) in January 2003, with Pamela Anderson voicing the lead. Lee, who would only provide the pitch and character outlines before handing the show to other writers, noted it would be a prime-time cartoon and stated "It won't be dirty, but it will be funny." The series planned to use motion capture technology to faithfully show Anderson's anatomy.

It was later delayed to become part of TNN's new adult animation block, alongside The Ren & Stimpy Show and Gary the Rat. Anderson claimed that she and Lee were fans of each other's work, and that she would give notes on the series' scripts.

Stripperella
Erotica Jones AKA Stripperella is an extremely attractive dancer. Many people are jealous of Erotica's bust size, especially her coworkers, and she enjoys her extremely revealing outfits because she enjoys showing off her irresistible "assets". She has a brother named Chipperella (Jon Cryer), who also happened to be a stripper living a double life as a superhero and secret agent.

Powers

 * Combat Expertise: "Sexy" martial arts and "Killer" moves.
 * Superhuman Enhancements Enhanced reflexes, senses, super strength, flexibility, intellect, and gravity-defying jumps.
 * Extreme Hotness: Stripperella is hot enough to make a man catch fire when near her.
 * Powerful Lungs: Stripperella's breathing is strong enough to administer mouth-to-mouth resuscitation on any victim who is either morbidly obese or abnormally gigantic, she can even blow a monkey out of a Tank gun through the barrel.
 * Skin Immunity: Stripperella is impervious to temperature and weather conditions, allowing her to wear a bikini in the snow.
 * Breast Expansion: Instantly expanding her big bust. She holds her breath and they inflate to increase a few bra-sizes.
 * Lie-Detecting Cleave-Conspirators: When someone holds them, she can determine whether a person is lying.
 * Hairachute: Stripperella's hair is so thick, luxuriant, and extravagant that it can be used as an effective parachute.
 * Limitless Cleavage: An extreme Victoria's Secret Compartment that allows Stripperella to pull various objects out of her cleavage.

Recurring characters

 * Erotica's workplace TenderLoins features the wishy-washy owner Kevin (voiced by Tom Kenny), swishy bartender Leonard (voiced by Maurice LaMarche), and dancers Persephone (voiced by Sirena Irwin) who is promiscuous and switches accents, and naive and good-natured country girl Giselle (voiced by Jill Talley). The newest member, the antagonistic Catt (voiced by Joey Lauren Adams), gets hired in TenderLoins under false pretenses of being an Amish virgin.
 * The main competition of TenderLoins is SiliCones, a strip club owned by Dirk McMahon (voiced by Vince McMahon) who openly admits his obsession for Erotica to work at his club.
 * Stripperella works for the agency FUGG under Chief Stroganoff (voiced by Maurice LaMarche). Other recurring FUGG members include technicians Hal and Bernard (voiced by Tom Kenny and Greg Proops), and Special Agent 14 (voiced by Tom Kenny).
 * There are two recurring villains: Cheapo (voiced by Maurice LaMarche), the world's cheapest bad guy, and Queen Clitoris (voiced by Sirena Irwin), a woman who lashes out on society for her facial appearance.
 * Reporters Skip Withers (voiced by Tom Kenny) and Margo Van Winkle (voiced by Jill Talley) appearing when TV news coverage is needed.

Episodes
Note: what follows is the chronology according to the DVD release. Spike TV aired the episodes out of order. The air dates have not been changed.

Critical reception
Rob Owen of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette gave the show a positive review, saying that it was "unexpectedly clever, albeit sometimes crude", and that its "tongue in cheek" humor was reminiscent of the 1960s Batman series.

Home media
The Complete DVD boxed set released on February 22, 2005, contains uncensored versions with a new opening theme replacing the original Kid Rock song. Recently, Paramount and Viacom have allowed Mill Creek Entertainment to acquire the distribution rights to any future DVD reissues.

Comic books
Originally there was to have been a promotional Stripperella comic written by Lee and published by Humanoids Publishing (publishers of Métal Hurlant magazine) alongside the animated series, but it was not published.

Legal controversy
In 2003, ex-stripper Janet Clover, a.k.a. "Jazz", a.k.a. "Stripperella", filed a lawsuit in the Daytona Beach, Florida circuit court against Viacom, Stan Lee, and Pamela Anderson, claiming she is Stripperella's true creator and Stan Lee stole her idea when she discussed it during a "private dance session".

title: Stripperella


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Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Music/Archive 1

Piped year in music links are evil
Hey there Mav, Regarding your disapproval about linking '1968 in music' to '1968', I have to disagree. The links that go to the year in music pages and the sentences containing them are actually about that year in music. To direct to the more broad year page is to widen the scope of the page relationship unnecessarily. Furthermore, many of the links that go to the 'in music' pages are in lists such as discographies, and as such would make much less sense to take the user to the broader page, where the discography entry is not reciprocated; in a perfect 'pedia, the 'in music' pages would reciprocate with each other musical entry. Conversely, it would be confusing to shape each discography entry with something like "1973 in music - Dark Side of the Moon". These arguments I can make in support only of the link changes that I have made. Others, many others, are continuing the trend, and I hope they continue to do so. Users only have to hover over the link or look at a different part of the screen to learn the destination of that link. Furthermore, every 'in music' page has an immediate link to the original 'year' page. Thanks for the input. -Tubby

 * We already have a very well-established naming convention for years where linking pure numbers goes directly to the year pages. Mixing in other things only confuses the matter. A user should not have to place their cursor over what looks like a year link just to see if in fact it is a daughter page of a year page and not the year page itself. The link that I reverted was the birth year of an artist! These links need to go where they indicate to the user where they are going. What you propose is that we have blind links taking the user to a place they did not expect to go. What is worse is that there are thousands of artist pages that already link to the year pages. But now there are a handfull that link to something else. This is inconsistent and misleading and needs to stop. There is nothing wrong with linking directly to the daughter year pages within discography lists for example so long as the links are explicit and not hidden so that they look like a regular year link. I'm going to go ahead and fix all these links I can find. --mav

 * Mav, don't you think the fact that the (year in music|year) convention was adopted by virtually everyone who contributes to music articles proves that readers of music pages do expect to be taken to a year in music page when the click on a year link in a music page? I'd say the overriding policy here is the one about providing relevant links - which frequently demands piped links. If indeed, as you say, hiding where a link goes is against some carved-in-stone policy I've never seen, then why is the | syntax for links provided at all? Mkweise 07:06 Jan 30, 2003 (UTC)

 * The only convention here is in naming conventions. WikiProject can not violate project-wide conventions. See my message to Tubby above. --mav

 * I just reead naming conventions, and found nothing relevant to this matter. Could you please spell out the convention you refer to? Mkweise 07:06 Jan 30, 2003 (UTC)

 * "Use plain numbers only for years ..... . So call it Form 1040, not 1040, and Intel 386, not 386." Contributors and readers are two separate sets of people. When a person sees a link that reads 1977 they should be able to always expect to be taken to a page called 1977 that is about the year 1977. Mixing in other links confuses the matter and is not at all user-friendly. The pipe was originally designed mainly to hide ugly / page titles. There are many other valid uses but it is bad form to use the pipe in order to make links to two different pages look the same. Every page I've fixed so far has standard year links mixed in with piped year in music links -- the user when presented with this does not know what to expect which clicking on a link. That is very bad design. --mav

 * Ummm....it says "the use of number-only page names should only be used for Year in Review entries" (my emphasis).
 * BTW, if this really is the official position, you could save yourself a lot of work by just replacing the string " in music|" with "|" globally across the entire database. You'll also want to do the same with " language|" next, because there are tons of links such as English that would also have to be considered misleading, according to your rationale.

Mkweise 07:41 Jan 30, 2003 (UTC)

No English links are not misleading. If you are talking about a person or thing being English then you sublink to England. If you are talking about the language then you sublink to English language. The context clearly states which one should be sublinked. It is, however, not at all clear if you should directly to a year page or bypass it for one of its daughter pages. Context here is not nearly as clear. The result is a mismatch of links to year pages mixed in with links to daughter pages. And when the links are not explicit this leads to confusion and doubt in the reader - they soon begin to loose confidence that when they click on a year link that that link will take them to the year page. I'm also puzzled why the year pages are being excluded like this. Are people who are into music really off onto their own planet that other events that happened in the same year are not important at all? The whole purpose of the year pages is to give a summary of events that happened during a single year - narrowing that focus too much is a bad idea. There is no reason to fork the year pages - both links can live side-by-side if and when needed. See also: principle of least astonishment --mav

 * Personally, I don't think I've ever used a year page to look at same-year events, however I do use the century pages alot. The 20th century is pretty well organized in my head, but it gets fuzzier as you go back in time. Decades are useful back to about 1700; from there on back I find I need to look at a whole century to get a good perspective.
 * As for music lovers being on their own planet, well...when you're researching musich you're researching music. When you sit down in a restaurant, you're probably hungry and expect to be handed a menu - not an encyclopedia opened to a page that lists people who were born the same year pizza was invented. Right? Mkweise 08:33 Jan 30, 2003 (UTC)

 * You are talking about forking the encyclopedia into specialized areas. That is counter to what an encyclopedia is. Besides each of the daughter pages are links from their year page parents. Let the reader decide just what is relevant. Having some links that look like years going to year pages and having others going to music-specific pages is really bad design. --mav

 * Letting the reader decide what is relevant is exactly my aim! Since it is always easier to "zoom out" in focus than to "zoom in", I feel it makes sense to link to as narrow a focus as reasonable based on the context, with a link to "zoom out" focus at the top of the page. I find the year in music pages quite well designed in that regard. Mkweise 08:51 Jan 30, 2003 (UTC)

 * But it still is inconsistent. A link that looks like 1977 in one article goes to a different place than a link that looks the same in another article. This is a lack of internal consistency within Wikipedia. And that harms the project as a whole. Please understand the big picture. However, I am still keeping most of the direct links to the daughter articles even though they are already linked on the year pages. --mav

I don't understand your bad form to hide links edit to the The Who article. Please elaborate what was bad about the way it was. Mkweise 06:17 Jan 30, 2003 (UTC)

 * Links that look like they go to a year page but instead go to a year in music page. --mav

 * I thought the Wikipedia convention was that years in articles about music *always* link to year in music pages, never year pages. That has been the consistent practice, anyway. I'd say you've got a hell of a lot of editing ahead of you if you plan on changing every single music page. Mkweise 06:28 Jan 30, 2003 (UTC)

 * Mav is correct; links should not point you to a surprising location. When you have year links in a navigation bar on a year in music page, you expect them to take you to another year in music page. However, when you have year links on a page about an artist, you don't have this intuitive expectation. Therefore, it's better not to hide the "in music" part. --Eloquence 10:10 Jan 30, 2003 (UTC)

principle of least astonishment. Koyaanis Qatsi

 * Well...if user:tubby and I are the only ones who felt strongly enough on the matter to discuss it here, I guess it's not as big a deal as I thought it was. I can live with linking to the plain year, although I hope this won't affect my freedom to link a article from a completely different word. I frequently do this, as I hate to mutilate (fnord) a perfectly (fnord) good sentence with (fnord) parentheses (and footnotes) just (fnord) to hyperlink things (and stuff). Mkweise 10:46 Jan 30, 2003 (UTC)

 * It's only been an issue for a few hours. At least a full day or two is needed to allow for others to comment. Tokerboy

 * On second thought, why not instead provide a new user setting that allows each user to choose for himself whether wikilinks are displayed as intended by the author or literally as linked? That should be trivial to add to the code, and everyone would be happy. Mkweise 07:44 Jan 30, 2003 (UTC)

 * Many piped links are in fact ugly so nobody would select that option. --mav

I don't think there are that many piped links right now -- I think I've made most of them, and only in the articles I've made in the last week and a half or so. The issue first came up at Talk:1972 in music, and it was decided to not use piped links. It came up again at Talk:Bad Religion, and others convinced me to do otherwise (I wonder if wikipedia is going to evolve a precendent-based system of government...). I don't much care either way, as long as there is a standard. Both methods have positive (direct link to more useful information vs transparency in linking) and negative effects (hidden links vs ugly parentheses). Whatever is decided, this page needs to reflect it, as it currently claims the standard is to use piped links except in the opening birth and death dates -- I wrote that, and I was describing what was being done, and I'm not arguing in favor of anything, because I don't care. I don't like either solution, but there is nothing better that I can think of. Tokerboy

Although consistency and formula have their place in an encyclopedia, it is my opinion that they shouldn't interfere with the most efficient communication of information. Pages that link to 'year in music' pages are about music. People browsing our music pages want to keep browsing our music pages, and not be taken to a much broader index. I've never found the parent 'year' pages to be gripping. And even though the link may be slightly 'astonishing', I think we should give our readers a little credit and assume they will be able to discern the difference between the two 'year' pages, and can navigate between them. Mav, I think you have identified the larger problem here: the idea of forking the encyclopedia into specialized areas. This is something that we should definately have some discussion on, and already it has become a bit of a dividing issue. -Tubby

I just looked at some of the pages that Mav has "corrected". They are now less attractive, having parenthesis all over the place and repetitive phrases. Furthermore, some of the actual content has been rendered inaccurate, or at the very least more confusing. Your argument, Mav, would be much more effective if your vision was not so disruptive. -Tubby
 * Would an acceptable compromise be to include a disclaimer at the top informing readers that clicking on a year will bring you to a capsule summary of musical events from that year? Tokerboy

I wrote some of those links that have now been corrected by Mav and now I'm of two minds. This is really insoluble, and it seems to me that a simple note on the page wouldn't fix it, because because of the conflicting significance of dates even within a music article. I think the best thing, and not too good at that, is to add a link the year in music at the bottom of every year page that has a corresponding year in music page and have both kinds of dates in music articles, regular years and musical years, clumsy as that would be. Ortolan88
 * 1) mind -- a year is a year.  Every biographical article includes a birth and death, and it is counter-intuitive to think that Einstein's birthdate would link to the year in physics and Little Brother Montgomery's birthdate would link to the year in music and Nureyev's birthdate would link to the year in dance.  It is part of the information of the encyclopedia to tell what else was going on the year that something happened.
 * 2) mind -- music is music.  It is also counter-intuitive to think that the date "Wild Thing" was released is going to link to the same page that shows, I don't know, the Tet Offensive and Martin Luther King's March on Washington.  It is also part of the encyclopedia to tell what else was going on in the world of music the year something musical happened.

 * But each 'year in x' page is already linked from the corresponding year page. Thus if all links were just to the parent year page then at most people are one link away from the 'year in x' page. Directly linking to the 'year in x' pages makes as much sense as linking to History of the United States instead of just United States (and a piped link that looks like it goes to the United States article but instead goes to the History of the United States is evil). Daughter articles are supposed to be rarely linked to directly and 'year in x' pages are daughter articles. I will therefore reduce the ugliness that Tubby is talking about by only linking to the parent year pages except when the year is already in parenthesis or is in a list. For example, many albums when they are first stated have the year in parenthesis right behind it. In that cases it is OK to have an explicit link to a 'year in music' page in parenthesis right after the name of the album. But all cases where a year is listed should have a link to the parent year article only. BTW I corrected about a dozen articles where the 'year in music' page was pipe-linked in for the birth/death years! Most other cases had a mix of pipe links to the 'year in music' articles and direct links to the parent year articles. Also what about people who are involved in music, and film? From a usability perspective that is horrible. --mav

Just wanted to note that I wrote three prose paragraphs at 1977 in music. I'm not sure if it would be desirable or possible to do something similar at every year, but I think it could be useful at least for some (1969, 1992, 1983 spring to mind, if none other). Comments are welcome. Tokerboy

 * It looks good to me. While we are on the subject why are the list of events at the bottom of the 'year in music' pages? Events are more important than album releases, no? --mav
 * Good point. Inertia, I suppose -- I'll wait a little while for someone to point out some sillily obvious reason why not, then start moving them to the top as I come across them.  Maybe this would be a good time to discuss any other changes others want to propose to the year in music articles.  I could've sworn someone said something on some talk page somewhere that seemed like a good idea but wasn't worth the effort to change them all... anybody know what I'm talking about?  It's easiest to do these things at once. Tokerboy

 * I'm inclined to say:

 * Prose paragraphs intro
 * Events
 * Top hits
 * Albums released
 * Awards (which some pages, such as 1977 in music, don't currently have a section for)
 * Births
 * Deaths

Maybe switching around Top hits and albums, but really it's a timeframe thing -- songs were much more important befoe 1962 or so, then albums afterwards, but I'd like it to be uniform. Since the hits list will probably be shorter (at least after the early 60s), it would be less intrusive to put them first. That's my thoughts, but I could go either way on it if someone else knows something I don't. Tokerboy
 * While we do our various things on the years in music page, I recommend fixing up the "XXX's musical career begins". That made sense when they were at List of musical events because, depending on the artist in question, it sometimes means a band formed, began performing, settled into the line-up/format they eventually became famous for, began recording, began recording for a major label... we have the space to be specific, so we should.  I think if it's referring to beginning recording, that should be noted under albums released as, many already do (with the word "debut", or "solo debut" or "major label debut" in parentheses after the artist name). Tokerboy

Yeah I agree "musical career begins" is vague. Debut recording is a worthy mention, as is "band forms", in my opinion. Regarding the order, I think your outline is fine, although I don't really know what ideals to point to. I do think though that we should try to include your work on some of the genres, like the three punk pages. -Tubby
 * Well, I didn't have anything to do with that aside from moving them to their present location... I'm not sure what you mean by "ideals", but if I read you write -- I was thinking it might be a good idea to discuss here what will be on the "year in music" pages in prose form -- the two I've done so far (1992, 1977) are pretty clear in the most influential developments, but a lot of the rest is going to be more ambiguous.  In heavy metal, for example, I'd say 1983, definitely, and maybe 1987, 1996 or so, 1972ish -- I don't know if I feel comfortable making such a unilateral decision.  If we discuss here, for example, that the Grateful Dead deserve a mention, we can decide that 1971 is the place to do it, and summarily delete anyone adding them somewhere else without feeling like a tyrant.  Doing so may deter weirdos like the anonymous user who is apparently a full-time publicist for the Ataris and has added them anywhere they are even remotely tangentially related. (what's next: adding "lead singer for the Ataris went on a vacation to Disneyworld" at 1981?) Tokerboy

Some problems I noted at Talk:List of musical events include the former slew of inconsistant or just wrong "musical career begins" atributions-- again, where did these come from? Other problems in the "Hits" sections of years; in the late 20th century the "by (name)" usually indicates the most prominent singer or band to record it, while in the early 20th century the "by (name)" usually indicates the composer. Even worse, many of these "by (name)"s list only the lyricist, not the composer of the lyric... Did someone import these lists from some source but only decide to list only one of the names on each given song? -- Infrogmation 07:07 Feb 7, 2003 (UTC)

 * I don't know where the early 20th century stuff comes from... I only added a few of the biggies, and I always assumed that the "by" line lists the performer, with the details of the writer mentioned elsewhere, such as in the article on the song (which, in that time frame, should be a lot more common in an ideal Wikipedia). I totally agree on the "musical career begins" thing -- most of them are correct in one way or another, it just isn't clear in what sense it is meant.  These can be easily changed to be more specific, as it takes only a few moments for each with cdnow or allmusic even a quick google search to find out of the year listed is when the band formed or began recording or whatever... some are strangely way off, like 1976 in music, which must have been a trascription error from List of musical events, cuz they were all wrong.Tokerboy

 * I think I added some of those early hits. I noticed the same thing as I was adding them. the source I was using had performers listed part of the time and only composers listed the rest of the time. I have no idea why. I corrected them where I could, but in many cases I've never heard of these songs. (I'm a wee bit too young I guess) It seems pretty hard to find a good source for "hits" of the early 1900s. - Jazz77

 * Hm. To some extent this reflects changes in the way the music industry works in different decades. In some ways it makes sense to list the composers early in the 20th century, as they were more associated with the tunes, and hits were compositions that were commonly covered by most of the popular artists of the day; as opposed to late 20th century where who performed it on a record became more associated with the song. Still, having "by (name)" mean one thing in some years and another thing elsewhere is inconsistant. Perhaps to avoid confusion we should always distinguish between the two, never simply saying "by" but rather "composed by" or "performed by" or "recorded by" as appropriate. -- Infrogmation  P.S.: Jazz77, what was the source you were using?

Okay, on checking, it seems that for years 1935 in music and before, the "by" consistantly lists composers; from 1936 in music on it lists the best known recording artists. -- Infrogmation 23:39 Feb 12, 2003 (UTC)

Possible misuse of talk page to communicate with music purchasers. To participate in the music industry rebate for overcharging for music, go to https://webform.musiccdsettlement.com/english/forms/. If you bought any kind of recorded music between January 1, 1995 and December 22, 2000, you are eligible under the Compact Disc Minimum Advertised Price Antitrust Litigation Settlement. Ortolan88 05:39 Feb 8, 2003 (UTC)
 * Weird... I just did this like ten minutes before you posted it... or did you look at the bartcop page I made right after and found the link there? I'm no democrat, but anyone that drinks that much tequila is cool by me. Tokerboy

No, we had been rummaging through last week's stack of papers looking for the Wall Street Journal with the article in it, but couldn't find it. Then I tried googling on "CD rebate" and got about 40 million hits, none about this settlement. Then one of the mailing lists I'm on sent it out, I forwarded it to all my buddies, then thought, what about my Wikipedia music buddies, and posted it here. Bartcop is new to me, but I like the looks of it. I am a seventh-generation Democrat, if not a very good one. Ortolan88

-

I have a burning question. Which of these should be used: Tokerboy
 * Joe Blow loves The Beatles and A Tribe Called Quest.
 * Joe Blow loves the Beatles and a Tribe Called Quest.

 * The words "The" and "A" are part of the name of the band. The first letter in the first word of a band's name is always capitalized, even if it's "the" or "a" or whatever (or if they're one of those arty bands who shuns capitalization).  So your answer is "Joe Blow loves The Beatles and A Tribe Called Quest". -- Goatasaur 23:48 Feb 15, 2003 (UTC)
 * If the words "The" and "A" or "An" are part of the name of the band, they should be capitalized. Figuring out if that is the case is the tricky business here.  Why do I think that it is The Drifters, but the Incredible String Band?  I guess the name of the article about the band is the place to make the decision. (You wouldn't say "the The", would you?  Ortolan88
 * OK, have added this to the standards.

Is there a consensus against using piped links for self-titled albums, as in "The New York Dolls released their self-titled debut in 1978"? I don't like it and think it should be spelled out. Tokerboy

 * Well, you could say, "The New York Dolls released their eponymic New York Dolls album" to end up with "The New York Dolls released their eponymic New York Dolls album." Ortolan88
 * I'll add it as a standard tomorrow or so unless someone wants to discuss it further. Tokerboy
 * Quicker is "The New York Dolls released their eponymic New York Dolls (album) album" . Koyaanis Qatsi 02:02 Feb 16, 2003 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Khan (title)

Khan is a historic Mongolic and Turkic title originating among nomadic tribes in the Central and Eastern Eurasian Steppe to refer to a king. It first appears among the Rouran and then the Göktürks as a variant of khagan (sovereign, emperor) and implied a subordinate ruler. In the Seljük Empire, it was the highest noble title, ranking above malik (king) and emir (prince). In the Mongol Empire it signified the ruler of a horde (ulus), while the ruler of all the Mongols was the khagan or great khan. The title subsequently declined in importance. During the Safavid and Qajar dynasty it was the title of an army general high noble rank who ruling a province, and in Mughal India it was a high noble rank restricted to courtiers. After the downfall of the Mughals it was used promiscuously and became a surname. Khan and its female forms occur in many personal names, generally without any nobiliary of political relevance, although it remains a common part of noble names as well.

Etymology
The origin of the term is disputed and unknown, possibly a loanword from the Rouran language. A Turkic and Para-Mongolic origin has been suggested by a number of scholars including Ramstedt, Shiratori, Sinor and Doerfer, and was reportedly first used by the Xianbei.

Dybo (2007) suggests that the ultimate etymological root of Khagan/Khan comes from the Middle Iranian *hva-kama- 'self-ruler, emperor', following the view of Benveniste 1966. Savelyev and Jeong 2020 note that both the etymological root for Khagan/Khan and its female equivalent "khatun" may be derived from Eastern Iranian languages, specifically from "Early Saka *hvatuñ, cf. the attested Soghdian words xwt'w 'ruler' (< *hva-tāvya-) and xwt'yn 'wife of the ruler' (< *hva-tāvyani)".

History
"Khan" is first encountered as a title in the Xianbei confederation for their chief between 283 and 289. The Rourans may have been the first people who used the titles khagan and khan for their emperors. However, Russian linguist Alexander Vovin (2007) believes that the term qaγan originated among the Xiongnu people, who were Yeniseian-speaking (according to Vovin), and then it diffused across language families. Subsequently, the Göktürks adopted the title and brought it to the rest of Asia. In the middle of the sixth century the Iranians knew of a "Kagan – King of the Turks".

Various Mongolic and Turkic peoples from Central Asia gave the title new prominence after period of the Mongol Empire (1206–1368) in the Old World and later brought the title "khan" into Northern Asia, where locals later adopted it. Khagan is rendered as Khan of Khans. It was the title of Chinese Emperor Emperor Taizong of Tang (Heavenly Khagan, reigned 626 to 649) and Genghis Khan's successors selected to rule the Mongol Empire starting from 1229. Genghis Khan himself was referred as qa'an (khagan) only posthumously. For instance Möngke Khan (reigned 1251–1259) and Ogedei Khan (reigned 1229–1241) would be "Khagans" but not Chagatai Khan, who was not proclaimed ruler of the Mongol Empire by the Kurultai.

Ruling khans
Originally khans headed only relatively minor tribal entities, generally in or near the vast Mongolian and North Chinese steppe, the scene of an almost endless procession of nomadic people riding out into the history of the neighbouring sedentary regions. Some managed to establish principalities of some importance for a while, as their military might repeatedly proved a serious threat to empires in the Central Plain and Central Asia.

One of the earliest notable examples of such principalities in Europe was Danube Bulgaria (presumably also Old Great Bulgaria), ruled by a khan or a kan at least from the 7th to the 9th century. The title "khan" is not attested directly in inscriptions and texts referring to Bulgar rulers – the only similar title found so far, Kanasubigi, has been found solely in the inscriptions of three consecutive Bulgarian rulers, namely Krum, Omurtag and Malamir (a grandfather, son and grandson). Starting from the compound, non-ruler titles that were attested among Bulgarian noble class such as kavkhan (vicekhan), tarkhan, and boritarkhan, scholars derive the title khan or kan for the early Bulgarian leader – if there was a vicekhan (kavkhan) there was probably a "full" khan, too. Compare also the rendition of the name of early Bulgarian ruler Pagan as Καμπαγάνος (Kampaganos), likely resulting from a misinterpretation of "Kan Pagan", in Patriarch Nicephorus's so-called Breviarium. In general, however, the inscriptions as well as other sources designate the supreme ruler of Danube Bulgaria with titles that exist in the language in which they are written – archontes, meaning 'commander or magistrate' in Greek, and knyaz, meaning "duke" or "prince" in Slavic. Among the best known Bulgar khans were: Khan Kubrat, founder of Great Bulgaria; Khan Asparukh, founder of Danubian Bulgaria (today's Bulgaria); Khan Tervel, who defeated the Arab invaders in 718 Siege of Constantinople (718), thus stopped the Arab invasion in Southeast Europe; Khan Krum, "the Fearsome". "Khan" was the official title of the ruler until 864 AD, when Knyaz Boris (known also as Tsar Boris I) adopted the Eastern Orthodox faith.

The title Khan rose to unprecedented prominence with the Mongol Temüjin's creation of the Mongol empire, the largest contiguous empire in history, which he ruled as Genghis Khan. Before 1229 the title was used to designate leaders of important tribes as well as tribal confederations (the Mongol Empire considered the largest one), and rulers of non-Mongol countries. Shortly before the death of the Genghis Khan, his sons became khans in different dominions (ulus) and the title apparently became unsuitable for the supreme ruler of the empire, needing a more exalted one. Being under Uighur cultural influence, Mongols adopted the title of khagan starting with Ögedei Khan in 1229.

Emperors of the Ming dynasty also used the term Xan to denote brave warriors and rulers. The title Khan was used to designate the greatest rulers of the Jurchens, who, later when known as the Manchus, founded the Qing dynasty.

Once more, there would be numerous khanates in the steppe in and around Central Asia, often more of a people than a territorial state, e.g.:
 * in present Kazakhstan, of the Kazakhs (founded 1465; since 1601 divided into three geographical Jüz or Hordes, each under a mirza, bey, or subordinate khan); it was briefly united by rulers like Abu'l-Khair Muhammed and Tauke Muhammed, but after 1748 it split into three different khanates again; it was eliminated by the Russian Empire in 1847.
 * in present Kyrgyzstan, the Кыргыз хандыгы was established by Ormon Khan in 1842, collapsing after his death in 1854.
 * in present Uzbekistan, the main khanate, named after its capital Bukhara, was founded in 1500 and restyled emirate in 1753 (after three Persian governors since 1747); the Ferghana (valley's) khanate broke way from it by 1694 and became known as the Khanate of Kokand after its capital Kokand from its establishment in 1732; the khanate of Khwarezm, dating from c.1500, became the Khanate of Khiva in 1804 but fell soon under Russian protectorate; Karakalpakstan had its own rulers (khans?) since c. 1600.

While most Afghan principalities were styled emirate, there was a khanate of ethnic Uzbeks in Badakhshan since 1697.

Khan was also the title of the rulers of various break-away states and principalities later in Persia, e.g. 1747–1808 Khanate of Ardabil (in northwestern Iran east of Sarab and west of the southwest corner of the Caspian Sea-Mazandaran and Gorgan provinces), 1747–1813 Khanate of Khoy (northwestern Iran, north of Lake Urmia, between Tabriz and Lake Van), 1747–1829 Khanate of Maku (in extreme northwestern Iran, northwest of Khoy, and 60 miles south of Yerevan, Armenia), 1747–1790s Khanate of Sarab (northwestern Iran east of Tabriz), 1747 – c.1800 Khanate of Tabriz (capital of Iranian Azerbaijan).

There were various small khanates in and near Transcaucasia and Ciscaucasia established by the Safavids, or their successive Afsharid and Qajar dynasties outside their territories of Persia proper. For example, in present Armenia and nearby territories to the left and right, there was the khanate of Erivan (sole incumbent 1807–1827 Hosein Quli Khan Qajar). Diverse khanates existed in Dagestan (now part of Russia), Azerbaijan, including Baku (present capital), Ganja, Jawad, Quba (Kuba), Salyan, Shakki (Sheki, ruler style Bashchi since 1743) and Shirvan=Shamakha (1748–1786 temporarily split into Khoja Shamakha and Yeni Shamakha), Talysh (1747–1814); Nakhichevan and (Nagorno) Karabakh.

As hinted above, the title Khan was also common in some of the polities of the various – generally Islamic – peoples in the territories of the Mongol Golden Horde and its successor states, which, like the Mongols in general, were commonly called Ta(r)tars by Europeans and Russians, and were all eventually subdued by Muscovia which became the Russian Empire. The most important of these states were:
 * Khanate of Kazan (the Mongol term khan became active since Genghizide dynasty was settled in Kazan Duchy in 1430s).
 * Sibir Khanate (giving its name to Siberia as the first significant conquest during Russia's great eastern expansion across the Ural range)
 * Astrakhan Khanate
 * Crimean Khanate.

Further east, in Xinjiang flank:
 * Khanate of Kashgaria founded in 1514; 17th century divided into several minor khanates without importance, real power going to the so-called Khwaja, Arabic Islamic religious leaders; title changed to Amir Khan in 1873, annexed by the Qing dynasty in 1877.

Compound and derived princely titles

The higher, rather imperial title Khaqan ("Khan of Khans") applies to probably the most famous rulers known as Khan: the Mongol imperial dynasty of Genghis Khan (his name was Temüjin, Genghis Khan a never fully understood unique title), and his successors, especially grandson Kublai Khan: the former founded the Mongol Empire and the latter founded the Yuan Dynasty in China. The ruling descendants of the main branch of Genghis Khan's dynasty are referred to as the Great Khans.

The title Khan of Khans was among numerous titles used by the Sultans of the Ottoman empire as well as the rulers of the Golden Horde and its descendant states. The title Khan was also used in the Seljuk Turk dynasties of the near-east to designate a head of multiple tribes, clans or nations, who was below an Atabeg in rank. Jurchen and Manchu rulers also used the title Khan (Han in Manchu); for example, Nurhaci was called Genggiyen Han. Rulers of the Göktürks, Avars and Khazars used the higher title Kaghan, as rulers of distinct nations.
 * Gur Khan, meaning supreme or universal Khan, was the ruler of the Khitan Kara-Kitai, and has occasionally been used by the Mongols as well
 * Ilkhan, both a generic term for a 'provincial Khan' and traditional royal style for one of the four khanates in Genghis's succession, based in Persia. See the main article for more details.
 * Khan-i-Khanan (, "Lord of Lords") was a title given to the commander-in-chief of the army of the Mughals, an example being Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana of the great Mughal emperor, Akbar's (and later his son Jahangir's) army.
 * Khan Sahib Shri Babi was the complex title of the ruler of the Indian princely state of Bantva-Manavadar (state founded 1760; September 1947 acceded to Pakistan, but 15 February 1948 forced to rescind accession to Pakistan, to accede to India after Khan Sahib's arrest).
 * In southern Korean states, the word Han or Gan, meaning "leader", could be origin of word khan according to Turkic history textbook. Geoseogan or Geoseulhan, the title of Hyeokgeose of Silla means "leader of leaders" and "king" in language of Jinhan confederacy. He was leader of Saro State, one of the chiefdoms of the Jinhan confederacy in 37 BC. After Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, totally united them under a now hereditary king, titled Maripgan, meaning the 'head of kings' (e.g. King Naemul Maripgan).
 * Khatun, or Khatan – a title of Iranian Sogdian origin   – is roughly equal to a King's queen in Mongolic and Turkic languages, as by this title a ruling Khan's Queen-consort (wife) is designated with similar respect after their proclamation as Khan and Khatun. Also used in Khazar (instead of Khanum). Famous Khatuns include:
 * Töregene Khatun
 * Habba Khatun
 * Khanum (Hanım; Xanım; ) is another female derivation of Khan, notably in Turkic languages, for a Khan's Queen-consort, or in some traditions extended as a courtesy title (a bit like Lady for women not married to a Lord, which is the situation modern Turkish) to the wives of holders of various other (lower) titles. In mostly Persian-speaking Afghanistan, it ended up as the common term for 'Miss', any unmarried woman; in the Iranian Persian language it is used to address any woman respectfully, as in 'Ms. Smith' / 'Khanum-e Smith'. In the modern Kazakh language, Khatun is a derogatory term for women, while Khanum has a respectful meaning.
 * Khan Bahadur (title) - a compound of khan (leader) and Bahadur (Brave) - was a formal title of respect and honour, which was conferred exclusively on Muslim subjects of the British Indian Empire.[1] It was a title one degree higher than the title of Khan Sahib.
 * The compound Galin Khanum – literally, "lady bride" – was the title accorded to the principal noble wife of a Qajar
 * Khanzada is a title conferred to princes of the dynasties of certain princely states of India.  The word also transliterates to "prince" in the Uzbek and Kazakh languages and was used by these Central Asian peoples to honor their princes.
 * Sardargarh-Bantva (Muslim Babi dynasty, fifth class state in Kathiawar, Gujarat) in front of the personal name, Shri in between; the ruler replaces Khanzada by khan.
 * Kanasubigi or Kana subigi, as it is written in Bulgarian Greek inscriptions, was a title of the Bulgars. Among the proposed translations for the phrase kanasubigi as a whole are lord of the army, from the reconstructed Turkic phrase *sü begi, paralleling the attested Old Turkic sü baši, and, more recently, "(ruler) from God", from the Indo-European *su- and baga-, i.e. *su-baga (an equivalent of the Greek phrase ὁ ἐκ Θεοῦ ἄρχων, ho ek Theou archon, which is common in Bulgar inscriptions)
 * Kavhan or Kaukhan was one of the most important officials in the First Bulgarian Empire. According to the generally accepted opinion, he was the second most important person in the state after the Bulgarian ruler. Owais Khan was also believed a Great Khan but no evidences about him are founded.
 * Beg Khan (a concatenation of Baig and Khan) is a title used by some Mughals and Mongols.

Noble and honorary titles
In imperial Persia, Khan (female form Khanum in Persia) was the title of a nobleman, higher than Beg (or bey) and usually used after the given name. At the Qajar court, precedence for those not belonging to the dynasty was mainly structured in eight classes, each being granted an honorary rank title, the fourth of which was Khan, or in this context synonymously Amir, granted to commanders of armed forces, provincial tribal leaders; in descending order. In neighboring Ottoman Turkey and subsequently the Republic of Turkey, the term Khanum was and is still written as Hanım in Turkish/Ottoman Turkish language. The Ottoman title of Hanımefendi (lit translated; lady of the master), is also a derivative of this.

The titles Khan and Khan Bahadur (from the Altaic root baghatur), related to the Turkic batyr or batur and Mongolian baatar ("brave, hero"); were also bestowed in feudal India by the Mughals, who although Muslims were of Turkic origin upon Muslims and awarded this title to Hindus generals in army particularly in Gaud or Bengal region during Muslim rulers, and later by the British Raj, as an honor akin to the ranks of nobility, often for loyalty to the crown. Khan Sahib was another title of honour.

In the major Indian Muslim state of Hyderabad, Khan was the lowest of the aristocratic titles bestowed by the ruling Nizam upon Muslim retainers, ranking under Khan Bahadur, Nawab (homonymous with a high Muslim ruler's title), Jang, Daula, Mulk, Umara, Jah. The equivalent for the courts Hindu retainers was Rai. In Swat, a Pakistani Frontier State, it was the title of the secular elite, who together with the Mullahs (Muslim clerics), proceeded to elect a new Amir-i-Shariyat in 1914. It seems unclear whether the series of titles known from the Bengal sultanate are merely honorific or perhaps relate to a military hierarchy.

Other uses
Like many titles, the meaning of the term has also extended southwards into South Asian countries, and Central Asian nations, where it has become a common surname.

Khan and its female forms occur in many personal names, generally without any nobiliary of political relevance, although it remains a common part of noble names as well. Notably in South Asia it has become a part of many South Asian Muslim names, especially when Pashtun (also known as Afghan) descent is claimed. It is also used by many Muslim Rajputs of Indian subcontinent who were awarded this surname by Turkic Mughals for their bravery. and it's widely used by Baloch and Awan tribes.

Khan-related terms

 * Khanzadeh (Xanzadä) – a prince, khan's son
 * Khanbikeh (Xanbikä) – a queen, khan's wife
 * Khanbaliq (or Dadu) – Yuan capital which later developed into modern Beijing.
 * Il khan
 * Bogda Khan
 * Khan of Heaven
 * Khatun, Khanum – female equivalent of Khan or title of women of the Khan's family

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Amol Sarva
This is an automated message from CorenSearchBot. I have performed a web search with the contents of Amol Sarva, and it appears to include a substantial copy of http://www.drownout.com/as. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material; such additions will be deleted. You may use external websites as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences.

This message was placed automatically, and it is possible that the bot is confused and found similarity where none actually exists. If that is the case, you can remove the tag from the article and it would be appreciated if you could drop a note on the maintainer's talk page. CorenSearchBot (talk) 15:20, 15 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Don;t worry about the bot, I had a look, and the material is copyleft, so its cool. I am not sure about how exactly the copyleft works with material brought to wikipedia from other websites, though, so some rewriting or inline sourcing may be in order. TomStar81 (Talk) 15:30, 15 August 2008 (UTC)

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Welcome from me too. I saw your update to Edward Elgar. I considered making the same change, but I abstained on the grounds that I think LoHG is the English National Anthem in the sense that it is played at the medals ceremony of the Commonwealth Games for English gold medallists. You may need to prepare yourself for flak from nationalists from the Celtic fringe :-) -- Alan Peakall 18:45 Feb 26, 2003 (UTC)

Thanks for that Alan. However, facts are facts and bugger the Celtic nationalists! ( :-) Hey, I've got Irish and Scottish blood myself, so no offence meant). I don't think the choices of sporting administrators count for much, personally.

My reason for adding the singles list is expediency. When I went to research this material on the web, I got way bogged down in heavily-graphic-laden pages. By posting the singles list in simple text format, I could provide much easier, quicker and, actually, safer access to the information. I appreciate your concern, but also appreciate the fact that wikipedia provides a mean for fast information retrieval without all the garbage that the rest of the web tries to force on us!

--user:jaknouse

Hi PJT! Just doing some disambiguating, and came across your Steve Winwood article in progress -- since you hadn't worked on it in a month, I wanted to know if you plan to continue? Thanks, Catherine

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Swagman

A swagman (also called a swaggie, sundowner or tussocker) was a transient labourer who travelled by foot from farm to farm carrying his belongings in a swag. The term originated in Australia in the 19th century and was later used in New Zealand.

Swagmen were particularly common in Australia during times of economic uncertainty, such as the 1890s and the Great Depression of the 1930s. Many unemployed men travelled the rural areas of Australia on foot, their few meagre possessions rolled up and carried in their swag. Their swag was frequently referred to as "Matilda", hence Waltzing Matilda refers to walking with their swag. Typically, they would seek work in farms and towns they travelled through, and in many cases the farmers, if no permanent work was available, would provide food and shelter in return for some menial task.

The figure of the "jolly swagman", represented most famously in Banjo Paterson's bush poem "Waltzing Matilda", became a folk hero in 19th-century Australia, and is still seen today as a symbol of anti-authoritarian values that Australians considered to be part of the national character.

Etymology
In the early 1800s, the term swag was used by British thieves to describe any amount of stolen goods. One definition given in Francis Grose's 1811 Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue is "any booty you have lately obtained,.... To carry the swag is to be the bearer of the stolen goods to a place of safety." James Hardy Vaux, a convict in Australia, used the term for similar purposes in his memoirs written in 1812 and published in 1819. By the 1830s, the term in Australia had transferred from meaning goods acquired by a thief to the possessions and daily necessaries carried by a bushman. The compound swagman and colloquial variation swaggie first appeared in the 1850s during the Australian gold rushes, alongside less common terms such as bundleman. New Zealanders adopted the term in the 1880s, where swagmen were also known as swaggers. Swagger also originated in Australia, but became obsolete there by the 1890s.

History
Before motor transport became common, the Australian wool industry was heavily dependent on itinerant shearers who carried their swags from farm to farm (called properties or "stations" in Australia), but would not in general have taken kindly to being called "swagmen". Outside of the shearing season their existence was frugal, and this possibly explains the tradition (of past years) of sheep stations in particular providing enough food to last until the next station even when no work was available. Some were especially noted for their hospitality, such as Canowie Station in South Australia which around 1903 provided over 2,000 sundowners each year with their customary two meals and a bed.

A romanticised figure, the swagman is famously referred to in the song "Waltzing Matilda", by Banjo Paterson, which tells of a swagman who turns to stealing a sheep from the local squatter.

The economic depressions of the 1860s and 1890s saw an increase in these itinerant workers. During these periods it was seen as 'mobilising the workforce'. At one point it was rumoured that a "Matilda Waltzers' Union" had been formed to give representation to swagmen at the Federation of Australia in 1901.

During the early years of the 1900s, the introduction of the pension and the dole reduced the numbers of swagmen to those who preferred the free lifestyle. During World War I many were called up for duty and fought at Gallipoli as ANZACs. The song "And The Band Played Waltzing Matilda" tells the story of a swagman who fought at Gallipoli.

The numbers of swagmen have declined over the 20th century, but still rising in times of economic depression. Swagmen remain a romantic icon of Australian history and folklore.

Swags are still heavily used, particularly in Australia, by overlanders and campers. There are still a large number of manufacturers actively making both standard and custom-design swags.

Lifestyle
Swagmen were often victims of circumstance who had found themselves homeless. Others were rovers by choice, or else they were on the run from police (bushrangers). Many were European or Asian migrants seeking fortune on the goldfields. One such swagman was Welshman Joseph Jenkins, who travelled throughout Victoria between 1869 and 1894, documenting his experiences in daily diary entries and through poetry. Swagmen ranged in age from teenagers to the elderly. Socialist leader John A. Lee's time as a swagman while a teenager informed his political writing, and also featured directly in some of his other books. Novelist Donald Stuart also began his life as a swagman at age 14. Several of his novels follow the lives of swagmen and aborigines in the Kimberley and Pilbara regions of Western Australia. Many swagmen interacted with aborigines along their travels; bushwear designer RM Williams spent his latter teen years as a swagman travelling across the Nullarbor Plain, picking up bushcraft and survival skills from local Aboriginal tribes such as cutting mulga, tracking kangaroos and finding water.

At times they would have been seen in and around urban areas looking for work or a handout. Most eyewitness descriptions of swagmen were written during the period when the country was 'riding on the sheep's back'. At this time, rovers were offered rations at police stations as an early form of the dole payment. They roamed the countryside finding work as sheep shearers or as farm hands. Not all were hard workers. Some swagmen known as sundowners would arrive at homesteads or stations at sundown when it was too late to work, taking in a meal and disappearing before work started the next morning. The New Zealand equivalent of a sundowner was known as a tussocker.

Most existed with few possessions as they were limited by what they could carry. Generally they had a swag (canvas bedroll), a tucker bag (bag for carrying food) and some cooking implements which may have included a billy can (tea pot or stewing pot). They carried flour for making damper and sometimes some meat for a stew.

In Henry Lawson's short story The Romance of the Swag, he describes in detail how to make a dinky-die Aussie swag. Lawson states,"Travelling with the swag in Australia is variously and picturesquely described as "humping bluey", "walking Matilda", "humping Matilda", "humping your drum", "being on the wallaby", "jabbing trotters", and "tea and sugar burglaring".

Swagmen travelled with fellow 'swaggies' for periods, walking where they had to go, hitch hiking or stowing aboard cargo trains to get around. They slept on the ground next to a campfire, in hollowed out trees or under bridges.

Popular culture
In the 19th century, Australian bush poetry grew in popularity alongside an emerging sense of Australian nationalism. The swagman was venerated in poetry and literature as symbolic of Australian nationalistic and egalitarian ideals. Popular poems about swagmen include Henry Lawson's Out Back (1893) and Shaw Neilson's The Sundowner (1908). In 1902, Barbara Baynton published a collection of short stories titled Bush Studies. The final story, "The Chosen Vessel" (1896), gives an account of a woman alone in a bush dwelling, where she is preyed upon and eventually raped and murdered by a passing swagman. This was in stark contrast to traditional bush lore, where swagmen are depicted in distinctly romantic terms. Swagmen were also prominent in the works of those associated with the Jindyworobak Movement, including poet Roland Robinson, who was a swagman for much of his life before World War II.

Coinciding with trends in 19th-century Australian literature, swagmen were popular subjects of contemporary painters and illustrators. Drawings of swagmen, itinerant bush workers, rural nomads and other men "on the wallaby" were prevalent in newspapers and picturesque atlases. ST Gill and James Alfred Turner popularised the open-air life of the swagman. By the 1880s, swagmen featured in the works of Tom Roberts, Walter Withers, Arthur Streeton, Frederick McCubbin, and other artists associated with the Melbourne-based Heidelberg School, which is customarily held to be the first distinctly Australian movement in Western art and the "golden age of national idealism" in Australian painting.

Swagmen and other characters of the bush were popular subjects of the silent film era of Australian cinema. Raymond Longford's 1914 The Swagman's Story starred Lottie Lyell. 1936's The Flying Doctor was directed by Miles Mander and starred Charles Farrell as a swagman travelling through the Blue Mountains towards Sydney. Swagmen have been the subject of numerous books including the 1955 novel The Shiralee by D'Arcy Niland, which was made into a 1957 film, starring Peter Finch (who himself lived as a swagman during early adulthood ), and a 1987 TV mini-series, starring Bryan Brown. Norman Kaye played the role of a swagman in the 1976 bushranger film Mad Dog Morgan. Arthur Upfield wrote a number of novels about swagmen including Death of a Swagman (1942), The Bushman Who Came Back (1957) and Madman's Bend (1963). In the 1981 film adaptation of Ethel Pedley's 1899 children's book Dot and the Kangaroo, a magical swagman helps Dot find Mother Kangaroo's lost joey. The Scottish singer-songwriter Alistair Hulett wrote a song about the 'swaggies' called "The Swaggies Have All Waltzed Matilda Away".

In the 1946 Sherlock Holmes film Dressed to Kill, a tune called "The Swagman", heard on an old music box, plays an important role in solving the mystery.

The Australian Batman villain Swagman derives his name from the term, but takes more conceptual inspiration from Australian bushranger Ned Kelly, who wore a suit of bulletproof armour during his final shootout with Australian law enforcement.

List of swagman bush ballads

 * "Australia's on the Wallaby"
 * "Four Little Johnny Cakes"
 * "Humping Old Bluey"
 * "My Old Black Billy"
 * "The Old Bark Hut"
 * "The Ramble-eer"
 * "The Reedy Lagoon"
 * "Snake Gully Swagger"
 * "Waltzing Matilda"
 * "With My Swag on My Shoulder"

title: Swagman


text:
Talk:Submissive

Redireting?
Can I redirect this to Bottom (BDSM) ? No, this page is different and psychological in scope.

Article should be expanded
I understand the need for this article to distinguish it from submissive (BDSM) but the article should be expanded past a dict def. Pascal.Tesson 15:04, 29 January 2007 (UTC) Expanded as of January 2008.

"Taken in hand" subculture? WTF is that?
Does anyone know what that stands for? The article is a stub and I have never heard of it. 92.226.92.221 (talk) 08:33, 15 March 2009 (UTC)

Yeah, it's a male-dominant heterosexual lifestyle movement...kind of a light S&M thing from the sound of it. Involves wife submission and disciplinary spanking that isn't supposed to be 100% sexual but looks like it's more sexual than some of its practitioners want may want to admit publicly, as there seems to be a large contingent of social conservative/fundamentalist Christian members within the Taken in Hand movement. Their website's the first Google result for "taken in hand". I'm kind of surprised there isn't already a Wikipedia article on it. Whiteguy (talk) 06:09, 18 April 2009 (UTC)

Where's article on "Submissiveness"?!!
Specific "Submissiveness" article needed, HUGE subject; - animals / sociology, etc., links to things like Milgram, etc.; surprisingly missing article in Wiki., disambiguation page doesn't do it. Meaning in BDSM is VERY different animal than general subject, maybe keep link(s). (Adding template "split")

bdsm curious
hello i would like to be a part in your bdsm scenes, never spoke to anyone like this profesional before,seeking and searching, im 44 feel like im leaving my future behind,male, thankyou for reading this article ,ray.ɬɮɺ —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.194.7.7 (talk) 21:08, 16 August 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Submissive


text:
Talk:Ethnocentrism

"English bias" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=English_bias&redirect=no English bias] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. Fork99 (talk) 17:20, 30 August 2023 (UTC)

Missing Citations
I believe that the article would benefit from including the missing citations under "Effects of ethnocentrism in the media" and "Film" as the information mentioned is unsourced. Dhabyaalsuwaidi (talk) 15:37, 26 October 2023 (UTC)

suggestions/dana
The piece might offer a deeper examination of the good sides of ethnocentrism, such as its significance in maintaining cultural identity and variety, even though it only briefly touches on them. Providing readers with authentic instances of ethnocentrism in a range of settings, such as media and films, would relate the subject and increase reader interest. To provide readers the most recent knowledge of ethnocentrism and its ramifications in modern society, it would also be beneficial to include research findings and studies on the subject. The article's educational value might also be increased by including solutions for overcoming ethnocentrism and advancing diversity, tolerance, and cultural understanding. In this way, readers would be equipped with useful advice and true success stories to counteract ethnocentrism in their own lives and communities. In short, although the piece provides a strong basis for understanding ethnocentrism, it may be made much better overall and have a greater educational impact by restructuring, adding additional examples, including latest research, and emphasizing practical solutions. Danaalmeer (talk) 09:36, 28 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ethnocentrism


text:
Happy Family (American TV series)

Happy Family is an American sitcom television series created by Moses Port and David Guarascio, that aired on NBC from September 9, 2003, until April 20, 2004.

Premise
John Larroquette and Christine Baranski star as Peter and Annie Brennan, soon-to-be empty nesters who could not be happier about it. But when their youngest son Tim (Tyler Francavilla) flunks out of community college, Peter and Annie cannot escape the duties of parenthood. Their eldest son, Todd (Jeff Bryan Davis) decides to dump his fiancée only days before the wedding. Their daughter Sara (Melanie Paxson), while having a successful career, cannot find or keep a man and instead socializes with her parrot. If that isn't enough, after Tim drops out of college he moves in with Maggie, a divorced middle-aged family friend and neighbor, and announces that they are dating. Peter and Annie are constantly trying to find time without the kids and their problems, but while trying to maintain a happy family image, they end up involved with their kids more than ever.

Cast

 * John Larroquette as Peter Brennan
 * Christine Baranski as Annie Brennan
 * Susan Gibney as Maggie Harris
 * Tyler Francavilla as Tim Brennan
 * Melanie Paxson as Sara Brennan
 * Jeff Bryan Davis as Todd Brennan

Episodes
Every episode of the series was directed by Pamela Fryman.

Ratings
All U.S. ratings of Happy Family are available on TV Tango.

title: Happy Family (American TV series)