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24 Caribs, he determined to remain the sole master of his "cacicat," which he had conquered by main force. Therefore he did not hesitate to cause the invaders to be arrested and put to death. And, having a vague presentiment of future perils, he determined to rid the island of the dangerous newcomers; in consequence he invaded the Marien. At the head of a numerous band of armed followers he rushed upon the fortress The Nativity, which he razed to the ground, after exterminating all the Spaniards. Henceforth it was to be war to the death. When, on the 27th of November, 1493, Columbus returned to the place where The Nativity was built, he could but deplore the disaster. From Spain he had brought with him imposing forces. He settled in the eastern part of what is known to-day as Monte Christi; and there was built the first town erected by the Spaniards in the West Indies. In honor of the Queen of Spain this town was called Isabella. Among Columbus's new companions there were many adventurers whose sole thought was to acquire riches. They began searching for gold with a greed second only to their contempt for the feelings of the Indians. Besides, the latter had to work hard to supply their oppressors with cotton, tobacco, and gold dust. They were soon compelled to fetch from the bowels of the earth that gold which in their indolence they had been content to pick up in the sands of the rivers. Their artless souls rose against such unjust oppression. They joined the party of Caonabo, who became the leader of the opposition to the tyranny of the foreigners. The natives fought gallantly. To get rid of his indomitable foe, Columbus had to resort to Alonzo Ojeda's perfidy. Under the pretext of making peace, they decoyed Caonabo into an ambush. As a gift from the chief of the Spaniards, Ojeda presented him with chains and handcuffs made of iron polished and glittering like silver.

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 The red Globule is the unwearied Sun by Los created

To measure Time and Space to mortal Men every morning.

Bowlahoola & Allamanda are placed on each side

Of that Pulsation & that Globule, terrible their power.

But Rintrah & Palamabron govern over Day & Night

In Allamanda & Entuthon Benython where Souls wail:

Where Orc incessant howls burning in fires of Eternal Youth,

Within the vegetated mortal Nerves; for every Man born is joined

Within into One mighty Polypus, and this Polypus is Orc.

But in the Optic vegetative Nerves Sleep was transformed

To Death in old time by Satan the father of Sin & Death:

And Satan is the Spectre of Orc, & Orc is the generate Luvah.

But in the Nerves of the Nostrils, Accident being Formed

Into Substance & Principle, by the cruelties of Demonstration

It became Opake & Indefinite: but the Divine Saviour

Formed it into a Solid by Los's Mathematic power.

He named the Opake, Satan: he named the Solid, Adam.

And in the Nerves of the Ear (for the Nerves of the Tongue are closed)

On Albion's Rock Los stands creating the glorious Sun each morning,

And when unwearied in the evening he creates the Moon,

Death to delude, who all in terror at their splendor leaves

His prey while Los appoints, & Rintrah & Palamabron guide,

The Souls clear from the Rock of Death, that Death himself may wake

In his appointed season when the ends of heaven meet.

Then Los conducts the Spirits to be Vegetated into

Great Golgonooza, free from the four iron pillars of Satan's Throne,

Temperance, Prudence, Justice, Fortitude, the four pillars of tyranny,

That Satan's Watch-Fiends touch them not before they Vegetate.

But Enitharmon and her Daughters take the pleasant charge

To give them to their lovely heavens till the Great Judgment Day:

Such is their lovely charge. But Rahab & Tirzah pervert

Their mild influences, therefore the Seven Eyes of God walk round

The Three Heavens of Ulro where Tirzah & her Sisters

Weave the black Woof of Death upon Entuthon Benython,

In the Vale of Surrey where Horeb terminates in Rephaim.

The stamping feet of Zelophehad's Daughters are cover'd with Human gore

Upon the treddles of the Loom: they sing to the winged shuttle

The River rises above his banks to wash the Woof: 30


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Rh The unsuspecting Indian admired the irons, and mistaking them for ornaments he allowed himself to be manacled. He was then easily carried to Columbus, who kept him prisoner in his own house. Caonabo was afterward sent to Spain. This treacherous act, instead of intimidating the Indians, provoked a general uprising. Manicatoex, Caonabo 's brother, became their leader. Against the band of numerous warriors who threatened the town of Isabella, Columbus despatched a well-disciplined body of foot-soldiers, cavalrymen, gunners, and arbolisters; twenty-five blood-hounds also were added to the army. In the struggle the natives fought desperately; but the firearms of the Spaniards prevailed over their spears and clubs. Their forces were annihilated. The cavalry harassed the fugitives, many of whom became the prey of the ferocious dogs. No quarter was granted, those only could escape who were lucky enough to reach the shelter of the inaccessible mountains. This victory secured the Spanish domination. The Indians agreed to pay tribute to them. However, the tranquillity which followed these events did not last long; more terrible convulsions were in store for the unfortunate island. The exactions of the Spaniards became unbearable. Hoping to get rid of them by starvation, the Indians gave up cultivating their lands; they deserted their homes, taking shelter in unsearchable forests in the mountains, where they lived on roots; they voluntarily endured hardships rather than submit to the treatment inflicted on them by the conquerors.

The Haitian soil was soon to be soaked with Spanish blood. In the absence of Columbus, who left for Spain in 1496, his companions quarreled and civil war began. On all sides bloody scenes were enacted: the Spaniards


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 He takes it in his arms; he passes it in strength thro' his current.

The veil of human miseries is woven over the Ocean,

From the Atlantic to the Great South Sea, the Erythrean.

Such is the World of Los, the labour of six thousand years:

Thus Nature is a Vision of the Science of the Elohim.

END OF THE FIRST BOOK 31


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26 exterminating the Indians; the latter availing themselves of the least opportunity to retaliate; and to crown the situation, the Spaniards killing each other. On his return to Hispañola, Columbus suppressed the dissensions among his followers by establishing, in behalf of Roldan-Jimenes, the leader of the malcontents, what is known as the "repartimientos" system: he granted to Roldan and to his followers a certain quantity of land and a sufficient number of Indians to cultivate it. In that manner slavery began to appear; and Quisqueya had a new horror to add to the list of the calamities with which its unhappy inhabitants were already afflicted. In 1500 Bobadilla succeeded Columbus; and the "repartimientos" system became worse. The "caciques" were compelled to supply every Spaniard with a certain number of Indians; these Indians were made to work under the guidance and in behalf of their masters, to whose heirs they were transferable. Naturally this caused the natives to be still more highly displeased. Moved by their complaints the court of Spain appointed Nicholas Ovando governor of the island; he landed in Santo Domingo on the 15th of April, 1502.

The new governor had a good reputation, which he soon belied. It would seem that in reaching Hispañola the best-intentioned man laid aside his kind disposition to give way to his worst instincts. Thinking only of shipping as much gold as possible, in order to convince the King of Spain of the merit of his administration, Ovando was pitiless to the Indians. These unfortunate people, accustomed to the sunshine, were made to live in the depths of the earth; and many of them died from starvation and exhaustion. From the Canary Islands Pierre d'Atença brought


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P. 30 ''How wide the Gulf & Unpassable! between Simplicity & Insipidity''.

MILTON

Contraries are Positives:

A Negation is not a Contrary.

BOOK THE SECOND

THERE is a place where Contraries are equally True:

This place is called Beulah. It is a pleasure lovely Shadow

Where no dispute can come, Because of those who Sleep.

Into this place the Sons & Daughters of Ololon descended

With solemn mourning, into Beulah's moony shades & hills

Weeping for Milton: mute wonder held the Daughters of Beulah,

Enraptur'd with affection sweet and mild benevolence.

Beulah is evermore created around Eternity; appearing

To the Inhabitants of Eden around them on all sides.

But Beulah to its Inhabitants appears within each district,

As the beloved infant in his mother's bosom round incircled

With arms of love & pity & sweet compassion. But to

The Sons of Eden the moony habitations of Beulah

Are from Great Eternity a mild & pleasant Rest.

And it is thus Created. Lo, the Eternal Great Humanity

To whom be Glory & Dominion Evermore, Amen,

Walks among all his awful Family seen in every face:

As the breath of the Almighty such are the words of man to man

In the great Wars of Eternity, in fury of Poetic Inspiration,

To build the Universe stupendous: Mental forms Creating.

But the Emanations trembled exceedingly, nor could they

Live, because the Life of Man was too exceeding unbounded.

His joy became terrible to them, they trembled & wept,

Crying with one voice: Give us a habitation & a place

In which we may be hidden under the shadow of wings:

For if we, who are but for a time & who pass away in winter,

Behold these wonders of Eternity we shall consume:

But you, O our Fathers & Brothers, remain in Eternity

But grant us a Temporal Habitation, do you speak

To us; we will obey your words as you obey Jesus

The Eternal who is blessed for ever & ever. Amen. 32


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Rh the sugar-cane to Hispañola. This new culture increased the burden which was already so heavy for the natives. With a view to preventing any uprising on their part Ovando decided to destroy the last centres of organization where they could gather their forces for a common resistance. On his arrival two of the former "cacicats" were still holding their own and recognized the authority of two aborigines.

Anacaona, widow of the gallant Caonabo, governed the Xaragua, and the Higuey was ruled by Cotubanama. The prestige of the Queen of Xaragua was very great. She was a beautiful woman, possessing the art of lulling away the cares of her people by extemporizing for them the naive songs they were so fond of. Like her husband, Anacaona was to be a victim of the Spanish tyranny. Ovando took umbrage at the moral ascendency she possessed over the natives. Under the pretext of collecting the tribute due to the Court of Spain, he left for the Xaragua, escorted by 300 foot soldiers and 70 cavalrymen. In pursuance of instructions given by Anacaona, the people everywhere gave him the most friendly welcome. The Queen herself went to meet her illustrious visitor, in honor of whom many festivities took place. But all this confidence did not move the inexorable Spaniard. During one of the festivities, at a given signal agreed on beforehand, Ovando's soldiers rushed upon the harmless Indians and began a wholesale slaughter. They set fire to the village, thus rendering the massacre still more horrible. Anacaona, now a prisoner, was dragged away to Santo Domingo, where a mock court of justice, completing Ovando's treachery, sentenced her to death. Neither her beauty nor her charms could excite the compassion of the conquerors, and she was hanged. Thereafter Ovando was master of the Xaragua. (1504.) But the Higuey was still under the authority of the


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 So spake the lovely Emanations: & there appeared a pleasant

Mild Shadow above, beneath, & on all sides round.

P. 31 INTO this pleasant Shadow all the weak & weary

Like Women & Children were taken away as on wings

Of dovelike softness, & shadowy habitations prepared for them.

But every man return'd & went still going forward thro'

The Bosom of the Father in Eternity on Eternity,

Neither did any lack or fall into Error without

A Shadow to repose in all the Days of happy Eternity.

Into this pleasant Shadow Beulah all Ololon descended,

And when the Daughters of Beulah heard the lamentation

All Beulah wept, for they saw the Lord coming in the Clouds,

And the Shadows of Beulah terminate in rocky Albion.

And all Nations wept in affliction, Family by Family:

Germany wept towards France & Italy: England wept & trembled

Towards America: India rose up from his golden bed,

As one awaken'd in the night: they saw the Lord coming

In the Clouds of Ololon with Power & Great Glory.

And all the Living Creatures of the Four Elements wail'd

With bitter wailing: these in the aggregate are named Satan

And Rahab: they know not of Regeneration, but only of Generation,

The Fairies, Nymphs, Gnomes & Genii of the Four Elements,

Unforgiving & unalterable, these cannot be Regenerated

But must be Created, for they know only of Generation.

These are the Gods of the Kingdoms of the Earth: in contrarious

And cruel opposition: Element against Element, opposed in War,

Not Mental, as the Wars of Eternity, but a Corporeal Strife:

In Los's Halls continual labouring in the Furnaces of Golgonooza.

Orc howls on the Atlantic: Enitharmon trembles: All Beulah weeps

Thou hearest the Nightingale begin the Song of Spring:

The Lark sitting upon his earthly bed, just as the morn

Appears, listens silent, then springing from the waving Cornfield! loud

He leads the Choir of Day: trill, trill, trill, trill,

Mounting upon the wings of light into the Great Expanse,

Reechoing against the lovely blue & shining heavenly Shell.

His little throat labours with inspiration; every feather

On throat & breast & wings vibrates with the effluence Divine:

All Nature listens silent to him, & the awful Sun

Stands still upon the Mountain looking on this little Bird 33


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 With eyes of soft humility & wonder, love & awe.

Then Loud from their green covert all the Birds begin their Song:

The Thrush, the Linnet & the Goldfinch, Robin & the Wren

Awake the Sun from his sweet reverie upon the Mountain:

The Nightingale again assays his song & thro' the day

And thro' the night warbles luxuriant: every Bird of Song

Attending his loud harmony with admiration & love.

This is a Vision of the Lamentation of Beulah over Ololon.

Thou perceivest the Flowers put forth their precious Odours,

And none can tell how from so small a center comes such sweet,

Forgetting that within that Center Eternity expands

Its ever during doors, that Og & Anak fiercely guard.

First e'er the morning breaks joy opens in the flowery bosoms,

Joy even to tears, which the Sun rising dries: first the Wild Thyme

And Meadow-sweet downy and soft, waving among the reeds,

Light springing on the air lead the sweet Dance, they wake

The Honeysuckle sleeping on the Oak: the flaunting beauty

Revels along upon the wind: the White-thorn, lovely May,

Opens her many lovely eyes: listening the Rose still sleeps:

None dare to wake her, soon she bursts her crimson curtained bed

And comes forth in the majesty of beauty: every Flower,

The Pink, the Jessamine, the Wall-flower, the Carnation

The Jonquil, the mild Lilly opes her heavens; every Tree

And Flower & Herb soon fill the air with an innumerable Dance,

Yet all in order sweet & lovely, Men are sick with Love:

Such is a Vision of the Lamentation of Beulah over Ololon.

P. 32 AND the Divine Voice was heard in the Songs of Beulah, Saying:

When I first Married you, I gave you all my whole Soul:

I thought that you would love my loves & joy in my delights,

Seeking for pleasures in my pleasures, O Daughter of Babylon.

Then thou wast lovely, mild & gentle, now thou art terrible

In jealousy & unlovely in my sight, because thou hast cruelly

Cut off my loves in fury till I have no love left for thee.

Thy love depends on him thou lovest & on his dear loves

Depend thy pleasures, which thou hast cut off by jealousy:

Therefore I shew my Jealousy & set before you Death.

Behold Milton descended to Redeem the Female Shade

From Death Eternal; such your lot, to be continually Redeem'd

By Death & misery of those you love & by Annihilation.

When the Sixfold Female perceives that Milton annihilates 34


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 Himself: that seeing all his loves by her cut off, he leaves

Her also, intirely abstracting himself from Female loves:

She shall relent in fear of death; She shall begin to give

Her maidens to her husband, delighting in his delight.

And then & then alone begins the happy Female joy

As it is done in Beulah, & thou, O Virgin Babylon Mother of Whoredoms,

Shalt bring Jerusalem in thine arms in the night watches: and

No longer turning her a wandering Harlot in the streets,

Shalt give her into the arms of God your Lord & Husband.

Such are the Songs of Beulah, in the Lamentations of Ololon.

P. 34 AND all the Songs of Beulah sounded comfortable notes

To comfort Ololon's lamentation, for they said:

Are you the Fiery Circle that late drove in fury & fire

The Eight Immortal Starry-Ones down into Ulro dark,

Rending the Heavens of Beulah with your thunders & lightnings?

And can you thus lament & can you pity & forgive?

Is terror chang'd to pity, O wonder of Eternity?

And the Four States of Humanity in its Repose,

Were shewed them. First of Beulah, a most pleasant Sleep

On Couches soft, with mild music, tended by Flowers of Beulah,

Sweet Female forms, winged or floating in the air spontaneous:

The Second State is Alla, & the third State Al-Ulro:

But the Fourth State is dreadful, it is named Or-Ulro.

The First State is in the Head, the Second is in the Heart,

The Third in the Loins & Seminal Vessels, & the Fourth

In the Stomach & Intestines terrible, deadly, unutterable.

And he whose Gates are open'd in those Regions of his Body

Can from those Gates view all these wondrous Imaginations.

But Ololon sought the Or-Ulro & its fiery Gates,

And the Couches of the Martyrs: & many Daughters of Beulah

Accompany them down to the Ulro with soft melodious tears,

A long journey & dark thro' Chaos in the track of Milton's course,

To where the Contraries of Beulah War beneath Negations Banner.

Then View'd from Milton's Track they see the Ulro, a vast Polypus

Of living fibres down into the Sea of Time & Space growing,

A self-devouring monstrous Human Death Twenty seven fold:

Within it sit Five Females & the nameless Shadowy Mother,

Spinning it from their bowels with songs of amorous delight

And melting cadences that lure the Sleepers of Beulah down 35


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28 stalwart Cotubanama. It was an easy matter to find a pretext for waging war on him. The last of the Haitian "caciques" defended his small State with great bravery. The struggle was a fierce one. The Spanish fury spared neither sex nor age. They massacred the natives indiscriminately. Vanquished at last, Cotubanama was taken as a prisoner to Santo Domingo where, like Anacaona, he was hanged. Through his defeat and death the Spaniards at last acquired the entire possession of Hispañola. Ovando was victorious. The Spanish conquest had annihilated a whole race. Shipped to Europe and sold as slaves, heavily burdened with taxes, over-worked, tormented, persecuted, the autochthons had rapidly disappeared. Many had resorted to suicide to escape from the ill treatment inflicted on them; others were devoured by the ferocious dogs; the greatest number had fallen in the bloody wars and bloody massacres. In 1507, scarcely fifteen years after the arrival of the Spaniards, there remained, out of a population numbering about 1,000,000, only 60,000 natives. Four years later, in 1511, these 60,000 were reduced to 14,000.

The cruelty and cupidity of the newcomers had depopulated the island. There was in consequence a great deficiency of laborers: the prosperity of Hispañola was in jeopardy. Ovando, always fruitful in expedients, conceived the idea of importing the inhabitants of the neighboring islands, pretending that it would be easier to convert them to Christianity. Deceived by the grossest artifices, 40,000 of those unfortunate people were removed from their homes and became at Hispañola the prey of the Spanish avidity. The Spaniards soon introduced into the island a new element more resisting than the Indians and Caribs: a few blacks had been sold in the colony. Pleased with their work, the Spaniards held the Africans as indispensable. The slave-trade which ensued was the cause of the downfall of the colonists. Cargoes of human flesh abounded in Hispañola. Stunned by their brutal


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 The River Storge (which is Arnon) into the Dead Sea:

Around this Polypus Los continual builds the Mundane Shell.

Four Universes round the Universe of Los remain Chaotic,

Four intersecting Globes, & the Egg form'd World of Los

In midst: stretching from Zenith to Nadir, in midst of Chaos.

One of these Ruin'd Universes is to the North, named Urthona:

One in the South, this was the glorious World of Urizen:

One to the East, of Luvah: One to the West, of Tharmas.

But when Luvah assumed the World of Urizen in the South

All fell towards the Center sinking-downward in dire Ruin.

Here in these Chaoses the Sons of Ololon took their abode,

In chasms of the Mundane Shell which open on all sides round,

Southward & by the East within the Breach of Milton's descent,

To watch the time, pitying & gentle to awaken Urizen.

They stood in a dark land of death, of fiery corroding waters,

Where lie in evil death the Four Immortals pale and cold,

And the Eternal Man, even Albion, upon the Rock of Ages.

Seeing Milton's Shadow, some Daughters of Beulah trembling

Return'd, but Ololon remain'd before the Gates of the Dead.

And Ololon looked down into the Heavens of Ulro in fear.

They said: How are the Wars of man which in Great Eternity

Appear around, in the External Spheres of Visionary Life,

Here render'd deadly within the Life & Interior Vision?

How are the Beasts & Birds & Fishes & Plants & Minerals

Here fix'd into a frozen bulk subject to decay & death?

Those Visions of Human Life & Shadows of Wisdom & Knowledge

P. 35 ARE here frozen to unexpansive deadly destroying terrors.

And War & Hunting, the Two Fountains of the River of Life,

Are become Fountains of bitter Death & of Corroding Hell:

Till Brotherhood is chang'd into a Curse & a Flattery,

By Differences between Ideas, that Ideas themselves, (which are

The Divine Members) may be slain in offerings for sin.

O dreadful Loom of Death! O piteous Female Forms compell'd

To weave the Woof of Death! On Camberwell Tirzah's Courts,

Malah's on Blackheath, Rahab & Noah dwell on Windsor's heights:

Where once the Cherubs of Jerusalem spread to Lambeth's Vale

Milcah's Pillars shine from Harrow to Hampstead, where Hoglah

On Highgate's heights magnificent Weaves over trembling Thames

To Shooters' Hill and thence to Blackheath the dark Woof; Loud, 36


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Rh separation from their families, stupefied by the sufferings and the fatigues of a long journey, scattered on the various plantations, and unable to understand the language spoken around them, the new slaves were at first necessarily docile and obedient. But, little by little, through contact with the survivors of the last Indians, they began to be able to exchange ideas among themselves. And the old grievances uniting with the new ones served to augment the hatred of the oppressors. In 1519 occurred the last uprising of what was left of the first inhabitants of the island. Saved almost miraculously from the massacre of Anacaona's followers in 1504, Henri, a native of Bahoruco, was taken to Santo Domingo and brought up in a convent of Dominican friars. Though he became a Christian, he was nevertheless a slave. Tired of all the ill treatment inflicted on him by his master, incensed by an attempt on his wife's honor, and being unable to obtain justice, he fled in 1519; accompanied only by a few Indian slaves who swore to die rather than endure again the humiliation of their former condition, he took refuge in the mountains of Bahoruco. This new leader could read and write; and like some of his companions he understood the use of firearms. They could therefore successfully hold their own. The Spanish pride received blow after blow. Henri's victories encouraged all the Indians who could make their escape to flock to his camp.

The black slaves were not long in following the example of their companions in misfortune. They rebelled on the very plantation of Diego Columbus, governor of the island. They set fire to all the farms they found on their way and killed every European they met. But, being without a leader and having only a slight knowledge of the country, they met with rapid defeat. Yet many of them were fortunate enough to reach the Ocao Mountains, where there lived already some men of their race, known as maroons, who had freed themselves from slavery. The Spaniards failed to subdue Henri either by force


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30 or by deceit. He firmly established his authority in the Bahoruco, and his followers became the terror of the colonists. It was now his turn to inflict humiliations on the conquerors; which he did for more than fourteen years. The frequent defeats met by the Spaniards decided Charles V, then King of Spain and Emperor of Germany, to send a special agent to Hispañola: Barrio-Nuevo was intrusted with the mission of restoring peace. Bearing a letter from the Emperor to Don Henri, he had no trouble in persuading the "cacique" to lay down his arms. Acting by the advice of Las Cases, who was called the "Protector of the Indians," Henri went to Santo Domingo. A solemn treaty of peace was made and ratified on both sides. Henri was allowed to reside in the village of Boya. Exempt from paying tribute, he was to be called "cacique of Haiti" and to keep under his command the Indians who were permitted to follow him. These, numbering about 4,000, the last scions of the aboriginal race, settled at Boya. They had at last recovered their liberty. Henceforth they would be able to lead a quiet life.