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Penda Well, and Allington, for which place he procured a grant of a weekly market and fair in 1280, and in 1281 had license to build and fortify a castle there (, ii. 129, 182, iv. 3; cf. for his other estates Cal. Inq. post mortem, i. 233).

Stephen married twice. His first wife, whom he married not later than 1259, was Rohese of Baseville, the younger daughter and coheiress of Hawise de Baseville, a tenant-in-chief of the crown (Cal. Genealogicum, p. 141; cf. Excerpta e Rot. Finium, ii. 510). Before 1283 Stephen had married a second wife, Margaret (d. 1308?), said to have been the daughter of John de Burgh, the grandson of the famous justiciar Hubert de Burgh [q. v.], and the widow of Robert de Orreby. It is pretty clear that Hasted is wrong in making Orreby Margaret's second husband (, Judges of England, iii. 138). Stephen left two daughters, his coheiresses. Of these Joan, the eldest (b. 1269), was the wife of Henry of Cobham of Rundall in Shorn. The younger, Alice (b. 1269), was the widow of John de Columbers (, i. 509, ii. 129, 183, 573).

[Rymer's Fœdera, Record ed. vol. i.; Rot. Parl. vol. i.; Cal. of Close and Patent Rolls; Cal. Inquisitionum post mortem; Pell Records; Rotulorum Originalium Abbreviatio; Calendarium Genealogicum; Excerpta e Rot. Finium; Peckham's Letters, Chron. of Edward I and Edward II, both in Rolls Ser.; Hasted's Kent; Foss's Judges of England, iii. 138–9; Foss's Biographia Juridica, p. 509.]

PENDA (577?–655), king of the Mercians, called Pantha by Nennius, son of Wibba, or Pybba, with a descent traced from Woden, came to the throne in 626, being then in his fiftieth year (A.-S. Chron. an. 626; an. 627). Until the end of the sixth century the Mercian people had no existence separate from other Anglian tribes, and the beginning of their rise may perhaps be dated from the reign of Crida, probably the father and predecessor of Wibba, who is supposed to have been the first king, and whose death is placed in 593 (, ii. cc. 26, 27, 31). It seems probable that this Crida, or Creoda, was the same as Cearl, and that he was the father of Coenburh, or Quenburga, the wife of Edwin or Eadwine [q. v.], king of the Northumbrians, though Henry of Huntingdon makes Cearl succeed Wibba, and thus reign to the prejudice of Penda, his kinsman (comp. ib. c. 27, followed by, Making of England, pp. 265–6, with , Genealogies, and A.-S. Chron. u.s.). Whatever Crida may have accomplished, however, it is certain that the Mercians owed their rise from a mere tribe to a powerful people to the work of Penda, who is therefore described by Welsh tradition as having separated their kingdom from the kingdom of the Northumbrians (, p. 55), and whose vigour earned him a popular epithet, translated by the Latin ‘strenuus.’ It is probable that the conversion of Eadwine helped him in his plans for shaking off the Northumbrian supremacy over his people, and establishing a rival power south of the Humber, and that it fixed the character of his policy. He became the champion of heathenism against Christianity, and used the strife of religions to forward his political designs. The nucleus of his power lay about the Trent; it extended southwards probably to Watling Street, was on the west bounded indefinitely by the Welsh, and was closed in on the south-west by the forest of Arden. It was in this last direction that he seems to have made his first attempt at extension. In 628 he invaded the dominions of the West-Saxon kings Cynegils [q. v.] and his son Cwichelm [q. v.] Enfeebled by domestic feuds and by the late invasion of Eadwine of Northumbria, the West-Saxons were unable to stand against him. He defeated them at Cirencester in the land of the Hwiccas, and there made a peace with them, by which it is probable that all the Hwiccan territory from the forest of Arden to the river Avon became part of the Mercian realm ; and then, too, it may be that Cenwalh [q. v.], a son of Cynegils, married Penda's sister. Having thus vastly increased his power, he determined to strike at Northumbria, and, not being strong enough to attack Eadwine single-handed, made alliance with Cædwalla (d. 634) [q. v.], king of Gwynedd, who had his own quarrel with Eadwine to avenge. In 633 he and his Welsh ally invaded Northumbria, and on 12 Oct. defeated and slew Eadwine at Heathfield, probably Hatfield Chase [see under ]. He does not seem to have followed up this victory, leaving his ally to overrun Deira, and he gave shelter to Eadfrith, one of Eadwine's sons by his own kinswoman Coenburh (, Historia Ecclesiastica, ii. c. 20).

The greatness of Oswald [q. v.], king of Northumbria, evidently curtailed his power; he probably in some way owned Oswald's supremacy (ib. ii. c. 5, iii. c. 6), and, in order to please him, perjured himself by slaying his guest Eadfrith, who might have laid claim to the Northumbrian kingship. About this time he was pressing on the East-Angles, and is said, perhaps untruly, to have caused the death of their king, Earpwald (, ii. c. 31), who was actually slain by a heathen warrior


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60 regarded rather as a suffix, forming derivative adjectives; one of the oblique cases of these adjectives was next often employed in an adverbial sense; and the use of the suffix in its extended form and with its modified application grew in importance and frequency, until finally it threw quite into the shade and supplanted the adjective use—and the independent adjective had become a mere adverbial ending. The mutilation of its form went hand in hand with this obliviousness of its origin and with its transferral to a new office; each helped on the other.

Another Germanic suffix, ship, as in friendship, worship, lordship, is distinctly traceable to its origin in the independent word shape; and its transition of meaning, from 'form' to 'aspect, condition, status, rank,' though perhaps less obvious than those which we have already noted, is evidently a natural and easy one.

A case of somewhat greater difficulty is presented us in such forms as I loved. Here the final d is, as we say, the sign of the preterit tense, added to the root love in order to adapt it to the expression of past time; and, from the evidence presented in our own language, no suspicion of its derivation from an independent word would ever cross our minds. Nor does the Anglo-Saxon, nor any other of the Germanic dialects of the same period, cast any light upon its origin. Since, however, such a sign of past time is one of the distinctive features of the Germanic group of languages, and is found nowhere else in the greater family to which these belong, we cannot help assuming that it has grown up in them since their separation from the rest of the family; just as the adverbial suffix ly, which is peculiar to our own tongue, has grown up in it since its separation from the other Germanic tongues. It is therefore a form of comparatively modern introduction, and we might hope to trace out its genesis. This is, in fact, disclosed to us by the Mœso-Gothic, the most ancient Germanic dialect, which stands toward the rest in somewhat the same relation as the Anglo-Saxon to the English; in its primitive and uncorrupted forms we see clearly that the preterits in question are made by appending to the root of the verb the past

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Penda named Ricbert. This may have been at Penda's suggestion, especially as Earpwald's death caused the lapse of East-Anglia into heathenism (, u.s. ii. c. 15); but there is not sufficient authority for certainly ascribing the deed to him. He utterly routed the East-Saxons, slew their kings Sigebert and Ecgric in battle, and reduced their land to dependence, their next king, Anna, Sigebert's brother, reigning as his under-king. Oswald must have seen with displeasure this extension of Penda's power, and was perhaps the first to begin the war of 642. Penda defeated and slew him on 5 Aug. in a battle at a place called Maserfelth by Bede, and by the continuator of Nennius Cocboy, and believed to be Oswestry in Shropshire [see under ]. This defeat brought Northumbria very low, and it is possible that Penda may have caused the temporary division of the kingdom by forcing Oswy or Oswiu [q. v.] to allow Oswin [q. v.] to reign in Deira. Soon after this Cenwalh, who had become king of the West-Saxons, put away Penda's sister and took another wife. Penda therefore went to war with him, and in 645 drove him from his kingdom and forced him to take refuge at the court of Anna. Nor did he cease from his hostility to Northumbria, which he laid waste far and wide, penetrating at one time as far as Bamborough. He was unable to take the city, and endeavoured to destroy it by fire. It was on this occasion that Aidan [q. v.] appealed to God against the ill that Penda was doing, and the city was delivered. Some years later, after Aidan's death, he again wasted Bernicia with fire and sword, burning the village where the bishop had died, with its church, not far from Bamborough (, u.s. iii. cc. 16, 17). In 653 he made his eldest son, Peada [q. v.], ealdorman or under-king of the Middle-Angles, and when Peada became a Christian and brought missionaries into his kingdom, the old king, whose opposition to Christianity was apparently rather a matter of policy than of religious zeal, did not prevent them from preaching in his dominions; for the people he specially hated were Christians who were unfaithful to their profession, and he declared that they who thought scorn of obeying their God were despicable wretches (ib. c. 21). Probably in 654 Anna attempted to shake off the Mercian yoke, and was slain and his army utterly defeated, so that scarcely one of his men was left (, ii. c. 33). This war with the East-Angles probably caused a renewal of strife with Northumbria. Oswy in vain tried to buy off Penda, who seems again to have formed an alliance with the Welsh. Penda again invaded his land, and, wearied with the ever-increasing demands of the enemy, Oswy at last dared to meet him in battle near the river Winwaed, and there defeated and slew him on 15 Nov. 655 [see under ]. Henry of Huntingdon, who preserves in the form of Latin hexameters some popular lines telling how, on the insurrection of Anna, Penda came upon East-Anglia like a wolf on the fold, also records a literal translation of an old verse saying that ‘in the river Winwaed is avenged the slaughter of Anna, the slaughter of the kings Sigebert and Ecgric, the slaughter of the kings Oswald and Edwin’ (ib. c. 34).

Penda's queen was Cynwise or Cyneswitha, by whom he had five sons—Peada [q. v.], Wulfhere [q. v.], Æthelred, Merewald [see under and ], and Mercelm—and two daughters, Cyneburh or Ciniburga, who married Alchfrith or Alchfrid [q. v.], son of Oswy; and Cyneswitha. Penda is also credited with a daughter Wiliburh or Wilburga, wife of an under-king named Frithewald, said to have been the father of St. Osyth [q. v.], besides a bastard son named Osward.

[Bede's Eccl. Hist.; Flor. Wig. (both Engl. Hist. Soc.); A.-S. Chron.; Henry of Huntingdon; William of Malmesbury's Gesta Regum (all in Rolls Ser.); Green's Making of England; Skene's Celtic Scotland, vol. i.; Dict. Chr. Biogr. vol. iv., by Bishop Stubbs.]

PENDARVES, JOHN (1622–1656), puritan controversialist, son of John Pendarves of Crowan in Cornwall, was born at Skewes in that parish in 1622. His father, though connected with the opulent family of Pendarves, was himself poor, and the youth was admitted a servitor of Exeter College, Oxford, on 11 Dec. 1637, when 2l. was paid for his benefit as ‘pauper scholaris’ to the Rev. Robert Snow, the college chaplain. He matriculated on 9 Feb. 1637–8, on the same day as his elder brother, Ralph Pendarves, and, ‘by the benefit of a good tutor, became a tolerable disputant.’ He graduated B.A. on 3 March 1641–2, and took his name off the college books on 14 July 1642. Antony à Wood bitterly says that after this event he ‘sided with the rout, and, by a voluble tongue having obtained the way of canting, went up and down (unsent for), preaching in houses, barns, under trees, hedges, &c.’ For a time he was the parish lecturer of Wantage in Berkshire, but after several changes he became the anabaptist minister at Abingdon, where he obtained ‘a numerous multitude of disciples, made himself head of them, and defied all authority.’ His love of disputation


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II.] tense of another verb, namely did, from to do. We tamed is in Mœso-Gothic tamidêdum, which means not less evidently tame-did-we than the Anglo-Saxon sôthlîce, 'soothly, truly,' means 'in a sooth-like (truth-like) way.' I loved is, then, originally I love did, that is, I did love—as, unconsciously repeating in another way the same old act of composition, we now almost as often say. The history of the suffix has been quite like that of the ly of truly, save that it happened longer ago, and is therefore more difficult to read.

All our illustrations hitherto have been taken from the Germanic part of our language, and they have all been forms which are peculiar to the Germanic dialects, and which we have therefore, as already remarked, every reason to believe of later date than the separation of that group of dialects from the other tongues with which it stands related. Yet, with the exception of the adverbial application of the suffix ly, they are all anterior to the time at which we first make acquaintance with any Germanic tongue in contemporary records. Our confidence in the reality of our etymological analysis, and in the justness of the inferences drawn from it, is not on that account any the less: we feel as sure that the words in question were made by putting together the two parts into which each is still resolvable as if the whole process of composition had gone on under our own observation. If this were not so, if our conclusions respecting the growth of language were to be limited by the possession of strict documentary evidence, our researches in linguistic history would be stopped almost at the outset. Few languages have any considerable portion of their development illustrated by contemporary records; literature is wont, at the best, to cast light upon certain distinct epochs in the history of a dialect, leaving in obscurity the intervening periods, nor do we ever, by such help, reach a point at all nearly approaching that of the actual origin of speech. Hence the necessity resting upon the etymologist of interrogating the material of language itself, of making words yield up, on examination, their own history. He applies the analogy of processes of change and development which are actually going on in language to explain the earlier results of the


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Pendarves prompted him to challenge some clergymen of the established church to a public debate, and at last Jasper Mayne [q. v.] undertook to meet him. The debate took place in the church of Watlington, Oxfordshire, when there ‘were present innumerable people on each side.’ Pendarves, says Wood, was ‘back'd with a great party of anabaptists and the scum of the people, who behaved themselves very rude and insolent,’ and the discussion ended, as is usual in such cases, without any definite result. The eighth article brought against Edward Pocock, when he was cited in 1655 to appear before the commissioners for ejecting ignorant and scandalous ministers, was that he had refused to allow Pendarves to preach in his pulpit at Childrey (, Life, 1816 edit. p. 159). He was a fifth-monarchy man, and his love of disputation was inveterate. It is not necessary to accept the opinion of Wood that Pendarves worked for ‘no other end but to gain wealth and make himself famous to posterity.’

In 1656 Pendarves issued a volume called ‘Arrowes against Babylon,’ in which he endeavoured to lay bare the mystery of iniquity by attacking the churches of Rome and England, attempted to reform the apparel of the saints, and addressed certain queries to the quakers, accusing them of concealing their beliefs, and of contemning christian pastors, yet preaching themselves. The first part of this treatise was answered by the Rev. William Ley of Wantage, the Rev. John Tickell, and the Rev. Christopher Fowler of St. Mary's, Reading. The quakers were championed by James Naylor and Denys Hollister. In the same year Pendarves joined four other dissenting ministers in preparing an address to their congregations, entitled ‘Sighs for Sion,’ and with Christopher Feake he composed prefaces for an anonymous pamphlet on ‘The Prophets Malachy and Isaiah prophecying.’

At the beginning of September 1656 Pendarves died in London, changing ‘his many quarrels here for everlasting peace.’ After some hot debate the body, ‘embowell'd and wrap'd up in sear-cloth by the care of the brethren,’ was carried by water to Abingdon in a chest like those for sugar, fil'd up with sand and lodged at a grocer's.’ It arrived there on Saturday, 27 Sept., and three days later was conveyed to a piece of ground ‘at the Townes West-end and in the Axestreet’ which had been purchased as a burial-place for his congregation. Crowds came from neighbouring villages, and spent the preceding and succeeding days in religious exercises; but on 2 Oct. Major-general Bridges sent fifty horse soldiers from Wallingford to dissolve the meetings (Munster and Abingdon, by W. Hughes of Hinton, Berkshire; State Papers, 1656–7, p. 130).

A sermon which Pendarves had preached ‘in Petty France, London, the tenth day of the sixth month anno 1656,’ was published after his death by John Cox.

[Boase's Exeter College Commoners, p. 247; Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (ed. Bliss), iii. 419–21; Wood's Fasti, pt. ii. pp. 3, 109; Foster's Alumni Oxon.; Boase and Courtney's Bibl. Cornub. ii. 444–5; Brook's Puritans, iii. 256–7.]

PENDEREL, RICHARD (d. 1672), one of five brothers who were primarily instrumental in the escape of Charles II after the battle of Worcester in 1651, was the son (reputedly the eldest) of William Penderel and Joan his wife. He was born on the Shropshire border of Staffordshire, with which county his family had been connected as early, at all events, as the time of Queen Elizabeth. His father was under-steward of the estate of the old knightly family of the Giffards of Chillington, and it was in that capacity that he occupied Boscobel House, which had been built by the Giffards about 1580, partly as a hunting lodge and partly as an asylum for recusant priests. For the latter purpose its situation in the thickest part of the forest of Brewood, and the numerous secret chambers with which it was honeycombed, eminently fitted it. It has often been stated that Richard Penderel and his brothers were ‘poor peasants’ and ‘ignorant wood-cutters.’ As a matter of fact they were substantial yeomen, as their wills at Somerset House and other documents executed by them sufficiently prove; and there were, moreover, relationships, in what precise degree is unascertained, between them and the Giffards, as well as with Father William Ireland [q. v.] At the time of the battle of Worcester (3 Sept. 1651) Richard Penderel was the tenant under a lease for lives (see his Will, Prerogative Court of Canterbury, 1672) of Hobbal Grange in the parish of Tong in the county of Salop, while his brother William was the tenant of Boscobel itself; and another brother Humphrey occupied the picturesque half-timbered house, called Whiteladies, adjoining the ruins of the Cistercian priory of that name lying about half a mile on the Shropshire side of Boscobel. While spurring away from Worcester field on the night of 3 Sept. 1651, the king was advised by James Stanley, seventh earl of Derby [q. v.], to entrust himself to the care of the Penderels, by whom he had, not long before, himself been concealed at  Rh


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Penderel at Boscobel. The king and his party reached Whiteladies in the dawn of the following morning. There he changed his clothes, and Richard Penderel concealed him for the rest of the day in the thickest part of Boscobel wood. At night the king completed his disguise in Richard's house of Hobbal Grange, and under his guidance made an unsuccessful attempt to pass the Severn into Wales. Returning to Boscobel, he was concealed, sometimes in the Royal Oak, and sometimes in the secret chambers of Boscobel House, until Richard and Humphrey, with their brothers William, John, and George, were able to conduct him on 9 Sept. to his next hiding-place at Moseley Court, near Wolverhampton, the seat of Mr. Whitgreave [see ].

At the Restoration the faithful brothers were not forgotten. They joined the procession of royalists through the streets of London on 29 May 1660. Charles loaded them with benefits, made them, it is believed, gentlemen of coat armour (but of this there is no record at the College of Arms), and commanded that they should attend at court once a year. Upon each of the brothers a pension, payable to them and their heirs ‘for ever,’ was settled by letters patent under the great seal, the amount of Richard's pension being 100l. per annum. When at court Richard Penderel, who had been presented by the king with a ring which is still possessed by the family, resided in the house of Henry Arundell in the Great Turnstile, Lincoln's Inn Fields (it was demolished in 1883). There, in February 1671–2, he fell ill of a fever, and died on the 8th of that month. He was buried in the churchyard of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, beneath an altar-tomb, still standing, which bears a eulogistic epitaph. The tomb was ‘repaired and beautified’ by order of George II in 1739. His will, made on the day of his death, describes him as of ‘Hobbal Grange, Gentleman,’ and shows him to have been a man of substance. He was survived by his wife Mary (her surname is unknown), who lived until 1689, and eight children, four sons and four daughters. William Penderel, his next brother, succeeded his father in the occupation of Boscobel House, and also received a pension of 100l. per annum. He died in 1706, aged over eighty-four. Each of the five brothers left posterity.

Richard Penderel di Boscobello (1679–1732), only son of Edmund Penderel, the son of Humphrey of Whiteladies, and great-nephew of Richard, had Queen Catherine of Braganza for godmother, and served part of his novitiate in the Society of Jesus at the English College in Rome. He was released from his vows, and became a secret agent of the exiled Stuarts. He was exempted by name, with the rest of his family, from the penal laws against the catholics (Orders in Council of 17 Jan. 1678–9, 25 July 1708, and 6 April 1716), a circumstance which enabled him to conspire in England with comparative safety. He appears to have lived chiefly in Italy, and was created by Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia Marquis Penderel di Boscobel or di Boscobello, a title which still exists.

There are several engraved portraits of Richard Penderel and his brother William. Zoust painted a portrait of Richard, which was formerly in the Jennens collection, and was engraved in mezzotint by Houston. The extant portraits of William all represent him at the age of eighty-four (cf., Catalogue).

[The Boscobel Tracts, edited by J. Hughes, 1857; Foley's Records of the English Province of the Society of Jesus, passim; Un Agent des Stuarts (Richard Penderel di Boscobel) par Charles Sebastiani, Paris, n.d.; L'Intermédiaire des Chercheurs et Curieux, xxviii. 193; Wills in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury; Records of the Privy Council; family papers; see also .]  PENDERGRASS, THOMAS (d. 1709). [See .]

PENDLEBURY, HENRY (1626–1695), dissenting divine, born at Jowkin in the parish of Bury, Lancashire, on 6 May 1626, was son of Henry Pendlebury of Bury. The Pendleburys were a family long settled at West Houghton (see, Local Gleanings, ii. 632, 740). From Bury grammar school Henry passed to Christ's College, Cambridge, on 1 May 1645, where he became a sizar, and graduated B.A. on 26 April 1648, finally proceeding M.A. Taking holy orders, he was made minister at Ashworth, near Middleton, in 1648. In the following January he preached before the Bury classis, and was approved. In the Commonwealth church survey of 1650 he is noted as ‘lately minister at Ashworth, but hath ceased to officiate for want of maintenance’ (Lanc. and Cheshire Record Soc. Publ. i. 26).

Before July 1650 he had contracted ‘a clandestine and irregular marriage’ with Sarah Smith. But, after inquiry into the matter, the classis was satisfied (September 1650), and ordered him to be ordained at Turton, on 23 Oct. 1650, to Horwich chapel in Dean parish (ib. i. 32). Towards the end of the year (16 Oct. 1651, according to


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 Hall,' by Acton Bell, 1848. 5. 'Shirley,' 1849. 6. A new edition of 'Wuthering Heights' and 'Agnes Grey,' with 'Selections from the literary remains of Ellis and Acton Bell,' a biographical notice of Ellis and Acton Bell by Currer Bell, and prefaces to 'Wuthering Heights' and the 'Selections' of poetry). 7. 'Villette,' 1853. 8. 'Emma' (a fragment) in the 'Cornhill Magazine' for April 1860. All these are comprised, together with Mrs. Gaskell's 'Life,' in the collective edition in 7 vols. published in 1872 ; as is also Patrick Brontë's 'Cottage Poems.' Illustrations of the places described are also given.

[Mrs. Gaskell's Life of Charlotte Brontë, 1857 (suppressions and additions in later editions) ; Charlotte Brontë, a monograph, by T. Wemyss Reid, 1877, containing letters to Miss Nussey, some of which had appeared in 'Hours at Home' (New York) for June 1870 ; Emily Brontë, by A. Mary F. Robinson ('Eminent Women' ser.), with information from Miss Nussey and others ; Grundy's Pictures of the Past, pp. 73-93, 1879 ; Mirror, 28 Dec. 1872 (article by 'January Searle,' G. F. Phillips), a few notices of Branwell Brontë ; biographical notices by Charlotte Brontë, as above ; Miss Martineau's Biographical Sketches (from the Daily News); The Brontë Family, with special reference to Patrick Branwell Brontë, by Francis A. Leyland, 1886.]  BROOK. [See also and .]

 BROOK, ABRAHAM (fl. 1789), physicist, was a bookseller of Norwich. He published at Norwich in 1789 a quarto volume of 'Miscellaneous Experiments and Remarks on Electricity, the Air Pump, and the Barometer, with a description of an Electrometer of a new construction.' The work was translated into German and published at Leipzig in 1790. A paper by him, 'Of a new Electrometer,' appeared in the 'Philosophical Transactions' (abridg. xv. 308), 1782. Testimony to Brook's scientific ability will be found in the same volume (p. 702) in an article by Wm. Morgan on electrical experiments : 'I cannot conclude this paper,' he says, 'without acknowledging my obligations 'to the ingenious Mr. Brook of Norwich, who, by communicating to me his method of boiling mercury, has been the chief cause of my success in these experiments.'

 BROOK, BASIL (1576–1646?), royalist, eldest son of John Brook of Madeley, Shropshire, and Anne, eldest daughter of Francis Shirley of Staunton Harold, was born in 1576, and was knighted at Highgate on 1 May 1604. In 1615 he was one of the farmers of the ironworks in Forest of Dean, and shortly afterwards mention occurs of his manufacturing steel under a patent to Elliot and Meysey. This steel, it appears, was worthless; and on 2 July 1619 an order was made directing proceedings to be taken for revoking the patent. In 1624 Dr. William Bishop, bishop of Chalcedon died in Sir Basil Brook's house at Bishop's Court, near London. Anthony à Wood says: 'Where that place is, except in the parish of St. Sepulchre, I am yet to seek,' is described as 'a person of great account among the English catholics in the reigns of King James I and King Charles I, and of some interest with those princes.' In 1635 he was very active in supporting the cause of the regular clergy against episcopal government in England. He was treasurer of the contributions made by the English catholics towards defraying the king's charges of the war against Scotland. On 27 Jan. 1640-1 the House of Commons made an order requiring Brook and other royalists forthwith to attend the house. He, however, prudently withdrew from London, but he was apprehended at York a year later (January 1641-2). An order was made by the house in August 1642 for removing him from the custody of the serjeant to the king's bench.

Being subsequently implicated in an alleged plot to make divisions between the parliament and the city, and to prevent the advance of the Scots army into England, he was committed close prisoner to the Tower by the House of Commons on 6 Jan. 1643-4. On 6 May 1645 an order was made by the house that Brook should be removed to the king's bench, there to remain a prisoner to the parliament until the first debts by action charged upon him should be satisfied. He was apparently living in July 1646, for in certain articles of peace then framed he is named as one of the papists who, having been in arms against the parliament, were to be proceeded with and their estates disposed of as both houses should determine, and were to be incapable of the royal pardon without the consent of both houses.

Brook married Etheldreda, daughter of Sir Edmund Brudenell, knight. Sir Roger Twysden mentions him as 'a very good, trewe, and worthy person' (Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. iv. 103), and Dodd says he was 'handsome and comely.'

He published, with a dedication to Queen Henrietta Maria, 'Entertainments for Lent, written in French by the Rev. F. N. Causin, S.J., and translated into English by Sir B. B.' Lond. 1672, 12mo; Liverpool, 1755, 8vo.


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 plan for the management of a school is curious).  ‘Two Books more exact and judicious for the Entring of Children to Spell and Read English than were ever yet extant, viz. An English Syllabary, and An English Monosyllabary, &c.,’ 1654, 16mo (the second book is simply No. 4, not reprinted; there is a reissue with new title-page as ‘The Compleat School-Master,’ 1660).  ‘Orthographia, hoc est, Grammatices Nostræ Regiæ Latinæ Pars prima … Cui adjungitur Grammatices ejusdem … Synopsis,’ 1657, 16mo.  ‘A Breviate of our Kings whole Latin Grammar, vulgarly called Lillies,’ n.d. (dedication dated 4 July 1660).  ‘The Well-tun’d Organ; or an exercitation wherein this question is discuss’d, whether or no instrumental and organick musick be lawful in holy publick assemblies,’ 1660, 4to (Bodleian catalogue).  ‘Rebels Tried and Cast, in three Sermons, on Rom. xiii. 2, &c.,’ 1661, 12mo . Besides these Brookbank mentions that he had published an Abecedary (before 1651), and in 1650 he had projected a volume, containing the substance of a course of sermons at Wycombe, to be called ‘Nilus Salutaris.’

 BROOKE. [See also and .]  BROOKE, ARTHUR (1772–1843), lieutenant-general, was the third son of Francis Brooke of Colebrooke, co. Fermanagh, and the younger brother of Sir Henry Brooke, who, after representing Fermanagh for many years in the House of Commons, was created a baronet in 1822. He entered the army as an ensign in the 44th regiment in 1792, at the very commencement of the great war, and never left that regiment until the conclusion of the general peace in 1815. He was promoted lieutenant in 1793, and served with the 44th in Lord Moira’s division in Flanders in 1794 and 1795. He was promoted captain in 1795, and served with Sir Ralph Abercromby’s army in the reduction of the West Indies, where his regiment remained till 1798. He was then ‘present through the Egyptian campaign of 1801, and purchased his majority in 1802. He purchased his lieutenant-colonelcy in 1804, and commanded the 44th in garrison in Malta from 1804 to 1812. In 1813 he was promoted colonel, and accompanied Lord William Bentinck to the east coast of Spain. Brooke, as senior colonel, at once took the command of the brigade to which his regiment was assigned, and distinguished himself in every action against Suchet, and particularly at the combat of Ordal. At the conclusion of the war with Napoleon, Brooke was gazetted a C.B., and ordered to march his own and certain other regiments from Lord. William Bentinck's army across the south of France to Bordeaux, in order to embark at that port for an expedition against the United States of America. The whole force embarked consisted of three brigades, commanded by Colonels Brooke, Thornton, and Patterson, and the expedition was under the general command of [q. v.] In the daring action at Bladensberg victory was secured by the flank movement of Brooke’s brigade, which consisted of the 4th regiment, commanded by his brother, Francis Brooke, and his own, the 44th. After burning the Capitol and public buildings of Washington, the expedition re-embarked at St. Benedict and sailed down to the mouth of the Patapsco, where it was arranged that the troops were to land and advance on Baltimore, while the ships’ boats were to force their way up the river to co-operate. In the first skirmish that took place after landing, and before the advance commenced, General Ross was killed. ‘By the fall of our gallant leader,’ says the historian of the expedition, ‘the command now devolved on Colonel Brooke, of the 44th, an officer of decided personal courage, but perhaps better calculated to lead a battalion than to guide an army’ (, p. 96). Brooke determined to carry out his predecessor’s plan, and though it was reported that Baltimore was defended by 20,000 men, he pushed steadily on, and defeated a powerful force of militia on 12 Sept. Baltimore was then at his mercy; but on finding that the sailors could not come up to his assistance he quietly retired after bivouacking on the scene of his victory. The fleet sailed southward, and was joined at sea by the 95th Gordon Highlanders, and by Major-general Sir John Keane, who superseded Brooke, after delivering to him a most eulogistic despatch from the commander-in-chief. At the close of the war Brooke returned to England was rewarded by being made governor of Yarmouth. He was also promoted major-general in 1817. He never again saw service, but was made colonel of the 86th regiment, gazetted a K.C.B. in 1833, and promoted lieutenant-general in 1837. He died on 26 July 1843 at his residence, George Street, Portman Square.


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Pepys and Finelly's ‘Reports of Cases heard and decided in the House of Lords,’ Cooper's ‘Reports of Cases in Chancery decided by Lord Cottenham,’ and in the reports of Mylne and Craig, Craig and Phillips, Phillips, Hall and Twells, and Macnaghten and Gordon. Among his most important decisions were those delivered by him in the Auchterarder case ( and, vi. 646–756), O'Connell's case (ib. xi. 155–426), and in the cases of Tullett v. Armstrong and Scarborough v. Borman ( and , iv. 377–407). His scheme for the reform of chancery is printed in Hardy's ‘Memoirs of Henry, Lord Langdale,’ 1852, ii. 252–6.

He married, on 30 June 1821, Caroline Elizabeth, second daughter of William Wingfield (afterwards Wingfield-Baker), K.C., chief justice of the Brecon circuit, and subsequently a master in chancery, by whom he had fifteen children. He was succeeded in the earldom by his eldest son, Charles Edward, who died unmarried on 18 Feb. 1863, when the family honours devolved upon his next brother, William John, whose eldest son became fourth earl in 1881. His widow survived him many years, and died at Sunninghill, Berkshire, on 7 April 1868, aged 65. Cottenham was descended from John Pepys of Cottenham, Cambridgeshire, a great-uncle of Samuel Pepys the diarist. By the death of his elder brother, Sir William Weller Pepys, on 5 Oct. 1845, the baronetcy conferred upon his father (23 June 1801) devolved upon Cottenham, who also inherited, on 9 Dec. 1849, the baronetcy which had been conferred upon his uncle, Sir Lucas Pepys [q. v.] He was appointed a governor of the Charterhouse on 17 Feb. 1836, and served as treasurer of Lincoln's Inn in 1837. The full-length portrait of Cottenham in his chancellor's robes, by H. P. Briggs, R.A., which was exhibited at the loan collection of national portraits at South Kensington in 1868 (Catalogue, No. 377), was engraved by Thomas Lunton in 1850. His portrait was also painted by Sir George Hayter and C. R. Leslie.

[Besides the authorities cited in the text, the following books among others have been consulted: Lord Campbell's Lives of the Lord Chancellors, 1869, vol. viii.; Walpole's Hist. of England, 1880–6, vols. iii. and iv.; Torrens's Memoirs of William, Viscount Melbourne, 1878, i. 47–8, ii. 170–4, 178, 400; Le Marchant's Memoir of Lord Althorp, 1876, pp. 58–68, 391; Foss's Judges of England, 1864, ix. 239–42; Law Mag. xlvi. 280–8; Law Review, xiv. 353–9; Cussans's Hist. of Hertfordshire, Hundred of Broadwater, 1877, pp. 301, 306; Gent. Mag. 1851, pt. ii. pp. 84–5; Pepys's Genealogy of the Pepys Family, 1887; Times for 2 and 3 Sept. 1841, and 8 May 1851; Doyle's Official Baronage, 1886, i. 464; G. E. C.'s Complete Peerage, 1889, ii. 383; Grad. Cantabr. 1856, p. 297; Lincoln's Inn Registers; Butler's Harrow Lists, 1849, p. 53; Haydn's Book of Dignities, 1890; Official Return of Lists of Members of Parliament, pt. ii. pp. 332, 335, 346, 358; Notes and Queries, 6th ser. viii. 513, 7th ser. vii. 389, 436, 474, viii. 58.]

 PEPYS, HENRY (1783–1860), bishop of Worcester, younger brother of Charles Christopher Pepys, earl of Cottenham [q. v.], was born in Wimpole Street, London, on 18 April 1783. Educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, he graduated B.A. in 1804, and then, migrating as a fellow to St. John's College, proceeded M.A. 1807, B.D. 1814, D.D. 1840.

He was rector of Aspeden, Hertfordshire, from 12 June 1818 to 28 April 1827, and held with it the college living of Moreton, Essex, from 16 Aug. 1822 until 1840. On 3 Feb. 1826 he was appointed a prebendary of Wells, and on 31 March 1827 rector of Westmill, Hertfordshire. In politics he was a liberal. On 27 Jan. 1840 he was, on Lord Melbourne's recommendation, elevated to the bishopric of Sodor and Mann, was concrated at Whitehall on 1 March, arrived at Douglas, Isle of Man, on 27 April, was installed at St. Mary's, Castleton, on 8 May, and left the island on 4 May 1841, on his translation to the see of Worcester.

In the House of Lords, although he voted in favour of the chief liberal measures, he only spoke twice on ecclesiastical questions of small importance. Personally he was very popular, and was conscientious in the discharge of his diocesan duties. He was a generous patron of the triennial festival of the Three Choirs.

He died at Hartlebury Castle, Stourport, Worcestershire, on 13 Nov. 1860.

He married, on 27 Jan. 1824, Maria, third daughter of the Right Hon. John Sullivan, commissioner of the board of control. She died on 17 June 1885, in her ninetieth year, having had four children: (1) Philip Henry Pepys, registrar of the London court of bankruptcy; (2) Herbert George Pepys, honorary canon of Worcester; (3) Maria Louisa Pepys, who married the Rev. Edward Winningion Ingram: and (4) Emily Pepys, who married the Rev. and Hon. William Henry Lyttelton, and died on 12 Sept. 1877.

Pepys published 'The Remains of tha late Lord Viscount Royston, with a Memoir of his Life,' 1838, six charges and two single sermons.


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Pepys

 PEPYS, LUCAS (1742–1830), bart., physician, son of William Pepys, a banker, and his wife Hannah, daughter of Dr. Richard Russell of Brighton, was born in London on 26 May 1742. He was educated at Eton and at Christ Church, Oxford, whence he graduated B.A. on 9 May 1764. He then studied medicine at Edinburgh, and afterwards graduated at Oxford, M.A. on 13 May 1767, M.B. on 30 April 1770, and M.D. on 14 June 1774. Before his M.B. degree he obtained a license to practice from the university of Oxford, took a house in London, and on 10 Feb. 1769 was elected physician to the Middlesex Hospital, and held office for seven years. In the summer he used to practise at Brighton. He was elected a fellow of the College of Physicians on 30 Sept. 1775, was censor in 1777, 1782, 1786, and 1796, treasurer from 1788 to 1798, and president from 1804 to 1810. In 1777 he was appointed physician-extraordinary to the king, and in 1792 physician-in-ordinary. He was created a baronet on 22 Jan. 1784. He attended George III in his mental disorder of 1788–9, and in that of 1804. He was examined on the subject of the king's health by a committee of the House of Commons on 7 Jan. 1789. He then thought it likely that the king would recover in time, and stated that he had observed signs of improvement. He attended two days a week at Kew, where the king was, from four in the afternoon till eleven the next morning, having a consultation often either with Sir George Baker or Dr. Richard Warren. In 1794 he was made physician-general to the army, and was president of an army medical board, on which it was his duty to nominate all the army physicians. When so many soldiers fell ill of fever at Walcheren, he was ordered to go there and report. He was so ill-advised as to decline, and the board was in consequence abolished; but he was granted a pension. He had a large practice, and after Jenner's discovery he was an active supporter of the National Vaccine Institution. He was punctual and assiduous as president of the College of Physicians, but his only published work was the Latin preface to the ‘London Pharmacopœia’ of 1809. He married, on 30 Oct. 1772, Jane Elizabeth, countess of Rothes, and had by her two sons and a daughter. He married again, on 29 June 1813, Deborah, daughter of Dr. Anthony Askew [q. v.], who survived him. His house was in Park Street, Grosvenor Square, and he died there on 17 June 1830. He is described by Dr. Munk, who knew several of his contemporaries, as ‘a person of great firmness and determination, somewhat dictatorial in his manner.’ His portrait was painted by Edridge.

[Munk's Coll. of Phys. ii. 304; Picture of the Present State of the Royal College of Physicians, London, 1817; Report from the Committee appointed to examine the Physicians who have attended his Majesty, 1789; Lecky's Hist. of England.]

PEPYS, RICHARD (1588?–1659), lord chief justice of Ireland, born about 1588 at Cottenham was second son of John Pepys (d. 1604) of the Middle Temple and of Impington, near Cottenham, Cambridge, and of Elizabeth (d. 1642), daughter of John Bendish of Bower Hall, Bumpstead, Essex.

Richard joined the Middle Temple, and sat in the Short parliament (16 March 1639–1640) as member for Sudbury, Suffolk. In 1642 he was left heir to the estate of his elder brother John, and in 1643–4 was elected treasurer of the Middle Temple. His shield of arms is in the wainscoting and window of that hall, dated 1644. The only reference to his pleading is in 1640 (State Papers, Dom. cccclxx. 113). In January 1654 he was appointed serjeant-at-law, and was immediately after a member of the commission for the spring circuit through the midland counties. On 30 May in the same year he was appointed baron of the exchequer, in spite of scruples as to the Protector's legal authority. On 21 June he was commanded by the Protector to go on the Essex circuit ‘without incurring any penalty’ (Council Book I. vol. 75, p. 387, Record Office).

On 17 Aug. of the same year he was, with four others, appointed by Cromwell to be of the counsel to Deputy Fleetwood in Ireland. On 25 Sept. a warrant was issued to prepare a bill for constituting Pepys lord chief justice for holding pleas in the upper bench in Ireland during good behaviour, and at a salary of 500l. per annum (Sloane Ayscough MS. 4184, fol. 47). From 14 June 1655 till 20 Aug. 1656, when William Steele became chancellor, Pepys was chief commissioner of the great seal in Ireland. He died at Dublin on 2 Jan. 1658–9. His funeral sermon was preached by Dr. Edward Worth; and Sir William Petty [q. v.], in his imprimatur sanctioning the publication of the sermon, speaks in high terms of Pepys. On 30 July 1660 administration of his goods was granted to his son Richard.


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Works

 * 'Joh. Amos Comenii Vestibulum Novissimum Linguæ Latinæ, &c. Joh. Amos Comenius His Last Porch of the Latin Tonpo, &c.,' 1647. 16mo (the Latin of Comenius is given on alternate pages with an English version from the Dutch of Henry Schoof compared with the original).
 * 'The Saints' Imperfection.&c.,' 6046 (but corrected by Thompson to 19 Dec. 1648), 16mo (sermon on Heb. v. 12; the title-page is otherwise faulty; it was reissued with new title-page in 1656).
 * 'Vitis Salutaris: Or, the Vine of Catechetical Divinitie, and Saying Truth, &c.,' 1650, 16mo (a catechism dedicated to parishioners of West Wycombe; a reissue in 1658 has a new title-page, and omits the dedicstion).
 * 'An English Monosyllabary.' 1651, 16mo (a singular little book, dedicated to Susan, wife of Edward Trussell, and her sister Philadelphia, daughters of Sir Edward Richards; containing in rhythmical form 'all the words of one syllabl, in our English tongue drawne out into a legibl sens;' at the end are a few prayers in monosyllables).
 * 'Plain. Brief, and Pertinent Rules for the Judicious and Artificial Syllabification of all English Words, &c.,' 1654, 16mo (the account of the author's plan for the management of a school is curious).
 * 'Two Books more exact and judicious for the Entring of Children to Spell and Read English than were ever yet extant, viz. An English Syllabary, and An English Monosyllabary, &c.,' 1654, 16mo (the second book is simply No. 4, not reprinted; there is a reissue with new title-page as ' The Cornpleat School-Master, '1660).
 * 'Orthographia, hoc est, Grammatices Nostrse Regiae Latinae Pars prima … Cui adjungitur Grammatices ejusdem … Synopsis/ 1657, 16mo.
 * 'A Breviate of our Kings whole Latin Grammar, vulgarly called fillies,' n.d. (dedication dated 4 July 1660).
 * 'The Well-tun'd Organ; or an exercitation wherein this question is discuss'd, whether or no instrumental and organick musick be lawful in holy publick assemblies,' 1660, 4to (Bodleian catalogue).
 * 'Rebels Tried and Cast, in three Sermons, on Rom. xiii. 2, &c.,' 1661, 12mo (Wood).

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Perceval power. He also served as a lord of the treasury from 6 to 16 Sept. 1841. He was treasurer of the Orange Association of Ireland; but, finding that the government were anxious for the sake of peace that it should not be continued, he acquiesced in the decision, and aided in dissolving the association. In 1841 he succeeded Admiral Sir George Seymour as sergeant-at-arms of the House of Lords, an appointment which he held till his death. On 13 June 1834 he was created a D.C.L. of the university of Oxford. He died at 28 Chester Street, London, on 9 Dec. 1858. He married, on 11 Feb. 1808, Jane Anne, eldest daughter of Colonel Henry Peisley L'Estrange, of Moystown, King's County. She died on 20 Jan. 1847, leaving issue (1) Philip Perceval, formerly a lieutenant in the royal horse-guards; (2) Henry Perceval; (3) Alexander Perceval; (4) Charles George Guy Perceval, and six daughters.

[Portraits of Eminent Conservatives, 2nd ser. 1846, portrait xi; Foster's Peerage, 1883, under Egmont, p. 257; Burke's Landed Gentry, 1886, ii. 1448; Gent. Mag. 1859, pt. i. p. 859; Times, 13 Dec. 1858, p. 6.]

PERCEVAL, ARTHUR PHILIP (1799–1853), divine, born on 22 Nov. 1799, was the fifth and youngest son of Charles George Perceval, second baron Arden, by his wife Margaret Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Sir Thomas Spencer Wilson, bart. He matriculated from Oriel College, Oxford, on 19 March 1817, graduating B.A. in 1820, and B.C.L. in 1824; from 1821 to 1825 he was fellow of All Souls'. On 18 June 1824 he was appointed rector of East Horsley, Surrey. In 1826 he became chaplain to George IV, and continued royal chaplain to William IV and Queen Victoria until his death. He warmly approved of the tractarian movement at Oxford, and in 1841 published a ‘Vindication of the Authors of the Tracts for the Times,’ principally defending Newman against the attacks made on his ‘Tract 90.’ On 24 July 1838, when preaching as royal chaplain at the chapel royal, St. James's, he took occasion to advocate high-church principles before the queen; the bishop of London (C. J. Blomfield), who was aware of Perceval's intention, is said to have preached for several Sundays in order to keep Perceval out of the pulpit, but the bishop broke his collarbone, and Perceval found his opportunity (Greville Memoirs, ed. Reeve, i. 116). Perceval died on 11 June 1853, having married, on 15 Dec. 1825, Charlotte Anne, eldest daughter of the Rev. and Hon. Augustus George Legge, fifth son of William, second earl of Dartmouth; she died on 21 June 1856, having had, with other issue, three sons and four daughters.

Perceval was a voluminous author, and the list of his works occupies three pages in the British Museum Catalogue, but most of them are letters, single sermons, and pamphlets. The more important are: 1. ‘The Roman Schism illustrated from the Records of the Catholic Church,’ 1836, 8vo. Lowndes (Bibl. Man. p. 1102) describes it as ‘of great utility and value.’ 2. ‘Origin of Church Rates,’ 1837, 8vo (cf. Edinburgh Review, lxvi. 295). 3. ‘Sermons preached chiefly at the Chapel Royal, St. James's,’ 1839, 8vo. 4. ‘An Apology for the Doctrine of Apostolical Succession,’ 1839, 16mo; 2nd edit. 1841. 5. ‘A Collection of Papers connected with the Theological Movement of 1833,’ 1842; 2nd edit. 1843. 6. ‘Results of an Ecclesiastical Tour in Holland and Northern Germany,’ 1846, 12mo. 7. ‘Plain Lectures on St. Paul's Epistle to the Ephesians,’ 1846, 12mo. 8. ‘Origines Hibernicæ,’ Dublin, 1849; in this he endeavours to prove that Ireland is the Patmos of Revelation, and that the Virgin Mary was buried on Tara Hill.

 PERCEVAL, JOHN, first (1683–1748), born at Burton in the county of Cork on 12 July 1683, was the second son of Sir John Perceval, bart., by his wife Catherine, fourth daughter of Sir Edward Dering, bart., of Surrenden-Dering, Kent. Sir Philip Perceval [q. v.] was his great-grandfather. While a child he lost both his parents. His father died of gaol-fever, caught while serving as foreman of the grand jury at the Cork assizes on 29 April 1686; while his mother, who, in August 1690, married a second husband, one Colonel Butler, died on 2 Feb. 1692. He succeeded his elder brother Edward as fifth baronet on 9 Nov. 1691, and in 1698 was sent by his guardian, Sir Robert Southwell, to Westminster School. He matriculated at Magdalen College, Oxford, on 18 Nov. 1699, but left the university in June 1701 without taking any degree, and in 1702 was elected a fellow of the Royal Society. At the general election in the following year he was


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 BROOKE, ARTHUR  CAPELL (1791–1858), of Oakley Hall, Northamptonshire, author of several works of travel, was descended from a family originally settled in Cheshire, and was born in Bolton Street, Mayfair, 22 Oct. 1791. He was the eldest son of Sir Richard de Capell Brooke and Mary, only child and heiress of Major-general Richard Worge. Sir Richard, who was the first baronet, had assumed the name Brooke in accordance with his uncle's will, and adopted the name De Capell in lieu of Supple by royal license. The son was educated at Magdalen College, Oxford, where he graduated B.A. 20 May 1813, and M.A. 5 June 1816. On 27 Nov. 1829 he succeeded his father in the title and estates. He entered the army, and in 1846 obtained the rank of major. Much of his early life was spent in foreign travel, especially in the north of Europe. In 1823 he published 'Travels through Sweden, Norway, and Finmark to the North Pole in the Summer of 1820,' which was followed in 1827 by 'A Winter in Lapland and Sweden, with various observations relating to Finmark and its inhabitants made during a residence at Hammerfest, near the North Cape.' These volumes contained much which at the time had the interest of novelty, and a companion volume to the last work was published also in 1827, consisting of a number of splendid illustrative plates from sketches by the author, and entitled 'Winter Sketches in Lapland, or Illustrations of a Journey from Alten, on the shores of the Polar Sea, in 69°55' N. L., through Norwegian, Russian, and Swedish Lapland to Tornea, at the entrance to the Gulf of Bothnia, intended to exhibit a complete view of the mode of travelling with reindeer, the most striking incidents that occurred during the journey, and the general character of the scenery of Lapland and Sweden.' In 1837 he published, in two volumes, 'Sketches in Spain and Morocco.' He was an original member of the Travellers' Club, and feeling strongly that latterly many of the newly elected members did not sufficiently represent the spirit of foreign travel, he, in 1821, originated the Raleigh Club, of which he was for many years president, and which became merged in the Royal Geographical Society. He was deputy-lieutenant of Northamptonshire, and in 1843 was chosen sheriff of the county. He was a member both of the Royal Society and of the Royal Geographical Society. Of a reserved and retiring disposition, he was unfitted for the strife of politics, but in his later years he took an active interest in the cause of temperance and in various benevolent and religious objects. He died at Oakley Hall 6 Dec. 1858. He married in 1851 the relict of J. J. Eyre of Endcliffe, near Sheffield, but left no heir, and was succeeded in the title and estates by his brother.

BROOKE, CHARLES (1777–1852), jesuit, born at Exeter, 8 Aug. 1777, received his education at the English academy at Liège and at Stonyhurst, where he entered the Society of Jesus, of which he became a professed father (1818). He was provincial of his order from 1826 to 1832, and subsequently was made superior of the seminary at Stonyhurst College. After filling the office of rector of the Lancashire district, he was sent with broken health to Exeter, in 1845, to gather materials for a continuation of the history of the English province from the year 1635, to which period Father Henry More's 'Historia Missionis Anglicanæ Societatis Jesu' extends. The documents and information he collected were afterwards of much service in the compilation of Brother Henry Foley's valuable 'Records of the English Province of the Society of Jesus,' 8 vols. Lond. 1870-83. Father Brooke died at Exeter on 6 Oct. 1852.

BROOKE, CHARLES (1804–1879), surgeon and inventor, son of the well-known mineralogist, [q. v.], was born 30 June 1804. His early education was carried on at Chiswick, under Dr. Turner. After this he was entered at Rugby in 1819; thence he went to St. John's College, Cambridge, where he remained five years. He was twenty-third wrangler and B.A. 1827, B.M. 1828, and M. A. in 1853. During a part of this period he studied medicine, and his professional education was completed at St. Bartholomew's Hospital. He passed the College of Surgeons 3 Sept. 1834, and became a fellow of that institution 26 Aug. 1844. He lectured for one or two sessions on surgery at Dermott's School, and afterwards held positions on the surgical staff of the Metropolitan Free Hospital and the Westminster Hospital, which latter appointment he resigned in 1869.

He is known as the inventor of the 'bead suture,' which was a great step in advance in the scientific treatment of deep wounds. On 4 March 1847 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society. He belonged to the Meteorological and Royal Microscopical Societies, and occupied the president's chair in each of these bodies. He also at various times


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 served on the management of the Royal Institution and on the council of the Royal Botanical Society. In addition to these he was connected with many philanthropic and religious societies, and was a very active member of the Victoria Institute and Christian Medical Association. His public papers and lectures generally pertained to the department of physics, mathematical and experimental, and his more special work was the inventing or perfecting of apparatus. His papers date back to 1835, when he wrote upon the 'Motion of Sound in Space;' but the work upon which his reputation mainly rests was published between 1846 and 1852. This was the invention of those self-recording instruments which have been adopted at the Royal Observatories of Greenwich, Paris, and other meteorological stations. They consisted of barometers, thermometers, psychrometers, and magnetometers, which registered their variations by means of photography. His method obtained the premium offered by the government, as well as a council medal from the jurors of the Great Exhibition. The account of the perfecting of these apparatus will be found detailed in the British Association Reports from 1846 to 1849, and in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1847, 1850, and 1852.

Brooke also studied the theory of the microscope, and was the author of some inventions which facilitated the shifting of lenses, and improved the illumination of the bodies observed. He applied his improved methods to the investigation of some of the best known test-objects of the microscope. His name is, however, most popularly known by means of the 'Elements of Natural Philosophy,' originally compiled by Dr. Golding Bird in 1839, who alone brought out the second and third editions. After his death in 1854, Brooke edited 'a fourth edition, revised and greatly enlarged,' followed by a fifth in 1860. In 1867 he entirely rewrote the work for the sixth edition. He died at Weymouth, 17 May 1879, and his widow died at 3 Gordon Square, London, 12 Feb. 1885, aged 86.

His other publications were: 'The Evidence afforded by the Order and Adaptations in Nature to the Existence of a God. A Christian Evidence lecture,' 1872, which was three times printed, and 'A Synopsis of the Principal Formulæ and Results of Pure Mathematics,' 1829.

BROOKE, CHARLOTTE (d. 1793), authoress, was one of the youngest of the numerous offspring of, the author of the 'Fool of Quality' [q. v.], and designated herself 'the child of his old age.' She was educated entirely by him, and applied assiduously to literature, art, and music, in all of which she acquired high proficiency. During her father's life her time was mainly devoted to him. Among the subjects of her study was the Irish language, and the first of her productions which appeared in print was an anonymous translation of a poem ascribed to Carolan, in 'Historical Memoirs of Irish Bards,' published in 1786. Soon after the death of her father Miss Brooke was nearly reduced to indigence through the loss of money invested in the manufactory for cotton established by her cousin, Captain [q. v.] An unsuccessful effort was made by some members of the then newly established Royal Irish Academy at Dublin to obtain a position for her. Her letters to Bishop Percy on this are in Nichols's 'Illustrations' (viii. 247-52). Miss Brooke, in 1789, published at Dublin, by subscription, a quarto volume entitled 'Reliques of Irish Poetry; consisting of heroic poems, odes, elegies, and songs, translated into English verse, with notes explanatory and historical, and the originals in the Irish character.' In this she included 'Thoughts on Irish Song,' and an original composition, styled 'An Irish Tale.' In the publication of this work Miss Brooke was assisted by William Hayley and others; but at the time little accurate knowledge existed of the remains of the more ancient Celtic literature of Ireland. In 1791 Miss Brooke published the 'School for Christians,' consisting of dialogues for the use of children. In the following year she published an edition of some of her father's works, under the circumstances mentioned in the notice of him. Through the subscriptions for that publication and for her 'Reliques of Irish Poetry,' in which many persons of importance interested themselves, Miss Brooke was enabled to retrieve to a small extent the loss of property which she had sustained. A tragedy which she composed, under the title of 'Belisarius,' was submitted to Kemble, and said to have been approved by him, but was eventually reported to have been lost through carelessness. In her latter years Miss Brooke resided at Longford, where she died of malignant fever on 29 March 1793. The publication of a life of Miss Brooke was projected by Joseph C. Walker, who, however, died without having made progress with the work. Some of the papers connected with Miss Brooke came into the possession of Aaron


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 346 GUILT

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Habits form character and character is destiny. Joseph Katnes—Address. Oct. 21, 1883. Our Daily Faults and Failings. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Hall)


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 HOME HONESTY

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = A honest man's word is as good as his bond. | author = Cervantes | work = Don Quixote. | place = Vol. III. Pt. II. Ch. XXXIV. 19 | seealso = (See also {{sc|Gay) Omnia qua vindicaris in altero, tibi ipsi vehementer fugienda sunt. Everything that thou reprovest in another, thou must most carefully avoid in thyself. Cicero—In Verrem. II. 3. 2. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 371 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Barring that natural expression of villainy which we all have, the man looked honest enough. S. L. Clemens | cog = (Mark Twain) | work = A Mysterious Visit. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 371 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = He is one that will not plead that cause wherein his tongue must be confuted by his conscience. Fuller—Holy and Profane States. The Good Advocate. Bk. II. Ch. I. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 371 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = When rogues fall put, honest men get into their own. Sir Matthew Hale. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 371 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = He that departs with his own honesty For vulgar praise, doth it too dearly buy. Ben Jonson—Epigram II. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 371 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = The measure of life is not length, but honestie. | author = Lyly | work = Euphues. The Anatomy of Wit. Letters of Euphues. Euphues and Eubulus. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 371 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Friends, if we be honest with ourselves, we shall be honest with each other. George MacDonald—The Marquis ofLossie. Ch. T/X XT. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 371 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Semper bonus homo tiro est. An honest man is always a child. Martial—Epigrams. XII. 51. 2. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 371 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = An honest man's the noblest work of God. | author = Pope | work = Essay on Man. | place = Ep. IV. L. 247. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 371 }}


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396

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = For those whom God to ruin has designed He fits for fate, and first destroys their mind. Dryden—Fables. The Hind and the Panther. Pt. III. L. 2,387. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Euripides) There is a pleasure, sure, In being mad, which none but madmen know! Dryden—Spanish Friar. Act II. St. 1. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Cowper}} under {{sc|Poets}}) | topic = | page = }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = The alleged power to charm down insanity, or ferocity in beasts, is a power behind the eye. Emerson—Essays. Conduct of Life. Of Behaviour. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 396 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = At daemon, homini quum struit illiquid malum, Pervertit illi primitus mentem suam. But the devil when he purports any evil against man, first perverts his mind. Euripides. Fragment 25. Barnes Ed. Attributed to Athenagorus. Also ed. pub. at Padua, 1743-53. Vol. X. P. 268. The Translator, P. Cabmbu, gives the Italian as: Quondo vogliono gli Dei far perire alcuno, gli tiglie la mente. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Dryden, Fraser, Sophocles}}) | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = But when Fate destines one to ruin it begins by blinding the eyes of his understanding. Jambs Fraser—Short Hist, of the Hindostan Emperors of the Moghol Race. (1742) P. 57. See also story of the Christian Broker. Arabian Nights. Lane's trans. Ed. 1859. Vol. I. P. 307. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Euripides}}) | topic = | page = }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Mad as a March hare. Halliwell—Archaic Diet. Vol. II. Art. "March Hare." Heywood—Proverbs. Pi. II. Ch. V. Skelton—ReplycacUm Agaynst Certayne Yong Scoters, etc. L. 35. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Thackeray}}) | topic = | page = }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Doceo insanire omnes. I teach that all men are mad. Horace—Satires. II. 3. 81. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Mantuanus}}) | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Nimirum insanus paucis videatur, eo quod Maxima pars hominum morbo jactatur eodem. He appears mad indeed but to a few, because the majority is infected with the same Horace—Satires. II. 3. 120. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 396 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Quisnam igitur sanus? Qui non stultus. Who then is sane? He who is not a fool. Horace—Satires. II. 3. 158. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = 15 | text = major tandem parcas, insane, minori. Oh! thou who art greatly mad, deign to spare me who am less mad. Horace—Satires. II. 3. 326. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 396 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = demens! et saevas curre per Alpes, Ut pueris placeas et declamatio fias. Go, madman! rush over the wildest Alps, that you may please children and be made the subject of declamation. Juvenal—Satires. X. 166. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 396 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = O, hark! what mean those yells and cries? Frig chain some furious mnHman breaks; He comes—I see his glaring eyes; Now, now, my dungeon grate he shakes. Help! Help! He's gone!—O fearful woe, Such screams to hear, such sights to see! My brain, my brain,—I know, I know I am not mad but soon shall be. Matthew Gregory Lewis ("Monk Lewis


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{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Scire est nescire, nisi id me scire alius scierit. To know is not to know, unless someone else has known that I know. Luctlius—Fragment. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Persius) Quid nobis certius ipsis Sensibus esse potest? qui vera ac falso notemus. What can give us more sure knowledge than our senses? How else can we distinguish between the true and the false? Lucretius—De Rerum Natura. I. 700. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = Knowledge | page = 421 }}


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) | topic = Life | page = 446 }}


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 Crossley Seymour, who, in 1816, printed a memoir of her life and writings, mainly emphasising her religious and charitable temper. The 'Reliques of Irish Poetry' by Miss Brooke were republished in octavo at Dublin in 1818.

 BROOKE, CHRISTOPHER (d. 1628), poet, was the son of Robert Brooke, a rich merchant and alderman of York, who was twice lord mayor of that city. Wood states (Fasti, ed. Bliss, i. 402) that he was educated at one of the universities. It seems probable that, like his brother [q. v.], he was a member of Trinity College, Cambridge. He subsequently studied law at Lincoln's Inn, and was 'chamber-fellow' there to John Donne, afterwards dean of St. Paul's. About 1609 he witnessed Donne's secret marriage with the daughter of Sir George More, lieutenant of the Tower; the ceremony was performed by his brother Samuel, and the father of the bride, who opposed the match, contrived to commit Donne and his two friends to prison immediately afterwards. Donne was first released, and secured the freedom of the Brookes after several weeks' imprisonment. Christopher made his way at Lincoln's Inn; he became a bencher and summer reader (1614), and was a benefactor of the chapel. While at the Inns of Court he became acquainted with many literary men, among whom were John Selden, Ben Jonson, Michael Drayton, and John Davies of Hereford. William Browne lived on terms of the greatest intimacy with him, and to Dr. Donne he left by will his portrait of Elizabeth, countess of Southampton. Brooke married Mary Jacob on 18 Dec. 1619 at the church of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields by Charing Cross. He lived in a house of his own in Drury Lane, London, and inherited from his father houses at York, and other property there and in Essex. He was buried at St. Andrew's, Holborn, 7 Feb. 1627-8. His wife, by whom he had a n only son John, died before him.

Brooke's works are: Brooke also contributed verses to Michael Drayton's 'Legend of the Great Cromwell,' 1607; to Coriat's 'Odcombian Banquet,' 1611; to Lichfield's 'First Set of Madrigals,' 1614 (two pieces, one to the Lady Cheyney and another to the author); and to Browne's 'Britannia's Pastorals,' 1625. He also wrote (20 Dec. 1597) inscriptions for the tombs of Elizabeth, wife of Charles Croft (, Survey, ed. Strype), and of the wife of Thomas Crompton.
 * 1) An elegy on the death of Prince Henry, published with another elegy by William Browne in a volume entitled 'Two Elegies consecrated to the neverdying Memorie of the most worthily admyred, most hartily loved and generally bewailed prince, Henry, Prince of Wales,' London, 1613.
 * 2) An eclogue appended to William Browne's 'Shepheard's Pipe,' London, 1614.
 * 3) 'The Ghost of Richard the Third. Expressing himselfe in these three parts: 1, His Character; 2, His Legend; 3, His Tragedie,' London, 1614. The unique copy in the Bodleian Library was reprinted by Mr. J. P. Collier for the Shakespeare Society in 1844, and by Dr. Grosart in 1872. It is dedicated to Sir John Crompton and his wife Frances. Mr. Rodd, the bookseller, first attributed this work to Brooke at the beginning of this century. The only direct clue lies in 'C. B.,' the signature of the dedication. George Chapman, William Browne, 'Fr. Dyune Int. Temp.,' George Wither, Robert Daborne, and Ben Jonson contribute commendatory verses. Brooke was well acquainted with Shakespeare's Richard III,' and gives it unstinted praise (cf. Shakespeare's Centurie of Prayse, New Shakspere Society, p. 109); but his own piece is of small literary value; the verse is, with very rare exceptions, bombastic and harsh.
 * 4) 'Epithalamium—a nuptiall song applied to the ceremonies of marriage,' which appears at the close of 'England's Helicon,' 1614. A manuscript copy of this piece is in the Bodleian.
 * 5) 'A Funerall Poem consecrated to the Memorie of that ever honoured President of Soldyership, S Arthure Chichester … written by Christopher Brooke, gent.,' in 1624. This poem, to which Wither contributes commendatory verses, was printed for the first time by Dr. Grosart in 1872. The manuscript had been in the possession of Bindley, Heber, and Corser. Corser printed selections in his 'Collectanea,' and Haslewood described it in the 'British Bibliographer,' ii. 235.

William Browne had a high opinion of his friend Brooke's poetic capacity. He eulogises him in 'Britannia's Pastorals,' book ii. song 2. In the fifth eclogue of the 'Shepheard's Pipe,' 1615, which is inscribed to Brooke, Browne urges him to attempt more ambitious poetry than the pastorals which he had already completed.


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) | topic = Epitaph | page = }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = 14 | text = The body of Benjamin Franklin, Printer, (Like the cover of an old book, its contents torn out and stript of its lettering and gilding), Lies here, food for worms; But the work shall not be lost, for it will (as he believed) appear once more in a new and more elegant edition, revised and corrected by the author. Benjamin Franklin—Epitaph on Himself. Written in 1728. Revised by himself from an earlier one. John Davis, in Travels of Four Years and a Half in the United States of America, gives similar epitaph in Latin, said to have been written by "An Eton scholaJ " | seealso = (See also {{sc|Capen) | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = Epitaph | page = }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = 15 | text = Quand je serai la, je serai sans souci. When I shall be there, I shall be without care. Frederick the Great. His inscription written at the foot, of the statue of Flora at Sans Souci, where he wished to be buried. His body lies in the church at Potsdam. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = Epitaph | page = 230 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = 16 | text = Here lies Fred, Who was alive and is dead. Had it been his father, I had much rather. Had it been his brother, Still better than another. Had it been his sister, No one would have missed her. Had it been the whole generation, Still better for the nation. But since 'tis only Fred, Who was alive, and is dead, There's no more to be said. Epitaph to Frederick, Prince or Wales (Father of George III), as given by Thackeray—Four Georges. Probably version of a French epigram "Colas est morte de maladie," found in Les Epigrammes de Jean Ogier Gombauld. (1658) Several early versions of same. See Notes and Queries. May 3, 1902. P. 346. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = Epitaph | page = 230 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = 17 | text = "Fuller's earth." | author = Thomas Fuller | work = Epitaph written by Himself. | place = | note = | topic = Epitaph | page = 230 }}


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EAGLE


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210

EATING (See also )


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 EATING EATING Better halfe a loafe than no bread. Camden—Remaines. Proverbs. P. 293. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 211 }}

) | topic = | page = }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = The true Amphitryon. Dryden—Amphitryon. Act IV. Sc. 1. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Moltere) i When we sat by the fleshpots. Exodus. XVI. 3. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 211 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = When I demanded of my friend what viands he preferred, He quoth: "A large cold bottle, and a small hot bird!" Eugene Field—The Bottle and the Bird. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 211 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = When mighty roast beef was the Englishman's food It ennobled our hearts and enriched our blood— Our soldiers were brave and our courtiers were good. Oh! the roast beef of England, And Old England's roast beef. Henry Fielding—The Roast Beef of Old England. In Grub Street Opera. Act III. Sc. 2. Claimed for R. Leveridge. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 211 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Fools make feasts, and wise men eat them. Benj. Franklin—Poor Richard. (1733) | topic = | page = }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = What will not luxury taste? Earth, sea, and air, Are daily ransack'd for the bill of fare. Blood stuffed in skins is British Christians' food, And France robs marshes of the croaking brood. Gay—Trivia. Bk. III. L. 199. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 211 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Blest be those feasts, with simple plenty crowned, Where all the ruddy family around Laugh at the jests or pranks that never fail Or sigh with pity at some mournful tale. | author = Goldsmith | work = Traveller. L. 17. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 211 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = "Here, dearest Eve," he exclaims, "here is food." "Well," answered she, with the germ of a housewife stirring within her, "we have been so busy to-day that a picked-up dinner must serve." Hawthorne—Mosses from an Old Manse. The New Adam and Eve. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 211 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Je veux que le dimanche chaque paysan ait sa poule au pot. I want every peasant to have a chicken in his pot on Sundays. Henry IV of France. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 211 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Such as have need of milk, and not of strong meat. Hebrews. V. 12. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 211 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Strong meat belongeth to them that are of full age. Hebrews. V. 14. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 211 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = He rolls it under his tongue as a sweet morsel. Matthew Henry—Commentaries. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 211 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Here is bread, which strengthens man's heart, and therefore is called the staff of Life. Matthew Henry—Commentaries. Psalm CIV. 15. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Swift}}) | topic = | page = }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = He pares his apple that will cleanly feed. | author = Herbert | work = Church Porch. St. 2. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 211 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = A cheerful look makes a dish a feast. | author = Herbert | work = Jacula Prudentum. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 211 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Gluttony kills more than the sword | author = Herbert | work = Jacula Prudentum. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 211 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = 'Tis not the food, but the content, That makes the table's merriment. Herhick—Content not Cotes. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 211 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Out did the meate, out did the frolick wine. | author = Herrick | work = Ode for Ben Jonson. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 211 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = God never sendeth mouth but he sendeth meat. Hetwood—Proverbs. Pt. I. Ch. IV. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 211 }}


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EARS (See Hearing)

EASTER


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 ECHO


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 216 ECONOMY EDUCATION ECONOMY


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 EDUCATION EDUCATION Quod enim munus reipubliexe afEerre majus, mefiusve poasumus. quam si docemus atque erudimus juventutem? What greater or better gift can we offer the republic than to teach and instruct our youth? Cicero—De Divinatione. II. 2. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 217 }}

) | topic = | page = }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Der preussiche Schulmeister hat die Schlacht bei Sadowa gewonnen. The Prussian schoolmaster won the battle of Sadowa. Von Moltke—In the Reichstag, Feb. 16, 1874. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Burton, Peschel) | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = 15 | text = Tempore ruricolas patiens fit taurus aratri. In time the bull is brought to wear the yoke. Ovid—Tristia. 4. 6. 1. Trans, by Thomas Watson. Hecatompathia. No. 47. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Much Ado About Nothing}}) | topic = | page = }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = The victory of the Prussians over the Austrians was a victory of the Prussian over the Austrian schoolmaster. Privy Councillor Peschel, in Ausland, No. 19. July 17, 1866. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Burton}}) Education is the only interest worthy the deep, controlling anxiety of the thoughtful man. Wendell Phillips—Speeches. Idols. '" 18 Lambendo paulatim figurant. Licking a cub into shape. (Free rendering.) Pliny—Nat. Hist. VIII. 36. | author =  | work =  | place =  | note =  | topic =  | page = 217 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = So watchful Bruin forms with plastic care, Each growing lump and brings it to a bear. | author = Pope | work = Dunciad. I. 101. -20 Then take him to develop, if you can And hew the block off, and get out the man. | author = Pope | work = Dunciad. IV. 269. A notion of Aristotle's that there was originally in every block of marble, a statue, which would appear on the removal of the superfluous parts. See The Spectator. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 217 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Tis education forms the common mind; Just as the twig is bent the tree's inclined. | author = Pope | work = Moral Essays. Ep. I. L. 149. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 217 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Twelve years ago I made a mock Of filthy trades and traffics; I considered what they meant by stock; I wrote delightful sapphics; I knew the streets of Rome and Troy, I supped with Fates and Fairies— Twelve years ago I was a boy, A happy bqy at Drury's. W. M. Praed—School and Schoolfellows. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 217 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = He can write and read and cast accompt. O monstrous! We took him setting of boys' copies. Here's a villain! Henry VI. Pt. II. Act IV. Sc. 2. L. 92. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 217 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = In time the savage bull doth bear the yoke. Much Ado About Nothing. Act I. Sc. 1. Quoted from Kyd—Spanish Trageily. Act II. Found in Dodsley's collection. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Ovjd)


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872

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Know ye the willow-tree, Whose grey leaves quiver, Whispering gloomily To yon pale river? Lady, at even-tide Wander not near it: They say its branches hide A sad, lost spirit! Thackeray—The Willow-Tree. WIND | seealso = (See also {{sc|Zephyrs) The hushed winds wail with feeble moan Like infant charity. Joanna Baillie—Orra. Act III. Sc. 1. The Chough and Crow. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 872 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Blow, Boreas, foe to human kind! Blow, blustering, freezing, piercing wind! Blow, that thy force 1 may rehearse, While all my thoughts congeal to verse! John Bancks—To Boreas. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Stevens) The faint old man shall lean his silver head To fed thee; thou shalt kiss the child asleep, And dry the moistened curls that overspread His temples, while his breathing grows more deep. Bryant—Evening Wind. St. 4. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 872 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = 15 | text = Where hast thou wandered, gentle gale, to find The perfumes thou dost bring? Bryant—May Evening. . St. 2. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 872 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Wind of the sunny south! oh, still delay In the gay woods and in the golden air, Like to a good old age released from care, Journeying, in long serenity, away. In such a bright, late quiet, would that I Might wear out life like thee, mid bowers and brooks, And, dearer yet, the sunshine of kind looks, And music of kind voices ever nigh; And when my last sand twinkled in the glass, Pass silently from men as thou dost pass. Bryant—October. L. 5. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 872 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = A breeze came wandering from the sky, Light as the whispers of a dream; He put the o'erhanging grasses by, And softly stooped to kiss the stream, The pretty stream, the flattered stream, The shy, yet unreluctant stream. Bryant—The Wind and Stream. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 872 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = As winds come whispering lightly from the West, Kissing, not ruffling, the blue deep's serene. Byron—Childe Harold. Canto H. St. 70. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 872 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = When the stormy winds do blow; When the battle rages loud and long, And the stormy winds do blow. Campbell—Ye Mariners of England. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Parker) The wind is awake, pretty leaves, pretty leaves, Heed not what he says, he deceives, he deceives; Over and over To the lowly clover He has lisped the same love (and forgotten it, too). He will be lisping and pledging to you. John Vance Cheney—The way of it. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 872 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = The wind's in the east * * * I am always conscious of an uncomfortable sensation now and then when the wind is blowing in the east. | author = Dickens | work = Bleak House. | place = Ch. VI. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Eliot}})


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Page:Hoyt's New Cyclopedia Of Practical Quotations (1922).djvu/865

Rh UNDERSTANDING (See Knowledge) UNDERTAKERS

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = The houses that he makes last till doomsday. Hamlet. Act V. Sc. 1. L. 66. _ UNITY | seealso = (See also {{sc|Government) When bad men combine, the good must associate; else they will fall, one by one, an unpitied sacrifice in a contemptible struggle. Bcbke—Thoughts on the Cause of the Present Discontent. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 827 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = I never use the word "nation" in speaking of the United States. I always use the word "Union" or "Confederacy." We are not a nation but a union, a confederacy of equal and sovereign States. J. C. Calhoun—ToOliverDyer. Jan. 1,1849. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 827 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = The Constitution in all its provisions looks to an indestructible union composed of indestructible States. Salmon P. Chase—Decision in Texas vs. White. See Werden's Private Life and Public Services of Salmon P. Chase. P. 664. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 827 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Neque est ullum certius amicitiae vinculum, quam consensus et societas consuiorum et voluntatum. There is no more sure tie between friends than when they are united in their objects and wishes. Cicero—Oratio Pro Cnwo Plancio. II. Like two single gentlemen rolled into one. | author = Geo. Colman | cog = (the Younger) | work = Broad Grins. Lodgings for Single Gentlemen. | seealso = (See also {{sc|Sheridan}} under {{sc|Gentleman}}) | topic = | page = 827 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Then join in hand, brave Americans all! By uniting we stand, by dividing we fall. John Dickinson—The Liberty Song of 1768. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 827 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = When our two lives grew like two buds that kiss At lightest thrill from the bee's swinging chime, Because the one so near the other is. George Eliot—Brother and Sister. Pt. I. St. 1. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 827 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = We must all hang together or assuredly we shall all hang separately. Benj. Franklin. To John Hancock. At Signing of the Declaration of Independence. July 4, 1776. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 827 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Entzwei' und gebiete! Tuchtig Wort, Verein' und leite! Bess'rer Hort. Divide and command, a wise maxim ; Unite and guide, a better. Goethe—Spruche in Reimen. L. 516. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 827 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Was uns alle bandigt, das Gemeine. The universal subjugator, the commonplace. Goethe—Taschenbuch fur Damen auf das Jahr 1806. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 827 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Our Union is river, lake, ocean, and sky: Man breaks not the medal, when God cuts the die! Though darkened with sulphur, though cloven with steel, The blue arch will brighten, the waters will heal! Holmes—Brother Jonathan's Lament for Sister Caroline. St. 7. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 827 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = There with commutual zeal we both had strove In acts of dear benevolence and love; Brothers in peace, not rivals in command. Homer—Odyssey. Bk. IV. L. 241 | note = {{sc|Pope}}'s trans. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 827 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = He that is not with me is against me. Luke. XI. 23. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 827 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Then none was for a party; Then all were for the state; Then the great man helped the poor, And the poor man loved the great: Then lands were fairly portioned; Then spoils were fairly sold: The Romans were like brothers In the brave days of old. Macaulay—Lays of Ancient Rome. Horatius. St. 32. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 827 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = Oh, shame to men! devil with devil damn'd Firm concord holds, men only disagree Of creatures rational. | author = Milton | work = Paradise Lost. | place = Bk. II. L. 496. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 827 }}

{{Hoyt quote | num = | text = The union of lakes—the union of lands— The union of States none can sever— The union of hearts—the union of hands— And the flag of our Union for ever! George P. Morris—The Flag of Our Union. | author = | work = | place = | note = | topic = | page = 827 }}


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254


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204 Homeward they come—let each hand and heart In a warm, glad welcome bear a part,— Let uncounted blessings and thanks go round, For the soldiers’ brows with laurels crowned. Hail to the heroes! each gallant one Who went at the call of the signal gun,— Glory shall place on its towering height Their stainless record all fair and bright.

And yet, as we number each brave band o’er, There are missing feet that return no more; And sadly we hush our tones of glee As we linger with thee, oh! memory. With chastened feelings our spirits tell How nobly they fought, how nobly they fell; And with folded wings o’er their calm, sweet rest, Hero and martyr, we deem them blest.


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42 mouth, to ride on his back, and to brush his huge teeth with a stiff broom.

Caliph’s great delight was to take his master on his broad back and plunge into the swimming pool.

Our critical friends say that a Hippopotamus is not intelligent enough to be trained; that they are vicious, are not to be trusted, and have no memory. I give you these facts to disprove their theory and to give the Hippo a square deal. I feel that he is a much maligned beast. Many of them are loving, gentle and faithful, if handled by those who love and want to understand them.

The Hippopotamus is found in the rivers and lakes of Africa. He and the Rhino are beasts of another era and do not belong to this age. But they are so very interesting we would be sorry to see them go.

The Hippo is certainly not handsome. He has a huge barrel body submerged in fat mounted on short stumpy legs and a gigantic head with a mouth of such enormous size and capacity as to be positively terrifying. The huge, horse-like nose is covered with stiff bristles, the nostrils flare

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 the queen was dead, 'and thus God preserved the protestants in Ireland.' This singular anecdote is related on the authority of Archbishop Ussher (, Hist. of Ireland, i. 308). Cardinal Pole constituted Cole one of the overseers of his will (, Eccl. Memorials, iii. 468).

He was one of the eight Roman catholic divines appointed to argue against the same number of protestants in the disputation which began at Westminster Abbey, 31 March 1559, before a great assembly of peers and members of the House of Commons. Cole was appointed spokesman of the catholic party, and on the first day defended the use of the Latin language in the public services of the church. Jewel, in a letter to Peter Martyr, says: 'I never heard any one rave after a more solemn and dictatorial manner. Had my friend Julius been present, he would have exclaimed a hundred times over, Poh! whoreson knave!' (, Works, iv. 1202, 1203). On the second day the conference was abruptly brought to a termination by the lord keeper (Bacon). Cole was fined five hundred marks for contempt, and then, or soon afterwards, lost all his preferments. On 20 May 1560 he was committed to the Tower, whence he was removed to the Fleet on 10 June following (, Diary, 235, 238). His subsequent history is involved in some uncertainty. It is said that he regained his liberty on 4 April 1574, but his name occurs in a list of prisoners in the Fleet in 1579. According to some accounts, he died in or near Wood Street compter in December that year; and, according to another statement, he was buried on 4 Feb. 1579-80. He was probably eighty years of age. It has, indeed, been asserted that he was in his eighty-seventh year, but this may be reasonably questioned.

Leland, the antiquary, who was personally acquainted with Cole, speaks of him in terms of high praise (Encomia, 79). Roger Ascham also commends him, remarking in a letter addressed to him: 'I have heard so much by common report of your erudition, and by Mr. Morysin of your humanity, that I must renounce all pretensions to learning if I did not esteem you, and be altogether inhuman if I did not love you' (Epistolœ, 261, 270). Strype, on the other hand, describes Cole as 'a person more earnest than wise.'

His works are:
 * 1) Disputation with Cranmer, Ridley, and Latimer at Oxford. In Foxe's 'Acts and Monuments.'
 * 2) The sum and effect of his sermon at Oxford, when Archbishop Cranmer was burnt. In Foxe's 'Acts and Monuments.'
 * 3) Answer to the first proposition of the protestants at the disputation before the lords at Westminster, 1559. Manuscript in library of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 121, p. 185; printed in Burnet's 'Hist. of the Reformation,' Records, pt. 2, b. 3, n. 4.
 * 4) 'Letters to John [Jewel], Bishop of Sarum, upon occasion of a Sermon that the said Bishop preached before the Queen's Majesty and her most honorable Counsell, an. 1560,' London, 1560, 8vo. Also in Jewel's 'Works.'
 * 5) 'Answer to certain parcels of the letters of the Bishop of Sarum' (respecting the said sermon). In Jewel's 'Works.'

 COLE, HENRY (1808–1882), official, was born at Bath 15 July 1808. He was the son of Captain Henry Robert Cole, then of the 1st dragoon guards, by his wife Lætitia Dormer. He was sent in 1817 to Christ's Hospital, and upon leaving school in 1823 became clerk to Francis (afterwards Sir Francis) Palgrave, and then a sub-commissioner under the record commission. Cole was employed in transcribing records, but found time to study water-colour painting under David Cox, and exhibited sketches at the Royal Academy. He lived with his father in a house belonging to Thomas Love Peacock, who retained two rooms in it, and became a friend of young Cole. Cole drew for him, helped him in writing critiques of musical performances, and was introduced by him to J. S. Mill, Charles Buller, and George Grote. The friends used to meet at Grote's house in Threadneedle Street for discussions twice a week. A new record commission was issued in 1831, and in 1833 Cole was appointed a sub-commissioner. The secretary, [q. v.], quarrelled with the commission, and with Cole, who applied to Charles Buller for protection. A committee of the House of Commons was appointed upon Buller's motion in 1836, which reported against the existing system, and the commission lapsed on the death of William IV, 20 June 1837. Cole wrote many articles in support of Buller. He was appointed by Lord Langdale, who, as master of the rolls, administered the affairs of the commission, to take charge of the records of the exchequer of pleas. The record office was constituted in 1838, and Cole became one of the four senior assistant-keepers. He


text: The Babyhood of Wild Beasts/Chapter 3

title: The Babyhood of Wild Beasts/Chapter 3


text: Observations on Man (6th edition)/Part I/Chapter III/Section II


text: Observations on Man (6th edition)/Part I/Chapter III/Section III