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 But certenly he feared me with trampling of his feete: And of his mouth the boystous breath upon my hairlace blew. Forwearied with the toyle of flight: Helpe, Diane, I thy true And trustie Squire (I said) who oft have caried after thee Thy bow and arrowes, now am like attached for to bee. The Goddesse moved, tooke a cloude of such as scattred were And cast upon me. Hidden thus in mistie darkenesse there The River poard upon me still and hunted round about The hollow cloude, for feare perchaunce I should have scaped out. And twice not knowing what to doe he stalkt about the cloude Where Diane had me hid, and twice he called out aloude: Hoe Arethuse. What heart had I poore wretch then? Even such as hath the sillie Lambe that dares not stirre nor quetch when He heares the howling of the Wolfe about or neare the foldes, Or such as hath the squatted Hare that in hir foorme beholdes The hunting houndes on every side, and dares not move a whit, He would not thence, for why he saw no footing out as yit. And therefore watcht he narrowly the cloud and eke the place. A chill colde sweat my sieged limmes opprest, and downe apace From all my bodie steaming drops did fall of watrie hew. Which way so ere I stird my foote the place was like a stew. The deaw ran trickling from my haire. In halfe the while I then Was turnde to water, that I now have tolde the tale agen. His loved waters Alphey knew, and putting off the shape Of man the which he tooke before bicause I should not scape, Returned to his proper shape of water by and by Of purpose for to joyne with me and have my companie. But Delia brake the ground, at which I sinking into blinde Bycorners, up againe my selfe at Ortigie doe winde, Right deare to me bicause it doth Dianas surname beare, And for bicause to light againe I first was raysed there. Thus far did Arethusa speake: and then the fruitfull Dame Two Dragons to hir Chariot put, and reyning hard the same, Midway beweene the Heaven and Earth she in the Ayer went, And unto Prince Triptolemus hir lightsome Chariot sent To Pallas Citie lode with come, commaunding him to sowe Some part in ground new broken up, and some thereof to strow


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 In ground long tillde before. Anon the yong man up did stie And flying over Europe and the Realme of Asias hie, Alighted in the Scithian land. There reyned in that coast A King callde Lyncus, to whose house he entred for to host. And being there demaunded how and why he thither came, And also of his native soyle and of his proper name, I hight (quoth he) Triptolemus and borne was in the towne Of Athens in the land of Greece, that place of high renowne. I neyther came by Sea nor Lande, but through the open Aire I bring with me Dame Ceres giftes which being sowne in faire And fertile fields may fruitfull Harvests yeelde and finer fare. The savage King had spight, and to th'intent that of so rare And gracious gifts himselfe might seeme first founder for to be, He entertainde him in his house, and when asleepe was he, He came upon him with a sword: but as he would have killde him, Dame Ceres turnde him to a Lynx, and waking tother willde him His sacred Teemeware through the Ayre to drive abrode agen. The chiefe of us had ended this hir learned song, and then The Nymphes with one consent did judge that we the Goddesses Of Helicon had wonne the day. But when I sawe that these Unnurtred Damsels overcome began to fall a scolding, I sayd: so little sith to us you thinke your selves beholding, For bearing with your malapertnesse in making chalenge, that Besides your former fault, ye eke doe fall to rayling flat, Abusing thus our gentlenesse: we will from hence proceede The punishment, and of our wrath the rightfull humor feede. Euippyes daughters grinnd and jeerde and set our threatnings light. But as they were about to prate, and bent their fistes to smight Theyr wicked handes with hideous noyse, they saw the stumps of quilles New budding at their nayles, and how their armes soft feather hilles. Eche saw how others mouth did purse and harden into Bill, And so becomming uncouth Birdes to haunt the woods at will. For as they would have clapt their handes their wings did up them heave, And hanging in the Ayre the scoldes of woods did Pies them leave. Now also being turnde to Birdes they are as eloquent As ere they were, as chattring still, as much to babling bent.

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Ritonia unto all these wordes attentive hearing bendes, And both the Muses learned song and rightfull wrath commendes. And thereupon within hir selfe this fancie did arise. It is no matter for to prayse: but let our selfe devise Some thing to be commended for: and let us not permit Our Majestie to be despisde without revenging it. And therewithall she purposed to put the Lydian Maide Arachne to hir neckeverse who (as had to hir bene saide) Presumed to prefer hir selfe before hir noble grace In making cloth. This Damsell was not famous for the place In which she dwelt, nor for hir stocke, but for hir Arte. Hir Sier Was Idmon, one of Colophon, a pelting Purple Dier. Hir mother was deceast: but she was of the baser sort, And egall to hir Make in birth, in living, and in port. But though this Maide were meanly borne, and dwelt but in a shed At little Hypep: yet hir trade hir fame abrode did spred Even all the Lydian Cities through. To see hir wondrous worke The Nymphes that underneath the Vines of shadie Tmolus lurke Their Vineyards oftentimes forsooke. So did the Nymphes also About Pactolus oftentimes their golden streames forgo. And evermore it did them good not only for to see Hir clothes already made, but while they eke a making bee Such grace was in hir workmanship. For were it so that shee The newshorne fleeces from the sheepe in bundels deftly makes, Or afterward doth kemb the same, and drawes it out in flakes Along like cloudes, or on the Rocke doth spinne the handwarpe woofe, Or else embroydreth, certenly ye might perceive by proofe She was of Pallas bringing up, which thing she nathelesse Denyeth, and disdaining such a Mistresse to confesse, Let hir contend with me, she saide: and if she me amend I will refuse no punishment the which she shall extend. Minerva tooke an olde wives shape and made hir haire seeme gray, And with a staffe hir febled limmes pretended for to stay. Which done, she thus began to speake: Not all that age doth bring


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 We ought to shonne. Experience doth of long continuance spring. Despise not mine admonishment. Seeke fame and chiefe report For making cloth, and Arras worke, among the mortall sort. But humbly give the Goddesse place: and pardon of hir crave For these thine unadvised wordes. I warrant thou shalt have Forgivenesse, if thou aske it hir. Arachne bent hir brewes And lowring on hir, left hir worke: and hardly she eschewes From flying in the Ladies face. Hir countnance did bewray Hir moodie minde: which bursting forth in words she thus did say: Thou commest like a doting foole: thy wit is spent with yeares: Thy life hath lasted over long as by thy talke appeares. And if thou any daughter have, or any daughtrinlawe, I would she heard these wordes of mine: I am not such a Daw, But that without thy teaching I can well ynough advise My selfe. And lest thou shouldest thinke thy words in any wise Availe, the selfesame minde I keepe with which I first begonne. Why commes she not hirselfe I say? this matche why doth she shonne? Then said the Goddesse: Here she is. And therewithall she cast Hir oldewives riveled shape away, and shewde hir selfe at last Minerva like. The Nymphes did streight adore hir Majestie. So did the yong newmaried wives that were of Migdonie. The Maiden only unabasht woulde nought at all relent. But yet she blusht and sodenly a ruddynesse besprent Hir cheekes which wanzd away againe, even like as doth the Skie Looke sanguine at the breake of day, and turneth by and by To white at rising of the Sunne. As hote as any fire She sticketh to hir tackling still. And through a fond desire Of glorie, to hir owne decay all headlong forth she runnes. For Pallas now no lenger warnes, ne now no lenger shunnes Ne seekes the chalenge to delay. Immediatly they came And tooke their places severally, and in a severall frame Eche streynde a web, the warpe whereof was fine. The web was tide Upon a Beame. Betweene the warpe a stay of reede did slide. The woofe on sharpened pinnes was put betwixt the warp, and wrought With fingars. And as oft as they had through the warpe it brought, They strake it with a Boxen combe. Both twayne of them made hast: And girding close for handsomnesse their garments to their wast


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 Bestirde their cunning handes apace. Their earnestnesse was such As made them never thinke of paine. They weaved verie much Fine Purple that was dide in Tyre, and colours set so trim That eche in shadowing other seemde the very same with him. Even like as after showres of raine when Phebus broken beames Doe strike upon the Cloudes, appeares a compast bow of gleames Which bendeth over all the Heaven: wherein although there shine A thousand sundry colours, yet the shadowing is so fine, That looke men nere so wistly, yet beguileth it their eyes: So like and even the selfsame thing eche colour seemes to rise Whereas they meete, which further off doe differ more and more. Of glittring golde with silken threede was weaved there good store. And stories put in portrayture of things done long afore. Minerva painted Athens towne and Marsis rocke therein, And all the strife betweene hirselfe and Neptune, who should win The honor for to give the name to that same noble towne. In loftie thrones on eyther side of Jove were settled downe Six Peeres of Heaven with countnance grave and full of Majestie, And every of them by his face discerned well might be. The Image of the mightie Jove was Kinglike. She had made Neptunus standing striking with his long thre tyned blade Upon the ragged Rocke: and from the middle of the clift She portrayd issuing out a horse, which was the noble gift For which he chalengde to himselfe the naming of the towne. She picturde out hirselfe with shielde and Morion on hir crowne With Curet on hir brest, and Speare in hand with sharpened ende. She makes the Earth (the which hir Speare doth seeme to strike) to sende An Olyf tree with fruite thereon: and that the Gods thereat Did wonder: and with victorie she finisht up that plat. Yet to th'intent examples olde might make it to be knowne To hir that for desire of praise so stoutly helde hir owne, What guerdon she shoulde hope to have for hir attempt so madde, Foure like contentions in the foure last corners she did adde. The Thracians Heme and Rodope the formost corner hadde: Who being sometime mortall folke usurpt to them the name Of Jove and Juno, and were turnde to mountaines for the same. A Pigmie womans piteous chaunce the second corner shewde,


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 Whome Juno turned to a Crane (bicause she was so lewde As for to stand at strife with hir for beautie) charging hir Against hir native countriefolke continuall war to stir. The thirde had proude Antigone, who durst of pride contende In beautie with the wife of Jove: by whome she in the ende Was turned to a Storke. No whit availed hir the towne Of Troy, or that Laomedon hir father ware a crowne, But that she, clad in feathers white, hir lazie wings must flap. And with a bobbed Bill bewayle the cause of hir missehap. The last had chyldelesse Cinyras: who being turnde to stone, Was picturde prostrate on the grounde, and weeping all alone, And culling fast betweene his armes a Temples greeces fine To which his daughters bodies were transformde by wrath divine. The utmost borders had a wreath of Olyf round about, And this is all the worke the which Minerva portrayd out. For with the tree that she hirselfe had made but late afore She bounded in hir Arras cloth, and then did worke no more. The Lydian maiden in hir web did portray to the full How Europe was by royall Jove beguilde in shape of Bull. A swimming Bull, a swelling Sea, so lively had she wrought, That Bull and Sea in very deede ye might them well have thought. The Ladie seemed looking backe to landwarde and to crie Upon hir women, and to feare the water sprinkling hie, And shrinking up hir fearfull feete. She portrayd also there Asteriee struggling with an Erne which did away hir beare. And over Leda she had made a Swan his wings to splay. She added also how by Jove in shape of Satyr gaye The faire Antiope with a paire of children was besped: And how he tooke Amphitrios shape when in Alcmenas bed He gate the worthie Hercules: and how he also came To Danae like a shoure of golde, to Aegine like a flame, A sheepeherd to Mnemosyne, and like a Serpent sly To Proserpine. She also made Neptunus leaping by Upon a Maide of Aeolus race in likenesse of a Bull, And in the streame Enipeus shape begetting on a trull The Giants Othe and Ephialt, and in the shape of Ram Begetting one Theophane Bisalties ympe with Lam,


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 And in a lustie Stalions shape she made him covering there Dame Ceres with the yellow lockes, and hir whose golden heare Was turnde to crawling Snakes: on whome he gate the winged horse. She made him in a Dolphins shape Melantho to enforce. Of all these things she missed not their proper shapes, nor yit The full and just resemblance of their places for to hit. In likenesse of a Countrie cloyne was Phebus picturde there, And how he now ware Gossehaukes wings, and now a Lions heare. And how he in a shepeherdes shape was practising a wile The daughter of one Macarie, dame Issa, to beguile. And how the faire Erygone by chaunce did suffer rape By Bacchus who deceyved hir in likenesse of a grape. And how that Saturne in the shape of Genet did beget The double Chiron. Round about the utmost Verdge was set A narrow Traile of pretie floures with leaves of Ivie fret. Not Pallas, no, nor spight it selfe could any quarrell picke To this hir worke: and that did touch Minerva to the quicke. Who thereupon did rende the cloth in pieces every whit, Bicause the lewdnesse of the Gods was biased so in it. And with an Arras weavers combe of Box she fiercely smit Arachne on the forehead full a dozen times and more. The Maide impacient in hir heart, did stomacke this so sore, That by and by she hung hirselfe. Howbeit as she hing, Dame Pallas pitying hir estate, did stay hir in the string From death, and said: Lewde Callet live: but hang thou still for mee. And lest hereafter from this curse that time may set thee free, I will that this same punishment enacted firmely bee, As well on thy posteritie for ever as on thee. And after when she should depart, with juice of Hecats flowre She sprinkled hir: and by and by the poyson had such powre, That with the touch thereof hir haire, hir eares, and nose did fade: And verie small it both hir heade and all hir bodie made. In steade of legs, to both hir sides sticke fingars long and fine: The rest is bellie. From the which she nerethelesse doth twine A slender threede, and practiseth in shape of Spider still The Spinners and the Websters crafts of which she erst had skill. All Lydia did repine hereat, and of this deede the fame


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270 host of new expressions for tense and mood by the extensive employment of auxiliaries, which, in their way, afford an admirable analytic substitute for the old synthetic forms. To trace out and describe in full the history of the Indo-European verb, in these and in the other branches of the family, showing the contractions and expansions which it has undergone, down even to such recent additions as the future of the Romanic tongues, and our own preterit in d (the reason and method of whose creation have been explained above, in the third lecture  ), would be a most interesting and instructive task; but it is one which we may not venture here to undertake.

To follow back to its very beginnings the genesis of nouns, and of the forms of nouns, is much more difficult than to explain the origin of verbal forms. Some nouns—of which the Latin vox (voc-s), 'a calling, a voice,' and rex (reg-s), 'one ruling, a king,' are as familiar examples as any within our reach—are produced directly from the roots, by the addition of a different system of inflectional endings; the idea of substantiation or impersonation of the action expressed by the root being arbitrarily laid in them by usage, as was the idea of predication in the forms of the verb. The two words we have instanced may be taken as typical examples of the two classes of derivatives coming most immediately and naturally from the root: the one indicating the action itself, the other, either adjectively or substantively, the actor; the one being of the nature of an infinitive, or abstract verbal noun, the other of a participle, or verbal adjective, easily convertible into an appellative. Even such derivatives, however, as implying a greater modification of the radical idea than is exhibited by the simplest verbal forms, appear to have been from the first mainly made by means of formative elements, suffixes of derivation, comparable with those which belong to the moods and tenses, and the secondary conjugations of the verb. Precisely what these suffixes were, in their origin and primitive substance, and what were the steps of the process by which they lost their independence, and acquired their peculiar value as modifying elements, it is not in most cases feasible to tell.


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 Through Phrygie ran, and through the world was talking of the same. Before hir mariage Niobe had knowen hir verie well, When yet a Maide in Meonie and Sipyle she did dwell. And yet Arachnes punishment at home before hir eyes, To use discreter kinde of talke it could hir not advise, Nor (as behoveth) to the Gods to yeelde in humble wise. For many things did make hir proud. But neyther did the towne The which hir husband builded had, nor houses of renowne Of which they both descended were, nor yet the puissance Of that great Realme wherein they reignde so much hir minde enhaunce (Although the liking of them all did greatly hir delight) As did the offspring of hir selfe. And certenly she might Have bene of mothers counted well most happie, had she not So thought hir selfe. For she whome sage Tyresias had begot, The Prophet Manto, through instinct of heavenly powre, did say These kinde of wordes in open strete: Ye Thebanes go your way Apace, and unto Laton and to Latons children pray, And offer godly Frankinsence, and wreath your haire with Bay. Latona by the mouth of me commaundes you so to do. The Thebane women by and by obeying thereunto, Deckt all their heades with Laurell leaves as Manto did require, And praying with devout intent threw incense in the fire. Beholde out commeth Niobe environde with a garde Of servaunts and a solemne traine that followed afterward. She was hirselfe in raiment made of costly cloth of golde Of Phrygia facion verie brave and gorgeous to beholde. And of hir selfe she was right faire and beautifull of face, But that hir wrathfull stomake then did somewhat staine hir grace. She moving with hir portly heade hir haire the which as then Did hang on both hir shoulders loose, did pawse a while, and when Wyth loftie looke hir stately eyes she rolled had about: What madnesse is it (quoth she) to prefer the heavenly rout Of whome ye doe but heare, to such as daily are in sight? Or why should Laton honored be with Altars? Never wight To my most sacred Majestie did offer incense. Yit My Father was that Tantalus whome only as most fit The Gods among them at their boordes admitted for to sit.


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 A sister of the Pleyades is my mother. Finally My Graundsire on the mothers side is that same Atlas hie That on his shoulders beareth up the heavenly Axeltree. Againe my other Graundfather is Jove, and (as you see) He also is my Fathrinlawe, wherein I glorie may. The Realme of Phrygia here at hand doth unto me obay. In Cadmus pallace I thereof the Ladie doe remaine And joyntly with my husbande I as peerlesse Princesse reigne Both over this same towne whose walles my husbands harpe did frame, And also over all the folke and people in the same. In what soever corner of my house I cast mine eye, A worlde of riches and of goods I everywhere espie. Moreover for the beautie, shape, and favor growen in me, Right well I know I doe deserve a Goddesse for to be. Besides all this, seven sonnes I have and daughters seven likewise, By whome shall shortly sonneinlawes and daughtrinlawes arise. Judge you now if that I have cause of statelynesse or no. How dare ye then prefer to me Latona that same fro The Titan Ceus ympe, to whome then readie downe to lie The hugy Earth a little plot to childe on did denie? From Heaven, from Earth, and from the Sea your Goddesse banisht was, And as an outcast through the world from place to place did passe, Untill that Delos pitying hir, sayde Thou doste fleete on land And I on Sea, and thereupon did lende hir out of hand A place unstable. Of two twinnes there brought abed was she: And this is but the seventh part of the issue borne by me. Right happie am I. Who can this denie? and shall so still I Continue. Who doth doubt of that? Abundance hath and will Preserve me. I am greater than that frowarde fortune may Empeache me. For although she should pull many things away, Yet should she leave me many more. My state is out of feare. Of thys my huge and populous race surmise you that it were Possible some of them should misse: yet can I never be So spoyled that no mo than two shall tarie styll with me. Leave quickly thys lewde sacrifice, and put me off this Bay That on your heads is wreathed thus. They laide it streight away And left their holie rites undone, and closely as they may


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 With secret whispring to themselves to Laton they dyd pray. How much from utter barrennesse the Goddesse was: so much Disdeind she more: and in the top of Cynthus framed such Complaint as this to both hir twinnes. Lo I your mother deare, Who in my bodie once you twaine with painefull travail beare, Loe I whose courage is so stout as for to yeelde to none Of all the other Goddesses except Joves wife alone, Am lately doubted whether I a Goddesse be or no. And if you helpe not, children mine, the case now standeth so That I the honor must from hence of Altars quight forgo. But this is not mine only griefe. Besides hir wicked fact Most railing words hath Niobe to my defacing rackt. She durst prefer hir Barnes to you. And as for me, she naamde Me barren in respect of hir, and was no whit ashaamde To shewe hir fathers wicked tongue which she by birth doth take. This said: Latona was about entreatance for to make. Cease off (quoth Phebus) long complaint is nothing but delay Of punishment, and the selfesame wordes did Phebe also say. And by and by they through the Ayre both gliding swiftly downe, On Cadmus pallace hid in cloudes did light in Thebe towne. A fielde was underneath the wall both levell, large and wide, Betrampled every day with horse that men therin did ride, Where store of Carres and Horses hoves the cloddes to dust had trode. A couple of Amphions sonnes on lustie coursers rode In this same place. Their horses faire Coperisons did weare Of scarlet: and their bridles brave with golde bedecked were. Of whome as Niobs eldest sonne Ismenos hapt to bring His horse about, and reynde him in to make him keepe the ring, He cride alas: and in his brest with that an arrow stacke And by and by hys dying hand did let the bridle slacke. And on the right side of the horse he slipped to the ground. The second brother Sipylus did chaunce to heare the sound Of Quivers clattring in the Ayre, and giving streight the reyne And spur togither to his horse, began to flie amayne: As doth the master of a ship: who when he sees a shoure Approching, by some mistie cloud that ginnes to gloume and loure Doth clap on all his sayles bicause no winde should scape him by


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 Though nere so small. Howbeit as he turned for to flie, He was not able for to scape the Arrow which did stricke Him through the necke. The nocke thereof did shaking upward sticke, The head appeared at his throte. And as he forward gave Himselfe in flying: so to ground he groveling also drave, And toppled by the horses mane and feete amid his race, And with his warme newshedded bloud berayed all the place. But Phedimus, and Tantalus, the heir of the name Of Tantalus, his Graundfather, who customably came From other dailie exercise to wrestling, had begun To close, and eache at other now with brest to brest to run, When Phebus Arrow being sent with force from streyned string Did strike through both of them as they did fast togither cling. And so they sighed both at once, and both at once for paine Fell downe to ground, and both of them at once their eyes did streine To see their latest light, and both at once their ghostes did yeelde. Alphenor this mischaunce of theirs with heavie heart behelde, And scratcht and beate his wofull brest: and therewith flying out To take them up betweene his armes, was as he went about This worke of kindly pitie, killde. For Phebus with a Dart Of deadly dint did rive him through the Bulke and brake his hart. And when the steale was plucked out, a percell of his liver Did hang upon the hooked heade: and so he did deliver His life and bloud into the Ayre departing both togither. But Damasicthon (on whose heade came never scissor) felt Mo woundes than one. It was his chaunce to have a grievous pelt Upon the verie place at which the leg is first begun And where the hamstrings by the joynt with supple sinewes run And while to draw this arrow out he with his hand assaide, Another through his wezant went, and at the feathers staide. The bloud did drive out this againe, and spinning high did spout A great way off, and pierst the Ayre with sprinkling all about. The last of all Ilionie with streched handes, and speche Most humble (but in vaine) did say: O Gods I you beseche Of mercie all in generall. He wist not what he saide Ne how that unto all of them he ought not to have praide. The God that helde the Bow in hande was moved: but as then


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 The Arrow was alredie gone so farre, that backe agen He could not call it. Neerthelesse the wound was verie small Of which he dide, for why his heart it did but lightly gall. The rumor of the mischiefe selfe, and mone of people, and The weeping of hir servants gave the mother t'understand The sodaine stroke of this mischaunce. She wondred verie much And stormed also that the Gods were able to doe such A deede, or durst attempt it, yea she thought it more than right That any of them over hir should have so mickle might. Amphion had fordone himselfe alreadie with a knife, And ended all his sorrowes quite togither with his life. Alas, alas how greatly doth this Niobe differ here From tother Niobe who alate disdaining any Pere Did from Latonas Altars drive hir folke, and through the towne With haultie looke and stately gate went pranking up and downe, Then spighted at among hir owne, but piteous now to those: That heretofore for hir deserts had bene hir greatest foes. She falleth on the corses colde, and taking no regard, Bestowde hir kysses on hir sonnes as whome she afterwarde Did know she never more shoulde kisse. From whome she lifting thoe Hir blew and broosed armes to heaven sayd: O thou cruell foe Latona, feede, yea feede thy selfe I say upon my woe And overgorge thy stomacke, yea and glut thy cruell hart With these my present painefull pangs of bitter griping smart. In corses seven I seven times deade am caried to my grave. Rejoyce thou foe and triumph now in that thou seemste to have The upper hande. What? upper hand? no no it is not so. As wretched as my case doth seeme, yet have I left me mo Than thou for all thy happinesse canst of thine owne account. Even after all these corses yet I still doe thee surmount. Upon the ende of these same wordes the twanging of the string In letting of the Arrow flie was clearly heard: which thing Made every one save Niobe afraide. Hir heart was so With sorrowe hardned, that she grew more bolde. Hir daughters tho Were standing all with mourning weede and hanging haire before Their brothers coffins. One of them in pulling from the sore An Arrow sticking in his heart, sanke downe upon hir brother


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 With mouth to mouth, and so did yeelde hir fleeting ghost. Another In comforting the wretched case and sorrow of hir mother Upon the sodaine helde hir peace. She stricken was within With double wound: which caused hir hir talking for to blin And shut hir mouth: but first hir ghost was gone. One all in vaine Attempting for to scape by flight was in hir flying slaine. Another on hir sisters corse doth tumble downe starke dead. This quakes and trembles piteously, and she doth hide hir head. And when that sixe with sundrye woundes dispatched were and gone, At last as yet remained one: and for to save that one, Hir mother with hir bodie whole did cling about hir fast, And wrying hir did over hir hir garments wholy cast: And cried out: O leave me one: this little one yet save: Of many but this only one the least of all I crave. But while she prayd, for whome she prayd was kild. Then down she sate Bereft of all hir children quite, and drawing to hir fate, Among hir daughters and hir sonnes and husband newly dead. Hir cheekes waxt hard, the Ayre could stirre no haire upon hir head. The colour of hir face was dim and clearly voide of blood, And sadly under open lids hir eyes unmoved stood. In all hir bodie was no life. For even hir verie tung And palat of hir mouth was hard, and eche to other clung. Hir Pulses ceased for to beate, hir necke did cease to bow, Hir armes to stir, hir feete to go, all powre forwent as now. And into stone hir verie wombe and bowels also bind. But yet she wept: and being hoyst by force of whirling wind Was caried into Phrygie. There upon a mountaines top She weepeth still in stone. From stone the drerie teares do drop. Then all both men and women fearde Latonas open ire I And far with greater sumptuousnesse and earnester desire Did worship the great majestie of this their Goddesse who Did beare at once both Phebus and his sister Phebe too. And through occasion of this chaunce, (as men are wont to do In cases like) the people fell to telling things of old Of whome a man among the rest this tale ensuing told. The auncient folke that in the fieldes of fruitfull Lycia dwelt Due penance also for their spight to this same Goddesse felt.


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 The basenesse of the parties makes the thing it selfe obscure. Yet is the matter wonderfull. My selfe I you assure Did presently beholde the Pond, and saw the very place In which this wondrous thing was done. My father then in case, Not able for to travell well by reason of his age, To fetch home certaine Oxen thence made me to be his page, Appointing me a countryman of Lycia to my guide. With whome as I went plodding in the pasture groundes, I spide Amids a certaine Pond an olde square Aultar colourd blacke With cinder of the sacrifice that still upon it stacke. About it round grew wavering Reedes. My guide anon did stay: And softly, O be good to me, he in himselfe did say. And I with like soft whispering did say, Be good to mee. And then I askt him whether that the Altar wee did see Belonged to the Waternymphes, or Faunes or other God Peculiar to the place it selfe upon the which we yod. He made me aunswere thus: My guest, no God of countrie race Is in this Altar worshipped. That Goddesse claymes this place, From whome the wife of mightie Jove did all the world forfend: When wandring restlesse here and there full hardly in the end Unsetled Delos did receyve then floting on the wave, As tide and weather to and fro the swimming Iland drave. There maugre Latona staying by a Date and Olyf tree that sted In travail, of a paire of twinnes was safely brought abed. And after hir delivrance folke report that she for feare Of Junos wrath did flie from hence, and in hir armes did beare Hir babes which afterwarde became two Gods. In which hir travell In Sommer when the scorching Sunne is wont to burne the gravell Of Lycie countrie where the fell Chymera hath his place, The Goddesse wearie with the long continuance of hir race, Waxt thirstie by the meanes of drought with going in the Sunne. Hir babes had also suckt hir brestes as long as milke wold runne. By chaunce she spide this little Pond of water here bylow. And countrie Carles were gathering there these Osier twigs that grow So thicke upon a shrubbie stalke: and of these rushes greene: And flags that in these moorish plots so rife of growing beene.


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 She comming hither kneeled downe the water up to take To coole hir thirst. The churlish cloynes forfended hir the Lake. Then gently said the Goddesse: Sirs, why doe you me forfend The water? Nature doth to all in common water send. For neither Sunne, nor Ayre, nor yet the Water private bee, I seeke but that which natures gift hath made to all things free. And yet I humbly crave of you to graunt it unto mee. I did not go about to wash my werie limmes and skin, I would but only quench my thirst. My throte is scalt within For want of moysture: and my chappes and lippes are parching drie: And scarsly is there way for wordes to issue out thereby. A draught of water will to me be heavenly Nectar now. And sure I will confesse I have received life of you. Yea in your giving of a drop of water unto mee, The case so standeth as you shall preserve the lives of three. Alas let these same sillie soules that in my bosome stretch Their little armes (by chaunce hir babes their pretie dolles did retch) To pitie move you. What is he so hard that would not yeeld To this the gentle Goddesses entreatance meeke and meeld? Yet they for all the humble wordes she could devise to say, Continued in their willfull moode of churlish saying nay, And threatned for to sende hir thence onlesse she went away, Reviling hir most spightfully. And not contented so, With handes and feete the standing Poole they troubled to and fro, Until with trampling up and downe maliciously, the soft And slimie mud that lay beneath was raised up aloft. With that the Goddesse was so wroth that thirst was quight forgot. And unto such unworthie Carles hirselfe she humbleth not: Ne speaketh meaner wordes than might beseeme a Goddesse well. But holding up hir handes to heaven: For ever mought you dwell In this same Pond, she said: hir wish did take effect with speede. For underneath the water they delight to be in deede. Now dive they to the bottome downe, now up their heades they pop, Another while with sprawling legs they swim upon the top. And oftentimes upon the bankes they have a minde to stond, And oftentimes from thence againe to leape into the Pond. And there they now doe practise still their filthy tongues to scold


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 And shamelessely (though underneath the water) they doe hold Their former wont of brawling still amid the water cold. Their voices stil are hoarse and harsh, their throtes have puffed goles, Their chappes with brawling widened are, their hammer headed Jowls Are joyned to their shoulders just, the neckes of them doe seeme Cut off, the ridgebone of their backe stickes up of colour greene. Their paunch which is the greatest part of all their trunck is gray, And so they up and downe the Pond made newly Frogges doe play. When one of Lyce (I wote not who) had spoken in this sort, Another of a Satyr streight began to make report, Whome Phebus overcomming on a pipe (made late ago By Pallas) put to punishment. Why flayest thou me so, Alas, he cride, it irketh me. Alas a sorie pipe Deserveth not so cruelly my skin from me to stripe. For all his crying ore his eares quight pulled was his skin. Nought else he was than one whole wounde. The griesly bloud did spin From every part, the sinewes lay discovered to the eye, The quivering veynes without a skin lay beating nakedly. The panting bowels in his bulke ye might have numbred well, And in his brest the shere small strings a man might easly tell. The Countrie Faunes, the Gods of Woods, the Satyrs of his kin, The Mount Olympus whose renowne did ere that time begin, And all the Nymphes, and all that in those mountaines kept their sheepe, Or grazed cattell thereabouts, did for this Satyr weepe. The fruitfull earth waxt moyst therewith, and moysted did receyve Their teares, and in hir bowels deepe did of the same conceyve. And when that she had turned them to water, by and by She sent them forth againe aloft to see the open Skie. The River that doth rise thereof beginning there his race, In verie deepe and shoring bankes to Seaward runnes apace Through Phrygie, and according as the Satyr, so the streame Is called Marsias, of the brookes the clearest in that Realme. With such examples as these same the common folke returnde To present things, and every man through all the Citie moornde For that Amphion was destroyde with all his issue so. But all the fault and blame was laide upon the mother tho. For hir alonly Pelops mournde (as men report) and hee


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Rh In opening of his clothes did shewe that everie man might see His shoulder on the left side bare of Ivorie for to bee. This shoulder at his birth was like his tother both in hue And flesh, untill his fathers handes most wickedly him slue, And that the Gods when they his limmes againe togither drue, To joyne them in their proper place and forme by nature due, Did finde out all the other partes, save only that which grue Betwene the throteboll and the arme, which when they could not get This other made of Ivorie white in place therof they set And by that meanes was Pelops made againe both whole and sound. The neyghbor Princes thither came, and all the Cities round About besought their Kings to go and comfort Thebe: as Arge And Sparta, and Mycene which was under Pelops charge, And Calydon unhated of the frowning Phebe yit, The welthie towne Orchomenos, and Corinth which in it Had famous men for workmanship in mettals: and the stout Messene which full twentie yeares did hold besiegers out. And Patre, and the lowly towne Cleona, Nelies Pyle, And Troyzen not surnamed yet Pittheia for a while. And all the other Borough townes and Cities which doe stand Within the narrow balke at which two Seas doe meete at hand, Or which do bound upon the balke without in maine firme land. Alonly Athens (who would thinke?) did neither come nor send. Warre barred them from courtesie the which they did entend. The King of Pontus with an host of savage people lay In siege before their famous waHes and curstly did them fray. Untill that Tereus, King of Thrace, approching to their ayde, Did vanquish him, and with renowne was for his labor payde. And sith he was so puissant in men and ready coyne, And came of mightie Marsis race, Pandion sought to joyne Aliance with him by and by, and gave him to his Feere His daughter Progne. At this match (as after will appeare) Was neyther Juno, President of mariage wont to bee, Nor Hymen, no nor any one of all the graces three. The Furies snatching Tapers up that on some Herce did stande Did light them, and before the Bride did beare them in their hande. The Furies made the Bridegroomes bed. And on the house did rucke


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 A cursed Owle the messenger of yll successe and lucke. And all the night time while that they were lying in their beds, She sate upon the bedsteds top right over both their heds. Such handsell Progne had the day that Tereus did hir wed. Such handsell had they when that she was brought of childe abed. All Thracia did rejoyce at them, and thankt their Gods, and willd That both the day of Prognes match with Tereus should be hild For feastfull, and the day likewise that Itys first was borne: So little know we what behoves. The Sunne had now outworne Five Harvests, and by course five times had run his yearly race, When Progne flattring Tereus saide: If any love or grace Betweene us be, send eyther me my sister for to see, Or finde the meanes that hither she may come to visit mee. You may assure your Fathrinlaw she shall againe returne Within a while. Ye doe to me the highest great good turne That can be, if you bring to passe I may my sister see. Immediatly the King commaundes his shippes aflote to bee. And shortly after, what with sayle and what with force of Ores, In Athens haven he arrives and landes at Pyrey shores. As soone as of his fathrinlaw the presence he obtainde, And had of him bene courteously and friendly entertainde, Unhappie handsell entred with their talking first togither. The errandes of his wife, the cause of his then comming thither, He had but new begon to tell, and promised that when She had hir sister seene, she should with speede be sent agen: When (see the chaunce) came Philomele in raiment very rich, And yet in beautie farre more rich, even like the Fairies which Reported are the pleasant woods and water springs to haunt, So that the like apparell and attire to them you graunt. King Tereus at the sight of hir did burne in his desire, As if a man should chaunce to set a gulfe of come on fire, Or burne a stacke of hay. Hir face in deede deserved love. But as for him, to fleshly lust even nature did him move. For of those countries commonly the people are above All measure prone to lecherie. And therefore both by kinde His flame encreast, and by his owne default of vicious minde. He purposde fully to corrupt hir servants with reward:


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 Or for to bribe hir Nurce, that she should slenderly regarde Hir dutie to hir mistresseward. And rather than to fayle, The Ladie even hirselfe with gifts he minded to assayle, And all his kingdome for to spend, or else by force of hand To take hir, and in maintenance thereof by sword to stand. There was not under heaven the thing but that he durst it prove, So far unable was he now to stay his lawlesse love. Delay was deadly. Backe againe with greedie minde he came Of Prognes errands for to talke: and underneath the same He workes his owne ungraciousnesse. Love gave him power to frame His talke at will. As oft as he demaunded out of square, Upon his wives importunate desire himselfe he bare. He also wept: as though his wife had willed that likewise. O God, what blindnesse doth the heartes of mortall men disguise? By working mischiefe Tereus gets him credit for to seeme A loving man, and winneth praise by wickednesse extreeme. Yea and the foolish Philomele the selfesame thing desires. Who hanging on hir fathers necke with flattring armes, requires Against hir life and for hir life his licence for to go To see hir sister. Tereus beholdes hir wistly tho, And in beholding handles hir with heart. For when he saw Hir kisse hir father, and about his necke hir armes to draw, They all were spurres to pricke him forth, and wood to feede his fire, And foode of forcing nourishment to further his desire. As oft as she hir father did betweene hir armes embrace, So often wished he himselfe hir father in that case. For nought at all should that in him have wrought the greater grace. Hir father could not say them nay, they lay at him so sore. Right glad thereof was Philomele and thanked him therefore. And wretched wench she thinkes she had obtained such a thing, As both to Progne and hir selfe should joy and comfort bring, When both of them in verie deede should afterward it rew. To endward of his daily race and travell Phebus drew, And on the shoring side of Heaven his horses downeward flew. A princely supper was prepaarde, and wine in golde was set: And after meate to take their rest the Princes did them get. But though the King of Thrace that while were absent from hir sight,


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 Yet swelted he: and in his minde revolving all the night Hir face, hir gesture, and hir hands, imaginde all the rest (The which as yet he had not seene) as likte his fancie best. He feedes his flames himselfe. No winke could come within his eyes, For thinking ay on hir. As soone as day was in the skies, Pandion holding in his hand the hand of Tereus prest To go his way, and sheading teares betooke him thus his guest: Deare sonneinlaw I give thee here (sith godly cause constraines) This Damsell. By the faith that in thy Princely heart remaines, And for our late aliance sake, and by the Gods above, I humbly thee beseche that as a Father thou doe love And maintaine hir, and that as soone as may be (all delay Will unto me seeme over long) thou let hir come away, The comfort of my carefull age on whome my life doth stay. And thou my daughter Philomele (it is inough ywis That from hir father set so farre thy sister Progne is) If any sparke of nature doe within thy heart remayne, With all the haaste and speede thou canst returne to me againe. In giving charge he kissed hir: and downe his cheekes did raine The tender teares, and as a pledge of faith he tooke the right Handes of them both, and joyning them did eche to other plight, Desiring them to beare in minde his commendations to His daughter and hir little sonne. And then with much adoe For sobbing, at the last he bad adew as one dismaid. The foremisgiving of his minde did make him sore afraid. As soone as Tereus and the Maide togither were aboord, And that their ship from land with Ores was haled on the foord, The fielde is ours, he cride aloude, I have the thing I sought And up he skipt, so barbrous and so beastly was his thought, That scarce even there he could forbeare his pleasure to have wrought. His eye went never off of hir: as when the scarefull Erne With hooked talants trussing up a Hare among the Ferne, Hath laid hir in his nest, from whence the prisoner can not scape, The ravening fowle with greedie eyes upon his pray doth gape. Now was their journey come to ende: now were they gone aland In Thracia, when that Tereus tooke the Ladie by the hand, And led hir to a pelting graunge that peakishly did stand


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 In woods forgrowen. There waxing pale and trembling sore for feare, And dreading all things, and with teares demaunding sadly where Hir sister was, he shet hir up: and therewithall bewraide His wicked lust, and so by force bicause she was a Maide And all alone he vanquisht hir. It booted nought at all That she on sister, or on Sire, or on the Gods did call. She quaketh like the wounded Lambe which from the Wolves hore teeth New shaken thinkes hir selfe not safe: or as the Dove that seeth Hir fethers with hir owne bloud staynde, who shuddring still doth feare The greedie Hauke that did hir late with griping talants teare. Anon when that this mazednesse was somewhat overpast, She rent hir haire, and beate hir brest, and up to heavenward cast Hir hands in mourningwise, and said: O cankerd Carle, O fell And cruell Tyrant, neyther could the godly teares that fell Adowne my fathers cheekes when he did give thee charge of mee, Ne of my sister that regarde that ought to be in thee, Nor yet my chaaste virginitie, nor conscience of the lawe Of wedlocke, from this villanie thy barbrous heart withdraw? Is made a Cucqueane: and thy selfe through this offence of thee Art made a husband to us both, and unto me a foe, Behold thou hast confounded all. My sister thorough mee A just deserved punishment for lewdly doing so. But to th'intent, O perjurde wretch, no mischiefe may remaine Unwrought by thee, why doest thou from murdring me refraine? Would God thou had it done before this wicked rape. From hence Then should my soule most blessedly have gone without offence. But if the Gods doe see this deede, and if the Gods, I say, Be ought, and in this wicked worlde beare any kinde of sway And if with me all other things decay not, sure the day Will come that for this wickednesse full dearly thou shalt pay. Yea I my selfe rejecting shame thy doings will bewray. And if I may have power to come abrode, them blase I will In open face of all the world. Or if thou keepe me still As prisoner in these woods, my voyce the verie woods shall fill, And make the stones to understand. Let Heaven to this give care And all the Gods and powers therein if any God be there. The cruell tyrant being chaaft and also put in feare


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 With these and other such hir wordes, both causes so him stung, That drawing out his naked sworde that at his girdle hung, He tooke hir rudely by the haire, and wrung hir hands behind hir, Compelling hir to holde them there while he himselfe did bind hir. When Philomela sawe the sworde, she hoapt she should have dide, And for the same hir naked throte she gladly did provide. But as she yirnde and called ay upon hir fathers name, And strived to have spoken still, the cruell tyrant came And with a paire of pinsons fast did catch hir by the tung, And with his sword did cut it off. The stumpe whereon it hung Did patter still. The tip fell downe and quivering on the ground As though that it had murmured it made a certaine sound. And as an Adders tayle cut off doth skip a while: even so The tip of Philomelaas tongue did wriggle to and fro, And nearer to hir mistresseward in dying still did go. And after this most cruell act, for certaine men report That he (I scarcely dare beleve) did oftentimes resort To maymed Philomela and abusde hir at his will: Yet after all this wickednesse he keeping countnance still, Durst unto Progne home repaire. And she immediatly Demaunded where hir sister was. He sighing feynedly Did tell hir falsly she was dead: and with his suttle teares He maketh all his tale to seeme of credit in hir eares. Hir garments glittring all with golde she from hir shoulders teares And puts on blacke, and setteth up an emptie Herce, and keepes A solemne obite for hir soule, and piteously she weepes And waileth for hir sisters fate who was not in such wise As that was, for to be bewailde. The Sunne had in the Skies Past through the twelve celestiall signes, and finisht full a yeare. But what should Philomela doe? She watched was so neare That start she could not for hir life. The walles of that same graunge Were made so high of maine hard stone, that out she could not raunge. Againe hir tunglesse mouth did want the utterance of the fact. Great is the wit of pensivenesse, and when the head is rakt With hard misfortune, sharpe forecast of practise entereth in. A warpe of white upon a frame of Thracia she did pin, And weaved purple letters in betweene it, which bewraide


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 The wicked deede of Tereus. And having done, she praide A certaine woman by hir signes to beare them to hir mistresse. She bare them and deliverde them not knowing nerethelesse What was in them. The Tyrants wife unfolded all the clout, And of hir wretched fortune red the processe whole throughout. She held hir peace (a wondrous thing it is she should so doe) But sorrow tide hir tongue, and wordes agreeable unto Hir great displeasure were not at commaundment at that stound. And weepe she could not. Ryght and wrong she reckeneth to confound, And on revengement of the deede hir heart doth wholy ground. It was the time that wives of Thrace were wont to celebrate The three yeare rites of Bacchus which were done a nighttimes late. A nighttimes soundeth Rhodope of tincling pannes and pots: A nighttimes giving up hir house abrode Queene Progne trots Disguisde like Bacchus other froes and armed to the proofe With all the frenticke furniture that serves for that behoofe. Hir head was covered with a vine. About hir loose was tuckt A Reddeeres skin, a lightsome Launce upon hir shoulder ruckt. In post gaddes terrible Progne through the woods, and at hir heeles A flocke of froes. And where the sting of sorrow which she feeles Enforceth hir to furiousnesse, she feynes it to proceede Of Bacchus motion. At the length she finding out in deede The outset Graunge howlde out, and cride, Now well, and open brake The gates, and streight hir sister thence by force of hand did take, And veyling hir in like attire of Bacchus, hid hir head With Ivie leaves, and home to Court hir sore amazed led. As soone as Philomela wist she set hir foote within That cursed house, the wretched soule to shudther did begin, And all hir face waxt pale. Anon hir sister getting place Did pull off Bacchus mad attire, and making bare hir face Embraced hir betweene hir armes. But she considering that Queene Progne was a Cucqueane made by meanes of hir, durst nat Once raise hir eyes: but on the ground fast fixed helde the same. And where she woulde have taken God to witnesse that the shame And villanie was wrought to hir by violence, she was fayne To use hir hand in stead of speache. Then Progne chaaft amaine, And was not able in hir selfe hir choler to restraine.


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 But blaming Philomela for hir weeping, said these wordes: Thou must not deale in this behalfe with weeping, but with swordes: Or with some thing of greater force than swords. For my part, I Am readie, yea and fully bent all mischiefe for to trie. This pallace will I eyther set on fire, and in the same Bestow the cursed Tereus the worker of our shame: Or pull away his tongue: or put out both his eyes: or cut Away those members which have thee to such dishonor put: Or with a thousand woundes expulse that sinfull soule of his. The thing that I doe purpose on is great, what ere it is. I know not what it may be yet. While Progne hereunto Did set hir minde, came Itys in, who taught hir what to doe. She staring on him cruelly, said: Ah, how like thou art Thy wicked father, and without moe wordes a sorowfull part She purposed, such inward ire was boyling in hir heart. But notwithstanding when hir sonne approched to hir neare, And lovingly had greeted hir by name of mother deare, And with his pretie armes about the necke had hugde hir fast, And flattring wordes with childish toyes in kissing forth had cast, The mothers heart of hirs was then constreyned to relent, Asswaged wholy was the rage to which she erst was bent, And from hir eyes against hir will the teares enforced went. But when she saw how pitie did compell hir heart to yeelde, She turned to hir sisters face from Itys, and behelde Now t'one, now tother earnestly and said: Why tattles he And she sittes dumbe bereft of tongue? as well why calles not she Me sister, as this boy doth call me mother? Seest thou not, Thou daughter of Pandion, what a husband thou hast got? Thou growest wholy out of kinde. To such a husband as Is Tereus, pitie is a sinne. No more delay there was. She dragged Itys after hir, as when it happes in Inde A Tyger gets a little Calfe that suckes upon a Hynde And drags him through the shadie woods. And when that they had found A place within the house far off and far above the ground, Then Progne strake him with a sword now plainly seeing whother He should, and holding up his handes, and crying mother, mother, And flying to hir necke: even where the brest and side doe bounde,


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Rh And never turnde away hir face. Inough had bene that wound Alone to bring him to his ende. The tother sister slit His throte. And while some life and soule was in his members yit, In gobbits they them rent: whereof were some in Pipkins boyld, And other some on hissing spits against the fire were broyld, And with the gellied bloud of him was all the chamber foyld. To this same banquet Progne bade hir husband knowing nought Nor nought mistrusting of the harme and lewdnesse she had wrought. And feyning a solemnitie according to the guise Of Athens, at the which there might be none in any wise Besides hir husband and hir selfe, she banisht from the same Hir householde folke and sojourners, and such as guestwise came. King Tereus sitting in the throne of his forefathers, fed And swallowed downe the selfesame flesh that of his bowels bred. And he (so blinded was his heart) Fetch Itys hither, sed. No lenger hir most cruell joy dissemble could the Queene. But of hir murther coveting the messenger to beene, She said: The thing thou askest for, thou hast within. About He looked round, and asked where? To put him out of dout, As he was yet demaunding where, and calling for him: out Lept Philomele with scattred haire aflaight like one that fled Had from some fray where slaughter was, and threw the bloudy head Of Itys in his fathers face. And never more was shee Desirous to have had hir speache, that able she might be Hir inward joy with worthie wordes to witnesse franke and free. The tyrant with a hideous noyse away the table shoves: And reeres the fiends from Hell. One while with yawning mouth he proves To perbrake up his meate againe, and cast his bowels out. Another while with wringing handes he weeping goes about. And of his sonne he termes himselfe the wretched grave. Anon With naked sword and furious heart he followeth fierce upon Pandions daughters. He that had bene present would have deemde Their bodies to have hovered up with fethers. As they seemde, So hovered they with wings in deede. Of whome the one away To woodward flies, the other still about the house doth stay. And of their murther from their brestes not yet the token goth, For even still yet are stainde with bloud the fethers of them both.


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Rh And he through sorrow and desire of vengeance waxing wight, Became a Bird upon whose top a tuft of feathers light In likenesse of a Helmets crest doth trimly stand upright. In stead of his long sword, his bill shootes out a passing space: A Lapwing named is this Bird, all armed seemes his face. The sorrow of this great mischaunce did stop Pandions breath Before his time, and long ere age determinde had his death. Erecthey reigning after him the government did take: A Prince of such a worthinesse as no man well can make Resolution, if he more in armes or justice did excell. Foure sonnes, and daughters foure he had. Of which a couple well Did eche in beautie other match. The one of these whose name Was Procris unto Cephalus, King Aeolus sonne, became A happie wife. The Thracians and King Tereus were a let To Boreas: so that long it was before the God could gt His dearbeloved Orithya, while trifling he did stand With faire entreatance rather than did use the force of hand. But when he saw he no reliefe by gentle meanes could finde, Then turning unto boystous wrath (which unto that same winde Is too familiar and too much accustomed by kinde) He said: I served am but well: for whylaid I apart My proper weapons, fiercenesse, force, and ire, and cruell hart? And fell to fauning like a foole, which did me but disgrace? For me is violence meete. Through this the pestred cloudes I chace. Through this I tosse the Seas. Through this I turne up knottie Okes, And harden Snow, and beate the ground in hayle with sturdie strokes, When I my brothers chaunce to get in open Ayre and Skie. (For that is my fielde in the which my maisteries I doe trie) I charge upon them with such brunt, that of our meeting smart The Heaven betweene us soundes, and from the hollow Cloudes doth start Enforced fire. And when I come in holes of hollow ground, And fiersly in those emptie caves doe rouse my backe up round, I trouble even the ghostes, and make the verie world to quake. This helpe in wooing of my wife (to speede) I should have take. Erecthey should not have bene prayde my Fatherinlaw to bee: He should have bene compelde thereto by stout extremitie.


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 In speaking these or other wordes as sturdie, Boreas gan To flaske his wings. With waving of the which he raysed than So great a gale, that all the earth was blasted therewithall, And troubled was the maine brode Sea. And as he traylde his pall Bedusted over highest tops of things, he swept the ground. And having now in smokie cloudes himselfe enclosed round, Betweene his duskie wings he caught Orithya straught for feare, And like a lover, verie soft and easly did hir beare. And as he flew, the flames of love enkindled more and more By meanes of stirring. Neither did he stay his flight before He came within the land and towne of Cicons with his pray. And there soone after being made his wife she hapt to lay Hir belly, and a paire of boyes she at a burthen brings, Who else in all resembled full their mother, save in wings The which they of their father tooke. Howbeit (by report) They were not borne with wings upon their bodies in this sort. While Calais and Zetes had no beard upon their chin, They both were callow. But as soone as haire did once begin In likenesse of a yellow Downe upon their cheekes to sprout, Then (even as comes to passe in Birdes) the feathers budded out Togither on their pinyons too, and spreaded round about On both their sides. And finally when childhod once was spent And youth come on, togither they with other Minyes went To Colchos in the Galley that was first devisde in Greece, Upon a sea as then unknowen, to fetch the golden fleece.


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VII.] But they were obviously in great part of pronominal origin, and in the acts of linguistic usage which stamped upon them their distinctive value there is much which would seem abrupt, arbitrary, or even perhaps inconceivable, to one who has not been taught by extensive studies among various tongues how violent and seemingly far-fetched are the mutations and transfers to which the material of linguistic structure is often submitted—on how remote an analogy, how obscure a suggestion, a needed name or form is sometimes founded. Verbal roots, as well as pronominal, were certainly also pressed early into the same service: composition of root with root, of derived form with form, the formation of derivative from derivative, went on actively, producing in sufficient variety the means of limitation and individualization of the indeterminate radical idea, of its reduction to appellative condition, so as to be made capable of designating by suitable names the various beings, substances, acts, states, and qualities, observed both in the world of matter and in that of mind.

This class of derivatives from roots was provided with another, a movable, set of suffixes, which we call case-endings, terminations of declension. Where, as in the case of our two examples vox and rex, the theme of declension was coincident with the verbal root, the declensional endings themselves were sufficient to mark the distinction of noun from verb, without the aid of a suffix of derivation. They formed a large and complicated system, and were charged with the designation of various relations. In the first place, they indicated case, or the kind of relation sustained by the noun to`which they were appended to the principal action of the sentence in which it was used, whether as subject, as direct object, or as indirect object with implication of meanings which we express by means of prepositions, such as with, from, in, of. Of cases thus distinguished there were seven. Three of them distinctly indicated local relations: the ablative (of which the earliest traceable form has t or d for its ending: thus, Sanskrit açvāt, Old Latin equod, 'from a horse') denoted the relation expressed by from; the locative (with the ending i), that expressed by in; the instrumental (with


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nd now in ship of Pagasa the Mynies cut the seas. And leading under endlesse night his age in great disease Of scarcitie was Phiney seene, and Boreas sonnes had chaste Away the Maidenfaced foules that did his victels waste. And after suffring many things in noble Jasons band, In muddie Phasis gushing streame at last they went aland. There while they going to the King demaund the golden fleece Brought thither certaine yeares before by Phryxus out of Greece, And of their dreadfull labors wait an answere to receive: Aeëtas daughter in hir heart doth mightie flames conceyve. And after strugling verie long, when reason could not win The upper hand of rage: she thus did in hir selfe begin: In vaine, Medea, doste thou strive: some God what ere he is   Against thee bendes his force. For what a wondrous thing is this? Is any thing like this which men doe terme by name of Love? For why should I my fathers hestes esteeme so hard above All measure? sure in very deede they are too hard and sore. Why feare I lest yon straunger whome I never saw before Should perish? what should be the cause of this my feare so great? Unhappie wench (and if thou canst) suppresse this uncouth heat That burneth in thy tender brest: and if so be I coulde, A happie turne it were, and more at ease then be I shoulde. But now an uncouth maladie perforce against my will Doth hale me. Love persuades me one, another thing my skill. The best I see and like: the worst I follow headlong still. Why being of the royall bloud so fondly doste thou rave, Upon a straunger thus to dote, desiring for to have An husband of another world? at home thou mightest finde A lover meete for thine estate on whome to set thy minde. And yet it is but even a chaunce if he shall live or no: God graunt him for to live. I may without offence pray so, Although I lovde him not: for what hath Jason trespast me? Who woulde not pitie Jasons youth onlesse they cruell be? What creature is there but his birth and prowesse might him move?


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 And setting all the rest asyde, who woulde not be in love With Jasons goodlie personage? my heart assuredly Is toucht therewith. But if that I provide not remedie, With burning breath of blasting Bulles needes sindged must he bee. Of seedes that he himselfe must sow a harvest shall he see Of armed men in battell ray upon the ground up grow Against the which it hoveth him his manhode for to show. And as a pray he must be set against the Dragon fell. If I these things let come to passe, I may confesse right well That of a Tyger I was bred: and that within my brest A heart more harde than any steele or stonie rocke doth rest. Why rather doe I not his death with wrathfull eyes beholde? And joy with others seeing him to utter perill solde? Why doe I not enforce the Bulles against him? Why, I say, Exhort I not the cruell men which shall in battell ray Arise against him from the ground? and that same Dragon too Within whose eyes came never sleepe? God shield I so should doo. But prayer smally bootes, except I put to helping hand. And shall I like a Caytife then betray my fathers land? Shall I a straunger save whome we nor none of ours doth know? That he by me preserved may without me homeward row? And take another to his wife, and leave me, wretched wight, To torments? If I wist that he coulde worke me such a spight, Or could in any others love than only mine delight, The Churle should die for me. But sure he beareth not the face Like one that wold doe so. His birth, his courage, and his grace Doe put me clearly out of doubt he will not me deceyve, No nor forget the great good turnes he shall by me receyve. Yet shall he to me first his faith for more assurance plight And solemly he shall be sworne to keepe the covenant right. Why fearste thou now without a cause? step to it out of hand: And doe not any lenger time thus lingring fondly stand. For ay shall Jason thinke himselfe beholding unto thee: And shall thee marrie solemly: yea honored shalt thou bee Of all the Mothers great and small throughout the townes of Greece For saving of their sonnes that come to fetch the golden fleece. And shall I then leave brother, sister, father, kith and kin?


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 And household Gods, and native soyle, and all that is therein? And saile I know not whither with a straunger? Yea: why not? My father surely cruell is, my Countrie rude God wot: My brother yet a verie babe: my sister I dare say Contented is with all hir heart that I should go away: The greatest God is in my selfe: the things I doe forsake Are trifles in comparison of those that I shall take. For saving of the Greekish ship renoumed shall I bee. A better place I shall enjoy with Cities riche and free, Whose fame doth florish fresh even here, and people that excell In civill life and all good Artes: and whome I would not sell For all the goods within the worlde, Duke Aesons noble sonne. Whome had I to my lawfull Feere assuredly once wonne, Most happie yea and blest of God I might my selfe account, And with my head above the starres to heaven I should surmount. But men report that certaine rockes (I know not what) doe meete Amid the waves, and monstrously againe asunder fleete: And how Charybdis, utter foe to ships that passe thereby, Now sowpeth in, now speweth out the Sea incessantly: And ravening Scylla being hemde with cruell dogs about, Amids the gulfe of Sicilie doth make a barking out. What skilleth that? As long as I enjoy the thing I love, And hang about my Jasons necke, it shall no whit me move To saile the daungerous Seas: as long as him I may embrace I cannot surely be afraide in any kinde of case. Or if I chaunce to be afraide, my feare shall only tende But for my husband. Callste thou him thy husband? Doste pretende Gay titles to thy foule offence, Medea? nay not so: But rather looke about how great a lewdnesse thou doste go, And shun the mischiefe while thou mayst. She had no sooner said These wordes, but right and godlinesse and shamefastnesse were staid Before hir eyes, and frantick love did flie away dismaid. She went me to an Altar that was dedicate of olde To Perseys daughter Hecate (of whome the witches holde As of their Goddesse) standing in a thicke and secrete wood So close it coulde not well be spide: and now the raging mood Of furious love was well alaide and clearely put to flight:


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 When spying Aesons sonne, the flame that seemed quenched quight Did kindle out of hand againe. Hir cheekes began to glowe, And flushing over all hir face the scarlet bloud did flowe. And even as when a little sparke that was in ashes hid, Uncovered with the whisking windes is from the ashes rid, Eftsoones it taketh nourishment and kindleth in such wise, That to his former strength againe and flaming it doth rise: Even so hir quailed love which late ye would have thought had quight Bene vanisht out of minde, as soone as Jason came in sight Did kindle to his former force in vewing of the grace With which he did avaunce himselfe then comming there in place. And (as it chaunced) farre more faire and beautifull of face She thought him then than ever erst, but sure it doth behove Hir judgement should be borne withall bicause she was in love. She gapte and gazed in his face with fixed staring eyen As though she never had him seene before that instant time. So farre she was beside hir selfe she thought it should not bee The face of any worldly wight the which she then did see. She was not able for hir life to turne hir eyes away, But when he tooke hir by the hand and speaking gan to pray Hir softly for to succor him, and promisde faithfully To take hir to his wedded wife, she falling by and by A weeping, said: Sir, what I doe I see apparantly. Not want of knowledge of the truth but love shall me deceive. You shalbe saved by my meanes. And now I must receive A faithfull promise at your hand for saving of your life. He made a solemne vow, and sware to take hir to his wife, By triple Hecates holie rites, and by what other power So ever else had residence within that secret bower, And by the Sire of him that should his Fathrinlaw become Who all things doth behold, and as he hopte to overcome The dreadfull daungers which he had soone after to assay. Duke Jason being credited receivde of hir streight way Enchaunted herbes: and having learnde the usage of the same, Departed thence with merrie heart, and to his lodging came. Next Morne had chaste the streaming stars: and folke by heapes did flocke To Marsis sacred field, and there stoode thronging in a shocke,


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 To see the straunge pastimes. The King most stately to beholde With yvorie Mace above them all did sit in throne of golde. Anon the brazenhoved Bulles from stonie nostrils cast Out flakes of fire: their scalding breath the growing grasse did blast. And looke what noise a chimney full of burning fewell makes, Or Flint in softning in the Kell when first the fire it takes By sprincling water thereupon: such noyse their boyling brests Turmoyling with the firie flames enclosed in their chests, Such noise their scorched throtebolles make. Yet stoutly Jason went To meete them. They their dreadfull eyes against him grimly bent, ' And eke their homes with yron tipt: and strake the dust about In stamping with their cloven clees: and with their belowing out Set all the fielde upon a smoke. The Mynies seeing that Were past their wits with sodaine feare, but Jason feeled nat So much as any breath of theirs: such strength hath sorcerie. Their dangling Dewlaps with his hand he coyd unfearfully. And putting yokes upon their neckes he forced them to draw The heavie burthen of the plough which erst they never saw, And for to breake the fielde which erst had never felt the share. The men of Colchos seeing this, like men amazed fare. The Mynies with their shouting out their mazednesse augment, And unto Jason therewithall give more encouragement. Then in a souldiers cap of steele a Vipers teeth he takes, And sowes them in the new plowde fielde. The ground then soking makes The seede foresteepte in poyson strong, both supple lithe and soft, And of these teeth a right straunge graine there growes anon aloft. For even as in the mothers wombe an infant doth begin To take the lively shape of man, and formed is within To due proportion piece by piece in every limme, and when Full ripe he is, he takes the use of Aire with other men: So when that of the Vipers teeth the perfect shape of man Within the bowels of the earth was formed, they began To rise togither orderly upon the fruitefull fielde: And (which a greater wonder is) immediatly they wielde Their weapons growing up with them, whom when the Greekes behilde Preparing for to push their Pikes (which sharply headed were) In Jasons face, downe went their heades, their heartes did faint for feare:


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 And also she that made him safe began abasht to bee. For when against one naked man so huge an armie shee Beheld of armed enmies bent, hir colour did abate And sodainly both voyd of bloud and livelie heate she sate. And lest the chaunted weedes the which she had him given before Should faile at neede, a helping charme she whispred overmore, And practisde other secret Artes the which she kept in store. He casting streight a mightie stone amid his thickest foes, Doth voyde the battell from him selfe and turnes it unto those. These earthbred brothers by and by did one another wound And never ceased till that all lay dead upon the ground. The Greekes were glad, and in their armes did clasp their Champion stout, And clinging to him earnestly embraced him about. And thou fond Medea too couldst well have found in hart The Champion for to have embraste, but that withheld thou wart By shamefastnesse, and yet thou hadst embraced him, if dread Of stayning of thine honor had not staid thee in that stead. But yet as far forth as thou maist, thou doste in heart rejoyce, And secretly (although without expressing it in voyce) Doste thanke thy charmes and eke the Gods as Authors of the same. Now was remaining as the last conclusion of this game, By force of chaunted herbes to make the watchfull Dragon sleepe Within whose eyes came never winke: who had in charge to keepe The goodly tree upon the which the golden fleeces hung. With crested head, and hooked pawes, and triple spirting tung, Right ougly was he to beholde. When Jason had besprent Him with the juice of certaine herbes from Lethey River sent, And thrice had mumbled certaine wordes which are of force to cast So sound a sleepe on things that even as dead a time they last, Which make the raging surges calme and flowing Rivers stay, The dreadfull Dragon by and by (whose eyes before that day Wist never erst what sleeping ment) did fall so fast asleepe That Jason safely tooke the fleece of golde that he did keepe. Of which his bootie being proud, he led with him away The Author of his good successe another fairer pray: And so with conquest and a wife he loosde from Colchos strand, And in Larissa haven safe did go againe aland.


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 The auncient men of Thessalie togither with their wives To Church with offrings gone for saving of their childrens lives. Great heapes of fuming frankincense were fryed in the flame And vowed Bulles to sacrifice with homes faire gilded came. But from this great solemnitie Duke Aeson was away, Now at deathes door and spent with yeares. Then Jason thus gan say: O wife to whome I doe confesse I owe my life in deede, Though al things thou to me hast given, and thy deserts exceede Beleife: yet if enchauntment can, (for what so hard appeares Which strong enchauntment can not doe?) abate thou from my yeares, And add them to my fathers life. As he these wordes did speake, The teares were standing in his eyes. His godly sute did breake Medeas heart: who therewithall bethought hir of hir Sire In leaving whome she had exprest a far unlike desire. But yet bewraying not hir thoughts, she said: O Husband fie, What wickednesse hath scapt your mouth? Suppose you then that I Am able of your life the terme where I will to bestow? Let Hecat never suffer that. Your sute (as well you know) Against all right and reason is. But I will put in proofe A greater gift than you require and more for your behoofe. I will assay your father's life by cunning to prolong, And not with your yeares for to make him yong againe and strong: So our threeformed Goddesse graunt with present helpe to stand A furthrer of the great attempt the which I take in hand. Before the Moone should circlewise close both hir homes in one Three nightes were yet as then to come. As soon as that she shone Most full of light, and did behold the earth with fulsome face, Medea with hir haire not trust so much as in a lace, But flaring on hir shoulders twaine, and barefoote, with hir gowne Ungirded, gate hir out of doores and wandred up and downe Alone the dead time of the night. Both Man, and Beast, and Bird Were fast asleepe: the Serpents slie in trayling forward stird So softly as ye would have thought they still asleepe had bene. The moysting Ayre was whist. No leafe ye could have moving sene. The starres alonly faire and bright did in the welkin shine To which she lifting up hir handes did thrise hirselfe encline: And thrice with water of the brooke hir haire besprincled shee:


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 And gasping thrise she opte hir mouth: and bowing downe hir knee Upon the bare hard ground, she said: O trustie time of night Most faithfull unto privities, O golden starres whose light Doth jointly with the Moone succeede the beames that blaze by day And thou three headed Hecate who knowest best the way To compasse this our great attempt and art our chiefest stay: Ye Charmes and Witchcrafts, and thou Earth which both with herbe and weed Of mightie working furnishest the Wizardes at their neede: Ye Ayres and windes: ye Elves of Hilles, of Brookes, of Woods alone, Of standing Lakes, and of the Night approche ye everychone. Through helpe of whom (the crooked bankes much wondring at the thing) I have compelled streames to run cleane backward to their spring. By charmes I make the calme Seas rough, and make the rough Seas plaine, And cover all the Skie with Cloudes and chase them thence againe. By charmes I raise and lay the windes, and burst the Vipers jaw. And from the bowels of the Earth both stones and trees doe draw. Whole woods and Forestes I remove: I make the Mountaines shake, And even the Earth it selfe to grone and fearfully to quake. I call up dead men from their graves: and thee lightsome Moone I darken oft, though beaten brasse abate thy perill soone. Our Sorcerie dimmes the Morning faire, and darkes the Sun at Noone. The flaming breath of firie Bulles ye quenched for my sake And caused their unwieldie neckes the bended yoke to take. Among the Earthbred brothers you a mortall war did set And brought asleepe the Dragon fell whose eyes were never shet. By meanes whereof deceiving him that had the golden fleece In charge to keepe, you sent it thence by Jason into Greece. Now have I neede of herbes that can by vertue of their juice To flowring prime of lustie youth old withred age reduce. I am assurde ye will it graunt. For not in vaine have shone These twincling starres, ne yet in vaine this Chariot all alone By drought of Dragons hither comes. With that was fro the Skie A Chariot softly glaunced downe, and stayed hard thereby. As soone as she had gotten up, and with hir hand had coyd The Dragons reined neckes, and with their bridles somewhat toyd, They mounted with hir in the Ayre, whence looking downe she saw The pleasant Temp of Thessalie, and made hir Dragons draw


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 To places further from resort: and there she tooke the view What herbes on high mount Pelion, and what on Ossa grew, And what on mountaine Othris and on Pyndus growing were, And what Olympus (greater than mount Pyndus far) did beare. Such herbes of them as liked hir she pullde up roote and rinde Or cropt them with a hooked knife. And many she did finde Upon the bankes of Apidane agreeing to hir minde: And many at Amphrisus foords: and thou Enipeus eke Didst yeelde hir many pretie weedes of which she well did like. Peneus and Sperchius streames contributarie were, And so were Boebes rushie bankes of such as growed there. About Anthedon which against the Ile Euboea standes, A certaine kind of lively grasse she gathered with her handes, The name whereof was scarsly knowen or what the herbe could doe Untill that Glaucus afterward was chaunged thereinto. Nine dayes with winged Dragons drawen, nine nights in Chariot swift She searching everie field and frith from place to place did shift. She was no sooner home returnde but that the Dragons fell Which lightly of hir gathered herbes had taken but the smell, Did cast their sloughes and with their sloughes their riveled age forgo. She would none other house than heaven to hide hir head as tho: But kept hir still without the doores: and as for man was none That once might touch hir. Altars twayne of Turfe she builded: one Upon hir left hand unto Youth, another on the right To tryple Hecat. Both the which as soone as she had dight With Vervain and with other shrubbes that on the fieldes doe rise, Not farre from thence she digde two pits: and making sacrifice Did cut a couple of blacke Rams throtes and filled with their blood The open pits, on which she pourde of warme milke pure and good A boll full, and another boll of honie clarifide. And babling to hir selfe therewith full bitterly she cride On Pluto and his ravisht wife the sovereigne states of Hell, And all the Elves and Gods that on or in the Earth doe dwell, To spare olde Aesons life a while, and not in hast deprive His limmes of that same aged soule which kept them yet alive. Whome when she had sufficiently with mumbling long besought, She bade that Aesons feebled corse should out of doores be brought


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 Before the Altars. Then with charmes she cast him in so deepe A slumber, that upon the herbes he lay for dead asleepe. Which done she willed Jason thence a great way off to go And likewise all the Ministers that served hir as tho: And not presume those secretes with unhallowed eyes to see. They did as she commaunded them. When all were voyded, shee With scattred haire about hir eares like one of Bacchus froes Devoutly by and by about the burning Altars goes: And dipping in the pits of bloud a sort of clifted brandes Upon the Altars kindled them that were on both hir handes. And thrise with brimstone, thrise with fire, and thrise with water pure She purged Aesons aged corse that slept and slumbred sure. The medicine seething all the while a wallop in a pan Of brasse, to spirt and leape aloft and gather froth began. There boyled she the rootes, seedes, flowres, leaves, stalkes and juice togither Which from the fieldes of Thessalie she late had gathered thither. She cast in also precious stones fetcht from the furthest East And, which the ebbing Ocean washt, fine gravell from the West. She put thereto the deaw that fell upon a Monday night: And flesh and feathers of a Witch, a cursed odious wight Which in the likenesse of an Owle abrode a nightes did flie, And Infants in their cradels chaunge or sucke them that they die. The singles also of a Wolfe which when he list could take The shape of man, and when he list the same againe forsake. And from the River Cyniphis which is in Lybie lande She had the fine sheere scaled filmes of water snayles at hand. And of an endlesselived hart the liver had she got, To which she added of a Crowe that then had lived not So little as nine hundred yeares the head and Bill also. Now when Medea had with these and with a thousand mo Such other kinde of namelesse things bestead hir purpose through For lengthning of the old mans life, she tooke a withered bough Cut lately from an Olyf tree, and jumbling all togither Did raise the bottome to the brim: and as she stirred hither And thither with the withered sticke, behold it waxed greene. Anon the leaves came budding out: and sodenly were seene As many berries dangling downe as well the bough could beare.


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 And where the fire had from the pan the scumming cast, or where The scalding drops did fall, the ground did springlike florish there, And flowres with fodder fine and soft immediatly arose. Which when Medea did behold, with naked knife she goes And cuttes the olde mans throte: and letting all his old bloud go Supplies it with the boyled juice: the which when Aeson tho Had at his mouth or at his wounde receyved in, his heare As well of head as beard from gray to coleblacke turned were. His leane, pale, hore, and withered corse grew fulsome, faire and fresh: His furrowed wrincles were fulfilde with yong and lustie flesh. His limmes waxt frolicke, baine and lithe: at which he wondring much, Remembred that at fortie yeares he was the same or such. And as from dull unwieldsome age to youth he backward drew: Even so a lively youthfull spright did in his heart renew. The wonder of this monstrous act had Bacchus seene from hie, And finding that to youthfull yeares his Nurses might thereby Restored bee, did at hir hand receive it as a gift. And lest deceitfull guile should cease, Medea found a shift To feyne that Jason and hir selfe were falne at oddes in wroth: And thereupon in humble wise to Pelias Court she goth. Where forbicause the King himselfe was feebled sore with age, His daughters entertainde hir, whome Medea, being sage, Within a while through false pretence of feyned friendship brought To take hir baite. For as she tolde what pleasures she had wrought For Jason, and among the rest as greatest sadly tolde How she had made his father yong that withred was and olde, And taried long upon that point: they hoped glad and faine That their olde father might likewise his youthful yeares regaine. And this they craving instantly did proffer for hir paine What recompence she would desire. She helde hir peace a while As though she doubted what to doe: and with hir suttle guile Of counterfetted gravitie more eger did them make. As soone as she had promisde them to doe it for their sake, For more assurance of my graunt, your selves (quoth she) shall see The oldest Ram in all your flocke a Lambe streight made to bee By force of my confections strong. Immediatly a Ram So olde that no man thereabouts remembred him a Lam


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 Was thither by his warped homes which turned inward to His hollow Temples, drawne: whose withred throte she slit in two. And when she cleane had drayned out that little bloud that was, Upon the fire with herbes of strength she set a pan of brasse, And cast his carcasse thereinto. The Medcine did abate The largenesse of his limmes and seard his dossers from his pate, And with his homes abridgde his yeares. Anon was plainly heard The bleating of a new yeand Lambe from mid the Ketleward. And as they wondred for to heare the bleating, streight the Lam Leapt out, and frisking ran to seeke the udder of some Dam. King Pelias daughters were amazde. And when they did beholde Hir promise come to such effect, they were a thousand folde More earnest at hir than before. Thrise Phoebus having pluckt The Collars from his horses neckes, in Iber had them duckt. And now in Heaven the streaming starres the fourth night shined cleare: When false Medea on the fire had hanged water shere, With herbes that had no powre at all. The King and all his garde Which had the charge that night about his person for to warde Were through hir nightspels and hir charmes in deadly sleepe all cast. And Pelias daughters with the Witch which eggde them forward, past Into his chamber by the watch, and compast in his bed. Then: Wherefore stand ye doubting thus like fooles, Medea sed. On: draw your swordes: and let ye out his old bloud, that I may Fill up his emptie veynes againe with youthfull bloud streight way. Your fathers life is in your handes: it lieth now in you To have him olde and withred still or yong and lustie. Now If any nature in ye be, and that ye doe not feede A fruitelesse hope, your dutie to your father doe with speede. Expulse his age by sword, and let the filthy matter out. Through these persuasions which of them so ever went about To shewe hirselfe most naturall, became the first that wrought Against all nature: and for feare she should be wicked thought, She executes the wickednesse which most to shun she sought. Yet was not any one of them so bolde that durst abide To looke upon their father when she strake, but wride aside Hir eyes: and so their cruell handes not marking where they hit With faces turnde another way at all aventure smit.


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 He all beweltred in his bloud awaked with the smart, And maimde and mangled as he was did give a sodeyne start Endevoring to have risen up. But when he did beholde Himselfe among so many swordes, he lifting up his olde Pale waryish armes, said: Daughters mine what doe ye? who hath put These wicked weapons in your hands your fathers throte to cut? With that their heartes and handes did faint. And as he talked yet, Medea breaking off his wordes, his windpipe quickly slit, And in the scalding liquor torne did drowne him by and by. But had she not with winged wormes streight mounted in the skie She had not scaped punishment, but stying up on hie She over shadie Pelion flew where Chyron erst did dwell, And over Othrys and the grounds renoumde for that befell To auncient Ceramb: who such time as old Deucalions flood Upon the face of all the Earth like one maine water stood, By helpe of Nymphes with fethered wings was in the Ayer lift, And so escaped from the floud undrowned by the shift. She left Aeolian Pytanie upon hir left hand: and The Serpent that became a stone upon the Lesbian sand. And Ida woods where Bacchus hid a Bullocke (as is sayd) In shape of Stag the which his sonne had theevishly convayde. And where the Sire of Corytus lies buried in the dust. The fieldes which Meras (when he first did into barking brust) Affraide with straungenesse of the noyse. And eke Eurypils towne In which the wives of Cos had homes like Oxen on their crowne Such time as Hercles with his hoste departed from the Ile, And Rhodes to Phoebus consecrate: and Ialyse where ere while The Telchines with their noysome sight did every thing bewitch. At which their hainous wickednesse Jove taking rightfull pritch, Did drowne them in his brothers waves. Moreover she did passe By Ceos and olde Carthey walles where Sir Alcidamas Did wonder how his daughter should be turned to a Dove. The Swannie Temp and Hyries Poole she viewed from above, The which a sodeine Swan did haunt. For Phyllie there for love Of Hyries sonne did at his bidding Birdes and Lions tame, And being willde to breake a Bull performed streight the same: Till wrothfull that his love so oft so streightly should him use,


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 When for his last reward he askt the Bull, he did refuse To give it him. The boy displeasde, said: Well: thou wilt anon Repent thou gave it not: and leapt downe headlong from a stone. They all supposde he had bene falne: but being made a Swan With snowie feathers in the Ayre to flacker he began. His mother Hyrie knowing not he was preserved so, Resolved into melting teares for pensivenesse and wo, And made the Poole that beares hir name. Not far from hence doth stand The Citie Brauron, where sometime by mounting from the land With waving pinions Ophyes ympe, dame Combe, did eschue Hir children which with naked swordes to slea hir did pursue. Anon she kend Calaurie fieldes which did sometime pertaine To chast Diana where a King and eke his wife both twaine Were turnde to Birdes. Cyllene hill upon hir right hand stood, In which Menephron like a beast of wilde and savage moode To force his mother did attempt. Far thence she spide where sad Cephisus mourned for his Neece whome Phebus turned had To ugly shape of swelling Seale: and Eumelles pallace faire Lamenting for his sonnes mischaunce with whewling in the Aire. At Corinth with hir winged Snakes at length she did arrive. Here men (so auncient fathers said that were as then alive) Did breede of deawie Mushrommes. But after that hir teene With burning of hir husbands bride by witchcraft wreakt had beene And that King Creons pallace she on blasing fire had seene, And in hir owne deare childrens bloud had bathde hir wicked knife Not like a mother but a beast bereving them of life: Lest Jason should have punisht hir she tooke hir winged Snakes, And flying thence againe in haste to Pallas Citie makes, Which saw the auncient Periphas and rightuous Phiney too Togither flying, and the Neece of Polypemon who Was fastened to a paire of wings as well as t'other two. Aegeus enterteined hir wherein he was to blame Although he had no further gone but staid upon the same. He thought it not to be inough to use hir as his guest Onlesse he tooke hir to his wife. And now was Thesey prest, Unknowne unto his father yet, who by his knightly force Had set from robbers cleare the balke that makes the streight divorce


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 Betweene the seas Ionian and Aegean. To have killde This worthie knight, Medea had a Goblet readie fillde With juice of Flintwoort venemous the which she long ago Had out of Scythie with hir brought. The common bruit is so That of the teeth of Cerberus this Flintwoort first did grow. There is a cave that gapeth wide with darksome entrie low, There goes a way slope downe by which with triple cheyne made new Of strong and sturdie Adamant the valiant Hercle drew The currish Helhounde Cerberus: who dragging arsward still And writhing backe his scowling eyes bicause he had no skill To see the Sunne and open day, for verie moodie wroth Three barkings yelled out at once, and spit his slavering froth Upon the greenish grasse. This froth (as men suppose) tooke roote And thriving in the batling soyle in burgeons forth did shoote, To bane and mischiefe men withall: and forbicause the same Did grow upon the bare hard Flints, folke gave the foresaid name Of Flintwoort thereunto. The King by egging of his Queene Did reach his sonne this bane as if he had his enmie beene. And Thesey of this treason wrought not knowing ought had tane The Goblet at his fathers hand which helde his deadly bane: When sodenly by the Ivorie hilts that were upon his sword Aegeus knew he was his sonne: and rising from the borde Did strike the mischiefe from his mouth. Medea with a charme Did cast a mist and so scapte death deserved for the harme Entended. Now albeit that Aegeus were right glad That in the saving of his sonne so happy chaunce he had, Yet grieved it his heart full sore that such a wicked wight With treason wrought against his sonne should scape so cleare and quight. Then fell he unto kindling fire on Altars everie where And glutted all the Gods with gifts. The thicke neckt Oxen were With garlands wreathd about their homes knockt downe for sacrifice. A day of more solemnitie than this did never rise Before on Athens (by report). The auncients of the Towne Made feastes: so did the meaner sort, and every common clowne. And as the wine did sharpe their wits, they sung this song: O knight Of peerlesse prowesse Theseus, thy manhod and thy might Through all the coast of Marathon with worthie honor soundes,