text:
Page:The story of Jack and the Giants (1851).djvu/38

 "No," said Jack, "I cannot be at ease till I find out this monster's dwelling."

The Knight, hearing this, grew sad, and replied, "Noble stranger, it is too much to run a second hazard. This monster lived in a den under yonder mountain, with a brother of his, more fierce and cruel than himself: therefore, if you should go thither and perish in the attempt to overthrow this wicked brother, it would be heart-breaking to me and my lady; so let me persuade you to go with us, and desist from any further pursuit."

"Nay," said Jack, "even if there were twenty, I would shed the last drop of my blood before one of them should escape me. When I have done this task, I will return and visit you."

Jack had not rode a mile and a half before he came in sight of the mouth of the cavern; and nigh the entrance of it he beheld the other Giant sitting on a huge rock, with a knotted iron club in his hand, waiting for his brother. His eyes flashed like flames of ire, his face was grim, and his cheeks seemed like two flitches of bacon; the bristles of his


text:
United States Code/Title 20/Chapter 38

Title 20 — Education — Discrimination Based on Sex or Blindness

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: United States Code/Title 20/Chapter 38


text:
The New International Encyclopædia/Hänel, Albert

HÄNEL, hā'nel, (1833—). A German jurist and politician, born in Leipzig. He studied at Vienna, Leipzig, and Heidelberg, in 1860 became a professor at Königsberg, and in 1863 at Kiel. One of the founders of the Liberal Party in Schleswig-Holstein after the annexation of the duchies to Prussia in 1866, he was elected to the Prussian Chamber of Deputies and the Reichstag of the North German Confederation, and subsequently to the Imperial Reichstag. He became known as a leader of the so-called ‘Fortschrittspartei,’ or Progressists, which, after the fusion with the Secessionists in 1884, was styled the ‘Deutschfreisinnige Partei.’ Upon the breakup of the party in 1893, he represented the ‘Freisinnige Vereinigung’ (Liberal Union), but in the elections of the same year to the Reichstag he was defeated by the Social-Democratic candidate. In 1898 he was reëlected. His writings include: Studien zum deutschen Staatsrecht (1873–88), and Die Gesetzgebung des deutschen Reichs über Konsularwesen und Seeschiffahrt (1875).


text: The story of Jack and the Giants/Part 3

title: The story of Jack and the Giants/Part 3


text:
United States Code/Title 20/Chapter 38/Section 1681

§ 1681. Sex

(a) Prohibition against discrimination; exceptions
No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance, except that:

(1) Classes of educational institutions subject to prohibition

 * in regard to admissions to educational institutions, this section shall apply only to institutions of vocational education, professional education, and graduate higher education, and to public institutions of undergraduate higher education;

(2) Educational institutions commencing planned change in admissions

 * in regard to admissions to educational institutions, this section shall not apply
 * (A) for one year from June 23, 1972, nor for six years after June 23, 1972, in the case of an educational institution which has begun the process of changing from being an institution which admits only students of one sex to being an institution which admits students of both sexes, but only if it is carrying out a plan for such a change which is approved by the Secretary of Education or
 * (B) for seven years from the date an educational institution begins the process of changing from being an institution which admits only students of only one sex to being an institution which admits students of both sexes, but only if it is carrying out a plan for such a change which is approved by the Secretary of Education, whichever is the later;

(3) Educational institutions of religious organizations with contrary religious tenets

 * this section shall not apply to an educational institution which is controlled by a religious organization if the application of this subsection would not be consistent with the religious tenets of such organization;

(4) Educational institutions training individuals for military services or merchant marine

 * this section shall not apply to an educational institution whose primary purpose is the training of individuals for the military services of the United States, or the merchant marine;

(5) Public educational institutions with traditional and continuing admissions policy

 * in regard to admissions this section shall not apply to any public institution of undergraduate higher education which is an institution that traditionally and continually from its establishment has had a policy of admitting only students of one sex;

(6) Social fraternities or sororities; voluntary youth service organizations

 * this section shall not apply to membership practices—
 * (A) of a social fraternity or social sorority which is exempt from taxation under section 501 (a) of title 26, the active membership of which consists primarily of students in attendance at an institution of higher education, or
 * (B) of the Young Men’s Christian Association, Young Women’s Christian Association, Girl Scouts, Boy Scouts, Camp Fire Girls, and voluntary youth service organizations which are so exempt, the membership of which has traditionally been limited to persons of one sex and principally to persons of less than nineteen years of age;

(7) Boy or Girl conferences

 * this section shall not apply to—
 * (A) any program or activity of the American Legion undertaken in connection with the organization or operation of any Boys State conference, Boys Nation conference, Girls State conference, or Girls Nation conference; or
 * (B) any program or activity of any secondary school or educational institution specifically for—
 * (i) the promotion of any Boys State conference, Boys Nation conference, Girls State conference, or Girls Nation conference; or
 * (ii) the selection of students to attend any such conference;

(8) Father-son or mother-daughter activities at educational institutions

 * this section shall not preclude father-son or mother-daughter activities at an educational institution, but if such activities are provided for students of one sex, opportunities for reasonably comparable activities shall be provided for students of the other sex; and

(9) Institution of higher education scholarship awards in “beauty” pageants

 * this section shall not apply with respect to any scholarship or other financial assistance awarded by an institution of higher education to any individual because such individual has received such award in any pageant in which the attainment of such award is based upon a combination of factors related to the personal appearance, poise, and talent of such individual and in which participation is limited to individuals of one sex only, so long as such pageant is in compliance with other nondiscrimination provisions of Federal law.

(b) Preferential or disparate treatment because of imbalance in participation or receipt of Federal benefits; statistical evidence of imbalance
Nothing contained in subsection (a) of this section shall be interpreted to require any educational institution to grant preferential or disparate treatment to the members of one sex on account of an imbalance which may exist with respect to the total number or percentage of persons of that sex participating in or receiving the benefits of any federally supported program or activity, in comparison with the total number or percentage of persons of that sex in any community, State, section, or other area: Provided, That this subsection shall not be construed to prevent the consideration in any hearing or proceeding under this chapter of statistical evidence tending to show that such an imbalance exists with respect to the participation in, or receipt of the benefits of, any such program or activity by the members of one sex.

(c) "Educational institution" defined
For purposes of this chapter an educational institution means any public or private preschool, elementary, or secondary school, or any institution of vocational, professional, or higher education, except that in the case of an educational institution composed of more than one school, college, or department which are administratively separate units, such term means each such school, college, or department.


text: The story of Jack and the Giants/Part 4

title: The story of Jack and the Giants/Part 4


text:
Page:Register of debates in congress, v6.djvu/100

92.] Sir, if Congress should ever attempt to enforce any such laws, they would put themselves so clearly in the wrong, that no one could doubt the right of the State to exert its protecting power.

Sir, the gentleman has alluded to that portion of the militia of South Carolina with which I have the honor to be connected, and asked how they would act in the event of the nullification of the tariff law by the State of South Carolina' The tone of the gentleman, on this subject, did not seem to me as respectful as I could have desired. I hope, air, no imputation was intended.

[Mr. WEBSTER. "Not at all; just the reverse."] Well, sir, the gentleman asks what their leaders would be able to read to them out of Coke upon Littleton, or any other law book, to justify their enterprise? Sir, let me assure the gentleman that, whenever any attempt shall be made from any quarter, to enforce unconstitutional laws, clearly violating our essential rights, our leaders (whoever they may be) will not be found reading black letter from the musty pages of old law books. They will look to the constitution, and when called upon, by the sovereign authority of the State, to preserve ami protect the rights secured to them by the charter of their liberties, they will succeed in defending them, or "perish in the last ditch."

Sir, I will put the case home to the gentleman. Is there any violation of the constitutional rights of the States, and the liberties of the citizen, (sanctioned by Congress and the Supreme Court) which he would believe it to be the right and duty of a State to resist? Does he contend for the doctrine of "passive obedience and nonresistance?" Would he justify an open resistance to an act of Congress sanctioned by the courts, which should abolish the trial by jury, or destroy the freedom of religion, or the freedom of the press? Yes, sir, he would advocate resistance in such cases; and so would I, and so would all of us. But such resistance would, according to his doctrine, be revolution; it would be rebellion. According to my opinion, it would be just, legal, and constitutional resistance. The whole difference between us, then, consists in this. The gentleman would make force the only arbiter in all cases of collision between the States and the Federal Government. 1 would resort to a peaceful remedy, the interposition of the State to "arrest the progress of the evil," until such time as "a convention (assembled at the call of Congress, or two thirds of the States) shall decide to which they mean to give an authority claimed by two of their organs." Sir, I say with Mr. Jefferson, (whose words I have here borrowed) that "it is the peculiar wisdom and felicity of our constitution to have provided this peaceable appeal, where that of other nations" (and I may add that of the gentleman) " is at once to force."

The gentleman has made an eloquent appeal to our hearts in favor of union. Sir, I cordially respond to that appeal. I will yield to no gentleman here in sincere attachment to the Union,—but it is a Union founded on the Constitution, and not such a Union as that gentleman would give us, that is dear to my heart. If this is to become one great “consolidated government,” swallowing up the rights of the States, and the liberties of the citizen, “riding and ruling over the plundered ploughman, and beggared yeomanry,” the Union will not be worth preserving. Sir it is because South Carolina loves the Union, and would preserve it forever, that she is opposing now, while there is hope, those usurpations of the Federal Government, which, once established, will, sooner or later, tear this Union into fragments. The gentleman is for marching under a banner studded all over with stars, and bearing the inscription Liberty and Union. I had thought, sir, the gentleman would have borne a standard, displaying in its ample folds a brilliant sun, extending its golden rays from the centre to the extremities, in the brightness of whose beams, the “little stars hide their diminished heads.” Our’s, Sir, is the banner of the Constitution, the twenty-four stars are there in all their undiminished lustre, on it is inscribed, Liberty—the Constitution—Union. We offer up our fervent prayers to the Father of all mercies, that it may continue to wave for ages yet to come, over a free, a happy, and a united people.

Mr. WEBSTER now took the floor, in conclusion, and said: A few words, Mr. President, on this constitutional argument, which the honorable gentleman has labored to reconstruct.

His argument consists of two propositions, and an inference. His propositions are—

 * 1) That the constitution is a compact between the States.
 * 2) That a compact between two, with authority reserved to one to interpret its terms, would be a surrender to that one, of all power whatever.
 * 3) Therefore, (such is his inference) the General Government does not possess the authority to construe its own powers.

Now, sir, who does not see, without the aid of exposition or detection, the utter confusion of ideas, involved in this, so elaborate and systematic argument'

The constitution, it is said, is a compact between States; the States, then, and the States only, are parties to the compact. How comes the General Government itself a party? Upon the honorable gentleman's hypothesis, the General Government is the result of the compact, the creature of the compact, not one of the parties to it. Yet the argument, as the gentleman has now stated it, makes the Government itself one of its own creators. It makes it a party to that compact to which it owes its own existence.

For the purpose of erecting the constitution on the basis of a compact, the gentleman considers the States as parties to that compact; but as soon as his compact is made, then he chooses to consider the General Government, which is the offspring of that compact, not its offspring, but one of its parties; and so, being a party, has not the power of judging on the terms of compact. Pray, sir, in what school is such reasoning as this taught?

If the whole of the gentleman's main proposition were conceded to him, that is to say—if I admit for the sake of the argument, that the constitution is a compact between States, the inferences which he draws from that proposition are warranted by no just reason. Because, if the constitution be a compact between States, still, that constitution, or that compact, has established a Government, with certain powers; and whether it be one of those powers, that it shall construe and interpret for itself the terms of the compact, in doubtful cases, can only be decided bylooking to the compact, and inquiring what provisions it contains on this point. Without any inconsistency with natural reason, the Government, even thus created, might be trusted with this power of construction. The extent of its powers, therefore, must still be sought for in the instrument itself.

If the old confederation had contained a clause, declaring that resolutions of the Congress should be the supreme law of the land, any State law or constitution to the contrary notwithstanding, and that a committee of Congress, or any other body created by it, should possess judicial powers, extending to all cases arising under resolutions of Congress, then the power of ultimate decision would have been vested in Congress, under the confederation, although that confederation was a compact between States* and for this plain reason, that it would have been competent to the States, who alone were parties to the compact, to agree who should decide in cases of dispute arising on the construction of the compact.

For the same reason, sir, if I were now to concede to the gentleman his principal propositions, viz. that the Constitution is a compact between States, the question would still be, what provision is made, in this compact, to settle


text: Page:How They Succeeded.djvu/20

title: Page:How They Succeeded.djvu/20


text: Page:How They Succeeded.djvu/22

title: Page:How They Succeeded.djvu/22


text: Page:How They Succeeded.djvu/4

title: Page:How They Succeeded.djvu/4


text: Page:How They Succeeded.djvu/3

title: Page:How They Succeeded.djvu/3


text: Page:How They Succeeded.djvu/2

title: Page:How They Succeeded.djvu/2


text: Page:How They Succeeded.djvu/1

title: Page:How They Succeeded.djvu/1


text: Page:How They Succeeded.djvu/245

title: Page:How They Succeeded.djvu/245


text:
The New International Encyclopædia/Hanfstängl, Franz

HANFSTÄNGL, hänf'stĕng'l, Franz (1804-77). A German lithographer and photographer, born in Bayernrain. He studied lithography under Mitterer at Munich, and spent six years in the Munich Academy (1819-25). He went to Dresden in the following year and began his great work, completed in 1852, of copying in lithograph the canvases of the Dresden Gallery. In 1844 he returned to Munich, leaving his establishment at Dresden to his brothers Max and Hans. From 1848 to 1853 he gave up lithography for galvanography, and then devoted himself almost entirely to photography and later to photogravure and heliogravure. His son (1842—) succeeded to the business in 1868. The most important publications of the house are the periodical Die Kunst unserer Zeit, first published in 1890, and fine collections of carbon-print reproductions, including the contents of the principal European galleries, and the Galerie moderner Meister.


text:
Page:How They Succeeded.djvu/246

 General Lew Wallace in his study.

(See page 241.)

title: Page:How They Succeeded.djvu/246


text: Page:How They Succeeded.djvu/278

title: Page:How They Succeeded.djvu/278


text: Page:How They Succeeded.djvu/277

title: Page:How They Succeeded.djvu/277


text: Page:How They Succeeded.djvu/300

title: Page:How They Succeeded.djvu/300


text:
Page:How They Succeeded.djvu/299

 The race between the "Vigilant" and the "Valkyrie."

(The "Vigilant," Herreshoff boat, the winner.)

title: Page:How They Succeeded.djvu/299


text: Page:How They Succeeded.djvu/379

title: Page:How They Succeeded.djvu/379


text: Page:How They Succeeded.djvu/376

title: Page:How They Succeeded.djvu/376


text: Index:How They Succeeded.djvu

title: Index:How They Succeeded.djvu


text:
Page:A Christmas Faggot (1884, Gurney).djvu/42

24 The presence of a 'holy thing,'

Madonna-wise, her heart discerns,

And like a fragrant censer burns,

O'ershadowed by an angel's wing.

Her brooding motherhood is strong;

A trembling joy her bosom stirs,

Her thoughts are white-robed worshippers,

'Magnificat' is all her song.

'Mid angels whispering 'all-hails'

The waking moment she awaits,

The opening of two pearly gates,

The lifting of two silken veils.


text:
Page:A Christmas Faggot (1884, Gurney).djvu/43

Rh Ah! then, what words can tell the bliss,

The rapture of the fond embrace,

When mother's lips on baby's face,

Feast and are feasted with a kiss?

And who can tell of hands and feet

The dimpled wonders, hidden charms,

The dainty curves of legs and arms,

So sweet and soft, so soft and sweet?

This is the world's possession still.

The treasure-trove of wedded hearts,

Whereby a Father's love imparts

His joy, their gladness to fulfil.


text:
Page:A Christmas Faggot (1884, Gurney).djvu/44

empty stands a little cradle-bed,

A mother's falling tears the only sound;

But not of earth her thoughts, nor underground;

Up-gazing she discerns the Fountain-head

Of life; the living Voice she hears that said

'Fear not' to weeping women who had found

An empty tomb, and angels watching round,

Who asked 'Why seek the living with the dead?'


text:
Page:A Christmas Faggot (1884, Gurney).djvu/45

Rh So weeps our Mother Church—her tears outshine

Sun-smitten dewdrops on a summer's morn;

God's rainbow girdles her, Hope's lovely sign,

Whereby she knows that smiles of tears are born;

Fulfilled of life herself, she would assure

Her children all of death's discomfiture.


text:
The New International Encyclopædia/Hang-chow

HANG-CHOW, häng'chou'. A foo or departmental city of China, and capital of the Province of Che-kiang, the smallest of the 18 provinces (Map: China, E 5). It is situated near the southern end of the Grand Canal, within two miles of the left bank of the Ts'ien- (or Ch'ien-) tang River. Its walls have a circuit of 12 miles, are 30 to 40 feet high, 20 to 30 feet thick, and are pierced with 10 large gates, controlled by the Tatar general, who has a force of 7000

Tatars under his control. The streets are tolerably wide and clean, and there are many good shops. The principal street which runs from north to south is four miles long. The western wall is washed by the famous Hsi-hu or West Lake, the chief attraction of the city. It is a beautiful sheet of water about eight miles in circumference, dotted with islands on which are built monasteries, memorial balls, and shrines. On its western side is an abrupt but magnificent range of hills. A little farther to the west are numerous finely situated Buddhist temples to which tens of thousands of pilgrims repair daily. Hang-chow has long been noted for its magnificence, its wealth, and its luxury. Marco Polo visited it several times toward the close of the thirteenth century, and describes it as 100 miles in circuit, and gives the number of its bridges as 12,000, all of them of stone. The name he gives it is Kinsay, a corruption of Chinese Kingsze, meaning ‘capital’ or ‘metropolis,’ Hang-chow having become in 1127 the capital of the Sung dynasty when the Kin Tatars conquered the northern provinces.

In December, 1806, Hang-chow was opened to foreign residence and trade in accordance with a treaty made at Shimonoseki between the Chinese and Japanese in the spring of the preceding year. A foreign settlement containing 1809 mou or Chinese acres, or about 300 English acres, has been laid off on the east bank of the Grand Canal about 10 li (3⅓ English miles) from the Wun-li Gate. It is described as low and marshy, and infested with mosquitoes. Comnumication with the city can be maintained by small canals leading from the Grand Canal. Hang-chow is noted for its silk. Here is the Imperial silk-factory in which are woven the beautiful silk fabrics for the use of the Imperial household, and there are about 7000 private looms giving employment to about 30,000 persons. There is also a cotton-spinning mill with 15,000 spindles. Hang-chow is noted for its fans, and fan-making is an important industry. It has no direct foreign trade, all produce of native origin finding its way to Shanghai by the canal or coastwise, and foreign goods come in in the same way. The exports consist chiefly of silk, paper fans, lotus-nuts, and tea; and the imports of copper and spelter from Japan for use in the mint, and of native produce, of brass buttons, leather, and tobacco. In 1899 the gross trade of the city passing through the custom-house amounted to 12,000,000 taels. The Ts'ien-tang River and the Grand Canal are the chief arteries of inland trade. The former is navigable at all seasons, but unfortunately is tortuous and shallow, and at certain seasons of the year is subject to an ‘eagre’ or ‘bore’ which rises to a height of 15 feet, and has a velocity of 15 miles an hour. Further it is not connected with the Grand Canal, some miles distant, and the transfer of goods and passengers is very slow, troublesome, and expensive. There are 400 houses engaged in the steam-launch transportation business on the canal, and the journey to Shanghai may be made in from 20 to 24 hours. The seaport of Hang-chow is Chapu, 20 miles lower down the river. The population of the city proper is estimated at 500,000, but the suburbs, which are properly included in the name Hang-chow, are densely populated, and the whole may be set down as 800,000. On December 29, 1861, Hang-chow was captured by the Tai-ping rebels after a protracted siege in which it suffered much.

. Marco Polo, edited by Yule (2 vols., London, 1874); Notes on Hangchow, by G. E. Moule (1889); and Scidmore, China, the Long-lived Empire (New York, 1900).


text:
Page:A Christmas Faggot (1884, Gurney).djvu/46

grant through coming years and days

Our beating hearts may be

The harps that celebrate His praise

Who loves eternally!

No ache can be without relief

When Love Himself draws near;

No cup can empty stand, no grief

Embitter God's New Year.


text:
Page:A Christmas Faggot (1884, Gurney).djvu/47

Rh Time's footsteps quickly die away,

Soon emptied is his glass;

We wait for an oncoming Day

Which nevermore shall pass.

Old hopes revive, new hopes are born,

The coming months to cheer;

And phantom-fears and griefs outworn

Die with the dying year.

Oh, all the years and all the days

Our waiting hearts shall be

Harps tremulous with His dear praise

Whose is Eternity!


text:
Page:A Christmas Faggot (1884, Gurney).djvu/48

sun methinks rose rosy-red

On that great New Year's Day,

When Blood was in the cradle shed

Where Mary's Darling lay.

The lark, uprising with the sun,

Was silent on the wing;

The nightingale, when day was done,

Forgot her song to sing.


text:
United States Code/Title 42/Chapter 21/Section 2000e

§ 2000e. Definitions

For the purposes of this subchapter—
 * (a) The term “person” includes one or more individuals, governments, governmental agencies, political subdivisions, labor unions, partnerships, associations, corporations, legal representatives, mutual companies, joint-stock companies, trusts, unincorporated organizations, trustees, trustees in cases under title 11, or receivers.
 * (b) The term “employer” means a person engaged in an industry affecting commerce who has fifteen or more employees for each working day in each of twenty or more calendar weeks in the current or preceding calendar year, and any agent of such a person, but such term does not include
 * (1) the United States, a corporation wholly owned by the Government of the United States, an Indian tribe, or any department or agency of the District of Columbia subject by statute to procedures of the competitive service (as defined in section 2102 of title 5), or
 * (2) a bona fide private membership club (other than a labor organization) which is exempt from taxation under section 501 (c) of title 26, except that during the first year after March 24, 1972, persons having fewer than twenty-five employees (and their agents) shall not be considered employers.
 * (c) The term “employment agency” means any person regularly undertaking with or without compensation to procure employees for an employer or to procure for employees opportunities to work for an employer and includes an agent of such a person.
 * (d) The term “labor organization” means a labor organization engaged in an industry affecting commerce, and any agent of such an organization, and includes any organization of any kind, any agency, or employee representation committee, group, association, or plan so engaged in which employees participate and which exists for the purpose, in whole or in part, of dealing with employers concerning grievances, labor disputes, wages, rates of pay, hours, or other terms or conditions of employment, and any conference, general committee, joint or system board, or joint council so engaged which is subordinate to a national or international labor organization.
 * (e) A labor organization shall be deemed to be engaged in an industry affecting commerce if
 * (1) it maintains or operates a hiring hall or hiring office which procures employees for an employer or procures for employees opportunities to work for an employer, or
 * (2) the number of its members (or, where it is a labor organization composed of other labor organizations or their representatives, if the aggregate number of the members of such other labor organization) is
 * (A) twenty-five or more during the first year after March 24, 1972, or
 * (B) fifteen or more thereafter, and such labor organization—
 * (1) is the certified representative of employees under the provisions of the National Labor Relations Act, as amended [ 29 U.S.C. 151 et seq.], or the Railway Labor Act, as amended [ 45 U.S.C. 151 et seq.];
 * (2) although not certified, is a national or international labor organization or a local labor organization recognized or acting as the representative of employees of an employer or employers engaged in an industry affecting commerce; or
 * (3) has chartered a local labor organization or subsidiary body which is representing or actively seeking to represent employees of employers within the meaning of paragraph (1) or (2); or
 * (4) has been chartered by a labor organization representing or actively seeking to represent employees within the meaning of paragraph (1) or (2) as the local or subordinate body through which such employees may enjoy membership or become affiliated with such labor organization; or
 * (5) is a conference, general committee, joint or system board, or joint council subordinate to a national or international labor organization, which includes a labor organization engaged in an industry affecting commerce within the meaning of any of the preceding paragraphs of this subsection.
 * (f) The term “employee” means an individual employed by an employer, except that the term “employee” shall not include any person elected to public office in any State or political subdivision of any State by the qualified voters thereof, or any person chosen by such officer to be on such officer’s personal staff, or an appointee on the policy making level or an immediate adviser with respect to the exercise of the constitutional or legal powers of the office. The exemption set forth in the preceding sentence shall not include employees subject to the civil service laws of a State government, governmental agency or political subdivision. With respect to employment in a foreign country, such term includes an individual who is a citizen of the United States.
 * (g) The term “commerce” means trade, traffic, commerce, transportation, transmission, or communication among the several States; or between a State and any place outside thereof; or within the District of Columbia, or a possession of the United States; or between points in the same State but through a point outside thereof.
 * (h) The term “industry affecting commerce” means any activity, business, or industry in commerce or in which a labor dispute would hinder or obstruct commerce or the free flow of commerce and includes any activity or industry “affecting commerce” within the meaning of the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 [ 29 U.S.C. 401 et seq.], and further includes any governmental industry, business, or activity.
 * (i) The term “State” includes a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, Wake Island, the Canal Zone, and Outer Continental Shelf lands defined in the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act [ 43 U.S.C. 1331 et seq.].
 * (j) The term “religion” includes all aspects of religious observance and practice, as well as belief, unless an employer demonstrates that he is unable to reasonably accommodate to an employee’s or prospective employee’s religious observance or practice without undue hardship on the conduct of the employer’s business.
 * (k) The terms “because of sex” or “on the basis of sex” include, but are not limited to, because of or on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions; and women affected by pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions shall be treated the same for all employment-related purposes, including receipt of benefits under fringe benefit programs, as other persons not so affected but similar in their ability or inability to work, and nothing in section 2000e–2 (h) of this title shall be interpreted to permit otherwise. This subsection shall not require an employer to pay for health insurance benefits for abortion, except where the life of the mother would be endangered if the fetus were carried to term, or except where medical complications have arisen from an abortion: Provided, That nothing herein shall preclude an employer from providing abortion benefits or otherwise affect bargaining agreements in regard to abortion.
 * (l) The term “complaining party” means the Commission, the Attorney General, or a person who may bring an action or proceeding under this subchapter.
 * (m) The term “demonstrates” means meets the burdens of production and persuasion.
 * (n) The term “respondent” means an employer, employment agency, labor organization, joint labor-management committee controlling apprenticeship or other training or retraining program, including an on-the-job training program, or Federal entity subject to section 2000e–16 of this title.


text:
Page:A Christmas Faggot (1884, Gurney).djvu/49

Rh A holy silence reigned around,

And hushed was every voice,

When in the crib the Cross was found,

The Infant-Victim's choice.

As moonbeam on a mountain-mere

The Mother's face was white;

Her eyes were stars, and every tear

Gave lustre to their light.

Methinks a blushing moon looked down

Upon that manger-bed,

And wove a mystic glory-crown

Around the Sleeper's head.


text:
Page:A Christmas Faggot (1884, Gurney).djvu/50

32 The silence issues in a song,

It rises and it swells;

E'en than the lark's more blithe and strong,

Sweeter than Philomel's,

His Church's anthem loud and long

The Victim's triumph tells.


text:
United States Code/Title 42/Chapter 21/Section 2000e-1

§ 2000e-1. Exemption

(a) Inapplicability of subchapter to certain aliens and employees of religious entities
This subchapter shall not apply to an employer with respect to the employment of aliens outside any State, or to a religious corporation, association, educational institution, or society with respect to the employment of individuals of a particular religion to perform work connected with the carrying on by such corporation, association, educational institution, or society of its activities.

(b) Compliance with statute as violative of foreign law
It shall not be unlawful under section 2000e–2 or 2000e–3 of this title for an employer (or a corporation controlled by an employer), labor organization, employment agency, or joint labor-management committee controlling apprenticeship or other training or retraining (including on-the-job training programs) to take any action otherwise prohibited by such section, with respect to an employee in a workplace in a foreign country if compliance with such section would cause such employer (or such corporation), such organization, such agency, or such committee to violate the law of the foreign country in which such workplace is located.

(c) Control of corporation incorporated in foreign country

 * (1) If an employer controls a corporation whose place of incorporation is a foreign country, any practice prohibited by section 2000e–2 or 2000e–3 of this title engaged in by such corporation shall be presumed to be engaged in by such employer.
 * (2) Sections 2000e–2 and 2000e–3 of this title shall not apply with respect to the foreign operations of an employer that is a foreign person not controlled by an American employer.
 * (3) For purposes of this subsection, the determination of whether an employer controls a corporation shall be based on—
 * (A) the interrelation of operations;
 * (B) the common management;
 * (C) the centralized control of labor relations; and
 * (D) the common ownership or financial control,
 * of the employer and the corporation.


text:
Page:A Christmas Faggot (1884, Gurney).djvu/51

boyhood's sorrow-shadowed days,

Which memory recalls to-day,

In many moods and many ways,

My yearning heart would pray.

'Twas holy ground where'er I set

My feet, God's shrine was everywhere;

But this I scarcely knew as yet—

Christ is His Fathers Prayer.


text:
Page:A Christmas Faggot (1884, Gurney).djvu/52

34 God ever seeks His children's bliss,

Appeals to them; and, rightly heard,

The music of creation is

The echo of His Word.

But when the child has learnt his part,

The echo is an answer strong;

A prayer up-springing from the heart

That blossoms in a song.

Christ is the Living Word of God,

His Poem and His Prophecy;

The homeward way His Feet have trod

Mankind must travel by.


text:
United States Code/Title 42/Chapter 21/Section 2000e-2

§ 2000e-2. Unlawful employment practices

(a) Employer practices
It shall be an unlawful employment practice for an employer—
 * (1) to fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual, or otherwise to discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual’s race, color, religion, sex, or national origin; or
 * (2) to limit, segregate, or classify his employees or applicants for employment in any way which would deprive or tend to deprive any individual of employment opportunities or otherwise adversely affect his status as an employee, because of such individual’s race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

(b) Employment agency practices
It shall be an unlawful employment practice for an employment agency to fail or refuse to refer for employment, or otherwise to discriminate against, any individual because of his race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, or to classify or refer for employment any individual on the basis of his race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

(c) Labor organization practices
It shall be an unlawful employment practice for a labor organization—
 * (1) to exclude or to expel from its membership, or otherwise to discriminate against, any individual because of his race, color, religion, sex, or national origin;
 * (2) to limit, segregate, or classify its membership or applicants for membership, or to classify or fail or refuse to refer for employment any individual, in any way which would deprive or tend to deprive any individual of employment opportunities, or would limit such employment opportunities or otherwise adversely affect his status as an employee or as an applicant for employment, because of such individual’s race, color, religion, sex, or national origin; or
 * (3) to cause or attempt to cause an employer to discriminate against an individual in violation of this section.

(d) Training programs
It shall be an unlawful employment practice for any employer, labor organization, or joint labor-management committee controlling apprenticeship or other training or retraining, including on-the-job training programs to discriminate against any individual because of his race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in admission to, or employment in, any program established to provide apprenticeship or other training.

(e) Businesses or enterprises with personnel qualified on basis of religion, sex, or national origin; educational institutions with personnel of particular religion
Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter,
 * (1) it shall not be an unlawful employment practice for an employer to hire and employ employees, for an employment agency to classify, or refer for employment any individual, for a labor organization to classify its membership or to classify or refer for employment any individual, or for an employer, labor organization, or joint labor-management committee controlling apprenticeship or other training or retraining programs to admit or employ any individual in any such program, on the basis of his religion, sex, or national origin in those certain instances where religion, sex, or national origin is a bona fide occupational qualification reasonably necessary to the normal operation of that particular business or enterprise, and
 * (2) it shall not be an unlawful employment practice for a school, college, university, or other educational institution or institution of learning to hire and employ employees of a particular religion if such school, college, university, or other educational institution or institution of learning is, in whole or in substantial part, owned, supported, controlled, or managed by a particular religion or by a particular religious corporation, association, or society, or if the curriculum of such school, college, university, or other educational institution or institution of learning is directed toward the propagation of a particular religion.

(f) Members of Communist Party or Communist-action or Communist-front organizations
As used in this subchapter, the phrase “unlawful employment practice” shall not be deemed to include any action or measure taken by an employer, labor organization, joint labor-management committee, or employment agency with respect to an individual who is a member of the Communist Party of the United States or of any other organization required to register as a Communist-action or Communist-front organization by final order of the Subversive Activities Control Board pursuant to the Subversive Activities Control Act of 1950 [ 50 U.S.C. 781 et seq.].

(g) National security
Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter, it shall not be an unlawful employment practice for an employer to fail or refuse to hire and employ any individual for any position, for an employer to discharge any individual from any position, or for an employment agency to fail or refuse to refer any individual for employment in any position, or for a labor organization to fail or refuse to refer any individual for employment in any position, if—
 * (1) the occupancy of such position, or access to the premises in or upon which any part of the duties of such position is performed or is to be performed, is subject to any requirement imposed in the interest of the national security of the United States under any security program in effect pursuant to or administered under any statute of the United States or any Executive order of the President; and
 * (2) such individual has not fulfilled or has ceased to fulfill that requirement.

(h) Seniority or merit system; quantity or quality of production; ability tests; compensation based on sex and authorized by minimum wage provisions
Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter, it shall not be an unlawful employment practice for an employer to apply different standards of compensation, or different terms, conditions, or privileges of employment pursuant to a bona fide seniority or merit system, or a system which measures earnings by quantity or quality of production or to employees who work in different locations, provided that such differences are not the result of an intention to discriminate because of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, nor shall it be an unlawful employment practice for an employer to give and to act upon the results of any professionally developed ability test provided that such test, its administration or action upon the results is not designed, intended or used to discriminate because of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. It shall not be an unlawful employment practice under this subchapter for any employer to differentiate upon the basis of sex in determining the amount of the wages or compensation paid or to be paid to employees of such employer if such differentiation is authorized by the provisions of section 206 (d) of title 29.

(i) Businesses or enterprises extending preferential treatment to Indians
Nothing contained in this subchapter shall apply to any business or enterprise on or near an Indian reservation with respect to any publicly announced employment practice of such business or enterprise under which a preferential treatment is given to any individual because he is an Indian living on or near a reservation.

(j) Preferential treatment not to be granted on account of existing number or percentage imbalance
Nothing contained in this subchapter shall be interpreted to require any employer, employment agency, labor organization, or joint labor-management committee subject to this subchapter to grant preferential treatment to any individual or to any group because of the race, color, religion, sex, or national origin of such individual or group on account of an imbalance which may exist with respect to the total number or percentage of persons of any race, color, religion, sex, or national origin employed by any employer, referred or classified for employment by any employment agency or labor organization, admitted to membership or classified by any labor organization, or admitted to, or employed in, any apprenticeship or other training program, in comparison with the total number or percentage of persons of such race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in any community, State, section, or other area, or in the available work force in any community, State, section, or other area.

(k) Burden of proof in disparate impact cases

 * (1)
 * (A) An unlawful employment practice based on disparate impact is established under this subchapter only if—
 * (i) a complaining party demonstrates that a respondent uses a particular employment practice that causes a disparate impact on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin and the respondent fails to demonstrate that the challenged practice is job related for the position in question and consistent with business necessity; or
 * (ii) the complaining party makes the demonstration described in subparagraph (C) with respect to an alternative employment practice and the respondent refuses to adopt such alternative employment practice.
 * (B)
 * (i) With respect to demonstrating that a particular employment practice causes a disparate impact as described in subparagraph (A)(i), the complaining party shall demonstrate that each particular challenged employment practice causes a disparate impact, except that if the complaining party can demonstrate to the court that the elements of a respondent’s decisionmaking process are not capable of separation for analysis, the decisionmaking process may be analyzed as one employment practice.
 * (ii) If the respondent demonstrates that a specific employment practice does not cause the disparate impact, the respondent shall not be required to demonstrate that such practice is required by business necessity.
 * (C) The demonstration referred to by subparagraph (A)(ii) shall be in accordance with the law as it existed on June 4, 1989, with respect to the concept of “alternative employment practice”.
 * (2) A demonstration that an employment practice is required by business necessity may not be used as a defense against a claim of intentional discrimination under this subchapter.
 * (3) Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter, a rule barring the employment of an individual who currently and knowingly uses or possesses a controlled substance, as defined in schedules I and II of section 102(6) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802 (6)), other than the use or possession of a drug taken under the supervision of a licensed health care professional, or any other use or possession authorized by the Controlled Substances Act [ 21 U.S.C. 801 et seq.] or any other provision of Federal law, shall be considered an unlawful employment practice under this subchapter only if such rule is adopted or applied with an intent to discriminate because of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

(l) Prohibition of discriminatory use of test scores
It shall be an unlawful employment practice for a respondent, in connection with the selection or referral of applicants or candidates for employment or promotion, to adjust the scores of, use different cutoff scores for, or otherwise alter the results of, employment related tests on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

(m) Impermissible consideration of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in employment practices
Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, an unlawful employment practice is established when the complaining party demonstrates that race, color, religion, sex, or national origin was a motivating factor for any employment practice, even though other factors also motivated the practice.

(n) Resolution of challenges to employment practices implementing litigated or consent judgments or orders

 * (1)
 * (A) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, and except as provided in paragraph (2), an employment practice that implements and is within the scope of a litigated or consent judgment or order that resolves a claim of employment discrimination under the Constitution or Federal civil rights laws may not be challenged under the circumstances described in subparagraph (B).
 * (B) A practice described in subparagraph (A) may not be challenged in a claim under the Constitution or Federal civil rights laws—
 * (i) by a person who, prior to the entry of the judgment or order described in subparagraph (A), had—
 * (I) actual notice of the proposed judgment or order sufficient to apprise such person that such judgment or order might adversely affect the interests and legal rights of such person and that an opportunity was available to present objections to such judgment or order by a future date certain; and
 * (II) a reasonable opportunity to present objections to such judgment or order; or
 * (ii) by a person whose interests were adequately represented by another person who had previously challenged the judgment or order on the same legal grounds and with a similar factual situation, unless there has been an intervening change in law or fact.
 * (2) Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to—
 * (A) alter the standards for intervention under rule 24 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure or apply to the rights of parties who have successfully intervened pursuant to such rule in the proceeding in which the parties intervened;
 * (B) apply to the rights of parties to the action in which a litigated or consent judgment or order was entered, or of members of a class represented or sought to be represented in such action, or of members of a group on whose behalf relief was sought in such action by the Federal Government;
 * (C) prevent challenges to a litigated or consent judgment or order on the ground that such judgment or order was obtained through collusion or fraud, or is transparently invalid or was entered by a court lacking subject matter jurisdiction; or
 * (D) authorize or permit the denial to any person of the due process of law required by the Constitution.
 * (3) Any action not precluded under this subsection that challenges an employment consent judgment or order described in paragraph (1) shall be brought in the court, and if possible before the judge, that entered such judgment or order. Nothing in this subsection shall preclude a transfer of such action pursuant to section 1404 of title 28.


text:
Page:A Christmas Faggot (1884, Gurney).djvu/53

Rh And every man, God's child and priest,

Is pledged to ministry divine,

Who sees the Ruler of life's feast

Turn water into wine;

Who hears the Father's voice above,

The Spirit's whispering within;

Who knows the Messenger of love

The Conqueror of sin.

Responsive to God's call, our Prayer

Art Thou, dear Lord, whene'er we pray;

So always now, and everywhere,

My heart keeps holiday.

 * Feast of the Holy Name, 1883.
 * Feast of the Holy Name, 1883.


text:
United States Code/Title 42/Chapter 21/Section 2000e-3

§ 2000e-3. Other unlawful employment practices

(a) Discrimination for making charges, testifying, assisting, or participating in enforcement proceedings
It shall be an unlawful employment practice for an employer to discriminate against any of his employees or applicants for employment, for an employment agency, or joint labor-management committee controlling apprenticeship or other training or retraining, including on-the-job training programs, to discriminate against any individual, or for a labor organization to discriminate against any member thereof or applicant for membership, because he has opposed any practice made an unlawful employment practice by this subchapter, or because he has made a charge, testified, assisted, or participated in any manner in an investigation, proceeding, or hearing under this subchapter.

(b) Printing or publication of notices or advertisements indicating prohibited preference, limitation, specification, or discrimination; occupational qualification exception
It shall be an unlawful employment practice for an employer, labor organization, employment agency, or joint labor-management committee controlling apprenticeship or other training or retraining, including on-the-job training programs, to print or publish or cause to be printed or published any notice or advertisement relating to employment by such an employer or membership in or any classification or referral for employment by such a labor organization, or relating to any classification or referral for employment by such an employment agency, or relating to admission to, or employment in, any program established to provide apprenticeship or other training by such a joint labor-management committee, indicating any preference, limitation, specification, or discrimination, based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, except that such a notice or advertisement may indicate a preference, limitation, specification, or discrimination based on religion, sex, or national origin when religion, sex, or national origin is a bona fide occupational qualification for employment.


text:
Page:A Christmas Faggot (1884, Gurney).djvu/54

life sad for lost love's sake, Falls a blight upon thy bliss, Smiles no more their sunshine make, Lips estranged withhold their kiss? For thy consolation take Some such song as this:—

Shine on us, O Morning Star! Help our weeping eyes to see; Never may we deem things are What to us they seem to be;


text:
User:DeirdreAnne/Adding images

This page outlines how to prepare and include illustrated content at Wikisource.

The image guidelines discuss usage, style, and inclusion criteria.

After an image is prepared, go to Wikimedia Commons and follow the instructions at upload images.

File types

 * Djvu: a file containing an machine read text-layer and a scan of the source. Frequently used in side-by-side proof-reading via the Page and Index namespaces
 * JPG, PNG, TIFF, etc., suitable for illustrations, usually available at the same source as a djvu.

Image preparation

 * 1) Obtain a high quality image: see below. Open it in an image editor.
 * 2) Crop the image to remove the text, including the caption, and any blank space.
 * 3) Rotate the illustration left or right as required, a finer adjustment can also improve images.
 * 4) White or transparent backgrounds match Wikisource pages, so consider converting monochrome illustrations
 * convert to grey-scale by applying a 'colour profile' or similar command
 * adjust the black and white points using 'colour correction' or similar.

The result should remove the colour of the background, leaving the 'ink' for display. Colour images require more advanced restoration techniques, assistance with this can be found at Commons.

Image quality
Procedure for obtaining page scans and high quality images.

Text images
The file type DjVu is available for transcription, proof-reading, and verification of works at Wikisource. These files are optimised for print, greatly compressing the file size, and includes digitised text for each page. The file type also renders simple diagrams, but is not suitable for compression of colour and fine detail. Their use is discussed at Help:Side by side image view for proofreading.
 * 1) Search for a scan of a work at a site such as archive.org
 * 2) Scan quality is occasionally poor. Use an online viewer to sample the scanned pages or check the text version at the site.
 * 3) Upload as described below, using an appropriate title and disambiguation.
 * Note:It is possible to remove the first page if it contains extraneous content,
 * 1) Open the file using DjVuLibre or similar
 * 2) Select 'save as' and adjust the page range, eg. 2—123

Illustrations
Sites often provide scans of documents in a variety of file types. The Internet Archive and others have a selection of files that provide sources for images, some better than others.

Online viewer
The online viewer at the Internet Archive site uses JP2 data to display JPG images. If a work contains several illustrations you can obtain good versions from this viewer.

 * 1) Locate the source of the scan.  A DjVu file's information should note this as source =
 * 2) Navigate to the Internet Archive's "details" page.
 * 3) Select the online viewer (flipbook) using the "Read online" link.
 * 4) Set view to a single page.
 * 5) Navigate to the image.
 * 6) Using the page number.
 * 7) Using the .djvu index number with the prefix "n".
 * 8) Zoom the image to "100%" (important, otherwise you will lose a lot of detail).
 * 9) Choose a title (See Image naming).
 * 10) Right click on the image and select "Save as...".
 * 11) Prepare the image as above.

Automatic processing with Imagemagick
If you have Imagemagick (all operating systems), you can remove a paper texture automatically from a black-and-white image by adjusting the colour levels as follows:

convert foo.jpg -level-colors 'rgb(40,40,40),rgb(180,180,160)' -type Grayscale foo2.jpg

If you need a transparent background (for example for a drop initial over a coloured background), you can then use the following command:

convert foo2.jpg -negate -background transparent -alpha Shape foo.png;

Upload steps
To add images to Wikisource use Wikimedia Commons, where they become immediately available for use on Wikisource and elsewhere. Images are not usually uploaded directly to Wikisource.
 * See also: Commons:First steps

 * 1) Make sure that the image you would like to upload complies with the copyright rules of Wikimedia Commons.
 * 2) Use the best quality available and modify the file for inclusion here.
 * Upload the file and give detailed information about the image, a url for the source, and the copyright status.
 * 1) Give the file a name in accordance with the style discussed at image guidelines, and categorize the file at commons.
 * 2) Note any modifications, such as a crop, removed caption or conversion to black & white. Best practice at Commons is to also upload the unmodified file and link it from  in the description.

Adding to Wikisource

 * See also: Wikipedia:Picture tutorial

 * 1) Navigate to the page on Wikisource where you would like to add the image, and then click "edit".
 * 2) Type Image Name Here.jpg  to add the image. It is also possible to align the image:  Image Name Here.jpg  will center the image on the page, 'left' or 'right' will allow the text flow around the image.
 * 3) Image size is a user defined preference. To override the default size, add a value ...|frameless|90px]] to force a relatively smaller size. Note that larger images can affect the rendering of a page and may greatly increase its size.
 * 4) Save the change, and ensure that the image does not hinder the reading of the text in any way.

 * You can also use a template like img float to insert an image float to the left or right with a caption, but no frame.

title: User:DeirdreAnne/Adding images


text:
Page:A Christmas Faggot (1884, Gurney).djvu/55

Rh Rise, Thou Dayspring, and afar Bid the shadows flee!

Jesu, Thou art swift to bless, Strong to comfort, skilled to heal; Failure is with Thee success, Woe the forerunner of weal; Every stroke is a caress, Every crust a meal.

Master, Thou canst raise the dead From the grave, the bed, the bier,


text:
User:DeirdreAnne/Adding texts

Please review the other help pages above before adding new texts.

Points to consider before posting
Before adding a new text, please make sure to read the following guidelines.

 * Only English language texts may be posted to the English Wikisource. If it is not English, select the corresponding language from the multilingual Wikisource and place it there instead. If there is no corresponding sub-domain, post it to the multilingual Wikisource itself.
 * Make sure the text is plaintext or ASCII (such as that from Internet sources, digitisation, or transcription). Never use text from a word processing program like Microsoft Word, because the formatting codes are not the same as the codes used in MediaWiki.
 * Check the copyright status. It must be released under a license compatible with the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 license or be in the public domain, and must allow commercial or noncommercial redistribution; we do NOT take "fair use" texts. See the Copyright policy for more details.
 * Make sure that it is within the inclusion guidelines; if you're not sure, you can ask on the community discussion page.
 * Read the brief Style guide for title and formatting conventions.

Basic procedure
Fully integrating works into Wikisource can be a very complicated process. We don't expect new users to learn the ins and outs of doing this before submitting texts. However, there is a basic procedure that should be followed when adding any texts.

 * 1) Check that Wikisource doesn't already have the work by searching for it: (1) using the search box which is on every page. A drop down list of titles will match the characters as typed. (2) on the author's page, which should list their works. (3) performing an advanced search on the title, author, or a short phrase from the text. A Wikisource-specific search using an external engine, eg. Google search
 * 2) If Wikisource doesn't seem to have the work, type the title in the Wikisource search box at left, click 'Go', and click the 'edit' link at the top to create the page. (Remember to check the Style guide for title and formatting conventions.)
 * 3) At the top of the page, add the   template (see the documentation for usage). Fill in any information you know, leaving any unknown or inapplicable information blank. Do not remove any lines. Add " " below the header unless you're confident you can follow the advanced procedure below.
 * 4) Add the text below this and format as desired.
 * 5) Add an appropriate copyright template at the bottom, selected from Help:Copyright tags. If it is a translation with a copyright status different from the original, note both with ; for example:
 * 6) Preview your work, then save.

An alternative set of instructions can be found at a Beginner's how-to for DjVu uploading

Advanced procedure
We don't expect new users to follow this procedure, as it can be somewhat complicated. If you correctly follow the basic procedure above, a more experienced user will do the rest. (Of course, you're welcome to do these steps too.)
 * 1) Make sure that the  is used correctly. Unless the author should not have an author page (for standalone works, national anthems, et cetera), make sure that the author page exists. If it doesn't, check if it exists under a different name. If you find no existing author page, create it using the  template.
 * 2) Adding headers to subpages is very easy with the Header preloading script gadget. Check your preferences to be sure that it is enabled.
 * 3) Make sure that the authors are listed at Authors (add them if they're not).
 * 4) List the work on the relevant index.
 * 5) Categorize the work (see Help:Categorization).
 * 6) Place a text information template on the document's discussion page and start to fill in the details.
 * 7) If the page is very large, split the content into sections such as chapters, acts, et cetera (see the style guide).
 * 8) Edit the document for accuracy, adding the syntax for bolds and italics. Use the edit bar at the bottom of the edit page to add special characters if needed.
 * 9) Update the details on the talk page as you proceed.

title: User:DeirdreAnne/Adding texts


text:
Page:A Christmas Faggot (1884, Gurney).djvu/56

38 Souls astray, forlorn, misled, Buffeted by doubt and fear, Cannot but be comforted When Thou drawest near.

Sweeter than the Sunday-bells Banishing all week-day cares, Thine the gracious voice that tells What a Father's love prepares. Leading to salvation's wells Up God's altar-stairs.

Lord, Thou art the Master-singer, And Thy song is a recall;


text:
Page:The Burton Holmes Lectures Vol. X p 3.jpg

 COPYRIGHT 1901

BY E. BURTON HOLMES

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Top


text:
User:DeirdreAnne/DjVu Files

 * Specific trials
 * OCR with Tesseract
 * See also Wikimedia Commons:Commons:DjVu.

Image extraction
It is tempting to take images you need directly out of the DJVU files, but these are heavily compressed, and optimised for text. If you extract images from a DJVU file, they will be badly and irreparably damaged by this compression. If there is no other source, then extract from the DJVU and tag the file with at Commons. Otherwise, please use a better source, such as JPG/PNG/TIFF scans of the text.

If the DJVU came from Archive.org, there are often high-quality JPG files that are viewable online (go to the Archive.org details page, and choose "read online", and from there you can increase the size of the image, then right click and save an image. This is in fact easier than ripping from DJVU, as you don't have to mess around with a screenshot and trimming the image, and the resulting quality is hugely better.

If the DJVU was made from a Google books scan, the Google books PDF can be used to good effect. Compare the following two examples:

Images → virtual printer → DjVu
If the page scans are made available as a PDF file, e.g. Google Books scans, then this can be directly converted into a DjVu file using one of the following:

 * The free Any2DjVu online service; this can also OCR the text and embed it in the .djvu file.
 * The freeware Pdf To Djvu GUI. Note that this requires the installation of the cygwin environment as a prerequisite to its own installation.
 * The free software command-line pdf2djvu (available in repositories, also for Linux), which is usually as simple as . There's also a GUI available.
 * If you need to crop the pdf, you can use pdfcrop.pl (see below) for black margins or freeware Govert's PDF Cropper for white margins (it requires Ghostscript and .Net 2.0).

If the scanned images are made available as individual images, then the easiest option is to print them to a PDF via one of the many "virtual printer" tools, such as the free PDFCreator; then convert the PDF to DjVu as described above.

Note that there are many other options for converting pages to .djvu. One could convert using PostScript or multipage TIFF as the intermediate format, rather than PDF, but this would of course require different conversion tools. It is also possible to convert from .pdf or .ps to .djvu with the DjVuLibre software and its GSDjVu plug-in but due to licensing restrictions installing the plug-in is a fairly intricate process that involves compiling a patched version of Ghostscript.

Another free Windows tool that can come in handy for the images-to-pdf-to-djvu process is ConcatPDF, a GUI tool that permits easy splitting and merging of PDF files. An example of how ConcatPDF might be used is: if a 100-page document has previously been scanned and converted to .djvu and the single page #42 needs to be re-scanned, ConcatPDF would allow that one page to be inserted into the intermediate .pdf file without tracking down the other page images and re-composing the entire document. Installing ConcatPDF version 1.1 requires as prerequisites that the free Microsoft program libraries Microsoft .NET Framework Version 1 and the corresponding Visual J# .NET Redistributable Package be installed beforehand.

Images directly to DjVu
However, a far higher quality document can be achieved using the DjVuLibre software library. Jpeg images can be directly encoded into individual DjVu pages using the c44 encoder. Images in lossless formats such as PNG should be converted to PPM (for colour scans) or PGM (for greyscale scans), then encoded using c44. For bitonal (i.e. black-and-white) scans, such as most page text images, a smaller DjVu file can be obtained by converting the page images to the monochrome PBM format, then encoding to DjVu using the cjb2 encoder. All of these image format conversions can be performed by the freeware ImageMagick library (in batch, with mogrify). Individual DjVu pages can be aggregated into a multi-page DjVu using the djvm program; this program can also be used to insert or delete pages from a djvu file.

An important caveat of this process is that high quality scans come at the cost of larger files, and there is currently a 100Mb limit on uploads to commons.

Scripting djVuLibre
This script allows you to take a whole directory of image files (JPG, PNG, GIF, TIFF, and any file than Imagemagick can convert to PPM) images and convert and collate them automatically into a DJVU file. Currently this script is for Windows, but it can be easily converted for Linux. To use it, you will need Python, Imagemagick and DjvuLibre.

Linux

 * See also: User:GrafZahl/How to digitalise works for Wikisource

Method 1 - page at a time with DjVuLibre
You need the djvu software, which includes a viewer, and some tools for creating and handling DJVU files. You will probably also need the Imagemagick software for converting scans from one format to another. The tool cjb2 is used to creating a DJVU file from a PBM or TIFF file. Therefore you need to convert your scans if there are not already in one of these formats.

convert rig_veda-000.png rig_veda-000.pbm
 * Conversion from PNG format to PBM format with the tool convert from Imagemagick

 * Depending on the quality of the original scans, you may find it useful to process them with the unpaper utility, which deletes black borders around the pages and aligns the scanned text squarely on the page. Unpaper is also capable of extracting two separate page images where facing pages of a book have been scanned into a single image.  Another utility is mkbitmap, another pdfcrop.pl (Perl-based and free software, it requires Ghostscript and texlive-extra-utils on Ubuntu; it uses BoundingBox; it can crop a whole multipage pdf in just one passage). PDFCrop (another one!) deletes white margins.

cjb2 -clean rig_veda-000.pbm rig_veda-000.djvu
 * Creation of a DJVU file from a PBM file

djvm -i rig_veda.djvu rig_veda-000.djvu
 * Adding the DJVU file to the final document

You need to repeat these steps with a script for each page of the book. Example:

There is also another way to add all the *.djvu parts into one:

djvm -c rig_veda.djvu rig_veda-000.djvu rig_veda-001.djvu rig_veda-002.djvu

See the following section for an automated process for multiple pages.

Method 2 - PDF to DjVu bash script
Use this script, which converts pdf (multiple or single page) into images, automagically crop them with ImageMagick, convert them in DjVu and bundle them. This is very slow (huge pdf can require days) but a little more efficient than the following method.

The resulting pdf is quite big and low-quality, probably because of poor font recognition, which may be fixed by newer versions of poppler (the used library): the version avilable in repositories is usually several months old.

You can also remove the pdftoppm part and use the script to convert multiple images directly in a multiple page pdf. If images are not in pbm format, you can convert them with single command using mogrify from ImageMagick.

Method 3 - pdf2djvu
Simply download the pdf2djvu tool from your repository to directly convert pdf (single or multiple pages) into DjVu. This is slow (several hours for a pdf of about 100 MB, depending on your hardware), but requires little memory and CPU. The obtained DjVu file is quite low-quality and big in size, and with no OCR.

Moreover, you need to crop directly the pdf before the conversion. On Linux this is quite difficult. You could use ImageMagick, but attention: with multiple page big pdf, this can take several GB of memory (the limit is 16 TB!) and kill your computer if you don't use the   option directly after. This make the convertion very long.

The resulting pdf is increased in size and reduced in quality because of rastering.

See other crop tools above.

Method 4 - DjVuDigital
Use djvudigital, which like pdf2djvu converts pdf directly in DjVu. There are licensing problems, because the GSDjVu library has a different license, then you'll need to compile it by yourself; the included utils make this step quite easy, but still long (about 1 hour) and a bit annoying.

But, then you can convert pdf into DjVu with a single command (see the previous section for crop). The conversion is slow (I find it will complete a 300 page PDF in about 30-40 minutes). The resulting DjVu is of higher quality and lower filesize compared to both the previous two methods. Additionally, DjVuDigital can handle JPEG2000 (aka JPX) files embedded in PDFs, which is a feature of many Google books. pdf2djvu, Any2Djvu and Internet Archive conversions all fail to convert these files, leaving blank pages in the output.

DjVuDigital has many advanced options to improve results, but they can be difficult to master. In general, altering the --dpi option can give you a qucik reduction in filesize without too much fiddling.

Any2Djvu
Another method to convert the images to djvu is to zip them and use the Any2Djvu site to create the djvu file. The Any2Djvu will extract the images in the zip and create a OCRed djvu. OCR functions well only with English text.

Any2Djvu cannot handle huge files. Big files are best dealt with if you upload them by URL (e.g. by entering a link like ftp://ftp.bnf.fr/005/N0051165_PDF_1_-1DM.pdf). Conversion can take several hours. Any2Djvu will sometimes fun out of memory on large or highly-detailed files and fail. It will also not convert "JPX" images embedded into PDFs, which are common in Google Books scans.

Internet Archive
Another method is to upload pdf to the Internet Archive. You need to login (don't use OpenId, it won't function ). Click "Upload" at the top-right corner. The JavaScript upload ("Share" button) won't function with Firefox (use Opera or Internet Explorer instead ) or Linux. You can use the FTP upload instead, but this is slower and seems crashy.

When the upload has been completed, archive.org will start the "derive" work: OCR to create pdf with text, then conversion to DjVu with text, text only etc. This is very, very, slow, and can take several days, but you don't need to do anything. The length of time depends on the size and complexity of your file, as well as the current Internet Archive backlog of conversion tests. You can check your progress in the queue here and more detailed information about jobs you submitted here (must be logged in)

The Internet Archive uses a professional, proprietary, commercial ABBYY software with a quite good images and OCR output in many languages and fonts and an aggressive compression which mantains an high quality of the final DjVu file. However, the Internet Archive sometimes produces over-compressed DjVu files with poor quality. If this happens, you can often download a PDF and convert manually.

OCR via Any2DjVu
The OCR option available at the free conversion service Any2DjVu does do an OCR of the scanned image but the resulting text is embedded within the .djvu file itself and must be extracted so it can be used on Wikisource.

One way to do this is to use the DjVuLibre software to extract the text, via a command like

or

JVbot can automatically upload the text layer of a DJVU to the pages on Wikisource. For example, Robert the Bruce and the struggle for Scottish independence - 1909

OCR via Internet Archive
See above: if you upload a DjVu file, the derive process will OCR it.

OCR with Tesseract
OCR can be done with Tesseract, a free OCR software, and a script:

 * OCR with Tesseract. Perl script
 * OCR with Tesseract (Python), slightly more user-friendly Python script. Based on the Perl script

Linux
To extract images from a DjVu file, you can use ddjvu ddjvu -page=8 -format=tiff myfile.djvu myfile.tif

If you done all the pages (without ) you can split the multi-page tiff into single pages png (or any other format) convert -limit area 1 myfile.tif myfile.png

Splitting DjVu files
Large works can not be uploaded onto Wikimedia servers which have a 100 MB upload limit. To split the DjVu, use DjVuLibre "Save as", and specify a page range which will produce a file small enough to be uploaded. Some trial and error may be necessary.

djvused can do this to : djvused myfile.djvu -e 'select 10; save-page-with p10.djvu'

This can be done for every page.

To know the number of page of the file : djvused myfile.djvu -e 'n'

Displaying a particular page
The link tag accepts a named parameter "page" so that, for example, this wiki code displays the image of page 164 of the file Emily Dickinson Poems (1890).djvu on the right, 150 pixels wide (the rear cover of the book, containing no text):

The page image can be displayed in the DjVu in place of text as in Page:Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc.djvu/9 using:

The page image can be displayed in the books Wikisource main space as with Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc/Book I/Chapter 2 using:

title: User:DeirdreAnne/DjVu Files


text:
Page:A Christmas Faggot (1884, Gurney).djvu/57

Rh Many on life's pathway linger, Many by life's wayside fall, But Thy Heart, the comfort-bringer, Is a Home for all!


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography. Sup. Vol III (1901).djvu/7

DICTIONARY

OF

VOL. III.


text:
User:DeirdreAnne/Proofreading

Page, Index and main Namespaces
Namespaces are used to differentiate page types at Wikisource. For example, the page you are reading now is in the "Help:" namespace. See also Help:Namespaces

 * The Index: namespace, holds indexes for documents, displaying all the pages of a text together. A sample index can be found at Index:Cinderella (1865).djvu. An index page shows publication details of the document, a link to the File, and the set of links to its Pages. The Index can be modified to show the original page numbers. This type of page is used by the ProofreadPage extension to build navigation buttons, these are:
 * previous page [[Image:1leftarrow.png|15px]], next page [[Image:1rightarrow.png|15px]] and up to index [[Image:1uparrow.png|15px]].
 * Index pages on this wiki are listed in Category:Index.

 * The Page: namespace is used to display page text side-by-side with individual page images, and allows transcription of the original text. A sample page can be found at Page:Cinderella (1865).djvu/5.  You can zoom in on the page image by clicking and scrolling on the image in the right-hand pane.

 * Page numbers for DjVu files are indicated by adding a slash followed by the page number to the file name. For example, Page:Sketch of Connecticut, Forty Years Since.djvu/27 displays the 27th page of the file. The text on the left can be modified in edit mode, only the contents of the edit box are displayed on the 'main' page.

 * Some text and formatting may be placed outside of the edit box, in 'no-include' sections. These boxes can be opened by clicking the [+] button (plus sign) in the upper left corner.  The header and footer are automatically placed inside tags which prevent transclusion of their contents.  An example is Page:Cinderella (1865).djvu/5 which hides the title, repeated on every page, and the page number.

 * The [[Image:1uparrow.png|15px]] tab on the page is a link to its index.

 * The 'main' namespace uses 'transclusion' to display a number of pages as a chapter or section of the work. A link at left provides access to the Page: namespace. The original pages numbering can be displayed at the links, information provided by the Index. The text in the header and footer of the Page: namespace is not displayed.

 * A mainspace page, such as Cinderella, or the Little Glass Slipper, displays the text and illustrations of that work.

Editing pages

 * Note: We recommend that editors/proofreaders do not use the enhanced editor toolbar available from Special:Preferences due its lack of requisite functional buttons in this namespace.

The following buttons appear for editing and navigating the Page: namespace
 * 1leftarrow.png previous page
 * 1rightarrow.png next page
 * 1uparrow.png the Index for the page
 * Button_category_plus.png open/close the header and footer
 * Button_zoom_out.png zoom in on scan
 * Button_zoom_in.png zoom out on scan
 * Button_examine.png reset zoom

Formatting conventions
The following conventions are considered best practices for pages in the Page: namespace (DjVu files and other files which use the ProofreadPage extension). For general article formatting conventions and guidelines see Style guide.

 * A scanned page's header and footer often include page number and titles, each of which are not needed for the new page. Place the information in the 'no-include' sections, accessed by clicking the [[Image:Button category plus.png|link=|17px]] which appears above the edit window. The RunningHeader template is useful for formatting these headers, and is used as follows:
 * Text in the left, center, or right parameters will appear on the same line.
 * Remove end-of-line hyphens and line breaks. To start a new paragraph, media-wiki pages use two returns.
 * When a word is hyphenated onto two different pages of the DjVu scans, use hws and hwe (if you wish, you can also use Hyphenated word start and Hyphenated word end). These templates will make the word appear hyphenated in the Page: namespace and remove the hyphen when the text is transcluded. Example: (first Page and second Page, result in main page "pretending")
 * If a paragraph ends at the bottom of a DjVu page and a new paragraph in the same chapter will start on the next page, add nop at the bottom of the page, to force a break in the text. Otherwise, when the pages are transcluded the separation between the two pages will be treated as single space rather than a new line. Example: (Page:Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc.djvu/476 and Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc/Book III/Chapter 14).
 * Note: formerly the Blank line template was used for this purpose at the top of the following page; nop is now preferred.
 * If you need to indicate a word/phrase should be in, use the small-caps template.
 * If you need to indicate a word/phrase should be in a smaller (or larger) font, use the smaller template. Similarly, the xx-smaller, x-smaller, larger, x-larger, xx-larger, and font-size templates can be used to modify text size.
 * Using standard templates instead of other types of markup, gives Wikisource protection from undesirable external changes. eg.right instead of  More templates and information about them can be found at  Typography templates and Category:Formatting templates.
 * Published notes in the scanned print version of the DjVu book should be displayed using the and reflist mark up. If the note is carried over on more than one print page, the simplest solution is to include the entire note on the page where the reference is made in the print version. Example: (Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc/Book III/Chapter 11, Page:Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc.djvu/451 and Page:Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc.djvu/452)
 * If you need to indicate a word/phrase should be in a smaller (or larger) font, use the smaller template. Similarly, the xx-smaller, x-smaller, larger, x-larger, xx-larger, and font-size templates can be used to modify text size.
 * Using standard templates instead of other types of markup, gives Wikisource protection from undesirable external changes. eg.right instead of  More templates and information about them can be found at  Typography templates and Category:Formatting templates.
 * Published notes in the scanned print version of the DjVu book should be displayed using the and reflist mark up. If the note is carried over on more than one print page, the simplest solution is to include the entire note on the page where the reference is made in the print version. Example: (Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc/Book III/Chapter 11, Page:Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc.djvu/451 and Page:Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc.djvu/452)

Page status
The status of a page is reflected both in the color of its block on the index page, and by the banner on the page. The ProofreadPage Extension is used to implement the status.

Transclusion
After the text of the work is populated into each side-by-side image page, "transclusion" is used to display the text from the Page: namespace on pages in the main namespace. Transclusion displays the page of another text without having to copy or manually update it later. The purpose of transcluding the text is to group it into logical, reasonably sized chunks— most frequently chapters or sections.

A completed example is the Wind in the Willows. Once all of the individual pages of Index:Wind_in_the_Willows_(1913).djvu were typed up in the "Page:" namespace (one page can be seen at Page:Wind_in_the_Willows_(1913).djvu/19), this text and the following pages of the first chapter were populated into the various chapters of the book in the main namespace beginning at The Wind in the Willows/Chapter 1. The following explains how to use transclusion to display your finished proofreading project as a final product in the Wikisource main namespace.

Full-page transclusion
There are two methods which can perform full-page transclusion. The <pages> function which can display a series of pages, and the Page template which can display individual pages or sections of pages. Most of the time, the <pages> tag will be the best method of transcluding into chapters. The syntax is as follows:
 * from is the beginning page;
 * to is the ending page.
 * This does not currently work for tables. This method of transclusion is very new.  If you experience problems, post a question on the Scriptorium.
 * This does not currently work for tables. This method of transclusion is very new.  If you experience problems, post a question on the Scriptorium.

The Page template can transclude a single page. The syntax is as follows:
 * The page number is placed after a slash (/) following the file name.
 * num defines the physical page number, as numbered in the scanned text.
 * num defines the physical page number, as numbered in the scanned text.

Partial transclusion
If two logical sections (for example the end of one chapter followed by the beginning of another) appear the same page, it's necessary to transclude only the relevant part of the page.

This is accomplished using Labeled Section Transclusion (LST). The relevant parts of the page are marked with section tags and then when transcluding, only the relevant part of the page, rather than the entire page, are called.

To mark sections in the "Page:" namespace, insert the following syntax into the typed proofreading text to label the end of Part I and the start of Part II (where both are on the same page):

To accomplish this, the Page template is used, as follows, replacing "djvu" with the djvu file name and "#" with the page number where the text appears:

Alternatively, the following format can be used, replacing "article" with the article name (excluding namespace):

Combination multipage and partial transclusion
To add multiple pages, where the first and/or last page may require partial transclusion, the coding allows for additional parameters for use with. The extra parameters are both optional.

Page with image transclusion
The preferred means of placing a picture or other image in the main pagespace is to upload the cropped image to Wikimedia Commons as a separate picture, for example as a png or jpeg file. A temporary means of displaying an image is available. To display an image of a page in the DjVu file like at Page:Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc.djvu/9, use:

The page image can be displayed in the book's Wikisource mainspace like at Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc/Book I/Chapter 2, using:

Beginning the proofreading project

 * See Help:DjVu files

Most proofreading projects use djvu files to contain scans or photographs of each page of a document, together with an OCR layer representing the extracted text. To convert a .pdf to .djvu format (even "secured" .pdf files), the GPLv2 open source application pdf2djvu may be used.

Editing djvu files
Many of the already-created djvu files available at archive.org and other sites have the Google copyright page attached to the front of the document. Wikimedia policy, based on an analysis of the underlying law, does not accept that copyright is established on a public domain work simply by scanning or copying it or taking a two-dimensional photograph that faithfully represents its subject. See Wikimedia Commons for more information about scans, artwork and the position of the WMF.

Such copyright pages and other extraneous material can be removed with DjVuLibre, an open source program maintained by the inventors of djvu under the GNU Public License. Binaries are available for Windows, Mac, Linux, Solaris, and IRIX. It includes djvm.exe, which is run as a command-line utility. If you cannot figure out how to do this, you can message Mkoyle (talk), and he will do it for your file and email the file to you for upload. The command line to delete (-d) the first page (1) is as follows:

djvm -d filename.djvu 1

Producing Page: files for side by side editing

 * See Help:Beginner's guide to Index: files

Once a .djvu document has been produced and uploaded to Wikimedia Commons, the index is started as a new article under the name "Index:[name of Wikimedia Commons file]" using Mediawiki:Proofreadpage index template. Copy the full parameter list and fill in what you can. Set "Progress=MS" and "Pages= ". You should include a Wikilink in the "Title" which points to the text article at Wikisource (which may have the same name as the index file, but does not contain "Index:").

New files for each page in the Page: namespace are then produced for the file by using User:ThomasBot. See Help:Match and split for this procedure.

Discussion
The side by side proofread page extension provides a transcribed text and a scan of the original document on one page. These pages use the prefix 'Page:' and collections of these displayed in a page beginning with 'Index:'. Many file types are supported by the extension, a document at wikisource is usually a DjVu with OCR.

The ProofreadPage extension is enabled by default at Wikisource and should come up automatically when a page in the "Page:" namespace is edited. However, for this to work the editor's browser (and extensions such as NoScript) must allow script processing. Your Special:Preferences page (section "Gadgets") allows you to control certain features, such as whether the OCR button is enabled and whether the text by default appears side by side or one above another. It is recommended that you not enable the enhanced editing toolbar (section "Editing", under "Beta features")

Users new to proofreading can experiment with the concept, and test their abilities with these simple introductory tests on the Distributed Proofreading's website. Working examples can be seen by finding a project in progress, such as Wikisource:Proofread of the Month.

Once you've found a project you want to work on, you'll want to go to the index page. In it you'll find links to many pages for the project, colored by their status. After selecting a page that needs work (not green), you'll go into the page, open up the editor, and make whatever changes (either to the document or the status) are appropriate, preview & save.

Anybody is able to proofread and correct most pages at Wikisource. However, editors must log into an account in order to change the proofread status. IP addresses cannot change this status.

When corrections and formatting are complete, the page is marked as proofread and is ready for the main namespace, leave the page as 'not proofread' until it is done. Mark as problematic if appropriate.

Rationale
Wikisource uses the ProofreadPage extension, which allows you to render text along with its corresponding scanned image. It is intended to allow easy comparison of text to the original. It has the following advantages:
 * Credibility: it makes it possible for Wikisource to guarantee that the text corresponds to its scanned source.
 * Improved collaboration: texts can be proofread and typos can be fixed by everyone, by providing direct access to the book. This restores the wiki way of collaborating.
 * Security: text is better protected against vandalism (any falsification can be detected immediately; texts are not accessed directly, but through transclusion, which deters inexperienced vandals).
 * No limitations on rendering: a book can be rendered in two different ways, without duplicating data:
 * 1) As a set of pages. Each page is a column of OCR text beside a column of scanned image. This mode is meant for contributors.
 * 2) Broken into its logical organization (such as chapters or poems) using transclusion. This mode is meant for readers.
 * Fairness of comparisons: since book pages are not in the 'main' namespace, they are not included in the statistical count of text units. A count of pages is available here. This method of comparison uses the same unit of measure for all texts (the page), which puts an end to the temptation of slicing texts into arbitrarily small units in order to increase statistics.

Limitations
The poem tag does not work well because it adds a carriage return at the end of a block. It's also not possible to use  formatting, since the line breaks are suppressed during transclusion. To solve this issue, add tags to the beginning of lines.

To ease proofreading images that are rotated, the Rotate Image Firefox extension can be used.

title: User:DeirdreAnne/Proofreading


text:
Page:Eight Friends of the Great - WP Courtney.djvu/17

 CONTENTS

Mr. Gladstone and the congé d'élire — the bishop's family and Devonshire — His praise of Exeter — Rundle at Oxford — his character — Rundle and Whiston — A "cheese-cake" entertainment —Rundle's preferments — Speaker Onslow — Bishop Talbot— Rundle's friendship with Jemmy Thomson — Rundle's dinners — Rundle and the see of Gloucester — clerical opposition— His "splendid banishment" — Rundle, Pope and Swift — His library — His ailments and death pp. 1—13

His descent and parentage — his connection with Hawstead, near Bury St. Edmunds — prosperous distiller at West Ham — Philip Metcalfe in social life — signs the "round robin" to Dr. Johnson on the Latin epitaph to Goldsmith — at Brighton and in Sussex with Johnson — Johnson's dying gift to him — Metcalfe as trustee for Johnson's servant — as treasurer of the fund for the proposed monument of Johnson — Metcalfe's visit with Reynolds to the art galleries of the Low-countries — proposed dedication to him by Reynolds of the contemplated volume on this tour — Metcalfe as executor with Burke and Malone to Reynolds's will — their letter in French to the empress of Russia — the sale of Reynolds's pictures — the funeral of Reynolds — Metcalfe and the Dilettanti Society — Metcalfe in parliament — Metcalfe abroad — visits of Malone and others to him at Brighton — Metcalfe and Jeremy Bentham — Metcalfe and the refugee French clergy — his almshouses at Hawstead — his death, burial, and vast fortune pp. 14—34

His character and parentage — his father's works — his education at St. Paul's school and Trinity college, Cambridge — Warner as vicar of West Ham — his translation of a Spanish romance — his sermons as a


text:
Page:Eight Friends of the Great - WP Courtney.djvu/18

xii popular preacher in a proprietary chapel — abroad with George Selwyn — John Howard the philanthropist — Warner in his "cabin" — his love of cards and dinners — his ride to Scrivelsby — his kindness to distressed friends — lines on "Mie Mie" — abroad as a "spy" for the earl of Carlisle — his free letters — Selwyn's desire to obtain preferment for him and his disappointment — the statue to John Howard — Warner's friendship with Anna Seward, William Hayley, and George Romney — Warner in Sussex — Warner and his friends in Paris — Warner and William Huskisson — Warner and Selwyn's love of executions — his detention in France — his quarrel with Mathias — his dissertation on the pronunciation of Latin — the views of English scholars on it — fresh attack from Mathias — Warner on English ladies and French dinners — his portrait by Meyer — his letters to George Cumberland — his friendship with Home Tooke and the other reformers — His death and will — the youth whom he adopted — his career and rise to be K.C. pp. 35—70

His friendship with theatrical stars — his grandfather, the Chevalier and oculist — the Chevalier's surprising career — the strange memoirs of him — Taylor's father, also an oculist — John Taylor himself, an oculist — his education — Writes for the press — Taylor and the "Morning Post" — Taylor and the "True Briton" — Taylor and the "Sun" — his differences with William Jerdan — their rival advertisements in the paper — eulogy, followed by satire on lord Byron — Byron's letter to Taylor — Jerdan bought out— Taylor's writings for the stage and his poems — his connection with the "Monthly Mirror" — his poem of "Monsieur Tonson" — anecdotes of him by Crabb Robinson, William Hazlitt and Tom Moore — Taylor and the clubs of the day — his "records of my life" and its anecdotes on "everybody" — Boswell triumphs over Pitt's stolidity— Boswell and the proof-sheet of the title-page of his life of Johnson — Taylor's death pp. 71—100

Byron's friends at Cambridge— descent of Scrope Davies — his parentage and family— educated at Eton and King's college, Cambridge — Davies and Byron at the university — two of the jests of Davies — Gronow's estimate of him — his winnings as a gambler — Davies and drink — Davies and Byron in London — Byron dedicates "Parisina" to him — Davies and Hobhouse with Byron on his leaving England — Davies and "gentleman" Jackson, the pugilist— Davies and "beau"