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 Shee told her, shee did plyght her fayth and help to her releef. Shee lifted up her head, and then with teares fast gushing out Beesloobered all her nurces brest: and going oft about To speake, shee often stayd: and with her garments hid her face For shame, and lastly sayd: O happye is my moothers cace That such a husband hath. With that a greevous sygh shee gave, And hilld her peace. Theis woordes of hers a trembling chilnesse drave In nurcis limbes, which perst her bones: (for now shee understood The cace) and all her horye heare up stiffly staring stood And many things she talkt to put away her cursed love, If that it had beene possible the madnesse to remove. The Mayd herself to be full trew the councell dooth espye: Yit if shee may not have her love shee fully myndes to dye. Live still (quoth nurce) thou shalt obteine (shee durst not say thy father, But stayd at that). And forbycause that Myrrha should the rather Beleeve her, shee confirmd her woordes by othe. The yeerely feast Of gentle Ceres came, in which the wyves bothe moste and least Appareld all in whyght are woont the firstlings of the feeld, Fyne garlonds made of eares of come, to Ceres for to yeeld. And for the space of thryce three nyghts they counted it a sin To have the use of any man, or once to towche his skin. Among theis women did the Queene freequent the secret rites. Now whyle that of his lawfull wyfe his bed was voyd a nightes, The nurce was dooble diligent: and fynding Cinyras Well washt with wyne, shee did surmyse there was a pretye lasse In love with him. And hyghly shee her beawty setteth out. And beeing asked of her yeeres, she sayd shee was about The age of Myrrha. Well (quoth he) then bring her to my bed. Returning home she sayd: bee glad my nurcechilde: we have sped. Not all so wholly in her hart was wretched Myrrha glad, But that her fore misgiving mynd did also make her sad. Howbee't shee also did rejoyce as in a certaine kynd, Such discord of affections was within her combred mynd. It was the tyme that all things rest. And now Bootes bryght, The driver of the Oxen seven, about the northpole pyght Had sumwhat turnd his wayne asyde, when wicked Myrrha sped About her buysnesse. Out of heaven the golden Phoebee fled.


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 With clowds more black than any pitch the starres did hyde their hed. The nyght beecommeth utter voyd of all her woonted lyght. And first before all other hid their faces out of syght Good Icar and Erigonee, his daughter, who for love Most vertuous to her fatherward, was taken up above And made a starre in heaven. Three tymes had Myrrha warning given By stumbling, to retyre. Three tymes the deathfull Owle that eeven With doolefull noyse prognosticates unhappie lucke. Yet came Shee forward still: the darknesse of the nyght abated shame. Her left hand held her nurce, her right the darke blynd way did grope. Anon shee to the chamber came: anon the doore was ope: Anon she entred in. With that her foltring hammes did quake: Her colour dyde: her blood and hart did cleerly her forsake. The neerer shee approched to her wickednesse, the more She trembled: of her enterpryse it irked her full sore: And fayne shee would shee might unknowen have turned back. Nurce led Her pawsing forward by the hand: and putting her to bed, Heere, take this Damzell, Cinyras, shee is thine owne, shee sed. And so shee layd them brest to brest. The wicked father takes His bowelles into filthy bed, and there with wordes asslakes The maydens feare, and cheeres her up. And lest this cryme of theyres Myght want the ryghtfull termes, by chaunce as in respect of yeeres He daughter did hir call, and shee him father. Beeing sped With cursed seede in wicked womb, shee left her fathers bed, Of which soone after shee became greate bagged with her shame. Next night the lewdnesse doubled. And no end was of the same, Untill at length that Cinyras desyrous for to knowe His lover that so many nyghts uppon him did bestowe, Did fetch a light: by which he sawe his owne most heynous cryme, And eeke his daughter. Nathelesse, his sorrow at that time Represt his speeche. Then hanging by he drew a Rapier bryght. Away ran Myrrha, and by meanes of darknesse of the nyght Shee was delivered from the death: and straying in the broade Datebearing feeldes of Arabye, shee through Panchaya yode, And wandring full nyne moonethes at length shee rested beeing tyrde In Saba land. And when the tyme was neere at hand expyrde, And that uneath the burthen of her womb shee well could beare,

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 Not knowing what she might desyre, distrest betweene the feare Of death, and tediousnesse of lyfe, this prayer shee did make: O Goddes, if of repentant folk you any mercye take, Sharpe vengeance I confesse I have deserved, and content I am to take it paciently. How bee it to th'entent That neyther with my lyfe the quick, nor with my death the dead Anoyed bee, from both of them exempt mee this same sted, And altring mee, deny to mee both lyfe and death. We see To such as doo confesse theyr faults sum mercy shewd to bee. The Goddes did graunt her this request, the last that she should make. The ground did overgrow hir feete, and ancles as she spake. And from her bursten toes went rootes, which wrything heere and there Did fasten so the trunk within the ground shee could not steare. Her bones did into timber turne, whereof the marie was The pith, and into watrish sappe the blood of her did passe. Her armes were turnd to greater boughes, her fingars into twig, Her skin was hardned into bark. And now her belly big The eatching tree had overgrowen, and overtane her brest, And hasted for to win her neck, and hyde it with the rest. Shee made no taryence nor delay, but met the comming tree, And shroonk her face within the barke therof. Although that shee Togither with her former shape her senses all did loose, Yit weepeth shee, and from her tree warme droppes doo softly woose. The which her teares are had in pryce and honour. And the Myrrhe That issueth from her gummy bark dooth beare the name of her, And shall doo whyle the world dooth last. The misbegotten chyld Grew still within the tree, and from his mothers womb defyld Sought meanes to bee delyvered. Her burthende womb did swell Amid the tree, and stretcht her out. But woordes wherwith to tell And utter foorth her greef did want. She had no use of speech With which Lucina in her throwes shee might of help beseech. Yit like a woman labring was the tree, and bowwing downe Gave often sighes, and shed foorth teares as though shee there should drowne. Lucina to this wofull tree came gently downe, and layd Her hand theron, and speaking woordes of ease the midwife playd. The tree did cranye, and the barke deviding made away, And yeelded out the chyld alyve, which cryde and wayld streyght way.


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 The waternymphes uppon the soft sweete hearbes the chyld did lay, And bathde him with his mothers teares. His face was such as spyght Must needes have praysd. For such he was in all condicions right, As are the naked Cupids that in tables picturde bee. But to th'entent he may with them in every poynt agree, Let eyther him bee furnisshed with wings and quiver light, Or from the Cupids take theyr wings and bowes and arrowes quight. Away slippes fleeting tyme unspyde and mocks us to our face, And nothing may compare with yeares in swiftnesse of theyr pace. That wretched imp whom wickedly his graundfather begate, And whom his cursed suster bare, who hidden was alate Within the tree, and lately borne, became immediatly The beawtyfullyst babe on whom man ever set his eye. Anon a stripling hee became, and by and by a man, And every day more beawtifull than other he becam, That in the end Dame Venus fell in love with him: wherby He did revenge the outrage of his mothers villanye. For as the armed Cupid kist Dame Venus, unbeware An arrow sticking out did raze hir brest uppon the bare. The Goddesse being wounded, thrust away her sonne. The wound Appeered not to bee so deepe as afterward was found. It did deceyve her at the first. The beawty of the lad Nor unto Paphos where the sea beats round about the shore, Inflaamd her. To Cythera Ile no mynd at all shee had. Nor fisshy Gnyde, nor Amathus that hath of metalls store. Yea even from heaven shee did absteyne. Shee lovd Adonis more Than heaven. To him shee clinged ay, and bare him companye. And in the shadowe woont shee was to rest continually, And for to set her beawtye out most seemely to the eye By trimly decking of her self. Through bushy grounds and groves, And over Hills and Dales, and Lawnds and stony rocks shee roves, Bare kneed with garment tucked up according to the woont Of Phebe, and shee cheerd the hounds with hallowing like a hunt, Pursewing game of hurtlesse sort, as Hares made lowe before, Or stagges with loftye heades, or bucks. But with the sturdy Boare And ravening woolf, and Bearewhelpes armd with ugly pawes, and eeke The cruell Lyons which delyght in blood, and slaughter seeke,


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 Shee meddled not. And of theis same shee warned also thee, Adonis, for to shoonne them, if thou wooldst have warned bee. Bee bold on cowards (Venus sayd) for whoso dooth advaunce Himselfe against the bold, may hap to meete with sum mischaunce. Wherfore I pray thee, my sweete boy, forbeare too bold to bee. For feare thy rashnesse hurt thy self and woork the wo of me Encounter not the kynd of beastes whom nature armed hath, For dowt thou buy thy prayse too deere procuring thee sum scath. Thy tender youth, thy beawty bryght, thy countnance fayre and brave Although they had the force to win the hart of Venus, have No powre ageinst the Lyons, nor ageinst the bristled swyne. The eyes and harts of savage beasts doo nought to theis inclyne. The cruell Boares beare thunder in theyr hooked tushes, and Exceeding force and feercenesse is in Lyons to withstand. And sure I hate them at my hart. To him demaunding why, A monstrous chaunce (quoth Venus) I will tell thee by and by, That hapned for a fault. But now unwoonted toyle hath made Mee weerye: and beholde, in tyme this Poplar with his shade Allureth, and the ground for cowch dooth serve to rest uppon. I prey thee let us rest us here. They sate them downe anon. And lying upward with her head uppon his lappe along, Shee thus began, and in her tale shee bussed him among: Perchaunce thou hast or this tyme heard of one that overcame The swiftest men in footemanshippe. No fable was that fame. She overcame them out of dowt. And hard it is to tell Thee whither she did in footemanshippe or beawty more excell. Uppon a season as she askt of Phebus, what he was That should her husband bee, he sayd: For husband doo not passe, O Atalanta, thou at all of husband hast no neede. Shonne husbanding. But yit thou canst not shonne it, I thee reede. Alyve thou shalt not be thy self. Shee being sore afrayd Of this Apollos Oracle, did keepe herself a mayd, And lived in the shady woodes. When wooers to her came, And were of her importunate, shee drave away the same With boystous woordes, and with the sore condition of the game. I am not to be had (quoth shee) onlesse yee able bee In ronning for to vanquish mee. Yee must contend with mee


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 In footemanshippe. And who so winnes the wager, I agree To bee his wife. But if that he bee found too slowe, then hee Shall lose his head. This of your game the verrye law shall bee. Shee was in deede unmercifull. But such is beawties powre, That though the sayd condition were extreme and over sowre, Yit many suters were so rash to undertake the same. Hippomenes as a looker on of this uncurteous game, Sate by, and sayd: Is any man so mad to seeke a wyfe With such apparant perill and the hazard of his lyfe? And utterly he did condemne the yongmens love. But when He saw her face and bodye bare, (for why the Lady then Did strippe her to her naked skin) the which was like to myne, Or rather (if that thou wert made a woman) like to thyne: He was amazde. And holding up his hands to heaven, he sayth: Forgive mee you with whom I found such fault even now: in fayth I did not know the wager that yee ran for. As hee prayseth The beawty of her, in himselfe the fyre of love he rayseth. And through an envy fearing lest shee should away be woonne, He wisht that nere a one of them so swift as shee might roonne. And wherfore (quoth hee) put not I myself in preace to trye The fortune of this wager? God himself continually Dooth help the bold and hardye sort. Now whyle Hippomenes Debates theis things within himselfe and other like to these, The Damzell ronnes as if her feete were wings. And though that shee Did fly as swift as arrow from a Turkye bowe: yit hee More woondred at her beawtye than at swiftnesse of her pace. Her ronning greatly did augment her beawtye and her grace. The wynd ay whisking from her feete the labells of her socks Uppon her back as whyght as snowe did tosse her golden locks, And eeke th'embroydred garters that were tyde beneathe her ham. A rednesse mixt with whyght uppon her tender bodye cam, As when a scarlet curtaine streynd ageinst a playstred wall Dooth cast like shadowe, making it seeme ruddye therwithall. Now whyle he straunger noted this, the race was fully ronne, And Atalant (as shee that had the wager cleerely wonne) Was crowned with a garlond brave. The vanquisht sighing sore, Did lose theyr lyves according to agreement made before.


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 Howbeeit nought at all dismayd with theis mennes lucklesse cace He stepped foorth, and looking full uppon the maydens face, Sayd: Wherfore doost thou seeke renowne in vanquisshing of such As were but dastards? Cope with mee. If fortune bee so much My freend to give mee victorie, thou needest not hold scorne To yeeld to such a noble man as I am. I am borne The sonne of noble Megaree, Onchestyes sonne, and hee Was sonne to Neptune. Thus am I great graundchyld by degree In ryght descent, of him that rules the waters. Neyther doo I out of kynd degenerate from vertue meete therto, Or if my fortune bee so hard as vanquisht for to bee, Thou shalt obteine a famous name by overcomming mee. In saying thus, Atlanta cast a gentle looke on him: And dowting whither shee rather had to lose the day or win, Sayd thus: What God, an enmy to the beawtyfull, is bent To bring this person to his end, and therefore hath him sent To seeke a wyfe with hazard of his lyfe? If I should bee Myselfe the judge in this behalfe, there is not sure in mee That dooth deserve so deerely to bee earned. Neyther dooth His beawty moove my hart at all. Yit is it such in sooth As well might moove mee. But bycause as yit a chyld he is, His person mooves mee not so much as dooth his age Iwis. Beesydes that manhod is in him, and mynd unfrayd of death: Beesydes that of the watrye race from Neptune as he seth He is the fowrth: beesydes that he dooth love mee, and dooth make So great accompt to win mee to his wyfe, that for my sake He is contented for to dye, if fortune bee so sore Ageinst him to denye him mee. Thou straunger hence therfore. Away, I say, now whyle thou mayst, and shonne my bloody bed. My mariage cruell is, and craves the losing of thy hed. There is no wench but that would such a husband gladly catch. And shee that wyse were myght desyre to meete with such a match. But why now after heading of so many, doo I care For thee? Looke thou to that. For sith so many men as are Alreadye put to slawghter can not warne thee to beeware, But that thou wilt bee weerye of thy lyfe, dye: doo not spare. And shall he perrish then bycause he sought to live with mee?


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 And for his love unwoorthely wvith death rewarded bee? All men of such a victory will speake too foule a shame. But all the world can testifye that I am not to blame. Would God thou wouldst desist. Or else bycause thou are so mad, I would to God a little more thy feete of swiftnesse had. Ah what a maydens countenance is in this chyldish face. Ah, foolish boy Hippomenes, how wretched is thy cace. I would thou never hadst mee seene. Thou woorthy art of lyfe. And if so bee I happy were, and that to bee a wyfe The cruell destnyes had not mee forbidden, sure thou art The onely wyght with whom I would bee matcht with all my hart. This spoken: shee yit rawe and but new striken with the dart Of Cupid, beeing ignorant, did love and knew it nat. Anon her father and the folk assembled, willed that They should begin theyr woonted race. Then Neptunes issue prayd With carefull hart and voyce to mee, and thus devoutly sayd: O Venus, favour myne attempt, and send mee downe thyne ayd To compasse my desyred love which thou hast on mee layd. His prayer movd mee (I confesse,) and long I not delayd Before I helpt him. Now there is a certaine feeld the which The Cyprian folk call Damasene, most fertile and most rich Of all the Cyprian feelds: the same was consecrate to mee In auncient tyme, and of my Church the glebland woont to bee. Amid this feeld, with golden leaves there growes a goodly tree The crackling boughes whereof are all of yellew gold. I came And gathered golden Apples three: and bearing thence the same Within my hand, immediatly to Hippomen I gat Invisible to all wyghts else save him and taught him what To doo with them. The Trumpets blew: and girding forward, both Set foorth, and on the hovering dust with nimble feete eche goth. A man would think they able were uppon the Sea to go And never wet theyr feete, and on the ayles of come also That still is growing in the feeld, and never downe them tread. The man tooke courage at the showt and woordes of them that sed: Now, now is tyme, Hippomenes, to ply it, hye apace: Enforce thyself with all thy strength: lag not in any cace: Thou shalt obteine. It is a thing ryght dowtfull whither hee


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VII.] grammatical gender has been shown in a previous lecture (the third  ); we still keep up a linguistic distinction of natural gender by the use of our generic pronouns of the third person, he, she, and it; the modern Persian has abandoned even that, and the consideration of sex no longer enters into it in any way, save in the vocabulary, in the use of such words as son and daughter, bull and cow. Of the other modern tongues of the family, some, like these two, have eliminated from their grammatical systems the distinctions of gender; some, like the French, have reduced the three genders to two, by effacing the differences of masculine and neuter; but the larger part, like the German, still faithfully adhere to the inherited distinction of masculine, feminine, and neuter, so long ago established.

The ancient Indo-European language made no difference, as regarded declension, between its two classes of nouns, nouns substantive and nouns adjective. In their genesis, the two are but one; the same suffixes, to no small extent, form both; each passes by the most easy and natural transfer into the other; whether a given word indicating the possession of quality should be used attributively or predicatively, or as an appellative, was a question of subordinate consequence. The pronouns, also, both substantive and adjective, were inflected by a declension mainly corresponding, although marked by some peculiarities, and tending earlier to irregular forms.

With conjugation and declension, the subject of grammatical structure is, in fact, as good as exhausted: everything in language is originally either verb or noun. To the other parts of speech, then, which have been developed out of these, we shall need to give but a brief consideration.

Adverbs, the most ancient and necessary class of indeclinable words, or particles, are by origin, in the earliest stage of language as in the latest, forms of declension, cases of substantives, or adjectives, or pronouns. We have seen already how our adverbs in ly were elaborated out of former oblique cases (instrumentals) of adjectives in lîc ('like'); so also the usual adverbial ending ment of the Romanic languages is the Latin ablative mente, 'with mind' (thus,


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 At theis well willing woordes of theyrs rejoysed more, or shee.


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 For old religion, not unlike a cave: wher priests of yore Bestowed had of Images of wooden Goddes good store. Hippomenes entring herinto defyld the holy place, With his unlawfull lust: from which the Idolls turnd theyr face. And Cybell with the towred toppes disdeyning, dowted whither Shee in the lake of Styx might drowne the wicked folk togither. The pennance seemed over lyght. And therefore shee did cawse Thinne yellow manes to growe uppon theyr necks: and hooked pawes In stead of fingars to succeede. Theyr shoulders were the same They were before: with woondrous force deepe brested they became. Theyr looke beecame feerce, cruell, grim, and sowre: a tufted tayle Stretcht out in length farre after them upon the ground dooth trayle. In stead of speech they rore: in stead of bed they haunt the wood: And dreadful unto others they for all theyr cruell moode With tamed teeth chank Cybells bitts in shape of Lyons. Shonne Theis beastes deere hart: and not from theis alonely see thou ronne, But also from eche other beast that turnes not backe to flight But offreth with his boystows brest to try the chaunce of fyght: Lest that thyne overhardinesse bee hurtfull to us both. This warning given, with yoked swannes away through aire she goth. But manhod by admonishment restreyned could not bee. By chaunce his hounds in following of the tracke, a Boare did see, And rowsed him. And as the swyne was comming from the wood, Adonis hit him with a dart askew, and drew the blood. The Boare streyght with his hooked groyne the hunting staffe out drew Bestayned with his blood, and on Adonis did pursew. Who trembling and retyring back, to place of refuge drew. And hyding in his codds his tuskes as farre as he could thrust He layd him all along for dead uppon the yellow dust. Dame Venus in her chariot drawen with swannes was scarce arrived At Cyprus, when shee knew afarre the sygh of him depryved Of lyfe. Shee turnd her Cygnets backe and when shee from the skye Beehilld him dead, and in his blood beweltred for to lye: Shee leaped downe, and tare at once hir garments from her brist, And rent her heare, and beate upon her stomack with her fist,


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 And blaming sore the destnyes, sayd: Yit shall they not obteine Their will in all things. Of my greefe remembrance shall remayne (Adonis) whyle the world doth last. From yeere to yeere shall growe A thing that of my heavinesse and of thy death shall showe The lively likenesse. In a flowre thy blood I will bestowe. Hadst thou the powre, Persephonee, rank sented Mints to make Of womens limbes? and may not I lyke powre upon mee take Without disdeine and spyght, to turne Adonis to a flowre? This sed, shee sprinckled Nectar on the blood, which through the powre Therof did swell like bubbles sheere that ryse in weather cleere On water. And before that full an howre expyred weere, Of all one colour with the blood a flowre she there did fynd Even like the flowre of that same tree whose frute in tender rynde Have pleasant graynes inclosde. Howbee't the use of them is short. For why the leaves do hang so looce through lightnesse in such sort, As that the windes that all things perce, with every little blast Doo shake them off and shed them so as that they cannot last.


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  college he acted for three years as classical assistant in the school of his uncles, G. and R. Gregory, at Lower Edmonton. In June 1809 he attracted some notice at the annual association of general baptist churches held at Quorndon, Leicestershire, by urging the formation of a baptist missionary society. In 1810 he accepted the pastorate of the Baptist church, Brook Street, Derby, and, to supplement his income, kept a boarding-school for a few years. A new chapel was opened in April 1815 three times as large as the first; in four years it was enlarged; and in 1842 it was wholly rebuilt on a new site.

In the early days of his pastorate a native missionary at Serampore had been supported by Pike's church. At the annual association at Boston, Lincolnshire, in June 1816, his earlier proposal was accepted, and the General Baptist Missionary Society formed. He was appointed first secretary, and issued a small pamphlet on missions on behalf of the committee. In 1819 he undertook a preaching tour in Lincolnshire and Cambridgeshire, to excite a missionary spirit, and undertook the training of young missionaries in his family. From January 1822 he was editor of the ‘Missionary Observer,’ which was appended to ‘The General Baptist Repository.’ He died suddenly at Derby on 4 Sept. 1854. By his wife Sarah (d. 1848), daughter of James Sandars of Derby, whom he married on 22 June 1811, Pike had four sons—all of whom became baptist ministers—and two daughters.

Pike showed some independence of thought amid many strongly marked prejudices. He opposed catholic emancipation. His religious books and tracts had a wide circulation here and in America. It was estimated that over six hundred thousand copies of his works were circulated in America, and at least eight hundred thousand at home. The copyrights of the most popular he presented to the Religious Tract Society and American Tract Society in 1847. The chief were:
 * 1) ‘A Catechism of Scriptural Instruction for Young Persons,’ 1816.
 * 2) ‘The Consolations of Gospel Truth,’ London, 1817; 2nd edit. Derby, 1818; vol. ii. Derby, 1820; a selection entitled ‘True Happiness’ was issued at Derby and London, 1822 and 1830, 32mo.
 * 3) ‘Persuasives to Early Piety,’ Derby, 1819; London and Derby, 1821 and 1830; also by the Religious Tract Society, London, no date, and the American Tract Society, New York, no date. An abridgment was published at Derby in 1837, and a French translation by the Toulouse Book Society in 1841. This was Pike's most popular work. ‘A Guide for Young Disciples of the Holy Saviour,’ 1823, was a sequel.
 * 4) ‘Swedenborgianism depicted,’ 1820; answered by the Swedenborgian  [q. v.]
 * 5) ‘Religion and Eternal Life,’ Derby and London, 1834; by the American Tract Society, New York, 1835.
 * 6) ‘Christian Liberality in the Distribution of Property,’ Religious Tract Society, London, 1836.

‘A Memoir and Remains,’ with portrait, of Pike was edited by his sons, John Baxter and James Carey Pike, London, 1855, 8vo. ‘Sermons and Sketches,’ with short memoir abridged from the former, was published in London in 1861, 16mo; and in 1862 and 1863 a complete edition of his works, with biographical sketch, was published in parts.

PIKE or PEAKE, RICHARD (fl. 1625), adventurer, born at Tavistock, Devonshire, took part as a common soldier in the attack on Algiers which was made by a force under the command of Sir Robert Mansell in the winter of 1620–1. After some leisure at home, Pike in the autumn of 1625 joined as a volunteer the expedition to Cadiz, and, sailing in the Convertine with Captain Thomas Portar, arrived at Cadiz on 22 Oct. 1625. After taking part in the capture of the fort of Puntal, at the entrance to the harbour, he sallied out into the neighbouring country, unaccompanied, to gather oranges, and was made prisoner, after a smart encounter with fourteen Spanish musketeers. The Earl of Essex, the vice-admiral, learning of the mishap, vainly offered to ransom him; and the English fleet sailed away on the 27th without him. Pike was sent to Xerez, and was brought before the Duke of Medina-Sidonia and other Spanish dignitaries, who closely examined him as to the equipment and future intentions of the English ships. Angered by his questioners' importunity, he accepted an offer which they mockingly made him to fight a Spanish champion in a hand-to-hand combat with rapier and poniards. Pike easily disarmed his opponent. Thereupon, armed with a quarter-staff, which he described as his national weapon, he gave battle to three Spaniards armed with rapiers and poniards. He killed one of his foes and disarmed the other two. His judges were so much impressed by his prowess that they gave


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Ow whyle the Thracian Poet with this song delyghts the mynds Of savage beastes, and drawes both stones and trees ageynst their kynds, Behold the wyves of Ciconie with red deer skinnes about Their furious brists as in the feeld they gadded on a rout, Espyde him from a hillocks toppe still singing to his harp. Of whom one shooke her head at him, and thus began to carp: Behold (sayes shee) behold yoon same is he that doth disdeine Us women. And with that same woord shee sent her lawnce amayne At Orphyes singing mouth. The Lawnce armd round about with leaves, Did hit him, and without a wound a marke behynd it leaves. ' Another threw a stone at him, which vanquisht with his sweete And most melodius harmonye, fell humbly at his feete As sorye for the furious act it purposed. But rash And heady ryot out of frame all reason now did dash, And frantik outrage reigned. Yit had the sweetenesse of his song Appeasd all weapons, saving that the noyse now growing strong With blowing shalmes, and beating drummes, and bedlem howling out, And clapping hands on every syde by Bacchus drunken rout, Did drowne the sownd of Orphyes harp. Then first of all stones were Made ruddy with the prophets blood, and could not give him eare. And first the flocke of Bacchus froes by violence brake the ring Of Serpents, birds, and savage beastes that for to heere him sing Sate gazing round about him there. And then with bluddy hands They ran uppon the prophet who among them singing stands. They flockt about him like as when a sort of birds have found An Owle a daytymes in a tod: and hem him in full round, As when a Stag by hungrye hownds is in a morning found, The which forestall him round about and pull him to the ground. Even so the prophet they assayle, and throwe their Thyrses greene At him, which for another use than that invented beene. Sum cast mee clods, sum boughes of trees, and sum threw stones. And lest That weapons wherwithall to wreake theyr woodnesse which increast Should want, it chaunst that Oxen by were tilling of the ground And labring men with brawned armes not farre fro thence were found


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 A digging of the hardned earth, and earning of theyr food, With sweating browes. They seeing this same rout, no longer stood, But ran away and left theyr tooles behynd them. Every where Through all the feeld theyr mattocks, rakes, and shovells scattred were. Which when the cruell feends had caught, and had asunder rent The horned Oxen, backe ageine to Orphy ward they went, And (wicked wights) they murthred him, who never till that howre Did utter woordes in vaine, nor sing without effectuall powre. And through that mouth of his (oh lord) which even the stones had heard, And unto which the witlesse beastes had often given regard, His ghost then breathing into aire, departed. Even the fowles Were sad for Orphye, and the beast with sorye syghing howles: The rugged stones did moorne for him, the woods which many a tyme Had followed him to heere him sing, bewayled this same cryme. Yea even the trees lamenting him did cast theyr leavy heare. The rivers also with theyr teares (men say) encreased were. Yea and the Nymphes of brookes and woods uppon theyr streames did sayle With scattred heare about theyr eares, in boats with sable sayle. His members lay in sundrie steds. His head and harp both cam To Hebrus, and (a woondrous thing) as downe the streame they swam, His Harp did yeeld a moorning sound: his livelesse toong did make A certeine lamentable noyse as though it still yit spake, And bothe the banks in moorning wyse made answer to the same. At length adowne theyr country streame to open sea they came, And lyghted on Methymnye shore in Lesbos land. And there No sooner on the forreine coast now cast aland they were, But that a cruell naturde Snake did streyght uppon them fly, And licking on his ruffled heare the which was dropping drye, Did gape to tyre uppon those lippes that had beene woont to sing Most heavenly hymnes. But Phebus streyght preventing that same thins, Dispoynts the Serpent of his bit, and turnes him into stone With gaping chappes. Already was the Ghost of Orphye gone To Plutos realme, and there he all the places eft beehild The which he heretofore had seene. And as he sought the feeld Of fayre Elysion (where the soules of godly folk doo woonne,) He found his wyfe Eurydicee, to whom he streyght did roonne,


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 And hilld her in imbracing armes. There now he one while walks Togither with hir cheeke by cheeke: another while he stalks Before her, and another whyle he followeth her. And now Without all kinde of forfeyture he saufly myght avow His looking backward at his wyfe. But Bacchus greeved at The murther of the Chapleine of his Orgies, suffred not The mischeef unrevengd to bee. For by and by he bound The Thracian women by the feete with writhen roote in ground, As many as consenting to this wicked act were found. And looke how much that eche of them the prophet did pursew, So much he sharpening of their toes, within the ground them drew. And as the bird that fynds her legs besnarled in the net The which the fowlers suttletye hathe clocely for her set, And feeles shee cannot get away, stands flickering with her wings, And with her fearefull leaping up drawes clocer still the strings: So eche of theis when in the ground they fastned were, assayd Aflayghted for to fly away. But every one was stayd With winding roote which hilld her downe. Her frisking could not boote. And whyle she lookte what was become of Toe, of nayle, and foote, Shee sawe her leggs growe round in one, and turning into woode. And as her thyghes with violent hand shee sadly striking stoode, Shee felt them tree: her brest was tree: her shoulders eeke were tree. Her armes long boughes yee myght have thought, and not deceyved bee. But Bacchus was not so content: he quyght forsooke their land: And with a better companye removed out of hand Unto the Vyneyarde of his owne mount Tmolus, and the river Pactolus though as yit no streames of gold it did deliver, Ne spyghted was for precious sands. His olde accustomd rout Of woodwards and of franticke froes envyrond him about. But old Silenus was away. The Phrygian ploughmen found Him reeling bothe for droonkennesse and age, and brought him bound With garlands unto Midas, king of Phrygia, unto whom The Thracian Orphye and the preest Eumolphus comming from The towne of Athens erst had taught the Orgies. When he knew His fellowe and companion of the selfesame badge and crew, Uppon the comming of this guest, he kept a feast the space Of twyce fyve dayes and twyce fyve nyghts togither in that place.


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 And now th'eleventh tyme Lucifer had mustred in the sky The heavenly host, when Midas commes to Lydia jocundly And yeeldes the old Silenus to his fosterchyld. He, glad That he his fosterfather had eftsoones recovered, bad King Midas ask him what he would. Right glad of that was hee, But not a whit at latter end the better should he bee. He minding to misuse his giftes, sayd: Graunt that all and some The which my body towcheth bare may yellow gold become. God Bacchus graunting his request, his hurtfull gift performd, And that he had not better wisht he in his stomacke stormd. Rejoycing in his harme away full merye goes the king: And for to try his promis true he towcheth every thing. Scarce giving credit to himself, he pulled yoong greene twiggs From off an Holmetree: by and by all golden were the spriggs. He tooke a flintstone from the ground, the stone likewyse became Pure gold. He towched next a clod of earth, and streight the same By force of towching did become a wedge of yellow gold. He gathered eares of rypened come: immediatly beholde The come was gold. An Apple then he pulled from a tree: Yee would have thought the Hesperids had given it him. If hee On Pillars high his fingars layd, they glistred like the sonne. The water where he washt his hands did from his hands so ronne, As Danae might have beene therwith beguyld. He scarce could hold His passing joyes within his harr, for making all things gold. Whyle he thus joyd, his officers did spred the boord anon, And set downe sundry sorts of meate and mancheate theruppon. Then whither his hand did towch the bread, the bread was massy gold: Or whither he chawde with hungry teeth his meate, yee might behold The peece of meate betweene his jawes a plat of gold to bee. In drinking wine and water mixt, yee myght discerne and see The liquid gold ronne downe his throte. Amazed at the straunge Mischaunce, and being both a wretch and rich, he wisht to chaunge His riches for his former state, and now he did abhorre The thing which even but late before he cheefly longed for. No meate his hunger slakes: his throte is shrunken up with thurst: And justly dooth his hatefull gold torment him as accurst. Then lifting up his sory armes and handes to heaven, he cryde:


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 O father Bacchus, pardon mee. My sinne I will not hyde. Have mercy, I beseech thee, and vouchsauf to rid mee quyght From this same harme that seemes so good and glorious unto syght. The gentle Bacchus streight uppon confession of his cryme Restored Midas to the state hee had in former tyme. And having made performance of his promis, hee beereft him The gift that he had graunted him. And lest he should have left him Beedawbed with the dregges of that same gold which wickedly Hee wished had, he willed him to get him by and by To that great ryver which dooth ronne by Sardis towne, and there Along the chanell up the streame his open armes to beare Untill he commeth to the spring: and then his head to put Full underneathe the foming spowt where greatest was the gut, And so in washing of his limbes to wash away his cryme. The king (as was commaunded him) ageinst the streame did clyme. And streyght the powre of making gold departing quyght from him, Infects the ryver, making it with golden streame to swim. The force whereof the bankes about so soked in theyr veynes, That even as yit the yellow gold uppon the cloddes remaynes. Then Midas, hating riches, haunts the pasturegrounds and groves, And up and down with Pan among the Lawnds and mountaines roves. But still a head more fat than wyse, and doltish wit he hath, The which as erst, yit once againe must woork theyr mayster scath. The mountayne Tmole from loftye toppe to seaward looketh downe, And spreading farre his boorely sydes, extendeth to the towne Of Sardis with the t'one syde and to Hypep with the tother. There Pan among the fayrye elves that dawnced round togither In setting of his conning out for singing and for play Uppon his pype of reedes and wax, presuming for to say Apollos musick was not like to his, did take in hand A farre unequall match, wherof the Tmole for judge should stand. The auncient judge sitts downe uppon his hill, and ridds his eares From trees, and onely on his head an Oken garlond weares, Wherof the Acornes dangled downe about his hollow brow. And looking on the God of neate he sayd: Yee neede not now To tarry longer for your judge. Then Pan blew lowd and strong His country pype of reedes, and with his rude and homely song


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 Delighted Midas eares, for he by chaunce was in the throng. When Pan had doone, the sacred Tmole to Phebus turnd his looke, And with the turning of his head his busshye heare he shooke. Then Phebus with a crowne of Bay uppon his golden heare Did sweepe the ground with scarlet robe. In left hand he did beare His viol made of precious stones and Ivorye intermixt. And in his right hand for to strike, his bowe was redy fixt. He was the verrye paterne of a good Musician ryght Anon he gan with conning hand the tuned strings to smyght. The sweetenesse of the which did so the judge of them delyght, That Pan was willed for to put his Reedepype in his cace, And not to fiddle nor to sing where viols were in place. The judgement of the holy hill was lyked well of all, Save Midas, who found fault therwith and wrongfull did it call. ' Apollo could not suffer well his foolish eares to keepe Theyr humaine shape, but drew them wyde, and made them long and deepe. And filld them full of whytish heares, and made them downe to sag, And through too much unstablenesse continually to wag. His body keeping in the rest his manly figure still, Was ponnisht in the part that did offend for want of skill. And so a slowe paaste Asses eares his heade did after beare. This shame endevereth he to hyde. And therefore he did weare A purple nyghtcappe ever since. But yit his Barber who Was woont to notte him spyed it: and beeing eager to Disclose it, when he neyther durst to utter it, nor could It keepe in secret still, he went and digged up the mowld, And whispring softly in the pit, declaard what eares hee spyde His mayster have, and turning downe the clowre ageine, did hyde His blabbed woordes within the ground, and closing up the pit Departed thence and never made mo woordes at all of it. Soone after, there began a tuft of quivering reedes to growe Which beeing rype bewrayd theyr seede and him that did them sowe. For when the gentle sowtherne wynd did lyghtly on them blowe, They uttred foorth the woordes that had beene buried in the ground And so reprovde the Asses eares of Midas with theyr sound. Apollo after this revenge from Tmolus tooke his flyght: And sweeping through the ayre, did on the selfsame syde alvght


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 Of Hellespontus, in the Realme of king Laomedon. There stoode uppon the right syde of Sigaeum, and uppon The left of Rhetye cliffe that tyme, an Altar buylt of old To Jove that heereth all mennes woordes. Heere Phebus did behold The foresayd king Laomedon beginning for to lay Foundation of the walles of Troy: which woork from day to day Went hard and slowly forward, and requyrd no little charge, Then he togither with the God that rules the surges large, Did put themselves in shape of men, and bargaynd with the king Of Phrygia for a summe of gold his woork to end to bring. Now when the woork was done, the king theyr wages them denayd, And falsly faaste them downe with othes it was not as they sayd. Thou shalt not mock us unrevendgd (quoth Neptune). And anon He caused all the surges of the sea to rush uppon The shore of covetous Troy, and made the countrye like the deepe. The goodes of all the husbandmen away he quight did sweepe, And overwhelmd theyr feeldes with waves. And thinking this too small A pennance for the falsehod, he demaunded therwithall His daughter for a monster of the Sea. Whom beeing bound Untoo a rocke, stout Hercules delivering saufe and sound, Requyrd his steeds which were the hyre for which he did compound. And when that of so great desert the king denyde the hyre. The twyce forsworne false towne of Troy he sacked in his ire. And Telamon in honour of his service did enjoy. The Lady Hesion, daughter of the covetous king of Troy. For Peleus had already got a Goddesse to his wife, And lived unto both theyr joyes a right renowmed lyfe. And sure he was not prowder of his graundsyre, than of thee That wert become his fathrinlaw. For many mo than hee Have had the hap of mighty Jove the nephewes for to bee. But never was it heeretofore the chaunce of any one To have a Goddesse to his wyfe, save only his alone. For unto watry Thetis thus old Protew did foretell: Go marry: thou shalt beare a sonne whose dooings shall excell His fathers farre in feates of armes, and greater he shall bee In honour, high renowme, and fame, than ever erst was hee. This caused Jove the watry bed of Thetis to forbeare


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 Although his hart were more than warme with love of her, for feare The world sum other greater thing than Jove himself should breede, And willd the sonne of Aeacus this Peleus to succeede In that which he himself would faine have done, and for to take The Lady of the sea in armes a mother her to make. There is a bay of Thessaly that bendeth lyke a boawe. The sydes shoote foorth, where if the sea of any depth did flowe It were a haven. Scarcely dooth the water hyde the sand. It hath a shore so firme, that if a man theron doo stand, No print of foote remaynes behynd: it hindreth not ones pace, Ne covered is with hovering reeke. Adjoyning to this place, There is a grove of Myrtletrees with frute of dowle colour, And in the midds thereof a Cave. I can not tell you whither That nature or the art of man were maker of the same. It seemed rather made by arte. Oft Thetis hither came Starke naked, ryding bravely on a brydled Dolphins backe. There Peleus as shee lay asleepe uppon her often bracke. And forbycause that at her handes entreatance nothing winnes, He folding her about the necke with both his armes, beginnes To offer force. And surely if shee had not falne to wyles And shifted oftentymes her shape, he had obteind erewhyles. But shee became sumtymes a bird: he hilld her like a bird. Anon shee was a massye log: but Peleus never stird A whit for that. Then thirdly shee of speckled Tyger tooke The ugly shape: for feare of whose most feerce and cruell looke, His armes he from her body twicht. And at his going thence, In honour of the watry Goddes he burned frankincence, And powred wyne uppon the sea, with fat of neate and sheepe: Untill the prophet that dooth dwell within Carpathian deepe, Sayd thus: Thou sonne of Aeacus, thy wish thou sure shalt have Alonely when shee lyes asleepe within her pleasant Cave, Cast grinnes to trappe her unbewares: hold fast with snarling knot: And though shee fayne a hundreth shapes, deceyve thee let her not. But sticke unto't what ere it bee, untill the tyme that shee Returneth to the native shape shee erst was woont to bee. When Protew thus had sed, within the sea he duckt his head, And suffred on his latter woordes the water for to spred.


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 The lyghtsum Titan downeward drew, and with declyning chayre Approched to the westerne sea, when Neryes daughter fayre Returning from the sea, resorts to her accustomd cowch. And Peleus scarcely had begon hir naked limbes to towch, But that shee chaungd from shape to shape, untill at length shee found Herself surprysd. Then stretching out her armes with sighes profound, She sayd: Thou overcommest mee, and not without the ayd Of God. And then she, Thetis like, appeerd in shape of mayd. The noble prince imbracing her obteynd her at his will, To both theyr joyes, and with the great Achylles did her fill. A happye wyght was Peleus in his wyfe: a happy wyght Was Peleus also in his sonne. And if yee him acquight Of murthring Phocus, happy him in all things count yee myght. But giltye of his brothers blood, and bannisht for the same From bothe his fathers house and Realme, to Trachin sad he came. The sonne of lyghtsum Lucifer, king Ceyx (who in face Exprest the lively beawtye of his fathers heavenly grace,) Without all violent rigor and sharpe executions reignd In Trachin. He right sad that tyme unlike himself, remaynd Yit moorning for his brothers chaunce transformed late before. When Peleus thither came, with care and travayle tyred sore, He left his cattell and his sheepe (whereof he brought great store) Behynd him in a shady vale not farre from Trachin towne, And with a little companye himself went thither downe. Assoone as leave to come to Court was graunted him, he bare A braunche of Olyf in his hand, and humbly did declare His name and lynage. Onely of his crime no woord hee spake, But of his flyght another cause pretensedly did make: Desyring leave within his towne or countrye to abyde. The king of Trachin gently thus to him ageine replyde: Our bownty to the meanest sort (O Peleus) dooth extend: Wee are not woont the desolate our countrye to forfend. And though I bee of nature most inclyned good to doo: Thyne owne renowme, thy graundsyre Jove are forcements thereunto. Misspend no longer tyme in sute. I gladly doo agree To graunt thee what thou wilt desyre. Theis things that thou doost see I would thou should account them as thyne owne, such as they bee


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 I would they better were. With that he weeped. Peleus and His freends desyred of his greef the cause to understand. He answerd thus: Perchaunce yee think this bird that lives by pray And putts all other birds in feare had wings and fethers ay. He was a man. And as he was right feerce in feats of armes, And stout and readye bothe to wreake and also offer harmes: So was he of a constant mynd. Daedalion men him hyght. Our father was that noble starre that brings the morning bryght, And in the welkin last of all gives place to Phebus lyght. My study was to maynteine peace, in peace was my delyght, And for to keepe mee true to her to whom my fayth is plyght. My brother had felicite in warre and bloody fyght. His prowesse and his force which now dooth chase in cruell flyght The Dooves of Thisbye since his shape was altred thus anew, Ryght puyssant Princes and theyr Realmes did heeretofore subdew. He had a chyld calld Chyone, whom nature did endew With beawtye so, that when to age of fowreteene yeeres shee grew, A thousand Princes liking her did for hir favour sew. By fortune as bryght Phebus and the sonne of Lady May Came t'one from Delphos, toother from mount Cyllen, by the way They saw her bothe at once, and bothe at once were tane in love. Apollo till the tyme of nyght differd his sute to move. But Hermes could not beare delay. He stroked on the face The mayden with his charmed rod which hath the powre to chace And bring in sleepe: the touch whereof did cast her in so dead A sleepe, that Hermes by and by his purpose of her sped. As soone as nyght with twinckling starres the welkin had beesprent, Apollo in an old wyves shape to Chyon clocely went, And tooke the pleasure which the sonne of Maya had forehent. Now when shee full her tyme had gone, shee bare by Mercurye A sonne that hyght Awtolychus, who provde a wyly pye, And such a fellow as in theft and filching had no peere. He was his fathers owne sonne right: he could mennes eyes so bleere, As for to make the black things whyghlt, and whyght things black appeere. And by Apollo (for shee bare a payre) was borne his brother Philammon, who in musick arte excelled farre all other, As well in singing as in play. But what avayled it


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 To beare such twinnes, and of two Goddes in favour to have sit? And that shee to her father had a stowt and valeant knight, Or that her graundsyre was the sonne of Jove that God of might? Dooth glorie hurt to any folk? It surely hurted her. For standing in her owne conceyt shee did herself prefer Before Diana, and dispraysd her face, who there with all Inflaamd with wrath, sayd: Well, with deedes we better please her shall. Immediatly shee bent her bowe, and let an arrow go, Which strake her through the toong, whose spight deserved wounding so. Her toong wext dumb, her speech gan fayle that erst was over ryfe, And as shee stryved for to speake, away went blood and lyfe. How wretched was I then, O God? how strake it to my hart? What woordes of comfort did I speake to ease my brothers smart? To which he gave his eare as much as dooth the stony rocke To hideous roring of the waves that doo against it knocke. There was no measure nor none ende in making of his mone, Nor in bewayling comfortlesse his daughter that was gone. But when he sawe her bodye burne, fowre tymes with all his myght He russhed foorth to thrust himself amid the fyre in spyght. Fowre tymes hee beeing thence repulst, did put himself to flyght. And ran mee wheras was no way, as dooth a Bullocke when A hornet stings him in the necke. Mee thought hee was as then More wyghter farre than any man. Yee would have thought his feete Had had sum wings. So fled he quyght from all, and being fleete Through eagernesse to dye, he gat to mount Parnasos knappe And there Apollo pitying him and rewing his missehappe, When as Daedalion from the cliffe himself had headlong floong, Transformd him to a bird, and on the soodaine as hee hung Did give him wings, and bowwing beake, and hooked talants keene, And eeke a courage full as feerce as ever it had beene. And furthermore a greater strength he lent him therwithall, Than one would thinke conveyd myght bee within a roome so small. And now in shape of Gossehawke hee to none indifferent is, But wreakes his teene on all birds. And bycause him selfe ere this Did feele the force of sorrowes sting within his wounded hart, Hee maketh others oftentymes to sorrow and to smart. As Caeyx of his brothers chaunce this wondrous story seth,


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 Commes ronning thither all in haste and almost out of breth Anaetor the Phocayan who was Pelyes herdman. Hee Sayd: Pelye Pelye, I doo bring sad tydings unto thee. Declare it man (quoth Peleus) what ever that it bee. King Ceyx at his fearefull woordes did stand in dowtfull stowne. This noonetyde (quoth the herdman) Iche did drive your cattell downe To zea, and zum a them did zit uppon the yellow zand And looked on the large mayne poole of water neere at hand. Zum roayled zoftly up and downe, and zum a them did zwim And bare their jolly horned heades aboove the water trim. A Church stondes neere the zea not deckt with gold nor marble stone But made of wood, and hid with trees that dreeping hang theron. A visherman that zat and dryde hiz netts uppo the zhore Did tell'z that Nereus and his Nymphes did haunt the place of yore, And how that thay beene Goddes a zea. There butts a plot vorgrowne With zallow trees uppon the zame, the which is overblowne With tydes, and is a marsh. From thence a woolf, an orped wyght, With hideous noyse of rustling made the groundes neere hand afryght. Anon he commes mee buskling out bezmeared all his chappes With blood daubaken and with vome as veerce as thunder clappes. Hiz eyen did glaster red as vyre, and though he raged zore Vor vamin and vor madnesse bothe, yit raged he much more In madnesse. Vor hee cared not his hunger vor to zlake, Or i'the death of oxen twoo or three an end to make. But wounded all the herd and made a havocke of them all, And zum of us too, in devence did happen vor to vail, In daunger of his deadly chappes, and lost our lyves. The zhore And zea is staynd with blood, and all the ven is on a rore. Delay breedes losse. The cace denyes now dowting vor to stond, Whyle owght remaynes let all of us take weapon in our hond. Let's arme our zelves, and let uz altogither on him vall. The herdman hilld his peace. The losse movde Peleus not at all. But calling his offence to mynde, he thought that Neryes daughter, The chyldlesse Ladye Psamathe, determynd with that slaughter To keepe an Obit to her sonne whom hee before had killd. Immediatly uppon this newes the king of Trachin willd His men to arme them, and to take their weapons in theyr hand,


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 And he addrest himself to bee the leader of the band. His wyfe, Alcyone, by the noyse admonisht of the same, In dressing of her head, before shee had it brought in frame, Cast downe her heare, and ronning foorth caught Ceyx fast about The necke, desyring him with teares to send his folk without Himself, and in the lyfe of him to save the lyves of twayne. O Princesse, cease your godly feare (quoth Peleus then agayne). Your offer dooth deserve great thanks. I mynd not warre to make Ageinst straunge monsters. I as now another way must take. The seagods must bee pacifyde. There was a Castle hye, And in the same a lofty towre whose toppe dooth face the skye, A joyfull mark for maryners to guyde theyr vessells by. To this same Turret up they went, and there with syghes behilld The Oxen lying every where stark dead uppon the feelde And eeke the cruell stroygood with his bluddy mouth and heare. Then Peleus stretching foorth his handes to Seaward, prayd in feare To watrish Psamath that she would her sore displeasure stay, And help him. She no whit relents to that that he did pray. But Thetis for hir husband made such earnest sute, that shee Obteynd his pardon. For anon the woolfe (who would not bee Revoked from the slaughter for the sweetenesse of the blood) Persisted sharpe and eager still, untill that as he stood Fast byghting on a Bullocks necke, shee turnd him intoo stone As well in substance as in hew, the name of woolf alone Reserved. For although in shape hee seemed still yit one, The verry colour of the stone beewrayd him to bee none, And that he was not to bee feard. How be it froward fate Permitts not Peleus in that land to have a setled state. He wandreth like an outlaw to the Magnets. There at last Acastus the Thessalien purgd him of his murther past. In this meane tyme the Trachine king sore vexed in his thought With signes that both before and since his brothers death were wrought, For counsell at the sacret Spelles (which are but toyes to foode Fond fancyes, and not counsellers in perill to doo goode) Did make him reedy to the God of Claros for to go. For heathenish Phorbas and the folk of Phlegia had as tho The way to Delphos stopt, that none could travell to or fro.


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276 French bonnement, 'kindly,' is bonâ mente, 'with kind intent'); the ōs which forms Greek adverbs (for example, kakōs, 'ill,' from kakos, 'bad') is the original ablative case-ending: and we are doubtless to infer that both the general classes of adverbs, made by means of apparent adverbial suffixes, and the more irregular and obscure single words, of kindred meaning and office, which we trace in the earliest vocabulary of the family, are of like derivation. Those parts of speech which we call prepositions were originally such, not in our present understanding of the term, but according to its etymological signification; they were adverbial prefixes to the verb, serving to point out more clearly the direction of the verbal action; it was only later, and by degrees, that they detached themselves from the verb, and came to belong to the noun, furthering the disappearance of its case-endings, and assuming their office. The earliest of them, as was to be expected from their designation of direction, trace their origin chiefly to pronominal roots; but in part, also, they come from verbal. Conjunctions, connectives of sentences, are almost altogether of comparatively late growth; the earliest style was too simple to call for their use: we have seen examples already (in the third lecture  ) of the mode in which they were arrived at, by attenuation of the meaning of words possessing by origin a more full and definite significance. Other products of a like attenuation, made generally at a decidedly modern date, are the articles: the definite article always growing out of a demonstrative pronoun; the indefinite, out of the numeral one.

The interjections, finally, however expressive and pregnant with meaning they may be, are not in a proper sense parts of speech; they do not connect themselves with other words, and enter into the construction of sentences; they are either the direct outbursts of feeling, like ''oh! ah! or else, like st! sh!'' mere "vocal gestures," immediate intimations of will—in both cases alike, substitutes for more elaborate and distinct expression. They require, however, to be referred to here, not merely for the sake of completeness, but also because many words come to be employed only


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 But ere he on his journey went, he made his faythfull make Alcyone preevye to the thing. Immediatly theyr strake A chilnesse to her verry bones, and pale was all her face Like box and downe her heavy cheekes the teares did gush apace. Three times about to speake, three times shee washt her face with teares, And stinting oft with sobbes, shee thus complayned in his eares: What fault of myne, husband deere, hath turnd thy hart fro mee? Where is that care of mee that erst was woont to bee in thee? And canst thou having left thy deere Alcyone merrye bee? Doo journeyes long delyght thee now? dooth now myne absence please Thee better then my presence dooth? Think I that thou at ease Shalt go by land? Shall I have cause but onely for to moorne? And not to bee afrayd? And shall my care of thy returne Bee voyd of feare? No no. The sea mee sore afrayd dooth make. To think uppon the sea dooth cause my flesh for feare to quake. I sawe the broken ribbes of shippes alate uppon the shore. And oft on Tumbes I reade theyr names whose bodyes long before The sea had swallowed. Let not fond vayne hope seduce thy mynd, That Aeolus is thy fathrinlaw who holdes the boystous wynd In prison, and can calme the seas at pleasure. When the wynds Are once let looce uppon the sea, no order then them bynds. Then neyther land hathe priviledge, nor sea exemption fynds. Yea even the clowdes of heaven they vex, and with theyr meeting stout Enforce the fyre with hideous noyse to brust in flashes out. The more that I doo know them, (for ryght well I know theyr powre, And saw them oft a little wench within my fathers bowre) So much the more I think them to bee feard. But if thy will By no intreatance may bee turnd at home to tarry still, But that thou needes wilt go: then mee, deere husband, with thee take. So shall the sea us equally togither tosse and shake. So woorser than I feele I shall bee certeine not to feare. So shall we whatsoever happes togitherjoyntly beare. So shall wee on the broad mayne sea togither joyntly sayle. Theis woordes and teares wherewith the imp of Aeolus did assayle Her husbond borne of heavenly race, did make his hart relent. (For he lovd her no lesse than shee lovd him.) But fully bent He seemed, neyther for to leave the journey which he ment


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 To take by sea, nor yit to give Alcyone leave as tho Companion of his perlous course by water for to go. He many woordes of comfort spake her feare away to chace. But nought hee could perswade therein to make her like the cace. This last asswagement of her greef he added in the end, Which was the onely thing that made her loving hart to bend: All taryance will assuredly seeme over long to mee. And by my fathers blasing beames I make my vow to thee That at the furthest ere the tyme (if God therto agree) The moone doo fill her circle twyce, ageine I will heere bee. When in sum hope of his returne this promis had her set, He willd a shippe immediatly from harbrough to bee fet, And throughly rigged for to bee, that neyther maast, nor sayle, Nor tackling, no nor other thing should apperteyning fayle. Which when Alcyone did behold, as one whoose hart misgave The happes at hand, shee quaakt ageine, and teares out gusshing drave. And streyning Ceyx in her armes with pale and piteous looke, Poore wretched soule, her last farewell at length shee sadly tooke, And swounded flat uppon the ground. Anon the watermen (As Ceyx sought delayes and was in dowt to turne agen) Set hand to Ores, of which there were two rowes on eyther syde, And all at once with equall stroke the swelling sea devyde. Shee lifting up her watrye eyes behilld her husband stand Uppon the hatches making signes by beckening with his hand: And shee made signes to him ageine. And after that the land Was farre removed from the shippe, and that the sight began To bee unable to discerne the face of any man, As long as ere shee could shee lookt uppon the rowing keele. And when shee could no longer tyme for distance ken it weele, Shee looked still uppon the sayles that flasked with the wynd Uppon the maast. And when shee could the sayles no longer fynd, She gate her to her empty bed with sad and sorye hart, And layd her downe. The chamber did renew afresh her smart, And of her bed did bring to mynd the deere departed part. From harbrough now they quyght were gone: and now a plasant gale Did blowe. The mayster made his men theyr Ores asyde to hale, And hoysed up the toppesayle on the hyghest of the maast,


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 And clapt on all his other sayles bycause no wind should waast. Scarce full t'one half, (or sure not much above) the shippe had ronne Uppon the sea and every way the land did farre them shonne, When toward night the wallowing waves began to waxen whyght, And eeke the heady easterne wynd did blow with greater myght, Anon the Mayster cryed: Strike the toppesayle, let the mayne Sheate flye and fardle it to the yard. Thus spake he, but in vayne, For why so hideous was the storme uppon the soodeine brayd, That not a man was able there to heere what other sayd. And lowd the sea with meeting waves extreemely raging rores. Yit fell they to it of them selves. Sum haalde asyde the Ores: Sum fensed in the Gallyes sydes, sum downe the sayleclothes rend: Sum pump the water out, and sea to sea ageine doo send. Another hales the sayleyards downe. And whyle they did eche thing Disorderly, the storme increast, and from eche quarter fling The wyndes with deadly foode, and bownce the raging waves togither. The Pilot being sore dismayd sayth playne, he knowes not whither To wend himself, nor what to doo or bid, nor in what state Things stood. So huge the mischeef was, and did so overmate All arte. For why of ratling ropes, of crying men and boyes, Of flusshing waves and thundring ayre, confused was the noyse. The surges mounting up aloft did seeme to mate the skye, And with theyr sprinckling for to wet the clowdes that hang on hye. One whyle the sea, when iirom the brink it raysd the yellow sand, Was like in colour to the same. Another whyle did stand A colour on it blacker than the Lake of Styx. Anon It lyeth playne and loomethwhyght with seething froth thereon. And with the sea the Trachin shippe ay alteration tooke. One whyle as from a mountaynes toppe it seemed downe to looke To vallyes and the depth of hell. Another whyle beset With swelling surges round about which neere above it met, It looked from the bottom of the whoorlepoole up aloft As if it were from hell to heaven. A hideous flusshing oft The waves did make in beating full against the Gallyes syde. The Gallye being striken gave as great a sownd that tyde As did sumtyme the Battellramb of steele, or now the Gonne In making battrye to a towre. And as feerce Lyons ronne


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 Full brist with all theyr force ageinst the armed men that stand In order bent to keepe them off with weapons in theyr hand, Even so as often as the waves by force of wynd did rave, So oft uppon the netting of the shippe they maynely drave, And mounted farre above the same. Anon off fell the hoopes: And having washt the pitch away, the sea made open loopes To let the deadly water in. Behold the clowdes did melt, And showers large came pooring downe. The seamen that them felt Myght thinke that all the heaven had falne uppon them that same tyme, And that the swelling sea likewyse above the heaven would clyme. The sayles were throughly wet with showers, and with the heavenly raine Was mixt the waters of the sea. No lyghts at all remayne Of sunne, or moone, or starres in heaven. The darknesse of the nyght Augmented with the dreadfull storme, takes dowble powre and myght. Howbee't the flasshing lyghtnings oft doo put the same to flyght, And with theyr glauncing now and then do give a soodeine lyght. The lightnings setts the waves on fyre. Above the netting skippe The waves, and with a violent force doo lyght within the shippe. And as a souldyer stowter than the rest of all his band That oft assayles a citie walles defended well by hand, At length atteines his hope, and for to purchace prayse withall Alone among a thousand men getts up uppon the wall: So when the loftye waves had long the Gallyes sydes assayd, At length the tenth wave rysing up with huger force and brayd, Did never cease assaulting of the weery shippe, till that Uppon the hatches lyke a fo victoriously it gat. A part thereof did still as yit assault the shippe without, And part had gotten in. The men all trembling ran about, As in a Citie commes to passe, when of the enmyes sum Dig downe the walles without, and sum already in are come. All arte and conning was to seeke. Theyr harts and stomacks fayle: And looke, how many surges came theyr vessell to assayle, So many deathes did seeme to charge and breake uppon them all. One weepes: another stands amazde: the third them blist dooth call Whom buryall dooth remayne. To God another makes his vow, And holding up his handes to heaven the which hee sees not now, Dooth pray in vayne for help. The thought of this man is uppon


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 His brother and his parents whom he cleerely hath forgone. Another calles his house and wyfe and children unto mynd, And every man in generall the things he left behynd. Alcyone moveth Ceyx hart. In Ceyx mouth is none But onely one Alcyone. And though shee were alone The wyght that he desyred most, yit was he verry glad Shee was not there. To Trachin ward to looke desyre he had, And homeward fayne he would have turnd his eyes which never more Should see the land. But then he knew not which way was the shore, Nor where he was. The raging sea did rowle about so fast: And all the heaven with clowds as black as pitch was over cast, That never nyght was halfe so dark. There came a flaw at last, That with his violence brake the maste, and strake the sterne away. A billowe proudly pranking up as vaunting of his pray By conquest gotten, walloweth hole and breaketh not asunder, Beholding with a lofty looke the waters woorking under. And looke, as if a man should from the places where they growe Rend downe the mountaynes, Athe and Pind, and whole them overthrowe Into the open sea: so soft the Billowe tumbling downe, With weyght and violent stroke did sink and in the bottom drowne The Gallye. And the moste of them that were within the same Went downe therwith and never up to open aier came, But dyed strangled in the gulf. Another sort againe Caught peeces of the broken shippe. The king himself was fayne A shiver of the sunken shippe in that same hand to hold, In which hee erst a royall mace had hilld of yellow gold. His father and his fathrinlawe he calles uppon (alas In vayne.) But cheefly in his mouth his wife Alcyone was. In hart was shee: in toong was shee: he wisshed that his corse To land where shee myght take it up the surges myght enforce: And that by her most loving handes he might be layd in grave. In swimming still (as often as the surges leave him gave To ope his lippes) he harped still upon Alcyones name, And when he drowned in the waves he muttred still the same. Behold, even full uppon the wave a flake of water blacke Did breake, and underneathe the sea the head of Ceyx stracke. That nyght the lyghtsum Lucifer for sorrowe was so dim,


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 As scarcely could a man discerne or thinke it to bee him. And forasmuch as out of heaven he might not steppe asyde, With thick and darksum clowds that nyght his countnance he did hyde. Alcyone of so great mischaunce not knowing aught as yit, Did keepe a reckening of the nyghts that in the whyle did flit, And hasted garments both for him and for herself likewyse, To weare at his homecomming which shee vaynely did surmyse. To all the Goddes devoutly shee did offer frankincence: But most above them all the Church of Juno shee did sence. And for her husband (who as then was none) shee kneeld before The Altar, wisshing health and soone arrivall at the shore, And that none other woman myght before her be preferd. Of all her prayers this one peece effectually was heard. For Juno could not fynd in hart intreated for to bee For him that was already dead. But to th'entent that shee From dame Alcyones deadly hands might keepe her Altars free, Shee sayd: Most faythfull messenger of my commaundments, O Thou Raynebowe, to the slugguish house of Slomber swiftly go. And bid him send a Dreame in shape of Ceyx to his wyfe Alcyone, for to shew her playne the losing of his lyfe. Dame Iris takes her pall wherein a thousand colours were And bowwing lyke a stringed bow upon the dowdy sphere, Immediatly descended to the drowzye house of Sleepe Whose Court the clowdes continually doo clocely overdreepe. Among the darke Cimmerians is a hollow mountaine found And in the hill a Cave that farre dooth ronne within the ground, The Chamber and the dwelling place where slouthfull sleepe dooth cowch. The lyght of Phebus golden beames this place can never towch. A foggye mist with dimnesse mixt streames upwarde from the ground, And glimmering twylyght evermore within the same is found. No watchfull bird with barbed bill, and combed crowne dooth call The morning foorth with crowing out. There is no noyse at all Of waking dogge, nor gagling goose more waker than the hound To hinder sleepe. Of beast ne wyld ne tame there is no sound. No bowghes are stird with blastes of wynd, no noyse of tatling toong Of man or woman ever yit within that bower roong. Dumb quiet dwelleth there. Yit from the Roches foote dooth go


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 The ryver of forgetfulnesse, which ronneth trickling so Uppon the little pebble stones which in the channell lye, That unto sleepe a great deale more it dooth provoke thereby. Before the entry of the Cave, there growes of Poppye store, With seeded heades, and other weedes innumerable more, Out of the milkye jewce of which the night dooth gather sleepes, And over all the shadowed earth with dankish deawe them dreepes. Bycause the craking hindges of the doore no noyse should make, There is no doore in all the house, nor porter at the gate. Amid the Cave, of Ebonye a bedsted standeth hye, And on the same a bed of downe with keeverings blacke dooth lye: In which the drowzye God of sleepe his lither limbes dooth rest. About him, forging sundrye shapes as many dreames lye prest As eares of come doo stand in feeldes in harvest tyme, or leaves Doo grow on trees, or sea to shore of sandye cinder heaves. As soone as Iris came within this house, and with her hand Had put asyde the dazeling dreames that in her way did stand, The brightnesse of her robe through all the sacred house did shine. The God of sleepe scarce able for to rayse his heavy eyen, A three or fowre tymes at the least did fall ageine to rest, And with his nodding head did knocke his chinne ageinst his brest. At length he shaking of himselfe, uppon his elbowe leande. And though he knew for what shee came: he askt her what shee meand. O sleepe (quoth shee,) the rest of things, O gentlest of the Goddes, Sweete sleepe, the peace of mynd, with whom crookt care is aye at oddes: Which cherrishest mennes weery limbes appalld with toling sore, And makest them as fresh to woork and lustye as beefore, Commaund a dreame that in theyr kyndes can every thing expresse, To Trachine, Hercles towne, himself this instant to addresse. And let him lively counterfet to Queene Alcyonea The image of her husband who is drowned in the sea By shipwrecke. Juno willeth so. Her message beeing told, Dame Iris went her way. Shee could her eyes no longer hold From sleepe. But when shee felt it come shee fled that instant tyme, And by the boawe that brought her downe to heaven ageine did clyme. Among a thousand sonnes and mo that father slomber had He calld up Morph, the feyner of mannes shape, a craftye lad.


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 None other could so conningly expresse mans verrye face, His gesture and his sound of voyce, and manner of his pace, Togither with his woonted weede, and woonted phrase of talk. But this same Morphye onely in the shape of man dooth walk. There is another who the shapes of beast or bird dooth take, Or else appeereth unto men in likenesse of a snake. The Goddes doo call him Icilos, and mortall folke him name Phobetor. There is also yit a third who from theis same Woorkes diversly, and Phantasos he highteth. Into streames This turnes himself, and into stones, and earth, and timber beames, And into every other thing that wanteth life. Theis three, Great kings and Capteines in the night are woonted for to see. The meaner and inferiour sort of others haunted bee. Sir Slomber overpast the rest, and of the brothers all To doo dame Iris message he did only Morphye call. Which doone he waxing luskish, streyght layd downe his drowzy head And softly shroonk his layzye limbes within his sluggish bed. Away flew Morphye through the aire: no flickring made his wings: And came anon to Trachine. There his fethers off he flings, And in the shape of Ceyx standes before Alcyones bed, Pale, wan, stark naakt, and like a man that was but lately deade. His berde seemd wet, and of his head the heare was dropping drye, And leaning on her bed, with teares he seemed thus to cry: Most wretched woman, knowest thou thy loving Ceyx now Or is my face by death disformd? behold mee well, and thow Shalt know mee. For thy husband, thou thy husbandes Ghost shalt see. No good thy prayers and thy vowes have done at all to mee. For I am dead. In vayne of my returne no reckning make. The dowdy sowth amid the sea our shippe did tardy take, And tossing it with violent blastes asunder did it shake. And floodes have filld my mouth which calld in vayne uppon thy name. No persone whom thou mayst misdeeme brings tydings of the same. Thou hearest not thereof by false report of flying fame. But I myself: I presently my shipwrecke to thee showe. Aryse therefore and wofull teares uppon thy spouse bestowe. Put moorning rayment on, and let mee not to Limbo go Unmoorned for. In shewing of this shipwrecke Morphye so


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 Did feyne the voyce of Ceyx, that shee could none other deeme, But that it should bee his in deede. Moreover he did seeme To weepe in earnest: and his handes the verry gesture had Of Ceyx. Queene Alcyone did grone, and beeing sad Did stirre her armes, and thrust them foorth his body to embrace. In stead whereof shee caught but ayre. The teares ran downe her face. Shee cryed, Tarry: whither flyste? togither let us go. And all this whyle she was asleepe. Both with her crying so, And flayghted with the image of her husbands gastly spryght, She started up: and sought about if fynd him there shee myght. (For why her Groomes awaking with the shreeke had brought a light.) And when shee no where could him fynd, shee gan her face to smyght, And tare her nyghtclothes from her brest, and strake it feercely, and Not passing to unty her heare shee rent it with her hand. And when her nurce of this her greef desyrde to understand The cause: Alcyone is undoone, undoone and cast away With Ceyx her deare spouse (shee sayd). Leave comforting I pray. By shipwrecke he is perrisht: I have seene him: and I knew His handes. When in departing I to hold him did pursew I caught a Ghost: but such a Ghost as well discerne I myght To bee my husbands. Nathelesse he had not to my syght His woonted countenance, neyther did his visage shyne so bryght, As heeretofore it had beene woont. I saw him, wretched wyght, Starke naked, pale, and with his heare still wet: even verry heere I saw him stand. With that shee lookes if any print appeere Of footing where as he did stand uppon the floore behynd. This this is it that I did feare in farre forecasting mynd, When flying mee I thee desyrde thou shouldst not trust the wynd. But syth thou wentest to thy death, I would that I had gone With thee. Ah meete, it meete had beene thou shouldst not go alone Without mee. So it should have come to passe that neyther I Had overlived thee, nor yit beene forced twice to dye. Already, absent in the waves now tossed have I bee. Already have I perrished. And yit the sea hath thee Without mee. But the cruelnesse were greater farre of mee Than of the sea, if after thy decease I still would strive In sorrow and in anguish still to pyne away alive.


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 But neyther will I strive in care to lengthen still my lyfe, Nor (wretched wyght) abandon thee: but like a faythfull wyfe At leastwyse now will come as thy companion. And the herse Shall joyne us, though not in the selfsame coffin: yit in verse. Although in tumb the bones of us togither may not couch, Yit in a graven Epitaph my name thy name shall touch. Her sorrow would not suffer her to utter any more. Shee sobd and syghde at every woord, untill her hart was sore. The morning came, and out shee went ryght pensif to the shore To that same place in which shee tooke her leave of him before. Whyle there shee musing stood, and sayd: He kissed mee even heere, Heere weyed hee his Anchors up, heere loosd he from the peere. And whyle shee calld to mynd the things there marked with her eyes: In looking on the open sea, a great way off shee spyes A certaine thing much like a corse come hovering on the wave. At first shee dowted what it was. As tyde it neerer drave, Although it were a good way off, yit did it plainely showe To bee a corce. And though that whose it was shee did not knowe, Yit forbycause it seemd a wrecke, her hart therat did ryse: And as it had sum straunger beene, with water in her eyes She sayd: Alas poore wretch who ere thou art, alas for her That is thy wyfe, if any bee. And as the waves did stirre, The body floted neerer land: the which the more that shee Behilld, the lesse began in her of stayed wit to bee. Anon it did arrive on shore. Then plainely shee did see And know it, that it was her feere. Shee shreeked, It is hee. And therewithall her face, her heare, and garments shee did teare, And unto Ceyx stretching out her trembling handes with feare, Sayd: cumst thou home in such a plyght to mee, O husband deere? Returnst in such a wretched plyght? There was a certeine peere That buylded was by hand, of waves the first assaults to breake, And at the havons mouth to cause the tyde to enter weake. Shee lept thereon. (A wonder sure it was shee could doo so) Shee flew, and with her newgrowen winges did beate the ayre as tho. And on the waves a wretched bird shee whisked to and fro. And with her crocking neb then growen to slender bill and round, Like one that wayld and moorned still shee made a moaning sound.


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 Howbee't as soone as she did touch his dumb and bloodlesse flesh, And had embraast his loved limbes with winges made new and fresh, And with her hardened neb had kist him coldly, though in vayne, Folk dowt if Ceyx feeling it to rayse his head did strayne, Or whither that the waves did lift it up. But surely hee It felt: and through compassion of the Goddes both hee and shee Were turnd to birdes. The love of them eeke subject to their fate, Continued after: neyther did the faythfull bond abate Of wedlocke in them beeing birdes: but standes in stedfast state. They treade, and lay, and bring foorth yoong and now the Alcyon sitts In wintertime uppon her nest, which on the water flitts A sevennyght. During all which tyme the sea is calme and still, And every man may to and fro sayle saufly at his will, For Aeolus for his offsprings sake the windes at home dooth keepe, And will not let them go abroade for troubling of the deepe. An auncient father seeing them aabout the brode sea fly, Did prayse theyr love for lasting to the end so stedfastly. His neyghbour or the selfsame man made answer (such is chaunce): Even this fowle also whom thou seest uppon the surges glaunce With spindle shanks, (he poynted to the wydegoawld Cormorant) Before that he became a bird, of royall race might vaunt. And if thou covet lineally his pedegree to seeke, His Auncetors were Ilus, and Assaracus, and eeke Fayre Ganymed who Jupiter did ravish as his joy, Laomedon and Priamus the last that reygnd in Troy. Stout Hectors brother was this man. And had he not in pryme Of lusty youth beene tane away, his deedes perchaunce in tyme Had purchaast him as great a name as Hector, though that hee Of Dymants daughter Hecuba had fortune borne to bee. For Aesacus reported is begotten to have beene By scape, in shady Ida on a mayden fayre and sheene Whose name was Alyxothoe, a poore mans daughter that With spade and mattocke for himselfe and his a living gat. This Aesacus the Citie hates, and gorgious Court dooth shonne, And in the unambicious feeldes and woods alone dooth wonne. He seeldoom haunts the towne of Troy, yit having not a rude And blockish wit, nor such a hart as could not be subdewd


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 By love, he spyde Eperie (whom oft he had pursewd Through all the woodes) then sitting on her father Cebrius brim A drying of her heare ageinst the sonne, which hanged trim Uppon her back. As soone as that the Nymph was ware of him, She fled as when the grisild woolf dooth scare the fearefull hynd Or when the Fawcon farre from brookes a Mallard happes to fynd. The Trojane knyght ronnes after her, and beeing swift through love, Purseweth her whom feare dooth force apace her feete to move. Behold an Adder lurking in the grasse there as shee fled, Did byght her foote with hooked tooth, and in her bodye spred His venim. Shee did cease her flyght and soodein fell downe dead. Her lover being past his witts her carkesse did embrace, And cryde: Alas it irketh mee, it irkes mee of this chace. But this I feard not. Neyther was the gaine of that I willd Woorth halfe so much. Now two of us thee (wretched soule) have killd. The wound was given thee by the snake, the cause was given by mee. The wickedder of both am I: who for to comfort thee Will make thee satisfaction with my death. With that at last Downe from a rocke (the which the waves had undermynde) he cast Himself into the sea. Howbee't dame Tethys pitying him, Receyvd him softly, and as he uppon the waves did swim, Shee covered him with fethers. And though fayne he would have dyde, Shee would not let him. Wroth was he that death was him denyde, And that his soule compelld should bee ageinst his will to byde Within his wretched body still, from which it would depart, And that he was constreynd to live perforce ageinst his hart. And as he on his shoulders now had newly taken wings, He mounted up, and downe uppon the sea his boddye dings. His fethers would not let him sinke. In rage he dyveth downe, And despratly he strives himself continually to drowne. His love did make him leane, long leggs: long neck dooth still remayne. His head is from his shoulders farre: of Sea he is most fayne. And for he underneath the waves delyghteth for to drive A name according thereunto the Latins doo him give.


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Ing Priam beeing ignorant that Aesacus his sonne Did live in shape of bird, did moorne: and at a tumb wheron His name was written, Hector and his brother solemly Did keepe an Obit. Paris was not at this obsequye. Within a whyle with ravisht wyfe he brought a lasting warre Home unto Troy. There followed him a thowsand shippes not farre Conspyrd togither, with the ayde that all the Greekes could fynd: And vengeance had beene tane foorthwith but that the cruell wynd Did make the seas unsaylable, so that theyr shippes were fayne At rode at fisshye Awlys in B'aeotia to remayne. Heere as the Greekes according to theyr woont made sacrifyse To Jove, and on the Altar old the flame aloft did ryse, They spyde a speckled Snake creepe up uppon a planetree bye Uppon the toppe whereof there was among the braunches hye A nest, and in the nest eyght birdes, all which and eeke theyr dam That flickering flew about her losse, the hungry snake did cram Within his mawe. The standers by were all amazde therat. But Calchas, Thestors sonne, who knew what meening was in that, Sayd: We shall win. Rejoyce, yee Greekes, by us shall perish Troy, But long the tyme will bee before wee may our will enjoy. And then he told them how the birds nyne yeeres did signifie Which they before the towne of Troy not taking it should lye. The Serpent as he wound about the boughes and braunches greene, Became a stone, and still in stone his snakish shape is seene. The seas continewed verry rough and suffred not theyr hoste Imbarked for to passe from thence to take the further coast. Sum thought that Neptune favored Troy bycause himself did buyld The walles therof. But Calchas (who both knew, and never hilld His peace in tyme) declared that the Goddesse Phebe must Appeased bee with virgins blood for wrath conceyved just. As soone as pitie yeelded had to cace of publicke weale, And reason got the upper hand of fathers loving zeale, So that the Ladye Iphigen before the altar stood Among the weeping ministers, to give her maydens blood:


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 The Goddesse taking pitie, cast a mist before theyr eyes, And as they prayd and stird about to make the sacrifyse, Conveyes her quight away, and with a Hynd her roome supplyes. Thus with a slaughter meete for her Diana beeing pleasd, The raging surges with her wrath togither were appeasd, The thousand shippes had wynd at poope. And when they had abode Much trouble, at the length all safe they gat the Phrygian rode. Amid the world tweene heaven, and earth, and sea, there is a place, Set from the bounds of eche of them indifferently in space, From whence is seene what ever thing is practisd any where, Although the Realme bee nere so farre, and roundly to the eare Commes whatsoever spoken is. Fame hath his dwelling there. Who in the toppe of all the house is lodged in a towre. A thousand entryes, glades, and holes are framed in this bowre. There are no doores to shet. The doores stand open nyght and day. The house is all of sounding brasse, and roreth every way, Reporting dowble every woord it heareth people say. There is no rest within, there is no silence any where. Yit is there not a yelling out: but humming, as it were The sound of surges beeing heard farre off, or like the sound That at the end of thunderclappes long after dooth redound, When Jove dooth make the clowdes to crack. Within the courts is preace Of common people, which to come and go doo never ceace. And millions both of trothes and lyes ronne gadding every where, And woordes confusely flye in heapes. Of which, sum fill the eare That heard not of them erst, and sum Colcaryers part doo play To spread abrode the things they heard. And ever by the way The thing that was invented growes much greater than before, And every one that getts it by the end addes sumwhat more. Lyght credit dwelleth there. There dwells rash error: there dooth dwell Vayne joy: there dwelleth hartlesse feare, and Bruit that loves to tell Uncertayne newes uppon report, whereof he dooth not knowe The author, and Sedition who fresh rumors loves to sowe. This Fame beholdeth what is doone in heaven, on sea, and land, And what is wrought in all the world he layes to understand. He gave the Trojans warning that the Greekes with valeant men And shippes approched, that unwares they could not take them then.


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 For Hector and the Trojan folk well armed were at hand To keepe the coast and bid them bace before they came aland. Protesilay by fatall doome was first that dyde in feeld Of Hectors speare: and after him great numbers mo were killd Of valeant men. That battell did the Greeks full deerly cost. And Hector with his Phrygian folk of blood no little lost, In trying what the Greekes could doo. The shore was red with blood. And now king Cygnet, Neptunes sonne, had killed where he stood A thousand Greekes. And now the stout Achilles causd to stay His Charyot: and his lawnce did slea whole bandes of men that day. And seeking Hector, he did stray. At last with Hector had delay Untill the tenth yeare afterward. Then hasting foorth his horses With flaxen manes, ageinst his fo his Chariot he enforces. And brandishing his shaking dart, he sayd: O noble wyght, A comfort let it bee to thee that such a valeant knyght As is Achilles killeth thee. In saying so he threw A myghty dart, which though it hit the mark at which it flew, Yit perst it not the skinne at all. Now when this blunted blowe Had hit on Cygnets brest, and did no print of hitting showe, Thou, Goddesse sonne (quoth Cygnet), for by fame we doo thee knowe. Why woondrest at mee for to see I can not wounded bee? (Achilles woondred much thereat.) This helmet which yee see Bedect with horses yellow manes, this sheeld that I doo beare, Defend mee not. For ornaments alonly I them weare. For this same cause armes Mars himself likewyse. I will disarme Myself, and yit unrazed will I passe without all harme. It is to sum effect, not borne to bee of Neryes race, So that a man be borne of him that with threeforked mace : Rules Nereus and his daughters too, and all the sea besyde. This sayd, he at Achilles sent a dart that should abyde Uppon his sheeld. It perced through the steele and through nyne fold Of Oxen hydes, and stayd uppon the tenth. Achilles bold Did wrest it out, and forcybly did throwe the same agayne. His bodye beeing hit ageine, unwounded did remayne, And cleere from any print of wound. The third went eeke in vayne. And yit did Cygnet to the same give full his naked brist.


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 Achilles chafed like a Bull that in the open list With dreadfull homes dooth push ageinst the scarlet clothes that there Are hanged up to make him feerce, and when he would them teare Dooth fynd his wounds deluded. Then Achilles lookt uppon His Javelings socket, if the head thereof were looce or gone. The head stacke fast. My hand byleeke is weakened then (quoth lice), And all the force it had before is spent on one I see. For sure I am it was of strength, both when I first downe threw Lyrnessus walles, and when I did Ile Tenedos subdew, And eeke Aetions Thebe with her proper blood embrew. And when so many of the folke of Tewthranie I slew, That with theyr blood Caycus streame became of purple hew. And when the noble Telephus did of my Dart of steele The dowble force, of wounding and of healing also feele. Yea even the heapes of men slayne heere by mee, that on this strond Are lying still to looke uppon, doo give to understond That this same hand of myne both had and still hath strength. This sed, (As though he had distrusted all his dooings ere that sted,) He threw a Dart ageinst a man of Lycia land that hyght Menetes, through whose Curets and his brest he strake him quyght. And when he saw with dying limbes him sprawling on the ground, He stepped to him streyght, and pulld the Javeling from the wound, And sayd alowd: This is the hand, this is the selfsame dart With which my hand did strike even now Menetes to the hart. Ageinst my tother Copemate will I use the same: I pray To God it may have like successe. This sed, without delay He sent it toward Cygnet, and the weapon did not stray, Nor was not shunned. Insomuch it lighted full uppon His shoulder: and it gave a rappe as if uppon sum ston It lyghted had, rebownding backe. Howbeeit where it hit, Achilles sawe it bloodye, and was vaynly glad of it. For why there was no wound. It was Menetes blood. Then lept He hastly from his Charyot downe, and like a madman stept To carelesse Cygnet with his swoord. He sawe his swoord did pare His Target and his morion bothe. But when it toucht the bare, His bodye was so hard, it did the edge thereof abate. He could no lengar suffer him to tryumph in that rate,


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 But with the pommell of his swoord did thump him on the pate, And bobd him well about the brewes a doozen tymes and more, And preacing on him as he still gave backe amaazd him sore, And troubled him with buffetting, not respetting a whit. Then Cygnet gan to bee afrayd, and mistes beegan to flit Before his eyes, and dimd his syght. And as he still did yeeld, In giving back, by chaunce he met a stone amid the feeld, Ageinst the which Achilles thrust him back with all his myght, And throwing him ageinst the ground, did cast him bolt upryght. Then bearing bostowsely with both his knees ageinst his chest, And leaning with his elbowes and his target on his brest, He shet his headpeece cloce and just, and underneathe his chin So hard it straynd, that way for breath was neyther out nor in, And closed up the vent of lyfe. And having gotten so The upper hand, he went about to spoyle his vanquisht fo. But nought he in his armour found. For Neptune had as tho Transformd him to the fowle whose name he bare but late ago. This labour, this encounter brought the rest of many dayes, And eyther partye in theyr strength a whyle from battell stayes. Now whyle the Phrygians watch and ward uppon the walles of Troy, And Greekes likewyse within theyr trench, there came a day of joy, In which Achilles for his luck in Cygnets overthrow, A Cow in way of sacrifyse on Pallas did bestowe, Whose inwards when he had uppon the burning altar cast And that the acceptable fume had through the ayer past To Godward, and the holy rytes had had theyr dewes, the rest Was set on boords for men to eate in disshes fynely drest. The princes sitting downe, did feede uppon the rosted flesh, And both theyr thirst and present cares with wyne they did refresh. Not Harpes, nor songs, nor hollowe flutes to heere did them delyght. They talked till they nye had spent the greatest part of nyght. And all theyr communication was of feates of armes in fyght That had beene doone by them or by theyr foes. And every wyght Delyghts to uppen oftentymes by turne as came about The perills and the narrow brunts himself had shifted out. For what thing should bee talkt beefore Achilles rather? Or What kynd of things than such as theis could seeme more meeter for