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Rh churn; and the delicious honey which we ate to our cassava bread might have been a treat to European epicures.

The remains of our repast was always divided among our domestic animals. We had four dogs, the jackal, the eagle, and the monkey, who relied on their masters, and were never neglected. But if the buffalo, the onagra, and the sow had not been able to provide for themselves, we must have killed them, for we had no food for them.

We now decided that we would not expose ourselves to another rainy season in such an unsuitable habitation; even my gentle Elizabeth got out of temper with the inconveniences, and begged we would build a better winter house; stipulating, however, that we should return to our tree in summer. We consulted a great deal on this matter; Fritz quoted Robinson Crusoe, who had cut a dwelling out of the rock, which sheltered him in the inclement season; and the idea of making our home at Tent House naturally came into my mind. It would probably be a long and difficult undertaking, but with time, patience, and perseverance, we might work wonders. We resolved, as soon as the weather would allow us, to go and examine the rocks at Tent House.

The last work of the winter was, at my wife’s incessant request, a beetle for her flax, and some carding-combs. The beetle was easily made, but the combs cost much trouble. I filed large nails till they were round and pointed, I fixed them, slightly inclined, at equal distances, in a sheet of tin, and raised the edge like a box; I then poured melted lead between the nails and the edge, to fix them more firmly. I nailed this on a


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164 board, and the machine was fit for use, and my wife was all anxiety to begin her manufacture.

I describe our delight when, after long and gloomy weeks, we saw at length the sky clear, and the sun, dispersing the dark clouds of winter, spread its vivifying rays over all nature; the winds were lulled, the waters subsided, and the air became mild and serene. We went out, with shouts of joy, to breathe the balmy air, and gratified our eyes with the sight of the fresh verdure already springing up around us. Nature seemed in her youth again, and amidst the charms that breathed on every side, we forgot our sufferings, and, like the children of Noah coming forth from the ark, we raised a hymn of thanksgiving to the Giver of all good.

All our plantations and seeds had prospered. The corn was springing, and the trees were covered with leaves and blossoms. The air was perfumed with the odour of countless beautiful flowers; and lively vith the songs and cries of hundreds of brilliant birds, all busy building their nests. This was really spring in all its glory.

We began our summer occupation by cleaning and putting in order our dormitory in the tree, which the rain ind the scattered leaves had greatly deranged; and in a few days we were able to inhabit it again. My wife immediately began with her flax; while my sons were leading the cattle to the pasture, I took the bundles of flax into the

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 "This succeeded well; a great explosion agitated the air—a torrent of the carbonic gas rushed through the opening"—P. 168.


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ERMANS have been accredited with phlegmatic temperaments by able scientists of their own schools. Highly desirable as such a slow response to stimuli may be in many ways, it yet conveys the idea, by reason of such an unhappy term as phlegm, of unemotional lethargic disposition. Fortunately this is not the case; if it were, the Germany of commerce would have been unknown. The great writer, Pascal, once said that the individual passed through the same changes as the race. We can, with ample authority for our step, apply the general characteristics to any individual whose life we seek to portray. Cautious and deliberate judgment, that rides supreme over hasty, rash, and consequently illogical decisions; massiveness of intellect, that compares favourably with the acute; a love of the vast and the infinite, which delights the fertile brain; a careful analytical handling of the problematical and speculative—these are the positive factors which the word phlegm should embrace.

Mr. E. A. Mannheim was born in the province of Posen, in Germany, in 1867. As a student he attended a full course of lectures on mineralogy in the Science and Mining College of Silesia. He blended his theoretical knowledge with practical study of metallurgy in the same town. The land of Bunsen and many other distinguished chemists and scientists imparts first-class instruction. After attaining the necessary certificate of merit, in 1885 Mr. Mannheim sailed for Adelaide.

On his arrival, he found to his regret that mining there was not in so happy a condition as had been represented, and this behoved his engaging in commercial pursuits for a time. Not altogether unfortunate in his first commercial attempt in the colonies, he left for the Teetulpa Gold fields, South Australia, on the first report of their discovery. He laboured on the fields for six months, but no sufficient recompense for work was forthcoming, and scarcity of gold again drove him to the shades of commerce—in the Wimmera, Victoria

Finally, he sailed for Western Australia, where gold discoveries were now being made, and he arrived here just when Yilgarn was opening up. He proceeded as far as Southern Cross, made several lucrative investments, and retired to Adelaide to watch developments. For six months he remained in Adelaide, partly to recruit his health and partly to await news of further discoveries. At last Coolgardie was sensationally reported to be the salvation of the colony. Dame Exaggeration, flying with hasty wings, waxed as she went, and people became so mesmerised that they believed everything and anything. Mr. Mannheim's former visit gave him a favourable impression of the auriferous promise of Western Australia, and the news therefore filled him with little surprise.

In 1892 he reached Coolgardie, soon after the reported discovery of Bayleys. But this was then a famine-stricken place. The scarcity of water was the greatest grievance, while provisions were retailed at exorbitant prices. Such distressing occurrences influenced him to again leave the colony, and he did not return till 1893, when his appearance on the fields was simultaneous with the discovery of Hannan's. He quickly acquired interests in the Crœsus, Young Mount Morgan, Mount Morgan Extended, Crœsus North, and Hannan's Golden Dyke, which realised for him a nice round sum—a multiplication of the original sum invested. About the end of 1893 he set out on a long prospecting tour to Mount Magnet, and worked alluvial gold with a fair measure of success. In 1894 he provided himself with camels, and crossed over the Menzies fields and town (which were then unknown), and Niagara to Mount Malcolm. There he and his party pegged out leases.

Having made a successful tour, he returned to Coolgardie; but, seemingly possessed of indefatigable energy, he again pushed his way into sandy deserts with the true iron spirit of a pioneer. In the Norseman district he pegged out several valuable leases, but insufficient capital to work them rendered them valueless, and he forfeited them. But it turned out to be at once a loss and a gain; and his experience became a potent instrument for subsequent success. His reports were underlined as the impartial narrative of one who saw and knew what he saw. With full confidence in his scientific ability, Mr. E. Kuhnmunich, M.E, appointed him his buyer. Entrusted with such a responsible office, he called into play all the mental elements that go to form the synthetic state of correct judgment, and several valuable properties were acquired for his principal. Among many, the Pride of the Hill, Slug Hill, and Paris Gift are he most notable of these mines.

The tide of success had flown in rapidly after his Norseman tour, and he took a quiet trip to England to extend his sphere of influence. In London he interested himself in the formation of

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Rh through them every time they touched his body. They were now over the fearsome island, flying so low that sometimes a tree grazed their feet. Nothing horrid was visible in the air, yet their progress had become slow and laboured, exactly as if they were pushing their way through hostile forces. Sometimes they hung in the air until Peter had beaten on it with his fists.

"They don't want us to land," he explained.

"Who are they?" Wendy whispered, shuddering.

But he could not or would not say. Tinker Bell had been asleep on his shoulder, but now he wakened her and sent her on in front.

Sometimes he poised himself in the air, listening intently, with his hand to his ear, and again he would stare down with eyes so bright that they seemed to bore two holes to earth. Having done these things, he went on again.

His courage was almost appalling. "Would you like an adventure now," he said casually to John, "or would you like to have your tea first?"

Wendy said "tea first" quickly, and Michael pressed her hand in gratitude, but the braver John hesitated.

"What kind of adventure?" he asked cautiously.

"There's a pirate asleep in the pampas just beneath us," Peter told him. "If you like, we'll go down and kill him." Rh

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Rh "I don't see him," John said after a long pause.

"I do."

"Suppose," John said, a little huskily, "he were to wake up."

Peter spoke indignantly. "You don't think I would kill him while he was sleeping! I would wake him first, and then kill him. That's the way I always do."

"I say! Do you kill many?"

"Tons."

John said "how ripping," but decided to have tea first. He asked if there were many pirates on the island just now, and Peter said he had never known so many.

"Who is captain now?"

"Hook," answered Peter, and his face became very stern as he said that hated word.

"Jas. Hook?"

"Ay."

Then indeed Michael began to cry, and even John could speak in gulps only, for they knew Hook's reputation.

"He was Blackbeard's bo'sun," John whispered huskily. "He is the worst of them all. He is the only man of whom Barbecue was afraid."

"That's him," said Peter.

"What is he like? Is he big?"

"He is not so big as he was."

"How do you mean?" Rh

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Rh "I cut off a bit of him."

"You!"

"Yes, me," said Peter sharply.

"I wasn't meaning to be disrespectful."

"Oh, all right."

"But, I say, what bit?"

"His right hand."

"Then he can't fight now?"

"Oh, can't he just!"

"Left-hander?"

"He has an iron hook instead of a right hand, and he claws with it."

"Claws!"

"I say, John," said Peter.

"Yes."

"Say, 'Ay, ay, sir.'"

"Ay, ay, sir."

"There is one thing," Peter continued, "that every boy who serves under me has to promise, and so must you."

John paled.

"It is this, if we meet Hook in open fight, you must leave him to me."

"I promise," John said loyally.

For the moment they were feeling less eerie, because Tink was flying with them, and in her light they could distinguish each other. Unfortunately she could not fly so slowly as they, and so she had to go round and round them in a circle in which Rh

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Rh they moved as in a halo. Wendy quite liked it, until Peter pointed out the drawback.

"She tells me," he said, "that the pirates sighted us before the darkness came, and got Long Tom out."

"The big gun?"

"Yes. And of course they must see her light, and if they guess we are near it they are sure to let fly."

"Wendy!"

"John!"

"Michael!"

"Tell her to go away at once, Peter," the three cried simultaneously, but he refused.

"She thinks we have lost the way," he replied stiffly, "and she is rather frightened. You don't think I would send her away all by herself when she is frightened!"

For a moment the circle of light was broken, and something gave Peter a loving little pinch.

"Then tell her," Wendy begged, "to put out her light."

"She can't put it out. That is about the only thing fairies can't do. It just goes out of itself when she falls asleep, same as the stars."

"Then tell her to sleep at once," John almost ordered.

"She can't sleep except when she's sleepy. It's the only other thing fairies can't do." Rh

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Rh "Seems to me," growled John, "these are the only two things worth doing."

Here he got a pinch, but not a loving one.

"If only one of us had a pocket," Peter said, "we could carry her in it." However, they had set off in such a hurry that there was not a pocket between the four of them.

He had a happy idea. John's hat!

Tink agreed to travel by hat if it was carried in the hand. John carried it, though she had hoped to be carried by Peter. Presently Wendy took the hat, because John said it struck against his knee as he flew; and this, as we shall see, led to mischief, for Tinker Bell hated to be under an obligation to Wendy.

In the black topper the light was completely hidden, and they flew on in silence. It was the stillest silence they had ever known, broken once by a distant lapping, which Peter explained was the wild beasts drinking at the ford, and again by a rasping sound that might have been the branches of trees rubbing together, but he said it was the redskins sharpening their knives.

Even these noises ceased. To Michael the loneliness was dreadful. "If only something would make a sound!" he cried.

As if in answer to his request, the air was rent by the most tremendous crash he had ever heard. The pirates had fired Long Tom at them. Rh

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 the Mannheim Exploration Company. After flotation he was appointed representative and attorney in Western Australia, and began his return voyage to the colony. But, instead of sailing direct he paid a visit to his home in Germany, and took his mining degree in Freiberg. This degree, he considered, would give him a greater locus standi among his confrères. The first transaction into which he entered for his new company was the purchase of the Lady Charlotte Mine. The purchase was effected in conjunction with the New Zealand Mines Trust, for which Dr. Scheidel is representative. The main object of his company is to take options of properties. Mr. Mannheim has travelled extensively on the goldfields. Every small acre seems familiar to him after his repeated visits, and one can imagine his feelings as he sees the leases which he pegged out between the Great Boulder and Brown Hill, and which he was forced to forfeit, now being floated for hundreds of thousands of pounds. But despite the chagrin that naturally follows such an unwelcome incident, he has good reason to be proud of his flotations, and this happy knowledge of achievement more than counterbalances his former negative feelings. In Adelaide he floated the Crœsus Mine for £52,000, and the conjoint mines of Young Mount Morgan and Mount Morgan Extended were floated in London for £150,000. In the latter place, also, he disposed of the Hannan's Golden Dyke for £15,000, which not long afterwards was floated for £80,000. Mr. Mannheim's sympathies are all showered on Coolgardie. He evinces the warmest interest in every matter pertaining to the welfare of its citizens, and he zealously assists in the promotion of utilitarian schemes.

ROBERT LEES HAIR.

IVE me knowledge of a man's character and circumstances, "John Stuart Mill exclaimed, "and I will predict his future, and the correctness of my prediction will be in proportion to my knowledge of these components." Such an assertion, denying the existence of free will, would, if practicable and reliable, entirely abolish the narration of past events, and substitute for it a narrative of future and future perfect events. The history of nations and individuals would merely become a corroborative and reference manuscript. But such disaster is not likely to overtake us on this side of the millennium. No doubt there are men—and this is no mere hypothesis—possessing rare determination, and teeming with vigour and energy, for whom we can safely predict, or at least augur, a bright future. If a man has the essential qualifications, he can outdistance others in the race for position. Mr. Robert Lees Hair, when he came to the colony, agreed with multiple writers that "hard work" is the summum bonum of philosophy and success. He had a hard task before him, but to counterbalance its depressing influence, he possessed a will capable of overcoming every obstacle. He was born in Gippsland, Victoria, in 1860. His father was for many years a farmer in the Alberton district, where the young Robert received careful training under a private tutor. At the age of nineteen years he prepared to enter business life. Going to Melbourne, he connected himself with the well-known firm of Robertson and Moffat in that city. For three years he performed the unwelcome role of commercial traveller for the firm, and, after considerable business experience reaped during that valuable period, he embarked on a little enterprise of his own. It is, perhaps, one of the proudest moments of a man's life when, after serving another, he feels himself the untrammelled, supreme captain of his own affairs. When a land boom forces itself in any city, a natural infection leads every business man to set up an agency. The very atmosphere smells of land, and the competition and mad excitement of buying and selling makes the purse of the land agent swell out to bursting point. This was the state of affairs in Melbourne when Mr. Hair set up a business as land and estate agent. His success made him feel proud of his first endeavour, and he averted any calamity which a severe re-action might cause in land prices. In June of 1893 he sailed for Western Australia in the S.S. Bullarra. On his arrival he set out on what was then the tedious journey of getting to Coolgardie. Many a story and witty anecdote has been told of travellers who sought to enliven dreary moments by humorous mirth. Mr. Hair found on his way to Coolgardie a few others bent on attaining the same spot, and he availed himself of their comradeship. On the 21st July, 1893, he reached his destination. He remained in Coolgardie for a breathing space, and made for Kalgoorlie, arriving there on the 22nd July. That thriving centre was known as Hannan's, and had not received the

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Rh sometimes given such varying designations as "skeptic," "mystic," or "fideist"; that, moreover, his religious feeling is called by some the expression of diseased hallucinations, by others visions of a seer into the other world.

The underlying idea of the fragmentary "Thoughts" is the despair of man, his weakness and powerlessness. But there remains something in man’s own nature which protests against this despair. We have certainty that all is not as bad as it seems. Let us accept the truths of the Christian religion and we have then have the consolation that our suffering is not without cause, that we are expiating the original and primitive sin of mankind. This will at least make us understand our condition. Thus we shall, in a way, be proving Christianity and even God himself, beginning with man.

The fragmentary state of the "Thoughts" makes it impossible, however, for the reader to work out the stages of this argument. He will find it more profitable to take them as they stand, and he will then be fully satisfied by words of imagination and of true poetry. The language is permeated with lyrical inspiration: the poet is a thinker who sees the abysses of immensity, spatial and temporal, the infinitely vast and the infinitely small. He brings back from the contemplation of them a feeling of terror and yet of self-confidence. For though man be a prey to brutal outer nature, though he may be but a frail reed beaten before the blast, yet he feels that one thing lifts him above it all, the consciousness that he is a thinking reed. The work is full of the vagueness of love for the divine; consequently, in spite of Pascal's mathematical brain, it is no geometrical proof for the persuasion of reason, but rather a way to take hold of the feeling. Pascal is the intuitionalist of French classicism as Descartes, his philosophical rival, is its great rationalist.

The influence of Pascal upon French thought has been tremendous. In his own day he helped to free French prose and its content from the stilted rhetoric of certain self-conscious Latinists like Guez de Balzac. He helped some of the men of letters of his age to acquire a new gentleness of feeling without the sacrifice of stoical self-control. He familiarized writers who were taken up by considerations of a


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 baptismal name of Kalgoorlie. He found it a place in name only, for as yet there were only three working leases—Cassidy's Hill, Maritana, and Hannan's Reward. Few prospectors awoke the deathlike universal silence by the click and clatter of their trusty picks and shovels, and though the quartz for miles around was thickly studded with burnished gold, there were few hunters to seize the prizes. With difficulty Mr. Hair succeeded in organising a prospecting party, which equally divided its labours—a party of two, comprising Mr. Hair, going in search of reefs, and the remaining two going in search of alluvial gold. The profits and surplus earnings and gleanings of the latter were but sufficient to compensate for the losses and ill-starred luck of the former. The difference was great enough, however, to enable them to buy a further store of provisions. Again they set to work, and in a month's time they pegged out the Black Crow Claim, which was re-named the Star of the East, and sold to an English company. A great water famine overtook them, and Mr. Hair's chicken-hearted comrades, for weal or woe, abandoned him just at a time when their company was most necessary. Undaunted by their defection, he, with all the vigour that his body could furnish, wrought his leases. He never relinquished his hopes, nor let his courage die, and his joy after suffering was great when an abundant supply of water came to cool what had become a feverish and thirsty tongue.

With renewed energy, after trying experiences, he joined Mr. Harry Buchanan, and went out again to seek and find. The result of their combined prospecting efforts was the opening up of the Six-Mile, and a number of rich alluvial fields. These latter were as rich as anything in Hannan's, and more than once was it their happy lot to stoop down and pick up from the surface large teeth-watering nuggets of twenty-five ounces weight. Mr. Hair successfully worked the alluvial claims, and took out a lease for the Morning Star Mine, which for the present, however, did not engage his active attentions. This undeveloped mine the two gentlemen disposed of in three months time to an English company for £3,000. Mr. Hair's career on the goldfields had been one continual series of hard, enterprising endeavours. He now considered that the adoption of a different department of commercial life would be a judicious departure, and a welcome respite. Acting on such reflections, he started business in Hannan's as an auctioneer, and conducted several important Government sales of land blocks, which realised £36,000. When speculation became more general, he went in for stock and sharebroking, and in partnership with Mr. George Macleod Matheson, he initiated a large stockbroking business in Kalgoorlie. These gentlemen were the promoters of the Kalgoorlie Stock Exchange and Mr. Matheson was elected its first chairman. On his demise the vacant chairmanship fell to the lot of Mr. Hair. He has since successfully filled that post, and carried out the many responsible duties attached to it.

He acted as chairman of the Kalgoorlie Railway Opening Committee. In this capacity he was warmly thanked for his sound methodical advice and practical assistance. His love for sports rises to enthusiasm. He is vice-president of the Kalgoorlie Racing Club and the Kalgoorlie Athletic Club, and is associated with many others. Mr. Hair is a member of the Hannan's Club, and was one of its promoters. This club is social in character, and is of indispensable use to its many members.

Bound closely to the interests of Kalgoorlie, Mr. Hair is applying his energies and shrewdness to the good of the centre. Genial and businesslike, he is at once one of the best known and best liked men on the fields. He is a leader in mining affairs.

JOHN HOWARD TAYLOR, M.L.C.

HEN the gold era of Western Australia was inaugurated in the eighties, men from various shores came thronging in to develop her promising resources. The spectacle of their subsequent work was stirringly impressive. There, over far distant deserts, where had reigned the sombre silence and death-like hush of centuries, where far in the shimmering, heated horizon was one unchanging stretch of desolate waste, slumbering idly beneath a torrid sun, the hardy band of bold adventurers forced their way. With pick and spade, and joyous clatter, they made the earth disgorge her costly treasures. An astonished, half-credulous world read of the greatness of their finds, and the trumpet was sounded for the onward march.

Just as in the construction of some noble palace or piazza mind and body designed and executed, so here science, skill, and physical rigour did each their ample share. Prospectors and miners of muscular strength and inexhaustible energy went scouring for material, and quarried it, while talent drew out the plans, and designed the architecture.

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Rh The roar of it echoed through the mountains, and the echoes seemed to cry savagely, "Where are they, where are they, where are they?"

Thus sharply did the terrified three learn the difference between an island of make-believe and the same island come true.

When at last the heavens were steady again, John and Michael found themselves alone in the darkness. John was treading the air mechanically, and Michael without knowing how to float was floating.

"Are you shot?" John whispered tremulously.

"I haven't tried yet," Michael whispered back.

We know now that no one had been hit. Peter, however, had been carried by the wind of the shot far out to sea, while Wendy was blown upwards with no companion but Tinker Bell.

It would have been well for Wendy if at that moment she had dropped the hat.

I don't know whether the idea came suddenly to Tink, or whether she had planned it on the way, but she at once popped out of the hat and began to lure Wendy to her destruction.

Tink was not all bad: or, rather, she was all bad just now, but, on the other hand, sometimes she was all good. Fairies have to be one thing or the other, because being so small they unfortunately have room for one feeling only at a time. They are, however, allowed to change, only Rh

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Rh it must be a complete change. At present she was full of jealousy of Wendy. What she said in her lovely tinkle Wendy could not of course understand, and I believe some of it was bad words, but it sounded kind, and she flew back and forward, plainly meaning "Follow me, and all will be well."

What else could poor Wendy do? She called to Peter and John and Michael, and got only mocking echoes in reply. She did not yet know that Tink hated her with the fierce hatred of a very woman. And so, bewildered, and now staggering in her flight, she followed Tink to her doom. Rh

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 CHAPTER V

THE ISLAND COME TRUE

that Peter was on his way back, the Neverland had again woke into life. We ought to use the pluperfect and say wakened, but woke is better and was always used by Peter.

In his absence things are usually quiet on the island. The fairies take an hour longer in the morning, the beasts attend to their young, the redskins feed heavily for six days and nights, and when pirates and lost boys meet they merely bite their thumbs at each other. But with the coming of Peter, who hates lethargy, they are all under way again: if you put your ear to the ground now, you would hear the whole island seething with life.

On this evening the chief forces of the island were disposed as follows. The lost boys were out looking for Peter, the pirates were out looking for the lost boys, the redskins were out looking for the pirates, and the beasts were out looking for the redskins. They were going round and round the Rh

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User talk:Kiwidebbie

— billinghurst  sDrewth  10:25, 1 January 2011 (UTC)

DNBer?
Thought that I would leave a special note, as we wouldn't want for you to miss the opportunity to join our magnificent project WikiProject DNB in its quest to transcribe all of the DNB. We have tried to tie together our learnings, shortcuts, and other information about what we are doing with the work, and try to be helpful and welcoming to all. Also see following a little bit of autotext ...

The mysterious Header toggle button
When proofreading in the Page: namespace and one has their toolbar turned on [ Gadgets, one will see the button button_category_plus.png, and clicking it toggles the header/footer on and off. In this space we put the relevant components for top and bottoms of pages by use of the template RunningHeader, so for example produces I personally have my header/footer set to open in the Page: namespace and I achieved this by activating that option in my Gadgets. — billinghurst  sDrewth  10:25, 1 January 2011 (UTC)

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Rh island, but they did not meet because all were going at the same rate.

All wanted blood except the boys, who liked it as a rule, but to-night were out to greet their captain. The boys on the island vary, of course, in numbers, according as they get killed and so on; and when they seem to be growing up, which is against the rules, Peter thins them out; but at this time there were six of them, counting the twins as two. Let us pretend to lie here among the sugarcane and watch them as they steal by in single file, each with his hand on his dagger.

They are forbidden by Peter to look in the least like him, and they wear the skins of bears slain by themselves, in which they are so round and furry that when they fall they roll. They have therefore become very sure-footed.

The first to pass is Tootles, not the least brave but the most unfortunate of all that gallant band. He had been in fewer adventures than any of them, because the big things constantly happened just when he had stepped round the corner; all would be quiet, he would take the opportunity of going off to gather a few sticks for firewood, and then when he returned the others would be sweeping up the blood. This ill-luck had given a gentle melancholy to his countenance, but instead of souring his nature had sweetened it, so that he was quite the humblest of the boys. Poor kind Rh

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User:Wōdenhelm

Hit me up here.

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Rh Tootles, there is danger in the air for you to-night. Take care lest an adventure is now offered you, which, if accepted, will plunge you in deepest woe. Tootles, the fairy Tink who is bent on mischief this night is looking for a tool, and she thinks you the most easily tricked of the boys. 'Ware Tinker Bell.

Would that he could hear us, but we are not really on the island, and he passes by, biting his knuckles.

Next comes Nibs, the gay and debonair, followed by Slightly, who cuts whistles out of the trees and dances ecstatically to his own tunes. Slightly is the most conceited of the boys. He thinks he remembers the days before he was lost, with their manners and customs, and this has given his nose an offensive tilt. Curly is fourth; he is a pickle, and so often has he had to deliver up his person when Peter said sternly, "Stand forth the one who did this thing," that now at the command he stands forth automatically whether he has done it or no. Last come the Twins, who cannot be described because we should be sure to be describing the wrong one. Peter never quite knew what twins were, and his band were not allowed to know anything he did not know, so these two were always vague about themselves, and did their best to give satisfaction by keeping close together in an apologetic sort of way. Rh

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 indigenous botanic drugs and work up into finished products its crude chemical resources.

Each country has problems of its own as relates to the collection, cultivation, and pharmaceutical manipulation of its botanic crudes. In the United States the high labor costs militate against competition with countries producing crude botanic remedies on a basis of cheap labor. The logical solution of this difficulty is that of skilled propagation, in which strains of medicinal plants will be developed of high proximate principle content and easy extraction. These will crowd out of the better markets the rather indifferent quality of crude medicinal plants commonly imported. When this much-to- be-desired consummation is realized, botanic drugs will come into their own again.

The growing use of alkaloids and other proximates calls for an increased production, and it is probable that chemical houses will be able to use, in alkaloid production, and profitably therein, the ordinary grades of plant crudes, leaving the better grades for the making of tinctures and extracts. This will make a stable market and encourage production on a large scale.

As between the empiricism of much which passes muster as "clinical experience," and the dogmatism of the more militant school of laboratory pharmacologists, much untilled ground lies in the field of botanic remedial agents. This book will make an effort to till that ground, so far as one book may. Avoiding the encyclopedic generalizations illustrated in the multi-remedy plan of China on one hand, and the paucity of resource of the Massachusetts General Hospital on the other hand, the


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 effort will be made to present herein a careful record of data upon such botanic drugs as seem to hold a respected and warranted place in medical literature. The large number of botanic drugs recognized in the pharmacopeias of the leading nations testifies to the importance of this class of remedial agencies in medical practice. Therefore, the list of such plant remedies discussed herein will not be pedantically limited.

Frankly favoring the development of our own American drug industries, indigenous American plant remedies will be quite generally noticed, even though it must be conceded that many of them are of but minor importance, so far as we know at present. Some gentlemen may consider it as detracting from the scientific value of a medical work to enter into a discussion of minor drugs, and from a certain point of view such a criticism is justified; but, and the author realizes the fact most acutely, it is quite impossible, in our present state of knowledge, to prepare a truly scientific text upon the subject matter here undertaken. Hence, this book pretends to nothing more than what it actually is, and does not pose in the light of the scientific exactitude illumining a modern text book upon bacteriology or operating-room technic, nor can it do so.

Nevertheless it is not markedly to our credit that the botanic remedies, the ones longest known, some of them for thirty centuries, are the class least understood in the whole range of curative resource. So, then, a book upon this subject must, of necessity, be marked by numerous inconclusive passages and but semi-scientific divisions.


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Rh The boys vanish in the gloom, and after a pause, but not a long pause, for things go briskly on the island, come the pirates on their track. We hear them before they are seen, and it is always the same dreadful song:

A more villainous-looking lot never hung in a row on Execution dock. Here, a little in advance, ever and again with his head to the ground listening, his great arms bare, pieces of eight in his ears as ornaments, is the handsome Italian Cecco, who cut his name in letters of blood on the back of the governor of the prison at Gao. That gigantic black behind him has had many names since he dropped the one with which dusky mothers still terrify their children on the banks of the Guadjomo. Here is Bill Jukes, every inch of him tattooed, the same Bill Jukes who got six dozen on the Walrus from Flint before he would drop the bag of moidores; and Cookson, said to be Black Murphy's brother (but this was never proved), and Gentleman Starkey, once an usher in a public school and still dainty in his ways of killing; and Skylights (Morgan's Skylights); and the Irish bo'sun Smee, an oddly genial man who stabbed, so Rh

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 As a medical practitioner of nearly thirty years' experience, it is but natural that the author should stress the evidence derived from the clinical side. Yet notwithstanding this bent of the clinician, one in active practice meets with so many disappointments from drugs in his management of cases of illness, that he comes to welcome—and hope for— something definite in drug action something empiric experience fails in giving and that laboratory research alone can supply.

Yet it must be admitted that, as regards the botanic drugs, there is no considerable volume of laboratory research recorded. Only a few botanic remedies have had adequate pharmacologic study, and even some of this research remains inconclusive or but partially worked out. So far as may be, the discussion of remedies in this volume will be upon a scientific basis. Wherein such data is not available, the author will call upon clinical literature and his own experience and observation, frankly conceding the errancy liable to mar such methods of conclusion.

Believing that the proponents of a drug usually overstate the case, and that a multitude of claims regarding its efficacy gradually grow like barnacles upon its literature, this book will present only sifted conclusions. There has been a wonderful accumulation of therapeutic junk carried from one book upon materia medica into another one, and so on from book to book. With the best of intention to avoid this irrational method of literary composition, this book will still pass along some of that sort of thing; but, let us hope, a minimum of it.

No theories, systems or preconceived schemes


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Rh to speak, without offence, and was the only Nonconformist in Hook's crew; and Noodler, whose hands were fixed on backwards; and Robt. Mullins and Alf Mason and many another ruffian long known and feared on the Spanish Main.

In the midst of them, the blackest and largest jewel in that dark setting, reclined James Hook, or as he wrote himself, Jas. Hook, of whom it is said he was the only man that the Sea-Cook feared. He lay at his ease in a rough chariot drawn and propelled by his men, and instead of a right hand he had the iron hook with which ever and anon he encouraged them to increase their pace. As dogs this terrible man treated and addressed them, and as dogs they obeyed him. In person he was cadaverous and blackavized, and his hair was dressed in long curls, which at a little distance looked like black candles, and gave a singularly threatening expression to his handsome countenance. His eyes were of the blue of the forget-me-not, and of a profound melancholy, save when he was plunging his hook into you, at which time two red spots appeared in them and lit them up horribly. In manner, something of the grand seigneur still clung to him, so that he even ripped you up with an air, and I have been told that he was a raconteur of repute. He was never more sinister than when he was most polite, which is probably the truest test of breeding; and the Rh

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 of therapy or dosage will find place herein; but the effort to be fair to all and to preserve a judicial balance will be consistently maintained.

Having previously written two works upon materia medica and therapeutics, the author does not exploit herein either a newborn or a shop-worn enthusiasm. Having very largely used the botanic remedies as discriminatingly as the exigencies of practice permitted, and noted some successes and many failures, he believes himself to be in position to record somewhat of the things the careful and modern practitioner wishes to know regarding the botanic drugs. If the reader but partially agrees with this "preliminary egotism," as a preface is well said to be, as well as with the main text of the work itself, the author will feel abundantly repaid.

Harrisburg, Pa., 1917.


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 Introduction

ISIS, the Queen and afterwards the Goddess, was called the "Mother of Medicine." Indeed, in ancient Egypt, eleven thousand years before Christ, both men and women were skilled in medicine: it was there botanic medication had its origin. Hippocrates, the "Father of Medicine," many centuries later, knew less of the remedial actions of vegetable drugs than did the women of the, to him, ancient times.

"Paracelsus states with regard to his famous writings that they were but the compilation of knowledge obtained from the 'Wise Women.' It may be noticed that it is the women and not the men of primitive races, as a rule, who are learned in the healing properties of plants. . . . From the earliest times, women acquired a knowledge of the human body, of science, of natural laws, and of the medicinal properties of herbs." 1

Hippocrates left no regular treatise on materia medica, but he made, as did also the Iliad and the Odyssee, frequent references to the work of Polydauma, Origenia, and Aspasia—Greek women who were learned in the making of soothing potions.

Theophrastus developed the botany of materia medica in a scientific manner; but Dioscorides was the first authoritative writer on the therapeutics of plant remedies. His books listed seven hun-

1 Maude Glasgow, in Medical Record, December 4, 1915.

13


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 dred of them, but in no classified form. His work stood for long, and the Greeks added but little to it; but the Arabians, more especially Ebn Baithar, added camphor, senna, nux vomica, and other drugs. Aëtius finally classified the materia medica.

The seventh century A. D. gave to medicine the works of Paulus Aegineta. 2 His writings are a wonderful record, commenting literally upon hundreds of botanic remedies, among which may be noted aconite, aloes, bryonia, belladonna, colchicum, cannabis, colocynth, elaterium, gentian, hyoscyamus, lactucarium, male fern, nux vomica, opium, pulsatilla, ricinus, rhubarb, squill, senna, triticum, thyme, valerian, and a host of familiar plants, as well as many long since forgotten ones.

But it is of passing interest to note that he described many again brought to notice in the centuries-later writings of Hahnemann, of Homeopathic fame, and of Scudder, the principal writer of the Eclectic School. Among these botanic drugs may be noted boletus, agnus castus, populus nigra, urtica dioica, sambucus, plantago, asclepias, carduus benedictus, helleborus niger, avena, gnaphalium, eupatorium, senecio, eryngium, bursa pastoris, iris, equisetum, juglans, cistus, corallium, allium, coniuin, corydalis, xanthium, oenanthe, polygonatum, rhus, achillea, solanum, symphytum, hypericum, chelidonium, berberis, anacardium, and a host of others. In fact, from Aegineta and the medieval European writers Hahnemann took the greater part of his remedies, accepting their nomenclature and much of their data.

2 "The Seven Books of Paulus Aegineta," translated into English by the Sydenham Society at the hand of Francis Adams, 1847.


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Template talk:Translations

Redundant to versions
I'm not sure that I see the value to this template unless it's going to link to other languages too, even then I'm not sure it adds value. versions does the same thing with respect to the text but is more broadly useful as it can work for texts originally in English as well; and normally we only care about the English translations anyway. Author information should probably be in author space. This seems like creating too many options, I just discovered this template and have worked with numerous translations. I don't see that it would add anything I don't already have. I recommend we merge it into versions.--Doug.(talk • contribs) 11:40, 1 January 2011 (UTC)

 * This is being discussed at Template talk:Versions, please comment there.--Doug.(talk • contribs) 09:54, 2 January 2011 (UTC)

Name collision - there is a separate template called Template:Translation
This template and Template:Translation are unrelated, yet have extremely similar names. I have suggested above (and am discussing on Template talk:Versions) the possible merger of this template with versions. At the same time I see this name collision as a serious issue needing this template to change names. I suggest that this template and Template:Translation both change to other names and both of these pages become dabs to those. If there is sufficient agreement to merge, then we could complete the merger and change the redirect here to a dab. If there is not, we still need to find a solution to the collision.--Doug.(talk • contribs) 09:51, 2 January 2011 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Translations


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Page:Alumni Oxoniensis (1715-1886) volume 4.djvu/88

 Smith, Edgar, 1s. Charles Felton, of Handley, Cheshire, cler. , matric. 31 May, 1860, aged 18; B.A. 1864, curate in charge All Saints, Highgate, 1870-4, vicar 1874.  Smith, Edgar Glennie, 2s. Charles Edgar, of Baddlesmere, Kent, cler. , matric. 24 Jan., 1850, aged 18; B.A. 1854, M.A. 1857.  Smith, Edmund, s. John, of Hanslope, Bucks, gent. , matric. 6 July, 1720, aged 16; B.A. 1724.  Smith, Edmund (M.A., Cambridge), s. Henry, of St. George's, London, arm. , incorp. 22 Nov., 1781, aged 34; D.C.L. 27 Nov., 1781, rector of Melcombe Horsey, and of Godmanstone, Dorset, 1781, until his death Nov., 1814, brother of Sir John Smith, D.C.L., 1780. See Foster's Baronetage.  Smith, Edmund, s. Edmund, of Hambledon, Hants, gent. , matric. 25 July, 1816, aged 16; demy 1816-21, B.A. 1820, died in July, 1821. See ''Coll. Reg.'', vii. 271.  [5] Smith, Edmund James, 5s. John, of Huddersfield, Yorks, gent. , matric. 9 June, 1842, aged 19; scholar 1842-53, B.A. 1847, M.A. 1849, fellow 1853-65, vicar of St. John's, Bury, 1858-84, rector of Tadmarton, Oxon, 1884, until his death July, 1886.  Smith, Edward, s. Edward, of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, London, gent. , matric. 12 Oct., 1728, aged 17; B.C.L. from 1735, D.C.L. 1740, rector of Harrietsham, Kent, 1743, until his death in 1773.  Smith, Edward, D.C.L. by diploma 17 May, 1737, possibly father of the last named.

Smith, Edward, s. Abraham, of Oxford (city), pleb. , matric. 3 Nov., 1778, aged 17; B.A. 1782.

Smith, Edward, s. James, of Dublin, Ireland, gent. , matric. 6 Feb., 1794, aged 22.
 [10]
Smith, Edward, 1s. Henry Bates, of St. Gregory's, London, gent. , matric. 18 March, 1830, aged 17; B.A. 1833, M.A. 1836, perp. curate Chesterton, co. Stafford, 1846-50, chaplain Partis' College, Bath, 1850, until his death 4 Dec., 1882.

Smith, Edward, 3s. Seth, of St. Marylebone, London, gent. , matric. 3 March, 1831, aged 25; B.A. 1837, held various incumbencies Sidney, New South Wales, 1838-81. See Crockford.

Smith, Edward, 1s. John Edward, of Newark-on-Trent, Notts, gent. , matric. 4 June, 1870, aged 18; B.A. 1874, M.A. 1878, has held various curacies since 1875.

Smith, Rev. Edward Brabant, 2s. John, of Islington, Middlesex, arm. , matric. 1 July, 1833, aged 18; Michel exhibitioner 1833-7, B.A. 1837, scholar 1837-9, fellow 1839-44, M.A. 1840, a student of Gray's Inn 13 Dec., 1833, died 5 Nov., 1844. See Robinson, 224.

Smith, Edward Braithwaite, 1s. Edward, of Ross, co. Hereford, gent. , matric. 10 June, 1847, aged 18; scholar 1847-53, B.A. 1851, M.A. 1855, vicar of Gwersyllt, co. Denbigh, 1872-8, rector of Llandrinio, co. Montgomery, 1878-81, vicar of Gresford, co. Denbigh, 1858-72.
 [15]
Smith, Edward Capel, 1s. Edward Braithwaite, of Thruxton, co. Hereford, cler. , matric. 29 Jan., 1877, aged 20; scholar 1876-9, B.A. 1881.

Smith, Edward Floyer Noel, 4s. Reginald Southwell, of Stafford, Dorset, cler. , matric. 18 Oct., 1869, aged 18; B.A. 1873, M.A. 1876, has held various curacies since 1873-88, minister of St. Mary's, Tottenham, 1888. See Foster's Baronetage.

Smith. Edward Frederick, 2s. Charles, of Wigginton, Yorks, arm. , matric. 16 Dec., 1828, aged 17; B.A. 1832.

Smith, Edward John, s. Thomas, of St. James's, Clerkenwell, Middlesex, gent. , matric. 7 July, 1810, aged 18; B.A. 1814, M.A. 1819, perp. curate Norwood, Middlesex, 1838. See Robinson, 177; & St. Paul's School Reg., 217.

Smith, Edward (Orlebar), s. Sawyer, of Rodmarton, co. Gloucester, cler. , matric. 13 Feb., 1765, aged 18; B.A. 1768, M.A. 1776, of Aspley House, Beds, rector of Hulcote, Beds, and of Bletchley, Bucks, died 27 April, 1819.
 [20]
Smith, Edward Orlebar, s. (Edward Orlebar), cler. , matric. 31 May, 1806, scholar 1806-18, B.A. 1810, M.A. 1814, fellow 1818-22, rector of Hulcote, Beds, 1819, until his death 24 June, 1865.

Smith, Edward Parris, 1s. Richard Henry, of Isle of Barbados, arm. , matric. 2 June, 1824, aged 20; B.A. 1828, M.A. 1840.

Smith, Rev. Edward Paske, 1s. Wemyss, of East Indies, arm. , matric. 1 Nov., 1873, aged 19; B.A. 1879, M.A. 1881.

Smith, Edward Thomas, 1s. Thomas, of Lambeth, Surrey, gent. , matric. 2 Nov., 1854, aged 18; B.A. 1858, bar.-at-law, Lincoln's Inn, 1862, a judge in Jamaica, died 26 Sep., 1882.

Smith, Ernald Mosley, 1s. George Robert, of London, arm. , matric. 27 May, 1858, aged 18; B.A. 1863, of Relugas, co. Moray, and of Selsdon, Surrey, died 8 Dec., 1872. See Foster's Peerage,.
 [25]
Smith, Rev. Ernest Albert, s. — S., of Sutton Coldfield, co. Warwick, —. , matric. 11 Dec., 1882, aged 19; B.A. 1885.

Smith, Ernest Manley, 3s. Charles Manley, of Hove, Sussex, arm. , matric. 13 Oct., 1877, aged 18; B.A. 1880, M.A. 1884, bar.-at-law, Inner Temple, 1883. See Foster's Men at the Bar.

Smith, Ferdinando Dudley Lea, 1s. Ferdinando D. L., of Halesowen, co. Worcester, arm. , matric. 3 June, 1852, aged 17; of Halesowen Grange, co. Worcester, J.P., D.L., high sheriff 1860, bar.-at-law, Inner Teinple, 1858. See Foster's Men at the Bar & Eton School Lists.

Smith, Fletcher Webb, 2s. Henry William, of Marylebone, Middlesex, gent. , matric. 28 May, 1841, aged 24; B.A. 1845, perp. curate Elson, Hants, at his death 22 Feb., 1847.

Smith, Francis, s. John, of East Harptree, Somerset, cler. , matric. 21 March, 1719-20, aged 20; B.A. 19 March, 1723-4.
 [30]
Smith, Francis, 5s. John Wyldebore, of Marylebone, baronet. , matric. 31 March, 1829, aged 18; B.A. from 1833, M.A. 1836, rector of Tarrant Rawston 1826, and of Tarrant Rushton 1842, until his death 29 Dec., 1851, brother of Henry Curtis. See Foster's Baronetage.

Smith, Francis Abel, 1s. Henry Abel, of Wilford, Notts, arm. , matric. 31 May, 1879, aged 18. See Foster's Peerage, ; & Eton School Lists.

Smith, Francis Edward James, 3s. John, of Monckton Farleigh, Wilts, arm. , matric. 14 Oct., 1882, aged 19; B.A. 1886.

Smith, Francis Raleigh, 3s. John, of Gibraltar, arm. , matric. 30 Jan., 1819, aged 18.

Smith, Francis Rawdon, 1s. John Peter George, of Liverpool, gent. , matric. 25 May, 1871. Sss Rugby School Reg.
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Smith, Rev. Frank, o.s. — S., of London, D.Med. , matric. 17 Oct., 1879, aged 20; B.A. from 1883, M.A. 1886.

Smith, Frederick. , 1842. See, page 1185.

Smithe, Frederick, M.A., Dublin, 1856 (B.A. 1853); adm. 'ad eundem' 28 Feb., 1856, vicar of Churchdown, co. Gloucester, 1858.
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 Smithe, William Arthur, o.s. William Henry, of Cheltenham, cler. , matric. 14 Oct., 1882, aged 18; B.A. 1885.  Smitheman, John, s. John, of Little Wenlock, Salop, arm. , matric. 30 April, 1751, aged 16; created M.A. 9 July, 1755.  Smithers, Rev. William Collier, s. Joseph, of Greenwich, Kent, gent. , matric. 23 June, 1813, aged 17; clerk 1815-8, kept a school at Greenwich, died 19 Feb., 1861. See Gent.'s Mag., 1861, i. 466.  Smithett, Richard Hudson, 1s. Richard Mainger, of Samston Grange, Isle of Thanet, arm. , matric. 21 Nov., 1855, aged 17; B.A. 1859, M.A. 1862, bar.-at-law, Inner Temple, 1865, died 23 Jan., 1888. See Foster's Men at the Bar.  Smithson, (Sir) Hugh (Bart.), s. Langdale, of ——, Yorkshire. , matric. 15 Oct., 1730, aged 15; 2nd Earl of Northumberland in 1750, M.P. Middlesex 1740-50, assumed the surname of in lieu of  by act of parliament 1750, K.G. 1756, P.C. 1762, created Earl Percy and Duke of Northumberland 22 Oct., 1766, master of the horse 1778-80, etc., died 6 June, 1786. See Foster's Peerage.  [5]

Smithson, Hugh Marshall, 3s. Robert, of Northampton (town), gent. , matric. 16 Nov., 1825, aged 17.  Smithson, James; matric. from 7 May, 1782, as, of London, arm., then aged 17, and was created M.A. 26 May, 1786, founder of the 'Smithsonian Institution' in the city of Washington, , assumed the surname of  in lieu of , and died at Genoa in 1826, his will, made in London 23 Oct., 1826, commences, 'I, James Smithson, son of Hugh, first Duke of Northumberland, and Elizabeth, heiress of the Hungerfords of Audley,' etc., etc. See Westminster Abbey Reg., 454.  Smithwhite, John, 1s. John, of South Shields, co. Durham, gent. , matric. 22 May, 1882, aged 42; a missionary in Madras, died 14 Feb., 1885. See Crockford.

Smithwick, (Rev.) William John, s. John, of Limerick (city), Ireland, gent. , matric. 14 June, 1814, aged 17, B.A. 1818, M.A. 1821; and of, Cambridge, 'ad eundem,' a student of Lincoln's Inn 1814.

Smurthwaite, George Frederick, 1s. George, of Richmond, Yorks, gent. , matric. Oct., 1868, aged 19; exhibitioner 1868-73, S.C.L. & B.A. 1872.
 [10]

Smyth, Alexander, 1s. John Alexander Thompson, of Edmonton, Middlesex, arm. , matric. 2 May, 1855, aged 19.

Smyth, Arthur, born at Limerick, s. Thomas, bishop of Limerick. B.A. from, Dublin, 1827; incorp. from 3 June, 1728. M.A. 1729, B. & D.D. 23 Jan., 1740-1, dean of Raphoe 1743-4, of Derry 1744, bishop of Clonfert 1752, of Down 1753, and of Meath 1765, archbishop of Dublin 1766, until his death 14 Dec., 1771. See Foster's Peerage, ; & Cotton, ii. 25.

Smyth, Charles, s. John, of Lawford, Essex, cler. , matric. 31 Oct. 1768, aged 16; B.A. 1772, M.A. 1775.

Smyth, Charles, s. Edward, of Dublin (city), cler. , matric. 17 Dec., 1808, aged 21; B.A. from 1814.

Smyth, Charles Bohun, s. Charles John, of Euston, juxta Thetford, Suffolk, cler. , matric. 6 Dec., 1810, aged 17; B.A. 1815, chorister 1802-8, vicar of Alfriston, Sussex, 1832. See Bloxam, i. 208; & Rugby School Reg., 101.
 [15]

Smyth, Charles Dawes, 4s. Edward, of Prestbury, Cheshire, arm. , matric. 8 April, 1840, aged 19; B.A. 1844, M.A. 1846.

Smyth, Charles John, s. Joseph, of Whittlebury, Northants, arm. , matric. 29 Sep., 1777, aged 17; B.A. 1781, fellow, M.A. 1786, rector of Great Fakenham, Suffolk, 1803, vicar of Calton, Norfolk, 1811, until his death 8 Jan., 1827, brother of Henry 1773.

Smyth, Christopher, s. Nic., of Stratford, co. Warwick, pleb. , matric. 11 Feb., 1715-6, aged 22.

Smyth, Christopher, 2s. Christopher, of All Saints, Northampton (town), arm. , matric. 16 April, 1790, aged 17; B.A. 1794, M.A. 1796, bar.-at-law, Lincoln's Inn, 1799, died 25 Feb., 1804.

Smyth, Christopher, 2s. William Tyler, of Northampton (town), arm. , matric. 9 June, 1831, aged 18; B.A. 1835, M.A. 1838, vicar (and patron) of Little Houghton, Northants, 1838, father of the next named.
 [20]

Smyth, Christopher, o.s. Christopher, of Little Houghton, Northants, cler. , matric. Oct., 1870, aged 19; B.A. 1874, M.A. 1879, bar.-at-law, Inner Temple, 1876. See Foster's Men at the Bar & Eton School Lists.

Smyth, Edmund, s. William, of Emberton, Bucks, cler. , matric. 15 March, 1743-4, aged 18; B.A. 9 Feb., 1747-8, M.A. 1750, of Annables, Herts, rector of Great Linford and Tyringham, Bucks, died in 1789.

Smyth, Edward Herbert Gott, 2s. Hugh Blagg, of Houghton Regis, Beds, cler. Keble Coll., matric. 30 Oct., 1880, aged 18.

Smyth, Francis, s. Barnabas, of Panton, co. Lincoln, cler. , matric. 14 Feb., 1726-7, aged 14.

Smyth, Francis George, s. Francis, of Isle of Jamaica, arm. , matric. 24 Nov., 1763, aged 18; father of the next named.
 [25]

Smyth, Francis George, s. Francis George, of Isle of Jamaica, gent. , matric. 5 Nov. 1788, aged 18.

Smyth, Frank Lea Stourbridge, o.s. Samuel Hodgson, of Sydney, Australia, ——. , matric. 11 Oct., 1872, aged 21; B.A. 1877, bar.-at-law, Inner Temple, 1877. See Foster's Men at the Bar.

Smyth, George, s. George, of North Nibley, co. Gloucester, arm. , matric. 19 July, 1729, aged 16; father of George 1756.

Smyth, George, s. George, of Kilpeck, co. Hereford, gent. , matric. 13 Dec., 1749, aged 16; B.A. 1753, M.A. 1757, proctor 1765.

Smyth, George, s. George, of Nibley, co. Gloucester, arm. , matric. 13 March, 1756, aged 18.
 [30]

Smyth, George, s. George, of Dublin, Ireland, arm. , matric. 2 May, 1772, aged 19; B.A. 15 March, 1773, a nephew of Arthur, archbishop of Dublin. See Foster's Peerage,.

Smyth, George Arthur, 2s. Edward, of Manchester, Lancashire, cler. , matric. 28 Nov., 1821, aged 18; B.A. 1825. See Manchester School Reg., iii. 72.

Smyth, Henry (B.A. not found), M.A. from St. John's Coll., 7 May, 1728 (Cat. Grads.).

Smyth, Henry, s. Joseph, of Whittlebury, Northants, gent. , matric. 27 Feb., 1770, aged 18; B.A. 1773, brother of Charles John.

Smyth, Henry, s. Edward, of Bray, co. Dublin, Ireland, arm. , matric. 25 May, 1805, aged 18; student 1805-15, B.A. 1809, M.A. 1812, bar.-at-law, Lincoln's Inn, 1818. See Alumni West., 462.
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 Sumner, George, B.A. Lincoln Coll., Oxon, a student of the Inner Temple 16 Jan., 1866 (then aged 27), called to the bar 17 Nov., 1868 (eldest son of Rev. James Sumner, of Shrigley, Cheshire); born, 1839; married 7 Aug., 1872, Mary Eleanor, eldest surviving dau. of late Joseph Brooke, of Bollington, Cheshire.
 * 11, Stonor Road, West Kensington, W.; 2, Stone Buildings, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.

Sumner, George Haywood Maunoir, B.A., Christ Church, Oxon, 1874, a student of Lincoln's Inn 6 April, 1876 (then aged 22), called to the bar 27 Jan., 1879 (only son of Rev. George Henry Sumner, M.A., hon. canon of Winchester, etc.); born 14 Oct., 1853; married 12 Sept., 1883, Agnes Mary, dau. of William Benson, Esq., of Langtons, Alresford, Hants (see Foster's Baronetage, ).
 * 14, Albert Place, Victoria Road, W.

Sumner, Robert George Moncreiff, M.A. Balliol Coll., Oxon, B.A. 1846, a student of the Inner Temple 18 April, 1848 (then aged 23), called to the bar 26 Jan., 1853 (youngest son of late Most Rev, John Bird Sumner, D.D., archbishop of Canterbury); born, 1825.
 * Care of Old Alresford Rectory, Alresford, Hants.

Surtees, Frederick Richard, arbitrator to commission for slave trade suppression Cape of Good Hope 1842–62, educated at Westminster (king's scholar), a student of the Inner Temple 10 Nov., 1835 (then aged 20), called to the bar 25 Jan., 1839 (2nd son of William Villiers Surtees, of Rotherfield, Sussex, and of the Inner Temple, bar.-at-law, dec.); born, 1815; married 3 Jan., 1843, Anne Jane, eldest dau. of Rev. and Hon. Charles Douglas, of Earl's Court, co. Tyrone; she died s.p. 10 Jan., 1868 (see Foster's Peerage, ).
 * Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope.

Surtees, John Oliver, a foundation scholar Charterhouse, a student of the Middle Temple 13 Jan., 1846, called to the bar 12 Jan., 1849 (4th son of William Villiers Surtees, Esq., of Rother House, Rotherfield, Sussex, dec.); born 20 May, 1823; married 16 Dec., 1861, Georgina, widow of William Renshaw Gibson, Esq., of Manchester.
 * 1, Bassett Road, Netting Hill, W.

Surtees, William Edward, D.C.L., Univ. Coll., Oxon, 1841, from Winchester Coll., high sheriff co. Durham 1866, J.P., D.L., J.P. Northumberland and Somerset, a student of Lincoln's Inn 20 May, 1833 (then aged 22), called to the bar 10 June, 1836 (only son of Edward Surtees, Esq., of Newcastle-upon-Tyne); born 1 April, 1811; married 10 May, 1853, Caroline, widow of Genl. Sir Stephen Remnant Chapman, K.C.H., C.B., dau. of Rev. George Pyke, of Baythorn Park, Essex.
 * Tainfield House, Taunton; Seaton Carew, West Hartlepool; Oxford and Cambridge Club.

Sutherland, David, practises before supreme court of Calcutta, author of Digest of Indian Law Reports, of Full Bench Rulings of the High Court 1862–4, of The Judgments of the Privy Council on Appeal from India 1831–77, etc., a student of the Middle Temple 26 Oct., 1867, called to the bar 17 Nov., 1870 (7th son of late Patrick Sutherland, of Scotland, late of uncovenanted service Indian government); born,.
 * Calcutta.

Sutherland, George Mowbray, a student of the Inner Temple 7 June, 1851 (then aged 24), called to the bar 17 Nov., 1854 (2nd surviving son of Alexander Roberts Sutherland, M.D.); born, 1827.
 * 117, Sloane Street, S.W.

Sutherland, Walter Charles Henry, practises before the High Court of Calcutta, a student of the Middle Temple 9 Jan., 1869, called to the bar 17 Nov., 1871 (2nd son of late James McGowan Sutherland, of Calcutta, gent.); born,.
 * Calcutta.

Sutherland, William Stewart, M.A. Christ Church, Oxon, B.A. 1856, a student of the Inner Temple 17 April, 1858 (then aged 24), called to the bar 11 June, 1862 (eldest son of John William Sutherland, Esq., of Coombe, Croydon, Surrey); born, 1834.
 * Coombe, near Croydon.

Sutherst, Thomas, undergraduate Pembroke Coll., Camb., a member of the North-eastern circuit, standing counsel to the Salvation Army, capt. 20th North York (Guisborough) rifle volunteers 1877–80, president and founder of the Shop Hours League, president of Metropolitan Temperance Open-air Mission, author of Death and Disease behind the Counter, etc., a student of the Inner Temple 25 April, 1874 (then aged 22), called to the bar 26 Jan., 1877 (eldest son of John Sutherst, of Guisborough, Yorks); born 16 Oct, 1852.
 * Guisborough, Yorkshire; 3, Dr. Johnson's Buildings, Temple, E.C.

Suttie, Robert Grant, B.A., Trin. Coll., Camb., 1864, J.P. Haddingtonshire, a member of the Midland circuit, a student of the Inner Temple 17 July, 1863 (then aged 21), callde to the bar 6 June, 1866 (4th son of Sir George Grant Suttie, Bart., of Balgone, Haddington, N.B.); born 18 Dec., 1841; married 2 Feb., 1884, Hon. Edith Mary Dawnay, younger dau. of William Henry, 7th Viscount Downe, and has issue (see Foster's Baronetage).
 * The Lodge, North Berwick.

Sutton, Edmund, B.A., Trin. Coll., Oxon, 1865, a member of the Northern circuit, a student of the Inner Temple 16 April, 1866 (then aged 23), called to the bar 7 June, 1869 (only son of Isaac Sutton, Esq., of Congleton, Cheshire); born 9 April, 1844; married 12 Sept., 1878, Susannah Plumridge, only dau. of Arthur Livermore, Esq., of New Hampshire, U.S.A., United States consulate Londonderry.
 * Dalton Chambers, John Dalton Street, Manchester.

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 Smyth, William Henry, M.A., Caius Coll., Camb., 1849, high steward of Louth, high sheriff of Lincolnshire 1882, J.P., D.L., J.P. Yorks North Riding, a student of the Inner Temple 22 Jan., 1846 (then aged 24), called to the bar 26 Jan., 1849 (eldest son of Rev. William Smyth, of Elkington, co. Linc.); born 21 March, 1821; married 10 April, 1849, Sarah Anne, dau. of late Rev. John Sargeaunt rector of Stanwick, and has issue.
 * Elkington Hall, Louth; Prince of Wales' Terrace, Scarborough.

Smythe, George Edward, B.A., Christ Church, Oxon, 1870, a member of the Midland circuit, a student of the Inner Temple 2 May, 1870 (then aged 23), called to the bar 27 Jan., 1873 (2nd son of late Rev. Patrick Murray Smythe, rector of Solihull, co. Warwick); born, 1847.
 * 4, Paper Buildings, Temple, E.C.

Smythe, William, M.A., Christ Church, Oxon, 1828, from Westminster School, convener of county of Perth, sometime secretary and member of Board of Supervision and chairman of royal commission on roads and bridges Scotland, a member of Faculty of Advocates Scotland 1836, a student of Lincoln's Inn 24 Nov., 1825 (then aged 21), called to the bar 27 Nov., 1829 (younger son of David Smythe, late of Methven, co. Perth, a judge of court of session); born 23 Jan., 1803; married 1st, 9 Aug., 1838, Margaret, eldest dau. of James Walker, Esq., of London, F.R.S.; she died 17 Dec., 1846; he married 2ndly, 20 Feb., 1849, Emily, dau. of late Genl. Sir John Oswald, G.C.B., of Dunnikier, co. Fife, and has issue.
 * Methven Castle, Perth, N.B.; Athenæum Club, S.W.

Smythies, John Kinnersley, B.A., Trin. Coll., Camb., 1834, from Rugby, recorder of Ludlow since Nov., 1880, a revising barrister on the Oxford circuit, a student of the Inner Temple 16 Nov., 1832 (then aged 23), called to the bar 10 June, 1836 (eldest son of Rev. John Robert Smythies, of Lynch Court, near Leominster, co. Hereford); born, 1808; married 1st, , 1836, Kezia, dau. of Thomas Brown, Esq.; she died, ; he married 2ndly, 26 Nov., 1868, Emily Mary, only dau. of Capt. Francis Stanfell, R.N.
 * The Tye, Great Bentley, Essex; 57, Belsize Park, N.W.; 5, Pump Court, Temple, E.C.

Smythies, William Gordon, author of Golden Leisure, a volume of poems, a member of the Western circuit, a student of the Middle Temple 9 Jan., 1873, called to the bar 17 Nov., 1875 (2nd son of Rev. William Yorick Smythies, of Hillside, Weeley, Essex); born 19 Feb., 1849; married 24 Feb., 1870, Charlotte Mary, youngest dau. of Rev. Thomas Keble, vicar of Bisley, co. Glouc., and niece of Rev. John Keble, author of The Christian Year.
 * 24, Brunswick Sq., W.C; 2, Middle Temple Lane, E.C.

Snagge, Thomas William, judge of county courts (circuit No. 12) since March, 1883, M.A., Trin. Coll., Dublin, 1863, B.A. (honours, gold medallist of Coll. Historical Society) 1858, admitted to United States bar 1875, junior counsel to Board of Trade 1880–3, commissioner under the Municipal Corporations Act 1882, member of council of the Corporation of Foreign Bondholders, added the final e to his name, a student of the Middle Temple 30 April, 1858, called to the bar 17 Nov., 1864 (only son of Thomas Samuel Snagg, of London, solicitor, and of Dublin, M.A.); born 3 Jan., 1837; married 10 April, 1866, Maria Frances, elder dau. of Edward John Morgan, Esq., of St. Petersburgh.
 * 14, Courtfield Gardens, South Kensington, S.W.; New Court, Temple, E.C.; Reform and Garrick Clubs.

Snape, Robert James, M.A., Christ's Coll., Camb., 1847, a student of the Inner Temple 16 April, 1840 (then aged 20), called to the bar 30 Jan., 1846 (3rd son of Rev. Richard Snape, rector of Brent Eleigh, Suffolk); born, 1820.
 * 2, Temple Gardens, E.C., or 2, Stone Buildings, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.

Snell, William Philip, M.A., Downing Coll., Camb., 1851, B.A. 1847, J.P. Hants, a student of the Inner Temple 29 April, 1851 (then aged 30), called to the bar 26 Jan., 1854 (eldest son of William Snell, Esq., of London); born 26 Aug., 1820; married 7 Dec., 1848, Rosa Jane, only surviving child of David Howard Morgan, Esq., of St. Mary Cray, Kent, and has issue.
 * Belmont, near Havant; Union Club, S.W.

Snow, Philip Chicheley Hyde, assistant magistrate and collector Bombay, a student of Lincoln's Inn 30 Oct., 1872 (then aged 18), called to the bar 26 Jan., 1876 (2nd son of Thomas Maitland Snow, of Cleve, Devon, banker); born, 1854.
 * Poona, Bombay; Franklyn, St. Thomas', Exeter.

Snow, Thomas, M.A. Exeter Coll., Oxon, joint author of The Annual Chancery Practice and of A Treatise on the Chancery Practice of County Palatine of Lancaster, a student of the Inner Temple 17 April, 1861 (then aged 24), called to the bar 17 Nov., 1865 (eldest son of Thomas Froston Snow, of Bristol, gent., dec.); born, 1837.
 * Equity Chambers, 9, Cook Street, Liverpool.

Snow, Thomas, B.A., New Coll., Oxon, 1876, a student of Lincoln's Inn 22 Nov., 1873 (then aged 21), called to the bar 15 May, 1878 (eldest son of Thomas Maitland Snow, of Cleve, Devon, banker); born, 1852.
 * Franklyn, St. Thomas', Exeter.

Soames, Stephen, M.A. Trin. Coll., Oxon, J.P. Herts and Northants, of the commission for the lieutenancy of the city of London, a student of Lincoln's Inn 5 June, 1848 (then aged 21), called to the bar 21 Nov., 1851 (2nd son of Charles Soames, Esq., of Wyddial, Herts); born 6 Aug., 1826; married 6 Aug., 1863, Julia Constance, dau. of William Bennett Martin, Esq., of Worsborough Hall, Yorks (see Foster's Yorkshire Collection).
 * Cranford Hall, Kettering; Junior Carlton Club.

Soden, Thomas Spooner, M.A. Exeter Coll., Oxon, B.A. 1860, a revising barrister on the Midland circuit, a student of the Middle Temple 19 April, 1859, called to the bar 11 June, 1862 (3rd son of John Smith Soden, of Bath, surgeon); born, ; married 22 April, 1873, Sarah Isabella Clavering, youngest dau. of Edward C. Beaton, M.D., of Surbiton.
 * 48, Ladbroke Grove, W.; 1, Hare Court, Temple, E.C.

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 Smith, (Hon.) William James, puisne judge Cyprus since 1882, M.A., LL.M., Trin. Hall, Camb., 1878, B.A. 1875, a student of the Inner Temple 16 Jan., 1872 (then aged 19), went to Lincoln's Inn 19 July, 1873, where he was called to the bar 7 June, 1875 (younger son of John H. Smith, of Handsworth, co. Stafford, stockbroker); born, 1853; married 24 Sept., 1878, Ella Rosa, only child of Major Edward Herman Marsh.
 * Cyprus.

Smith, William Pulteney, B.A., Univ. Coll., Oxon, 1877, goes the Western circuit, a student of Lincoln's Inn 28 Jan., 1876 (then aged 20), called to the bar 9 June, 1880 (2nd son of Frederick James Smith, of Weston-super-Mare, gent.); born 13 Aug., 1855.
 * Leeston, Weston-super-Mare; Oregon, United States America.

Smith, William Rose, B.A., Christ Church, Oxon, 1875, a member of the Oxford circuit, a student of the Inner Temple 24 April, 1874 (then aged 21), called to the bar 3 July, 1878 (eldest son of Rev. William Smith, of Greatham, Petersfield, Hants); born, 1853.
 * 3, Paper Buildings, Temple, E.C.

Smith, William Villeneuve, matric. London Univ. 1841, practises before the supreme court at Victoria, a student of the Middle Temple 18 Aug., 1859, called to the bar 11 June, 1862 (youngest son of late Francis Smith, Esq., of Richmond, Tasmania); born,.
 * Temple Court, Melbourne, Victoria.

Smith, William Walter, B.A., Trin. Coll., Camb., 1876, a member of the Northern circuit, a student of the Inner Temple 11 Jan., 1875 (then aged 21), called to the bar 17 Nov., 1877 (only son of William Smith, Esq., of Prestwich, co. Lanc.); born, 1854.
 * 108, Palace Chambers, Bridge Street, S.W.; 54, John Dalton Street Manchester.

Smithett, Richard Hudson, M.A. Wadham Coll., Oxon, 1st class law and history examiner 1859, a student of the Inner Temple 14 Nov., 1861 (then aged 23), called to the bar 1 May, 1865 (only son of late Richard Manger Smithett, Esq., of Margate); born 7 March, 1838.
 * Hengrove House, near Margate.

Smithson, Samuel Frederick, undergrad. Jesus Coll., Camb., practises before the supreme court of New Zealand, admitted a barrister and solicitor there Feb., 1883, a student of the Inner Temple 15 Nov., 1878 (then aged 20), called to the bar 26 Jan., 1882 (2nd son of late Samuel Smithson, of Lentran, co. Inverness); born, 1858.
 * Timaru, New Zealand.

Smyly, William Cecil, LL.B., Trin. Coll., Camb., 1863, a member of the Northern circuit, a student of the Inner Temple 29 May, 1861 (then aged 21), called to the bar 26 Jan., 1865 (3rd son of late John George Smyly, of Dublin, Q.C.); born 2 Jan., 1840; married 2 Jan., 1884, Alice Mary, only dau. of late Samuel William Brooks, Esq., of Watford.
 * 36, St. George's Square, S.W.; 3, Temple Gardens, E.C.

Smyth, Charles Alexander, Crown prosecutor Melbourne, Victoria, a student of Gray's Inn 2 June, 1856, called to the bar 30 April, 1859 (6th son of John Smyth, of Smythbrook, co. Longford, late lieut. 27th regt.); born,.
 * Melbourne, Victoria.

Smyth, Christopher, M.A. Trin. Coll., Oxon, from Eton, a member of the Midland circuit, J.P. Northants, capt. 3rd and 4th batt. the Northamptonshire regt. since 1881, a student of the Inner Temple 18 April, 1873 (then aged 21), called to the bar 26 Jan., 1876 (only son of Rev. Christopher Smyth, of Little Houghton, Northants); born, 1852.
 * Little Houghton Vicarage, Northampton; Junior Carlton Club.

Smyth, Francis Lea Stourbridge, B.A., Exeter Coll., Oxon, 1877, practises before the supreme court at Sydney, a student of the Inner Temple 31 March, 1873 (then aged 22), called to the bar 26 Jan., 1877 (only son of Samuel Hodgson Smyth, of Ashfield Park, Sydney, New South Wales); born, 1851; married 1 May, 1884, Alice Charlotte, youngest dau. of Frederick Underwood, Esq., of Manley, New South Wales.
 * Sydney, New South Wales.

Smyth, Henry, a student of the Middle Temple 21 Jan., 1832, called to the bar 29 Jan., 1836 (3rd son of Joseph Smyth, Esq., of Knockdromin, co. Dublin); born,.

Smyth, (Hon.) John Watt, a justice of the supreme court of the Punjab since 1880, acting judge thereof 1877–80, entered Bengal C.S. 1857, deputy commissioner of the districts of Amritsar and Lahore, additional commissioner of the Amritsar and Jullundur districts, and commissioner of the Lahore district, matric. at Queen's Coll., Belfast, a student of Lincoln's Inn 14 April, 1864 (then aged 27), certificate of honour 1st class May, 1871, called to the bar 17 Nov., 1871 (2nd son of John Smyth, of Larne, co. Antrim, merchant); born 1 March, 1836; married 14 Sept., 1871, Annabel Charlotte, 2nd dau. of Rev. and Hon. Henry O'Brien (see Foster's Peerage, ).
 * Lahore, Punjab, India; Duneira, Larne, co. Antrim; East India United Service Club, S.W.

Smyth, Thomas Watt, M.A. Queen's Coll., Belfast, commissioner of Amritsar, a student of Lincoln's Inn 12 April, 1870 (then aged 31), called to the bar 26 Jan., 1872 (3rd son of John Smyth, of Larne, co. Antrim, merchant); born, 1839; married 18 Oct., 1884, Amy Evans, youngest dau. of Major Henry William Massy, late of Grantstown, co. Tipperary.
 * Amritsar, Bengal.

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 G. WOODFALL,


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design of this Volume is to supply such information in this neglected portion of Irish History as will enable the profession, and the historical and antiquarian student, to ascertain with correctness the names of the Great Law Officers of Ireland, and the times in which they flourished. Whilst reference in Ecclesiastical History and in the Peerage, has been rendered easy and familiar by the numerous memoirs and statistical works which illustrate those departments it is, to say the least, singular, that no list of the Irish Judges has been published, and it certainly cannot be accounted for, on the ground that the power and influence exercised by them, and attached to their stations, were less felt and acknowledged by the various classes of society, or that the individuals who filled those offices and successively presided in the Irish Courts of Law, played no less important part in the general history of the country; although an attempt is made in the present work to remedy the deficiency, and give


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 lists of the Judges and Law Officers of the superior Courts, it is impossible in the limits of one volume to supply all the various information the subject would admit of.

The lists of appointments down to the accession of George the Third, have been selected from the repertory of Patentee Officers collected and arranged by Mr. Lodge, and first printed in the Liber Hiberniæ, but as no part of that work was ever published, they have remained almost unnoticed. The appointments from 1760 have been collected from the best and most authentic sources. These abstracts of patents contain the name of the individual appointed to the office; the succession, that is, in whose place or on what occasion the person was appointed; the date of the Sovereign's Letter or Privy Seal for the appointment; the date of the patent; the term for which the office was granted; the fee or salary annexed to the office, and some of the early patents contain entries of payments for offices previously filled by the individual; the year of the Sovereign's reign, and the roll or authority quoted for the appointment. The term of office was sometimes during life, sometimes during good behaviour, but oftener during the Sovereign's pleasure; in all cases the death of the Sovereign determined the commission. In the year 1782 this was altered by an act of the Irish parliament, which secured the independence of the Judges, and declared their commissions shall continue during good


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Author:Richard Kippist

Works

 * "On Jansonia. a new genus of Leguminosae from Western Australia" Trans. Linn. Soc., xx. 383.
 * "On Acradenia, a new genus of Diosmae," Trans. Linn. Soc. xxi. 207

Works about Kippist

 * Notices in Proc. Linn.Soc., 1880-2, p. 64, and
 * Nature, 19th January, 1882.
 * Maiden, J.H. (1909) Records of Western Australian Botanists. Journal of the West Australian Natural History Society. 2(6):5-33

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"But with regard to the material world, we can at least go so far as this—we can perceive that events are brought about not by insulated interpositions of Divine power, exerted in each particular case, but by the establishment of general laws."
 * Bridgewater Treatise.

"The only distinct meaning of the word 'natural' is stated, fixed or settled; since what is natural as much requires and presupposes an intelligent agent to render it so, i.e., to effect it continually or at stated times, as what is supernatural or miraculous does to effect it for once."
 * Analogy of Revealed Religion.

"To conclude, therefore, let no man out of a weak conceit of sobriety, or an ill-applied moderation, think or maintain, that a man can search too far or be too well studied in the book of God's word, or in the book of God's works; divinity or philosophy; but rather let men endeavour an endless progress or proficience in both."

 * Advancement of Learning.

Down, Beckenham, Kent First Edition, November 24th, 1859. Sixth Edition, Jan. 1872.

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 By the same Author.

GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON VOLCANIC ISLANDS.

GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON SOUTH AMERICA.

LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS.

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 behaviour, and notwithstanding the demise of the crown. Mr. Lodge only notices those appointments of which some roll or record existed; hence it was impossible to form a perfect series, from the destruction of many records; for instance, in the time of Cantoc, chancellor, all the records of Chancery down to the reign of Edward I., were destroyed by fire.

Numerous chasms and omissions will be observed in the succession of appointments; as far as the twenty-sixth year of Henry the Eighth, the series is frequently interrupted and broken; from that date the lists are carried down with tolerable regularity to the year 1644, from that to 1655 there is a chasm very obviously to be accounted for. Cromwell's rolls commence in 1655, from which time or from the Restoration the lists will be found regular.

Many of the patents are continuations, renewals, or amendments of former grants. The number of Judges in each Court was very uncertain. Edward II. being informed that there were more justices appointed than there ought to be in the King's Bench in Ireland, issued writs to discharge and remove all but three of the most sufficient of them, yet until the reign of Elizabeth two would appear to have been the usual number in the King's Bench and Exchequer.

The separation of the Common Pleas and Exchequer would appear not to have taken place at so early a period in Ireland as in England. In


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 Prynn's Collections writs are mentioned which were; issued to the sheriffs of the different counties concerning the jurisdiction and settling of the Court of Common Pleas in the sixth of Edward the Third, according to the great Charter and the Court of Common Fleas in England. In the reign of Elizabeth a third Judge was added in each court, and with very few exceptions continued by her successors. A fourth was appointed in 1784.

The Chronological Table gives the promotions, deaths and resignations from the time of Queen Elizabeth, with the dates of those changes; (a similar Table of the Law Officers of England was published some years since;) also lists of those in office on the accession of each Sovereign; the dates of the promotions are those in the patents. In some few instances where the patent was not finished, or where from some other cause the exact date of the patent could not be ascertained, that of the Royal Letter or Privy Seal is substituted.

In the Chronological Table and Index the computation has been adopted from the first year of the reigning King or Queen, and not from the first of January in each year; thus the reign of Queen Elizabeth began November 17, 1558, consequently every promotion or death which might have taken place before November 17, 1559, will be found under the first year, 1558; the same rule has been observed throughout.


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 The Diagram to front page 90, and to face the latter part of the Volume.

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 A list of those who had patents of precedence, together with Tables of Offices created at different periods, of the salaries in 1690 and at the present time, are subjoined.

In the Outline of the Legal History will be found a sketch of the state of the law and its administrators at different periods. The author, Mr. Duhigg, was for many years librarian to the King's Inns; it does not extend beyond the year 1806, and the correctness of the individual characters he has traced will be admitted by those really acquainted with the history of the country.

As a work of this nature will be chiefly useful for reference, the Indexes have been formed to facilitate that object; and it is hoped that in general, and in the most important parts, the work will be found correct.


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small corrections have been made in the last and present editions on various subjects, according as the evidence has become somewhat stronger or weaker. The more important corrections and some additions in the present volume are tabulated on the following page, for the convenience of those interested in the subject, and who possess the fifth edition. The second edition was little more than a reprint of the first. The third edition was largely corrected and added to, and the fourth and fifth still more largely. As copies of the present work will be sent abroad, it may be of use if I specify the state of the foreign editions. The third French and second German editions were from the third English, with some few of the additions given in the fourth edition. A new fourth French edition has been translated by Colonel Moulinié ; of which the first half is from the fifth English, and the latter half from the present edition. A third German edition, under the superintendence of Professor Victor Cams, was from the fourth English edition ; a fifth is now preparing by the same author from the present volume. The second American edition was from the English second, with a few of the additions given in the third; and a third American edition has been printed from the fifth English edition. The Italian is from the third, the Dutch and three Russian editions from the second English edition, and the Swedish from the fifth English edition.

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 {| border=1 align=center 100 158 220 225 230 231 233  234  248 248 255           268  270 307 319  326 377 402 440 463  505 516  518 520 521 541 547 552  568  572 68 101 142 145 149  150 151  153  162 163 168           214  215 240 248  252 284 301 328 343  373 382  384 385 387 401 405 409  421  424 On the convergence of specific forms. Account of the Ground-Woodpecker of La Plata modified. On the modification of the eye. Transitions through the acceleration or retardation of the period of reproduction. The account of the electric organ of fishes added to. Analogical resemblance between the eyes of Cephalopods and Vertebrates. Claparède on the analogical resemblance of the hair-claspers of the Acaridæ. The probable use of the rattle to the Rattle-snake. Helmholtz on the imperfection of the human eye. The first part of this new chapter consists of portions, in a much modified state, taken from chap. iv. of the former editions. The latter and larger part is new, and relates chiefly to the supposed incompetency of natural selection, to account for the incipient stages of useful structures. There is also a discussion on the causes which prevent in many cases the acquisition through natural selection of useful structures. Lastly, reasons are given for dis- believing in great and sudden modifications. Gradations of character, often accompanied by changes of function, are likewise here incidentally considered. The statement with respect to young cuckoos ejecting their foster-brothers confirmed. On the cuckoo-like habits of the Molothrus. On fertile hybrid moths. The discussion on the fertility of hybrids not having been ac- quired through natural selection condensed and modified. On the causes of sterility of hybrids, added to and corrected. Pyrgoma found in the chalk. Extinct forms serving to connect existing groups. On earth adhering to the feet of migratory birds. On the wide geographical range of a species of Galaxias, a fresh-water fish. Discussion on analogical resemblances, enlarged and modified. Homological structure of the feet of certain marsupial animals. On serial homologies, corrected. Mr. E. Ray Lankester on morphology. On the asexual reproduction of Chironomus.- On the origin of rudimentary parts, corrected. Recapitulation on the sterility of hybrids, corrected. Recapitulation on the absence of fossils beneath the Cam- brian system, corrected. Natural selection not the exclusive agency in the modi- fication of species, as always maintained in this work. The belief in the separate creation of species generally held by naturalists, until a recent period.
 * style="text-align:center"|Fifth Edition.||style="text-align:center"|Sixth Edition.||style="text-align:center"|Chief Additions and Corrections.
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 * valign=top| Influence of fortuitous destruction on natural selection.
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text: The Origin of Species (1872)/Additions

title: The Origin of Species (1872)/Additions


text:
Author talk:Constantine Joseph Smyth

Found snippet in "Alumni Dublinenses", seeking transcription
Google shows that a person of this name is noted in Alumni Dublinenses in 1831 and this would align with. c.1814, and which aligns with publishing in 1839. do you have access to HathiTrust to see if you can access p.764 (approx.) of the work for a transciption here? Thanks if anyone grab the paragraph. — billinghurst  sDrewth

 * Is the 1860 edition okay?

 * —Beleg Tâl (talk) 22:33, 7 October 2015 (UTC)

 * Admission record 4th from top p.1 p.2 — billinghurst  sDrewth  00:14, 8 October 2015 (UTC)

Probate (possible)
Constantine Joseph Smyth Ireland Calendar of Wills and Administrations Name	Constantine Joseph Smyth Event Type	Probate Event Date	1854 Event Place	Hong Kong China Beneficiary's Name	Maria Reilly
 * "Ireland Calendar of Wills and Administrations, 1858-1920," database with images, FamilySearch (accessed 7 October 2015), Calendar of Wills and Administrations > 1886-1887 > image 703 of 745; Principal Probate Registry, Dublin. > 1887, p. 663

"SMYTH Constantine Joseph [172] Effects £265 16s. 6 JuneLetters of Administration of the personal estate of Constantine Joseph Smyth formerly of 44 Lower Baggot-street Dublin and late of Hong Kong China B.L. who died in the year 1854 at Sea were granted at the Principal Registry to Maria Reilly of 16 Lower Dorset-street Dublin Spinster the First Cousin."

title: Author talk:Constantine Joseph Smyth


text:
Page:EB1911 - Volume 28.djvu/708

Rh WILLOCK (or ), JOHN (c. 1513-1585), Scottish reformer, was a native of Ayrshire and was educated at the university of Glasgow. After being a monk for a short time he embraced the reformed religion and went to London, where, about 1542, he became chaplain to Henry Grey, afterwards duke of Suffolk, the father of Lady Jane Grey. On the accession of Mary to the English throne in 1553 he went to Emden in Friesland, where he practised as a physician, varying this profession with visits to Scotland. He was associated with the leading Scottish reformers in their opposition to the queen regent, Mary of Lorraine, and the Roman Catholic religion, and in 1558 he returned definitely to his native land. Willock now began to preach and in 1559 was outlawed. Popular sympathy, however, rendered this sentence fruitless, and in the same year, being Knox's deputy as minister of St Giles' cathedral, Edinburgh, he frustrated the efforts of the regent to restore the Roman Catholic religion, and administered the communion for the first time in accordance with the ideas of the reformers. He was one of the four ministers chosen by the convention of October 1559 to seats on the council of government, and was one of those appointed to compile the first book of discipline. About 1562 he became rector of Loughborough in Leicestershire, but he retained his connexion with the Scottish church and was moderator of the general assembly in 1562, and again in 1564, in 1565 and in 1568. He died at Loughborough on the 4th of December 1585.  WILLOUGHBY, the name of an English family long settled in Nottinghamshire, and now represented by Baron Middleton. Having exchanged his name of Bugge for that of Willoughby, Richard de Willoughby became a judge during the reign of Edward II. and purchased the manors of Wollaton in Nottinghamshire and of Risley in Derbyshire. His son, Richard de Willoughby (d. 1362), was justice of the common pleas under Edward III. Richard's descendant, Dorothy, who became the heiress of the family estates, married Robert Willoughby of Bore Place, Kent, and their descendant, Sir Thomas Willoughby, Bart. (c. 1670-1729), of Wollaton, was created Baron Middleton in 1712. In 1877 his descendant, Digby Wentworth Bayard Willoughby (b. 1844), became the 9th baron. This title must be distinguished from that of Viscount Midleton, borne by the Brodrick family.

Sir Hugh Willoughby, the seaman, was a member of this family. He was a son of Sir Henry Willoughby (d. 1528), and a grandson of Sir Hugh Willoughby of Wollaton. His early services were as a soldier on the Scottish borders, but he soon turned his thoughts to the sea, and was appointed captain of a fleet of three ships which set out in 1553 with the object of discovering a north-eastern passage to Cathay and India. Two of the three ships reached the coast of Lapland, where it was proposed to winter, and here Willoughby and his companions died of cold and starvation soon after January 1554. A few years later their remains were found, and with them Willoughby's Journal, which is printed in vol. i. of R. Hakluyt's Principal Navigations.

Another famous member of this family was Sir Nesbit Josiah Willoughby (1777-1849), who entered the British navy in 1790 and was present at the battle of Copenhagen. In 1800, however, he was dismissed from the service by the sentence of a court-martial for his insolent conduct towards a superior officer, a previous offence of this kind having been punished less severely. In 1803, on the renewal of war, as a volunteer he joined an English squadron bound for the West Indies, and was soon admitted again to the navy; his courage and promptness at Cape Français were responsible for saving 900 lives, and he distinguished himself on other occasions, being soon restored to his former rank in the service. After further services in the West Indies, during which he displayed marked gallantry on several occasions, Willoughby was tried by court-martial at Cape Town in 1808 on charges of cruelty; he seems to have taken a great delight in inflicting punishment, but he was acquitted with the advice to be more moderate in future in his language. Again in the West Indies, where he commanded the Néréide

frigate, he was responsible for the heroic defence made by his ship against a much stronger French force at Port Louis, Mauritius, in August 1810, when 222 out of his crew of 281 men were disabled before he surrendered. Undeterred by the severe wounds which he had received, and seeing no prospect of active service with the British fleet, Willoughby offered his services in 1812 to the Russian government, and while serving with the Russian army he was captured by the French. He was taken to France, whence he escaped to England. Having seen a little more service in the navy, he was knighted in 1827, was made a rear-admiral in 1847, and died unmarried in London on the 19th of May 1849.  WILLOW (Salix), a very well-marked genus of plants constituting, with the poplar (Populus), the order Salicaceae. Willows are trees or shrubs, varying in stature from a few inches, like the small British S. herbacea and arctic species generally, to 100 ft., and occurring most abundantly in cold or temperate climates in both hemispheres, and generally in moist situations; a few species occur in the tropical and sub-tropical portions of the three great continents. Their leaves are deciduous, alternate, simple, and generally much longer than broad, whence the term willow-leaved has become proverbial. At their base they are provided with stipules, which are also modified to form the scales investing the winter buds. The flowers are borne in catkins (fig. 1), which are on one tree male (staminate) only, on another female (pistillate). Each male flower consists of a small scale or bract, in the axil of which are usually two, sometimes three, rarely five stamens, and still more rarely a larger number. In addition there is a small glandular disk, which assumes different shapes in different species. The female flowers are equally simple, consisting of a bract, from whose axil arises usually a very short stalk, surmounted by two carpels adherent one to the other for their whole length, except that the upper ends of the styles are separated into two stigmas. When ripe the two carpels separate in the form of two valves and liberate a large number of seeds, each provided at the base with a tuft of silky hairs, and containing a straight embryo without any investing albumen. The flowers appear generally before the leaves and are thus rendered more conspicuous, while passage of pollen by the wind is facilitated. Fertilization is effected by insects, especially by bees, which are directed in their search by the colour and fragrance of the

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Author:Constantine Joseph Smyth

Works

 * Chronicle of the law officers of Ireland (1839)

title: Author:Constantine Joseph Smyth


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