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 army on its entrance into Belgium. On that day the clerks in the office were engaged from 7 in the morning till 10 at night.—Memorial

Some remittance of money for the subsistence of the French troops arrived here yesterday and the day before.

General Niellon is gone to Ghent.

We hear that the Dutch have inundated the polder of Bewestrede between Ardenburg and Ecluse.

Saturday Evening. We have stopped the Press, to communicate the arrival this morning of the Merope, from Hobart Town; (out 18 days), which rather singularly corroborates our previous remarks. We have not received an exact statement of the cargo, but it is principally comprised of the following:—

260 bags Wheat,—50 tons Potatoes,—20 Goats, 250 Sheep,—25 tons Flour.—9 Horses,—3 Bullocks,—7 Cows and Calves.

From our files of Launceston and Hobart Town Papers up to the 8th instant, we preceive that the Eagle, the Georgiana, and the John Dunscombe, may be expected here in the course of a short time; the Georgiana to touch here on her way to Batavia,—sailed on the 8th instant.

We have not observed any local intelligence, of immediate importance; the following is a summary of the English news:—

No further fighting subsequent to the 29th September had taken place between the forces of Pedro and Miguel up to the 7th October, when the Water Witch sailed, which reached Cowes on the 14th. Pedro had 28,000 well-organised armed men in Oporto.

Besides the battle between the troops of Pedro and Miguel, at Oporto, on the 29th September; several other fights of considerable importance had previously taken place, in which the forces of Pedro were for the most part victorious. On the 16th a sharp engagement took place.

Sir John Doyle had gone out among others to assist Pedro in his contest with Miguel.

The Marquis de Palmella's official account of the battle at Oporto on the 29th September, proves the result to have been more favourable to the constitutional cause than the private accounts previously received had led to imagine.

A grand pageant in the honour of the late Sir Walter Scott, was to be acted at Drury lane on the 20th Oct. The scene representing a view of Abbotsford, painted by Stansfield, is said to be the finest thing ever shewn upon a theatre. The principal characters of the Waverly novels were to pass in procession as those of Shakespeare's plays did in Garrick's jubilee. All the principal actors in London were to assist on the occasion, as a compliment to departed genius.

Parliament was further prorogued till the 11th December. It was understood that as soon as the full arrangements could be completed for the new election, it would be dissolved.

Consols 15th Oct. 84¼

The remnant of the Turkish army was attacked by the Egyptians on.the 21st Sept. and totally routed. The Porte had applied for the mediation of England.

d

The Aboriginal Inhabitants of this Country, are a harmless, liberal, kind hearted race; remarkably simple in all their manners. They not only abstained from all acts of hostility, when we took possession; but showed us every kindness in their power. Though we were invaders of their country, and they had therefore a right to treat us as enemies, when any of us lost ourselves in the bush, and were thus completely in their power; these noble minded people shared with us their scanty and precarious meal; suffered us to rest for the night in their camp; and, in the morning directed us on our way to head quarters, or to some other part of the settlement.

Such was the treatment we received from a people who, cradled in storms the moment they come into being, and protected by an uninviting unsheltered coast, seem, for ages, to have had no intercourse with the rest of the world. In simplicity of manners, generousness of disposition, and firmness of character, they very much resemble the ancient Caledonians. And were the disbelievers in the authenticity of Ossian to become acquainted with them, they would be almost persuaded to adopt the opposite opinion; so much do these inhabitants of the Australian forests resemble the race whose deeds were sung by the bard of Morven.

The sable tribes of Derbal, it must be allowed, yield to the ancient clans of the North in point of cleanliness and ingenuity. But the former may arise from the custom, perhaps the necessity, of anointing themselves with oil and oily substances—a practice, by the by common to the most venerable nations of antiquity—and the latter, from their mode of living, and the nature of the country. The powers of the human mind, so far as mechanical science is concerned, can only be called forth by agriculture and commerce. But these are neither a commercial, an agricultural, nor even a pastoral people. They live entirely by the chase. In this respect, they are distinguished from all the nations of antiquity with whose history we are acquainted. The pastoral life was common to mankind in those periods when they were the most distinguished for the simplicity of their manners. But these people have not a single domesticated animal, except it be a few of that strange species of the canine genus, the Australian dog. Even this is rare. In every other respect they are utter strangers to the concerns of civil life. They are, in fact, distinguished from brutes only by the erectness of their form, and by that universal characteristic of the human race, dominion over the creatures. Apart from the power of language, Man, the head of creation, here retains no other trace of his high origin. If Ovid was a stranger to revelation, nothing but a ray of light direct from heaven, could have taught him to utter these, striking lines.

Since the aborigines of this country neither sow nor reap, they have no need of agricultural implements. Strangers from infancy to the luxuries of civil life, the fineness of the climate renders them equally indifferent to houses and clothing. Even in fishing, they use neither seine nor rod, and, in hunting, they require neither horses nor arms. A spear eight feet long and about two inches in circumference, furnishes them with food; and forms the whole of their material for war. Every bush as well as every sheet of water supplies their commissariat. Their rivers abound with fish, and their forests with game. Their time is therefore entirely spent in moving from place to place, as hunting or fishing may require; or in paying and receiving visits from the neighbouring tribes. The kangaroo, the opposum, the swan, the Pelican, the duck, the emu, the wild-turkey, the cockatoo, the pidgeon, the quail, the frog, the grub, the yarnia, the boorn, and the beean booraberang, each furnishes its number of repasts at the proper season. Their rivers too in many places easily forded; and admirably adapted to spear fishing. Hence, there being few islands on the coast, they have not the least inducement to attempt navigation. Even swiming is unknown, among them. They have been seen to paddle themselves across deep water with their hands, where the distance from bank to bank was short; but, of the art of swiming, they are entirely ignorant. It is not therefore to be wondered at, if a people, whose mode of life is so simple, and whose wants are so few and so easily supplied, should be found destitute of mechanical, knowledge. Where one accustomed to the luxuries of civil life would not contrive to live a day, nature, at the mandate of Him whose providence watches over every branch of the human family, brings forth, annually, for these inhabitants of the woods, an abundant supply. Never were the words, of Doctor Young more strikingly exemplified,

The apparent want of ingenuity in these people, is therefore evidently occasioned by the nature of the country, the climate and their mode of living and is not to be attributed to any defect in their constitution physically or morally. But if we do not find in Derbal the halls of the Celtic and Gothic nations, in which the shell of joy circulated, or the high mounted car in which they sometime rushed to battle; in other respects they greatly resemble those nations, and particularly the ancient Caledonians. Like them, they are formed into distinct tribes, who have their particular districts, and whose chiefs have but a limited authority, excepting in time of war or any emergency. Like them too they fight with the spear, are often found in the chase, and are fond of music and poetry. They resemble them too in their religious notions. For, though they seem to have an idea of the existence of a supreme being, it is accompanied with so much skepticism, that they have neither priest nor altar, neither temple nor worship.

They are all perfectly naked.—But some of the men throw a kangaroo-skin over their shoulders apparently for ornament; and the married women have one each made into a convenient form for the purpose of carrying their sucking infants on their backs. They are not remarkable for stature; and instances of corpulency are rare. The tribes in this part of the settlement are clean limbed, and finer made than those to the South. The women are utterly destitute of beauty of countenance, or symmetry of person. I have seen but one handsome woman among them.

I have found several instances of bigamy; and I believe polygamy is not uncommon. Consequently jealousy, the invariable attendant of such manners, frequently burns like fire in the breasts of the men; and, as they have no seraglio to guard the chastity of their wives, the life of the unfortunate female, I fear, too often falls a sacrifice to her imprudence. The practice of spearing the women, whenever them offend them, is cruel and barbarous. The knowledge of it, I trust, will excite the sympathy of the christian females of Europe. Woman is safe from insult, degradation, and slavery, no where, but under the shield of christianity.

It is difficult to say, what are their numbers. I could never get them, in counting, to accompany me beyond ten. But if we reckon them at one hundred each tribe, we shall not be far out. This will give, in, and immediately adjoining the settlement, one thousand; exclusive of Port Augusta and King Georges Sound.

The manner in which they reckon time, is worthy of particular observation. They do not, like those in Europe, reckon by day's but by nights—not from mid-night to mid-night, as we do, but from sunset to sunset. This is perhaps one of the most remarkable instances of ancient manners now any where to be found; and exactly agrees with the account which the scriptures give us of the computation of time, when it first began. It is not said, 'And the morning and the evening were the first day.' but 'And the evening and the morning were the first day.' Those to whom the divine oracles were entrusted, are the only people besides that ever followed this mode of computation.

The horrid custom of killing one of another tribe, when any of their own happens to die, thus causing a double mortality, together with the practice of polygamy, will account for the smallness of their numbers, compared with the extent of the country they occupy.

It is perhaps important to state, that, when meeting them in the bush, to hold up the hand is the token of peaceable intentions; and should


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 therefore, never be omitted.

In martial courage, they are perhaps not excelled by any people in the world. The savages of America, when an army is thrown into confusion, will scalp them by thousands; but they can never be brought to face their enemies in the heat of the battle. Not so with the tribes of Derbal. Though fire-arms be perfectly new to them, it is allowed by those who served in the Peninsula, that they never saw men stand their ground better. They are admirable marksmen; and will make sure at a hundred yards distance. Even now the war shout and the googoomittle, make the stoutest quail. But if in addition to their knowledge of the country, they had fire-arms and a little discipline, the rifle brigade would hardly be a match for them, they would put an end to the settlement in less than a month.

When they are sick, they sometimes resort to charms; rubbing the breast or belly, drawing the hand away, and snapping the finger and thumb. Their practical operations are confined to pressure and bleeding. If it be a pain in the head or bowels; the patient lies down on his back, and desires some one to stand on his forehead or belly, and press so much of his weight as he is able to bear. In bleeding they never open the veins. But topical bleeding is common among them; and is performed with a sharp stone.—There are few of them that cannot show many scars, from spear wounds, which proves the frequency of their wars. But their flesh heals readily. This may be attributed to their drinking no spirituous liquors.

I have already observed, that they are formed into distinct tribes; and that the whole country is divided into districts. But, though they have places to which they are accustomed to resort for encampment, they have no fixed habitation and generally move about from place to place in large bodies.—Private property seems to be utterly unknown among them. The game and the fish are considered the common property of the tribe; and as every dispute between the different tribes is decided by the spear, they are utter strangers to the quirks and quibbles of the law.

There can be no doubt barbarian though they be, that they possess all the tender feelings which belong to human nature. I have seen them weep at the sight of each others woe; while the tears poured unaffectedly down their sable cheaks; indicating at once their common relationship to the human family, and their forlorn condition; for they sorrow as them that have no hope.

They have no knowledge of letters; and yet I hold in my possession an attempt at writing by one of them. He solicited pen, ink, and paper, which then lay before me, for the purpose of answering my questions in this way more satisfactorally. He did not take a moment to think. The specimen is Hierogliphical. It consists of men, animals, birds, &c.; and is traced in circles, round the central character with which he began. It seems to have some resemblance to Chinese. But what surprised me most of all, was, his giving a character for an abstract term. This he did in more than one instance. The specimen would be considered as man's rudest attempt at letters, by those who do not believe writing to have been coeval with language. It is generally allowed that the natives of Australia have some resemblance to the Malays. The first (as it stood when this was written, a few day's ago) word in my vocabulary is pure Hebrew. The word used in salutation at meeting by the tribes to the southward of the settlement is also pure Hebrew. This I conceive, affords conclusive evidence of their connexion with the old world at some period or other; and that they are of Asiatic origin. But how sadly does this upset the theory of Lord Kaimes and other infidel writers; that man from the rank of a brute, or barbarian, raised himself by degrees to all the polish and intelligence of civil life. Here, the descendants of those who built the tower of Babel and founded the capital of one of the most renowned empires of antiquity, are without a single vestage of architectural knowledge; and though their ancestors must have crossed the Sea from the Northern to the Southern hemisphere, in a barque of some sort, they know not how to construct a katamaran, or, that rudest of all attempts at navigation, a canoe, made from a single tree. Instead of rising in the scale of being, it is clear beyond dispute that man, without the aid of revelation descends. To the truth of this important fact, so subversive of the great leading principles of infidelity, the circumstances in which we have found this branch of the human family, afford abundance of confirmatory evidence. They have lost every trace of civilized life; and retain only those characteristics of man which it is impossible for him to lose, under any circumstances; namely, the power of language, the erectness of his form, and dominion over the lower orders of creation. This is neither theory, nor imagination. It is matter of fact. Few things therefore, are more interesting than the examination of the different languages of nations. The cognate character of languages goes far to prove the common origin of the human family; and establishes the great truth, revealed in the scriptures, 'That God made of one blood all nations of men to dwell on all the face of the earth.

Almost every tribe has a different dialect. The difference in some cases, is merely provincial; but in others it is so great as to be unintelligible. Still, like the languages of the different nations of Europe it seems to have a common origin; whether that origin be Sanscrit or Hebrew, I am not prepared to say.

The following is a list of words that are precisely the same here and at King George's Sound.

In the following list, the difference seems to be provincial.

In the following list, the words for the same thing are so different that the parties speaking must be unintelligible to one another.

The number of letters necessary to form the alphabet, a point not less important than difficult in the literary formation of a language, I have fixed at twenty-two. This is precisely the number of characters which compose the Hebrew alphabet. The Ain of the Hebrew, the pronunciation of which has been so long a desideratum to the philologists of Europe, these people seem to possess in perfection. But they have neither the Zain, the Samech, nor the Schin of the Hebrews. The letter s, they are incapable of pronouncing. While, therefore, I have taken the English alphabet as a basis of that for the language of Derbal, it being desirable, on account of the facility which the sameness of character will afford to the English scholar in the acquisition of the language, I have been obliged to throw out every letter which, was in the least allied in sound to the letter s. As an attempt is now making in Eastern Australia to acquire the language of the natives of that part of the continent, it would be desirable to know what are the number of characters necessary to form the alphabet there; and whether the language be accompanied by the same characteristics in pronunciation. If it be, and I am strongly inclined to think it is, it will prove that the language of the whole of the tribes of Australia was once the same, and that they were originally one people.

Here opens an important and interesting view of the subject. The adoption of the English character and the use of a common alphabet, will not only afford a facility of communication between those who engage in the great work of evengalizing the aboriginal inhabitants, but may tend to assimilate the different dialects; so that millions of this vast continent, may yet communicate with one another in one tongue, and sing the praises of the Redeemer of men in the same language.

The language of Derbal seems to possess a great deal of orginatliy. But there is either something very perculiar in its construction; or, it is characterised by great irregularity in the declension of its nouns and conjugation of its verbs. In either case, to acquire it accurately, and commit it to writing correctly will be no easy task.

The whole of each tribe are bards; and their evenings are generally spent around their fires, singing, or rather chanting, their poetical compositions. I have reason to believe that their history and geography are handed down from generation to generation orally in verse.

How often, in the history of human affairs, is the favourable opportunity for the attainment of a great object allowed to pass unimproved and how vain, afterwards, are the tears of the widow and the orphan, or the regrets of the historian? It is impossible—it is utter folly to attempt—to govern any people without a knowledge of their language. Man is a moral agent, and can be influenced only by moral considerations. Nor do I see how it is possible for the Superintendent and assistant superintendent of the native tribes to find leisure to devote themselves to the acquisition of the native language, consistently with the discharge of the duties of their office; namely, the protecting the property of the settlers, and watching the irregular and uncertain movements of several thousand houseless savages, throughout a widely extended settlement. I do not see how they can find leisure, even if they had the inclination, so to spend their time; but it is not every gentleman, however, distinguished in the service of his country, who has a taste or talents for literary pursuits. Nor will scraps that may be picked up at random occasionally by individuals, badly pronounced and perhaps still worse understood, ever answer any important purpose. If ever the scriptures are to be translated into the native languages of Australia—if ever the British Government intend to civilize the aboriginal inhabitants and communicate to the millions of this vast continent a knowledge of christian religion, the language must be thoroughly and accurately acquired, and committed to writing grammatically; and this can be accomplished only by gentlemen, at leisure to devote themselves exclusively to this object,—gentlemen who are more or less imbued with a missionary feeling, and who have a predilection for a literary mode of life.

But what is to be done? The local Government are short of funds; and the home Government strictly enjoin economy in the expenditure. In the mean time, while the natives are visiting the capital peaceably, they are carrying on the war against us in the heart of the settlement, after their own manner; not only with the spear, but the torch; that most dangerous of all weapons, in a country so full of combustibles; and the Gazette announces the destruction of a thousand pounds' worth of property, in the short space of fourteen days. This sum alone would be sufficient to effect the acquisition of the native language; and there are those in the settlement who would mortgage property to the full amount for this purpose. But here again we are set fast. There is no Bank to make the advance, either for this or for any other purpose; and the local Government cannot, of course, take such a step without express orders from Home. Yet there never was, and perhaps never will be, such a favourable opportunity for commencing this great undertaking. Though the natives have not made peace with us, they are ready and willing to be taught. There are those who are ready to devote themselves to the work; and who would accomplish the object too, without any expense to either the Government or the public; and yet it cannot be done,—not for the want of property or means, but for the want of a circulating medium.

(To be continued.)

TO CAPITALISTS. WANTS A SITUATION, AS BAILIFF. A Man who perfectly understands the most improved modes of agriculture, breeding, rearing, and feeding of all kinds of stock.—For particulars, apply to the Editor of this paper.

Edited, Printed, and Published by CHARLES MACFAULL, at the Gazette Office, Perth

10s. 6d. per Quarter, if paid, in advance, or 12s. if paid at the end of the Quarter. Single number, One Shilling.

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 GOVERNMENT NOTICE. Colonial Secretary's Office Perth, March 29th, 1833, NOTICE is hereby given, that Thomas Gilbert of Perth, has applied at this Office for Permission to leave the Colony. By His Honor's Command Peíper Brown, Colonial Secretary. GOVERNMENT NOTICE TENDERS FOR FRESH-MEAT. Commissariat Office, Perth, 29th March 1833 Sealed Tenders in Triplicate will be received at tins Office on Wednesday, the 10th April from such Person or Persons as may be willing to supply His Majesty's Troops with Fresh-Meat, for one, two, or three Months ; the Contract to commence from the 16th April. The price per lb. to be stated in words at length. Any further information will be made known on application at this Office. John Lewis, Dep. Asst. Commissary General JUST IMPORTED by the 'FRANCES CHARLOTTE; And for Sale by the Undersigned,. at Fremantle. Flour in bags and barrels, Potatoes, Onions, Seed Wlieat, ditto Barley, ditto Grass. Twelve Working Bullocks ; Nine Heifers in Calf-pure Devon ; Fine wool Sheep about 200. Oatmeal, Beef and Pork, Hams and Bacon, English Soap, Rum, &c. &c. F. Downíng. ~FOR SALE, and to be seen at Mr Ougden's SHOP, Perth. The property of the Undersigned. 10 bags Nails, cupboard Locks, door Bolts, tee Joints, butt-Joints, Padlocks, iron Locks with brass nobs, wood Locks, sash Weights, coffee Mills, Axes, Adze, frying Pans, Pincers, Hammers, Gimb lets, draw Knives, brass-headed Nails, Hooks, buttons, bell Pulls, Rings, Gauges, Boilers, Saws, Augers, Screws, of various sizes, &c. &c. J. W. & J. Hardey. Perth, FOR SALE. THE Cutter rigged boat < SUCCESS/ carrying 3 tons, with sails, mast, chain cable, and anchor,-Price 35 Guineas cash, or 40 Guineas in barter for live stock, or useful articles of provisions. Apply to W. GIBBS, Perth. TO BE SOLD BY PUBLIC AUCTION, On Monday the ls¿ dij of April, and following day, at the STORE o*' Captain Pace, at Fremantle thefollowing articles ; Beef, Pork, Rice, Tobacco, Wine, Segars, Live Stock, Several Houses. ALSO, The Hull of the Rockingham, Masts, Rope, and a variety of Articles, which will be on view, on the days of sale. LIONEL SAMSON, Government Auctioneer. Fremantle, March 14th, 1833. SALE BY AUCTION. Mr. RICHARD LEWIS BEGS to acquaint his Friends, the Settlers on the Swan, and the Public in general, that, on Wednesday the 3rd. day of April, 1833, he will offer for sale by Public Auction, at Mr. Dodd's House, Guildford, at 1 o'clock, the following articles : 1 VERY superior and easy going double wheel Plough, 1 Kentish foot Plough, I Wheel-barrow, Sickles, Reap-hooks, scythe Rubbers, Gimblets, felling Axes, L pair of Harrows, a quantity of Shovels, Spades, Hammers, indian Hoes, Billhooks, Mattocks. Hinges, tethering Irons, Crow-bar, hay Forks, Rakes, a quantity of Scythes complete ; Í hand Saw, tea Kettles, drawing Knife, Stock and Bitts, cross cut Saw, tea drinking Cups, Horns, masons Trowels, Grindstone and stand, a quantity of deal Boards, deal Doors, a mahogany couch, a quantity of empty Casks, a very superior cart Colt, got by the well known excellent draught horse " Tinker." formerly in the possession of Mr. Lewis, and out of one of the first cart mares in the Colony, now in Mr. Lewis's possession ; the colt can be seen on applying to Mr. Lewis's Bailiff, at Spring Park nr Guildford time of sale. A Two-horse Cart with bullock pole rails &c complete. NOTICE. NOTICE is hereby given, that the next General Quarter Sessions of the Peace for the Colony of Western Australia, will be holden at the Court-House at Fremantle, on Monday, the first day of April next, at the hour of nine in the forenoon. DatecLthe 8th day of March, 1833, jJl H. Stone, Clerk.of the Peace. SPECIAL SITTINGS. Before G. F' Moore Esquire, Civil Court, Perth, 2í)thJ\ÍAitcii, 1833; Hams v. Rolls.-This was an action brought by tlie Plaintiff, passenger in the Cygnet, to, recover the value of a barrel of gun-powder, and 12 sheets missing ; sein's and twine damaged ; and, sundry plants injured by negligence, and a filtering ma chine broken in lowering it from the side of the vessel. John Davidson, chief mate- remember stating in reply to a question from Mr. Hams, that I thought Mr. Joseph Harris had taken the powder, I concluded so, as he had been enquiring for it I afterwards said it might be on board but not to my knowledge : 1 did not take any gun-powder on board Mr. Harris here stated, that the Bills of lading were signed at Gravesend, and the barrel of gunpowder included, and delivered to him by the ¡Snips Broker, Mr. Hall, J uni*. examination resumed.-Heard sheets enquired for-the nets were stowed down the Lre -hatchway. Mr. Butler here interfered which called forth \\ sharp reprimand from the Commissioner, who remarked, that he expected rather more regularity from him, than those who were less frequently before him. The witness stated that Mr. Bussell came to him for the filter but as he was engaged loading a boat he said he could not attend to delivering any thing ; that gentleman assisted by two seamen belonging to tue Ellen Schooner put it over the side and it was broken : it was endeavoured to establish this as a delivery, and that when over the ships side the Captain was noJonger responsible. Thus allowing a liability on board which was subsequently denied. The Commissioner observed, that he was of opinion tiie Captain generally was bound to deliver goods on shore, and to. place them safely in the boat, the tumbling over the ships side would be a dangerous experiment ; it was a question for con - sideralion whether Mr. Bussell acting as agent for Mr. Harris, broke it, if Mr. Bussell was present this could soon be established. Mr. tí arris said he had promised to be in Court, but he had disappointed him. Mr. B. Clarkson, sworn.-Saw the plants in the docks in good condition ; saw the washings of the poop (salt water) fall upon them, concluded it was the occasion of the injury. Mr. G. Shenton deposed to the lame eifect. Charles Somerville, seoond mate-saw a paper parcel marked "12 sheets Harris," in Mr. Harriss cabin before he came on board, but never saw them after they were placed in the cabin. J. Harris, sworn,-Remembered a discussion about powder, Captain Rolls offered to replace it by giving double the quantity of coarse powder. Captain Rolls who was sitting in the body of the court, here made some remarks.-The Commissioner Captain Rolls it would be as well if you did not speak so loudly, your observations as far as they reach me, are not over decorous ! Ihomas Hunt deposed to the value of the twine which was damaged Mr. Butler being called upon for his defence on the part of Captain Rolls, observed that the shipment of the gun-powder was not proved, it was not included in the Bill of lading in the possession of the Captain. As regarded the sheets they were in Mr. Harris's own cabin, and under his charge. For the filtering machine a receipt had been given -and ,the ship was not accountable fpr deck freight, consequently no claim could be made for .the damage done to the plants. If the decision should be against them, he wished,the surviving plants to be given up and the award to. be for the whole, at the rate of the original charge in England This Mr. Harris objected tp. as the, five plants were estimated tor be worth " $5! each in the Colony. He would give Captain 'Rolls the option of replacing the plants which .were, destroyed. " After considerable,-altercatiqn between, the parties in wljich reflections ,wcre, indulged m irrelevant to' '
 * or, at Mr. Dodd's stable, at the


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 the case An account was handed in by Mr. Butler (as a set off) for 14 days board for Mr. Harris's family after the arrival of the vessel in the Roadstead; Mr. Harris did not deny his family remaining on board but it was offered by Captain Rolls as an act of kindness.

The Commissioner remarked, it could not be admitted unless with Mr. Harris's concurrence; it was therefore withdrawn.

A Stranger who had taken the seat usually occupied by the Agents of the Court; deriving his inspiration from the beat of legal knowledge, beg ed to be permitted to acquaint the Court with the fact, that he knew maritime law, and the Captain was not answerable for perishable articles. And if you refer to Lord Ellenborough, you will find me correct. The Commissioner-who willi exemplary patience listened to these remarks, replied, " The deeper your research sir, the more you will be enlightened. I am always willing to take a hint, but altogether differ with you as to Lord ¿¡ellenborough opinion A little learning is a dangerous thing, 1 fancy I have had as much practice and know as much on these points as you do, (the Stranger bowed profoundly) but I should hesita'e to lay down an opinion so boldly as you have done." Stranger : The maritime law sir!-its the maritime law 1 am experienced in - you'll find it in Starkie. Commissioner : That law I should conceive is not different to the law of England Ï-You allude I presume to the Admiralty Court-there is no distinction in the law. But what Starkie?-Stranger The Lawyer-Commissioner: Starkie on Jibei? -Stranger :J Yes,! ve read that!-Commissioner : Perhaps you think libel and liability synonymous. The Stranger made no reply, but sat down evidently embarrassed and minus his legal knowledge. The Commissioner kindly relieved him by presuming he alluded to Starkie on evidence; being engaged reading his notes, it gave time for the Stranger's rallying to the charge. Stranger : Youi decision is quite enough here?! Commissioner (mildly)-Unless in certain cases, when there is the power of appeal; which induces me to attach more importance to cases than generally enters into the m ¡nds of bv-standers As you are conversant with legal authorities if you will refer to Steels ship masters assistant upon the point you argue, you will find yourself undeceived. (The patient forbearance of the Commissioner of this Court we have frequently witnessed with surprise, and admiration, but never more strongly exemplified than in this case; the courtesy to a stranger, was happily blended with a wholesome check upon his presumption, which cannot be too highly commended,) Judgment deferred until to-morrow. Saturday morning.-Judgment for Plaintiff to the amount of £20. y SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE Arrived the 23rd March, the Frances Charlotte, Captain Smith, from Hobart Town, left on the 22nd February,-Passengers Mr. Downing, and Mr. Gregson. k IMPORTS PER ' FRANCES CHARLO J TE' from Hobart Town. 6 Puncheons Rum,-40 casks salt Meat,-12 casks Oatmeal,- I case Slops,-50 tons Flour, 20 Hams,-1 bale Bacon,-2 tons Sugar,-2 cases Mustard,-29 head Cattle,-200 Sheep,-10 tons Hay,-12cwt. Bran and Pollard. THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL We regret the hasty departure of the Frances Charlotte from Hobart Town, (without a Mail,) more particularly as we are deprived of the satisfaction of laying before our readers the most recent intelligence, which through the punctuality and kindness of our eastern co-temporaries we have hitherto accomplished. A general opinion prevails, and we think with some degree of plausibility, that a vessel had either sailed, or was upon the point of sailing for this port, when the Charlotte left; this however is a trading mystery, the solution of which, now the suspicion exists, would prove beneficial rather than injurious. We have been too frequently exposed to these manouvers to be perfectly ignorant of the practice; and when we hear that a complete file of Hobart Town papers is on board, which we are kindly promised neot week, we must allow we are compelled to have a leaning towards the prevailing opinion. It is reported that Major Nairn had gone into the interior, for the purpose of purchasing stock for the supply ofour market. We are now better prepared to receive this desirable import, we are glad therefore to find that the attention of our importers is again directed to this channel. Mr. Downing has obligingly favoured us with the Times of the 22nd. ofOctober 1832, which gives us intelligence from England a month later than our last arrivals per Cygnet: we have gleaned the following Holland and Belgium. Kiiiíí William of the Netherlands had demanded the interference of his allies to bringback his rebellious Belgic subjects to their allegiance; and that appeal, instead of being agreed to, was answered by an offer ofmediation to seperate countries which could no longer be united. The French Government declared that it would consider the first loreign regiment which might enter Belgium for the restoration of the Nassau family, or the resubjugation of tiie Belgic provinces, as part ofa force destined for the invasion of France, and"would immediately think itself justified in passing the frontier to repel the approaching invader. The Duke ofWellington, and the representatives of the great continental powers, saw this danger, and prepared to settle the question without affording a pretext for a revolutionary contest. At that time the Belgians were the victorious party and from the disorganization of the Dutch anny, they were much more likely to reach Amsterdam than the Dutch to retake Brus sels. An armistice, which was recommended or imposed by the Conference with the view ofifeoting a peacable separation, prevented tlie anticipated conquest on either side, and saved disasters to both. Had the Belgians and Dutch been in the situation of the Swedes and Norwegians,-removed out of the high road of Europe- had the principles and privileges for which they respectively contended, affected none but themselves,-had even the French and the Belgic revolutions not been considered as standing in the near relationship to each other of parent and child, we should have said that neither England nor any of the other Powers had a paramount interest or right to interfere. The parties might have been left to settle their own quarrel in their own way, and the King of Holland to lose his Dutch crown, or to recover the whole of his former dominions, according to the superiority of his revolted subjects, or of his military force. But the case is altered when the situation of the belligerents is considered. That man must be either wilfully blind or disgracefully inattentive to passing events, who does not see and acknowledge that a war between the Dutch ¡and the Belgians-begun at the end of 1830, and continued during the year 1831 must inevitably have led to a contest between Prussia and France, or rather to an European war ofopinion. The Germanic Confederation must have supported his Dutch Majesty's claim to the grand duchy of Luxemburg,-the Prussian provinces on the Rhein would have felt the shock of a rebellion encouraged by a powerful neigh bour,-the principles of a popular revolution must have been universally supported by French political missionaries and French troops in opposition to the creed of the holy Alliance,-and those partial insurrections which broke out in the kingdom of Saxony, Hesse Cassel, in Hanover in Brunswick, and other parts of Germany, v in Switzerland, and m northern Italy- ^ assisted and fermented as they must have been by French intrigues and French arms must infallibly have involved all Europe in a grand revolutionary struggle. We have repeatedly shown, that if tl e Kin<r of Holland refuses to accede to reasonable ter» s of adjustment with Belgium nd endeavours to maintain his hostile position in the citadel of Antwerp, which belongs to the new Belgic kingdom he must be compelled to yield. This alternative has been avoided as long as possible. It cannot be further defered, and the responsibility must light on the head of the prince who has provoked the attack by his stubborn and fatal obstinacy The Times. The squadion under Sir Pultney Malcolm, destined for the Scheldt, is ordered to assemble at Spit head with as little delay as is practicable; it will consist of the Donegal, Spartiate, Revenge, Talavera and Malabar of the line; Vernon Southampton, Stag Castor, Conway, and Volage, frigates; Nimrod, Childers, Rover, Scout, Satellite, Larne, and Snake v Sloops; and the Radamanthus and Dec Steam fri gates. The Revenge and Talavera are hourly expected from Lisbon.-Hamqshire Telegraph. The armament against the Dutch remains much in the same state as last week; a sloop of war from the Irish station joined it to day, two others with two steam frigates, are expected to-morrow, and the Donegal will be at Spithead about Friday next. The Talavera and Revenge, from Lisbon, may be herein the same period, an weil as four or five other vessels from Ireland and coast of Portugal, but the Spartitate, Malabar, and Stag, cannot be expected for a month or six weeks. After all, what use is the preparation of a squadron at this period of the year? not a ship dare go into the North Sea with a view of cruizing off the coast of Holland have not force sufficient, even with the unnatural combination of the Cherbourg fleet, to do so. Hampshire Telegraph. Vice-Admiral Sir Pulteney Malcolm, K. C. B. returned to this port from a visit to town, on Tuesday,- and rehoiited his flag on board the Donegal, which ship was got out of the dock on Wednesday.- Hampshire Telegraph. Large bodies of volunteers for the service of Don Pedro have quitted, and others are on the point of embarking from these shores, at this moment upwards of 2,000 men being on their way to his assistance. The Lord Wellington transport sailed from this port yesterday morning, with upwards of 90 horses on board, for Oporto; this vessel carries out also the officers and recruits who had previously endeavoured to effect a passage in two small cutter», Colonel Bacon, Captain Bromley and Glasscock, with some surgeons, are gone in her; these gentlemen are all most respectably connected, and have generally fitted themselves out at their own co8t. Sir John Doyle sailed also from Falmouth, for Oporto, on Sunday, with volunteers, in the Confiance steamer.-Hampshire Telegraph. BRÜSSELS OCTOBER l8. The day before yesterday the French intendants, whose arrival at Brussels we have announced, made arrangements at the War-Office for supplies to be furnished within 5 or 6 days to the IVench
 * and as for going into any of the ports, we


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 not declared the assembly adjourned. It may be made after the previous question has been ordered, in which case it and the motion to be reconsidered are undebatable. While the making of the motion to reconsider has such high privilege, its consideration has only the rank of the motion to be reconsidered, though it has the right of way in preference to any new motion of equal rank, as illustrated further on; and the reconsideration of a vote disposing of a main question either temporarily or permanently may be called up, when no question is pending, even though the general orders are being carried out. The motion to reconsider cannot be amended, postponed indefinitely, or committed. If the reconsideration is laid on the table or postponed definitely, the question to be reconsidered and all adhering questions go with it.* The previous question and the motions limiting or extending the limits of debate may be applied to it when it is debatable. It is undebatable only when the motion to be reconsidered is undebatable. When debatable it opens to


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 the merits of the question to be reconsidered. It cannot be withdrawn after it is too late to renew the motion. If the motion to reconsider is lost it cannot be repeated except by general consent. No question can be twice reconsidered unless it was materially amended after its first reconsideration. A reconsideration requires only a majority vote, regardless of the vote necessary to adopt the motion reconsidered.

The motion to reconsider cannot be applied to a vote on a motion that may be renewed within a reasonable time; or when practically the same result may be attained by some other parliamentary motion; or when the vote has been partially executed (except in case of the motion to limit debate), or something has been done as the result of the vote that the assembly cannot undo; or to an affirmative vote in the nature of a contract, when the other party to the contract has been notified of the vote; or to a vote on the motion to reconsider. In accordance with these principles, votes on the following motions cannot he reconsidered: Adjourn; Take a Recess; Lay on the Table; Take from the Table; Suspend the Rules or Order of Business ; and Reconsider. Affirmative votes on the following cannot be reconsidered: Proceed to the Orders of the Day; Adopt, or after they are adopted, to Amend, or Repeal, or Rescind, the Constitution, Bylaws, or Rules of Order or any other rules


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 that require previous notice for their amendment; Elect to membership or office if the member or officer is present and does not decline, or if absent and has learned of his election in the usual way and has not declined; to Reopen Nominations. A negative vote on the motion to Postpone Indefinitely cannot be reconsidered as practically the same question comes up again when the vote is taken on the main question. After a committee has taken up the matter referred to it, it is too late to reconsider the vote committing it, though the committee may be discharged. But after debate has proceeded under an order limiting or extending the limits of debate, the vote making that order may be reconsidered, as the debate may develop facts that make it desirable to return to the regular rules of debate. The minutes, or record of proceedings, may be corrected at any time without reconsidering the vote approving them.

If the main question is pending and it is moved to reconsider the vote on any subsidiary [12], incidental [13], or privileged [14] motion, the chair states the question on the reconsideration the moment the motion to be reconsidered is in order if it were made then for the first time. Thus, if, while the motions to commit, for the previous question, and to lay on the table are pending, it is moved to reconsider a negative vote on postponing to a certain time, the chair proceeds to take the


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 Turner, Henry Gribble, postmaster-general Madras, a student of the Inner Temple 7 Nov., 1862 (then aged 18), called to the bar 6 June, 1874 (eldest surviving son of James Turner, Esq., of Staplegrove, Somerset); born, 1844.
 * Madras.

Turner, Henry Wall, B.A., Trin. Coll., Camb., 1840, practises before the supreme court of Victoria, a student of the Inner Temple 27 Jan., 1837 (then aged 19), called to the bar 29 Jan., 1841 (4th son of Charles Turner, Esq., of Hanwell Park, Middlesex); born, 1818.
 * Melbourne, Victoria.

Turner, John, B.A., Exeter Coll., Oxon, 1871, a student of Lincoln's Inn 22 Jan., 1869 (then aged 20), called 30 April, 1873, disbarred at his own request in 1880 and re-admitted a barrister of date 4 July, 1881 (only son of John Gillgrass Turner, of Rothwell, Yorks, solicitor); born, 1849.
 * 41, Tregunter Road, S.W.

Turner, John, B.A., Trin. Coll., Camb. (law tripos), 1877, J.P. co. Aberdeen 1885, capt. 3rd batt. Gordon highlanders 1877, a member of the South-eastern circuit, a. student of the Middle Temple 12 Nov., 1874, called to the bar 15 May, 1878 (eldest son of John Turner, Esq., of Turner Hall, co. Aberdeen); born 2 June, 1855; married 19 April, 1883, Lucy Ethel Janet, eldest dau. of Henry Maynard Harding, Esq., of Tullamaine, co. Tipperary.
 * Kinharrachie Lodge, near Ellon, N.B.

Turner, John Harlowe, a student of the Middle Temple 4 April, 1850, called to the bar 30 April, 1867 (only son of Stephen Harlowe Turner, of London); born,.
 * Late of the Abbey, Bourne, co. Lincoln.

Turner, Matthias Cathrow, a student of the Inner Temple 7 Jan., 1850 (then aged 19), called to the bar 1 May, 1854 (eldest son of Rev. Charles Turner, of Lower Norwood, Surrey); born, 1831; married 27 Oct., 1866, Fanny, 3rd dau. of William Henry Browne, Esq., of St. Albans.

Turner, Marcius William Merryweather, a student of Gray's Inn 9 June, 1841, called to the bar 11 June, 1844 (2nd son of William Stephen Merryweather Turner, Esq., of Norton Court, co. Glouc.); born,.

Turner, Percy Pollexfen Vere, a student of the Inner Temple 2 Dec., 1872 (then aged 24), called to the bar 28 June, 1876 (2nd surviving son of Edward Shewell Turner, of Carshalton, Surrey); born, 1848; married 29 March, 1883, Emma, younger dau. of late Robert Buchanan Dunlop, of Dromheath, co. Dumbarton, and Wrecclesham Grange, Surrey.
 * Exeter.

Turner, Richard Ottaway, M.A., Trin. Coll., Camb., 1853, a student of Lincoln's Inn 22 Nov., 1845 (then aged 20), called to the bar 5 May, 1852 (eldest son of late Richard Turner, of Canton, China, merchant); born, 1825.
 * 295, Regent Street, W.; 2, Stone Buildings, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.

Turner, Thomas, author of Law of Patents and of A Treatise on Copyright in Art Designs, a student of the Middle Temple 23 Oct., 1847, called to the bar 22 Nov., 1850 (eldest son of James Turner, Esq., of Streatham Hill, Surrey); born,.

Turnour, Keppel Arthur, matric. Edinburgh Univ., a student of the Middle Temple 17 Feb., 1881, called to the bar 25 June, 1884 (eldest son of John Horatio Turnour, of Swaffham, Norfolk); born 31 Oct., 1856; married 30 April, 1878, Margaret, only dau. of late C. C. Wallace, of Greenbank, Isle of Bute, and has issue (see Foster's Peerage, ).
 * Lee Park, Blackheath.

Turton, Edmund Russborough, undergrad. Brasenose Coll., Oxon, a member of the North-eastern circuit, a student of the Inner Temple 26 Jan., 1878 (then aged 20), called to the bar 3 May, 1882 (eldest son of Capt. Edmund Henry Turton, of Upsal Castle, Yorks); born 1 Nov., 1857 (see Foster's Peerage, ).
 * Upsal Castle, Thirsk; Larpool Hall, Whitby; 5, Paper Buildings, Temple, E.C.

Turton, Robert Bell, B.A., Balliol Coll., Oxon, 1882, a student of the Inner Temple 17 April, 1880 (then aged 20), called to the bar 17 Nov., 1883 (2nd son of Edmund Henry Turton, Esq., of Upsal Castle, Yorkshire); born 9 Dec., 1859 (see Foster's Peerage, ).
 * 13, Victoria Square, Pimlico, S.W.; 7, New Court, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.

Twamley, Rev. Zachariah, M.A., St. John's Coll., Camb., 1878, vicar of Little Wymondley, Herts, since 1881, a student of the Inner Temple 19 April, 1871 (then aged 31), called to the bar 7 June, 1875 (only son of Zachariah Twamley, Esq., of Castle Bromwich, co. Warwick); born, 1840.
 * Little Wymondley Vicarage, Stevenage.

Tweedale, James Arthur, B.A., LL.B., Trin. Hall, Camb., 1884, a student of the Inner Temple 2 July, 1881 (then aged 20), called to the bar 25 June, 1884 (3rd son of James Frederick Tweedale, of Oldham, co. Lanc., solicitor); born, 1861.
 * Oldham.

Tweedie, John, matric. Edinburgh Univ., district sessions judge Bengal C.S., a student of Lincoln's Inn 7 Nov., 1867 (then aged 29), called to the bar 26 Jan., 1874 (youngest son of William King Tweedie, late of Edinburgh, D.D., dec.); born, 1838.
 * Shehabad, Bengal.

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 vote on laying on the table and, if that is lost, next on the previous question, and then on reconsidering the vote on the postponement, and if that is adopted, then on the postponement, and if that is lost, then on to commit. If the motion to lay on the table had been carried, then when the question was taken from the table the same method of procedure would be followed; that is, the question would be first on ordering the previous question, and next on reconsidering the vote on the postponement, etc. If the reconsideration of an amendment of the first degree is moved while another amendment of the same degree is pending, the pending amendment is first disposed of and then the chair announces the question on the reconsideration of the amendment. If the reconsideration of an amendment to an immediately pending question is moved the chair at once announces the question on the reconsideration.

If the reconsideration is moved while another subject is before the assembly, it cannot interrupt the pending business, but, as soon as that has been disposed of, if called up it has the preference over all other main motions and general orders. In such a case the chair does not state the question on the reconsideration until it is called up. If the motion to reconsider is made at a time when the reconsideration could be called up if it had been previously made, the chair


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 at once states the question on the reconsideration, unless the mover adds to his motion the words, "and have it entered on the minutes," as explained further on. If, after the vote has been taken on the adoption of a main motion, it is desired to reconsider the vote on an amendment, it is necessary to reconsider the vote on the main question also, and one motion should be made to cover both votes. The same principle applies in case of an amendment to an amendment, whether the vote has been taken on the resolution, or only on the amendment of the first degree. When the motion covers the reconsideration of two or three votes, the debate is limited to the question that was first voted on. Thus, if the motion is to reconsider the votes on a resolution and amendments of the first and second degree, the debate is limited to the amendment of the second degree. If the motion to reconsider is adopted the chair states the question on the amendment of the second degree and recognizes the mover of the reconsideration as entitled to the floor. The question is now in exactly the same condition it was in just previous to taking the original vote on that amendment. The Forms of making this motion are as follows: "I move to reconsider the vote on the resolution relating to a banquet." "I move to reconsider the vote on the amendment to strike out 'Wednesday' and insert


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 .'" [This form is used when the resolution is still pending.] "I move to reconsider the votes on the resolution relating to a banquet and on the amendment to strike out 'Wednesday' and insert 'Thursday.'" [This form is used when the vote has been taken on the resolution, and it is desired to reconsider the vote on an amendment.] When the motion to reconsider is made the chair states the question, if it can then be considered, and proceeds as with any other question. If it cannot be considered at that time, he says, "Mr. A moves to reconsider the vote on............ The secretary will make a note of it," and proceeds with the pending business. The reconsideration, after being moved, is brought before the assembly for action as explained in the previous paragraph. If it is called up by a member, he simply says, after obtaining the floor, "I call up the motion to reconsider the vote on.............." This call requires no second or vote. If the call is in order, as previously explained, the chair says, "The motion to reconsider the vote [or votes] on........... is called up. The question is, 'Will the assembly reconsider the vote [or votes] on................. ? Are you ready for the question?'" If the reconsideration is one that the chair states the question on as soon as it can be considered (as when it is moved to reconsider an amendment


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 while another amendment is pending), as soon as the proper time arrives the chair states the question on the reconsideration the same as if the motion to reconsider were made at this time. When the debate, if there is any, is finished, he puts the question thus: "As many as are in favor of reconsidering the vote on the resolution relating to a banquet, say aye; those opposed say no. The ayes have it and the vote on the resolution is reconsidered. The question is now on the resolution, which is," etc. Or, the question may be put thus: "The question is, Will the assembly reconsider the votes on the resolution relating to a banquet, and on the amendment to strike out 'Wednesday' and insert 'Thursday?' As many as are in favor of the reconsideration say aye; those opposed say no. The ayes have it and the votes on the resolution and the amendment are reconsidered. The question is now on the amendment, which is," etc. If the motion to reconsider is adopted the business is in exactly the same condition it was in before taking the vote, or the votes, that have been reconsidered, and the chair instantly states the question on the immediately pending question, which is then open to debate and amendment as before. The Effect of Making this motion is to suspend all action that the original motion would have required until the reconsideration is


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 acted upon; but if it is not called up, this effect terminates with the session* [63], except in an assembly having regular meetings as often as quarterly, when, if not called up, its effect does not terminate till the close of the next regular session. As long as its effect lasts, any one at an adjourned, or a special, or a regular meeting, may call up the motion to reconsider and have it acted upon, though it is not usual for any one but the mover to call it up on the day it is made if the session lasts beyond that day and there is no need of prompt action. The Effect of the Adoption of this motion is to place before the assembly the original question in the exact position it occupied before it was voted upon; consequently no one, after the reconsideration is adopted, can debate the question reconsidered who had on that day exhausted his right of debate on that question; his only recourse is to discuss the question while the motion to reconsider is before the assembly. If the question is not reconsidered until a later day than that on which the vote to be reconsidered was taken, then it is open to free debate regardless of speeches made previously. When a vote taken under the operation of the previous question is reconsidered, the question is then divested of the


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User:DeirdreAnne/DougBot request

I request to run DougBot.

 * Purpose: Repetitive text replacements and formatting prior to proofreading (esp. making chapter headings and other page formatting internally consistent.
 * Scope is limited to mainspace and pagespace edits within certain works that I'm involved in (in most cases virtually the sole editor), namely:
 * Three Books of Occult Philosophy (619 pages)
 * Fourth Book of Occult Philosophy (238 pages)
 * The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy (1774) (444 pages)
 * The Complete Confectioner (1800) (395 pages)
 * The Husbandman and Housewife (206 pages)
 * The Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland (2857 pages)
 * The Art of Distillation (239 pages)
 * The poems of Gaius Valerius Catullus with an English translation (index) (176 pages)
 * The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark (I recently discovered that our text may have missing sections or other deficiencies and we have no page scans, I've worked with Inductiveload to get good scans uploaded to commons and will soon begin working with this work; I will change the formatting to accord with the scans)
 * Other works as I begin them or as requested but I have no plan for the bot to do project wide jobs (in other words each job will be limited to a single work at most).
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title: User:DeirdreAnne/DougBot request


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Udal, John Symonds, a member of the Western circuit, undergrad. Queen's Coll., Oxon, a student of the Inner Temple 21 Jan., 1873 (then aged 24), called to the bar 17 Nov., 1875 (2nd son of William Udal, of Edgbaston); born 10 Nov., 1848; married 8 Aug., 1878, Eva Mary Adeline, 3rd dau. of Commissary-General Leonce Routh, and has issue.
 * The Manor House, Symondsbury, near Bridport; 4, Harcourt Buildings, Temple, E.C.; Conservative Club.

Udall, Thomas Bertram, M.A. Queen's Coll., Oxon, B.A. 1873, a student of Lincoln's Inn 25 Jan., 1871 (then aged 19), called to the bar 26 Jan., 1876 (eldest son of Thomas Udall, of Silverdale, co. Staff., ironmaster); born, 1852; married 13 Sept., 1881, Ellen Frances, 2nd dau. of late Joseph Sidney Beauchamp, Esq., of Hurst, Berks (see Foster's Baronetage).
 * Silverdale, North Staff.; 9, Brunswick Street, Newcastle-under-Lyme.

Ullah, Habib (Syed Mohamed), undergrad. Balliol Coll., Oxon, a student of the Middle Temple 28 June, 1881, called to the bar 17 Nov., 1884 (youngest son of Syed Riaz, Uddin Ullah, of Kurrah, North-west Provinces India, landholder); born,.
 * 17, Bristol Gardens, W.

Underdown, Emanuel Maguire, F.R.G.S., a member of the South-eastern circuit, author of A Treatise on the Law of Art Copyright, a student of the Inner Temple 11 April, 1859 (then aged 28), certificate of honour May, 1861, called to the bar 6 June, 1861 (eldest son of Emanuel Underdown, Esq., of Sidmouth, Devon); born, 1831; married 19 Aug., 1876, Marie, 4th dau. of late Leopold Ehrenfest, formerly of Ober, lieut. in Austrian grenadier guards.
 * 35, Onslow Gardens, S.W.; 3, King's Bench Walk, Temple, E.C.

Underhay, Samuel Sydney, B.A. London Univ. 1868, a member of the Western circuit, a student of the Middle Temple 9 Nov., 1868, called to the bar 6 June, 1871 (only son of S. Fowler Underhay, of London, surgeon); born, ; married 26 July, 1883, Ellen Constance Hadow, 2nd dau. of Admiral Glasse, C.B., of Billacombe, near Plymouth.
 * Plymstock, Plymouth.

Underhill, Arthur, LL.D., Trin. Coll., Dublin, 1880, M.A. 1878, equity lecturer to Incorporated Law Society July, 1884, author of The Law of Torts, 4th edn., The Law of Private Trusts and Trustees, 2nd edn., A Manual of Chancery Procedure, 2nd edn., A Treatise on the Settled Land Act 1882, 2nd. edn., and Free Land and what it Implies, a student of Lincoln's Inn 5 Nov., 1869 (then aged 19), called to the bar 6 June, 1872 (eldest son of Henry Underhill, of Wolverhampton, solicitor); born 10 Oct., 1850; married 17 Sept., 1874, Alice Lucy, younger dau. of M Ironmonger, Esq., J.P., of Graisley, Wolverhampton, and has a dau.
 * 17, Pembridge Place, W.; 1, Old Buildings, Lincoln's Inn. W.C.

Underhill, Joseph, Q.C., a member of the Oxford circuit, a student of the Middle Temple 7 April, 1859, called to the bar 27 Jan., 1862, Q.C. 24 March, 1880, bencher 24 Nov., 1882 (son of George Lees Underhill, of Wolverhampton); born, ; married 24 Aug., 1869, Anne, eldest surviving dau. of Samuel Loveridge, Esq., of Chapel Ash House, Wolverhampton.
 * San Remo, Torquay; 4, Harcourt Buildings, Temple, E.C.

Underwood, Thomas Neilson, a student of the Inner Temple 22 May, 1856 (then aged 25), called to the bar 26 Jan., 1861 (only son of William R. Burton Underwood, Esq., of Strabane, co. Tyrone); born, 1831.
 * Strabane, co. Tyrone.

Upjohn, William Henry, LL.B. London Univ. 1881 and a member of Convocation, univ. exhibitioner and law scholar, editor of Daniell's Forms 1879, sub-editor of Daniell's Chancery Practice, a student of Gray's Inn 16 April, 1877, Holt scholar 1877, Arden scholar 1881, first senior studentship Hilary, 1879, certificate of honour Hilary, 1881, called to the bar 26 Jan., 1881 (eldest son of William Bellingham Drew Upjohn, of London, gent.); born 31 Aug., 1853; married 27 Dec., 1881, Lucy, dau. of late Rees Williams, Esq., of Cefnpennar, Abrdare, Glamorgan.
 * 1, Westgate Terrace, Redcliffe Square, S.W.; 2, New Court, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.

Uppleby, George Charles, M.A., Magdalen Coll., Camb., 1843, from Shrewsbury School, late major 1st batt. Lincolnshire rifle volunteers, high sheriff Lincolnshire 1863, J.P. co. Lincoln (parts of Lindsey), a student of Lincoln's Inn 3 Nov., 1840 (then aged 22), called to the bar 19 Nov., 1844 (only son of Rev. George Uppleby, of Barton-upon-Humber); born 23 April, 1818; married 1st, 4 Aug., 1852, Emily, dau. of Rev. William Worsley, of Braytoft, co. Linc; she died 21 Oct., 1870, leaving issue (see Foster's Baronetage); he married 2ndly,, 1872, Louisa, 3 d dau. of late John Golding, Esq., of Caenby Hall, co. Linc., and has issue.
 * Barrow Hill, Ulceby, co. Lincoln; Oxford and Cambridge Club, S.W.

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 question, and is open to debate and amendment, provided the previous question had been exhausted by votes taken on all the questions covered by it, before the motion to reconsider was made. In standing and special committees a vote may be reconsidered regardless of the time elapsed since the vote was taken, provided the motion is made by one who did not vote with the losing side, and that all members who voted with the prevailing side are present, or have received due notice that the reconsideration would be moved at this meeting. A vote cannot be reconsidered in committee of the whole. Reconsider and Have Entered on the Minutes.* The motion to reconsider, as previously explained in this section, provides means for correcting, at least on the day on which it occurred, errors due to hasty action. By using the same motion and having it entered on the minutes so that it cannot be called up until another day, a means is provided for preventing a temporary majority from taking action that is opposed by the majority of the society. This is needed in large societies with frequent meetings and small quorums, the


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Wace, Henry, M.A., St. John's Coll., Camb., 1879, joint author of Yate-Lee's Law of Bankruptcy, 2nd edn., a student of the Inner Temple 12 June, 1876 (then aged 22), called to the bar 17 Nov., 1879 (3rd son of George Wace, of Shrewsbury, solicitor); born, 1854.
 * 6, New Court, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.

 Waddilove, Alfred, D.C.L., M.A., Trin. Coll., Oxon, 1839, official of the archdeacon of Middlesex, author of Digest of Ecclesiastical Cases, Laws of Marriage and Divorce, etc., an advocate of Doctors' Commons 2 Nov., 1839, a student of the Inner Temple 12 Jan., 1836 (then aged 24), called to the bar 23 Nov., 1841 (4th son of John Waddilove, dec., late of Thorpe, Yorks, gent.); born, 1812.
 * 19, Kensington Park Gardens, W.

 Waddingham, Thomas James, M.A. Oriel Coll., Oxon, B.A. 1862, a member of the Oxford circuit, a student of the Inner Temple 15 April, 1863 (then aged 23), called to the bar 26 Jan., 1866 (2nd son of John Waddingham, Esq., of Guyting Grange, co. Glouc.); born 27 Feb., 1840.
 * Hafod, Aberystwith.

 Waddy, Cadwallader, practises before the High Court at Madras, a student of the Middle Temple 19 Nov., 1870, called to the bar 7 June, 1873 (eldest son of Joseph Swan Waddy, of Wexford, solicitor, an officer R.M.L.I.); born 28 Feb., 1846.
 * Madras.

 Waddy, Samuel Danks, Q.C., M.P. Edinburgh since Nov., 1882, Barnstaple 1874–9, Sheffield 1879–80, B.A. London Univ. 1850 and a member of Convocation, a member of the North-eastern circuit, a student of the Inner Temple 3 Nov., 1855 (then aged 25), called to the bar 17 Nov., 1858, Q.C. 9 Feb., 1874, bencher 16 Jan., 1877 (eldest son of Rev. Samuel Dousland Waddy, D.D., of Sheffield, Yorks); born 27 June, 1830; married 4 Sept., 1860, Emma, dau. of late Samuel A. Gabbutt, Esq., of Hull.
 * Thorncliffe, Finsbury Park, Stoke Newington, N.; 5, Paper Buildings, Temple, E.C.; Devonshire and City Liberal Clubs.

 Wade, Charles Gregory, B.A., St. John's Coll., Camb., 1848, J.P. Devon, a student of Lincoln's Inn 2 May, 1848, went to the Inner Temple 23, and called to the bar there 30, April, 1852 (eldest son of Rev. Charles Gregory Wade, late of Hanwood, Salop, dec.); born 1826.
 * Knowle, Dawlish, Devon.

 Wade, Charles Joseph, a member of the Oxford circuit, J.P. Devon, a student of Gray's Inn 12 June, 1840, went to the Inner Temple 11, and called to the bar there 19, Nov., 1847 (2nd son of Charles Wade, of Hawkshutt, co. Staff., gent.); born, 1816; married 14 March, 1844, Emily, dau. of Robert Colmer, Esq., of Yoxford, Suffolk, and of the Inner Temple.
 * The Knowle, Dawlish; Drewson, Chagford, Devon.

 Wade, Claude FitzRoy, B.A., Magdalen Coll., Oxon, 1872 (exhibition 1872), from Wellington Coll., associate on North-eastern circuit since Jan., 1880, private secretary to late Rt. Hon. Sir Fitzroy Kelly (lord chief baron of the exchequer) Dec., 1873, to Sept., 1880, a student of the Middle Temple 2 July, 1869, called to the bar 6 June, 1874 (only son of late Col. Sir Claude Martine Wade, C.B.); born 2 Jan., 1849; married 26 Aug., 1880, Lucy Marcy, 2nd dau. of late James Lean, Esq., judge of the supreme court at Agra.
 * 93, Cambridge Gardens, Notting Hill, W.; 3, Pump Court, Temple, E.C.

(Wadia), Cursetjee Rustomjee, matric. London Univ. 1872, assistant collector and magistrate at Gorakhpur, Allahabad, a student of the Middle Temple 13 Nov., 1874, called to the bar 17 Nov., 1882 [eldest son of Rustomjee Ardaseer (Wadia), of Bombay, shipbuilder]; born, 1855.
 * Gorakhpur, Allahabad, North-west Provinces India.

Wadya, Hormasji Ardaseer, matric. London Univ. 1866, late of Bombay Univ., practises before the High Court at Bombay, a student of Lincoln's Inn 16 Jan., 1865 (then aged 18), called to the bar 10 June, 1870 (eldest son of Ardaseer Dhunjeebhoy Wadya, of Bombay); born, 1847.
 * Bombay.

Wagg, Edward, a member of the South-eastern circuit, a student of the Inner Temple 25 May, 1863 (then aged 19), called to the bar 17 Nov., 1866 (2nd son of John Wagg, of London); born, 1844.
 * 77, Grosvenor Street, W.; 2, Dr. Johnson's Buildings Temple, E.C.; Windham Club, S.W.

Waggett, John Francis, M.A. Corpus Christi Coll., Oxon, B.A. 1874, Law Times reporter Chancery Division High Court, a student of Lincoln's Inn 7 June, 1872 (then aged 21), called to the bar 28 June, 1876 (eldest son of John Waggett, of London, M.D.); born, 1851; married 29 April, 1879, Edith Bonsor, 3rd dau. of John Batley, Esq., of London.
 * , New Square, Lincoln's Inn, W.C

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 in many cases not exceeding ten per cent of the membership. It enables a society with a small quorum to protect itself from injudicious action by temporary majorities, without requiring previous notice of main motions and amendments as is done in the English Parliament. To accomplish this, however, it is necessary to allow this form of the motion to be applied to a vote finally disposing of a main motion, regardless of the fact that the motion to reconsider has already been made. Otherwise it would be useless, as it would generally be forestalled by the motion to reconsider, in its simple form, which would be voted down, and then this motion could not be made. As this form of the motion is designed only to be used when the meeting is an unrepresentative one, this fact should be very apparent, and some members of the temporary minority should vote with the temporary majority on adopting or postponing indefinitely a main motion of importance, when they think the action is in opposition to the wishes of the great majority of the society. One of them should then move "to reconsider the vote on the resolution [or motion] and have it [or, request that it be] entered on the minutes," which has the effect of suspending all action required by the vote it is proposed to reconsider, as previously explained, and thus gives time to notify absent members of the proposed action. If no member of the


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and his Adventures


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 temporary minority voted with the majority, and it is too late for any one to change his vote so as to move to reconsider, then some one should give notice of a motion to rescind the objectionable vote at the next meeting, which may be done by a majority vote after this notice has been given. Should a minority make an improper use of this form of the motion to reconsider by applying it to a vote which required action before the next regular business meeting, the remedy is at once to vote that when the assembly adjourns it adjourns to meet on another day, appointing a suitable day, when the reconsideration could be called up and disposed of. The mere making of this motion would probably cause the withdrawal of the motion to reconsider, as it would defeat the object of that motion if the majority of the society is in favor of the motion to be reconsidered. If the motion to reconsider is withdrawn, of course the other would be. This form of the motion to reconsider and have entered on the minutes differs from the simple form to reconsider in the following respects: (1) It can be made only on the day the vote to be reconsidered is taken. If a meeting is held on the next day the simple form of the motion to reconsider, made then, accomplishes the object of this motion by bringing the question before the assembly on a


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 Wyatt, Osmund Arthur, clerk of the peace and clerk to the lieutenancy for Monmouthshire since 1880, a student of the Inner Temple 24 Jan., 1832 (then aged 20), called to the bar 7 June, 1839 (2nd son of Arthur Wyatt, of Troy House, co. Mon.); born, 1812.
 * Usk; Gibraltar House, Monmouth.

Wyatt, Robert, M.A., Trin. Coll., Camb., 1860, a student of Lincoln's Inn 5 Nov., 1857 (then aged 22), called to the bar 6 June, 1850 (2nd son of Harvey Wyatt, Esq., of Acton Hill, co. Staff.); born, 1835.
 * Acton Hill, Stafford; 2, Regent's Park Terrace, N.W.; Eton and Harrow Club.

Wyke, Samuel Wilberforce Hartley, a student of the Middle Temple 16 May, 1878, called to the bar 29 June, 1881 (only son of late George Wyke, of Roblestone, co. Pembroke, lieut. R.N.); born,.
 * 2a, Courtfield Road, Cromwell Road, S.W.

Wyld, James John Cooper, LL.B., Trin. Hall, Carab., 1866, D.C.L. Christ Church, Oxon, deputy judge of county courts, engaged in the Tichborne trial and the Norwich election petition, capt. Middlesex yeomanry cavalry, matric. King's Coll., London (two scholarships), a student of the Inner Temple 20 Jan., 1864 (then aged 19), called to the bar 17 Nov., 1866 (only son of James Wyld, of London, M.P.); born, 1845.
 * 29, Trebovir Road, Earl's Court, S.W.; 3, Plowden Buildings, Temple, E.C.

Wyld, Joseph William, a student of the Middle Temple 19 April, 1838, called to the bar 16 April, 1841 (youngest son of James Wyld, of Charing Cross, London); born,.
 * Charing Cross, S.W.

Wylie, Alexander Coghill, a member of the North-eastern circuit, a student of the Middle Temple 2 March, 1874, called to the bar 26 Jan., 1877 (only son of Andrew Wylie, of Primlaws, co. Fife, J.P., F.R.A.S.); born, 1851; married 29 May, 1875, Emilie Isabella, only dau. of Robert Lewis Roumieu, Esq.
 * Primlaws, Leslie, N.B.

Wyllie, Alexander Keith, a member of the South-eastern circuit, undergrad. Caius Coll., Camb., a student of the Inner Temple 8 June, 1876 (then aged 22), called to the bar 25 June, 1879 (3rd son of James Wyllie, of Hunsdon House, Herts); born, 1854.
 * Late of Hunsdon House, Ware, Herts.

Wyndham, Edward John Eveleigh, M.A. Corpus Christi Coll., Oxon, B.A. 1872, a student of the Inner Temple 4 Jan., 1877 (then aged 30), called to the bar 9 June, 1880 (eldest surviving son of John Eveleigh Wyndham, of Stoke Dennis, Devon); born, 1847.
 * Duke Street, St. James', S.W.; 10, Great Queen Street, Westminster, S.W.; Windham Club.

Wyndham, John Eveleigh, M.A., Oriel Coll., Oxon, 1840, from Eton, J.P. Somerset, a student of Lincoln's Inn 18 Nov., 1844 (then aged 31), called to the bar 14 June, 1848 (only son of Rev. John Heathcote Wyndham, of Corton, Somerset); born 25 May, 1814; married April, 1840, Elizabeth Geraldine, dau. of Col. FitzGerald, of Maperton, Somerset, and Furlough Park, co. Mayo, and has issue.
 * Clearwell Court, Coleford, co. Glouc.; Oxford and Cambridge Club.

Williams-Wynn, Arthur Watkin, B.A., Christ Church, Oxon, 1879, from Westminster School, capt Montgomeryshire yeomanry cavalry, a student of the Inner Temple 16 Nov., 1878 (then aged 22), called to the bar 26 Jan., 1882 (eldest son of Charles Watkin Williams-Wynn, of Coed-y-maen, co. Montgomery, late M.P.); born 2 June, 1856 (see Foster's Baronetage).
 * 2, Lower Berkeley Street, Portman Square, W.; 9, King's Bench Walk, Temple, E.C.

Williams-Wynn, Charles Watkin, recorder of Oswestry since April, 1880, M.P. Montgomeryshire 1862–80, J.P., D.L. Montgomeryshire, chairman of Lands Improvement Company, lieut.-col. Montgomery yeomanry cavalry since 1877, M.A., Christ Church, Oxon, 1846, student 1839, from Westminster School, a student of Lincoln's Inn 6 April, 1843 (then aged 20), called to the bar 6 May, 1846 (only son of Rt. Hon. Charles Watkin Williams-Wynn, M.P., and a bencher of Lincoln's Inn); born 4 Oct., 1822; married 18 Aug., 1853, Lady Annora Charlotte Pierrepont, youngest dau. of Charles Herbert, 2nd Earl Manvers, and has issue (see Foster's Baronetage).
 * Coed-y-maen, Welshpool, Montgomeryshire; 2, Lower Berkeley Street, Portman Square, W.; Carlton and Travellers' Clubs, S.W.

Wynne, James, a student of Gray's Inn 4 Feb., 1826, called to the bar 26 Jan., 1854 (3rd son of William Wynne, Esq., of Dublin); born, ; married , , his cousin, Mary Anne, dau. of Rev. Richard Wynne.

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User talk:Boshgs

A contribution from this account or ip address, which appeared to be a test edit, was removed or reverted. Please use the sandbox for this purpose. The community portal has information on contributing to this library. --Spangineer (háblame) 15:02, 17 January 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Boshgs


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Page:Robert's Rules of Order - 1915.djvu/174

 different day from the one when the vote was taken. (2) It outranks the simple form of the motion to reconsider, and may be made even after the vote has been taken on the motion to reconsider, provided the result of the vote has not been announced. If made after the simple form of the motion to reconsider, it supersedes the latter, which is thereafter ignored. (3) It can be applied only to votes which finally dispose of the main question. They are as follows: an affirmative or negative vote on adopting, and an affirmative vote on postponing indefinitely, a main question. And it may be applied to a negative vote on the consideration of a question that has been objected to, provided the session extends beyond that day. (4) In an assembly not having regular business meetings as often as quarterly, it cannot be moved at the last business meeting of a session. (5) It cannot be called up on the day it is made, except when it is moved on the last day of a session of an assembly not having regular business sessions as often as quarterly, when any one can call it up at the last business meeting of the session. After it is called up there is no difference in the treatment of the two forms of the motion.


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 Young, John Kirkpatrick, B.A., Corpus Christi Coll., Oxon, 1880, a student of the Inner Temple 24 Nov., 1877 (then aged 20), called to the bar 17 Nov., 1882 (eldest son of William Young, of Stanhill Court, Surrey); born, 1857.
 * 40, Victoria Road, Kensington, W.

Young, Murdo, a student of the Middle Temple 1 June, 1848, called to the bar 6 June, 1853 (only son of Murdo Young, Esq., of the Strand, London); born,.
 * Care of 1, Campden Grove, Kensington, W.

Young, William, B.A. London Univ. 1855 and a member of Convocation, district judge North-west Provinces India, a student of the Middle Temple 9 Nov., 1864, called to the bar 17 Nov., 1873 (eldest son of Rev. John Young, of London, LL.D.); born ,
 * Care of H. S. King and Co., 45, Pall Mall, S.W.

Young, William Eaton, B.C.L. Queen's Coll., Oxon, B.A. 1871, a student of the Inner Temple 12 April, 1872 (then aged 24), called to the bar 26 Jan., 1875 (only surviving son of late William Jackson Young, of Cookham, Berks, merchant); born 7 Feb., 1848; married 29 July, 1874, Mary Cecil Augusta, only surviving child of Sir Cecil Augustus Bishopp, Bart., late of Parham, Sussex, dec., and has issue (see Foster's Baronetage),
 * Hatt House, Box, Wilts.

Younger, Robert, B.A., Balliol Coll., Oxon, 1883, a student of the Inner Temple 28 Jan., 1882 (then aged 20), called to the bar 17 Nov., 1884 (4th son of James Younger, of Alloa, co. Clackmannan); born, 1862.
 * Alloa, Clackmannan.

Younghusband, Romer Edward, B.A., Balliol Coll., Oxon, 1879, an assistant commissioner Punjab, a student of Lincoln's Inn 18 Nov., 1876 (then aged 18), called to the bar 25 June, 1879 (3rd son of Genl. Robert Romer Younghusband, C.B., of Clifton, co. Glouc.); born, 1858.
 * Dera Ghazi Khan divn. Indus Canal; 106, Pembroke Road, Clifton, Bristol.

THE END.

Printed by Hazell, Watson, & Viney, Limited, London and Aylesbury.

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 37. Rescind, Repeal, or Annul. Any vote taken by an assembly, except those mentioned further on, may be rescinded by a majority vote, provided notice of the motion has been given at the previous meeting or in the call for this meeting; or it may be rescinded without notice by a two-thirds vote, or by a vote of a majority of the entire membership. The notice may be given when another question is pending, but cannot interrupt a member while speaking. To rescind is identical with the motion to amend something previously adopted, by striking out the entire by-law, rule, resolution, section, or paragraph, and is subject to all the limitations as to notice and vote that may be placed by the rules on similar amendments. It is a main motion without any privilege, and therefore can be introduced only when there is nothing else before the assembly. It cannot be made if the question can be reached by calling up the motion to reconsider which has been previously made. It may be made by any member; it is debatable, and yields to all privileged and incidental motions; and all of the subsidiary motions may be applied to it. The motion to rescind can be applied to votes on all main motions, including questions of privilege and orders of the day that have been acted upon, and to votes on an appeal, with the following exceptions: votes cannot be rescinded after something has been done as a result of that vote


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 that the assembly cannot undo; or where it is in the nature of a contract and the other party is informed of the fact; or, where a resignation has been acted upon, or one has been elected to, or expelled from, membership or office, and was present or has been officially notified. In the case of expulsion, the only way to reverse the action afterwards is to restore the person to membership or office, which requires the same preliminary steps and vote as is required for an election.

Where it is desired not only to rescind the action, but to express very strong disapproval, legislative bodies have, on rare occasions, voted to rescind the objectionable resolution and expunge it from the record, which is done by crossing out the words, or drawing a line around them, and writing across them the words, "Expunged by order of the assembly," etc., giving the date of the order. This statement should be signed by the secretary. The words expunged must not be so blotted as not to be readable, as otherwise it would be impossible to determine whether more was expunged than ordered. Any vote less than a majority of the total membership of an organization is certainly incompetent to expunge from the records a correct statement of what was done and recorded and the record of which was officially approved, even though a quorum is present and the vote to expunge is unanimous.


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Rh occupation of her learned men. It is indeed a fact that the very peculiar classical education at present insisted on in Oxford, and imposed by her on the public schools of the country, is a modern innovation, an unintentional and, in a biological sense, 'morbid' outgrowth of that 'Humanism' to which a familiarity with the dead languages was, but is no longer, the pathway.

What is sometimes called the scientific movement, but may be more appropriately described as the Nature-searching movement, rapidly attained an immense development. In the latter half of the last century this culminated in so complete a knowledge of the movements of the heavenly bodies, their chemical nature and physical condition, so detailed a determination of the history of the crust of this earth and of the living things upon it, of the chemical and physical processes which go on in Man and other living things, and of the structure of Man as compared with the animals most like him, and of the enormous length of time during which Man has existed on the earth, that it became possible to establish a general doctrine of the evolution of the kosmos, with more special detail in regard to the history of this earth and the development of Man from a lower animal ancestry. Animals were, in their turn, shown to have developed from simplest living matter, and this from less highly elaborated compounds of chemical 'elements' differentiated at a still earlier stage of evolution. There is, it may be said without exaggeration, no school or body of thinkers at the present day who are

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 38. Renewal of a Motion. When an original main motion or an amendment has been adopted, or rejected, or a main motion has been postponed indefinitely, or an objection to its consideration has been sustained, it, or practically the same motion, cannot be again brought before the assembly at the same session, except by a motion to reconsider or to rescind the vote. But it may be introduced again at any future session. In assemblies having regular sessions as often at least as quarterly, a main motion cannot be renewed until after the close of the next regular session, if it was postponed to that next session; or laid on the table; or adopted, or rejected, or postponed indefinitely, and the motion to reconsider was made and not acted on at the previous session. In these cases the question can be reached at the next session at the time to which it was postponed, or by taking it from the table, or by reconsidering the vote.

In assemblies whose regular sessions are not as frequent as quarterly, any motion which has not been committed or postponed to the next session may be renewed at that next session. The motions to adjourn, to take a recess, and to lay on the table, may be made again and again, provided there has been progress in debate or business, but the making of, or voting on, these motions is not business that justifies the renewal of a motion. Neither


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10 acquainted with the facts now ascertained, which denies the orderly evolution of the kosmos by the regular operation of a more or less completely ascertained series of properties resident in the material of which it consists. The process of evolution—the interaction of these ascertainable, if not fully ascertained, properties—has led (it is held), in the case of the cooling cinder which we call the earth—by an inevitable and predestined course—to the formation of that which we call living matter and eventually of Man himself. From this process all disorderly or arbitrary interferences must, it seems, be excluded. The old fancies as to presiding demons or fairies, which it was imagined had for their business to interrupt the supposed feeble and limited efforts of Nature, as yet unexplored and unappreciated, have passed out of mind. The consensus is complete: Man is held to be a part of Nature, a product of the definite and orderly evolution which is universal; a being resulting from and driven by the one great nexus of mechanism which we call Nature. He stands alone, face to face with that relentless mechanism. It is his destiny to understand and to control it.

There are not wanting those who, accepting this conclusion, seek to belittle Man and endeavour to represent that the veil is lifted, that all is 'explained,' obvious, commonplace, and mean in regard to the significance of life and of Man, because it has become clear that the kosmic process has brought them forth in due order. There are others who rightly perceive that life is no common property of our cooling matter,

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 a motion to postpone indefinitely nor an amendment can be renewed at the same session, but the other subsidiary motions may be renewed whenever the progress in debate or business is such as to make the question before the assembly practically a different one. To take from the table and a call for the orders of the day may be renewed after the business is disposed of that was taken up when the motion to take from the table, or for the orders of the day, was lost. To postpone indefinitely cannot be renewed even though the main motion has been amended since the indefinite postponement was previously moved. A point of order cannot be raised if an identical one has been raised previously without success during the same session. And after the chair has been sustained in a ruling he need not entertain an appeal from a similar decision during the same session. Minutes may be corrected regardless of the time elapsed and of the fact that the correction had been previously proposed and lost.

When a subject which has been referred to a committee is reported back at the same meeting, or a subject that has been laid on the table is taken up at the same meeting, it is not a renewal.

The following motions, unless they have been withdrawn, cannot be renewed at the same session: to adopt or postpone indefinitely an original main motion; to amend; to


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 . unless the question to be reconsidered was amended materially when previously reconsidered; to object to the consideration of a question; to fix the same time to which to adjourn; to suspend the rules for the same purpose at the same meeting, though it may be renewed at another meeting held the same day.

It is the duty of the chair to prevent the privilege of renewal from being used to obstruct business, and when it is evident that it is being so misused he should protect the assembly by refusing to recognize the motions, as explained under Dilatory Motions [40].

39. Ratify. This is a main motion and is used when it is desired to confirm or make valid some action which requires the approval of the assembly to make it valid. The assembly may ratify only such actions of its officers or committees, or delegates, as it had the right to authorize in advance. It cannot make valid a viva voce election when the by-laws require it to be by ballot, nor can it ratify anything done in violation of the laws of the state, or of its own constitution or by-laws, except that it may ratify emergency action taken at a meeting when no quorum was present, even though the quorum is provided for in a by-law. A motion to ratify may be amended by substituting a motion of censure, and vice versa, when the action has been taken by an officer or other representative of the


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Rh but unique and exceptional, and that Man stands apart from and above all natural products, whether animate or inanimate. Some of these thinkers appear to accept the conclusion that if life and Man are regarded as products of the kosmic process—that is, of Nature—'life' and 'Man' lose so much in importance and significance that dire consequences must follow to Man's conception of his dignity and to the essential features of his systems of conduct and social organization. Accordingly they cling to the belief that living matter and Man have not proceeded from an orderly evolution of Nature, but are 'super' natural. It is found on the other hand, by many who have considered these speculations, and hold no less explicitly than do the 'supernaturalists,' that life is a momentous and peculiar feature of our earth's surface and Man the isolated and unparalleled 'piece of work,' 'the beauty of the world,' 'the paragon of animals'—it is found by many such, I say, that nothing is gained in regard to our conception of Man's nobility and significance by supposing that he and the living matter which has given rise to him, are not the outcome of that system of orderly processes which we call Nature.

There is one consideration in regard to this matter which, it seems, is often overlooked and should be emphasized. It is sometimes, and perhaps with a sufficient excuse in a want of acquaintance with Nature, held by those who oppose the conclusion that Man has been evolved by natural processes, that the products of Nature are arbitrary, haphazard, and due to chance, and that Man cannot be conceived of as originating by chance. This notion of 'chance' is a misleading figment inherited by the modern world

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12 from days of blank ignorance. The 'Nature-searchers' of to-day admit no such possibility as 'chance.' It will be in the recollection of many here, that a leading writer and investigator of the Victorian Era, the physicist John Tyndall, pointed out in a celebrated address delivered at Belfast that according to the conceptions of the mechanism of Nature arrived at by modern science—the structure of that mechanism is such that it would have been possible for a being of adequate intelligence inspecting the gaseous nebula from which our planetary system has evolved to have foreseen in that luminous vapour the Belfast audience and the professor addressing it! The fallacy that in given but unknown circumstances anything whatever may occur in spite of the fact that some one thing has been irrevocably arranged to occur, is a common one2. It is correct to assume in the absence of any pertinent knowledge (if we are compelled to estimate the probabilities) that one event is as likely as another to occur; but nevertheless there is no 'chance' in the matter since the event has been already determined, and might be predicted by those possessing the knowledge which we lack. Thus then it appears that the conclusion that Man is a part of Nature is by no means equivalent to asserting that he has originated by 'blind chance': it is in fact a specific assertion that he is the predestined outcome of an orderly—and to a large extent 'perceptible'—mechanism.

The general process by which the higher and more elaborate forms of life, and eventually man himself, have

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54 NOTE 2 (p. 12).

There is a tendency among writers on Variation, as affording the opportunity for the operation of Natural Selection, to assume that the variations presented by organisms are minute variations in every direction around a central point. Those observers who have done useful work in showing the definite and limited character of organic variations have very generally assumed that they are opposing a commonly held opinion that variation is of this equally distributed character. I cannot find that Mr. Darwin made any such assumption; and it is certain, and must on reflection have been recognized by all naturalists, that the variations by the selection and intensification of which natural selection has produced distinct forms or species, and in the course of time altogether new groups of plants and animals, are strictly limited to definite lines rendered possible, and alone possible, by the constitution of the living matter of the parental organism. We have no reason to suppose that the offspring of a beetle could in the course of any number of generations present variations on which selection could operate so as to eventually produce a mammalian vertebrate; or that, in fact, the general result of the process of selection of favourable variations in the past has not been ab initio limited by the definite and restricted possibilities characteristic of the living substance of the parental organisms of each divergent line or branch of the pedigree.

NOTE 3 (p. 14).

M. Paul Bourget of the Académie Française is not only a charming writer of modern 'novels,' but claims to be a 'psychologist,' a title which perhaps may be conceded to every author who writes of human character. His works are so deservedly esteemed, and his erudition is, as a rule, so unassailable, that in selecting him as an example of the frequent misrepresentation, among literary men, of Darwin's doctrine, I trust that my choice may be regarded as a testimony of my admiration for his art. In his novel Un

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text: Men-at-the-Bar/Pocock, Isaac John Innes

title: Men-at-the-Bar/Pocock, Isaac John Innes


text: Portal:Isaac John Innes Pocock

title: Portal:Isaac John Innes Pocock


text:
Author:Isaac Pocock

Works

 * Albufaragius
 * "Oh Say Not Woman's Love is Bought", song from his opera The Heir of Vironi
 * "Tho' you leave me now in sorrow", song from his opera Rob Roy MacGregor

title: Author:Isaac Pocock