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 breed Emulation amongst Gentlemen and ill Will toward mee ' (p. 127).

 COLBATCH, JOHN (d. 1729), physician, a native of Worcester, where he practised for some years as an apothecary, was admitted a licentiate of the College of Physicians on 22 Dec. 1696, was knighted by George I on 5 June 1716, and died on 15 Jan. 1728-9. His books are ridiculed in Garth's 'Dispensary,' canto v. He published: His earlier tracts called forth 'Examination of John Colbatch, his books,' by Richard Boulton, 1699.
 * 1) 'The New Light of Chirurgery,' 1695, 12mo.
 * 2) 'Physico-Medical Essays,' 1696.
 * 3) 'Causes and Nature of Gout,' 1697.
 * 4) 'Extraordinary Cure of the Bite of a Viper by Acids,' 1698.
 * 5) 'Collection of Tracts,' including the foregoing, 1700, 1704.
 * 6) 'Further Considerations concerning Alkaly and Acid,' 1698.
 * 7) 'Scheme for Methods to be taken should it please God to visit us with the Plague,' 1721.
 * 8) 'Dissertation concerning Mistletoe, & remedy in Convulsive Distemper,' 3rd ed. 1723.
 * 9) 'Dr. Colbatch's Legacy, or the Family Physician,' 1733.

 COLBATCH, JOHN, D.D. (1664–1748), was admitted to St. Peter's, Westminster, as a scholar in 1680, and proceeded to Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1683. He became fellow of his college, proceeding B.A. 1686, MA. 1690, S.T.B. 1701, S.T.P. 1706. Upon first taking orders he was appointed chaplain to the British factory at Lisbon, where he remained some seven years, and wrote, at the request of Bishop Burnet, an 'Account of the State of Religion and Literature in Portugal,' for which he received promises of preferment from the bishop and from Queen Mary. He returned to England to prepare for Trinity College Gilbert Burnet, the bishop's eldest son, and in 1701, owing to the good offices of Bentley, was selected by the Duke of Somerset, chancellor of Cambridge University, as tutor to his eldest son, the Earl of Hertford. After two years at Cambridge Colbatch was persuaded by the duke to travel for two years more with his pupil on the continent, but at the end of the tour the duke suddenly quarrelled with him and dismissed him from his post, allowing him only his bare salary minus his personal expenses, and passing certain harsh reflections on his character. These reflections the duke was persuaded by Bentley to retract, but he refused any additional salary or the fulfilment of his promises of preferment. Burnet's patronage resulted only in a prebend's stall at Salisbury worth 20l. yearly, and Colbatch returned to Cambridge at the age of forty soured and disappointed. His university, however, elected him professor of casuistical divinity, and his lectures on moral philosophy brought him great reputation. Unfortunately his residence at Cambridge as fellow of Trinity involved him in the feud between the master and fellows of Trinity College. Colbatch at first was the chief counsellor of moderation, and published a pamphlet in defence of Bentley's contention that any B.D. or D.D. should, for college rooms or a college living, have priority of a master of arts. After the death of Bishop Moore (of Ely) in 1714 he felt it impossible to remain neutral in the quarrel, and his refusal in that year of Bentley's offer of the vice-mastership of the college began his long contest with the master. He took the lead of the fellows in the efforts made to cause Bishop Fleetwood, Moore's successor, to move against Bentley, and in 1716 came to an open rupture with the master, because he refused to accede to his claim to the vice-mastership. In 1720 there was another public quarrel between them, in which Colbatch had the best of it, and forced Bentley to agree to appointing him to the college living of Orwell, Cambridgeshire, which he held till his death. In 1720 also Bentley published a pamphlet violently abusing Colbatch, to whom he erroneously attributed Conyers Middleton's attack upon his proposals for a new edition of the Greek Testament. Colbatch endeavoured to get damages in the courts for this libel. In 1722 he issued a tract entitled 'Jus Academicum,' in which his irritation at the failure to bring Bentley to justice led him to use certain expressions questioning the authority of the court of king's bench over the university. For this Bentley brought an action. Unfortunately for Colbatch the judge imagined that certain thrusts intended for Bentley were aspersions upon the court of king's bench, and Colbatch, owing partly to his own want of tact at the trial in 1723, was fined 50l. and imprisoned for a week. In 1727 Bentley presented him with the old college clock for his church at Orwell, the one instance of kind feeling manifested during the quarrel. In 1729 Colbatch published, and in 1732 republished, a tract which finally was entitled 'A Defence of the Lord Bishop of Ely's Visitatorial Jurisdiction over Trinity College in general, and over the Master


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 thereof in particular.' In 1733 he wrote 'An Examination of the late Archdeacon Echard's Account of the Marriage Treaty between King Charles II and Queen Catharine, Infanta of Portugal,' defending Echard against Lord Lansdowne's criticisms. In 1738 he was prosecuted by Bentley as archdeacon of Ely because he refused certain fees due to the archdeacon at his visitation. The archdeacon had ceased to visit, but the fees nevertheless were usually paid. Colbatch was defeated in the courts, but showed the justice and reason of his course of action in a pamphlet entitled 'The Case of Proxies payable to Ecclesiastical Visitors.' He died on 11 Feb. 1748. He left 30l. a year to a charity school at Orwell, and was during his lifetime a considerable benefactor to the church.

 COLBORNE, JOHN, first  (1778–1863), general, only son of Samuel Colborne of Lyndhurst, Hampshire, was born there on 16 Feb. 1778. He entered the army as an ensign in the 20th regiment on 10 July 1794, and won every step of promotion without purchase. He was promoted lieutenant on 4 Sept. 1795, and captain-lieutenant on 11 Aug. 1799, in which year he was first engaged in war in the fruitless expedition to the Helder. In 1801 he accompanied his regiment to Egypt, where it particularly distinguished it self, and was promoted captain on 12 Jan. 1800 shortly before it sailed. From Egypt the 20th went to Malta, and then to Sicily, and Colborne particularly distinguished himself at Maida, and shortly afterwards Sir John Moore took notice of him, secured his promotion to the rank of major on 21 Jan. 1808, and made him his military secretary. He accompanied Sir John Moore to Sweden and to Portugal, and was by his side all through the retreat to Corunna, and when the general was dying he said to Colonel Paul Anderson, 'Anderson, remember you go to and —— and tell him it is my request, and that I request that he will give Major Colborne a lieutenant-colonelcy. He has been long with me, and I know him to be most worthy of it.' The general's dying request was of course granted, and Colborne was, on 2 Feb. 1809, gazetted to the lieutenant-colonelcy of the 5th garrison battalion, from which he exchanged to the 66th regiment on 2 Nov. 1809, and to the 52nd Oxfordshire light infantry on 18 July 1811. In 1809 Colborne proceeded to the Peninsula, and was at once sent by Lord Wellington on a mission to the Spanish general Venegas, whose utter defeat at Ofanahe witnessed and reported upon. He then joined the 66th, and was present at Busaco, and in the following year temporarily commanded a brigade of the second division as senior colonel at the battle of Albuera. Directly after that battle he assumed the command of the 52nd, one of the three famous regiments which formed the light brigade and the nucleus of the famous light division. He first took them into action in storming the fort of San Francisco, an outwork of Ciudad Rodrigo, where he was so severely wounded that he was unable to be present at the storming of Badajoz. He commanded his regiment only at the battle of Salamanca, but in 1813 he again assumed the command of the left brigade of the light division, and commanded it through the three great battles of Vittoria, the Nivelle, and the Nive. He then again reverted to the command of his regiment and commanded it at the battles of Orthes and Toulouse. On the conclusion of peace he was promoted colonel on 4 June 1814, given a gold cross and three clasps, and on the extension of the order of the Bath was made one of the first K.C.B.'s, and afterwards an aide-de-camp to the prince regent. When Napoleon escaped from Elba, the 52nd, under the command of Colborne, was ordered to Belgium, and brigaded with the 71st and 95th regiments under Major-general Adam [see ] in the division of Lord Hill. This division was posted on the extreme right of the English position in order to keep open the communications with Hal; but when it was perceived that Napoleon was not trying to turn the English line, but to force his way through it, the brigade gradually moved forward so as to be able to pour in a flank fire on any charge in column that might be made within its reach. The opportunity arrived when the Old Guard advanced to the charge ; then Colborne, who, as Napier says, was ' a man of singular talent for war,' suddenly fired a volley into the flank of the dense column, and then charged it and routed it. Whether this charge of Colborne's really defeated the Old Guard and won the battle of Waterloo is a point which will always be disputed, but it is perfectly certain that he defeated a body of the guard, either the main body or a detached portion, and most probably the second line. Anyhow there can be no doubt that the Duke of Wellington never gave fair credit to Colborne's exploit. Colborne, however, received the orders of Maria Theresa and St. George, and directly he was promoted major-general in 1825 he

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 COLDOCK, FRANCIS (1530–1602), stationer and printer, 'by birth a gentleman' (so runs his widow's monument), was apprenticed to William Bonham, and made free of the Stationers' Company 2 Dec. 1657 (, Transcript, i. 70), began to take apprentices 6 July 1668, was under warden in 1680 and 1682, upper warden in 1687 and 1688, and was twice master, in 1691 and 1595. The first entry to him in the Registers is for Bishop Bale's 'Declaration of E. Bonner's Articles in 1661, which, however, was printed for him by J. Tysdall. In the same year he was fined 2s. 'for that he ded revyle Thomas Hackett with unsemely wordes' (ib. i. 183), as well as on other occasions for keeping open on St. Luke's day and during sermon time. He was one of those who signed the petition setting forth their grievances from the various book monopolies, presented by the stationers and printers to Queen Elizabeth in 1577 [see ]. He seems to have been more of a bookseller than a printer. Many volumes issued by him in conjunction with [q. v.] were very probably printed by the latter. He printed a few important books, among which may be mentioned the 'Æthiopian Historie' of Heliodorus, translated by Thomas Underdowne, who refers in the preface to his 'friend' Coldock. He first had a shop 'in Lombard strete, over agaynste the Cardinalles hatte,' and afterwards 'in Pawles churchyard at the signe of the greene Dragon.' He was a benefactor to the company, presenting on 4 Aug. 1589 'a spoone gilt poiz. 3 oz. 3s. or thereaboutes with his name on it,' on being made warden, and in 1591 'a silver college pot' on being made master.

On his widow's monument in the church of St. Andrew Undershaft is this inscription: 'Near … lieth Alice Byng, in a vault with her father, Simon Burton. She had three husbands, all bachelors and stationers. Her first was Richard Waterson, by him she had a son. Next him was Francis Coldock, by birth a gentleman; he bare all the offices in the company, and had issue two daughters, Joane and Anne, with whom she lived forty years. Lastly, Isaac Byng, pent., who died master of his company. She died the 21st day of May A.D. 1616, aged 73 yrs. 5 months and 25 days' (, London, ed. Strype, 1754, i. 400). Coldock died 13 Jan. 1602, aged 72, and was buried in the vault of St. Faith, in the crypt of St. Paul's (, St Paul's Cath., ed. Ellis, 1818, p. 86).

COLDSTREAM, JOHN (1806–1863), physician, only son of Robert Coldstream, merchant, by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of John Phillips of Stobcross, Glasgow, was born at Leith 19 March 1806, and after attending the high school, Edinburgh, continued his studies at the university. He early took an interest in Bible and missionary societies, and in 1822 wrote the report of the Leith Juvenile Bible Society. On his selection of the medical profession he became apprentice to Dr. Charles Anderson, an eminent practitioner in Leith, and one of the founders of the Wernerian Society. His great love of natural history led to his election as a member of the Plinian Society, 18 March 1823; he acted as secretary and treasurer the same year, and was chosen one of the presidents in 1824 and 1825. In 1827 he graduated M.D. at the university of Edinburgh, and took his diploma at the Royal College of Surgeons, and then proceeded to Paris to continue his medical education. In 1828 he declined an offer of the post of assistant in the Natural History Institution at Portsmouth, and in 1829 settled down as a practitioner in Leith. On 9 Jan. 1830 he was enrolled a member of the Wernerian Society. About 1840 the subject of medical missions began to occupy the attention of professional men. Coldstream was one of the first to recognise their value and importance, and never ceased to labour for them. With his friend, Mr. Benjamin Bell, he became associated secretary of the Medical Missionary Society. In 1845 he was elected a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, but scarcely took any part in their proceedings, and in October 1846 he greatly aided in establishing at Leith a hospital for the sick poor. He removed to York Place, Edinburgh, in 1847, his weak health no longer being equal to the incessant toils of a practice at Leith. His interest in the treatment and education of imbeciles led to the establishment in 1855 of the Home and School for Invalid and Imbecile Children in Grayfield Square, Edinburgh, and here for nearly five years he was almost a daily visitor. In September 1857 he went to Berlin to attend the meeting of the Evangelical Alliance, and to bring to its notice the cause of medical missions. During the winter of 1858–9 the illness began which eventually proved fatal, an organic disease of the stomach; however, he was well enough to deliver a course of lectures on ethnography in the winter of 1859–60. After this the state of his health obliged him to move about from


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 place to place, and he died at Irthing House, near Carlisle, 17 Sept. 1863. He was a deeply religious man.

He married, 7 May 1835, Margaret, youngest daughter of the Rev. William Menzies of Lanark, by whom he had a family of ten children.

He was the author of: 1. ‘De Indole Morborum Periodica utpote Sideribus orta,’ 1827. 2. ‘An Account of the Topography, Climate, and State of the Town of Torquay,’ 1833. 3. ‘The Abendberg, an Alpine Retreat, by G.L. of Geneva, with an introduction by J. Coldstream,’ 1848. 4. ‘On the Responsibilities attaching to the Profession of Medicine,’ Lecture 6 in ‘Lectures on Medical Missions,’ 1849. 5. ‘Notice of Attempts made to improve the Condition of the Fatuous,’ 1850. 6. ‘On a Case of Catalepsy,’ 1854. 7. ‘History of the Medical Missions in Addresses to Medical Students,’ 1856. He was also a contributor to the transactions of the Plinian, Wernerian, Royal Medical, Edinburgh Medical and Surgical, and other societies.

 COLDWELL, JOHN (d. 1596), bishop of Salisbury, born at Faversham, Kent, matriculated at St. John's College, Cambridge, on 15 May 1551, proceeded B.A. 1554–5, and commenced M.A. 1558, was admitted fellow in March, and was presented to the rectory of Aldington, Kent, the same year. In 1564 he was created M.D., and while continuing to reside in Kent appears to have practised medicine for some time. Archbishop Parker made him his domestic chaplain, and he probably performed medical as well as clerical duties in the household of his patron. His services were rewarded in 1571 with the archdeaconry of Chichester, which he resigned in 1575, and he was further admitted to the rectory of Tunstall, Kent, 13 June 1572, and in November 1580 was instituted to the rectory of Saltwood with Hythe in the same county. On 26 Sept. 1581 he was installed dean of Rochester, and while holding this office served in 1587 on a commission of visitation appointed by Archbishop Whitgift. He was elected bishop of Salisbury on 2 Dec. 1591, the see having then been vacant for three years, and was consecrated on the 26th, being the first married bishop of that church. In a manuscript letter dated 23 Aug. 1593 he petitions the lord keeper that he might have the privilege of nominating the justices of the peace for the city of Salisbury as his predecessors had done. He is accused of impoverishing his see; during his episcopate Sir Walter Raleigh robbed it of the castle, park, and parsonage of Sherborne, together with other possessions. A bishop, however, had little chance of keeping anything if the queen or one of her favourites wanted it. Coldwell complains bitterly of Raleigh in a letter to Henry Brook, dated 10 April 1594, and on 22 April 1596 prays Sir R. Cecil to tell him that owing to the conduct of ‘his man Mears’ in keeping his ‘farm and arrearages’ from him he cannot pay the queen his ‘duties’ (Addit. MS. 6177). He died on 14 Oct. 1596, and was then so deeply in debt that it is said that his friends were glad to bury him ‘suddenly and secretly’ in Bishop Wyville's grave. He wrote ‘Medical Prescriptions’ and a ‘Letter to John Hall, chirurgeon,’ concerning the treatment of a certain case, together in manuscript in the Bodleian Library. Some of his letters are printed in various collections.

 COLE, ABDIAH (1610?–1670?), physician, was a copious translator and manufacturer of medical books, of whose career little is known. He must have been born early in the seventeenth century, and appears to have passed the earlier part of his life abroad, since he is said to have 'spent twenty-nine years in the service of three of the greatest princes in Europe.' He describes himself as 'doctor of physick and the liberal arts,' but where he graduated is unknown. He did not belong to the College of Physicians. 'In name is often associated with that of Nicholas Culpeper in numerous translations and oompilations. These were for the most part originally written by Culpeper, and Cole's name does not appear on the title-pages (with one exception) till after Culpeper's death in 1658. Cole was, therefore, probably employed to edit and revise these works; and the fact that the later editions were mostly printed by Peter and Edward Cole suggested a possible relationship between the printers and the writer. They were all either translations of standard continental works, or semi-popular works of an inferior stamp, and contain little that is original.

The titles of some are: 1. 'The Practice


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 tation for eloquence and also for a tendency towards nonconformity. He died in 1571. He published: (1) A sermon preached at Maidstone in Lent, 1553 ; and also (2) A sermon preached before the queen at Windsor in 1564. He had a hand in the framing of the Genevan form of worship. He has been confounded with (d. 1600) [q. v.], president of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, one of the authors of the Genevan translation of the Bible.

 COLE, THOMAS (1627?–1697), independent minister, a native of London, was born about 1627. William Cole, his father, was a man of some property, and sent him to Westminster School, whence, in 1646, he was elected student of Christ Church, Oxford. He proceeded B.A. in 1649, and M.A. 8 July 1651, and in 1656 became principal of St. Mary Hall. As a tutor he had ‘some eminent divines’ for pupils, among whom was John Locke. The restoration of Charles II was followed by the ejection of Cole from his position at Oxford. He then opened an academy at Nettlebed, Oxfordshire, and one of those under his charge was Samuel Wesley, the father of the founder of methodism. Samuel Wesley was the son of an ejected minister, but having entered the church, he attacked his former tutor, whose character was cleared by Samuel Palmer in his ‘Vindication of the Dissenters.’ In February 1674 Cole succeeded Philip Nye as minister of the now extinct independent congregation of Silver Street, London. He was also one of the ministers of the merchants' lecture at Pinners' Hall. His church, after leaving Silver Street, met at Tallow Chandlers' Hall, Dowgate Hill, and afterwards at Pinners' Hall, where he preached his last sermon 22 Aug. 1697. Cole is described by Palmer as ‘a man of a most innocent and spotless life in his usual conversation.’ Beyond three sermons in the ‘Morning Exercises,’ 1674, and one in the ‘Casuistical Morning Exercise,’ 1690, his writings are: 1. ‘The old Apostolical Way of Preaching: a funeral sermon for Rev. Edward West,’ London, 1676. 2. ‘Discourses on Regeneration, Faith, and Repentance,’ London, 1689. 3. ‘The Incomprehensibleness of imputed Righteousness for Justification by Human Reason, till enlightened by the Spirit of God,’ London, 1692. 4. ‘Discourses on the Christian Religion,’ London, 1700. A manuscript copy of some of his sermons, including his last, with an account of his deathbed conversation, is described by Wilson, who gives from it an account of his decease, 16 Sept. 1697, in the seventieth year of his age. A copy of verses by him is prefixed to Cartwright's poems in 1653, and there is another in the Oxford collection on the peace in 1654. He is buried in the upper ground of Bunhill Fields, but the precise spot is not known.

 COLE, WILLIAM, D.D. (d. 1600) president of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1568–1598, dean of Lincoln 1598–1600, a native of Lincoln, 'ortu Lincolniensis' (Registers of C.C.C.), was admitted at Corpus Christi 28 July 1545. He proceeded to the degree of B.A. in 1548, M.A. 1552, and became fellow of his college. Having embraced reformed doctrines, and taken rank as one of the leaders of the protestant cause in the university of Oxford, on the accession of Queen Mary in 1553, he found it necessary to seek safety by flight, forming one of the large band of scholars and divines who took refuge in various towns of Germany and Switzerland till the storm of persecution had passed. The place of refuge selected by Cole and his companions was Zurich, of which the celebrated Bullinger was then chief pastor. Cole's name appears in the signatures to the letter addressed oy the protestant exiles on their arrival at Zurich in 1554 to the magistrates of the town, stating the cause of their banishment, and requesting permission to reside there, and praying to be protected from all violence (Zurich Letters, iii. 752, Parker Society). Zurich, we are told, attracted 'the greatest scholars' among the refugees (, Church Hist. iv. 206). Among Cole's companions were Pilkington and Home, afterwards respectively, bishops of Durham and Winchester, and Home's wife Margery. Their request was readily acceded to by the civil authorities of the town, and the exiles found a congenial home at Zurich, where they were treated most hospitably by the leading inhabitants, until the death of Mary allowed them to return to England. Cole with eleven others, including Laurence Humphrey, afterwards regius professor of divinity at Oxford, and Parkhurst, afterwards bishop of Norwich, were received in the house of Christopher Froschover, the celebrated protestant printer, who had been


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 at the presentation of Browne Willis, esq., and so lost fifteen years of the best part of my life for disquisitions of this sort, and never having a relish to recommence this work when I retired into my native county again in 1767, when I made of an old dilapidated cottage at Milton near Cambridge, a decent gentleman's house, laying out upon the premises at least 600l., the annual rent being only 17l. per annum, hired of the college, and no lease till my time; yet after six years' occupancy Cooke, the snotty-nosed head of it, soon after his election, had the rascality, with Paddon, a dirty wretch, and bursar suitable to him, to alter my lease, and put new terms in it. But from such a scoundrel, and I am warranted to call him no other, and would call him so to his face the first time I see him, with the addition of a liar and mischief-maker through life, no other than dirty treatment can be expected. I write this 9 June 1782' (Addit. MS. 5817, f. 194).

As late as 1778 Cole was perplexed as to the disposal of his manuscripts. 'To give them to King's College,' he wrote, 'would be to throw them into a horsepond,' the members of that society being 'generally so conceited of their Latin and Greek that all other studies are barbarous.' At one time he thought of Eton College and of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, but eventually he resolved to bequeath his collections to the British Museum on condition that they should not be opened until twenty years after his death. Accordingly they did not become accessible to the public until 1803. Vol. xvii. never reached the Museum; it is conjectured to have contained a 'History of Queens' College.' The multifarious contents of Cole's collections are described in great detail in the ' Index to the Additional MSS., with those of the Egerton Collection, acquired in the years 1783-1835,' London, 1849, folio. There are also three thick volumes of Cole's own indexes in the reading-room of the Museum (Addit. MSS. 5799, 5800, 5801). The most important sections of the manuscripts are: 1. 'Parochial Antiquities of Cambridgeshire, illustrated with drawings of Churches, Monuments, Arms, &c.' 2. 'Collections for an Athenæ Cantabrigienses, alphabetically arranged,' Addit. MSS. 5862-85, 5954, 5955. These collections, though they have proved very serviceable to biographers, consist for the most part only of references to printed works, and do not contain connected narratives of the lives of Cambridge authors. Some extracts, relating for the most part to persons with whom Cole was personally acquainted, are printed in Brydges's 'Restituta.' 3. 'History of King's College, Cambridge,' 4 vols., Addit. MSS. 5814-17. 4. 'Collections relating to the University of Cambridge.' 5. 'Extraneous Parochial Antiquities, or an account of various Churches in different Counties in England, with drawings,' Addit. MSS. 5806, 5811, 5836. 6. 'Topographical, Genealogical, and Miscellaneous Collections.' 7. 'Parochial Antiquities for the County of Bucks, with drawings,' Addit. MSS. 5821, 5839, 5840. 8. 'Parochial Antiquities for the County of Huntingdon, with drawings,' Addit. MSS. 5837, 5838, 5847. 9. Transcript of Baker's 'History of St. John's College, Cambridge,' with additions, Addit, MS. 5850. 10. Literary correspondence, chiefly in Addit. MS. 5824.

[Cole's MSS. passim; Nichols's Lit. Anecd. i. 657-701; Nichols's Illustr. of Lit.; Cambridge Antiquarian Communications, i. 49, 65; Gent. Mag. lii. 599, lxxvi. 693; Warburton's Memoirs of Horace Walpole, ii. 359; Horace Walpole's Letters (Cunningham); Cooper's Athenæ Cantab. vol. i. preface; Cooper's Annals of Cambridge, iv. 406; Dyer's Hist. of Cambridge, i. 13, 14, ii. 198; Chalmers's Biog. Dict. x. 22; Granger's Letters, p. 320; Baker's St. John's (Mayor), ii. 1142; Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. vi. 428, 3rd ser. i. 487, viii. 379; D'Israeli's Calamities of Authors (1812), i. 236, 271, 272; Charity Reports, xxxi. 55; Ellis's Original Letters, 3rd ser. iv. 388; Camden's Britannia, Cambs. (Gough), ii. 143*; Lipscomb's Buckinghamshire, ii. 39, iii. 214, iv. 24; Bromley's Cat. of Engraved Portraits.]

 COLE, WILLIAM (1753–1806), classical scholar, was born on 8 Dec. 1753 at Mersham in Kent, and received in early life great assistance from a friend of his mother, John Chapman, archdeacon of Sudbury (1704-1784) [q. v.] Chapman sent him first to Ashford school, and afterwards to a private seminary at Bierton, near Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire. In 1766 he was admitted at Eton on the foundation, and in 1773 was made scholar of King's College, Cambridge, and fellow in 1776, proceeding B.A. in 1778, and M.A. in 1781. In 1777 he relurned to Eton as a master, but, having ruptured a blood-vessel while an undergraduate, found himself not strong enough for the post, and resigned it in 1780 on being appointed tutor to George, marquis of Blandford, and Lord Henry Spencer, the sons of the Duke of Marlborough, to whom he became chaplain. To the Marquis of Blandford he dedicated his 'Oratio de Ridiculo,' to which the first of Sir William Browne's medals was awarded; he printed it along with some Latin verse 1780. In 1781 he was inducted to the first portion of the rectory of Waddesdon, Buckinghamshire, on the presentation of the Duke


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 of Marlborough, but resigned it in 1788, on being collated to the rectory of Mersham, Kent, by the Archbishop of Canterbury. In 1792 he was installed prebendary of Westminster, and in 1795 received the degree of D.D. by the archbishop's diploma at the archiepiscopal visitation at Canterbury. In 1796 he was presented to the vicarage of Shoreham, Kent, by the dean and chapter of Westminster. In 1795 he married Mary, the second daughter of Sir William Blackstone, but left no issue. Besides the 'Oratio de Ridiculo' Cole was the author of a Latin explanation prefixed to the second volume of the 'Marlborough Gems' privately printed under the auspices of George, duke of Marlborough (, Privately Printed Books, p. 56), and of several sermons. He died on 24 Sept. 1806, and was buried in the north aisle of Westminster Abbey.

 COLE, WILLIAM (1754–1812), miscellaneous writer, was the eldest son of the Rev. Denny Cole of Sudbury, and afterwards of Wickham Market, Suffolk. He was educated at Eton, and King's College, Cambridge, where he was elected to a fellowship (B.A. 1780, M.A. 1783). He was afterwards instituted to the vicarage of Broad Chalke in Wiltshire on the presentation of his college. For several years he resided at Yoxford, Suffolk, and had the curacy of Theberton in that neighbourhood, but he subsequently removed to London, where he officiated at a chapel near his residence in Baker Street, Portman Square, where he died in December 1812.

His principal works are: 1. 'A Key to the Psalms; being an easy, concise, and familiar explanation of words, allusions, and sentences in them,' Cambridge, 1788, 8vo. 2. 'To the Feeling Heart. Exalted Affection; or Sophia Pringle; a Poem,' London, 1789, 8vo. 3. 'The Contradiction,' a novel, London, 1796, 12mo.

 COLEBROOKE, HENRY THOMAS (1766–1837), the first great Sanskrit scholar of Europe, was the son of Sir George Colebrooke, the head of an old and wealthy firm of bankers. Sir George sat in the House of Commons for Arundel, and had made himself useful to the directors of the East India Company by his defence of their privileges in parliament; in return for this service he was invited to join the court of directors, of which he eventually became chairman in 1769. His son Henry, who was born in London on 15 June 1765, may have inherited his scholarly bent from his father, who was something of an antiquary and a man of culture; but he undoubtedly derived more of his intellectual vigour from his mother, Mary, daughter and heiress of Patrick Gaynor of Antigua, a woman of remarkable energies of mind. Henry was brought up at home, where, with the aid of a tutor, he gained a considerable mastery of the classical languages, together with French and some German, and began to show that delight in mathematics which afterwards became a ruling passion. His father's influence with the court of directors naturally pointed to an Indian career for the son, and Henry received a writership in the Bengal service in August 1782. As he sailed from Portsmouth he was a witness of the foundering of the Royal George. The thirty-two years of service in the East India Company's civil departments upon which he was now entering were occupied with the monotonous but not uninteresting routine of official duties, varied by little travelling, and no personal experience of war or danger. Colebrooke was appointed assistant collector at Tirhut in 1786, and was not sorry to leave Calcutta, where the gambling and drinking of the representatives of English civilisation disgusted him. Though a retired student, who at first preferred his chair to the saddle, he was not disinclined to win his experience of the world, and took his turn at the gambling-table, with a little temporary interest, which soon wore off. The drinking bouts of the Calcutta bucks only aroused his contempt; he had a strong head himself, and despised people who lost theirs. Still more indignant was he with the low moral tone which pervaded Anglo-Indian society at that time; and in a letter to his father he accuses Warren Hastings of being the author of this debauched condition, by filling the country with a set of 'harpies, who adopted one pursuit — a fortune.' He left his small appointment at the board of accounts with satisfaction, to enter upon his revenue duties at Tirhut. His brother, who also held an appointment at Calcutta, had weaned him somewhat from his too close application to study, and had induced him to spare what time he could for riding and shooting, and so keen did the sporting taste become, that in after years he would take more pride in his shooting, which was admirable, than in his highest scholarly attainments. His official duties, however, left little leisure for either sport or study.

He soon established a reputation for thorough and capable work, and what time he had to


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  was chairman of the quarter sessions at Maidstone and drew up the petition. He intermeddled with poetry as well as with politics, and was the author of a 'Heroick Poem upon the King,' 1694, and a 'Poem to the Lady Duty,' and 'Poem to the Rev. John Brandreth,' in 'Miscellaneous Poems and Translations by several Hands,' published by Richard Savage, son of Earl Rivers, 1726. He died in 1726. By his wife, Elizabeth Gill, he had three sons and three daughters.

COLERAINE,. [See .]

COLERIDGE, DERWENT (1800–1883), author, second son of [q. v.], was born at Keswick 14 Sept. 1800. He was sent with his brother [q. v.] to be educated at a small school near Ambleside. The two brothers were in those days in continual intercourse with Southey and Wordsworth. Derwent was sent to St. John's College, Cambridge, and here he formed intimate friendships, which lasted for life, with W. M. Praed, Macaulay, Moultrie, Sidney Walker, Charles Austin, and Bulwer. In the autumn of 1822 he joined them as a contributor to ‘Knight's Quarterly Magazine.’ His contributions, signed ‘Davenant Cecil,’ were mostly poetical. He proceeded B.A. 1824, and M.A. 1829. In 1825 he was ordained by Bishop Carey of Exeter; soon afterwards he was appointed master of the grammar school at Helston, Cornwall. One of his most distinguished pupils there was Charles Kingsley. While at Helston he published his largest work, ‘The Scriptural Character of the English Church’ (1839). He agrees with the conclusions which Mr. Gladstone supported in ‘Church Principles considered in their Results,’ published the following year, although Mr. Gladstone wrote as a pronounced high churchman, while Coleridge aimed at setting forth the views of his father on church and state. The avowal that he wished to be regarded as his father's disciple induced F. D. Maurice to dedicate to him his ‘Kingdom of Christ.’ Coleridge's book, though eloquent, missed popularity, perhaps on account of its impartiality. In 1841 he was appointed first principal of St. Mark's College, Chelsea, just established by the National Society. He held that post until 1864, and undoubtedly did much to shape the course of elementary education in England. He was a strong advocate of Latin in mental training, placing it altogether above mathematics or physical science. The study of languages was always a passion with him. Dean Stanley once declared him the most accomplished linguist in England. He could read Cervantes and Alfieri as easily as Racine and Schiller, and was well acquainted with Hungarian and Welsh poetry. Of the latter he was intensely fond. He could also read not only Arabic and Coptic, but Zulu and Hawaiian.

Under his guidance sacred music was made a large part of the training of the college students. Choral services were not known in 1841, except in cathedrals, and when one was established in St. Mark's College Chapel pilgrimages used to be made to hear the novelty, not only from all parts of London, but by country clergy. ‘The chapel service is the keystone of the arch,’ he wrote in an interesting letter to Archdeacon Sinclair, published in 1842. He published several pamphlets in the course of his principalship, all evidently inspired by the desire to place the education of the people in the hands of the church, though his view of the church itself and its doctrines was by no means a narrow one. His last publication on the subject was a manifesto against compulsory education and in favour of denominational schools.

His life of his brother Hartley, published in 1849, is a very well-written biography, and he also edited some of his father's works in conjunction with his sister [see under ]. In 1864 the works of Praed appeared under his editorship, and with a memoir by him. In 1854 Bishop Blomfield offered him the living of Northolt, but he declined it. Ten years later he accepted from Bishop Tait the rectory of Hanwell. Finding the parish church a long way from the population, he set to work to build a new one in the midst of them, and it was consecrated on the last day of 1879, when he was in his eightieth year. His mind had lost none of its vigour when he resigned next year, but he had become subject to constant attacks of acute neuralgia, and he retired to Torquay, where he died on 28 March 1883. His wife, to whom he had been married for more than fifty-five years, survived him. He left a son and a daughter.

COLERIDGE, HARTLEY (1796–1849), the eldest son of [q. v.], was born at Clevedon, Somersetshire,


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 the office, however, with success until the liberal government resigned in 1866, and in December 1868 he became attorney-general, and in the next year he had the conduct of the Bankruptcy Bill in the House of Commons. He was, while attorney-general, appointed recorder of Bristol, but resigned the appointment at once in deference to the wishes of his constituency. In 1871, to enable the judicial committee of the privy council to overtake its arrears of colonial appeals, an act (34 & 85 Vict. c. 91) was passed providing for four paid judgeships, two of which were to be held by judges or ex-judges of the English bench. To none could one of the law officers be appointed. One of these two judgeships was accepted by Sir Montague Smith. The other was offered to and refused by three English judges, and a fourth having intimated that he would refuse it if offered, Lord Hatherley, the lord chancellor, thought it unseemly to hawk the appointment about any further. It was imperative that the vacancy should be at once filled, and Collier agreed to relieve the government in this difficulty. To give him the necessary technical qualification, Lord Hatherley in November 1871 appointed him to a vacant puisne judgeship in the court of common pleas. Here he sat a few days only ; three judgments of his are, however, reported (Law Reports, vii. Common Pleas, 163). Though a writ was made out appointing him a serjeant, it was never executed in open court, nor was he a member of Serjeants' Inn. Then Mr. Gladstone appointed aim to the vacancy on the privy council. No doubt was cast either on his fitness for the place or on his personal conduct in accepting it ; but a controversy, very damaging to the government, arose out of the appointment. Lord-chief-justice Cockburn and Chief-justice Bovill [q. v.] protected against it as contrary to the spirit of the act, and on 15 Feb. 1872 Lord Stanhope made a motion in the House of Lords condemning it, which was lost only by two votes. A similar motion in thellouse of Commons was lost by only twenty-seven. This post Collier held till his death, and the task of giving literary shape to the judgments of the privy council was frequently committed to him. In 1885 he was created a peer, taking his title from Monkswell, a small property in Devonshire. He married in 1844 a daughter of Mr. William Rose of Woolston Heath, near Rugby, and her sudden death in April 1886 shook him severely. In failing health he went to the Riviera, and died at Grasse, near Cannes, on 27 Oct. 1886, and was buried in London on 3 Nov. He was highly versatile and accomplished. He was a good billiard-player, an excellent scholar, and wrote some very pretty verses both in Latin and English. His memory was most retentive. But it was chiefly in painting, of which he was passionately fond, that he was distinguished. As a young man he drew very clever caricatures in the H.B. manner. When solicitor-general he painted in St. James's Park, and he exhibited frequently at the Royal Academy and Grosvenor Gallery, especially pictures of the neighbourhood of Rosenlaui, Switzerland, where he spent many vacations. He published a treatise on the Railways Clauses Acts, 1845; another on Mines in 1849 ; a letter to Lord John Russell on the 'Reform of the Common Law Courts,' 1851, 2nd ed. 1852 ; and a translation of 'Demosthenes de Coronâ' in 1875. He was succeeded by his son Robert, a barrister, who graduated in the first class of the Cambridge law tripos, 1866, and has held the post of conveyancing counsel to the treasury ; his son John is a well-known artist ; and his daughter Margaret, Mme. Galettidi Cadilhac, has written ' Our Home by the Adriatic ' and 4 Prince Peerless/ a fairy tale.

 COLLIER, THOMAS (fl. 1691), baptist minister, is said to have been originally an illiterate carter or husbandman (, Gangræna iii. 41). In 1634, when he is described as of Witley, Surrey, he was complained of for obstinately refusing to pay taxations in the tithing of Enton, in the parish of Godalming, where he had an estate. Having adopted the opinions of the baptists, he assumed the office of a preacher, although he had not received any academical education. He preached for some time in Guernsey, where he made many converts, but ultimately he and some of his followers were banished the island for their heresies and turbulent behaviour, and he was cast into prison at Portsmouth (, Hist. of the English Baptists, iii. 51). In, or perhaps shortly before, 1646 he was a preacher at York. About the same period there are traces of him at Guildford, Lymington, Southampton, Waltham, Poole, Taunton, London, and Putney; and in 1652 he was preacher at Westbury, Somersetshire (, Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, iii. 678, Fasti, i. 508; Notes and Queries, 3rd ser. vi. 322). At one time he was minister at Luppitt and Up-Ottery, Devonshire (, Hist. of the English Baptists, ii. 141). ‘This Collier,’ remarks Edwards, ‘is a great sectary in the west of


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 England, a mechanical fellow, and a great emissary, a dipper who goes about Surrey, Hampshire, and those counties, preaching and dipping’ (, Puritans, iii. 27). What became of him at the Restoration does not appear, but it is probable that he was living in 1691, when the last of his numerous publications came from the press.

His works are: 1. ‘Certain Queries, or points now in controversy examined,’ 1645. 2. ‘The Exaltation of Christ,’ Lond. 1646, 12mo, with an epistle to the reader by Hanserd Knollys prefixed. 3. Letters dated Guildford, 20 April 1646, and London, 2 May 1646: printed in Edwards's ‘Gangræna,’ ii. 51, 52, and in Brook's ‘Puritans,’ iii. 28, 29. 4. ‘The Marrow of Christianity,’ Lond. 1647, 8vo. 5. ‘The Glory of Christ, and the Ruine of Antichrist, unvailed,’ 1647, 12mo. 6. ‘A Brief Discovery of the Corruption of the Ministry of the Church of England,’ Lond. 1647, 12mo. 7. ‘A Discovery of the New Creation. In a Sermon preached at the Head-Quarters at Putney,’ Lond. 1647, 12mo. 8. ‘A Vindication of the Army Remonstrance,’ Lond. 1648, 4to. This was in reply to a tract by William Sedgwick (, Athenæ Oxon. iii. 895). 9. ‘A General Epistle to the Universall Church of the First Born,’ Lond. 1648, 12mo. 10. ‘A Second Generall Epistle to all the Saints,’ Lond. 1649, 12mo. 11. ‘The Heads and Substance of his Discourse with John Smith and Charles Carlile,’ Lond. 1651, 12mo. 12. ‘Narrative of the Conference between John Smith and Thomas Collier,’ Lond. 1652, 4to. 13. ‘The Pulpit-guard routed in its twenty Strongholds,’ Lond. 1652, 4to, in answer to a book published in the previous year by Thomas Hall, B.D., of King's Norton, Worcestershire, entitled ‘The Pulpit guarded.’ Hall replied to Collier, who published a rejoinder, with answers to comments which had been made on his work by John Ferriby and Richard Saunders. 14. ‘The Right Constitution and True Subjects of the Visible Church of Christ,’ Lond. 1654, 12mo. 15. ‘A Brief Answer to some of the Objections and Demurs made against the coming in and inhabiting of the Jews in this Commonwealth,’ Lond. 1656, 4to. 16. ‘A Looking-glasse for the Quakers,’ Lond. 1657, 4to. In reply to James Naylor. 17. ‘A Discourse of the true Gospel-Blessedness in the New Covenant,’ Lond. 1659, 12mo. 18. ‘The Decision of the Great Point now in Controversie about the Interest of Christ and the Civill Magistrate in the Government of this World,’ Lond. 1659, 4to. 19. ‘The Body of Divinity,’ Lond. 1674, 12mo. 20. ‘Additional Word to the Body of Divinity,’ 167–, to which Nehemiah Coxe published a reply. 21. ‘A Doctrinal Discourse of Self-denial,’ Lond. 1691, 8vo.

[Authorities cited above; also Murch's Presbyterian and Baptist Churches in the West of England, 192, 477; Cat. of Dr. Williams's Library, i. 82, ii. 141; Watt's Bibl. Man.; Cat. of Printed Books in Brit. Mus.; Bodleian Cat. i. 575, ii. 38, 327.]  COLLIGNON, CATHERINE (1755–1832), translator, was the daughter of Dr. Charles Collignon [q. v.] She translated from the French of the Abbé Ladvocat 'An Historical and Biographical Dictionary,' 4 vols, 8vo, Cambridge. 1792. 2nd edition. 1799-1801. Miss Collignon died at Bromley, Kent, on 4 Feb. 1832. By her will she left 1,000l. stock to Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge.  COLLIGNON, CHARLES, M.D. (1725–1785), anatomist, was of French extraction, and educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated M.B. in 1749 and M.D. in 1754. He practised in Cambridge as a physician, and was in 1769 elected professor of anatomy, which office he held till his death on 1 Oct. 1785.

Collignon married a lady of Dutch parentage at Colchester, by whom he had an only daughter, Catherine [q. v.] Cole, who knew him well, says of him: 'He is an ingenious, honest man, and if they had picked the three kingdoms for a proper person to represent an anatomical professor, they could not have pitched upon a more proper one, for he is a perfect skeleton himself, absolutely a walking shadow, nothing but skin and bones; indeed. I never saw so meagre a figure, such as one can conceive a figure to be after the flesh and substance is all dried away and wasted, and nothing left to cover the bones but a shrivelled dry leather; such is the figure of our present professor of anatomy, 19 June 1770' (, MS. Collection, British Museum, xxxiii. 264). He was a fellow of the Royal Society.

Collignon's works, which are mostly in the nature of moral reflections based on a little anatomy and medicine, include: 1. 'Compendium Anatomico-Medicum,' 1756. 2. 'Tyroncinium Anatomicum,' 1763. 3. 'Enquiry into the Structure of the Human Body relative to its supposed Influence on the Morals of Mankind,' 1764; third edition, 1771. 4. 'Medicina Politica; or Reflections on the Art of Physic as inseparably connected with the Prosperity of a State,' 1765. 5. 'Moral and Medical Dialogues,' 1769. These were collected with some' other minor writings at a quarto volume of 'Miscellaneous Works,' published by subscription in 1786.


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   COLLINGES, JOHN, D.D. (1623–1690), presbyterian divine, was the son of Edward Collinges, M. A., 'concerning whose faithfulnesse in his ministery,' his son informs us, 'many soules in glory, many in this and the other England, can beare witnesse.' He was born in 1623 at Boxted, Essex, and educated, 'till I was sixteen,' at the neighbouring grammar school of Dedham, where he came under the influence and preaching of the famous John Rogers and his successor, Matthew Newcomen. His father died when he was fifteen, leaving an estate, 'little above 501. a yeare,' to maintain his wife, son, and two daughters; but the son was sent to Cambridge, 'where I lived, though in no heighth, yet in no want, by the favour of my learned tutor.' At Cambridge he studied diligently, but confesses that he fell into ungodly ways, which he had scarcely abandoned when he became, about two-and-twenty, 'a constant preacher,' living in the family of Mr. Isaac Wyncoll of Bures, Essex, whose eldest daughter he married. After two years at Bures he was called to Norwich, at first apparently to St. Saviour's parish; but in 1653 he took the place of Harding, ejected vicar of St. Stephen's, which he held without institution till the Restoration compelled him to resign it. In September 1646, when he came to Norwich, he was invited by Sir John Hobart 'to take my chamber in his house,. . . and to take some oversight of his family as to the things of God.' After Sir John Hobart's death part of the house was converted into a chapel by his widow, and here for sixteen years, till the passing of the act restraining religious meetings, Collinges lectured on weekdays, and repeated his public discourses on Sunday nights. Collinges was a keen controversialist and most prolific writer. In 1651 he published 'Vindiciae Ministerii Evangelici,' which is a vindication of a Gospel ministry against the claim of 'intercommonage' on the part of 'gifted men' not regularly set apart to preach. This was attacked by William Sheppard in 'The People's Priviledges and Duty guarded against the Pulpit and Preachers,' to which Collinges at once replied in 'Responsoria ad Erratica Pastoris.' In 1653 he attacked two pamphlets, one by Edward Fisher, and the other published anonymously by Alan Blane with the title 'Festorum Metropolis,' in which the puritan observance of the Sabbath was criticised, and the better observance of Christmas day insisted upon. Collinges names his reply 'Responsoria ad Erratica Piscatoris,' and has a dedication in heroic verse 'to my dear Saviour.' He denies that the date of Christ's birth can be fixed. In 1654 he attacked the 'Change of Church Discipline' of Theophilus Brabourne [q. v.] in a tract entitled ' Indoctus Doctor Edoctus. Brabourne replied in part ii. of his work, and Collinges rejoined with 'A New Lesson for the Edoctus Doctor,' in which he gives some particulars of his own life (pp. 8-10). In 1655 he published 'Responsoria Bipartita, again discussing church government, and considering the right of the church to suspend the ignorant and the scandalous from the Lord's Supper. In 1658 these controversies are concluded by the publication of 'Vindiciae Ministerii Evangelici revindicate,' against a book 'in the defence of gifted brethren's preaching,' which answered Collinges, and against a book called ' The Preacher sent.' In the preface to this work he enumerates and classifies his controversial tracts. After this Collinges dropped controversy; but his devotional and exegetical writings are even more voluminous. In 1650 appeared 'Five Lessons for a Christian to learn; ' in 1649, 1650, and 1652, parts i. ii. and iii. respectively of 'A Cordial for a Fainting Soule,' containing thirty-six sermons in its first two parts. In 1675 he produced 'The Weaver's Pocket Book, or Weaving spiritualised,' perhaps his most curious work, intended specially for the weavers of Norwich, in imitation of Flavel's 'Navigation and Husbandry spiritualised.' In 1676 he published 'The Intercourses of Divine Love between Christ and His Church,' an exposition of chapter ii. of Solomon's Song, which in 1683 was incorporated with a similar exposition of chapter i., and a metrical paraphrase. In 1678 there appeared 'Several Discourses concerning the actual Providence of God,' containing ninety-eight sermons. This volume, as well as that last mentioned, contains the author's portrait at the age of fifty-five. In 1680 appeared the 'Defensative Armour against four of Satan's most fiery Darts,' and in 1681 a tract on the 'Improveableness of Water Baptism.' In conclusion, two biographical works must be mentioned: 'Faith and Experience,' published in 1647, containing an account of Mary Simpson of St. Gregory's parish, Norwich, and 'Par Nobile,' begun in 1665 on the death of his patron, Lady Frances Hobart, but hindered from publication by the plague and destroyed in 1666 by the fire. It was rewritten and published in 1675, because of certain slanders of the papists, and contains accounts of the lives of Lady Frances Hobart and Lady Katharine Courten, daughters of the Earl of Bridgewater, which suggests the substance of two


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 discourses. Besides all this work and numerous sermons, Collinges wrote the annotations in Poole's Bible on the last six chapters of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentation, the four Evangelists, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Galatians 1 and 2 Timothy, Philemon, and Revelation He was appointed one of the commissioners at the Savoy Conference, and was extremely anxious for an accommodation. He died in January 1690.

 COLLINGRIDGE, PETER BERNARDINE, D.D. (1757–1829), catholic prelate, was born in Oxfordshire on 10 March 1757, and assumed the Franciscan habit in the convent of St. Bonaventure at Douay in 1770. He taught philosophy to his brethren from 1779 till 1785, when he was made lector of divinity. He was elected guardian of the convent in 1788, and on the expiration of the term of his triennial government he was appointed president of the Franciscan academy at Baddesley, near Birmingham. Subsequently he was stationed at the Portuguese chapel, London, and at St. George's-in-the-Fields. In 1806 he was elected provincial of his brethren. The following year Bishop Sharrock, vicar-apostolic of the western district, secured him as his coadjutor, and he was consecrated at St. Edmund's College, Ware, on 11 Oct. 1807, as bishop of Thespiæ. He died in the monastery at Cannington, Somersetshire, on 3 March 1829.

 COLLINGS, SAMUEL (fl. 1780–1790?), painter and caricaturist, first appears as an exhibitor at the Royal Academy in 1784, sending 'The Children in the Wood, a Sketch;' in 1785 he exhibited 'The Chamber of Genius,' which was engraved; in 1786 'The Triumph of Sensibility.' He exhibited for the last time in 1789, sending 'The Frost on the Thames, sketched on the spot.' Collings is best known, however, as a caricaturist; he was a friend of Thomas Rowlandson, and contributed designs, which were etched by Rowlandson for some of his satirical publications, notably the satires on Johnson and Boswell's tour to the Hebrides, and on Goethe's 'Sorrows of Werter.' The original drawings for the former are in the South Kensington Museum, and have been erroneously attributed to Bunbury. To the ' Wit's Magazine ' for 1784 Collings contributed some designs of a humorous character, which were engraved by William Blake and others. To the same magazine he contributed verses, and seems to have been as productive with his pen as with his pencil. He painted a portrait of Lord Thurlow, which was engraved by J. Condé; a picture by him, entitled ' The Disinherited Heir,' was published in aquatint by F. Jukes. It is not known when he died.

 COLLINGTON. [See .]

COLLINGWOOD, CUTHBERT, (1750–1810), vice-admiral, of an old Northumberland family which had fallen into reduced circumstances during the civil war of the 17th century and the rebellion of 1715, was born in Newcastle-on-Tyne on 26 Sept. 1750. He received his early education in the grammar school of that town; but at the age of eleven was entered as a volunteer on board the Shannon frigate, commanded by his maternal cousin, Captain Braithwaite; and for the next eleven years be continued with Braithwaite in the Shannon, and afterwards in the Gibraltar and Liverpool, always on the home station, though occasionally stretching as far as Gibraltar or Newfoundland in charge of convoy. In March 1772 he was appointed to the Lennox, guardship at Portsmouth, with Captain Roddam, and in February 1774 was moved into the Preston, going out to North America with the flag of Vice-admiral Samuel Graves. In the following year he was landed with the party of seamen attached to the army at the battle of Bunker's Hill, a service which won for him his promotion to the rank of lieutenant, 17 June 1775. In the following March he was appointed to the Hornet sloop, with Captain Haswell, and went in her to the West Indies, where, at Port Royal, on 30 Sept. 1777, he was tried by court-martial on a number of charges amounting to disobedience of the captain's orders and neglect of duty. On each and all of these charges he was fully acquitted; but in pronouncing his acquittal the court remarked on the apparent want of 'cheerfulness on the part of Lieutenant Collingwood in carrying on the duty of the sloop,' and 'therefore recommended it to him to conduct himself for the future with that alacrity which is so


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 series of 'Adversaria' contributed to the 'St. James's Chronicle,' in 1885. His widow, who died on 17 March 1886, co-operated with him in 'Frances,' 'Sweet and Twenty,' 'The Village Comedy,' and 'You play me false;' and in 1882 published 'A Broken Lily,' a novel.  COLLINS, RICHARD (d. 1732), draughtsman, was son of a painter at Peterborough, from whom he received his first instruction in art. He afterwards completed his studies under [q. v.] On 10 Aug. 1727 he was elected a fellow of the Spalding Society, and subsequently made many drawings for their transactions and publications. Among these was a fine drawing of the 'Front and Grand Vestibule of Peterborough Minster;' this was engraved by Gerard van der Gucht. He also painted a S.W. view of Croyland Abbey, and a view of the triangular bridge at Croyland. These were engraved by Samuel Buck [q. v.] and published among his Lincolnshire views. Collins died in 1732.  COLLINS, RICHARD (1755–1831), miniature-painter, a native of Hampshire, was born on 30 Jan. 1755. He studied enamel-painting under, R.A. [q. v.], and soon attained a very high position as a miniature-painter. His miniatures were painted both on enamel and on ivory. He first exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1777, and continued to contribute miniatures regularly for about thirty years; he exhibited for the last time in 1818. He shared with Richard Cosway and Samuel Shelley the fashionable sitters of the day, and in 1789 was appointed principal portrait-painter in enamel to George III. He executed some fine miniature portraits of the royal family. Having acquired a comfortable income by his art, he quitted London in 1811, and retired into private life at Pershore, Worcestershire, resigning his post in the royal service. About 1828, however, the love of art and culture led Collins to return to London, and he resided in the vicinity of Regent's Park until his death on 5 Aug. 1831, in his seventy-seventh year.

 COLLINS, SAMUEL, D.D. (1576–1651) provost of King's College, Cambridge, was son of Baldwin Collins, fellow and vice-provost of Eton College, 'a pious and painfull preacher, prodigiously bountifull to the poor, whom Queen Elizabeth constantly called Father Collins' (, Worthies, ed. Nichols, i. 144). He was born at Eton on 5 Aug. 1576, and studied for nine years in Eton School, where he made rapid progress in learning, as he had an excellent natural memory, which his father improved by art. In 1591 he was elected to a scholarship at King's College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. 1595-6, M.A. 1599, B.D. 1606. Se became chaplain to Archbishop Bancroft and to his successor, Archbishop Abbot. Newcourt, Cole, Bentham, and other writers erroneously state that he was the Samuel Collins who on 15 Feb. 1610-11 was instituted to the vicarage of Braintree in Essex, on the presentation of Lord Rich. The subject of this notice died in 1651, whereas the vicar of Braintree survived till 1667 (, Essex, ii. 22; Notes and Queries, 2nd series, x. 42).

Collins obtained the rectory of Fen Ditton in Cambridgeshire, and held also the sinecure rectory of Milton in the same county. He was created D.D. at the Cambridge commencement, 3 March 1612-13, when he was selected by Dr. Richardson, regius professor of divinity, to answer upon three questions in a divinity act held in St. Mary's Church before Charles, prince of Wales, and his brother-in-law, Frederick, prince elector palatine of the Rhine (, Annals of Cambridge, iii. 57). Upon the death of Dr. Smith he was elected the eighteenth provost of King's College in April 1615, and about the same time he was appointed one of the king's chaplains. On 22 Oct. 1617 he was elected regius professor of divinity at Cambridge (, Fasti, ed. Hardy, iii. 656). To this chair James I annexed, as an augmentation, or rather full endowment, the rectory of Somersham in Huntingdonshire. Collins 'constantly read his lectures twice a week for above fourty [in reality thirty-four] years, giving notice of the time to his auditors in a ticket on the school-dores, wherein never any two alike, without some considerable difference in the critical language thereof (, Worthies, ed. Nichols, i. 144). On 19 Feb. 1617-18 he was collated to a prebend in the seventh stall of the cathedral of Ely (, Fasti, i. 361). He contracted a close friendship and maintained a constant correspondence with Sir Henry Wotton during his embassy at Venice, and through him that diplomatist presented to King's College a fine portrait of Father Paolo Sarpi, the historian of the council of Trent.

In 1628 the fellows of King's, in a petition


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Rh and swaying to and fro. Her dull eyes expressed complete vacancy of mind, and, looking at her, one would have thought that the rocking of her body was not a voluntary action of her own, but was produced by the action of some concealed galvanic mechanism.

Suddenly the death-like face assumed an inexplicable expression. The lips ceased to tremble, the eyes became animated: before the Countess stood an unknown man.

"Do not be alarmed, for Heaven's sake, do not be alarmed!" said he in a low but distinct voice. "I have no intention of doing you any harm, I have only come to ask a favour of you."

The old woman looked at him in silence, as if she had not heard what he had said. Hermann thought that she was deaf, and, bending down towards her ear, he repeated what he had said. The aged Countess remained silent as before.

"You can insure the happiness of my life," continued Hermann, "and it will cost you nothing. I know that you can name three cards in order"

Hermann stopped. The Countess appeared now to understand what he wanted; she seemed as if seeking words to reply.

"It was a joke," she replied at last: "I assure you it was only a joke."

"There is no joking about the matter," replied Hermann angrily. "Remember Chaplitzky, whom you helped to win."

The Countess became visibly uneasy. Her features expressed strong emotion, but they quickly resumed their former immobility.

"Can you not name me these three winning cards?" continued Hermann.

The Countess remained silent; Hermann continued:

"For whom are you preserving your secret? For your grandsons? They are rich enough without it; they do not know the worth of money. Your cards would be of no use to a spendthrift. He who cannot preserve his paternal inheritance, will die in want, even though he had a demon at his service. I am not a man of that sort; I know the value

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 to Williams, bishop of Lincoln, charged the provost with bribery, simony, partiality in disposing of all matters of moment, and with intolerable negligence; but the bishop examined the charges, found them groundless, and attributed the fellows' dissatisfaction to Collins's biting wit (, Life of Abp. Williams, ii. 61;, Hist. of King's Coll. ii. 234).

At the time of the rebellion he adhered loyally to the royal cause, and in 1643 the Earl of Manchester and the other commissioners for removing scandalous and insufficient ministers ejected him from the rectory of Fen Ditton. The following year (9 Jan. 1644-5) he was deprived of the provostship of King's College by order of parliament, in a visitation of the university by the Earl of Manchester (, Annals of Cambridge, iii. 377). It appears that he was allowed to retain the sinecure rectory of Milton, but the only other preferment left to him was the regius professorship of divinity, from which, however, the living of Somersham, annexed to it by James I, was severed. Provost Whichcote, who succeeded him in the government of King's College, consented that his ejected predecessor should have a yearly stipend out of the common dividend allotted to the provost, and this was regularly paid to him until his death. In 1646, on the decease of Thomas Howell, bishop of Bristol, that see was offered to Collins, but he prudently declined it. After he was ejected from his provostship he lived a retired life in the great brick house in St. Rhadegund's Lane, opposite Jesus College, Cambridge. There he died on 16 Sept. 1651, at the age of seventy-five. He was buried in the same grave with Provost Hacumblen, in the second south vestry from the west of the royal chapel belonging to King's College. A mural monument with a Latin inscription was erected there. He left behind him several sons.

He was reckoned the most fluent Latinist of his age, and was remarkable for his admirable wit and memory. His works are: 1. 'A Sermon [on 1 Tim. vi. 3-5] preached at Paules Crosse 1 Nov. 1607,' London, 1607, 1608, 4to; dedicated to Archbishop Bancroft. 2. 'Increpatio Andreae Eudaemono-Johannis Jesuitae, de infami Parallelo, et renovata assertio Torturae Torti [Cardinal Bellarmin], pro clarissimo domino atque antistite Eliensi [Lancelot Andrewes], auctore S. Collino,' Cambridge, 1612, 4to; dedicated to Archbishop Abbot, whose chaplain he then was, and who had requested him to undertake the work. 3. 'Epphata to F. T.; or, the defence of. . . the Lord Bishop of Elie [Lancelot Andrewes],. . . concerning his answer to Cardinall Bellarmines Apologie; against the slaunderous cauills of a namelesse Adioyner; entitling his booke, in every page of it, A discouerie of many fowle absurdities, falsities, lyes, &c.,' Cambridge, 1617, 4to; dedicated to James I, by whose command he first undertook to write the book. It is in reply to the treatise of the Jesuit, Thomas Fitzherbert, published in 1603 under the initials F.T., and entitled a 'Confutation of certain Absurdities in Lancelot Andrews's Answer to Bellarmine's Apology.' Fitz-Herbert published in 1621 a reply to Collins, entitled 'The Obmutesce of F. T. to the Epphata of Dr. Collins.' 4. Latin verses (a) in the university collection on the deaths of Sir Edward and Lady Lewkenor, 1606, (b) before Phineas Fletcher's 'Locustae,' 1627, (c) English verses before Bishop Rainbow's sermon at the funeral of the Countess of Suffolk, 1649.

[Addit. MSS. 5802 ff. 137, 138, 5865 f. 65, 24492 pp. 48, 243, 15852 f. 64; Bentham's Ely, 261; Burnet's Life of Bishop Bedel, 253; Cambridge Antiquarian Communications, iii. 26-28, 36, 211; Carter's Hist. of Cambridge, 31, 32; Cole's Hist. of King's Coll. Camb. ii. 211-15, 234; Racket's Life of Abp. Williams, i. 24, 26, 32, ii. 61; Bp. Hall's Works, 738; Harwood's Alumni Eton. 44; Lansdowne MS. 985 ff. 9193 b; Lloyd's Memoires (1677), 453; Newcourt's Repertorium, i. 508, ii. 89; Plume's Life of Bp. Hacket, pp. x, li; Prynne's Tryal of Abp. Laud, 193; Russell's Memoir of Bp. Andrewes, 449; Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy, ii. 150, 215; Wood's Athenae Oxon. (Bliss), ii. 664.]  COLLINS, SAMUEL (1619–1670), author of the ' Present State of Russia,' born in 1619, was the eldest son of Samuel Collins, vicar of Braintree, Essex, who appears to have surrendered his living in 1661, died 2 May 1667, and is not to be confounded with Samuel Collins (1576-1651), provost of King's College, Cambridge [q. v.] Collins was admitted to Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, in 1635; took no degree in that university; afterwards graduated M.D. at Padua; and was incorporated M.D. of Oxford 24 June 1659. It would appear that about 1660 he met in Holland Gebden, the commissary of the Russian court, who was gathering a band of celebrated men to serve the Czar Alexis, father of Peter the Great, at Moscow. Collins accepted Gebden's invitation to settle in Russia, and for nine years he acted as the czar's physician. Many honours and rewards were given him, but in 1669 he left Moscow for England. He soon afterwards made a journey to France, and died at Paris on 26 Oct. 1670. A brass mural tablet containing an inscription to his memory was set up, in accordance with the instructions in his will, outside the eastward of


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 in both will be found the letters from Gilbert White, printed by Thomas from original manuscript (first in Gent. Mag. for 1781); Letter from Ragsdale in Monthly Mag. xxi. 494; notes by T. Warton communicated to W. Hymers for projected edition in 1788 (the two last original appeared in a paper called the Reaper contributed to the York chronicle, 1796–7, afterwards in Dr. Drake's Gleaner, see Dyce, 24, 29); Hay's Chichester, 526–8; Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. v. 43; Wooll's Life of Warton, 4, 15 n., 219, 239.]

 COLLINS, WILLIAM (d. 1793), modeller, had a large practice during the last half of the eighteenth century as a modeller of friezes and bas-reliefs for chimneypieces, reredoses, &c. He was one of the first members of the St. Martin`s Lane Academy, and a member of the Incorporated Society of Artists, and signed the roll declaration in 1765, being one of the first directors of that society. He contributed to the first exhibition in 1760, and continued to exhibit up to 1763; among the bas-reliefs exhibited by him were ‘Spring—Boys with a Bird’s Nest,' and ‘Romulus and Remus’ (1760), ‘Mary Magdalene and the other Mary coming to the sepulchre’ (1761); ‘Belisarius' (1763); ‘Bacchus and Ariadne’ (1764); ‘Œdipus’ (1765), subjects from Æsop’s fables, &c. He modelled a prototype bust of Hayman's ‘Don Quixote.’ A good example of his work, a bas-relief, representing ‘The Resurrection,’ was made for the chapel of Magdalene College, Cambridge, in 1756, and is now in the library of that college. In Ralph Willett’s ‘Description of the Library at Merly, Dorset’ (London, 1785), there is a vignette of Minerva on the title-page from a model by Collins. William Sharp also engraved two large oval subjects of ‘Britannia’ and ‘Athens’ from models by Collins. Collins was a friend of Gainsborough, and resided in Tothill Fields, Westminster, where he died in May 1793.

 COLLINS, WILLIAM (1788–1847), landscape and figure painter was born in Great Titchfield Street, London, on 8 Sept. 1788. His father, a native of Wicklow, came over to England and settled in London, supporting his family by his literary talents. Among other works he wrote a poem on the slave trade, and a memoir of George Morland. Young Collins, when a child, stood by Morland’s easel, and showed so great an aptitude for art, that his father expected ‘to see poor Bill an R.A.’ In 1807 he entered, at the same time with Etty, the schools of the Royal Academy, and sent two small landscapes, both of them views near Millbank. In 1809 he gained a medal in the life school, and exhibited three pictures, viz. ‘Boy at Breakfast,’ ‘Boys with a Bird's-nest’ (purchased by Mr. Lister, his first patron), and a ‘Portrait of Master Lee as he spoke the Prologue at the Haymarket Theatre.’ Collins then resided at 118 Great Portland Street. In 1811 he sold to the Marquis of Stafford for eighty guineas a icture entitled ‘The Young Fifer.’ His father died in pecuniary difficulties early in the following year. In 1812 Collins painted the picture which made his name famous, viz. ‘The Sale of the Pet Lamb,’ sold for a hundred and forty guineas, afterwards engraved by S. W. Reynolds. He now became the chief support of his family, and found some valuable patrons, especiall Sir Thomas Freeman Heathcote, Sir John Leicester, Sir Robert Peel, Sir George Beaumont, and Lord Liverpool. In 1814 his two pictures, ‘The Blackberry Gatherers,’ purchased by Mrs. Hand, and ‘The Birdcatchers,’ purchased by the Marquis of Lansdowne, gained for him admission as associate of the Royal Academy. This honour increased his industry, and encouraged him to attempt more elaborate subjects. In 1815 he was sketching on the coast near Cromer, and produced the ‘Scene on the Coast of Norfolk,’ acquired by George IV, then prince regent. This picture was engraved for the series of royal pictures, and is now in the corridor at Windsor Castle. In 1817 Collins visited Paris in company with Leslie and Washington Allston, and painted ‘The Departure of the Diligence from Rouen,’ sold to Sir George Beaumont, and the ‘Scene on the Boulevards,’ bought by the Duke of Newcastle. These were exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1818, when Collins resided at 11 New Cavendish Street, Portland Place. About this period Collins painted several portraits. In 1820 he was elected a Royal Academician, presenting as his diploma picture ‘The Young Anglers.’ Two years later he married Miss Geddes, the daughter of Andrew Geddes, A.R.A., and sister of Margaret Sarah Carpenter, the portrait painter. He now continued to exhibit and to travel in England and Scotland. At this period his art was very popular. In 1826 Collins painted ‘The Fisherman’s Departure,’ engraved by Phelps. In 1828 he made a tour in Holland and Belgium, and lived a short time at Boulogne in 1886. ‘Rustic Popularity’ was executed in 1834 for John


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 Marshall; a replica made for Mr. Hogarth, the art dealer, was engraved in ‘Finden's Gallery of Modern British Art.’ Two years later appeared ‘Sunday Morning,’ scraped in mezzotint by S. W. Reynolds; and ‘As Happy as a King,’ representing children swinging on a gate in a wood, now in the National Gallery, and engraved by G. Finden and C. Cousen. A repetition of the picture, exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1836, is now in the Vernon Collection, South Kensington Museum. Mr. tells us that the subject of the picture was suggested to his father by the story of the country boy whose ideal of kingly happiness was swinging upon a gate all day long and eating fat bacon. In the month of September 1836 he left London for Italy, remaining there until 1838. During these two years he occupied himself unremittingly in advancing his knowledge of painting, but he caught a severe illness by sketching at Sorrento in the noonday sun. On the advice of his friend Wilkie he returned home and began several pictures from Italian life. The Royal Academy of 1839 contained the first produce of his continental tour, such as ‘Poor Travellers at the door of a Capuchin Convent near Vico, Bay of Naples,’ ‘A Scene near Subiaco,’ &c. These were followed in 1840–1 by two subjects taken from sacred history, ‘Our Saviour with the Doctors in the Temple,’ and ‘The Two Disciples at Emmaus.’ Collins now resided at 85 Oxford Terrace, and removed in 1843 to a larger house, 1 Devonport Street, Hyde Park Gardens. In 1840 he was appointed librarian to the Royal Academy, but finding its duties more onerous than he could conscientiously discharge, he resigned the office in 1842. In 1840 he visited Germany, and in 1842 the Shetland Islands, his tour in the latter place being productive of a series of illustrations to Sir ‘Pirate,’ which were published in the Waverley edition of that fiction. In 1846 his ‘Early Morning’ was exhibited. says of it: ‘I have never seen the oppression of sunlight in a clear, lurid, rainy atmosphere more perfectly or faithfully rendered, and the various portions of reflected and scattered light are all studied with equal truth and solemn feeling.’ Collins sketched in water-colour some of his works; in this style ‘The Rat-catcher’ and ‘Landing Fish’ are in the British Museum, and at the South Kensington Museum ‘A Street in Naples’ and ‘Kentish Peasant Girls.’ He also etched several plates, most of which, presented by Mrs. Collins, are in the Department of Prints and Drawings, British Museum, besides a folio volume containing choice impressions of engravings after him. Collins died from disease of the heart, terminating in dropsy, in Devonport Street, on 17 Feb. 1847, and was buried in the cemetery of the church of St. Mary, Paddington, where a handsome monument, in the form of a cross, was erected to his memory by his widow. He left two sons,, the novelist, and [q.v.] Collins exhibited altogether 124 pictures at the Royal Academy, and forty-five at the British Institution. One of his last works was commenced at Torquay in 1845.

 COLLINS, WILLIAM LUCAS (1817–1887), miscellaneous writer, was educated at Jesus College, Oxford (B.A. 1838, M.A. 1841). He became curate of Great Houghton, Northamptonshire (1835-1862), and of Brayfield, Northamptonshire (1862-3), rector of Cheriton, Glamorganshire, vicar of Kilsby (1867-1873), and rector of Lowick, both in Northamptonshire (1873-87). With the last-named benefice he held the vicarage of Slipton, to which he was presented in 1876; and he was also an honorary canon of Peterborough. He died at Lowick on 24 March 1887.

Collins was editor of 'Ancient Classics for English Readers,' and wrote for the series the volumes on Homer's 'Iliad,' Homer's 'Odyssey,' Aristophanes, Lucian, Virgil, Plautus, Terence, Cicero, Livy, and Thucydides. His other works are:
 * 1) 'The Luck of Ladysmede,' London, 1860, 8vo.
 * 2) 'The Education Question,' London, 1863, 8vo.
 * 3) 'Etoniana Ancient and Modern; being notes of the History and Traditions of Eton College,' London, 1866, 8vo.
 * 4) 'The Public Schools: Winchester, Westminster, Shrewsbury. Harrow, Rugby: notes of their History and Traditions,' London, 1867, 8vo.
 * 5) 'Montaigne,' in Mrs. Oliphant's 'Foreign Classics for English Readers,' 1870.
 * 6) 'Butler,' a biography and an analysis of his works, in Dr. William Knight's 'Philosophical Classics for English Readers,' 1881.
 * 7) 'La Fontaine and other French Fabulists,' in 'Foreign Classics.' 1882.

 COLLINSON, JAMES (1825?–1881), painter, born at Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, about 1825, was the son of a bookseller. He entered the Royal Academy School, and was also a fellow-student with Holman Hunt and Dante Gabriel Rossetti. He did not give much


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Collinson have been tantamount to the discovery of the North-west passage, had this not been already actually achieved by the men of the Investigator. In recognition of the good work which he had performed, the Royal Geographical Society awarded Collinson its gold medal in 1858; but he had expected some official reward, and was much mortified by the scanty acknowledgment his service received. He never again applied for employment under the admiralty, though he acted on commissions on the naval defence of the Canadian lakes, and of the United Kingdom generally.

He attained his flag in 1862; became a vice-admiral in 1869, and admiral, on the retired list, in 1875, in which year he was also made a K.C.B. In 1857 he settled at Ealing, and there, in the society of his mother and sisters, he spent the remainder of his life. In 1862 he was elected an elder brother of the Trinity House, and in 1875 to be deputy-master, an appointment rarely conferred on an officer of the royal navy. He was an active fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, serving for many years on its council, and assisting in 1871 in editing the 'Hints to Travellers.' He also edited for the Hakluyt Society 'The Three Voyages of Martin Frobisher in Search of a Passage to Cathaia' (1867), and contributed in 1862 'Three Weeks in Canada' to Mr. Francis Galton's 'Vacation Tourists.' To the last, too, he took a great interest in the local affairs of his neighbourhood, with which he had closely identified himself, serving as churchwarden, on the local board, or in other offices of the parish and district. He died on 13 Sept. 1883 at Ealing, and was buried at the adjacent hamlet of Perivale, where a monument to his memory has been erected by subscription.

 COLLINSON, SEPTIMUS, D.D. (1739–1827), provost of Queen's College, Oxford, seventh son of Joseph and Agnes Collinson, was born at Gotree, near Huntsonby, Cumberland, on 11 Sept. 1739. He was brought up at Great Musgrave, Westmoreland, where his parents had purchased a small estate. He began his studies at Appleby grammar school, and then removed to Queen's College, Oxford, graduating B.A. in 1763 and M.A. in 1767 (Cat. of Oxford Graduates, ed. 1851, p. 142). In 1778 he was presented to the rectories of Dowlish Wake and Dowlish West, Somersetshire. He graduated B.D. in 1792, and D.D. in 1793. For some years he was one of the city lecturers at Oxford. In 1794 he accepted the college living of Holwell, Dorsetshire, but remained there only about two years, as in 1796 he was appointed provost of Queen's College on the death of Dr. Fothergill. In 1798 he obtained the Margaret professorship of divinity, to which is annexed a prebend of Worcester Cathedral. His lectures on the Thirty-nine Articles, though much admired at the time of their delivery, have never been printed. He was a frequent preacher before the university. He died at the college lodge on 24 Jan. 1827.

 COLLIS, JOHN DAY (1816–1879), educational writer, son of the Rev. Robert Fitzgerald Collis, prebendary of Kilconnell, co. Galway, by Maria, daughter of Edward Bourke of Nun's Island, Galway, was born 24 Feb. 1816, and, after being educated at Rugby 1832–4 under Dr. Arnold, entered Merton College, Oxford, as a postmaster in the latter year. In 1835 he became Eaton scholar of Worcester College, proceeding B.A. 1836, M.A. 1841, and B.D. and D.D. 1860. He was elected to a fellowship at his college, and gained the Kennicott, and Pusey and Ellerton Hebrew scholarships, 1839–41. Having been nominated to the head-mastership of Bromsgrove in December 1842, that school, through his indomitable energy, grew to be one of the best educational establishments in England. The tercentenary of the grammar school was celebrated on 31 March 1853. In 1856, through his exertions, the chapel was built at a cost of 1,500l., and new school rooms were erected and the old buildings enlarged and improved at a cost of 5,000l. He was nominated an honorary canon of Worcester Cathedral in 1854, and in 1856 was offered, but declined, the colonial bishopric of Grafton and Armidale. From 1863 to 1865 he held the Grinfield lectureship on the Septuagint at Oxford. His connection with Bromsgrove was severed in 1867 by his appointment to the vicarage of Stratford-on-Avon. During his incumbency Stratford church was restored and improved, and he completed the formation of the water terrace in the churchyard. He was the founder and first warden of Trinity College school at Stratford, 27 Jan. 1872. He married first, 18 June 1846, Josephine Martha, eldest daughter of John Chatfield Tyler of Kingswood, Gloucestershire, who died 16 Oct. 1868; and secondly, 11 Oct. 1871, Elizabeth, daughter of Edward Castleman of Chettle, Dorsetshire, and widow of Rear-admiral Douglas Curry


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 of Shottery Hall, Stratford-on-Avon. Collis died at Shottery Hall 1 April 1879, and was buried in the Bromsgrove cemetery on 4 April. He was the author of: 1. ‘The Chief Rules of Greek Accentuation,’ 1849. 2. ‘Exercises and Examination Papers,’ 1851. 3. ‘The Chief Tenses of Latin Irregular Verbs,’ 1854, thirty-four editions. 4. ‘Ordination and other Sermons,’ 1854 and 1869. 5. ‘The Chief Tenses of Greek Irregular Verbs,’ 1855, thirty-four editions. 6. ‘Praxis Græca,’ three parts, 1855–6, many editions. 7. ‘Praxis Latina,’ 1856. 8. ‘Praxis Iambica,’ 1857, seven editions. 9. ‘Tirocinium Gallicum,’ 1857, four editions. 10. ‘Historical Notes on the Parish Church of St. John the Baptist, Bromsgrove,’ 1859. 11. ‘Pontes Classici,’ No. I. A Stepping-stone from the beginning of Latin Grammar to Cæsar, 1860; and No. II. A Stepping-stone from the beginning of Greek Grammar to Xenophon, 1860. 12. ‘Ponticulus Latinus, the History of Rome to the Destruction of Carthage,’ 1860. 13. ‘Ponticulus Græcus, Exercises from the Greek Testament, Æsop, and Xenophon,’ 1860. 14. ‘Praxis Gallica,’ 1864. 15. ‘Praxis Latina Primaria,’ 1867. 16. ‘German Card of Irregular Verbs,’ 1875. 17. ‘Pontes Latini,’ eleventh edition, 1878. 18. ‘Pontes Græci,’ 1879. 19. ‘The History of Bromsgrove School.’

 COLLOP, JOHN (fl. 1660), royalist writer, whose name bears the letters M.D. on the title-page of his books, although we have been unable to trace him to any university, was the author of the following works:— 1. ‘Poesis rediviva, or Poesie reviv'd’ (London, 1656), a collection of short poems and epigrams dedicated to Henry Pierrepont, marguis of Dorchester. Much of the verse is directed against the puritan sectaries; some treats of the author's friends or leaders, like Dr. Field, Ussher, Chillingworth, and Hammond. The songs scattered through the volume show some lyrical capacity. 2. ‘Medici Catholicon, or a Catholick Medicine for the Diseases of Charitie, by J. C., M.D.,’ London, 1656; an interesting plea for universal toleration in religion. This work was reissued in 1667 with the new title ‘Charity commended, or a Catholick Christian soberly instructed.’ The author's initials appeared here. 3. ‘Itur (sic) Satyricum, in Loyall Stanzas,’ London, 1660; a short poem welcoming the Restoration.

 COLLYER, JOSEPH, the elder (d. 1776), compiler and translator was probably the son of Joseph Collyer, a bookseller, who from 1704 till his death (1724) was treasurer of the Stationers’ Company. He edited the translation of Klopstock's ‘Messiah,’ made by his wife, Mary Collyer [q. v.], and was himself the author of: 1. A translation of Bodmer's ‘Noah,’ 1767. 2. ‘A New System of Geography,’ in conjunction with Fenning and others. 3. ‘History of England from the Invasion of Julius Cæsar to the calling of the Parliament in l774,’ 14 vols. London, 1774–5, 12mo. 4. ‘The History of Lady Sophia Sternheim,' translated from the German. He died on 20 Feb. 1778. His son Joseph [q. v.] became a celebrated engraver.

 COLLYER, JOSEPH (1748–1827), the younger, engraver, born in London on 14 Sept. 1748, was the son of (d. 1776) [q. v.] and (d. 1763) [q. v.] Joseph Collyer, the son, studied for a short time under the engraver Anthony Walker, and applied himself to book illustrations with success. He attracted the notice of [q. v.], and was employed to make an engraving after David Teniers. In 1761 he received a premium from the Society of Arts; about nine years later he entered the Royal Academy, where he exhibited for the first time in 1770. He was admitted as a student in 1771. Sir Joshua Reynolds allowed Collyer to reproduce two of his paintings, ‘Venus’ and ‘Una,’ both engraved in the chalk manner. One of his large plates, published in 1784, was ‘The Volunteers of Ireland' after F. Wheatley. In 1786 he was elected an associate engraver, and appointed engraver to Queen Charlotte. In 1815 he was master warden of the Stationers’ Company. Among his engraved portraits may be mentioned those of the Princess of Wales and the Princess Charlotte (1799); George, duke of Montagu (1793); Sir Charles Grey, K.B. (1797); Sir Joseph Banks (1789); Kien Long, emperor of China (1796); Thomas Newton, bishop of Bristol; Miss Palmer (1785); William Whitehead (1787); Paul Whitehead (1776); and Sir William Young. Collyer also engraved the illustrations to Hervey's ‘Naval History,' besides several plates after Rooker. He last exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1822, and died on 24 Dec. 1827.


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 COLNAGHI, DOMINIC PAUL (1790–1879), print dealer and connoisseur, eldest son of Paul Colnaghi [q. v.] (or more properly Colnago), and Elizabeth Baker, his wife, was born in London on 15 July 1790. He entered business early in life, and succeeded his father as the head of the firm of Paul and Dominic Colnaghi in 1833. For many years under his sway the house in 14 Pall Mall East formed a well-known art centre, it being frequented by peers and members of parliament, so that the intermingling of politicians with artists and literary men gave the large room in the season the appearance of a club. Colnaghi's knowledge of prints and taste in art were very great. He had a European reputation, and was held in high esteem by collectors and officials. He was also a connoisseur in ancient armour, and was the original possessor of a large portion of the Meyrick collection. He married Miss Katherine Pontet in 1832. She died on 21 Nov. 1881. Colnaghi retired from business about 1865 and spent the remaining years of his life in quiet leisure. He died at his residence, 62 Margaret Street, Cavendish Square, on 19 Dec. 1879, and was buried in Brompton cemetery. He left two sons, the eldest of whom, Dominic Ellis Colnaghi, was appointed English consul-general at Florence on 24 Feb. 1881. There is an engraved portrait of Colnaghi after Brocky. A sale of ancient and modern engravings, books on art, autographs, portraits, &c., took place at Christie's on 2 April 1879.

 COLNAGHI, PAUL (1751–1833), print dealer, was born, probably in Milan, in 1751. His father, Dr. Martino Colnago, a distingished Milanese lawyer, died about 1770-5, leaving his estate in a very embarrassed condition. His mother's name was Ippolita Raggi. Paul having, in union with his elder brother, settled his father's affairs, left Italy soon afterwards to seek his fortune in France. After undergoing various vicissitudes he became the Paris agent of Signer Torre, the well-known London printseller of the day, with whom he finally entered into partnership, and the firm of Torre was merged in the house of Paul and Dominic Colnaghi & Co. He now became a naturalised Englishman, and married Maria Elizabeth Baker, who was a family connection of Captain Thomas Coram. He died on 26 Aug. 1833. There exist of him a portrait drawn on stone by Edward Morton from a drawing by Raphael Smith (1800), a medallion engraved by R. Easton after a bust of Danlau (1833), and a drawing by Charles Turner.

 COLOMIÈS or COLOMESIUS, PAUL (1638–1692), librarian, was born at La Rochelle on 2 Dec. 1638. His father, Jean, was a doctor of repute; his grandfather, a minister of the reformed religion, was descended from a family of Béarn, settled in La Rochelle. He was sent at the age of sixteen to the academy of Saumur for the usual courses of study in philosophy and history. Cappel taught him Hebrew. He went to Paris in 1664, and became acquainted with Isaac Vossius, who took him to Holland. Here he lived twelve months and brought out 'Gallia Orientalis' (1665), his first and most useful work, dealing with the lives and writings of Frenchmen who had distinguished themselves in Hebrew and oriental studies. The original project included Belgian, German, English, and other sections; 'Italia et Hispania Orientalis ' was a posthumous publication. He returned to La Rochelle, where he remained until 1681, and wrote several books. He then came to England, visited Vossius, who had been a resident since 1670, and had become canon of Windsor, and he obtained the post of reader in the French Anglican church established by Peter Allix [q. v.] Among the Tanner manuscripts in the Bodleian Library is a letter from Colomiès to Sancroft, dated from Lambeth, 25 Feb. 1684-5, and another in the same collection to Cave on 15 Nov. 1686, complaining of not finding employment in the church of England. His constant friend Vossius had introduced him to the archbishop, who collated him to the rectory of Eynesford in Kent on 18 Nov. 1687, and who had previously made him librarian or perhaps assistant to Wharton, the first librarian at Lambeth. Colomiès, however, distinctly styles himself 'Bibliothecae Lambethanae curator' on one of his title-pages. He retired on the deprivation of Sancroft in 1690, and Wharton still retained the office. One authority states that 'as librarian he left behind him no mark' (, Lambeth Palace, 1883, pp. 101-2), but H. J. Todd (Cat. of the Archiep. MSS. in the Library at Lambeth Palace, 1812, p. x) mentions as still existing a written 'Catalogue of [the Printed] Books in the Lambeth Library by Paul Colomesius,' and says, 'This proof, however, of Colomesius's diligence adds weight to the refutation of the charge [of indulging their ease and of taking as little trouble as possible] brought against him and his predecessors by Dr. Wilkins.' He was naturalised in 1688 (Lists of Foreign Protestants, 1618-88, ed. by W. D. Cooper, Camden Soc. p. 54). While in England he published some books which brought upon him much obloquy from Jurieu and others. He was on the point of going to Germany