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 96 farther off than London. But I hope that France and England will henceforth be as one country and their arts one, and that you will ere long be erecting monuments in Paris—emblems of peace.

My wife joins with me in love to you and Mrs. Flaxman.—I remain, yours sincerely,

.

I have just seen Weller. All your friends in the south are willing to await your leisure for works of marble, but Weller says it would soothe and comfort the good sister and the upright Mr. D. to see a little sketch from your hand. Adio.

22.

To Thomas Butts.

10th January 1802.

,—Your very kind and affectionate letter, and the many kind things you have said in it, called upon me for an immediate answer; but it found my wife and myself so ill, and my wife so very ill, that till now I have not been able to do this duty. The ague and rheumatism have been almost constant enemies, which she has combated in vain almost ever since we have been here; and her sickness is always my sorrow, of course. But

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 Rh what you tell me about your sight afflicted me not a little, and that about your health, in another part of your letter, makes me entreat you to take due care of both. It is a part of our duty to God and man to take due care of His gifts; and though we ought not to think more highly of ourselves, yet we ought to think as highly of ourselves as immortals ought to think.

When I came down here, I was more sanguine than I am at present; but it was because I was ignorant of many things which have since occurred, and chiefly the unhealthiness of the place. Yet I do not repent of coming on a thousand accounts; and Mr. H[ayley], I doubt not, will do ultimately all that both he and I wish—that is, to lift me out of difficulty. But this is no easy matter to a man who, having spiritual enemies of such formidable magnitude, cannot expect to want natural hidden ones.

Your approbation of my pictures is a multitude to me, and I doubt not that all your kind wishes in my behalf shall in due time be fulfilled. Your kind offer of pecuniary assistance I can only thank you for at present, because I have enough to serve my present purpose here. Our expenses are small, and our income, from our incessant labour, fully adequate to them at present. I am now engaged in engraving six small plates for a new edition of


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 98 Mr. Hayley's Triumphs of Temper, from drawings by Maria Flaxman, sister to my friend the sculptor. And it seems that other things will follow in course, if I do but copy these well. But patience! If great things do not turn out, it is because such things depend on the spiritual and not on the natural world; and if it was fit for me, I doubt not that I should be employed in greater things; and when it is proper, my talents shall be properly exercised in public, and hope they are now in private. For, till then, I leave no stone unturned, and no path unexplored that leads to improvement in my beloved arts. One thing of real consequence I have accomplished by coming into the country, which is to me consolation enough: namely, I have recollected all my scattered thoughts on art, and resumed my primitive and original ways of execution, in both painting and engraving, which in the confusion of London I had very much lost and obliterated from my mind. But whatever


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Rh Æschines and others to bribe the guards? Then the restless gadfly would flee from Athens to the barbarians in Thessaly, or to the Peloponnesus, or, still farther, to Egypt; Athens would no longer hear his blasphemous speeches; his death would not weigh upon the conscience of the worthy citizens, and so everything would end for the best of all.

Thus said many to themselves that evening, while aloud they praised the wisdom of the demos and the heliasts. In secret, however, they cherished the hope that the restless philosopher would leave Athens, fly from the hemlock to the barbarians, and so free the Athenians of his troublesome presence and of the pangs of conscience that smote them for inflicting death upon an innocent man.

Two and thirty times since that evening had the sun risen from the ocean and dipped down into it again. The ship had returned from Delos and lay in the harbour with sadly drooping sails, as if ashamed of its native city. The moon did not shine in the heavens, the sea heaved under a heavy fog, and on the hills lights peered through the obscurity like the eyes of men gripped by a sense of guilt.

The stubborn Socrates did not spare the conscience of the good Athenians.

"We part! You go home and I go to death," he said to the judges after the sentence had been pronounced. "I know not, my friends, which of us chooses the better lot!"

As the time had approached for the return of the ship, many of the citizens had begun to feel uneasy. Must that obstinate fellow really die? And they began to appeal to the consciences of Æschines, Phædo, and other pupils of Socrates, trying to urge them on to further efforts for their master.

"Will you permit your teacher to die?" they asked reproachfully in biting tones. "Or do you grudge the few coins it would take to bribe the guard?"

In vain Crito besought Socrates to take to flight, and complained that the public was upbraiding his disciples with lack of friendship and with avarice. The self-willed philosopher refused to gratify his pupils or the good people of Athens.

"Let us investigate," he said. "If it turns out that I must


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Portal talk:Catholic Church Encyclicals

Complete list
I have made a complete (or as complete as possible) list of Papal encyclicals since Benedict XIV at User:Beleg Tâl/Encyclicals, to help keep track of newly added encyclicals. Beleg Tâl (talk) 16:31, 3 December 2014 (UTC)
 * I have since merged the list into the portal. —Beleg Tâl (talk) 13:30, 30 October 2018 (UTC)

title: Portal talk:Catholic Church Encyclicals


text: Portal talk:Inquisition

title: Portal talk:Inquisition


text: Portal talk:Lutheranism

title: Portal talk:Lutheranism


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 As one result of the war, an addition was made to the territory comprised in Natal, consisting of a portion of what had previously been included in the Transvaal. The Natal government originally made two proposals for annexing new territory:—

The Imperial government decided to sanction only the first of these two proposals. For this course there were many reasons, the Transvaal territory annexed, or the greater part of it (the Vryheid district), having been only separated from the rest of Zululand in 1883 by a raid of armed Boers. “In handing over this district to the administration which controls the rest of Zululand, His Majesty’s government,” wrote Mr Chamberlain, under date March 1902, “feel that they are reuniting what ought never to have been separated.”

With regard, however, to the proposed transfer of territory from the Orange River Colony, the circumstances were different. “There is,” said Mr Chamberlain, “no such historical reason as exists in the case of Vryheid for making the transfer. On the contrary, the districts in question have invariably formed part of the state from which it is now proposed to sever them, and they are separated from Natal by mountains which form a well-defined natural boundary. In these circumstances, His Majesty’s government have decided to confine the territory to be transferred to the districts in the Transvaal.”

The districts added to Natal contained about 6000 white inhabitants (mostly Dutch), and some 92,000 natives, and had an area of nearly 7000 sq. m., so that this annexation meant an addition to the white population of Natal of about one-tenth, to her native population of about one-tenth also, and to her territory of about one-fourth. An act authorizing the annexation was passed during 1902 and the territories were formally transferred to Natal in January 1903.

The period following the war was succeeded by commercial depression, though in Natal it was not so severely felt as in other states of South Africa. The government met the crisis by renewed energy in harbour works, railway constructions and the development of the natural resources of the country. A railway to the Zululand coalfields

was completed in 1903, and in the same year a line was opened to Vryheid in the newly annexed territories. Natal further built several railway lines in the eastern half of the Orange River Colony, thus opening up new markets for her produce and facilitating her transit trade. Mr Chamberlain on his visit to South Africa came first to Natal, where he landed in the last days of 1902, and conferred with the leading colonists. In August 1903 the Hime ministry resigned and was succeeded by a cabinet under the premiership of Mr (afterwards Sir) George Sutton, the founder of the wattle industry in Natal and one of the pioneers in the coal-mining industry. In May 1905 Sir George Sutton was replaced by a coalition ministry under Mr C. J. Smythe, who had been colonial secretary under Sir Albert Hime. These somewhat frequent changes of ministry, characteristic of a country new to responsible government, reflected, chiefly, differences concerning the treatment of commercial questions and the policy to be adopted towards the natives. Towards those Dutch colonists who had joined the enemy during the war leniency was shown, all rebels being pardoned. The attitude of the natives both in Natal proper and in Zululand caused much disquiet. As early as July 1903 rumours were current that Dinizulu (a son of Cetywayo) was disaffected and the power he exercised as representative of the former royal house rendered his attitude a matter of great moment. Dinizulu, however, remained at the time quiescent, though the Zulus were in a state of excitement over incidents connected with the war, when they had been subject to raids by Boer commandoes, and on one occasion at least had retaliated in characteristic Zulu fashion. Unrest was also manifested among the natives west of the Tugela, but it was not at first cause for alarm. The chief concern of the Natal government was to remodel their native policy where it proved inadequate, especially in view of the growth of the movement for the federation of the South African colonies. During 1903–1904 a Native Affairs’ Commission, representative of all the states, obtained much evidence on the status and conditions of the natives. Its investigations pointed to the loosening of tribal ties and to the corresponding growth of a spirit of individual independence. Among its recommendations was the direct political representation of natives in the colonial legislatures on the New Zealand model, and the imposition of direct taxation upon natives, which should not be less than £1 a year payable by every adult male. The commission also called attention to the numerical insufficiency of magistrates and native commissioners in certain parts of Natal. With some of the recommendations the Natal commissioners disagreed; in 1905, however, an act was passed by the Natal legislature imposing a, poll-tax of £1 on all males over 18 in the colony, except indentured Indians and natives paying hut-tax (which was 14s. a year). Every European was bound to pay the tax. In 1906 a serious rebellion broke out in the colony, attributable ostensibly to the poll-tax, and spread to Zululand. It was suppressed by the colonial forces under Colonel (afterwards Sir) Duncan McKenzie, aided by a detachment of Transvaal volunteers. An incident which marked the beginning of this rebellion brought the Natal ministry into sharp conflict with the Imperial government (the Campbell-Bannerman administration). Early in the year a farmer who had insisted that the Kaffirs on his farm should pay the poll-tax was murdered, and on the 8th of February some forty natives in the Richmond district forcibly resisted the collection of the tax and killed a sub-inspector of police and a trooper at Byrnetown. Two of the natives implicated were court-martialled and shot (February 15); others were subsequently arrested and tried by court martial. Nineteen were sentenced to death, but in the case of seven of the prisoners the sentence was commuted. On the day before that

fixed for the execution Lord Elgin, then Secretary of State for the Colonies, intervened and directed the governor to postpone the execution of the sentence. Thereupon the Natal ministry resigned, giving as their reason the importance of maintaining the authority of the colonial administration at a critical period, and the constitutional question involved in the interference by the imperial authorities in the domestic affairs of a self-governing colony. The action of the British cabinet caused both astonishment and indignation throughout South Africa and in the other self-governing states of the empire. After a day’s delay, during which Sir Henry McCallum reiterated his concurrence, already made known in London, in the justice of the sentence passed on the natives, Lord Elgin gave way (March 30). The Natal ministry thereupon remained in office. The guilty natives were shot on the 2nd of April. It was at this time that Bambaata, a chief in the Greytown district who had been deposed for misconduct, kidnapped the regent appointed in his stead. He was pursued and escaped to Zululand, where he received considerable help. He was killed in battle in June, and by the close of July the rebellion was at an end. As has been stated, it was ostensibly attributable to the poll-tax, but the causes were more deep-seated. Though somewhat obscure they may be found in the

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 anxiety appeared until he was taken ill after bathing at Kingston House, near Abingdon, and died six days later, 14 Aug. 1868. He was buried near his younger son in the Roman catholic cemetery at Fulham. He was survived by his widow and three children. Higgins was six feet eight in height, and was a man of noble and amiable presence. Portraits by Sir Francis Grant, in which a toy-terrier was introduced by Landseer, and one by Reginald Cholmondeley are in possession of his family. A photograph of Grant's portrait is prefixed to his memoir.

Higgins was famous for his skill in newspaper correspondence. His talents were, he said, first revealed to him through the impression made on the committee of his club by a letter complaining of a bad dinner which he had drafted for a friend. His first published article, called 'Jacob Omnium, the Merchant Prince,' a satire on mercantile dishonesty, appeared in the 'New Monthly Magazine' for August 1845. He frequently used the name or the initials of his hero, and is generally known by it. His writings brought him the acquaintance of Thackeray, who dedicated to him the 'Adventures of Philip' in 1862. Thackeray's ballad on 'Jacob Omnium's Hoss' commemorates his friend's assault upon the Palace Court, which was abolished in consequence. Higgins's letters to the 'Times,' under various signatures, such as 'Civilian,' 'Paterfamilias,' 'Mother of Six,' 'A Thirsty Soul,' &c., always commanded notice, and exposed many abuses. His connection with the 'Times' was ended by a dispute in 1863. His letters, supported by articles, had led to a court-martial upon Colonel Crawley for oppressive treatment of a sergeant. The colonel was fully acquitted; the 'Times' was converted to his side; made difficulties about admitting a letter of self-defence from Higgins; published a severe reply to it, and then closed the discussion. Higgins privately printed his correspondence with the proprietor of the 'Times' upon the occasion. Higgins wrote other articles in the 'Edinburgh Review,' and especially in the 'Cornhill,' edited by his friend Thackeray. When the 'Pall Mall Gazette' was started, he showed especial skill in writing the 'Occasional Notes,' which were then a comparative novelty. In controversy Higgins had in the highest degree the journalist's faculty of presenting his case tersely and going straight to the main points.

Higgins published: In 1856 he printed privately some of his articles as 'Social Sketches.' These were published in 1875 (with some additions) as 'Essays on Social Subjects,' with an excellent memoir by Sir William Stirling-Maxwell.
 * 1) 'Is Cheap Sugar the Triumph of Free Trade?' a letter to Lord John Russell, by Jacob Omnium, 1847. This was followed in 1848 by a second letter with the same title, and 'a third letter to Lord John Russell … with an appendix.'
 * 2) 'Cheap Sugar means Cheap Slaves,' 1848.
 * 3) 'The real bearings of the West India Question,' by Jacob Omnium, 1848.
 * 4) 'Light Horse,' 1855.
 * 5) 'A Letter on Administrative Reform,' 1855.
 * 6) 'Letters on Military Education,' 1855 and 1856.
 * 7) 'Letters on Army Reform,' 1855 (?) (the last four reprinted from the 'Times,' and described as by Jacob Omnium).
 * 8) 'Three Letters to the Editor of the "Cornhill Magazine" on Public Education; by Paterfamilias,' 1861; republished in 1865 with essay from the 'Edinburgh Review.'
 * 9) 'The Story of the Mhow Court-martial … by J. O.' (reprinted from the 'Cornhill' of November 1863), 1864.

HIGGINS, WILLIAM (d. 1825), chemist, born in co. Sligo, was the nephew of, M.D. [q. v.] He entered Pembroke College, Oxford, but did not matriculate in the university. After working with his uncle for a while, he left him in consequence of some disagreement. In 1789 he published at London ‘A Comparative View of the Phlogistic and Antiphlogistic Theories, with Inductions’ (2nd edit. 1791), in which he was clearly the first to enunciate the law of multiple proportions. Dalton, about 1802, adopted independently a similar hypothesis. Higgins made an unworthy attack upon Dalton in a treatise entitled ‘Experiments and Observations on the Atomic Theory and Electrical Phenomena,’ 8vo, Dublin, 1814, in which he set forth his superior claims to be considered the author of the atomic theory. In 1791 Higgins was appointed chemist to the Apothecaries' Company of Ireland, a post which he vacated in 1795 to become chemist and librarian to the Royal Dublin Society. Under act of parliament his office was raised about 1800 to the dignity of a professorial chair. On 12 June 1806 he was elected F.R.S., but never presented himself for admission (, Hist. of Roy. Soc. App. iv. lxviii). Higgins died in 1825. He was a man of eccentric, indolent habits. His style of lecturing was very quaint, and many anecdotes are told about him. To vol. i. pt. i. of the ‘Transactions’ of the Dublin Society for 1800 he contributed ‘An Essay on the Sulphuret of Lime as a substitute for Potash; or a New Method of Bleaching.’ He published also ‘A Syllabus of a Course of Chemistry for the year 1802,’ 8vo, Dublin, 1801.


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 growing sense of power and solidarity among all the Kaffir tribes of South Africa—a sense which gave force to the “Ethiopian movement,” which, ecclesiastical in origin, was political in its development. There were moreover special local causes such as undoubted defects in the Natal administration. Those Africans whose “nationalism” was greatest looked to Dinizulu as their leader, and he was accused by many colonists of having incited the rebellion. Dinizulu protested his loyalty to the British, nor was it likely that he viewed with approval the action of Bambaata, a comparatively unimportant and meddlesome chief. As time went on, however, the Natal government, alarmed at a series of murders of whites in Zululand and at the evidences of continued unrest among the natives, became convinced that Dinizulu was implicated in the rebellious movement. When a young man, in 1889, he had been convicted of high treason and had been exiled, but afterwards (in 1897) allowed to return. Now a force under Sir Duncan McKenzie entered Zululand. Thereupon Dinizulu surrendered (December 1907) without opposition, and was removed to Maritzburg. His trial was delayed until November 1908, and it was not until March 1909 that judgment was given, the court finding him guilty only on the minor charge of harbouring rebels. Meantime, in February 1908, the governor—Sir Matthew Nathan, who had succeeded Sir Henry McCallum in August 1907—had made a tour in Zululand, on which occasion some 1500 of the prisoners taken in the rebellion of 1906 were released.

The intercolonial commission had dealt with the native question as it affected South Africa as a whole; it was felt that a more local investigation was needed, and in August 1906 a strong commission was appointed to inquire into the condition of the Natal natives. The general election which was held in the following month turned

on native policy and on the measures necessary to meet the commercial depression. The election, which witnessed the return of four Labour members, resulted in a ministerial majority of a somewhat heterogeneous character, and in November 1906 Mr Smythe resigned, being succeeded by Mr F. R. Moor, who in his election campaign had criticized the Smythe ministry for their financial proposals and for the “theatrical” manner in which they had conducted their conflict with the home government. Mr Moor remained premier until the office was abolished by the establishment of the Union of South Africa. In August 1907 the report of the Native Affairs’ Commission was published. The commission declared that the chasm between the native and white races had been broadening for years and that the efforts of the administration—especially since the grant of responsible government—to reconcile the Kaffirs to the changed conditions of rule and policy and to convert them into an element of strength had been ineffective. It was not sufficient to secure them, as the government had done, peace and ample means of livelihood. The commission among other proposals for a more liberal and sympathetic native policy urged the creation of a native advisory Board entrusted with very wide powers. “Personal rule,” they declared, “supplies the keynote of successful native control”—a statement amply borne out by the influence over the natives exercised by Sir T. Shepstone. The unrest in Zululand delayed action being taken on the commission’s report. But in 1909 an act was passed which placed native affairs in the hands of four district commissioners, gave to the minister for native affairs direct executive authority and created a council for native affairs on which non-official members had seats. While the district commissioners were intended to keep in close touch with the natives, the council was to act as a “deliberative, consultative and advisory body.”

Concurrently with the efforts made to reorganize their native policy the colony also endeavoured to deal with the Asiatic question. The rapid growth of the Indian population from about 1890 caused much disquiet among the majority of the white inhabitants, who viewed with especial anxiety the activities of the “free,” i.e. unindentured Indians. An act of 1895, which did not become effective until 1901, imposed an annual tax of £3

on time-expired Indians who remained in the colony and did not reindenture. In 1897 an Indian Immigration Restriction Act was passed with the object of protecting European traders; in 1903 another Immigration Restriction Act among other things, permitted the exclusion of all would-be immigrants unable to write in the characters of some European language. Under this act thousands of Asiatics were refused permission to land. In 1906 municipal disabilities were imposed upon Asiatics, and in 1907 a Dealers’ Licences Act was passed with the object, and effect, of restricting the trading operations of Indians. In 1908 the government introduced a bill to provide for the cessation of Indian emigration at the end of three years; it was not proceeded with, but a strong commission was appointed to inquire into the whole subject. This commission reported in 1909, its general conclusion being that in the interests of Natal the importation of indentured Indian labour should not be discontinued. For sugar, tea and wattle growing, farming, coal-mining and other industries indentured Indian labour appeared to be essential. But the evidence was practically unanimous that the Indian was undesirable in Natal other than as a labourer and the commission recommended compulsory repatriation. While desirous that steps should be taken to prevent an increase in the number of free Asiatic colonists, the commission pointed out that there were in Natal over 60,000 “free” Indians whose rights could not be interfered with by legislation dealing with the further importation of coolies. But these Indians by reindenturing might come under the operation of the repatriation proposal. Nothing further was done in Natal up to the establishment of the Union of South Africa, when all questions specially or differentially affecting Asiatics were withdrawn from the competence of the provincial authorities.

Not long after the conclusion of the war of 1899–1902 the close commercial relations between the Transvaal and Natal led to suggestions for a union of the two colonies, but these suggestions were not seriously entertained. The divergent interests of the various colonies threatened indeed a tariff and railway war when the Customs

Convention (provisionally renewed in March 1906) should expire in 1908. But at the close of 1906 the Cape ministry formally reopened the question of federation, and at a railway conference held in Pretoria in May 1908 the Natal delegates agreed to a motion affirming the desirability of the early union of the self-governing colonies. The movement for union rapidly gained strength, and a National Convention to consider the matter met in Durban in October 1908. In Natal, especially among the older colonists, who feared that in a united South Africa Natal interests would be overborne, the proposals for union were met with suspicion and opposition, and the Natal ministry felt bound to submit the question to the people. A referendum act was passed in April 1909, and in June following the electors by 11,121 votes to 3701 decided to join the Union. (See .)

Natal was concerned not only with the political aspects of union, and with its natives and Indian problems, but had to safeguard its commercial interests and to deal with a revenue insufficient for its needs. In 1908 an Income Tax and a Land Tax Act was passed; the land tax being a halfpenny in the £ “on the aggregate unimproved value”—it brought in £30,000 in 1908–1909. Meantime it was agreed by the Cape, Transvaal and Natal governments that, subject to Natal entering the Union, its share of the Rand import trade should be 25% before and 30% after the establishment of the Union. Previously Natal had only 22% of the traffic, and this agreement led to a revival in trade. Moreover, the development of its coal-mines and agriculture was vigorously prosecuted, and in 1910 it was found possible to abolish both the Income Tax and Land Tax and yet have a surplus in revenue. The closing months of Natal’s existence as a separate colony thus found her peaceful and prosperous. The governor, Sir Matthew Nathan, had

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 the sole and immediate control and direction of the Governor, and it has of late been much employed in the rooting-up stumps and laying out a road in the Governor's domain, where much of the effect of the punishment is lost from its want of publicity."

It was one of Macquarie's worst faults that he laid down rules for others from which he absolved himself. "Formerly," to quote Ellis Bent again, "no punishment was inflicted even on a prisoner, but by order of the magistrates or of the Criminal Court upon a hearing of the parties concerned—and I consider that it would have been better if that system had not been discontinued." Governor King had taken the same view, that in such matters the Governor had rights equal and not greater than those of any other magistrates. Macquarie took quite a different view. "The Governor," wrote Bent, … "upon the gaoler's reports orders the punishment of prisoners … without any hearing or examination before him and without the knowledge or intervention of the magistrates; instances of corporal punishment inflicted in the lumber-yard by the mere authority of the Governor, and without any previous hearing or trial, are frequent, and persons have been flogged in the public market-place by a similar warrant granted in the same manner.

"It is true that in all these cases the offenders have been persons in the service of Government or of individuals to whom their services have been assigned by Government." The power which Macquarie thus indulged with respect to the convicts, in the end he exercised and defended in regard to free men. That was, however, a momentary lapse from discretion; and with this one exception it was not an unjustifiable though, perhaps, an unwise exercise of power. Bigge found in 1820 that Macquarie was in the habit of ordering punishment for Government servants on the verbal report of the chief engineer, but only in cases where prompt action appeared


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Higgins, Matthew James


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 returned to England in December 1909, and Lord Methuen was governor from that time until the 31st of May 1910. On that date the Union of South Africa was established, Natal becoming one of the original provinces of the Union.

 NATAL, a city and port of Brazil and capital of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, on the right bank of the Rio Potengy, or Rio Grande do Norte, about 2 m. above its mouth. Pop. of the municipality (1890) 13,725. Natal is the starting-point of the Natal and Nova Cruz railway, and is a port of call for coastwise steamers, which usually anchor outside the bar. It is a stagnant, poorly built town of one-storeyed houses and mud-walled cabins, with few public edifices and business houses of a better type. The only industry of note is the manufacture of cotton. The exports are chiefly sugar and cotton. Natal was founded in 1597 as a military post to check an illicit trade in Brazil-wood. In 1633 it was occupied by the Dutch, who remained until 1654. It became the capital of a province in 1820. In early works it is sometimes termed Cidade dos Reis (City of the Kings).  NATANZ, a minor province of Persia, situated in the hilly district between Isfahan and Kashan, and held in fief by the family of the Hissam es Saltaneh (Sultan Murad Mirza, d. 1882). It contains eighty-two villages and hamlets, has a revenue of about £4000, and a population of about 23,000. It is divided into four districts: Barzrud, Natanzrud, Tarkrud and Badrud. Natanz pears are famous throughout the country. The western part of the province is traversed from north to south by the old high-road between Kashan and Isfahan, with the well-known stations of Kuhrud (7140 ft.) and So (7560 ft.). This road was practically abandoned when the Indian government telegraph line, which ran along it, was removed to a road farther east in 1906. The capital of the little province is, a large village with a population of about 3000, situated 69 m. north of Isfahan, at an elevation of 5670 ft. It has an old mosque, with a minaret 123 ft. in height, built in 1315.  NATCHEZ, a city and the county-seat of Adams county, Mississippi, U.S.A., on the Mississippi river, about 100 m. S.W. of Jackson. Pop. (1890) 10,101, (1900) 12,210, of whom 7090 were negroes, (1910 census) 11,791. It is served by the Yazoo & Mississippi Valley, the St Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern, the New Orleans & North-Western and the Mississippi Central railways, and by steamboats on the Mississippi river. The city, which has an area of 2·19 sq. m., is mostly on a bluff that rises 200 ft. above the river, the wharfs and landings, and a few old buildings being the only reminders of what was before the Civil War the principal business section. Among the city’s institutions are the Fisk Public Library, a charity hospital, two sanatoriums, three orphan asylums, Stanton College for girls (non-sectarian; opened in 1894 and lodged in the old Fisk mansion); St Joseph’s College for girls, the Jefferson Military College (1802), 6 m. from the city, and Natchez College for negroes. The city has four public parks, three on the river front, and one, Memorial Park, in honour of Confederate dead, in the heart of the city. On a neighbouring bluff is a national cemetery. Just outside the city limits, at Gloster, the former estate of Winthrop Sargent, first governor of the Territory of Mississippi, are the graves of Sargent and S. S. Prentiss, who lived in Natchez for some years. In and near the city are many handsome old residences typical of ante-bellum Natchez, among them being: Monmouth, General Quitman’s estate; Somerset and Oakland, long in the Chotard family; and The Briars, the home during girlhood of Varina Howell, the wife of Jefferson Davis. A Roman Catholic cathedral (1841), Trinity Protestant Episcopal Church (1825) and a Presbyterian church (1829) are the principal church buildings. The Prentiss and the Elk are the leading clubs. Mardi Gras is annually celebrated. The leading industries are the shipment of cotton (70,000 to 90,000 bales are handled annually) and the manufacture of cottonseed oil and cake—the first cottonseed-oil mill in the country was built here in 1834—cotton goods, rope and yarns, lumber, brick, drugs and ice. Natchez was the first city in the state to own municipal water-works and sewage system.

The city was named from the Natchez Indians who lived on its site when the country was first settled. In 1716 on the bluff Le Moyne de Bienville built Fort Rosalie for the protection of some French warehouses, and later the French demanded a neighbouring hill for another settlement. This offended the Natchez, and on the 28th of November 1729 they massacred the French and destroyed the fort, which was immediately rebuilt, and in 1764 was handed over to the English in accordance with the treaty of Paris, and became Fort Panmure; in 1779 it was turned over to the Spanish, who held it until 1798, when they withdrew and United States troops occupied the place. Under Spanish rule Natchez was the seat of government of a large district, and from 1798 to 1802 and from 1817 to 1821 it was the capital of Mississippi. It was chartered as a city in 1803. On the 7th of May 1840 a large part of the city was destroyed by a tornado, but it was soon rebuilt, and at the outbreak of the Civil War was a place of considerable wealth and culture. For several years it was the home of General John Anthony Quitman (1799–1858). Natchez surrendered to Union forces during the Vicksburg campaigns, first on the 12th of May 1862, and again on the 13th of July 1863. On the 2nd of September 1862 the Union iron-clad “Essex,” commanded by William David Porter, bombarded the city and put an end to the commercial importance of the river front section.  NATHANAEL, a character in the New Testament, who appears in John i. 45 sqq; as one of the first disciples of Jesus. In John xxi. 2 he is described as belonging to Cana of Galilee. The account of his call reveals to us a man of a deeply spiritual and sincere nature. Otherwise we know nothing beyond the mention of his name as one of the seven to whom, after the Resurrection, Christ revealed himself at the sea of Tiberias (John xxi. 2). But the interest he has evoked is shown by the attempts to identify him with other New Testament characters. Of these the one which has found most favour sees in him the apostle (q.v.). The actual identification must however remain a matter of pure conjecture. Still less can be said for the attempts to find in Nathanael another name for the apostle Matthew, or for Matthias, or for Paul “the

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title: Category:Linguistics


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Natal (Brazil)


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Natanz

title: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Natanz


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Natchez

title: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Natchez


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Blennerhasset, Harman


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 necessary. All others were reserved for examination by the Superintendent of Police or by the Bench of Magistrates.

As a convict was not distinguishable from the rest of the inhabitants by any outward sign, escaped prisoners, run-away servants and ticket-of-leave men wandered about the country, passing themselves off as free, and cheating, trafficking and creating disorders. The Governor, to put an end to this vagrancy, issued an Order in August, 1810. It provided that men free by servitude or emancipation must carry their certificates, ticket-of-leave men their tickets, and other convicts passes from magistrates or from their masters stating where they were going and what was their business. If these orders were neglected the convict might be sent to Sydney by any magistrate to work in the Government gangs. After 1814 the only magistrate in Sydney who could issue these passes was the Superintendent of Police. It was an Order which was very difficult to carry out, and indeed was very imperfectly obeyed. Under it a very curious abuse grew up by which masters who did not wish to feed, clothe and pay their convict-servants gave them passes and allowed them to go about working for themselves. These passes were as valuable as tickets-of-leave, and from the frequency with which they were given by a certain magistrate, came to be known as "Captain Cox's Liberty".

The establishment of the Sunday Muster rendered it easier to follow the movements of the convicts about the country. Until Bligh's time it had been the custom to muster the convicts in Sydney every Sunday morning and march them to church. Macquarie revived it in Sydney at the beginning of 1810 and extended it by the advice of one of the chaplains to the rest of the territory in 1814. At headquarters the convicts and


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 where he died on the 22nd of February 1896. His principal books are Bill Nye and Boomerang (1881); Forty Liars and Other Lies (1882); Nye and Riley’s Railway Guide (1886), with James Whitcomb Riley; and two comic histories, Bill Nye’s History of the United States (1894) and Bill Nye’s History of England from the Druids to the Reign of Henry VIII. (1896).  NYEZHIN  or a town of Russia, in the government of Chernigov, 62 m. by rail S.E. of the town of Chernigov and 79 m. N.E. of Kiev, on the railway between Kursk and Kiev. The old town is built on the left bank of the (canalized) river Oster, and its suburbs, Novoye-Myesto and Magerki, on the right. It has an old cathedral, a technical school and a former high school (lyceum of Bezborodko, at which N. V. Gogol, the novelist, was a student), now transformed into a philological institute. The inhabitants (33,000), are mostly Little-Russians and Jews; there are also some Greeks, descendants of those who immigrated in the 17th century at the invitation of the Cossack chieftain Bogdan Chmielnicki.

Unyezh, which is supposed to have been the former name of Nyezhin, is mentioned as early as 1147. At that time it belonged to the principality of Chernigov; afterwards it fell under the rule of Poland. It was ceded to Russia about 1500, but again became a Polish possession after the treaty of Deulina (1619) between Poland and Russia. In 1649, after the revolt of Little Russia and its liberation from the Polish rule, Nyezhin was the chief town of one of the most important Cossack regiments. It was annexed to Russia in 1664.  NYIREGYHÁZA, the capital of the county of Szabolcs, in Hungary, 169 m. E.N.E. of Budapest by rail. Pop. (1900) 31,875. It is a busy railway junction, and its inhabitants are engaged in agriculture, wine-growing and the manufacture of soda, matches and saltpetre. About 20 m. to the N.W. lies the famous wine-producing district of Tokaj (Tokay).  NYKJÖBING, a seaport of Denmark, in the amt (county) of Maribo, on the west shore of the island of Falster, 94 m. S.S.W. of Copenhagen by rail. Pop. (1901) 7345. Its church contains a genealogical tree of the Mecklenburg ducal family, with portraits, dating from 1627 or earlier. Here is the house occupied by Peter the Great of Russia in 1716, restored in 1898. A railway runs south to Gjedser (14 m.), from which the sea-passage (29 m.) to Warnemünde links the fastest route between Copenhagen and Berlin.

 NYKÖPING, a seaport of Sweden, chief town of the district (län) of Södermanland, 98 m. S.W. of Stockholm by a branch from the Stockholm-Malmö railway. Pop. (1900) 7375. It lies at the head of the Byfjord, an inlet of the Baltic. The ruins of its once famous castle, the town hall (1662), and the district governor’s residence, are notable buildings. The port, together with that of Oxelösund (10 m. S.E.) at the mouth of the bay, which is seldom closed in winter, exports iron and zinc ore, timber, wood-pulp and oats.

Nyköping (i.e. New-Market, Latinized as Nicopia) begins to appear as a town early in the 13th century. Its castle was the seat of the kings of Södermanland, and after those of Stockholm and Kalmar was the strongest in Sweden. The death of Waldemar in 1293, the starving to death of Dukes Waldemar and Eric in 1318, the marriage and the deaths both of Charles IX. and his consort Christina of Holstein, the birth of their daughter Princess Catherine and in 1622 the birth of her son Charles X. are the main incidents of which it was the scene. Burned down in 1665 and again damaged by fire in 1719, it still remained the seat of the provincial authorities till 1760. The town was burned by Albert of Mecklenburg’s party in 1389, by an accidental conflagration in 1665, and by the Russians in 1719.  NYLSTROOM, a town of the Transvaal, South Africa, capital of the Waterberg district, and 81 m. N. of Pretoria by rail; altitude 4250 ft. Pop. (1904) 599. It was founded about 1860 and owes its name to the belief of the early Boer trekkers that the river which they had discovered was the head stream of the Nile. The Waterberg gold-fields are 20 m. N.N.E. of the town.  NYMPHAEUM  (Gr. ,  ), in Greek and Roman antiquities, a monument consecrated to the (q.v.), especially those of springs. These monuments were originally natural grottoes, which tradition assigned as habitations to the local nymphs. They were sometimes so arranged as to furnish a supply of water. Subsequently, artificial took the place of natural grottoes. The nymphaea of the Roman period were borrowed from the constructions of the Hellenistic east. The majority of them were rotundas, and were adorned with statues and paintings. They served the threefold purpose of sanctuaries, reservoirs and assembly-rooms. A special feature was their use for the celebration of marriages. Such nymphaea existed at Corinth, Antioch and Constantinople; the remains of some twenty have been found at Rome and of many in Africa. The so-called exedra of Herodes Atticus (which answers in all respects to a nymphaeum in the Roman style), the nymphaeum in the palace of Domitian and those in the villa of Hadrian at Tibur (five in number) may be specially mentioned. The term nymphaeum was also applied to the fountains of water in the atrium of the Christian basilica, which according to Eusebius (x. 4) were symbols of purification.

NYMPHENBURG, formerly a village, but since 1899 an incorporated suburb of Munich, in the kingdom of Bavaria. It has a palace, built about the middle of the 17th century, on the model of that at Versailles, and long a favourite residence of the Bavarian elector, Maximilian Joseph. The famous china manufactory of Nymphenburg, founded in 1754 at Neudeck by a potter named Niedermeyer, was shortly afterwards removed hither and, after being long under royal patronage, is now a private undertaking. The elector Charles Albert of Bavaria was reputed to have made a treaty with Louis XV. of France in May 1741 at the beginning of the War of the Austrian Succession for the division of Austria, and this was called the treaty of Nymphenburg. It has, however, been conclusively proved a forgery. But a treaty was concluded here on the 28th of May 1741, between Bavaria and Spain, and another between Bavaria and the Rhenish Palatinate in 1766.

NYMPHS, in Greek mythology, the generic name of a large number of female divinities of inferior rank, personifications of the creative and fostering activities of nature. The word is possibly connected with the root of , nubes (“cloud”), and originally meant “veiled,” referring to the custom of a bride being led veiled from her home to that of the husband: hence, a married woman, and, in general, one of marriageable age. Others refer the word (and also Lat. nubere and the Ger. Knospe) to a root expressing the idea of “swelling” (according to Hesychius, one of the meanings of  is “rose-bud”). The home of the nymphs is on mountains and in groves, by springs and rivers, in valleys and cool grottoes. They are frequently associated with the superior divinities, the huntress Artemis, the prophetic Apollo, the reveller and god of trees Dionysus, and with rustic gods such as Pan and Hermes (as the god of shepherds).

The nymphs were distinguished according to the different spheres of nature with which they were connected. Sea nymphs were Oceanids or Nereïds, daughters of Oceanus or Nereus. Naiades (from Gr. , flow, cf.  , “stream ”) presided over springs, rivers and lakes. Oreades (, mountain) were nymphs of mountains and grottoes, one of the most famous of whom was Echo. Napaeae (, dell) and Alseïdes (, grove) were nymphs of glens and groves.  (q.v.) or Hamadryades were nymphs of forests and trees.

The Greek nymphs, after the introduction of their cult into Latium, gradually absorbed into their ranks the indigenous Italian divinities of springs and streams (Juturna, Egeria, Carmentis, Fons), while the Lymphae (originally Lumpae), Italian water-goddesses, owing to the accidental similarity of name, were identified with the Greek Nymphae. Among the Romans their sphere of influence was restricted, and they appear almost exclusively as divinities of the watery element.

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text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Nyezhin

title: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Nyezhin


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Nyiregyháza


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Nykjöbing

title: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Nykjöbing


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Nyköping

title: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Nyköping


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Nylstroom

title: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Nylstroom


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Nymphaeum

title: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Nymphaeum


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Nymphenburg


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Nymphs

title: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Nymphs


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{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Meek Nature's,evening comment on the shows That for oblivion take their daily birth From all the fuming vanities of earth. Wordsworth—Sonnet. Sky. Prospect from the Plain of France. VARIETY | seealso = (See also {{sc|Novelty) Amidst the soft variety I'm lost. | author = Addison | work = Letter from Italy. L. 100. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 830 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = The earth was made so various, that the mind Of desultory man, studious of change And pleased with novelty, might be indulged. | author = Cowper | work = The Task. | place = Bk. I. L. 506. | topic = | page = 830 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Variety's the very spice of life, That gives it all its flavour. | author = Cowper | work = The Task. | place = Bk. II. L. 606. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Prior, Richter}}) | topic = | page = 830 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = The variety of all tilings forms a pleasure. Euripides—Orestes. 234. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 830 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Variety's the source of joy below, From whence still fresh-revolving pleasures flow, In books and love the mind one end pursues, And only change the expiring flame renews. Gay—Epistles. To Bernard Lintot, on a Miscellany of Poems. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 830 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Countless the various species of mankind, Countless the shades which sep'rate mind from mind; No general object of desire is known, Each has his will, and each pursues his own. Wm. Gifford—Perseus. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 830 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = All concord's born of contraries. Ben Jonson—Cynthia's Revels. Act V. Sc. 2. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 830 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Diversity, c'est ma devise. Diversity, that is my motto. La Fontaine—Pate' d'AnguiUe. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 830 }}


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890

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Nulla fere causa est in qua non femina litem moverit. There's scarce a case comes on but you shall find A woman's at the bottom. Juvenal—Satires. VI. 242. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Dumas)


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 344 GROWTH GROWTH

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Men are we, and must grieve when even the Shade Of that which once was great is passed away.Wordsworth—On the Extinction of the Venetian Republic. GROWTH | seealso = (See also {{sc|Evolution, Progress, Success) What? Was man made a wheel-work to wind up. And be discharged, and straight wound up anew? No! grown, his growth lasts; taught, he ne'er forgets; May learn a thousand things, not twice the same. Robert Browning—A Death in the Desert. L. 447. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 344 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Treading beneath their feet all visible things, As steps that upwards to their Father's throne Lead gradual. CoiERWGBi-^Reiigiovs Musings. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Tennyson) Jesburun waxed fat, and kicked. Deuteronomy. XXXII. 15. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 344 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = The lofty oak from a small acorn grows. Lewis Duncombe—Translation of De Minimis Maxima. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Everett}} under {{sc|Oratory}}) | topic = | page = }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Man seems the only growth that dwindles here. | author = Goldsmith | work = The Traveller. L. 126. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 344 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = It is not growing like a tree In bulk, doth make man better be; Or standing long an oak, three hundred year, To fall a log at last, dry, bald, and sere: A lily of a day Is fairer far in May, Although it falls and die that night— It was the plant and flower of Light. Ben Jonson—Pindaric Ode on the Death of Sir H. Morrison. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 344 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Nor deem the irrevocable Past, As wholly wasted, wholly vain, If, rising on its wrecks, at last To something nobler we attain. | author = Longfellow | work = Ladder of St. Augustine. | place = | note = | seealso = (See also {{sc|Tennyson}}) | topic = | page = }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Our pleasures and our discontents, Are rounds by which we may ascend. Ixjngfellow—Ladder of St. Augustine. St. 2. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Longfellow}} under {{sc|Vice}}) | topic = | page = }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = And so all growth that is not towards God Is growing to decay. George MacDonald—Within and Without Pt. I. Sc. 3. Arts and sciences are not cast in a mould, but are found and perfected by degrees, by often handling and • polishing, as bears leisurely lick their cubs into shape. Montaigne—Apology for Raimond Sebond. Bk. II. Ch.XII. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Vergil}}) | topic = | page = }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = "Oh! what a vile and abject thing is man unless he can erect himself above humanity." Here is a bon mot and a useful desire, but equally absurd. For to make the handful bigger than the hand, the armful bigger than the arm, and to hope to stride further than the stretch of our legs, is impossible and monstrous. . . . He may lift himself if God lend him His hand of special grace; he may lift himself ... by means wholly celestial. It is for our Christian religion, and not for his Stoic virtue, to pretend to this divine and miraculous metamorphosis. | author = Montaigne | work = Essays. | place = Bk. II. Ch. XII. | note = | seealso = (See also {{sc|Wordsworth}}) | topic = | page = }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = 15 | text = Heu quotidie pejus! haec colonia retroversus crescit tanquam coda vituli. Alas! worse every day! this colony grows backward like the tail of a calf. Petronius—Cena. 44. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 344 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Fungino genere est; capite se totum tegit. He is of the race of the mushroom; he covers himself altogether with his head. Plautus—Trinummus. IV. 2. 9. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 344 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Post id, frumenti quum alibi messis maxima 'st Tribus tantis ill! minus reddit, quam obseveris. Heu! istic oportet obseri mores malos, Si in obserendo possint interfieri. Besides that, when elsewhere the harvest of wheat is most abundant, there it comes up less by one-fourth than what you have sowed. There, methinks, it were a proper place for men to sow their wild oats, where they would not spring up. Pladtus—Trinummus. IV '. 4. 128. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 344 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Grows with his growth, and strengthens with his strength. | author = Pope | work = Essay on M an. Ep. II. L. 136. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = 15 | text = 'Tis thus the mercury of man is fix'd, Strong grows the virtue with his nature mix'd. Pope:—Essay on Man. Ep. II. L. 178. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 344 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Im engen Kreis verengert sich der Sinn. Es wachst der Mensch mit seinen grossern Zwecken. In a narrow circle the mind contracts. Man grows with his expanded needs. Schiller—Prolog. I. 59. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 344 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Jock, when ye hae naethine else to do, ye may be aye sticking in a tree; it will be growing, Jock, when ve're sleeping. Scott—The Heart of Midlothian. Ch. VIII. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 344 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Gardener, for telling me these news of woe, Pray God the' plants thou graft'st may never grow. Richard II. Act III. Sc. 4. L. 100. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 344 }}


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 364 HELP HELP

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = God helps him who strives hard. EuRn»n>ES—Eumenidce. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Cervantes) | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = 15 | text = Turn, gentle Hermit of the Dale, And guide my lonely way To where yon taper cheers the vale With hospitable ray. | author = Goldsmith | work = Vicar of Wakefield. The Hermit. Ch. vni. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 364 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Light is the task when many share the toil. Homer—Iliad. Bk. XII. L. 493. | note = {{sc|Bryant}}'s trans. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 364 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Nabis sine cortice. You will swim without cork (without help). Horace—Satires. Bk. I. 4. 120. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 364 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Make two grins grow where there was only a grouch before. Elbert Hubbard—Pig-Pen Pete. Why I Ride Horseback. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 364 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Is not a patron, my lord, one who looks with unconcern on a man struggling for life in the water, and when he has reached ground encumbers him with help? | author = Samuel Johnson | work = Boswell's Life of Johnson. (1754) | topic = | page = }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = I want to help you to grow as beautiful as God meant you to be when he thought of you first. George MacDonald—The Marquis ofLossie. Ch. XXII. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 364 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Aid the dawning, tongue and pen: Aid it, hopes of honest men! Charles Mackay—Clear the Way. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 364 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Truths would you teach, or save a sinking land? All fear, none aid you, and few understand. | author = Pope | work = Essay on Man. | place = Ep. IV. L. 264. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 364 }}


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{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = When admirals extoll'd for standing still, Of doing nothing with a deal of skill. | author = Cowper | work = Table Talk. L. 192. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Woodward) li Honest labour bears a lovely face. Tnos. Dekker—Patient Grissett. Act I. Sc. 1. LABOR Labour itself is but a sorrowful song, The protest of the weak against the strong. F. W. Faber—The Sorrowful World. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = Labor | page = 424 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = It is so far from being needless pains, that it may bring considerable profit, to carry Charcoals to Newcastle. Fuller—Pisgah. Sight of Palestine. Ed. 1650. P. 128. Worthies. P. 302. (Ed. 1661) | seealso = (See also {{sc|first Quotation.}}) | topic = Labor | page = 424 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = For as labor cannot produce without the use of land, the denial of the equal right to the use of land is necessarily the denial of the right of labor to its own produce. Henry George—Progress and Poverty. Bk. VII. Ch. I. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = Labor | page = 424 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = How blest is he who crowns in shades like these, A youth of labour with an age of ease. | author = Goldsmith | work = The Deserted Village. L. 99. IB Vitam perdidi laboricose agendo. I have spent my life laboriously doing nothing. Quoted by Grottos on his death bed. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Woodward}}) | topic = Labor | page = 424 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = If little labour, little are our gaines: Man's fortunes are according to his paines. | author = Herrick | work = Hesperides. No Paines, No Gaines. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = Labor | page = 424 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = To labour is the lot of man below; And when Jove gave us life, he gave us woe. Homes—Iliad. Bk. X. L. 78 | note = {{sc|Pope}}'s trans. Our fruitless labours mourn, And only rich in barren fame return. Homer—Odyssey. Bk. X. L. 46 | note = {{sc|Pope}}'s trans. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = Labor | page = 424 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = With fingers weary and worn, With eyelids heavy and red, A woman sat in unwomanly rags, Plying her needle and thread. Hood—Song of the Shirt. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = Labor | page = 424 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Qui studet optatam cursu contingere metam Multa tulit fecitque puer, sudavit et alsit. He who would reach the desired goal must, while a boy, suffer and labor much and bear both heat and cold. Horace—Ars Poetica. CCCCXII. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = Labor | page = 424 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = O laborum Dulce lenimen. sweet solace of labors. Horace—Carmina. I. 32. 14. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = Labor | page = 424 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = In silvam ligna ferre. To carry timber into the wood. Horace—Satires. I. 10. 24. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Aristophanes}}) | topic = Labor | page = 424 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Cur quseris quietem, quam nafus sis ad laborem? Why seekest thou rest, since thou art born to labor? . Thomas A Kempis—De Imitatione Chnstt. II. 10. 1. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = Labor | page = 424 }}


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{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Living from hand to mouth. Du Bartas—Divine Weekes and Workes. Second Week. First Day. Pt. IV. H A little rule, a little sway, A sunbeam in a winter's day. Is all the proud and mighty have Between the cradle and the grave. John Dyer—Grongar Hill. L. 89. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Montenabkin) LIFE A man's ingress into the world is naked and bare. His progress through the world is trouble and care; And lastly, his egress out of the world, is nobody knows where. If we do well here, we shall do well there; I can tell you no more if I preach a whole year. John Edwin—The Eccentricities of John Edwin (second edition). Vol. I. P. 74. Quoted in Longefellow's Tales of a Wayside Inn. Pt. II. Student's Tale. Life's a vast sea That does its mighty errand without fail, Painting in unchanged strength though waves are changing. George Eliot—Spanish Gypsy. Bk. III. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = Life | page = 444 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Life is short, and time is swift; Roses fade, and shadows shift. Ebenezer Elliot—Epigram. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = Life | page = 444 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Sooner or later that which is now life shall be poetry, and every fair and manly trait shall add a richer strain to the song. Emerson—Letters and Social Aims. Poetry and Imagination. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = Life | page = 444 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = When life is true to the poles of nature, the streams of truth will roll through us in song. Emerson—Letters and Social Aims. Poetry and Imagination. ' 20 Life's like an inn where travelers stay, Some only breakfast and away; Others to dinner stop, and are full fed; The oldest only sup and go to bed. Epitaph on tomb in Silkstone, England, to the memory of John Ellis. (1766) | seealso = (See also {{sc|Dryden}}) | topic = Life | page = 444 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Life's an Inn, my house will shew it;— I thought so once, but now I know it. Epitaphs printed by Mr. Fatrley. Epilaphiana. (Ed. 1875) On an Innkeeper at Eton. The lines that follow are like those of Quarles. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Gay}} under {{sc|Epitaphs}}) | topic = Life | page = 444 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = This world's a city full of crooked streets, Death's the market-place where all men meet; If life were merchandise that men should buy, The rich would always live, the poor might die. Epitaph to John Gadsden, died 1739, in Stoke Goldington, England. See E. R. Suffling Scotch version of 1689. Same idea in Gay. The Messenger of Mortality, in Ancient Poems, Ballads, and Songs of the Peasantry. A suggestion from Chaucer's Knight's Tale. L. 2487. Shakespeare and Fletcher. Two Noble Kinsmen. Act I. Sc. 5. L. 15. Waller—Divine Poems. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = Life | page = 444 }}
 * 1) —Epitaphia. P. 401. On P. 405 is a

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Nulli desperandum, quam diu spirat. No one is to be despaired of as long as he breathes. (While there is life there is hope.) Erasmus—Colhq. Epicureus. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Cicero}} under {{sc|Hope}})


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 * 1) SOCIETY ##

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = As the French say, there are three sexes,—men women, and clergymen. Sydney Smith—Lady Holland's Memoir. Vol. I. P. 262. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Montagu)


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 864 WEALTH WEALTH

WEALTH (See also {{sc|Possession)

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = There are, while human miseries abound, A thousand ways to waste superfluous wealth, Without one fool or flatterer at your board, Without one hour of sickness or disgust. Armstrong—Art of Preserving Health. Bk. II. L. 195. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 864 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = I have mental joys and mental health, Mental friends and mental wealth, I've a wife that I love and that loves me; I've all but riches bodily. Wm. Blake—Mammon. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 864 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Since all the riches of this world May be gifts from the devil and earthly kings, I should suspect that I worshipped the devil If I thanked my God for worldly things. Wm. Blake—Riches. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 864 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = But I have learned a thing or two; 1 know as sure as fate, When we lock up our lives for wealth, the gold key comes too late. Will Cakleton—The Ancient Miner's Story. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 864 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = 15 | text = Midas-eared Mammonism, double-barrelled Dilettantism, and their thousand adjuncts and corollaries, are not the Law by which God Almighty has appointed this His universe to go. Carlyle—Past and Present. Ch. VI. IB Surplus wealth is a sacred trust which its possessor is bound to administer in his lifetime for the good of the community. Andrew Carnegie—Gospel of Wealth. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 864 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Las necedades del rico por sentencias pasan en el mundo. The foolish sayings of the rich pass for wise saws in society. | author = Cervantes | work = Don Quixote. | place = II. 43. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 864 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = 15 | text = Non esse cupidum, pecunia est; non esse emacem, vectigal est; contentum vero suis rebus esse, maxima sunt, certissinueque divitiae. Not to be avaricious is money; not to be fond of buying is a revenue; but to be content with our own is the greatest and most certain wealth of all. Cicero—Paradoxa. 6. 3. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 864 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Give no bounties: make equal laws: secure life and prosperity and you need not give alms. Emerson—Wealth. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 864 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Want is a growing giant whom the coat of Have was never large enough to cover. Emerson—Wealth. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 864 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = If your Riches are yours, why don't you take them with you to t'other world? Benj. Franklin—Poor Richard. (1751) | topic = | page = 864 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Who hath not heard the rich complain Of surfeits, and corporeal pain? He barr'd from every use of wealth, Envies the ploughman's strength and health. Gay—Fables. The Cookmaid, Turnspit, and Ox. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 864 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = The ideal social state is not that in which each gets an equal amount of wealth, but in which each gets in proportion to his contribution to the general stock. Henry George—Social Problems. Ch. VI. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 864 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = And to hie him home, at evening's close, To sweet repast, and calm repose. From toil he wins his spirits light, From busy day the peaceful night: Rich, from the very want of wealth, In heaven's best treasures, peace and health. Gray—Ode on the Pleasure Arising from Vicissitude. L. 87. Last two lines said to have been added by the Rev. William Mason, Gray's biographer. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 864 }}


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{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Phidias made the statue of Venus at Elis with one foot upon the shell of a tortoise, to signify two great duties of a virtuous woman, which are to keep home and be silent. W. De Britaine—Human Prudence. (Ed. ) P. 134. Referred to by Burton— Anatomy of Melancholy. Pt. III. Sec. III. Mem. 4. Subs. 2. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Donne, Taylor) You forget too much That every creature, female as the male, Stands single in responsible act and thought, As also in birth and death. E. B. Browning—Aurora Leigh. Bk. II. L. 472. A worthless woman! mere cold clay As all false things are! but so fair, She takes the breath of men away Who gaze upon her unaware: I would not play her larcenous tricks To have her looks! E. B. Browning—Bianca among the Nightingales. St. 12. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 887 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Thy daughters bright thy walks adorn, Gay as the gilded summer sky, Sweet as the dewy milk-white thorn, Dear as the raptured thrill of joy. Burns—Address to Edinburgh. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 887 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Auld Nature swears, the lovely dears Her noblest work she classes, O: Her 'prentice hand she tried on man, An' then she made the lasses, O. Burns—Green Grow the Rashes. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Cupid's Whdjligig, Lessing}}) | topic = | page = 887 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Their tricks and craft hae put me daft, TheyVe ta'en me in, and a' that, But clear your decks, and—Here's the sex! I like the jads for a' that. Burns—Jolly Beggars. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 887 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = It is a woman's reason to say I will do such a thing because I will. Burroughs—On Hosea. Vol. IV. (1652) | seealso = (See also {{sc|Hill, Taylor}}) | topic = | page = 887 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Women wear the breeches. | author = Burton | work = Anatomy of Melancholy. | place = Democritus to the Reader. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Beloe) The souls of women are so small, That some believe they've none at all; Or if they have, like cripples, still They've but one faculty, the will. Butler—Miscellaneous Thoughts. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 887 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Heart on her lips, and soul within her eyes, Soft as her clime, and sunny as her sides. | author = Byron | work = Beppo. St. 45. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 887 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Soft as the memory of buried love, Pure as the prayer which childhood wafts above. | author = Byron | work = Bride ofAbydos. Canto I. St. 6. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 887 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = The Niobe of nations! there she stands, Childless and crownless, in her voiceless woe. Byron—Childe Harold. Canto IV. St. 79. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 887 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = 15 | text = Her stature tall—I hate a dumpy woman. | author = Byron | work = Don Juan. Canto I. St.. 61. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 887 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = A lady with her daughters or her nieces Shine like a guinea and seven-shilling pieces. | author = Byron | work = Don Juan. Canto III. St. 60. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 887 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = I love the sex, and sometimes would reverse The tyrant's wish, "that mankind only had One neck, which he with one fell stroke might pierce;" My wish is quite as wide, but not so bad, And much more tender on the whole than fierce; It being (not now, but only while a lad) That womankind had but one rosy mouth, To kiss them all at once, from North to South. | author = Byron | work = Don Juan. Canto VI. St. 27. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 887 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = I've seen your stormy seas and stormy women, And pity lovers rather more than seamen. | author = Byron | work = Don Juan. Canto VI. St. 53. But she was a soft landscape of mild earth, Where all was harmony, and calm, and quiet, Luxuriant, budding; cheerful without mirth. | author = Byron | work = Don Juan. Canto VI. St. 53. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 887 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = What a strange thing is man! and what a stranger Is woman! What a whirlwind is her head, And what a whirlpool full of depth and danger Is all the rest about her. | author = Byron | work = Don Juan. Canto DC. St. 64. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 887 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = And whether coldness, pride, or virtue dignify A woman, so she's good, what does it signify? | author = Byron | work = Don Juan. Canto XIV. St. 57. She was his life, The ocean to the river of his thoughts, Which terminated all. Byron—The Dream. St. 2. "River of his Thought" from Dante—Purgatorio. XIII 88. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Longfellow) Believe a woman or an epitaph, Or any other thing that's false. Byron—English Bards and Scotch Reviewers. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 887 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = The world was sad; the garden was a wild; And man, the hermit, sigh'd—till woman smiled. Campbell—Pleasures of Hope. Pt. II. L. 37


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{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Ther seyde oones a clerk in two vers, "what is bettre than Gold? Jaspre. What is bettre thanJaspre? Wisdom. And what is bettre than Wisdom? Womman. And what is bettre than a good Womman? No thyng." Chaucer—Canterbury Tales. Melibeus. L. 2,300. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Harleian MS.) | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 888 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = 1 | text = We shall find n6 fiend in hell can match the fury of a disappointed woman,—scorn'd! slighted! dismiss'd without a parting pang. Colley Cebber—Love's Last Shift. Act IV. Sc. 1. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Congreve}}) | topic = | page = 888 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Heaven has no rage like love to hatred turned, Nor hell a fury like a woman scorned. Congreve—The Mourning Bride. Act III. Sc. 2. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Cibber, Tuke, Vergil}}) | topic = | page = 888 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = The sweetest noise on earth, a woman's tongue; A string which hath no discord. Barry Cornwall—Rafaelle and Fornarina. Sc. 2. 7 Her air, her manners, all who saw admired: Courteous though coy, and gentle, though retired: The joy of youth and health her eyes display'd, And ease of heart her every look convey'd. Crabbe—Parish Register. Pt. II. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 888 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Whoe'er she be, That not impossible she, That shall command my heart and me. Crashaw—Wishes to his (Supposed) Mistress. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 888 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Man was made when Nature was but an apprentice, but woman when she was a skilful mistress of her art. Cupid's Whirligig. (1607) | seealso = (See also {{sc|Burns}}) | topic = | page = 888 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Were there no women, men might live lik;e gods. Dekker—Honest Whore. Pt. I. Act III. Sc. 1. u There's no music when a woman is in the concert. Dekker—Honest Whore. Pt. II. Act IV. Sc. 3. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 888 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Les femmes ont toujours quelque arriere pensée. Women always have some mental reservation. Dbstouches—Di/mipateur. V. 9. But were it to my fancy given To rate her charms, I'd call them heaven; For though a mortal made of clay, Angels must love Ann Hathaway; She hath a way so to control, To rapture the imprisoned soul. And sweetest heaven on earth display, That to be heaven Ann hath a way; She hath a way, Ann Hathaway,— To be heaven's self Ann hath a way. Charles DrBDm—A Love DUtie. In his novel Hannah Hewitt. (1795) Often attributed to Shakespeare. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 888 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = But in some odd nook in Mrs. Todgers's breast, up a great many steps, and in a corner easy to be overlooked, there was a. secret door, with "Woman" written on the spring, which, at a touch from Mercy's hand, had flown wide open, and admitted her for shelter. | author = Dickens | work = Martin Chuzzlewit. | place = Vol. II. Ch. XII. | topic = | page = 888 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = She was not made out of his head, Sir, To rule and to govern the man; Nor was she made out of his feet, Sir, By man to be trampled upon. But she did come forth from his side, Sir, His equal and partner to be; And now they are coupled together, She oft proves the top of the tree. > Ballads and Songs of the Peasantry of England. Collected by James Henry Dixon. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Barrie}}, {{sc|Henry}}, {{sc|Wesley}}) | topic = | page = 888 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Be then thine own home, and in thyself dwell; Inn anywhere; And seeing the snail, which everywhere doth roam, Carrying his own home still, still is at home, Follow (for he is easy-paced) this snail: Be thine own palace, or the world's thy jail. Donne. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Britaine}}, also {{sc|How}} under {{sc|Wife}}) | topic = | page = 888 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = And, like another Helen, fir'd another Troy. Dryden—Alexander's Feast. L. 154. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 888 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = For women with a mischief to their kind, Pervert with bad advice our better mind. Dryden—Cock and Fox. L. 555. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 888 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = A woman's counsel brought us first to woe, And made her man his paradise forego, Where at heart's ease he hVd; and might have been As free from sorrow as he was from sin. Dryden—Cock and the Fox. L. 557. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 888 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = She hugg'd the offender, and forgave the offence; Sex to the last. Dryden—Cymon and Iphigenia. L. 367. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 888 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = I am resolved to grow fat and look young till forty, and then slip out of the world with the first wrinkle and the reputation of five and twenty. Dryden—The Maiden Queen. Act III. Sc. 1. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 888 }}


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{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Lor', but women's rum cattle to deal with, the first man found that to his cost,


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 WOMAN WONDERS A slighted woman knows no bounds. John Vanbrugh—The Mistake. Pt. I. Act II. Sc. 1. | seealso = (See also ) 2 Let our weakness be what it will, mankind will still be weaker; and whilst there is a world, 'tis woman that will govern it. John Vanbrugh—Provoked Wife. Act III. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 897 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Dux femina facti. A woman was leader in the deed. Vergil—ffineid. I. 364. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Dumas) Valium et mutabile semper, Femina. A woman is always changeable and capricious. Vergil—Mneii. IV. 569. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Francis I}}) | topic = | page = 897 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Furens quid femina possit. That which an enraged woman can accomplish. Vergil—Æneid. V. 6. | seealso = (See also ) | topic = | page = 897 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = All the reasonings of men are not worth one sentiment of women. Voltaire. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 897 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Very learned women are to be found, in the same manner as female warriors; but they are seldom or ever inventors. Voltaire—A Philosophical Dictionary. Women. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 897 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = "Woman" must ever be a woman's highest name, And honors more than "Lady," if I know right. Walter von der Vogelweide. Translated in the Minnesinger of Germany. Woman and Lady. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 897 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = My wife is one of the best wimin on this Continent, altho' she isn't always gentle as a lamb with mint sauce. Artemus Ward—A War Meeting. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 897 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = She is not old, she is not young, The Woman with the Serpent's Tongue. The haggard cheek, the hungering eye, The poisoned words that wildly fly, The famished face, the fevered hand— Who slights the worthiest in the land, Sneers at the just, contemns the brave, And blackens goodness in its grave. William Watson—Woman with the Serpent's Tongue. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 897 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = What cannot a neat knave with a smooth tale Make a woman believe? John Webster—Duchess of Malfi. I. II. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 897 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Not from his head was woman took, As made her husband to o'erlook; Not from his feet, as one designed The footstool of the stronger kind; But fashioned for himself, a bride; An equal, taken from his side. Charles Wesley—Short Hymns on Select Passages of the Holy Scriptures. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Dixon) There are only two kinds of women, the plain and the coloured. | author = Oscar Wilde | work = Dorian Gray. Ch. III. Same in Woman of no Importance. Act III. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 897 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Oh! no one. No one in particular. A woman of no importance. | author = Oscar Wilde | work = Woman of No Importance. Act I. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 897 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Shall I, wasting in despaire, Dye because a woman's faire? Or make pale my cheeks with care Cause another's rosie are? Be shee fairer than the day, ; Or the flow'ry meads in May; If she be not so to me, What care I how faire shee be? George Wither—Mislresse of Philarete. Percy—Reliques. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Raleigh}}) | topic = | page = 897 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = A Creature not too bright or .good For human nature's daily food; For transient sorrows, simple wiles, Praise, blame, love, kisses, tears and smiles. Wordsworth—She was a Phantom of Delight. And now I see with eye serene, The very pulse of the machine; A Being breathing thoughtful breath, A Traveller betwixt life and death; The reason firm, the temperate will, Endurance, foresight, strength, and skill. Wordsworth—She was a Phantom of Delight. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 897 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = A perfect Woman, nobly planned To warn, to comfort, and command. Wordsworth—She was a Phantom of Delight. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 897 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = She was a Phantom of delight When first she gleamed upon my sight; A lovely Apparition, sent To be a moment's ornament. Wordsworth—She was a Phantom of Delight. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 897 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Shalt show us how divine a thing A Woman may be made. Wordsworth—To a Young Lady. Dear Child of Nature. And beautiful as sweet! And young as beautiful! and soft as young! And gay as soft! and innocent as gay. Young—Night Thoughts. Night III. L. 81. WONDERS He shall have chariots easier than air, That I will have invented;. . . And thyself, That art the messenger, shalt ride before him On a horse cut out of an entire diamond. That shall be made to go with golden wheels, I know not how yet. | author = Beaumont and Fletcher | work = A King and No King. Act V. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 897 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = A schoolboy's tale, the wonder of an hour! BYRON-^Cfa'We Harold. Canto II. St. 2. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 897 }}


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 WONDERS WOOING

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = O day and night, but this is wondrous strange. Hamlet. Act I. Sc. 5. L. 164. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Othello) is Can such things be, And overcome us like a summer's cloud, Without our special wonder? Macbeth. Act III. Sc. 4. L. 110. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 898 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Stones have been known to move and trees to Macbeth. Act ID. Sc. 4. L. 123. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 898 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = 'Twas strange, 'twas passing strange; 'Twas pitiful, 'twas wondrous pitiful. Othello. Act I. Sc. 3. L. 160. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Hamlet) There's something in a flying horse, There's something in a huge balloon. Wordsworth—Peter Bell. Prologue. St. 1. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 898 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = We nothing know, but what is marvellous; Yet what is marvellous, we can't believe. Young—Night Thoughts. Night VII. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 898 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Nothing but what astonishes is true. Young—Night Thoughts. Night EX. WOODBINE Lonicera And stroke with listless hand The woodbine through the window, till at last I came to do it with a sort of love. E. B. Browning—Aurora Leigh. Bk. I. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 898 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = A filbert-hedge with wild-briar overtwined, And clumps of woodbine taking the soft wind Upon their summer thrones. Keats—/ Swod Tiptoe Upon a Little Hill. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 898 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = And the woodbine spices are wafted abroad, And the musk of the rose is blown. | author = Tennyson | work = Maud. Pt.XXIl. St. I. M WOOING Thrice happy's the wooing that's not long ac dd ? g '- • So much time is saved in the billing and cooing. R: H. Barham—Sir Rupert the Fearless. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Burton}}) | topic = | page = 898 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Why don't the men propose, mamma? Why don't the men propose? Thomas Haynes Bayly—Songs and Ballads. Why Don't the Men Proposef


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{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Oh! say not woman's heart is bought With vain and empty treasure. • * * * * * Deep in her heart the passion glows; She loves and loves forever. Isaac Pocock. Song, in The Heir of Vironi, produced at Covent Garden, Feb. 27, 1817. , Our grandsire, Adam, ere of Eve possesst, Alone, and e'en in Paradise unblest, With mournful looks the blissful scenes survey 'd,


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 HEART HEAVEN The heart is a small thing, but desireth great matters. It is not sufficient for a kite's dinner, yet the whole world is not sufficient for it. Quarles—Emblems. Bk. I. Hugo de Anima. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 359 }}


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 HELL

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Hell is paved with good intentions. | author = Samuel Johnson | work = (Quoted) Boswell's Life of Johnson. (1775) | seealso = (See also {{sc|Bernard) Et metus ille foras praeceps Acheruntis agundus, Funditus humanam qui vitam turbat ab imo, Omnia suffuscans mortis nigrore, neque ullam Esse voluptatem liquidam puramque relinquit. The dreadful fear of hell is to be driven out, which disturbs the life of man and renders it miserable, overcasting all things with the blackness of darkness, and leaving no pure, unalloyed pleasure. Lucretius—De Berum Natura. III. 37. 6 Look where he goes! but see he comes again Because I stay! Techelles, let us march And weary death with bearing souls to hell. Marlowe—Tamburlane the Great. Act V. Sc.IH. L. 75. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = Heaven | page = 363 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = A dungeon horrible, on all sides round, As one great furnace, flamed; yet from those HELL No light, but rather darkness visible Serv'd only to discover sights of woe, Regions of sorrow, doleful shades, where peace And rest can never dwell, hope never comes That comes to all; but torture without end. | author = Milton | work = Paradise Lost. | place = Bk. I. L. 61. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = Heaven | page = 363 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Hail, horrors, hail, Infernal world! and thou profoundest hell, Receive thy new possessor. | author = Milton | work = Paradise Lost. | place = Bk. I. L. 251. Long is the way And hard, that out of hell leads up to light. | author = Milton | work = Paradise Lost. | place = Bk. II. L. 432. Hell Grew darker at their frown. | author = Milton | work = Paradise Lost. | place = Bk. II. L. 719. n On a sudden open fly With impetuous recoil and jarring sound Th' infernal doors, and on their hinges grate Harsh thunder. » | author = Milton | work = Paradise Lost. | place = Bk. II. L. 879. Nor from hell One step no more than from himself can fly By change of place. | author = Milton | work = Paradise Lost. | place = Bk. IV. L. 21. Myself am Hell; And, in the lowest deep, a lower deep, Still threat'ning to devour me, opens wide; To which the hell I suffer seems a heaven. | author = Milton | work = Paradise Lost. | place = Bk. IV. L. 75. All hell broke loose. | author = Milton | work = Paradise Lost. | place = Bk. IV. L. 918. The gates that now Stood open wide, belching outrageous flame Far into Chaos, since the fiend pass'd through. | author = Milton | work = Paradise Lost. | place = Bk. X. L. 232. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = Heaven | page = 363 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = In inferno nulla est redemptio. There is no redemption from hell. Pope Paul III, when Michael Angelo refused to alter a portrait introduced among the condemned in his "Last Judgment." To rest, the cushion and soft dean invite, Who never mentions hell to ears polite. | author = Pope | work = Moral Essays. Ep. IV. L. 149. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = 15 | text = He knoweth not that the dead are there; and that her guests are in the depths of hell. Proverbs. IX. 18. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = Heaven | page = 363 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Do not be troubled by St. Bernard's saying that "Hell is full of good intentions and wills." Francis de Sales—Letter to Madame db Chantal. (1605) Letter XII. P. 70. Selections from the Spiritual Letters of S. Francis de Sales. Trans, by the author of "A Dominican Artist." Letter LXXT/ in Blaise ed. Quoted also in Letter XXII, Bk. II. of Leonard's ed. (1726) Collet's LaVraieetSolidePiele. Pt. I. Ch.LXXV. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Baxter) Black is the badge of hell, The hue of dungeons and the suit of night. Love's Labour's Lost. Act IV. Sc. 3. L. 254. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = Heaven | page = 363 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = I think the devil will not have me damned, lest the oil that's in me should set hell on fire. Merry Wives of Windsor. Act V. Sc. 5. L. 38. Hell is empty, And all the devils are here. Act I. Sc. 2. L. 214. It has been more wittily than charitably said that hell is paved with good intentions; they have their place in heaven also. Southet—Colloquies on Society. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Bernard}}) | topic = | page = }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = St. Austin might have returned another answer to him that asked him, "What God employed himself about before the world was made?" "He was making hell." | author = Southey | work = Commonplace Book, Fourth Series. P. 591. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Augustine}}) | topic = | page = }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Self-love and the love of the world constitute hell. Swedenborg—Apocalypse Explained. Par. 1,144. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = Heaven | page = 363 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Nay, then, what flames are these that leap and swell As 'twere to show, where earth's foundations crack, The secrets of the sepulchres of hell On Dante's track? Swinburne—In Guernsey. Pt. IV. St. 3. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = Heaven | page = 363 }}


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) | topic = | page = }}


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 368 HOLIDAYS HOLINESS

HOLIDAYS

HOLINESS


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{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Your word is as good as the Bank, sir. Holchoft—The Road to Ruin. Act I. Sc. 3. T 9^*1 ' | seealso = (See also {{sc|Cervantes) Honour is but an itch in youthful blood Of doing acts extravagantly good. Howard—Indian Queen. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = Honor | page = 373 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Great honours are great burdens, but on whom They are cast with envy, he doth bear two loads. His cares must still be double to his joys, In any dignity. Ben Jonson—Catiline. His Conspiracy. Act III. Sc. 1. L. 1. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = Honor | page = 373 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Summum crede nefas, animum prseferre pudori, Et propter vitam vivendi perdere causas. Believe it to be the greatest of all infamies, to prefer your existence to your honor, and for the sake of life to lose every inducement to live. Juvenal—Satires. VIII. 83. Dead on the field of honour. Answer given in the roll-call of La Tour d' Auvergne's regiment after his death. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = Honor | page = 373 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Quod pulcherrimum idem tutissimum est. What is honorable is also safest. Lrvr—Aimales. XXXIV. 14. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = Honor | page = 373 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Perche non i titoli illustrano gli uomini, ma gli uomini i titoli. For titles do not reflect honor on men, but rather men on their titles. Machiavelli—Dei Discorsi. III. 38. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = Honor | page = 373 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Honour is purchas'd by the deeds we do; Until some honourable deed be done. Marlowe—Hero and Leander. First Sistiad. L. 276. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = Honor | page = 373 }}
 * * * honour is not won,

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = To set the cause above renown, To love the game beyond the prize, To honor while you strike him down, The foe that comes with fearless eyes; To count the life of battle good And dear the land that gave you birth, And dearer yet the brotherhood That binds the brave of all the earth. | author = Henry Newboldt | work = Clifton Chapel. | topic = Honor | page = 373 }}