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 king's artillery under the castle walls. After the battle, when the king had gone with his army to Oxford, the Earl of Essex with his whole force besieged Donnington Castle with no better success than the others had done. He abandoned the attempt before the king returned from Oxford for the purpose of relieving Donnington on 4 Nov. 1644. The place was then revictualled, and his majesty slept in the castle that night with his army around him. In August 1648 Boys made a fruitless attempt to raise the siege of Deal Castle. A resolution put in the House of Commons at the same time to banish him as one of the seven royalists who had been in arms against the parliament since 1 Jan. 1647-8 was negatived. In 1659 he was a prisoner in Dover Castle for petitioning for a free parliament, but was released on 23 Feb. 1659-60. He apparently received the office of receiver of customs at Dover from Charles II.

Sir John Boys died at his house at Bonnington on 8 Oct. 1664, and was buried in the parish church of Goodnestone-next-Wingham, Kent. The inscription describes his achievements in the wars. By his first wife, Lucy, he had five daughters. He had no children by his second marriage with Lady Elizabeth Finch, widow of Sir Nathaniel Finch, serjeant-at-law, and daughter of Sir John Fotherby of Barham, Kent.

There is a portrait of Boys engraved by Stow, and reproduced by Mr. Walter Money in his 'Battles of Newbury' (1884).

 BOYS, JOHN (1749–1824), agriculturist, only son of William Boys and Ann, daughter of William Cooper of Ripple, was born in November 1749. At Betshanger and afterwards at Each, Kent, he farmed with skill and success, and as a grazier was well known for his breed of South Down sheep. He was one of the commissioners of sewers for East Kent, and did much to promote the drainage of the Finglesham and Eastry Brooks. At the request of the board of agriculture he wrote 'A General View of the Agriculture of the County of Kent,' 1796, and an 'Essay on Paring and Burning,' 1805. He died on 16 Dec. 1824. By his wife Mary, daughter of the Rev. Richard Harvey, vicar of Eastry-cum-Word, he had thirteen children, eight sons and five daughters.

 BOYS, THOMAS (1792–1880), theologian and antiquary, son of Rear-admiral Thomas Boys of Kent, was born at Sandwich, Kent, and educated at Tonbridge grammar school and Trinity College, Cambridge. The failure of his health from over-study prevented his taking more than the ordinary degrees (B.A. 1813, M.A. 1817), and, finding an active life necessary to him, he entered the army with a view to becoming a military chaplain, was attached to the military chest in the Peninsula under Wellington in 1813, and was wounded at the battle of Toulouse in three places, gaining the Peninsular medal. He was ordained deacon in 1816, and priest in 1822. While in the Peninsula he employed his leisure time in translating the Bible into Portuguese, a task he performed so well, that his version has been adopted both by catholics and protestants, and Don Pedro I of Portugal publicly thanked him for his gift to the nation. In 1848 he was appointed incumbent of Holy Trinity, Hoxton; but before that he had established his reputation as a Hebrew scholar, being teacher of Hebrew to Jews at the college, Hackney, from 1830 to 1832, and professor of Hebrew at the Missionary College, Islington, in 1836. While holding this last post, he revised Deodati's Italian Bible, and also the Arabic Bible. His pen was rarely idle. In 1825 he published a key to the Psalms, and in 1827 a 'Plain Exposition of the New Testament.' Already in 1821 he had issued a volume of sermons, and in 1824 a book entitled 'Tactica Sacra,' expounding a theory that in the arrangement of the New Testament writings a parallelism could be detected similar to that used in the writings of the Jewish prophets. In 1832 he published 'The Suppressed Evidence, or Proofs of the Miraculous Faith and Experience of the Church of Christ in all ages, from authentic records of the Fathers, Waldenses, Hussites … an historical sketch suggested by B. W. Noel's "Remarks on the Revival of Miraculous Powers in the Church." 'The same year produced a plea for verbal inspiration under the title 'A Word for the Bible,' and 1834 'A Help to Hebrew.' He was also a frequent contributor to 'Blackwood' of sketches and papers, for the most part descriptive of his Peninsular experiences. The most important of these was 'My Peninsular Medal, which ran from November 1849 to July 1850. his acquaintance with the literature and antiquities of the Jews was very thorough, but perhaps the best proofs of his extensive


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  are to be found in the numerous letters and papers, sometimes under his own name, and sometimes under the assumed name of 'Vedette,' contributed to the second series of 'Notes and Queries.' Of these the twelve papers on Chaucer difficulties are a most valuable contribution to the study of early English literature. He died 2 Sept. 1880, aged 88.

 BOYS, THOMAS SHOTTER (1803–1874), water-colour painter and lithographer, was born at Pentonville on 2 Jan. 1803. He was articled to George Cooke, the engraver, with the view of following that profession, but when, on the expiration of his apprenticeship, he visited Paris, he was induced by Bonington, under whom he studied, to devote himself to painting. He exhibited at the Royal Academy for the first time in 1824, and in Paris in 1827. In 1830 he proceeded to Brussels, but on the outbreak of the revolution there returned to England. Paying another visit to Paris, he remained there until 1837, and then again came to England for the purpose of lithographing the works of David Roberts and Clarkson Stanfield. Boys's great work, 'Picturesque Architecture in Paris, Ghent, Antwerp, Rouen,' &c., appeared in 1839, and created much admiration. King Louis-Philippe sent the artist a ring in recognition of its merits. He also published 'Original Views of London as it is,' drawn and lithographed by himself, London, 1843. He drew the illustrations to Blackie's 'History of England,' and etched some plates for Ruskin's 'Stones of Venice.' Boys was a member of the Institute of Painters in Water Colours, and of several foreign artistic societies. He died in 1874. The British Museum possesses two fine views of Paris by him, drawn in water-colours, and another is in the South Kensington Museum.

 BOYS, WILLIAM (1735–1803), surgeon and topographer, was born at Deal on 7 Sept. 1735. He was of an old Kent family (, History of Kent, iii. 109), being the eldest son of Commodore William Boys, R.N., lieutenant-governor of Greenwich Hospital, by his wife, Elizabeth Pearson of Deal (Gent. Mag. lxxiii. pt. i. 421-3). About 1755 he was a surgeon at Sandwich, where he was noted for his untiring explorations of Richborough Castle, for skill in deciphering ancient manuscripts and inscriptions, for his zeal in collecting antiquities connected with Sandwich, and for his studies in astronomy, natural history, and mathematics. In 1759 he married Elizabeth Wise, a daughter of Henry Wise, one of the Sandwich jurats (ib.), and by her he had two children. In 1761 he was elected jurat, acting with his wife's father. In the same year, 1761, she died, and in the next year, 1762, he married Jane Fuller, coheiress of her uncle, one John Paramor of Statenborough (ib.) In 1767 Boys was mayor of Sandwich. In 1774 his father died at Greenwich (, Lit. Anecd. ix. 24 n.) In 1775 appeared his first publication—a memorial to resist a scheme for draining a large tract of the neighbouring land, which it was thought would destroy Sandwich harbour. Boys drew it up as one of the commissioners of sewers, on behalf of the corporation, and it was published at Canterbury in 1775 anonymously (Gent. Mag. lxxiii. pt. i. 421-3). In 1776 Boys was elected F.S.A. In 1782 he again served as mayor. In 1783 his second wife died, having borne him eight or nine children (ib., and, Hist. of Kent, iv. 222 n.} In the same year Boys furnished the Rev. John Duncombe with much matter relating to the Reculvers, printed in Duncombe's 'Antiquities of Reculver.' In 1784 was published 'Testacea Minuta Rariora,' 4to, being plates and description of the tiny shells found on the seashore near Sandwich, by Boys, 'that inquisitive naturalist' (Introd. p. i). The book was put together by George Walker, Boys himself being too much occupied by his profession. In 1786 Boys issued proposals for publishing his 'Collections for a History of Sandwich' at a price which should only cover its expenses, and placed his materials in the hands of the printers (, Lit. Ill. vi. 613). In 1787 Boys published an 'Account of the Loss of the Luxborough,' 4to (, Lit. Anecd. ix. 24), a case of cannibalism, in which his father (Commodore Boys) had been one of the men compelled to resort to this horrible means of preserving life. Boys had a series of pictures hung up in his parlour portraying the whole of the terrible circumstances (Pennant, in his Journey from London to the Isle of Wight, quoted in 's Lit. Anecd. ix. 24 n.) Of this 'Account,' as a separate publication, there is now no trace; but it appears in full in the 'History of Greenwich Hospital,' by John Cooke and John Maule, 1789, pp. 110 et seq.; it is also stated there that six small paintings in the council room of the hospital (presumably replicas of those seen by Pennant in the possession of William Boys) represent this passage in the history of the late gallant

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 perambulate the royal forests in Salop, Staffordshire, and Derby, and call the officers to account. In 1305 he is named with John de Lisle as an additional justice in case of need in Sussex, Surrey, Kent, and Middlesex, pursuant to an ordinance of trailbaston, and although the writ is cancelled, he certainly acted, for he sat at Guildhall 'ad recipiendas billas super articulis de trailbaston.' In the same year, being present at the parliament held at Westminster, he was appointed and sworn in as a commissioner to treat with the Scotch representatives concerning the government of Scotland. On 29 Oct. 1307 he sat at the Tower of London on the trial of the Earl of Athole and convicted him. In 1308, having been appointed to try certain complaints against the bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, Brabazon was ordered (19 Feb.) to adjourn the hearing, in order to attend the coronation of Edward II. He was twice assigned to hold pleas at York in 1309 and 1312, was detained specially in London in the summer of 1313 to advise the king on matters of high importance, and was still invested with the office of commissioner of forests in Stafford, Huntingdon, Rutland, Salop, and Oxon, as late as 1316.

All these labours told severely on his health. Broken by age and infirmity he, on 23 Feb., asked leave to resign his office of chief justice. Leave was granted in a very laudatory patent of discharge; but he remained a member of the privy council, and was to attend in parliament whenever his health permitted. He was succeeded by William Inge, but did not long survive. He died on 13 June, and his executor, John de Brabazon, had masses said for him at Dunstable Abbey. He was buried in St. Paul's Cathedral. He appears to have had a high character for learning. To his abilities his honours and offices bear testimony, whatever blame may attach to him for his course in politics. He was a landowner in several counties. In 1296 he is enrolled, pursuant to an ordinance for the defence of the sea-coast, as a knight holding lands in Essex, but non-resident, and in the year following he was summoned as a land-owner in Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire to attend in person at the muster at Nottingham for military service in Scotland with arms and horses. In 1310 he had lands in Leicestershire, and in 1316 at Silbertoft and Sulby in Northamptonshire, at East Bridgeford and Hawkesworth in Nottinghamshire, and at Rollright in Oxfordshire. The property at East Bridgeford came to him through his wife Beatrix, daughter of Sir John de Sproxton, with the advowson of the church appurtenant to the manor. As to this he was long engaged in a dispute, for after he had presented a clerk to the living and the ordinary had instituted him, one Bonifacius de Saluce or Saluciis, claiming apparently through some right connected with the chapel of Trykehull, intruded upon the living and got possession, and though Brabazon petitioned for his removal as early as 1300, the intruding priest was still unousted in 1315. Brabazon left no issue, his one son having died young; he had a daughter, Albreda, who married William le Graunt; his property passed to his brother Matthew, from whom descend the present earls of Meath, barons Brabazon of Ardee, in Ireland.

 BRABAZON, WILLIAM (d. 1552), vice-treasurer and lord justice of Ireland, was descended from the family of  [q. v.], and was the son of John Brabazon of Eastwell, Leicestershire, and a daughter of —— Chaworth. After succeeding his father he was knighted on 20 Aug. 1534, and appointed vice-treasurer and general receiver of Ireland. In a letter from Chief-justice Aylmer to Lord Cromwell in August 1535 he is styled 'the man that prevented the total ruin and desolation of the kingdom.' In 1536 he prevented the ravages of O'Connor in Carberry by burning several villages in Offaly and carrying away great spoil. In the same year he made so effective a speech in support of establishing the king's authority in opposition to that of the pope that he persuaded the parliament to pass the bill for that purpose. As a result of this, many religious houses were in 1539 surrendered to the king. For these and other services he was, on 1 Oct. 1543, constituted lord justice of Ireland, and he was again appointed to the same office on 1 April 1546. In the same year he drove Patrick O'More and Brian O'Connor from Kildare. In April 1547 he was elected a member of the privy council of Ireland. In the spring of 1548 he assisted the lord deputy in subduing a sedition raised in Kildare by the sons of Viscount Baltinglass. He was a third time made lord justice on 2 Feb. 1549. In August 1550, with the aid of 8,000l. and 400 men from England, he subdued Charles


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 Mac-Art-Cavenagh, who, after making submission and renouncing his name, received pardon. Brabazon died on 9 July 1552 (as is proved by the inquisitions taken in the year of his death), not in 1548 as recorded on his tombstone. His heart was buried with his ancestors at Eastwell, and his body in the chancel of St. Catherine's Church, Dublin. By his wife Elizabeth, daughter and coheir to Nicholas Clifford of Holme, he left two sons and three daughters.

BRABOURNE, THEOPHILUS (b. 1590), writer on the Sabbath question, was a native of Norwich. The date of his birth is fixed by his own statement in 1654: 'I am 64 yeares of age' (Answer to Cawdry, p. 75). His father was a puritan hosier, who educated his son at the free school of Norwich till he was fifteen years of age, and designed him for the church. Incidentally he mentions some curious particulars of Sunday trading in Norwich during his schoolboy days, and says that the city waits played regularly at the market cross 'on the latter part of the Lord's day,' in the presence of thousands of people. When the lad should have gone to Cambridge, the silencing of many puritan ministers for non-compliance with the ceremonies induced the father to take him into his own business, and send him to London, as factor for selling stockings wholesale. He remained in London till his marriage to Abigail, daughter of Roger and Joane Galliard. He was thus brother-in-law of Benjamin Fairfax who married Sarah Galliard. After his marriage, Brabourne lived for two or three years at Norwich with his father, and resuming his intention of entering the ministry, he studied privately under 'three able divines.' He seems to have been episcopally ordained before 1628, and it is probable that he officiated (Collings says he got a curacy of 40l. a year) in Norwich; there is no indication of his having been connected with any other place after he left London, though Wood, probably by a clerical error, calls him a Suffolk minister. In 1628 appeared his 'Discourse upon the Sabbath Day,' in which he impugns the received doctrine of the sabbatical character of the Lord's day, and maintains that Saturday is still the sabbath. Hence Robert Cox regards him as 'the founder in England of the sect at first known as Sabbatarians, but now calling themselves seventh-day baptists.' This is quite incorrect; Brabourne was no baptist, founded no sect, and, true to the original puritan standpoint [see ], wrote vehemently against all separatists from the national church, and in favour of the supremacy of the civil power in matters ecclesiastical. His attention had been drawn to the Sabbath question ('Discourse,' p. 59) by a work published at Oxford in 1621 by Thomas Broad, a Gloucestershire clergyman, 'Three Questions concerning the obligations of the Fourth Commandment.' Broad rests the authority of the Lord's day on the custom of the early church and the constitution of the church of England. Brabourne leaves it to every man's conscience whether he will keep the sabbath or the Lord's day, but decides that those who prefer the former are on the safe side. He took stronger Sabbatarian ground in his 'Defence ... of the Sabbath Day,' 1632, a work which he had the boldness to dedicate to Charles I. Prior to this publication he appears to have held discussions on the subject with several puritan ministers in his neighbourhood, and claimed to have always come off victorious. He tells us that he held a conference, lasting 'many days, an houre or two in a day,' at Ely House, Holborn, with Francis White (bishop of Norwich 1629-31, of Ely 1631-8). This was the beginning of his troubles; in his own words, he was 'tossed in the high commission court near three years.' He lay in the Gatehouse at Westminster for nine weeks, and was then publicly examined before the high commission, 'near a hundred ministers present (besides hundreds of other people).' The king's advocate pleaded against him, and Bishop White 'read a discourse of near an hour long' on his errors. Sir H. Martin, one of the judges of the court, moved to sue the king to issue his writ de hæretico comburendo, but Laud interposed. Brabourne was censured, and sent to Newgate, where he remained eighteen months. When he had been a year in prison, he was again examined before Laud, who told him that if he had stopped with what he said of the Lord's day, namely that it is not a sabbath of divine institution, but a holy day of the church, 'we should not have troubled you.' Ultimately, he made his submission to the high commission court. The document is called a recantation, but when safe from the clutches of the court, Brabourne explained that all he had actually retracted was the word 'necessarily.' He had affirmed 'that Saturday ought necessarily to be our sabbath;' this he admitted to be a 'rash and


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 between Two Stages,' expresses his want of faith in the story of her innocence, concerning which, without arraigning it, he says (p. 18), 'I believe no more on't than I believe of John Mandevil.' Wholly valueless is the evidence of these two indirect assailants against the general verdict of a time known to be censorious. Mrs. Bracegirdle may at least claim to have had the highest reputation for virtue of any woman of her age; and her benevolence to the unemployed poor of Clare Market and adjacent districts, 'so that she could not pass that neighbourhood without the thankful acclamations of people of all degrees, so that, if any one affronted her, they would have been in danger of being killed directly ', is a pleasing trait in her character. The story is worth repeating that 'Lord Halifax, overhearing the praise of Mrs. Bracegirdle's virtuous behaviour by the Dukes of Dorset and Devonshire and other nobles, said, "You all commend her virtue, &c., but why do we not present this incomparable woman with something worthy her acceptance?" His lordship deposited 200 guineas, which the rest made up to 800 and sent to her'. Whether, as is insinuated in some quarters, she yielded to the advances of Congreve, whose devotion to her, like the similar devotion of Howe, seemed augmented by her success in his pieces, and whose testimony in his poems appears, like all other testimony, to establish her virtue, remains undetermined. In her own time she was suspected, though her biographers ignore the fact, of being married to Congreve. In a poem called 'The Benefits of a Theatre,' which appears in 'The State Poems,' vol. iv. p. 49, and is no more capable of being quoted than are the other contents of that valuable but unsavoury receptacle, Congreve and Mrs. Bracegirdle, unmistakably associated under the names of Valentine and Angelica, are distinctly, though doubtless wrongly, stated to be married. Congreve left her in his will a legacy of 200l. Garrick, who met Mrs. Bracegirdle after she had quitted the stage, and heard her repeat some lines from Shakespeare, is said to have expressed an opinion that her reputation was undeserved. Colley Cibber denied her any 'greater claim to beauty than what the most desirable brunette might pretend to,' but states that 'it was even a fashion among the gay and young to have a taste or tendre for Mrs. Bracegirdle.' She inspired the best authors to write for her, and two of them, Congreve and Rowe, 'when they gave her a lover, in her play, seemed palpably to plead their own passion, and made their private court to her in fictitious character.' Aston, bitter in tongue as he ordinarily is, shared his father's belief in her purity, and has left a sufficiently tempting picture of her. 'She was of a lovely height, with dark-brown hair and eyebrows, black sparkling eyes and a fresh blushy complexion, and, whenever she exerted herself, had an involuntary flushing in her breast, neck, and face, having continually a cheerful aspect, and a fine set of even white teeth, never making an exit but that she left the audience in an imitation of her pleasant countenance' (Brief Supplement, pp. 9-10).

 BRACEGIRDLE, JOHN (d. 1613–14), poet, is supposed to have been a son of John Bracegirdle, who was vicar of Stratford-upon-Avon from 1560 to 1569. He was matriculated as a sizar of Queens' College, Cambridge, in December 1588, proceeded B.A. in 1591-1592, commenced M.A. in 1595, and proceeded B.D. in 1602. He was inducted to the vicarage of Rye in Sussex, on the presentation of Thomas Sackville, lord Buckhurst, 12 July 1602, and was buried there on 8 Feb. 1613-14.

He is author of 'Psychopharmacon, the Mindes Medicine; or the Phisicke of Philosophie, contained, in five bookes, called the Consolation of Philosophie, compiled by Anicius Manlius Torquatus Severinus Boethius,' translated into English blank verse, except the metres, which are in many different kinds of rhyme, Addit. MS. 11401. It is dedicated to Thomas Sackville, earl of Dorset.

 BRACKEN, HENRY, M.D. (1697–1764), writer on farriery, was the son of Henry Bracken of Lancaster, and was baptised there 31 Oct. 1697. His early education was gained at Lancaster under Mr. Bordley and the Rev. Thomas Holmes, and he was afterwards apprenticed to Dr. Thomas Worthington, a physician in extensive practice at Wigan. At the expiration of his apprenticeship, about 1717, he went to London, and passed a few months as a pupil at St. Thomas's Hospital. Thence he went over to


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sits by the fire; How can she be fair? In walks the little dog; Says, "Pussy! are you there? How do you do, Mistress Pussy? Mistress Pussy, how d'ye do?" "I thank you kindly, little dog, I fare as well as you!"

diddle diddle, The cat and the fiddle, The cow jumped over the moon; The little dog laughed To see such sport, While the dish ran after the spoon.

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 Paris to attend the Hôtel-Dieu, and subsequently to Leyden, where he studied under Herman Boerhaave, and took his degree of M.D., but his name is omitted from the 'Album Studiosorum Academiæ Lugd. Bat.,' printed in 1875. On his return to London he attended the practice of Drs. Wadsworth and Plumtree, and soon began to practise on his own account at Lancaster, and before long became widely known as a surgeon and author. About 1746 he was charged with abetting the Jacobite rebels and thrown into prison, but was discharged without trial, there appearing to have been no ground for his arrest; indeed, he had previously rendered a service to the king by intercepting a messenger to the rebels, and sending the letters to the general of the king's forces, and for this act he had been obliged to keep out of the way of the Pretender's followers. He received much honour in his native town, and was twice elected mayor—in 1747-8 and 1757-8. In his method of practice as a medical man he was remarkably simple, discarding many of the usual nostrums. In private life he was liberal, generous, charitable, and popular; but his love of horse-racing, of conviviality, and of smuggling, which he called gambling with the king, prevented him from reaping or retaining the full fruits of his success. He published several books on horses, written in a rough, unpolished style, but abounding in such sterling sense as to cause him to be placed by John Lawrence at the head of all veterinary writers, ancient or modern. Their dates and titles are as follows: in 1735, an edition of Captain William Burdon's 'Gentleman's Pocket Farrier,' with notes; in 1738, 'Farriery Improved, or a Compleat Treatise upon the Art of Farriery,' 2 vols., which went through ten or more editions; in 1742, 'The Traveller's Pocket Farrier;' in 1751, 'A Treatise on the True Seat of Glanders in Horses, together with the Method of Cure, from the French of De la Fosse.' He wrote also 'The Midwife's Companion,' 1737, which he dedicated to Boerhaave (it was issued with a fresh title-page in 1751); 'Lithiasis Anglicana; or, a Philosophical Enquiry into the Nature and Origin of the Stone and Gravel in Human Bodies,' 1739; a translation from the French of Maitre-Jan on the eye; and some papers on small-pox, &c. On the establishment of the London Medical Society, Dr. Fothergill wrote to request the literary assistance of Bracken, 'for whose abilities,' he observed, 'I have long had a great esteem, and who has laboured more successfully for the improvement of medicine than most of his contemporaries.' Bracken died at Lancaster, 13 Nov. 1764.

 BRACKENBURY, EDWARD (1785–1864), lieutenant-colonel, a direct descendant from Sir Robert Brackenbury, lieutenant of the Tower of London in the time of Richard III, was second son of Richard Brackenbury of Aswardby, Lincolnshire, by his wife Janetta, daughter of George Gunn of Edinburgh, and was born in 1785. Having entered the army as an ensign in the 61st regiment in 1803, and become a lieutenant on 8 Dec. in the same year, he served in Sicily, in Calabria, at Scylla Castle and at Gibraltar, 1807-8, and in the Peninsula from 1809 to the end of the war in 1814. At the battle of Salamanca he took a piece of artillery from the enemy, guarded by four soldiers, close to their retiring column, without any near or immediate support, and in many other important engagements conducted himself with distinguished valour. As a reward for his numerous services he received the war medal with nine clasps.

On 22 July 1812 he was promoted to a captaincy, and after the conclusion of the war was attached to the Portuguese and Spanish army from 25 Oct. 1814 to 25 Dec. 1816, when he was placed on half-pay. He served as a major in the 28th foot from 1 Nov. 1827 to 31 Jan. 1828, when he was again placed on half-pay. His foreign services were further recognised by his being made a knight of the Portuguese order of the Tower and Sword in 1824, a knight of the Spanish order of St. Ferdinand, and a commander of the Portuguese order of St. Bento d'Avis.

Brackenbury, who was knighted by the king at Windsor Castle on 26 Aug. 1836, was a magistrate and deputy-lieutenant for the county of Lincoln. He attained to the rank of lieutenant-colonel on 10 Jan. 1837, and ten years afterwards sold out of the army. He died at Skendleby Hall, Lincolnshire, on 1 June 1864.

He was twice married: first, on 9 June 1827, to Maria, daughter of the Rev. Edward Bromhead of Reepham near Lincoln, and, secondly, in March 1847, to Eleanor, daughter of Addison Fenwick of Bishopwearmouth, Durham, and widow of W. Brown Clark of Belford Hall, Northumberland. She died in 1862.


text:
Author:Edward Steere

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Author:Robert Henry Codrington

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 * The Melanesians: Studies in their Anthropology and Folklore. (1891). Oxford: Clarendon Press.

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Author:Arthur Kenyon Rogers

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cxxx increased in strength, as heresies arose, and consequent persecution, then the secret meetings of these sectarians, as we should now call them, were identified by the hierarchy with the rites of sorcery and magic, and with the relics of the worship of the old gods. By the time, too, that the hierarchy was established, that belief in the fallen angel, the Arch-Fiend, the Devil, originally so foreign to the nations of the West, had become thoroughly ingrafted on the popular mind, and a new element of wickedness and superstition was introduced at those unholy festivals. About the middle of the thirteenth century, we find the mania for persecuting heretics invading the tribes of Teutonic race from France and Italy, backed by all the power of the Pope. Like jealousy, persecution too often makes the meat it feeds on, and many silly, if not harmless, superstitions were rapidly put under the ban of the Church, Now the "Good Lady " and her train begin to recede; they only fill up the background, while the Prince of Darkness steps, dark and terrible, in front, and soon draws after him the following of the ancient goddess. Now we hear stories of demoniac possession; now the witches adore a demon of the other sex. With the male element, and its harsher, sterner nature, the sinfulness of these unholy assemblies is infinitely increased; folly becomes guilt, and guilt crime.


text:
Author:Henry Bronson Dewing

Translations

 * Procopius, History of the Wars
 * The Secret History or the Anecdota

title: Author:Henry Bronson Dewing


text: Author:Herbert Butterfield

title: Author:Herbert Butterfield


text:
The New International Encyclopædia/Zirkel, Ferdinand

ZIRKEL, tsēr'kel, (1838—). A German mineralogist, born at Bonn. He was at first interested in mining, visited Iceland in company with Preyer in 1860, and after being employed for two years in the Geological Institution at Vienna, became professor, successively at the universities of Lemberg (1863), Kiel (1868), and Leipzig (1870), where he was also made director of the Mineralogical Museum. He traveled for study in France, Italy, and Scotland; came to America in 1874 to examine the great collections of minerals made during the exploration of the fortieth degree of latitude, and in 1894-95 pursued scientific investigations in Ceylon and India. His more extensive writings include: Reise nach Island im Sommer 1860 (with Preyer, 1862); Lehrbuch der Petrographie (1866, 2d ed. 1893-95); Die mikroskopische Beschaffenheit der Mineralien und Gesteine (1873); “Microscopical Petrography,” in Report of the United States Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel (1876); and Ueber Urausscheidungen rheinischer Basalte (1893). After the death of Naumann he edited the new issues of his Elemente der Mineralogie (14th ed. 1901).


text:
User talk:129.113.127.78

--Longfellow (talk) 11:53, 29 October 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:129.113.127.78


text: Author:Henry Barton Baker

title: Author:Henry Barton Baker


text:
Author:Henry James O'Brien Bedford-Jones

Fiction

 * The Cross and the Hammer: A tale of the days of the Vikings ( 1912) illus E. H. Hartke his. fiction
 * The Conquest (1914) IA
 * Flamehair the Skald: A tale of the days of Hardrede IA
 * Blood Royal (1914)
 * Under Fire (1915)
 * L'Arbre Croche Mission IA
 * Sword Flame (1918)
 * Nuala O'Malley (from All Story weekly, 1918)
 * The Opium Ship (1919, 4-part serial in The Thrill Book magazine)
 * Pirates' Gold (1920)
 * The Mesa Trail (1920) IA :
 * Bigfoot Joe and Others: Figments of fancy (1920) short stories and poems IA
 * Arizona Argonauts (1920) (1924 edition)
 * The Mardi Gras Mystery (1921) frontispiece John Newton Howitt
 * The Shadow (1922)
 * The Second Mate (1922) novella IA (1923, c. 1922)
 * The Sheriff of Pecos (1923)
 * Mormon Valley (1924)
 * The Star Woman (1924) (his. fiction)
 * Golden Ghost

John Solomon series
(as Allan Hawkwood)

 * The Gate of Farewell (1928; in Argosy, Jan–Feb 1914) [Book #1?] IA
 * Solomon's Quest (1915)
 * Gentleman Solomon (1915; People's Magazine 1915) IA
 * Solomon's Carpet (1915; People's Magazine, Oct 1915)
 * The Seal of John Solomon (1924; Argosy, 1915)
 * John Solomon, Argonaut (1916)
 * John Solomon, Retired (1917; People's Magazine Dec 1917)
 * Pilgrim Solomon (1917)
 * Solomon's Son (1918)
 * John Solomon—Supercargo (1924; Argosy 1914)
 * John Solomon, Incognito (1925; sl 1921)
 * The Shawl of Solomon (1925; sl. 1917)
 * The Wizard of the Atlas (1928)

Boy Scouts of the Air
(All authors of the series used the pseudonym Gordon Stuart. Only titles by Bedford-Jones are shown.)
 * The Boy Scouts of the Air in the Dismal Swamp (1920)
 * The Boy Scouts of the Air at Cape Peril (1921)
 * The Boy Scouts of the Air on Baldcrest (1922)

Novellas and short stories from magazines

 * Longer works and series
 * "A Discord in Avalon," (novella, New Story Magazine, July, 1914)
 * "Rajah of Hell Island" (novella, All-Story Weekly, Mar 24 1917)
 * "Bob Bowen comes to Town" (novelette, All-Story Weekly, Nov 2, 1918)
 * "The House of Skulls" (novelette, All-Story Weekly, Jan 25, 1919)
 * "Four Quarts of Rubies," (3-part serial, All-Story Weekly, June 7-21, 1919)
 * "The Opium Ship," (4-part serial, Jul 1-Aug 16 1919)
 * "The Second Life of Monsieur the Devil" (3-part serial, Blue Book Magazine, Aug–Oct 1920)
 * "The Ship of Shadows" (novella, Blue Book Magazine, Feb 1920)
 * "The Brazen Peacock" (3-part serial, Blue Book Magazine, Aug-Oct 1920)
 * "The Messenger" (Adventure, 1920 Dec 1) (with W C Robertson) novella
 * "The Temple of the Ten" (1921 March 3, Adventure. Sequel to "The Messenger." In book form 1973) with W. C. Robertson novelette
 * "Blood of the Eagle" (novella, Munsey's May 1922)
 * "Treasure Royal" (novelette, Munsey's Jan 1922)
 * "Down the Coast of Barbary," (novelette, All-Story Weekly, Oct 21, 1922)
 * "Cactus and Rattlers" (novelette, Blue Book Magazine, Jan. 1924)
 * "The Arizona Callahan" (Blue Book, March 1924) novelette
 * "Madagascar Gold" (novelette, Blue Book May 1924) [Trenchard] novelette
 * "The Barren Islands" (Blue Book, June 1924) [Trenchard] novelette
 * "South, West and North" (novel, Adventure Oct 30, 1924)
 * "Profit Intangible," (novelette, Everybody's, 1925)
 * "George, Tete-Beche" (Short Stories US, 1926 Feb 10) novelette
 * "The Sergius Stones" (Everybody's Magazine, 1926 June)  novelette
 * "The Cibourne Trail" (The Blue Book, July 1926) novella; as Allan Hawkwood
 * "The Trail of Jeopardy" (Short Stories, 25 Dec 1926) ss
 * The Trail of Death (The Blue Book Magazine, 1926 Oct–?) series
 * "West of Plymouth" (1926 Oct) novelette
 * "Over Abbeville" (1926 Nov) novelette
 * "North of Trouville" (1927 Jan) novelette
 * "The Three Men Over the Hill," (Everybody's Magazine, January 1927)
 * "The Bar E Bar Bandit" (The Blue Book, Jan 1927) novelette [as Allan Hawkwood]
 * "Men Make Mistakes" (Adventure, 1927 Aug 15)  novelette
 * "The Net" (Short Stories US, 1928 May 10) novella
 * "Rifles at Eagle Pass" (Short Stories (US) 1928 Dec 10) novella
 * "The Pearl of Price" (Blue Book, 1933)  novelette
 * Detective Clancy (1926–?) series
 * "Clancy, Detective" (The Blue Book, April 1926) novelette
 * "Five Years After" (The Blue Book Magazine, 1926 Sept) novelette
 * American League Convention
 * "La Belle Marquise" (The Blue Book Magazine, 1928 Jan) novelette

 * Short stories
 * "A Personal Problem," (All-Story Cavalier Weekly, July 11, 1914)
 * "Clem Frobisher's Man-sized Job" (1916, Wide-Awake) (ss; as by Allan Hawkwood)
 * "A Question of Brains," (People's, Feb 10, 1919)
 * "Mustered Out" (Argosy and Railroad Man's Magazine, Apr 5 1919)
 * "He Swallows Gold" (Argosy and Railroad Man's Magazine, May 3 1919)
 * "Irregular Brethren," (Blue Book, Aug 1919)
 * "The Ironmaster of Chian Fu" (Blue Book, Apr 1920) ss
 * "The Brazen Serpent" (Argosy All-Story Weekly, 1920 June 24)  ss
 * "The Tale of the Tenth Tablet," (Sunday Star, Dec 11 1921)
 * "The Emperor's Amulet," (Sunday Star, Dec 18 1921)
 * "A Tiger Hilt," (Sunday Star, Dec 25 1921) [Toptit]
 * "Red Amber," (Sunday Star, Jan 1 1922)
 * "The Ambassador's Ring," (Sunday Star, Jan 8 1922)
 * "The Image of Earth," (Sunday Star, Jan 15 1922)
 * "Little Tomtit," (Sunday Star, Jan 22 1922) [Toptit]
 * "Sun, Sand and Soap," (Sunday Star, Jan 29 1922)
 * "The Knight Heir," (Munsey's Magazine, Jul 1922)
 * "The Quality of Mercy" (Munsey's, 1922)
 * "Mostly Providence" (Blue Book, 1923 Jan)  ss
 * "Gallegher of Beaver," (Sunday Star, Jul 1 1923)
 * "The Ivory Bird Cage" (McClure's Magazine, 1923 July)  ss
 * "Gallegher's Devil" (McClure's Magazine, 1923 Oct) ss
 * "Red to the Right" (McClure's Magazine, 1924 Feb)  ss
 * "The Four Red Circles," (Blue Book Magazine, Nov 1924)
 * "The White Jade Seal" (Short Stories, 1924)

 * (Adventures of a Professional Corpse)

Non-fiction

 * "Making Your Library Pay Dividends" (The Student Writer, 1922 Aug)  essay

Poetry

 * Figs and Thistles (1915) poetry IA
 * Fruit Before Summer (1915) poems IA
 * Gathered Verse (1916) poems IA
 * The Story of Mision San Juan Capistrano (1918) poems IA


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 Rh From the middle of the fourteenth to the middle of the seventeenth century the history of Europe teems with processes against witches and sorcerers. Before the Reformation it reached its height, in the Catholic world, with the famous bull of Innocent the Eighth in 1484, the infamous Malleus Maleficarum, the first of the long list of witch-finding books, and the zeal with which the State lent all the terrors of the law to assist the ecclesiastical inquisitors. Before the tribunals of those inquisitors, in


text: Author:Henry Alvin Millis

title: Author:Henry Alvin Millis


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 56.djvu/407

 Henry Tilson Shaen Carter, esq., of Watlington House, Oxfordshire. They were exhibited at the National Portrait Exhibition, South Kensington, in 1867.

TILT, JOHN EDWARD (1815–1893), physician, was born at Brighton on 30 Jan. 1815, and received his medical education first at St. George's Hospital and then at Paris, where he graduated M.D. on 15 May 1839. He does not appear to have held any English qualification until he became a member of the Royal College of Physicians of London in 1859. He acted as travelling physician in the family of Count Schuvaloff during 1848–50. He settled in London about 1850, devoting himself to midwifery and the diseases of women, and was then appointed physician-accoucheur to the Farringdon general dispensary and lying-in charity. He was one of the original fellows of the Obstetrical Society of London, where, after filling various subordinate offices, he was elected president for 1874–5. The title of cavaliere of the crown of Italy was conferred upon him in 1875, and he was at the time of his death a corresponding fellow of the academies of medicine of Turin, Athens, and New York. He died at Hastings on 17 Dec. 1893. It was the good fortune of Tilt that he learned from Dr. Récamier in Paris the use of the speculum as an aid to the diagnosis of many of the diseases of women; it was his merit that he made known in this country the use of this instrument at a time when the knowledge of its value was confined to very few persons.

Tilt's works comprise:
 * 1) ‘On Diseases of Menstruation and Ovarian Inflammation,’ London, 1850, 12mo; 3rd edit. 1862.
 * 2) ‘On the Elements of Health and Principles of Female Hygiene,’ London, 1852, 12mo; translated into German, Weimar, 1854.
 * 3) ‘The Change of Life in Health and Disease,’ 2nd edit. 1857; 4th edit. New York, 1882.
 * 4) ‘A Handbook of Uterine Therapeutics and of Diseases of Women,’ London, 1863, 8vo; 4th edit. New York, 1881; translated into German, Erlangen, 1864, and into Flemish, Leeuwarden, 1866.
 * 5) ‘Health in India for British Women,’ London, 1875, 12mo.

TIMBERLAKE, HENRY (d. 1626), traveller, wrote a ‘True and Strange Discourse of the Trauailes of two English Pilgrimes,’ &c., London, 1603, 4to. It was reprinted 1608, 1609, 1611, 1616, 1620, and 1631; by Robert Burton in ‘Two Journeys to Jerusalem,’ London, 1635, 1683, 1759, 1786, 1796, and again from the edition of 1616 in ‘Harleian Miscellany,’ vol. i. 1808. The work is said to have suggested Purchas's ‘Pilgrimes.’ The author tells how, leaving his ship, the Troyan (named only in the first edition of his book), at Alexandria, he proceeded to Cairo, which he left on 9 March 1601–2 for Jerusalem, accompanied by John Burrell of Middlesborough. He gives minute topographical details of the surroundings of Jerusalem, comparing it to London, and placing Bethel, Gilead, Nazareth, and other towns at the distance of Wandsworth, Bow, Chelmsford, &c., for the comprehension of the reader. The journey in the Holy Land occupied fifty days.

Timberlake was a member of the Company of Merchant Adventurers of London, formed in 1612 to discover a north-west passage, and he held first joint stock in the East India Company until 1617. He died about August 1626, as his adventures, worth 1,000l., in the same company, were transferred on 27 Sept. of that year from his executors to one Abraham Jacob.

Another (fl. 1765), born in Virginia, and holding commissions in the old regiment of that province from 1756, was engaged in 1761 in subduing the Cherokee Indians (cf., Hist. of the U. S. iii. 279 seq.). At the request of their king, he accompanied the Indians to their country as an evidence of the good feeling of England, and in May 1762 he escorted three of the chiefs to London, where they were received by the king at St. James's. Timberlake remained in England, hoping to be reimbursed for his outlay in their equipment, and at length received an order to wait on Sir [q. v.], governor-general of Canada, in New York, to receive a commission as lieutenant in the 42nd highland regiment. This apparently he never obtained.

Timberlake made a second journey to England as escort to Cherokees desirous of complaining about encroachments on their hunting-ground, and was in London in March 1765, in which year he published ‘The Memoirs of Lieut. Henry Timberlake,’ &c., London, 1765, 8vo, containing an account of his adventures, with information on the habits, dress, arms, and songs of the Cherokees. It was used by Southey in his poem of ‘Madoc.’ A German translation appeared in Köhler's ‘Collection of Travels,’ 1767.

[For the earlier Timberlake see his True and Strange Discourse, first edition, at Brit. Mus.;


text: Author talk:Harry Clifton Heaton

title: Author talk:Harry Clifton Heaton


text: Author:Harry Clifton Heaton

title: Author:Harry Clifton Heaton


text:
Author:George Manville Fenn

Works

 * A Dangerous Game, in Yule Logs, ed. G. A. Henty, 1898
 * cowrote The Fate of Fenella (1892)
 * The Dark House (1885)
 * (1891)
 * (1892)

Novels

 * Cabby (1864)
 * Hollowdell Grange (1866)
 * Webs in the Way (1867)
 * Bent, Not Broken (3 vols, 1867)
 * Mad (1868)
 * By Birth a Lady (1871)
 * The Sapphire Cross (1871)
 * Thereby Hangs a Tale (1876)
 * A Little World (1877, reprinted 1882 as Poverty Corner: A City Story)
 * The Chemist, a complete 64-page story for the March issue of Once a Week, a magazine he had purchased in 1870
 * Pretty Polly (3 vols, 1878)
 * The Parson o' Dumford (1879)
 * The Clerk of Portwick (1880)
 * Bunyip Land (1880)
 * Off to the Wilds (1880)
 * Devon Boys (1880)
 * The Vicar's People (1881)
 * Eli's Children (1882)
 * Dutch the Diver (1883)
 * Middy and Ensign (1883)
 * Nat the Naturalist (1883)
 * Son Philip (1883)
 * The Silver Cañon (1884)
 * The Golden Magnet (1884)
 * Sweet Mace (1884)
 * The Rosery Folk (1884)
 * Through Forest and Stream: The Quest of the Quetzal (1884)
 * The Dark House (1885)
 * Morgan's Horror (1885)
 * Eve At the Wheel (1885)
 * Menhardoc (1885)
 * Dick o' the Fens (1885)
 * A Terrible Coward (1885)
 * The New Forest Spy: a Tale of a Lost Cause (1885)
 * Patience Wins (1886)
 * Brownsmith's Boy (1886)
 * The Master of the Ceremonies (1886)
 * The Chaplain's Craze (1886)
 * Double Cunning (1886)
 * The Bag of Diamonds (1887)
 * One Maid's Mischief (1887)
 * This Man's Wife (1887)
 * Yussuf the Guide (1887)
 * Quicksilver (1888)
 * Mother Carey's Chicken (1888)
 * The Man With a Shadow (1888)
 * The Story of Antony Grace, or, Some Stained Pages (1887)
 * Commodore Junk (1888)
 * Of High Descent (1889)
 * The Lass That Loved a Soldier (1889)
 * Three People's Secret (1889)
 * Crown and Sceptre: A West Country Story (c. 1889)
 * Three Boys, or The Chiefs of the Clan Mackhai (1889)
 * In the King's Name (1890)
 * Cormorant Crag (1890)
 * Will of the Mill (1890)
 * The Adventures of Don Lavington (1890)
 * Cutlass and Cudgel (1890)
 * Mass' George (1890)
 * Charge! (1890)
 * Lady Maude's Mania (1890)
 * The Mynns' Mystery (1890)
 * A Double Knot (1890)
 * A Fluttered Dovecote (1890)
 * The New Mistress (1891)
 * Mahme Nousie (1891)
 * The Crystal Hunters (1891)
 * Burr Junior (1891)
 * The Rajah of Dah (1891)
 * To the West illustrated by W. J. Morgan (1891)
 * Syd Belton (1891)
 * The Weathercock (1892)
 * The Dingo Boys (1892)
 * Gil the Gunner (1892)
 * King of the Castle (1892)
 * The Grand Chaco (1892)
 * Witness to the Deed (1893)
 * A Sylvan Courtship (1893)
 * Nurse Elisia (1893)
 * Sail-Ho! (1893)
 * Steve Young (1893)
 * The Black Bar (1893)
 * Blue Jackets: The Log of the Teaser (1893)
 * A Life's Eclipse (1894)
 * First In the Field (1894)
 * Fire Island (1894)
 * The Star-Gazers (1894)
 * The White Virgin (1894)
 * Real Gold (1894)
 * The Vast Abyss (1894)
 * The Tiger Lily (1894)
 * In an Alpine Valley (1894)
 * An Electric Spark (1895)
 * The Queen's Scarlet (1895)
 * Planter Jack (1895)
 * In Honour's Cause (1896)
 * The Black Tor (1896)
 * Sappers and Miners (1896)
 * Jack At Sea; or All Work and No Play Made Him a Dull Boy (1896)
 * Cursed By a Fortune (1896)
 * The Case of Ailsa Gray (1896)
 * Smith's Weakness (1896)
 * Captain Jack (1896)
 * Roy Royland (1896)
 * Frank and Saxon (1897)
 * The Little Skipper (1897)
 * Vince the Rebel (1897)
 * The Silver Salvors (1898)
 * A Woman Worth Winning (1898)
 * Draw Swords! (1898)
 * Our Soldier Boy (1898)
 * Jungle and Stream (1898)
 * Nic Revel (1898)
 * In the Mahdi's Grasp (1899)
 * King O' the Beach (1899)
 * The Vibart Affair (1899)
 * A Crimson Crime (1899)
 * Ned Ledger (1899)
 * Fix Bay'nets! (1899)
 * Young Robin Hood (1899)
 * King Robert's Page (1900)
 * Uncle Bart (1900)
 * The Ocean Waif (1900)
 * A Young Hero (1900)
 * Old Gold (1900)
 * The King's Sons (1900)
 * The Lost Middy (1900)
 * The Powder Monkey (1900)
 * A Dash From Diamond City (1901)
 * The Kopje Garrison (1901)
 * The Cankerworm (1901)
 * Pulabad (1901)
 * Something Like a Snake (1901)
 * Running Amok (1901)
 * Ching, the Chinaman, and His Middy Friends (1901)
 * Coastguard Jack (1902)
 * The Peril Finders (1902)
 * Black Shadows (1902)
 * Stan Lynn (1902)
 * The King's Esquires (1903)
 * Walsh the Wonder-Worker (1903)
 * It Came to Pass (1903)
 * Fitz the Filibuster (1903)
 * Coming Home to Roost (1904)
 * Blind Policy (1904)
 * The Ocean Cat's Paw (1904)
 * Rob Harlow's Adventures (1904)
 * Glyn Severn's School-days (1904)
 * Marcus, the Young Centurion (1904)
 * To Win or to Die (1904)
 * Trapper Dan (1905)
 * Nephew Jack (1905)
 * So Like a Woman (1905)
 * Shoulder Arms! (1905)
 * Hunting the Skipper (1906)
 * Dead Man's Land (1906)
 * Aynsley's Case (1906)
 * Happy Playmates (1906)
 * 'Tention! (1906)
 * Trapped By Malays (1907)
 * The Country Squire (1907)

Collections of short stories

 * Begumbagh (1879)
 * Adventures of Working Men (1881)
 * In Jeopardy (1889)
 * Sawed Off (1891)
 * Princess Fedor's Pledge (1891)
 * Tales of Peril and Heroism (1898)
 * Two Rough Stones, and A Bad Day's Fishing (1902)
 * A Meeting Of Greeks and the Tug Of War (1902)
 * Brave and True, and Other Stories (1902)
 * The Traitor's Gait [sic] (1906)

Plays
(written with James Henry Darnley)
 * The Balloon (1899)
 * The Barrister (1899)

Biographies

 * Memoir of B. F. Stevens (1903)
 * George Alfred Henty (1907)

Anthologies edited (as by G M F)

 * The World of Wit and Humour (1871)
 * A Book of Fair Women (1872)

Other works

 * Featherland (1866)
 * Original Penny Readings (1866)
 * Christmas Penny Readings (1867)
 * Midnight Webs (1872)
 * The Blue Dragoons (1875)
 * Friends I Have Made (1881)
 * My Patients (1883)
 * In the Wilds of New Mexico (1888)
 * High Play (1897)
 * The Khedive's Country (1904)
 * Little People's Book of Wild Animals (1905)

title: Author:George Manville Fenn


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Page:Popular tales from the Norse (1912).djvu/138

 cxxxii the fifteenth century, innumerable victims were arraigned on the double charge of heresy and sorcery—for the crimes ran in couples, both being children and sworn servants of the Devil. Would that the historian could say that with the era of the Reformation these abominations ceased! The Roman Hierarchy, with her bulls and inquisitors, had sown a bitter crop, which both she and the Protestant Churches were destined to reap; but in no part of the world were the labourers more eager and willing, when the fields were "black" to harvest, than in those very reformed communities which had just shaken off the yoke of Rome, and which had sprung in many cases from the very heretics whom she had persecuted and burnt, accusing them, at the same time, of the most malignant sorceries. Their excuse is, that no


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Rh one is before his age. The intense personality given to the Devil in the Middle Age had possessed the whole mind of Europe. "We must take them as we find them, with their bright fancy, their earnest faith, their stern fanaticism, their revolting superstition, just as when we look upon a picture we know that those brilliant hues and tones, that spirit which informs the whole, could never be were it not for the vulgar earths and oil out of which the glorious work of art is mixed and made. Strangely monotonous are all the witch trials of which Europe has so many to show. At first the accused denies, then under torture she confesses, then relapses and denies; tortured again, she confesses again, amplifies her story, and accuses others. When given to the stake, she not seldom asserts all her confessions to be false, which is ascribed to the power which the fiend still has over her. Then she is burnt and her ashes given to the winds. Those who wish to read one, unexampled perhaps for barbarity and superstition, and more curious than the rest from the prominence given in it to a man, may find it in the trial of Dr. Fian, the Scotch wizard, "which Doctor was register to the devill, that sundrie times preached at North Baricke (North Berwick, in East Lothian) Kirke to a number of notorious Witches." But


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cxxxiv we advise no one to venture on a perusal of this tract who is not prepared to meet with the most unutterable accusations and crimes, the most cruel tortures, and the most absurd confessions, followed as usual by the stoutest denial of all that had been confessed; when torture had done her worst on poor human nature, and the soul reasserted at the last her supremacy over the body.


text: Author talk:Evelyn May Noble Armitage

title: Author talk:Evelyn May Noble Armitage


text:
Page:Popular tales from the Norse (1912).djvu/141

 Rh characteristic of all these witch trials is the fact, that in spite of their unholy connection and intrigues with the Evil One, no witch ever attained to wealth and station by the aid of the Prince of Darkness. The pleasure to do ill is all the pleasure they feel. This fact alone might have opened the eyes of their persecutors, for if the Devil had the worldly power which they represented him to have,


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 cxxxvi he might at least have raised some of his votaries to temporal rank, and to the pomps and the vanities of this world. An old German proverb expresses this notorious fact, by saying, that "every seven years a witch is three halfpence richer;" and so with all the unholy means of Hell at their command, they dragged out their lives, along with their black cats, in poverty and wretchedness. To this fate at last came the worshippers of the great goddess Freyja, whom our forefathers adored as the goddess of love and plenty; and whose car was drawn by those animals which popular superstition has ever since assigned to the "old witch" of our English villages.

The North was not free, any more than the rest of the Protestant world, from this direful superstition, which ran


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Rh over Europe like a pestilence in the sixteenth century. In Sweden especially, the witches and their midnight ridings to Blokulla, the black hill, gave occasion to processes as absurd and abominable as the trial of Dr. Fian and the witch-findings of Hopkins. In Denmark, the sorceresses were supposed to meet at Tromsoe, high up in Finmark, or even on Hecla in Iceland. The Norse witches met at a Blokolle of their own, or on the Dovrefell, or at other places in Norway or Finmark. As might be expected, we find many traces of witchcraft in these Tales, but it may be doubted whether these may not be referred rather to the old heathen belief in such arts still lingering in the popular mind than to the processes of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, which were far


text:
Author:Frank Finn

Works

 * Fancy Waterfowl. London : 'The Feathered World' (1900).
 * Fancy Pheasants and their Allies. London : 'The Feathered World' (1901).
 * Garden and Aviary Birds of India
 * How to know the Indian Ducks. Calcutta : Tacker, Spink & Co (1901)
 * Birds of Calcutta (1901)
 * How to Know the Indian Waders (1906)
 * Ornithological and other Oddities (1907)
 * The Making of Species (1909, with Douglas Dewar)
 * Indian Sporting Birds (1915)
 * The World's Most Primitive People, The Radio Times, 26 October 1923, p.139
 * Birds Of Our Country: Their Eggs, Nests, Life, Haunts And Identification (two volumes; 1923?) with E. Kay Robinson
 * Birds Of Our Country: Their Eggs, Nests, Life, Haunts And Identification (two volumes; 1923?) with E. Kay Robinson

Contributions to The Zoologist

About Frank Finn

 * review of Fancy Waterfowl (1900) in The Zoologist, 4th series, vol 4, issue 712 (October, 1900), p. 487/8.
 * (short) review of How to know the Indian Ducks (1901) in The Zoologist, 4th series, vol 5, issue 725 (November, 1901), p. 437.

title: Author:Frank Finn


text:
Page:Popular tales from the Norse (1912).djvu/144

 cxxxviii more a craze and mania of the educated classes acting under a mistaken religious fanaticism against popular superstitions than a movement arising from the mass of the community. Still, in the Mastermaid, p. 71, the witch of a sister-in-law, who had rolled the apple over to the Prince, and so charmed him, was torn to pieces between twenty-four horses. The old queen in "The Lassie and her Godmother," p. 188, tries to persuade her son to have the young queen burnt alive for a wicked witch, who was dumb, and had eaten her own babes. In "East o' the Sun and West o' the Moon," p. 22, it is a wicked stepmother who has bewitched the prince. In "Bushy Bride," p. 322, the ugly bride charms the king to sleep, and is at last thrown, with her wicked mother, into a pit full of snakes. In "The Twelve Wild Ducks," p. 51, the wicked stepmother persuades the king that Snow-white and Rosy-red is a witch, and almost persuades him to burn her alive. In "Tatterhood," p. 345, a whole troop of witches come to keep their revels on Christmas eve in the Queen's Palace, and snap off the young Princess's head. It is hard, indeed, in tales where Trolls play so great a part, to keep witch and Troll separate; but the above instances will shew that the belief in the one, as distinct from the other, exists in the popular superstitions of the North.

The frequent transformation of men into beasts, in these Tales, is another striking feature. This power the gods of the Norseman possessed in common with those of all other mythologies. Europa and her Bull, Leda and her Swan, will occur at once to the reader's mind; and to come to closer resemblances, just as Athene appears in the


text:
The New International Encyclopædia/Zirknitzer See

ZIRKNITZER SEE, tsĭrk'nĭts-ẽr zā, or CZIRKNITZER SEE. A small lake in Carniola, Austria, 28 miles northeast of Triest (Map: Austria, D 4). It lies in a depression of the limestime plateau known as the ../Karst/ (q.v.), and exhibits some of the most remarkable features of Karst phenomena. The lake, which under ordinary conditions has an area of about 10 square miles and a mean depth of 20 feet, communicates through a number of openings with a series of subterranean reservoirs or caverns,

some of which are above the lake-level in the surrounding hills. In the autumn, when the rainfall is slight, the lake is completely drained into the reservoirs lying below its level, and its bed is speedily covered with rich herbage. With the returning heavy rains the surrounding higher reservoirs are filled and discharge suddenly through the subterranean passages into the lake, so that the latter very rapidly regains its ordinary volume and may even inundate the surrounding country. The changes in level are, however, very irregular. Sometimes the lake does not disappear for several years, and once, in 1834-35, it remained dry for over a year. It is rich in fish, which disappear and return with the water.


text: Author:Evelyn May Noble Armitage

title: Author:Evelyn May Noble Armitage


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Page:Lectures on Modern History.djvu/372

 Catholics— Measures at Diet of Spires, 106; results of the Thirty Years' War on, 194; under James I., 197-8; under Charles I., 210; under James II., 220-21; promises of William of Orange, 225-6; in Prussia, 286

Cato, 25

Caussin, Jesuit, 116, 178

Cavendish, report of Parliamentary debates, 276

Celibacy of the clergy, 90

Celle, Duke of, 266

Cervera, 153

Cervina, elevation to the Papacy, 121-2

Cesarini, Cardinal, 90

Chaise, Père La, 214

Champel, 135

Charlemagne, 82

Charles, Archduke of Austria, 186, 252, 260, 262

Charles I. of England— Policy, 201-2; execution, 202, the Civil War, 203

Charles I. of Spain. (See also Charles V.)— Election, 47; sack of Rome, 48-9; enthroned as Emperor Charles V., 50

Charles II. of England— Reaction under, 204-6; Restoration, 204, 207; conditions for return, 207; Treaty of Dover, 210-15; Declaration of Indulgence, 212; Test Act, 212; Writs of Assistance, 307

Charles II. of Spain— Accession of, 236; death, 252-3; will of, 253

Charles V., Emperor— Slave trade under, 67-8; at Diet of Worms, 99-101; at Diet of Augsburg, 106-7; and the Index, 120; attitude towards German Reformation, 126-9; and the Peace of Religion, 128-9, abdication of, 129; flight before Maurice, 136; invasion of Rome, 138; peace with the Pope, 140; and the English divorce, 141

Charles VI., Emperor, protects Alexis, 283; policy, 290; death, 291

Charles VIII. of France— Conquest of Naples, 38-9; Treaty of Barcelona, 39-40; death of, 40

Charles IX. of France— Minority of, 157 et seq.; treaty with Elizabeth, 158; massacre of St. Bartholomew, 159-63; murder of Coligny, 159-60

Charles XII. of Sweden, 280, 281

Charlottenburg, 300

Chatham, Earl of— American speeches, 217; "King's Friends," 275; resignation, 276; continental policy, 295-6; alliance with Frederic II., 299-300; sympathy with the Colonists, 309; death, 313

Chatillon, Duke of, 160

Chieregato, Bishop, Memoirs, 108

Chigi, family of, 226

China, early Indian trade, 55; Jesuits in, 115

Christian IV. of Denmark, 185-6

Chrysoloras, 75

Chuquet, Wars of the Revolution, 18

Church and State, separation, 91, 107

Church of England, John Robinson and, 206

Cicero, 72

Civil war in England, division of the country, 203; results, 205

Clarendon, Lord, 163; policy, 209

Clausewitz, 298

Clément, Jacques, assassinates Henry III., 167

Clement, St., 78

Clement VI., Pope, 93

Clement VII., Pope— Imprisonment and sack of Rome, 48-9, 107, 139, 142; and the Reformation, 109; and the Jews, 112; and the divorce question, 139-40

Clement VIII., Pope, 197

Clement XI., Pope, 253

Cleveland, Duchess of, 227

Coburg, Castle of, 106

Cochin, 56

Cochlæus, 105

Coimbra, 247

Coire, Provost of, cited, 106

Coke, Sir Edward, 199

Colbert, Jean Baptiste, 12, 234, 239, 244

Coleman, Secretary to Duchess of York, 213, 246

Coligny, Admiral, policy of, 158; murder of, 159-60

Cologne, Abp. of, 181

Cologne, Jewish persecutions, 85

Columbus, Christopher, 3-4, 60-64

Commonwealth, results of the, 205

Commynes, 19, 195

Compagni, Dino, 16

Comte, 11, 22

Concini and Mary of Medici, 175

Conclave, establishment of the, 50

Concordat of Bologna, 47


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 For nearly two hundred years—that is, since 1677—there has been on the statute book of England, and the same, in substance, if not precisely in letter, has been re-enacted, and is now in force, in nearly or quite all the States of this Union, a statute, the general object of which is to declare that no action shall be brought to enforce contracts of the more important class, unless they are put in writing, and signed by the parties to be held chargeable upon them.

The principle of the statute, be it observed, is, not merely that written contracts shall be signed, but also that all

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text:
Author:Edmund Hodgson Yates

Works

 * My Haunts and their Frequenters (1854)
 * After Office-Hours (1861)
 * For Better, for Worse (1864)
 * Broken to Harness: A Story of English Domestic Life (1864), in 2 vols.
 * Running the Gauntlet (1865)
 * The Business of Pleasure (1865)
 * Land at Last (1866)
 * Kissing the Rod (1866)
 * Black Sheep (1867)
 * The Forlorn Hope (1867), in 2 vols.
 * The Rock Ahead (1868), in 2 vols.
 * Wrecked in Port (1869), in 2 vols.
 * A Righted Wrong (1870)
 * Dr. Wainwright's Patient (1871), in 2 vols.
 * The Yellow Flag (1872)
 * A Waiting Race (1872), in 2 vols.
 * Castaway (1872) in 2 vols.
 * Nobody’s Fortune (1872), in 2 vols.
 * The Yellow Flag (1873), in 2 vols.
 * The Impending Sword (1874), in 2 vols.
 * Two, by Tricks (1874)
 * Black Sheep (1874)
 * The Silent Witness (1875), in 2 vols.
 * Going to the Bad (1876)

Works about Yates

 * Edmund Yates: His Recollections and Experiences (1884), by Edmund Yates, in 2 vols.

title: Author:Edmund Hodgson Yates


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, except those specially exempted—generally those that are for small amounts, and are to remain in force but for a short time—shall be both written and signed.

The reason of the statute, on this point, is, that it is now so easy a thing for men to put their contracts in writing, and sign them, and their failure to do so opens the door to so much doubt, fraud, and litigation, that men who neglect to have their contracts—of any considerable importance—written and signed, ought not to have the benefit of courts of justice to enforce them. And this reason is a wise one; and that experience has confirmed its wisdom and necessity, is demonstrated by the fact that it has been acted upon in England for nearly two hundred years, and has been so nearly universally adopted in this country, and that nobody thinks of repealing it.

We all know, too, how careful most men are to have their contracts written and signed, even when this statute does not require it. For example, most men, if they have money due them, of no larger amount than five or ten dollars, are careful to take a note for it. If they buy even a small bill of goods, paying for it at the time of delivery, they take a receipted bill for it. If they pay a small balance of a book account, or any other small debt previously contracted, they take a written receipt for it.

Furthermore, the law everywhere (probably) in our country, as well as in England, requires that a large class of contracts, such as wills, deeds, etc., shall not only be written and signed, but also sealed, witnessed, and acknowledged. And in the case of married women conveying their rights in real estate, the law, in many States, requires that the women shall be examined separate and apart from their husbands, and declare that they sign their contracts free of any fear or compulsion of their husbands.

Such are some of the precautions which the laws require, and which individuals—from motives of common prudence, even in cases not required by law—take, to put their contracts in writing, and have them signed, &c., to guard against all uncertainties

title: Page:No Treason, v6.djvu/25


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Haak, Theodore


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Haast, John Francis Julius von


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Habershon, Matthew


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22 and controversies in regard to their meaning and validity. And yet we have what purports, or professes, or is claimed, to be a contract—the Constitution—made eighty years ago, by men who are now all dead, and who never had any power to bind us, but which (it is claimed) has nevertheless bound three generations of men, consisting of many millions, and which (it is claimed) will be binding upon all the millions that are to come; but which nobody ever signed, sealed, delivered, witnessed, or acknowledged; and which few persons, compared with the whole number that are claimed to be bound by it, have ever read, or even seen, or ever will read, or see. And of those who ever have read it, or ever will read it, scarcely any two, perhaps no two, have ever agreed, or ever will agree, as to what it means.

Moreover, this supposed contract, which would not be received in any court of justice sitting under its authority, if offered to prove a debt of five dollars, owing by one man to another, is one by which—as it is generally interpreted by those who pretend to administer it—all men, women and children throughout the country, and through all time, surrender not only all their property, but also their liberties, and even lives, into the hands of men who by this supposed contract, are expressly made wholly irresponsible for their disposal of them. And we are so insane, or so wicked, as to destroy property and lives without limit, in fighting to compel men to fulfil a supposed contract, which, inasmuch as it has never been signed by anybody, is, on general principles of law and reason—such principles as we are all governed by in regard to other contracts—the merest waste paper, binding upon nobody, fit only to be thrown into the fire; or, if preserved, preserved only to serve as a witness and a warning of the folly and wickedness of mankind.

VI.

It is no exaggeration, but a literal truth, to say that, by the Constitution—not as I interpret it, but as it is interpreted by those

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23 who pretend to administer it—the properties, liberties, and lives of the entire people of the United States are surrendered unreservedly into the hands of men who, it is provided by the Constitution itself, shall never be "questioned" as to any disposal they make of them.

Thus the Constitution (Art. 1, Sec. 6) provides that, "for any speech or debate [or vote,] in either house, they [the senators and representatives] shall not be questioned in any other place."

The whole law-making power is given to these senators and representatives, [when acting by a two-thirds vote] ; and this provision protects them from all responsibility for the laws they make.

The Constitution also enables them to secure the execution of all their laws, by giving them power to withhold the salaries of, and to impeach and remove, all judicial and executive officers, who refuse to execute them.

Thus the whole power of the government is in their hands, and they are made utterly irresponsible for the use they make of it. What is this but absolute, irresponsible power?

It is no answer to this view of the case to say that these men are under oath to use their power only within certain limits; for what care they, or what should they care, for oaths or limits, when it is expressly provided, by the Constitution itself, that they shall never be "questioned," or held to any responsibility whatever, for violating their oaths, or transgressing those limits?

Neither is it any answer to this view of the case to say that the particular individuals holding this power can be changed once in two or six years; for the power of each set of men is absolute during the term for which they hold it; and when they can hold it no longer, they are succeeded only by men whose power will be equally absolute and irresponsible.

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text: Author:James Leith Derwent

title: Author:James Leith Derwent


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Habershon, Samuel Osborne


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Habington, Edward


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Habington, Thomas


text:
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24 Neither is it any answer to this view of the case to say that the men holding this absolute, irresponsible power, must be men chosen by the people (or portions of them) to hold it. A man is none the less a slave because he is allowed to choose a new master once in a term of years. Neither are a people any the less slaves because permitted periodically to choose new masters. What makes them slaves is the fact that they now are, and are always hereafter to be, in the hands of men whose power over them is, and always is to be, absolute and irresponsible.

The right of absolute and irresponsible dominion is the right of property, and the right of property is the right of absolute, irresponsible dominion. The two are identical; the one necessarily implying the other. Neither can exist without the other. If, therefore, Congress have that absolute and irresponsible lawmaking power, which the Constitution—according to their interpretation of it—gives them, it can only be because they own us as property. If they own us as property, they are our masters, and their will is our law. If they do not own us as property, they are not our masters, and their will, as such, is of no authority over us.

But these men who claim and exercise this absolute and irresponsible dominion over us, dare not be consistent, and claim either to be our masters, or to own us as property. They say they are only our servants, agents, attorneys, and representatives. But this declaration involves an absurdity, a contradiction. No man can be my servant, agent, attorney, or representative, and be, at the same time, uncontrollable by me, and irresponsible to me for his acts. It is of no importance that I appointed him, and put all power in his hands. If I made him uncontrollable by me, and irresponsible to me, he is no longer my servant, agent, attorney, or representative. If I gave him absolute,

title: Page:No Treason, v6.djvu/28


text: Author:Edward Abbott Parry

title: Author:Edward Abbott Parry


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 power over my property, I gave him the property. If I gave him absolute, irresponsible power over myself, I made him my master, and gave myself to him as a slave. And it is of no importance whether I called him master or servant, agent or owner. The only question is, what power did I put into his hands? Was it an absolute and irresponsible one? or a limited and responsible one?

For still another reason they are neither our servants, agents, attorneys, nor representatives. And that reason is, that we do not make ourselves responsible for their acts. If a man is my servant, agent, or attorney, I necessarily make myself responsible for all his acts done within the limits of the power I have intrusted to him. If I have intrusted him, as my agent, with either absolute power, or any power at all, over the persons or properties of other men than myself, I thereby necessarily make myself responsible to those other persons for any injuries he may do them, so long as he acts within the limits of the power I have granted him. But no individual who may be injured in his person or property, by acts of Congress, can come to the individual electors, and hold them responsible for these acts of their so-called agents or representatives. This fact proves that these pretended agents of the people, of everybody, are really the agents of nobody.

If, then, nobody is individually responsible for the acts of Congress, the members of Congress are nobody's agents. And if they are nobody's agents, they are themselves individually responsible for their own acts, and for the acts of all whom they employ. And the authority they are exercising is simply their own individual authority; and, by the law of nature—the highest of all laws—anybody injured by their acts, anybody who is deprived by them of his property or his liberty, has the same right to hold them individually responsible, that he has to hold any other trespasser individually responsible. He has the same right

title: Page:No Treason, v6.djvu/29


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Page:Men-at-the-Bar.djvu/357

 Moke, George Edward, B.A., Brasenose Coll., Oxon, a student of the Inner Temple 19 Jan., 1882 (then aged 23), called to the bar 26 Jan., 1885 (only son of late George Louis Augustus Moke, of London, dec.); born, 1859.
 * 49, Cromwell House, South Kensington, S.W.

Molesworth, Bagot Francis (George Bagot Gosset Francis Richard Pigot Molesworth), B.A. King's Coll., Camb., sixteenth wrangler 1875, mathematical lecturer 1875–6, goes the Northern circuit, a student of Lincoln's Inn 2 May, 1876 (then aged 23), called to the bar 25 June, 1879 (eldest son of late Rev. Robert Francis Molesworth, rector of St. Mary March, Camb.); born 23 Jan., 1853 (see Foster's Peerage).
 * 57, Queen's Gale, S.W.

Moline, Edgar Robert, B.A., St. Peter's Coll., Camb., 1878, matric. London Univ. 1873, a student of the Inner Temple 29 Oct., 1879 (then aged 24), called to the bar 18 April, 1883 (2nd son of Frank Moline, of Bristol, co. Glouc.); born, 1855.
 * 5, Pump Court, Temple, E.C.

Molloy, Bernard Charles, M.P. King's Co. since 1880, private chamberlaiin to His Holiness the Pope, president d'honneur des Chevaliers Sauveteurs, sometime capt. in the French army, matric. London Univ. 1857 from St. Edmund's Coll., Ware, educated at Paris and Bonn Univs., a student of the Middle Temple 14 Jan., 1869, called to the bar 26 Jan., 1872 (2nd son of Kedo John Molloy, late of Cornolare, M.A., M.D., dec.); born,.
 * 3, Elm Court, Temple, E.C.

Molloy, James Lynam, M.A., (classical prizeman) Catholic Univ., Ireland, private chamberlain at the Court of the Vatican, secretary of attorney-general late Sir John Holker, M.P., author of Our Autumn Holiday on French Rivers, matric. London Univ. 1854, a student of the Middle Temple 17 Feb., 1859, called to the bar 6 June, 1863 (eldest son of Kedo John Molloy, late of Cornolare, M.A., M.D., dec.); born, ; married 21 July, 18‒‒, Florence Emma, youngest dau. of Henry Baskerville, of Crowsley Park, Oxon, D.L.
 * Woolleys, Henley-on-Thames; 3, Elm Court, Temple, E.C.; Wyndham Club.

Moloney, Michael, B.A., a member of the South-eastern circuit, a student of the Middle Temple 16 Nov., 1868, called to the bar 17 Nov., 1875 (2nd son of Timothy Moloney, of Rathmore Cottage, co. Limerick); born,.
 * Fountain Court or 1, Essex Court, Temple, E.C.

Molyneux, Edward Elcock, LL.B. London Univ. 1840, a student of the Inner Temple 11 Jan., 1839 (then aged 25), called to the bar 7 June, 1844 (eldest son of Edward Elcock Molyneux, of London, formerly of York, gent.); born, 1814.

Moncamp, Philippe Gaston Martin, practises before the supreme court of the Mauritius, a student of the Inner Temple 2 Nov., 1857 (then agsd 19), called to the bar 30 April, 1861 (eldest son of Gaston Moncamp, of Port Louis, Mauritius, planter); born, 1838.
 * Port Louis, Mauritius.

Monck, William Berkeley, B.A. Magdalen Coll., Oxon, a member of the Oxford circuit, J.P. Berks, a student of the Inner Temple 7 Nov., 1864 (then aged 22), called to the bar 27 Jan., 1868 (eldest son of John Bligh Monck, Esq., of Coley Park, Berks); born 8 April, 1842; married 26 Sept., 1872, Althea Paulina Louisa, eldest dau. of Charles Alexander Fanshawe, Esq., of Grodno, Russia, and has issue (see Foster's Peerage).
 * Coley Park, near Reading.

Monckton, Edward Philip, B.A., Trin. Coll., Camb., 1864, went the Midland circuit, J.P. Northants and liberty of Peterborough, capt. Northants and Rutland militia, high sheriff Rutland 1883–4, editor of Baylis' Law of Domestic Servants, a student of the Inner Temple 27 Jan., 1864 (then aged 23), called to the bar 17 Nov., 1868 (eldest son of late Edward Henry Cradock Monckton, Esq., of Fineshade Abbey, Northants); born 18 July, 1840; married 25 Sept., 1866, Christabel, 2nd dau. of Rev. Christopher Dunkin Francis, vicar of Tysoe, co. Warwick, and has issue (see Foster's Peerage, ).
 * Fineshade Abbey, Stamford; Lamb Buildings, Temple, E.C.; Junior Carlton Club.

Monckton, Horace Woollaston, a member of the Midland circuit, a student of the Inner Temple 18 April, 1877 (then aged 18), called to the bar 26 Jan., 1880 (eldest son of Lt.-Col. the Hon. Horace Manners Monckton, of Crowthorne, Berks); born 18 Aug., 1857 (see Foster's Peerage, ).
 * 1, Hare Court, Temple, E.C.; Junior Carlton Club.

Monckton, John Lionel Alexander, educated at Oriel Coll., Oxon, a student of Lincoln's Inn 16 Jan., 1882 (then aged 20), called to the bar 26 Jan., 1885 (eldest son of Sir John Braddick Monckton, town clerk city of London); born, 1862 (see Foster's Baronetage).
 * 59, Cromwell Road, S.W.

Moncreiff, Hon. Frederick Charles, undergrad. New Coll., Oxon, a member of the North-eastern circuit, author of Liability of Innkeepers and Wit and Wisdom of the Bench and the Bar, a student of the Middle Temple 6 May, 1869, called to the bar 30 April, 1874 (4th son of Rt. Hon. James, Lord Moncreiff, LL.D.); born 15 Oct., 1847 (see Foster's Peerage).
 * 24, Davies Street, Berkeley Square, W.; 3, Pump Court, Temple, E.C.

Money, Ernest Montagu, assistant magistrate at Mozufferpore, B.C.S., a trooper in Tirhoot mounted rifles, a student of the Middle Temple 31 Oct., 1868, called to the bar 6 June, 1871 (eldest son of Rowland Money, late B.C.S.); born 28 Dec., 1848.

title: Page:Men-at-the-Bar.djvu/357


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 Cal. State Papers, Col. 1617–21 p. 100, and 1625–1629 p. 299; Christy's Foxe and James, published by the Hakluyt Soc. 1894, ii. 646; Brown's Genesis of the United States, p. 1032; Hazlitt's Bibl. Coll. 2nd ser. p. 598; Justin Winsor's Hist. of America, v. 393.

TIMBRELL, HENRY (1806–1849), sculptor, was born at Dublin in 1806, and began his studies there about 1823 under John Smith, master of the Dublin school of sculpture. In 1831 he went to London, and assisted [q. v.], who continued to employ him occasionally for several years. He was at the same time a student at the Royal Academy. He exhibited in 1833 ‘Phaeton;’ in 1834 ‘Satan in search of the Earth,’ bas-relief; in 1835 ‘Sorrow,’ a monumental group. On 10 Dec. 1835 he gained the gold medal for his group, ‘Mezentius tying the Living to the Dead,’ which was exhibited in 1836. Among his other exhibits at the Royal Academy were several busts; ‘Grief,’ a bas-relief, 1839; ‘Psyche,’ 1842; ‘Hercules and Lycas,’ 1843. With the last-named group he won the travelling studentship of the Royal Academy, and went to Rome in the same year. In 1845 he completed a fine life-sized group, ‘Instruction,’ which was almost totally destroyed in the wreck of the vessel which was bringing it to England. At the time of his death Timbrell was engaged upon two statues for the new Houses of Parliament, and a life-sized statue of Queen Victoria in marble. He died of pleurisy at Rome on 10 April 1849.

His brother, (1810–1850), painter, exhibited three pictures of domestic subjects at the Royal Academy and five at the British Institution between 1830 and 1848. He died at Portsmouth on 5 Jan. 1850.

TIMBS, JOHN (1801–1875), author, was born on 17 Aug. 1801 in Clerkenwell, and was educated at a private school at Hemel Hempstead. He was apprenticed to a printer and druggist at Dorking, and while there began to write, his first contributions appearing in the ‘Monthly Magazine’ in 1820. About that year he came to London, and was for some time amanuensis to Sir [q. v.], publisher of the magazine. From that time he contributed to a large number of London publications, but chiefly to the ‘Mirror of Literature,’ which he edited from 1827 to 1838; the ‘Harlequin,’ which appeared between 11 May and 16 July 1829, and which was stopped by the commissioners of stamps insisting that it should be stamped as a newspaper; the ‘Literary World,’ which he edited during 1839 and 1840; and the ‘Illustrated London News,’ of which he was sub-editor under Dr. [q. v.] from 1842 to 1858. He was also the originator and editor of the ‘Year Book of Science and Art,’ begun in 1839 after he left the ‘Mirror.’

His works, which run to over a hundred and fifty volumes, are compilations of interesting facts gathered from every conceivable quarter, and relating to the most varied subjects. In recognition of his antiquarian labours he was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 1854. He died in considerable poverty in London on 6 March 1875.

He edited ‘Manuals of Utility,’ 1847; the ‘Percy Anecdotes,’ London, 1869–70; and ‘Pepys's Memoirs,’ 1871. His own chief works, all of which were published in London and many ran into several editions, are: ‘A Picturesque Promenade round Dorking,’ 1822. ‘Cameleon Sketches,’ 1828. ‘Knowledge for the People,’ 1831. ‘Popular Errors Explained,’ 1841. ‘Illustrated Year-Book of Wonders,’ 1850; 2nd ser. 1850–1. ‘Wellingtoniana,’ 1852. ‘Curiosities of London,’ 1855. ‘Things not generally known,’ 1856; 2nd ser. 1859. ‘Schooldays of Eminent Men,’ 1858. ‘Painting popularly Explained’ (jointly with Thomas John Gulick), 1859. ‘Anecdote Biography,’ 1860. ‘Stories of Inventors and Discoverers,’ 1860. ‘Something for Everybody,’ 1861. ‘Illustrated Book of Wonders,’ 1862. ‘Anecdote Lives of Wits and Humourists,’ 1862, 2 vols. ‘International Exhibition,’ 1863. ‘Things to be remembered in Daily Life,’ 1863. ‘Knowledge for the Time,’ 1864. ‘Walks and Talks about London,’ 1865. ‘Romance of London,’ 1865, 3 vols. ‘English Eccentrics and Eccentricities,’ 1866. ‘Club Life in London,’ 1866, 2 vols. ‘Strange Stories of the Animal World,’ 1866. ‘Nooks and Corners of English Life,’ 1867. ‘Notable Things of our own Time,’ 1868. ‘Wonderful Inventions,’ 1868. ‘Lady Bountiful's Legacy to her Family,’ 1868. ‘London and Westminster,’ 1868, 2 vols. ‘Eccentricities of the Animal Creation,’ 1869. ‘Historic Ninepins,’ 1869. ‘Ancestral Stories and Traditions of Great Families,’ 1869. ‘Abbeys, Castles, and Ancient Halls of England and Wales,’ 1869, 3 vols. ‘Notabilia,’ 1872. ‘Pleasant Half-hours for the Family Circle,’ 1872. ‘Book of Modern Legal Anecdotes,’ 1873. ‘Doctors and Patients,’ 1873, 2 vols. ‘


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 Parkinson, Robert John Hinman, M.A., B.C.L., Magdalen Coll., Oxon, 1873, J.P. co. Linc., (parts of Lindsey), a student of the Inner Temple 4 Nov., 1870 (then aged 26), called to the bar 7 June, 1873 (eldest son of late Rev. John Posthumous Parkinson, D.C.L., of Ravendale, co. Linc.); born 8 Jan., 1844; married 17 Oct, 1867, Frances, eldest dau. of James Thompson, Esq., of Workington.
 * Ravendale Hall, Great Grimsby; 3, Belmont, Tenby; Oxford and Cambridge Club, S.W.

Parkyns, Thomas Mansfield Forbes, a member of the Midland circuit, undergrad. Brasenose Coll., Oxon, a student of the Inner Temple 16 Nov., 1874 (then aged 21), called to the bar 17 Nov., 1879 (eldest son of Sir Thomas George Augustus Parkyns, Bart.); born 30 April, 1853 (see Foster's Baronetage).
 * 1, Victoria Mansions, Victoria Street, S.W.; 2, Mitre Court Buildings, Temple, E.C.

Parnell, Henry Tudor, B.A., Trin. Coll., Camb., 1873, a student of Lincoln's Inn 23 Jan., 1872 (then aged 21), called to the bar 30 April, 1875 (5th son of John Henry Parnell, Esq., late of Avondale, co. Wicklow, dec.); born Dec., 1850; married 21 Oct., 1882, Penelope Jane, youngest dau. of late Rev. Thomas Luby, D.D., and has issue (see Foster's Peerage, ).

Parnell, Hugh, M.A., St. John's Coll., Camb., 1845, a student of the Inner Temple 28 Oct., 1842 (then aged 23), called to the bar 21 Nov., 1845 (eldest son of late Hugh Parnell, of London, solicitor); born, 1819.
 * 3, New Square, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.

Parnell, John, M.A., St Peter's Coll., Camb., 1850, J.P. Essex, a student of the Inner Temple 12 April, 1847 (then aged 21), called to the bar 3 May, 1850 (2nd son of late Hugh Parnell, of London, solicitor); born, 1826.
 * The Grange, Waltham Abbey; 3, Garden Court, Temple, E.C.

Parnell, Thomas Parnell, B.A. Christ Church, Oxon, assumed the name of Parnell in lieu of his patronymic, a member of the Western circuit, a student of the Inner Temple 21 Nov., 1877 (then aged 21), called to the bar 6 June, 1883 (eldest son of John Griffin, gent., of Portbury House, Somerset); born, 1856.
 * Portbury House, Ken, Yatton, Somerset.

Parnell, Hon. Victor Alexander Lionel Dawson, B.A., Christ Church, Oxon, 1877, a student of Lincoln's Inn 8 June, 1874 (then aged 21), called to the bar 17 Nov., 1877 (6th son of Henry William, 3rd Lord Congleton); born 25 Aug., 1852 (see Foster's Peerage).
 * 12, Old Square, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.

Parr, Cecil Francis, B.A. Exeter Coll., Oxon, a member of the Northern circuit, a student of the Inner Temple 28 Jan., 1871 (then aged 23), called to the bar 17 Nov., 1874 (6th son of Thomas Parr, of Warrington, co. Lanc.); born 2 Aug., 1847.
 * Warrington; 1, Harcourt Buildings, Temple, E.C.

Parr, Robert, B.A. Balliol Coll., Oxon, a student of the Inner Temple 21 April, 1879 (then aged 26), called to the bar 26 Jan., 1883 (eldest son of Robert Parr, of Market Deeping, co. Linc.); born 14 Jan., 1853; married 25 March, 1884, Betsey, 7th dau. of William Tasker, of Partney, co. Linc.
 * 18, Ruvigny Gardens, Putney; 8, Fig Tree Court, Temple, E.C.

Parry, Edward Abbott, a student of the Middle Temple 18 Jan., 1882, first class common law scholar, called to the bar 26 Jan., 1885 (2nd son of John Humphreys Parry, late of London, bar.-at-law, dec.); born,,.
 * 6, Park Road, Wimbledon.

Parsons, Charles, M.A. Magdalen Coll., Oxon, matric. London Univ. 1869, fellow of Univ. Coll., London, from Lewes Grammar School, a member of the South-eastern circuit, a student of Lincoln's Inn 10 Jan., 1878 (then aged 25), called to the bar 11 May, 1881 (only son of Charles Parsons, of Lewes); born 21 Feb., 1852.
 * 7, King's Bench Walk, Temple, E.C.

Parsons, Henry James, district and session judge Thana, late assistant judge Ahmedabad, India, J.P. Bombay, undergrad. Lincoln Coll., Oxon, a student of Lincoln's Inn 8 Nov., 1865 (then aged 20), called to the bar 25 April, 1877 (eldest son of John Parsons, of Bridgwater, Somerset, F.R.C.S.); born, 1845.
 * Thana, Bombay.

Parsons, James, M.A. New Coll., Oxon, B.A. 1872, a member of the Northern circuit, a student of the Inner Temple 8 Jan., 1874 (then aged 23), called to the bar 17 Nov., 1876 (only son of Rev. George Ludowig Parsons, late vicar of Kirkham, co. Lanc., dee); born, 1851.
 * 13, Devonshire Terrace, Hyde Park, W.; 3, King's Bench Walk, Temple, E.C.

Parsons, James Edmund Bacon, col. Bengal staff corps, deputy commissioner Jhelum, deputy commissioner, civil judge, and revenue collector of Gujrat, a student of Gray's Inn 24 Jan., 1863, called to the bar 17 Nov., 1863 (eldest surviving son of Genl. Parsons, Bengal staff corps); born 9 Nov., 1830.
 * Jhelum, Punjab, India.

Parsons, James Ramsay, M.A. St. John's Coll., Oxon, a member of the Northern circuit, a student of the Inner Temple 8 Jan., 1875 (then aged 21), called to the bar 7 May, 1879 (only son of John Parsons, Esq., of East Grinstead, Sussex); born 11 Oct, 1853; married 16 Aug., 1882, Blanche Eva, youngest dau. of J. A. Russell, Esq., of Yeaton, Lymington, Hants.
 * Twyford Lodge, East Grinstead; 1, Pump Court, Temple, E.C.; Devonshire Club, S.W.

Part, Charles Thomas, M.A., Trin. Coll., Camb., 1874, a member of the Northern circuit, a student of the Inner Temple 27 Jan., 1868 (then aged 20), called to the bar 6 June, 1871 (eldest son of Thomas Part, of Astley Hall, Chorley, co. Lanc.); born, 1848; married 28 Aug., 1873, Isabella Ann, youngest dau. of late Alexander Mackintosh, of Mackintosh, chief of the Clan Chattan.
 * 3, (North) King's Bench Walk, Temple, E.C.

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  Lives of Later Wits and Humourists,’ 1874, 2 vols. ‘Anecdotes about Authors and Artists,’ 1886.

TIMPERLEY, CHARLES H. (1794–1846?), writer on typography, was born at Manchester in 1794, and was educated at the free grammar school. In March 1810 he enlisted in the 33rd regiment of foot, was wounded at Waterloo, and received his discharge on 28 Nov. 1815. He resumed his apprenticeship to an engraver and copperplate printer, and in 1821 became a letterpress printer by indenture to Messrs. Dicey & Smithson, proprietors of the ‘Northampton Mercury.’ About 1829 he worked with that firm at the same time as [q. v.] In April 1828 he gave two lectures on the art of printing before the Warwick and Leamington Literary Institution. He became foreman to T. Kirk of Nottingham, and editor of the ‘Nottingham Wreath.’ He married a widow of that town. In 1833 he produced ‘Songs of the Press and other Poems relating to the art of Printing, original and selected; also Epitaphs, Epigrams, Anecdotes, Notices of early Printing and Printers,’ London, small 8vo, of which an enlarged edition of the poetical portion appeared in 1845. It is still the best collection of printers' songs in English; some of the verse is by Timperley himself. In 1838 he published ‘The Printers' Manual, containing Instructions to Learners, with Scales of Impositions and numerous Calculations, Recipes, and Scales of Prices in the principal Towns of Great Britain, together with practical Directions for conducting every Department of a Printing Office,’ London, large 8vo. This was followed by ‘A Dictionary of Printers and Printing, with the Progress of Literature, ancient and modern, Bibliographical Illustrations,’ London, 1839, large 8vo. The remainder of the stock of these works was purchased by H. G. Bohn, who issued the two together, with twelve pages of additions, under the title of ‘Encyclopædia of Literary and Typographical Anecdote, being a Chronological Digest of the most interesting Facts illustrative of the History of Literature and Printing from the earliest period to the present time,’ 2nd edit. London, 1842, large 8vo. This useful compilation, which is chiefly devoted to English printers and booksellers, has been frequently referred to in this Dictionary. Timperley also wrote ‘Annals of Manchester, biographical, historical, ecclesiastical, and commercial, from the earliest period,’ Manchester, 1839, small 8vo. Towards the end of his life he had charge of a bookseller's shop owned by Bancks & Co. of Manchester, whose name is on the title-page of his ‘Printers' Manual.’ The business was not successful, and Timperley accepted a literary engagement with Fisher & Jackson, publishers, of London, and died in their service about 1846. He helped to edit the Rev. George Newenham Wright's ‘Gallery of Engravings’ [1845, &c.], 2 vols. 4to.

 TINDAL, MATTHEW (1657–1733), deist, baptised at Bere-Ferris, Devonshire, 12 May 1657, was son of John Tindal, appointed under the Commonwealth minister of Bere-Ferris, by his wife Anna Hulse. He was educated at a country school, entered (1673) Lincoln College, Oxford, where he was a pupil of [q. v.], and thence migrated to Exeter College. He graduated B.A. on 17 Oct. 1676, B.C.L. 1679, and D.C.L. 1685. He was elected to a law fellowship at All Souls' in 1678. In the reign of James II he became for a time a catholic. According to his own account he had been brought up in high-church principles, and the ‘Roman emissaries,’ who were busy at the time, convinced him that upon those principles there was no logical defence for the Anglican schism. On ‘going into the world,’ however, he was impressed by the denunciations of priestcraft in favour with the opposite party, and became alive to the ‘absurdities of popery.’ The last time that he saw any ‘popish tricks’ was at Candlemas in 1687–8, and on the next opportunity, 15 April 1688, he publicly received the sacrament in his college chapel. His enemies accused him of venal motives, and it was said by his successful rival that he had hoped to obtain the wardenship of All Souls' from James II.

Tindal was admitted as an advocate at Doctors' Commons on 13 Nov. 1685 (, Civilians, p. 102), and after the Revolution was consulted by ministers upon some questions of international law. He was on a commission to consider the case of an Italian count accused of murder, who denied the competence of English courts to try him. He gave an opinion in 1693 that certain prisoners could be tried for piracy although they pleaded that they were acting under a


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 to resist them, and their agents, that he has to resist any other trespassers.

VII.

It is plain, then, that on general principles of law and reason—such principles as we all act upon in courts of justice and in common life—the Constitution is no contract; that it binds nobody, and never did bind anybody; and that all those who pretend to act by its authority, are really acting without any legitimate authority at all; that, on general principles of law and reason, they are mere usurpers, and that everybody not only has the right, but is morally bound, to treat them as such.

If the people of this country wish to maintain such a government as the Constitution describes, there is no reason in the world why they should not sign the instrument itself, and thus make known their wishes in an open, authentic manner; in such manner as the common sense and experience of mankind have shown to be reasonable and necessary in such cases; and in such manner as to make themselves (as they ought to do) individually responsible for the acts of the government. But the people have never been asked to sign it. And the only reason why they have never been asked to sign it, has been that it has been known that they never would sign it; that they were neither such fools nor knaves as they must needs have been to be willing to sign it; that (at least as it has been practically interpreted) it is not what any sensible and honest man wants for himself; nor such as he has any right to impose upon others. It is, to all moral intents and purposes, as destitute of obligation as the compacts which robbers and thieves and pirates enter into with each other, but never sign.

If any considerable number of the people believe the Constitution to be good, why do they not sign it themselves, and make laws for, and administer them upon, each other; leaving all

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