text:
Page:PhilipK.Hitti-SyriaAShortHistory.djvu/10

 PLACE IN HISTORY

, using the term in its old, geographical sense, occupies a unique place in the annals of the world. Especially because of the inclusion of Palestine and Phoenicia within its ancient boundaries, it has made a more significant contribution to the moral and spiritual progress of mankind than any other comparable land. Small as it appears on a map or a globe, its historical importance is boundless, its influence universal.

As the cradle of Judaism and the birthplace of Christianity it originated two of the great monotheistic religions and prompted the rise and development of the third and last—Islam. The soul of the Christian, the Moslem and the Jew—wherever he may be—turns to some sacred spot in Syria for religious inspiration. Every thoughtful Western man can trace some of his most fundamental values and beliefs to that ancient land.

Closely associated with its religious contribution was the ethical message southern Syria—Palestine—conveyed. Its people were the first to insist that man is created in the image of God and that each is the brother of every other man under God's fatherhood. This doctrine supplied the basis of the democratic way of life. They were the first to emphasize the supremacy of spiritual values and to believe in the ultimate triumph of the forces of righteousness, and thereby they became the moral teachers of mankind.

Not only did the early Syrians furnish the ancient world with its finest and highest thought but they implemented it with the provision of those simple-looking magic-working signs, called alphabet, through which most of the major literatures of the world are preserved. No invention compares in importance with that of the alphabet, developed Rh


text: Page:PhilipK.Hitti-SyriaAShortHistory.djvu/16

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: Page:PhilipK.Hitti-SyriaAShortHistory.djvu/17


text: Page:PhilipK.Hitti-SyriaAShortHistory.djvu/50


text: Page:PhilipK.Hitti-SyriaAShortHistory.djvu/51


text: Page:PhilipK.Hitti-SyriaAShortHistory.djvu/82


text: Page:PhilipK.Hitti-SyriaAShortHistory.djvu/83


text: Page:PhilipK.Hitti-SyriaAShortHistory.djvu/188


text: Page:PhilipK.Hitti-SyriaAShortHistory.djvu/189


text: Page:PhilipK.Hitti-SyriaAShortHistory.djvu/254


text: Page:PhilipK.Hitti-SyriaAShortHistory.djvu/255


text: Page:PhilipK.Hitti-SyriaAShortHistory.djvu/268


text:
Page:Triangles of life, and other stories.djvu/76

64 Now the Higginses had a little old-fashioned suite (I'd describe it if I had time, though it wasn't called a "suite," but a "set of cheers an' sofy," or something, when they got it) that had been sewn up in covers and stowed away in the spare room—to make room for the ironing—and regularly unsewn, dusted, and cleaned every spring for ten years or more, and sewn up and stowed again, and was little the worse for its twenty years or so of want of air and human society. It was bought before Lizzie was born. Now Lizzie had told Billy not to buy a suite just yet, so one night, while Billy was away, and with the connivance of one or two neighbour cronies, the new old furniture was carried down, and set out in the freshly-cleaned front parlour of Billy's cottage, where it was discovered by Billy early in the morning, greatly to his surprise, and to his eternal gratitude thereafter, in spite of what came later. But to Lizzie it was nothing in particular, for she had known it all along.

"They be just like startin' as Higgins an' me started, an' meant to keep on," old Mrs. Higgins was heard to say, with a momentary evanishment of the twinkle, I should think. I wonder if she and the old man talked it over that night, and by a dying fire, and by their lonely old selves. I wonder. Yes, I wonder. As they started, and meant to keep on.

They went across the fields to the little grey old composite church—whose repairs looked older than itself, with their filled-in and mended and shored-up cracks—and got married. Or, Lizzie married Billy.


text:
Page:Triangles of life, and other stories.djvu/184

172 it was on the floor; the boy and the pillow were nearly off, too.

The father fixed him as comfortably as possible, and put some chairs by the sofa to keep him from rolling off. He noticed that somebody had started to scrub this room, and left it. He listened at the door of the third room for a few moments to the breathing within; then he opened it and gently walked in. There was an old-fashioned four-poster cedar bedstead, a chest of drawers, and a baby's cradle made out of a gin-case. The woman was fast asleep. She was a big, strong, and healthy-looking woman, with dark hair and strong, square features. There was a plate, a knife and fork, and egg-shells, and a cup and saucer on the top of the chest of drawers; also two candles, one stuck in a mustard tin, and one in a pickle bottle, and a copy of Ardath.

He stepped out into the skillion, and lifted some harness on to its pegs from chaff-bags in the corner. Coming in again, he nearly stumbled over a bucket half-full of dirty water on the floor, with a scrubbing brush, some wet rags, and half a bar of yellow soap beside it. He put these things in the bucket, and carried it out. As he passed through the first room the sick boy said—

"I couldn't lift the saddle of the harness on to the peg, father. I had to leave the scrubbing to make some tea and cook some eggs for mother, and put baby to bed, and then I felt too bad to go on with the scrubbing—and I forgot about the bucket."

"Did the baby have any tea, sonny?"


text:
Page:Triangles of life, and other stories.djvu/114

 City Road, for a day or two, until we had time to look round.

We hadn't been allowed to land at Teneriffe, on account of the plague in Australia, so the custom officers weren't strict. I got on with them all right. You get tobacco cheap at Teneriffe.

We took the train from the Albert Docks to Fenchurch Street, third class, and the worst accommodation I ever experienced. We came over London East, but I was too knocked out to take much notice of it. A wilderness of houses, where you might easily get bushed. The first difference that struck me was the absence of awnings and verandahs.

At Fenchurch Street I said good-bye to my chum of the voyage. He was a lanky Victorian, from West Australia last. He must have been near seven feet. I thought I was the tallest man on board until a couple of days after King George's Sound (he'd been down sea-sick), when I came on deck one morning and saw him standing by the rail. By way of introduction I went and stood back-to-back with him. He grinned. " That's nothing," he said, " there's some terribly tall fellows where I come from." He came from Bendigo way, in Victoria. He was of a type of bushman that I always liked—the sort that seem to get more good-natured the longer they grow; yet are hard-knuckled, and would accommodate a man who wanted to fight, or thrash a bully, in a good-natured way. He wore a good-humoured grin at all times, and was nearly always carrying somebody's baby about, or making tea at the galley for some of the women, or cadging extras


text:
Author:Philip Lake

Works

 * (Geology)
 * (Geology)
 * (Geology)
 * (Geology)
 * (Geology)
 * (in part)
 * (Geology)
 * (Geology)
 * (Geology)
 * (Geology)
 * (Geology)
 * (Geology - in part)
 * I. (Geology - in part)
 * (Geology)
 * (Physical Geography)
 * (Geology)
 * (Geology)
 * (Geology)

title: Author:Philip Lake


text:
Page:Triangles of life, and other stories.djvu/115

 for them. He'd been "doin' a bit of diggin' in West Australia." "The West was dead," he said, and there was nothing doing in the Eastern colonies, so far as he could hear; he'd made a "few quid," and had made up his mind to take a run across to 'South Africa and have a look round. I was glad to see him still on board after Cape Town. "I was just beginning to feel at home on the ship," he explained, " so I thought I might just as well go right on and have a look at London and the Paris Exhibition. You see I booked right through, and I mightn't get the chance again. I can have a look round South Africa just as well coming back; and things will be more settled there then."

The fare from Australia to England by the Cape was the same as by Suez, because of competition, but the fare to the Cape was only a pound less; so many booked right through who'd only intended to go to the Cape. This led to trouble over selling and transferring tickets in South Africa.

When I ran against the Victorian at Fenchurch Street he looked the same as ever, and grinned his broadest grin of good nature. He'd stuck to his soft felt hat, and wore a comfortable sac suit of grey saddle tweed—such as you, Jack, wear on Sundays. He had on a white shirt, though it was a hot day, and, out of respect for a strange country, he had buttoned his waistcoat. He had sewn a pocket inside that waistcoat for his money.

"I've just heard of a cheap boardin'-house," he said, " where they don't pop it on too stiff, and a man can get a square feed. I'll stay and knock round


text:
Page:The Time Machine (1st edition).djvu/143

Rh of my ignorance of their ways of thinking and possible actions came home to me very vividly in the darkness. I shouted at them as loudly as I could. They started away from me, and then I could feel them approaching me again. They clutched at me more boldly, whispering odd sounds to each other. I shivered violently and shouted again, rather discordantly. This time they were not so seriously alarmed and made a queer laughing noise as they came toward me again.

"I will confess I was horribly frightened. I determined to strike another match and escape under its glare. Eking it out with a scrap of paper from my pocket, I made good my retreat to the narrow tunnel. But hardly had I entered this when my light was blown out, and I could hear them in the blackness rustling like wind among leaves and pattering like the rain, as they hurried after me.

"In a moment I was clutched by


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography. Sup. Vol III (1901).djvu/192

, 1885, 4to). In 1894 he retired from his professorship, and in 1895 was presented with his portrait, painted by Sir George Reid. He was made D.D. of St. Andrews in 1862, and honorary LL.D. of Glasgow in 1892. He divided his later years between his house at Gowan Park, near Brechin, and 56 South Street, St Andrews. He died at St. Andrews on 22 March 1899, and was buried in Brechin cathedral churchyard. He married, in 1852, the eldest daughter of Michael Johnstone of Archbank, near Moffat, and was survived by three sons and four daughters.

Mitchell published: 1. ‘The Westminster Confession of Faith,’ 1866, 8vo; 3rd ed. 1867. 2. ‘The Wedderburns and their Work,’ 1867, 4to. 3. ‘Minutes of the Westminster Assembly’ (with Dr. John Struthers), 1874, 8vo. 4. ‘The Westminster Assembly’ (Baird Lectures), London, 1883, 8vo; new edit. Philadelphia, 1895. 5. ‘Catechisms of the Church of Scotland,’ Edinburgh, 1886, 8vo. 6. ‘The Scottish Reformation,’ ed. D. Hay Fleming, with biographical sketch by Dr. James Christie, London, 1900, 8vo. Mitchell also edited for the Scottish Text Society the ‘Richt Vey to Heuine,’ by John Gau [q. v. Suppl.], in 1888, and the ‘Gude and Godlie Ballatis’ from the 1567 version in 1897. For the Scottish Historical Society he edited in 1892 and 1896 two volumes of ‘The Records of the Commissions of the General Assembly,’ 1646–50. He also published an edition of Archbishop Hamilton's ‘Catechism’ (1882), and three lectures at St. Giles's, Edinburgh (St. Giles's Lectures, 1st ser. No. 4, 4th ser. No. 1, and 6th ser. No. 8). Of his numerous contributions to periodical literature and encyclopædias a list of the most important is given in Dr. Christie's memoir (pp. xxvi–xxvii).

[Mitchell's Works in Brit. Mus. Libr.; Dr. Christie's biogr. sketch prefixed to the Scottish Reformation, 1900; A. K. H. Boyd's Twenty-five Years of St. Andrews, i. 22, ii. 221; Mrs. Oliphant's Memoir of Principal Tulloch, p. 7; Knight's Principal Shairp and his Friends; Who's Who, 1899; Times, 23 March 1899; English Hist. Review, January 1901.]  MITCHELL, PETER (1824–1899), Canadian politician, was born of Scottish parents at Newcastle in the county of Northumberland, New Brunswick, on 24 Jan. 1824. Educated at the county grammar school, he studied law and was called to the bar of the province of New Brunswick in 1848. He practised his profession for four years, and then entered into partnership with a Mr. Hawe in the business of lumbering and shipbuilding. In 1858 he was elected to the assembly as member for his native county, and, two years later, became minister in the cabinet of Samuel Leonard Tilley [q. v.] He was called to the New Brunswick legislative council in 1860.

Mitchell took no part in the Charlottetown conference of 1864, whose object was a union of the maritime provinces only. But when in the same year the larger scheme of uniting British America arose, he attended the meeting at Quebec (10 Oct.) as delegate of his province, and assisted in drawing up the basis of confederation known as the Quebec resolutions. On the delegates' return the government of (Sir) Samuel Leonard Tilley [q. v.] submitted the plan to the popular vote, and was defeated by a large majority (1865). Albert Smith then formed a cabinet whose element of cohesion was opposition to confederation. Shortly afterwards Lieutenant-governor Gordon, who had himself opposed the measure, received instructions to forward the movement. For this purpose he called Mitchell to his assistance, and a line of action was taken which, however necessary in the circumstances, can scarcely be considered constitutional to-day. On 8 March 1866 Gordon addressed the houses and declared in favour of union. During the negotiations and debates that ensued, so many supporters deserted the ministers that they resigned in a body (13 April). Mitchell was thereupon asked to form a cabinet on the basis of confederation. He became himself premier and president of the council, while Tilley took office as provincial secretary. Dissolving the assembly, he forthwith appealed to the people. The moment was well chosen, for the fenian invasion of the frontier had demonstrated the need of consolidating British America. The real issue at the polls thus became confederation or annexation to the United States. Mitchell triumphed by a vote of nearly four to one.

A short session followed, the house sitting from 26 June till 7 July. The legislature was content to vote confidence in the ministry and leave their course of action 'unfettered by any expression of opinion other than what had been given by the people and their representatives.' In the final confederation conference which took place at Westminster on 4 Dec. 1866, the New Brunswick delegates had, therefore, a free hand. They made use of it to obtain concessions that gratified the province: a representation of twelve members in the dominion senate and fifteen in the dominion House of Commons; a reservation of export duties in


text:
Wikileaks release of 'Who: Zabid Zahir'

WHO: ZABID ZAHIR

WHAT: DETAINED BY ODA PARTNERED ANP FORCE; TRANSFERRED TO US CONTROL. ZABID ZAHIR IS A HIG COMMANDER FOR THE SHERZAD DISTRICT AND HAS SIGNIFICANT TIES TO WEAPONS AND EQUIPMENT SMUGGLING IN THE WESTERN NANGARHAR PROVINCE. ZABID ZAHIR IS ALSO SUSPECTED OF SMUGGLING FIGHTERS INTO THE AREA USING HIS COMPOUND AS A TRANSIENT POINT. HE IS REPORTED TO SUPPLY WEAPONS, IED&apos;&apos;S AND FUND INS OPERATIONS IN THE PROVINCE..

WHEN: 270030ZDEC07

WHERE: //MGRS: 42S WC 881 891 // SHERZAD DISTRICT, NANGARHAR PROVINCE, AF

WHY: HIS CAPTURE WILL HAVE SOME POLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE AS HIS SON IS A FAIRLY INFLUENTIAL PROVINCIAL COUNCIL MEMBER; HOWEVER, HIS CAPTURE WILL ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY DISRUPT INS OPERATIONS IN WESTERN NANGARHAR. ZABID ZAHIR&apos;&apos;S CAPTURE AND SUBSEQUENT INTERROGATIONS MAY YIELD VALUABLE AND ACTIONABLE INTELLIGENCE ON WEAPONS PROCUREMENT, INS OPERATIONS AND THE FACILITATION NETWORK IN WESTERN NANGARHAR. HIS CAPTURE WILL PROVIDE VALUABLE INTELLIGENCE ON INS INFRASTRUCTURE, LOCATIONS AND TACTICS AND IED CELLS IN THE PROVINCE.

ENDSTATE/EFFECTS: THE CAPTURE OF ZABID ZAHIR WILL DISRUPT INS OPERATIONS IN WESTERN NANGARHAR.

THE ODA HAS BEEN WORKING ON IDENTIFYING ZABID ZAHIRS PATTERN OF LIFE THROUGH ITS SOURCE NETWORK. ONCE HIS PATTERN OF LIFE WAS DETERMINED AND THE THREAT MINIMIZED, THE ANP PLANNED AND CONDUCTED AN OPERATION TO CONDUCT A CORDON AND SEARCH OF HIS COMPOUND. THE TRIGGER FOR THIS SEARCH WAS SPECIAL REPORTS INDICATING MUNITIONS BEING STORED IN HIS COMPOUND. ALTHOUGH NO MUNITIONS WERE RECOVERED, THE DETACHMENT HAS OVER 15 CONTACTS AND OVER 25 PAGES OF REPORTING ON HIS INS ACTIVITIES. THE ODA REMAINED IN CONSTANT COMMUNICATION WITH THE ANP ELEMENT WHEN THEY MOVED TO DETAIN THE TARGET ENSURING THE ANP RELAYED INFORMATION UPDATING THE ODA. WHILE THE ANP WERE MANEUVERING TO CAPTURE THE TARGET, THE ODA WAS STAGED TO RESPOND AS A QRF IN THE EVENT THAT THE ANP BECAME DECISIVELY ENGAGED. FOLLOWING HIS ARREST, ZABID ZAHIR NOOR WAS TRANSPORTED TO THE DETACHMENTS DETENTION FACILITY.

Report key: 1B8F2D4E-09BC-4BD3-A117-ED876C62A853

Tracking number: 2008-001-091858-0296

Attack on: FRIEND

Complex attack: FALSE

Reporting unit: CJTF-82

Unit name: CJTF-82

Type of unit: None Selected

Originator group: UNKNOWN

Updated by group: UNKNOWN

MGRS: 42SWC8809989100

CCIR:

Sigact:

DColor: BLUE

title: Wikileaks release of 'Who: Zabid Zahir'


title: Category:PD-posthumous-25


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Galago

title: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Galago


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography. Sup. Vol II (1901).djvu/94

 which appeared in 1892 under the editorship of his brother, Major-general John North Crealock (1837–1895). The book,which is profusely illustrated from Crealock's drawings, may be considered the most ample and authoritative work on this subject. He was himself an enthusiastic follower of the sport and possessed a thorough knowledge of every detail in regard to it. He died in London, before the book was entirely completed, on 31 May 1891, at his residence, 20 Victoria Square.

CREIGHTON, MANDELL (1843–1901), scholar, historian, and bishop successively of Peterborough and London, was the eldest son of Robert Creighton of Carlisle, and Sarah, daughter of Thomas Mandell of Bolton, Cumberland. He was born in Carlisle on 5 July 1843, and was educated first at the cathedral school in that town, afterwards as a scholar at the grammar school, Durham, at the time under the control of Dr. Holden. In 1862 he gained a postmastership at Merton College, Oxford, and commenced residence at the university in the autumn of the same year. As an undergraduate he threw himself vigorously into the social life of the college, rowed in the college boat, and made many friends. He had no taste for sport, but took long walks, played whist, and conversed freely with all sorts and conditions of men. His religious opinions were those of a high churchman, his political views those of a moderate liberal. While enjoying to the full the varied interests of university life, he read hard and steadily, and his diligence was rewarded by a first class in 'moderations,' a first in the final school of literæ humaniores, and a second in law and history—the last gained on six months' reading. In December 1866 he was elected a fellow of Merton, and in 1867 he was admitted to the B.A. degree. Shortly afterwards he became a tutor of his college, and settled down to academic life as a 'don.'

He soon became the leading spirit of the college common-room, and one of the most influential of the younger tutors in the university. Among his pupils were the Duke of Albany, with whom he became intimate, and Lord Randolph Churchill, in whom he early discerned the promise of political success. After lecturing for a short time for 'greats,' he devoted himself to historical work, and lectured chiefly on ecclesiastical, Italian, and Byzantine history. It was largely due to his initiative, in combination with Mr. Laing (of Corpus) and Mr. Shadwell (of Oriel), that the Intercollegiate system of lectures in history was established at Oxford. In 1870 Creighton was ordained; he took priest's orders in 1873. In 1872 he married Louise von Glehn, youngest daughter of Robert von Glehn, a London merchant, who came from Reval in the Russian Baltic provinces. In order to retain him as fellow and tutor, Merton passed a special statute enabling four of their fellows who held office to marry. He was therefore under no pressure to withdraw from college life; and, had he remained at Oxford, success and distinction were within his reach. But he desired to gain experience of clerical and especially parochial work, and he wished for leisure and quiet in order to carry on his historical studies. He accordingly accepted the college living of Embleton, on the coast of Northumberland, and in March 1875 left the academic stir of Oxford for what many of his friends regarded as the banishment of a remote country village.

The parish of Embleton is large in area and contains a scattered population of about sixteen hundred; there are four schools and many small villages in it. It was therefore no light task which he had undertaken; but he threw himself into it with great energy, and discharged his parochial duties with devotion and success. He made a point of knowing every one in the parish, and won the confidence of his Northumbrian parishioners, who consulted him on all sorts of occasions. He instituted services in two of the more distant villages. He preached twice a Sunday simple ethical discourses, dealing little with dogma, but stimulating and suggestive, salted with a shrewdness which appealed forcibly to his north-country audience. In fact, whether in private or in the pulpit, he spoke to his people not only as a clergyman but as a man of affairs. He soon became intimate with the leading families of the neighbourhood, especially with the Greys of Howick and Fallodon. As guardian of the poor, and chairman of the board for his union, he regularly attended the conferences of the poor-law unions of the four northern counties, and read several papers on educational questions. He was also (from 1877) chairman of the school attendance committee, and (from 1879) rural dean of Alnwick, in which town he frequently gave lectures on historical or literary subjects. When the diocese of Newcastle was founded (in 1881) he took a prominent part in its organisation,


text:
Meeting with Dep Gov Alizai and Provincial Council members

=Meeting with Dep Gov Alizai and Provincial Council members.=

Attendees: Dep Gov, NDS Dep Chief, ANP Chief, PCC chief, STB CDR, PRT CDR, STB S2, and 8 members of the PC (about 50%)

Background: PRT and STB were involved with three consecutive days of meetings involving the capture/arrest of Zabid Zahir by ODA. The day following the arrest, PRT CDR received a call from UNAMA Chief of Office regarding a meeting with the Provincial Council in which the PC proclaimed that they had lost their patience with the ANSF and Coalition Forces regarding the conduct of night raids and arrests, especially recent incidents involving PC members (a PC members home was searched during a recent CN operation in Achin). The PC claimed that unless they were provided guarantees from the provincial government and coalition forces against these operations, they had planned to call a news conference on 30 Dec and announce the resignation of the entire council. I contend that the entire situation is directly connected to the recent arrest of influential Sherzad elder, Zabid Zahir, father of PC member Tahir Omar. The day after Zahirs capture, 10 Sherzad elders met with PRT &amp; STB CDRs and ODA to discuss the arrest. The following day the ten Sherzad Elders met with the Dep Gov to register their complaints and concerns with Zahirs arrest and detention. The Dep Gov also met with the PC and listened to their concerns and potential resignation.

Update: Today PRT and STB CDRs met with the Dep Gov and PC to discuss the situation. Although the PC (PC Chairman, Muslimyar was the primary spokesman) claim the two incidents (Zahirs arrest and PCs concerns over recent operations in Nangarhar) arent related, its obvious that Tahir Omar is directly influencing their concern. The subject of Zahirs PUC kept coming up. Since the arrest occurred in the compound shared by Zahir and his sons (PC member Tahir Omar), the PC took that as an attack to their position and perception of importance within the province. Muslimyar quoted several items from Provincial Council Law that he said only allowed investigations of PC members by the PC Chairman. Although I have not see the law he quotes, I doubt it applies to cases of criminal activity; probably more applicable to corruption within the PCs activities. Todays meeting ended with the PC assuring the coalition and Dep Gov that they no longer were considering resignation, but this allowed them an opportunity for their concerns to be addressed. The coalition assured the PC that the CF will continue to work closely with the ANSF regarding future SOF operations and will also honor the positions that the PC hold, but this doesnt allow them to be able to act with immunity. They are held to the same standards (or higher standards) than those in their communities. R6 assured them that Nangarhar citizens must be held responsible for security in their communities and districts, and that includes Shura members and village elders. Recently I have increased the frequency of the PRT-PC meetings to twice a month and added a monthly Gov-PC meeting; I believe these events will assist in gaining better cooperation and coordination from the provincial government bodies. R6 also addressed the need to maintain the frequency of the weekly security meeting, which have lagged lately.

Report key: 3C33F3FA-98CE-4313-BC5E-1DA5CDA7A51C

Tracking number: 2007-364-152448-0653

Attack on: NEUTRAL

Complex atack: FALSE

Reporting unit: PRT JALALABAD

Unit name: PRT JALALABAD

Type of unit: None Selected

Originator group: UNKNOWN

Updated by group: UNKNOWN

MGRS: 42SXD3389011430

CCIR:

Sigact:

DColor: GREEN


text: Poems by Wilfred Owen/Strange Meeting

title: Poems by Wilfred Owen/Strange Meeting


text:
Talk:Gone From My Sight

I have seen this quote attributed to Henry Van Dyke.

title: Talk:Gone From My Sight


text:
User:7OA

Hey there! My name's Jon, and I'm likely to be more easily found at enwiki. Right now, I'm working on the United States Code pages.

title: User:7OA


text:
Page:Livingstone Popular Missionary Travels.djvu/15

 Rh

1. The Victoria Falls of the Leeambye or Zambesi River Frontispiece. 2. Mode in which the female Hippopotamus carries her Calf while young In Title-page. 3. The Missionary's Escape from the Lion To face page 1 4. The Hopo, or Trap for driving Game — 21 5. The Pit at the extremity of the Hope — 21 6. Hottentots. — Women returning from the Water and Men around a dead Hartebeest — 40 7. Lake Ngami, discovered by Oswell, Murray, and Livingstone — 46 8. New African Antelopes (Poku and Leche') — 50 9. The Tsetse 56 10. Three Lions attempting to drag down a Buffiilo — 94 11. Mopane or Bauhinia Leaves, with the Insect and its edible Secretions 111 12. Egyptian Pestle and Mortar, Sieves, Corn-vessels, and Kilt 133 13. A Batoka Hoe 135 14. A new or striped variety of Eland, found north of Sesheke .. — 145 15. The Marimba, or Musical Instrument of the Balonda 200 16. Shell, and Ornament made of its end 205 17. Kiver Scenery on the West Coast — 225 18. Seed-vessel of the Grapple-plant 233 19. Bashinje Chief's mode of wearing the Hair 246 20. Scene in Angola. — The Angolese Palanquin under a Baobab and Euphorbias — 254 21. Ancient Spinning and Weaving, pei-petuated in Africa at the present day. — From Wilkinson's 'Ancient Egyptians' 270 22. Double-handled Angola Hoe 275 23-25. Londa Ladies' modes of wearing the Hair 300,301 26. A young Man's fashion 302 27. An African Chief's notion of Dignity 318 28. Boat capsized by a Hippopotamus robbed of her young 329 29. Bashukulompo mode of wearing the Hair 365 30. Female Elephant pursued with Javelins, protecting her young 368 31. Coins of Faustina the Elder and Septimius Severus 370 32. The Travelling Procession interrupted 384 33. The Buaze 414 34. The Kumbanzo Leaves, Pods, and Seeds 417 35. Map of South Africa, showing Dr. Livingstone's Route At the end.


text: Page:Livingstone Popular Missionary Travels.djvu/4


text: Page:Livingstone Popular Missionary Travels.djvu/5


text: Page:Livingstone Popular Missionary Travels.djvu/6


text: Page:Livingstone Popular Missionary Travels.djvu/8


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Crealock, Henry Hope


text:
Page:Livingstone Popular Missionary Travels.djvu/470

 428 night he became insane. I thought at first that he was intoxicated. He had descended into a boat, and, when I attempted to go down and bring him into the ship, he ran to the stern, and said, "No! no! it is enough that I die alone. You must not perish; if you come I shall throw myself into the water." Perceiving that his mind was affected, I said, "Now, Sekwebu, we are going to Ma Robert." This struck a chord in his bosom, and he said, "O yes; where is she, and where is Robert?" and he became more composed. In the evening, however, a fresh accession of insanity occurred—he tried to spear one of the crew, then leaped overboard, and, though he could swim well, pulled himself down hand under hand, by the chain cable. We never found the body of poor Sekwebu.

At the Mauritius I was most hospitably received by Major-General C. M. Hay, who generously constrained me to remain with him till, by the influence of the good climate and quiet English comfort, I got rid of an enlarged spleen from African fever. In November I came up the Red Sea; escaped the danger of shipwreck through the admirable management of Captain Powell, of the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Company's ship "Candia;" and on the 12th of December was once more in dear old England. The Company most liberally refunded my passage-money. I have not mentioned half the favours bestowed, but I may just add that no one has cause for more abundant gratitude to his fellow-men and to his Maker than I have; and may God grant that the effect on my mind be such that I may be more humbly devoted to the service of the Author of all our mercies!


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Dunk, George Montagu


text:
Page:History of West Australia.djvu/487

 When old enough to commence his studies there were few opportunities for a boy to attend school in the settlement, so his elementary education was received from the Rev. J. Burdett Wittenoom, the first chaplain in the service of the colony. From that gentleman he obtained the foundation of a good education, which was completed at the schools which he subsequently attended. In 1851, on the 1st January, the young Australian launched out for himself, receiving an appointment in the Survey Department as junior clerk. Promotion came rapidly to Mr. Rowe and he soon rose to the onerous position of recordkeeper. In those days but little was known of the interior of the country, and the Government were anxious to obtain reliable information as to its quality and suitability for settlement. Exploring parties had ventured into the bush in various localities, but what was required was a thorough examination of the country in the region of the Murchison. A Government party was organised, and placed under the charge of that well-known explorer, Mr. F. T. Gregory, Mr. Roe being second in command, with instructions to penetrate into the little known plains to the north. The trip was attended with considerable danger, for not only were the aborigines known to be very fierce and warlike, but there was the chance if the blacks were overcome that the fearful foe, Thirst, would claim its victims. With these dangers to face, it was incumbent that the greatest discretion should be exercised in the selection of the members of the expedition. To the young record clerk the prospect of adventures to be obtained on such an expedition had an irresistible charm, and his inclusion in its ranks was greeted with delight. Another prominent member of the party was Mr. William Dalgety Moore.

The expedition started away in the spring of 1858, and steered straight for the Murchison River, which they followed for several hundreds of miles. Thence they struck across to the Gascoyne, and followed it to where Carnarvon now stands. The party were very successful in discovering good country, but were hampered in their work by the natives, who evinced a decided objection to the presence of the whites. One tribe, numbering between sixty and seventy members, were very wroth at the invasion of their territory, and attacked the party no less than three times. Their bark, however, proved worse than their bite, as their fear of the guns and horses was so great that they did not approach near enough to the party to do any harm. They followed them, however, for days and days, refusing to be dismissed, and proved a menace to the safety of any one who left the precincts of the camp. After this had been going on for several days, the blacks seemed to have worked themselves into a frantic state of excitement, and made a most determined and furious attack. They rushed on the little band with the most fiendish yells of defiance, throwing their spears, but at the first volley from the guns, which were fired over their heads, their courage evaporated; they wavered and a second volley sent them flying helter-skelter, with cries of fear, into the scrub.

It was not considered safe, however, to light a fire at night after this for fear of attracting them to the camp, and many a weary and cheerless vigil did the members of the party have to keep during the remainder of their stay in the locality.

An end comes to all things, however, be they pleasant or otherwise, and at the end of three months the work of the party was accomplished, and they were soon homeward bound to prepare the reports of their discoveries for the guidance of settlers.

Mr. Roe went back to his desk in the record office, and discharged the duties of that position until 1865, when he was gazetted as Registrar of Births, Marriages, and Deaths. In 1877 he was appointed Sheriff, and in 1886 the duties of Inspector of Prisons were added. During the time he has been associated in his official capacity with the criminal classes, he has attended no fewer than twenty-two executions. Mr. Roe, who is married to Miss Alice Stone, daughter of Mr. G. F. Stone, at one time the Attorney-General, and father of the present Mr. Justice Stone, has had a variety of experiences in the several capacities which he has from time to time filled. He has seen the Public Service grow from diminutive proportions to its present magnitude. Necessarily, many interesting incidents have been crowded into his busy official life, and when he strikes the reminiscent vein he is a charming raconteur. A keen student of human nature, his position has enabled him to study the many phases of mankind, and his graphic descriptive powers throw luminous side lights on the criminal annals of the colony.

AUGUSTUS SANFORD ROE, J.P.

F the making of books there is no end, and yet the world is sometimes left without a personal narrative of stirring and varied experiences which it would greatly prize. While professional authors inundate our libraries with imaginative works, and some ambitious writers weary their readers with trite and lifeless topics, a

title: Page:History of West Australia.djvu/487


text:
Page:History of West Australia.djvu/488

 great deal of vivid, instructive, and highly entertaining literary material is lost to view like gems in ocean depths. In other words, a great deal is written that might as well be left unsaid by men who have been too closely chained to their desks to have seen what they attempt to depict in their pages, which are often as tedious as a tired horse, lacking all the glow, the animation, and the inspiration which fire the verse of Lindsay Gordon or the prose of Whyte Melville, who have ridden their steeplechases as well as written them. The one is too often a strained mechanical performance of imperfect knowledge or sympathy with a subject; the other is native and to the manner born of participation in travels, adventures, emotions, or perils, and the difference between them is that which divides the well graced actor from the lay figure.

The man who has played many parts in the world and who has been versatile enough to play them well—parts which have taken him into many climes, which have given him many widely different views of life—is not to be excused when, on the plea of diffidence, he reserves his remarkable reminiscences for the profit and enjoyment of his private friends. The world is entitled to be invited to feast; he should publish narratives which are so full of pith and fascination. It does not suffice for him to say that he is not an author by profession; he has a subject, a moving theme, which the bookmaker of the closet very seldom has, and out of the fullness of the heart the mouth speaks. Othello, whose dearest action had been in the tented field, and who plaintively professed himself to be "rude in speech," told the story of his life, of most disastrous chances by flood and field, so well that he won the heart of the gentle Desdemona and gained the verdict of the Senators.

The changeful career of Mr. Augustus Sanford Roe, lawyer, pearler, mariner, daring exploiter of the rivers of the East, mining investor, and judge of the Supreme Court of the North-West, committed to print could not fail to gain the favourable voice of the reading public, and the writing of the interesting tale would add another to his manifold accomplishments. He should be persuaded by his friends to abjure a species of moral miserliness and give to others besides himself the pleasurable and thrilling contemplation of the hoards of his memories of many lands. To Western Australia in an especial degree he owes this duty to the community which, in divers capacities, he has been serving for nearly thirty-five years, for as the son of one of the earliest and most prominent heads of the Civil Service of the colony, he could throw a valuable and a welcome light upon matters connected with the survey and early settlement of the towns of Western Australia which have as yet found no capable historian.

Augustus Sanford Roe,. son of Captain John Septimus Roe, R.N., who was for forty-two years Surveyor-General of Western Australia, was born in Perth in 1854, and was educated at the Bishop's School, having as school mates the present Attorney-General, Mr. Bart, and the Minister of Mines, Mr. Wittenoom. On leaving that excellent academy, which had as pupils nearly all the ripe scholars and leading men of the colony, he was articled to Messrs. Stone and Son, solicitors, the then principal legal firm of the capital, and whose senior partner was the late Mr. G. F. Stone, one time Attorney General. The son, who was represented in the style and title of the firm, is the present Mr. Justice Stone, whose judicial administration has gained him general respect. Mr. Roe was admitted to the bar in 1870, and after practising his profession in Fremantle for about twelve months he went pearling on the north-west coast with his brother George. From the first they recognised that the prizes of the business were to be found in deep water, where the diving could only be done by Malays, whom they obtained regularly every year from the Netherlands Indian Archipelago, which they visited in the off season for recruiting purposes, instead of scouring as some pearlers did the shallow beaches with the aid of Australian aborigines. In the fourth year the price of pearl-shell fell so rapidly that the brothers Roe relinquished the industry, but remained at Macassar and in its vicinity, embarking among other ventures in guano, but agricultural pursuits were not then in a sufficiently forward condition to make the enterprise profitable. Again yielding to his nautical tastes, which he would appear to have inherited from his father, who had distinguished himself in the British Navy, Mr. A. S. Roe took service aboard a steamer trading to the Archipelago, studied navigation, and passed the Dutch curriculum as master. For seven years he was in charge of the steamer, taking her to all the Polynesian Islands, to Hong Kong, and to the west coast of Borneo, for copra, gutta-percha, rattan, coffee, and rice. He also navigated the rivers of Borneo, Brou, Bolongan, and Koeti in the course of these voyages, acquiring not only a familiar knowledge of the Malay language, but also an insight into the habits of that treacherous people that was to prove of great value to him later on. A life on the ocean wave at last lost its attractiveness for Mr. Roe, who contemplated marrying and settling down to the practice of his profession at Roebourne, which had been named after his father by the then Governor of the colony, the late Sir Frederick Weld. Mr. Roe married in 1887 Miss Mary Newman, daughter of the late Edward Newman, of Fremantle, and two children have been the issue of the union.

When Sittings of the Supreme Court in its criminal jurisdiction became necessary owing to the expansion of the interests of the North-West and its growing population, Mr. Roe was appointed under a Commission issued in each separate case to preside as a judge, a responsible post for which he possessed peculiar fitness. In fact it would be difficult to name another Commissioner who has so many qualifications to preside over issues of life and death in a community where murder is rife among men of colour—Malays, Chinese, coolie, and aborigines—and where it is almost impossible to obtain the services of a competent interpreter, so that a judge who was not able to follow the evidence in the native dialects would find himself seriously perplexed. The judicial functions which are so faithfully and admirably performed by Mr. Roe are with lamentable frequency called into requisition in cases of murder, of which crime no fewer than thirty prisoners have been sentenced to death by him, but the extenuating circumstances of the shedding of blood among the untamed races of such a remote part of the world as the North-West have, owing to the clemency of the Executive, saved all but seven of the culprits from the gallows. When it is remembered that if Mr. Roe's services were not available it would be necessary for one of the Supreme Court judges in the metropolitan district to allow his work to fall into arrears and travel 1,200 miles to administer justice at Roebourne, it will be seen that from every point of view, including the minor consideration of the saving of heavy expenses, the community is to be congratulated upon the admission to the bar of a capable Commissioner, and also upon his unique training for the performance of work of such vital importance for the maintenance of law and order.

When the Pilbarra Goldfields proved to be rich beyond expectation a new sphere of activity was opened up to Mr. Roe, who, as the principal legal practitioner of the district, speedily obtained a large practice in connection with mining interests. Perceiving the value of the leases which passed under his professional review he soon made large and lucrative investments in the reefs of the district with which he has been so long and so prominently identified. On

title: Page:History of West Australia.djvu/488


text: Folk-Lore/Volume 31/Review/Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan


text: Folk-Lore/Volume 31/Review/The Dendroglyphs or "Carved Trees" of New South Wales


text:
Page:Folklore1919.djvu/536

 placed at his disposal. He tells several remarkable stories, and his comments on them are judicious and conceiysd in a scientific spirit.

author states that "in the selection of subject matter, it has been his purpose to give a résumé of the conclusions arrived at by specialists in their several departments, in such a manner as to present a consecutive account of the early history of the human race. References are given in footnotes to enable the serious student to investigate the evidence for himself, and frame his own conclusion. In this way it is hoped that the book may be of value to those persons who are about to pursue a systematic course of training at the University of Oxford or London for a Diploma in Anthropology, as well as to the general reader." Mr. James is dealing with a subject on which there are numerous works of authority, but in his modest programme he seems to have been successful, and his book will be of service to those commencing the study of anthropology, and to those who are unable to consult the recognised authorities.

ERRATA p. 2, line 32—for Lan read Lau. p. 3, 1—for Hudlicka read Hedlicka. p. 4, 7—for Bulgariè read Bulgarie. 5 from bottom—for Sir Everard Thurn read Sir Everard im Thurn. p. 48, last line but two—for Knight read Kruijt. p. 60, line 10—for 59 read 55-6. p. 75, 13—for side read sides. p. 85, 22—for Hawaiin read Hawaiian. On the front page of List of Members and Officers—for Rev. E. O. James, F.R.A.I., B.G.S. read F.G.S. p. ix, line 25—for Suffley read Tuffley.

title: Page:Folklore1919.djvu/536


text:
Page:Folklore1919.djvu/260

 king, or a woman; and charms to cause the separation of husband and wife. Throughout the book the original Kiswahili text is printed on one side of the page, with an English translation opposite, and the full commentary gives numerous examples of folk-beliefs.

little volume has reached us some time after publication, but it deserves the attention of students of proverb literature. The collection contains 732 examples, printed in three columns—the first containing the Sechuana proverbs, the second a literal translation, the third parallels from European collections. “In the dark people hold to one another’s cloaks”—“Adversity makes strange bedfellows”; “The early riser alone gets it, not the late riser”—“The early bird catches the worm”; “Those who pick wild berries in the same wood do not love each other”—“Two of a trade seldom agree”; “A potter eats out of a broken dish”—“A shoemaker’s wife is never well shod.” The book shows a wide acquaintance with the literature of proverbs.

Books for Review should be addressed to Folk-Lore, c/o

title: Page:Folklore1919.djvu/260


text: Folk-Lore/Volume 31/The Language of Gesture


text:
Page:Triangles of life, and other stories.djvu/79

Rh shades of blue. Bob Cleaves was put up in the spare room for the night after Billy had exhausted the evening and a couple of neighbour cronies telling them all how he and Bob at first met in London, and the times, up and down, and the larks they had had together. One of the cronies listened in silence for an hour or so, and then clinched it—the silence—by saying, "Oh, well, what about havin' a half-pint afore bed?" Bob had been a school child with some of them, but none remembered him favourably, if at all. At the beerhouse Bob was introduced all round; and Billy had a quiet talk with him on the way back, and under the hedge, during which Bob kept saying, "Don't you bother, Billy," "I can put up anywheres," "You always were bothering about me," "I tell you I'll be alright," etc., etc.

That night there was a whispered consultation between Billy and Lizzie in bed. "A lot o' whisperin' goin' on," as guests say under similar and other circumstances. "A hell of a lot er whisperin' goin' on," as our Bill or Jim might say. And next morning Billy had another quiet talk with Bob, and Bob stayed on till Billy got him a job at the brickfields. And Bob stayed on as a boarder. It was a practical proposal, and Lizzie agreed to it; it was as easy to do for two as one, she said. Perhaps it occurred to her vaguely that the thing might make a little talk. It did. Paying boarders didn't come to the hutches every season. The women were indifferent to Bob, but viciously envious—keen on the subject. The men were not interested. And the men were always very


text: Folk-Lore/Volume 31/Prentice Pillars: the Architect and his Pupil


text: Devonshire Characters and Strange Events/Index


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 59.djvu/403

 , and he was elected surgeon to Guy's Hospital, in succession to Pierce, on 22 Feb. 1745–6, an office he resigned on 30 June 1780. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society on 6 Dec. 1750, and on 5 April 1764 he was chosen a member of the court of assistants of the Corporation of Surgeons. He became a member of its court of examiners on 6 Aug. 1771, and he served as its master in 1780 and in 1784. When the present College of Surgeons was created in 1800 Warner became its first member, so that he was one of the very few surgeons who belonged to the three corporate bodies of surgeons which have existed in England.

Warner died at his house in Hatton Street on 24 July 1801. He shared with William Bromfield [q. v.], Sir Cæsar Hawkins [q. v.], and Sharpe the civil surgical practice of London, and it was the success of these surgeons which prevented John Hunter sooner coming to the front. A life-size half-length portrait, by Samuel Medley, is in the council-room of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.

Warner contributed little to the literature of surgery, but what he wrote is of interest as expressive of the opinions of contemporary surgeons. He was the first surgeon to tie the common carotid artery, an operation he performed in 1775. His works were: 1. ‘Cases on Surgery … to which is added an Account of the Preparation and Effects of the Agaric of the Oak in Stopping of Bleedings after some of the most capital Operations,’ London, 1754, 8vo; 2nd edit. 1754, 3rd edit. 1760, 4th edit. 1784; translated into French, Paris, 1757, 8vo. This is the work upon which Warner's reputation as a surgeon mainly rests. The cases extend over the whole domain of surgery, and are related with brevity, skill, and judgment. 2. ‘A Description of the Human Eye and its adjacent parts, together with their Principal Diseases,’ London, 1773, 8vo; 2nd edit. 1775. 3. ‘An Account of the Testicles … and the Diseases to which they are liable,’ London, 1774, 8vo; 2nd edit. 1775; translated into German, Gotha, 1775, 16mo.

 WARNER, MARY AMELIA (1804–1854), actress, the daughter of a Dublin chemist named Huddart, who, with his wife, Ann Gough of Limerick, took late in life to the stage, was born in Manchester in 1804. Huddart acted thrice at Crow Street Theatre, Dublin, and then, as ‘a gentleman from Dublin,’ made at Covent Garden as Othello his first appearance in London and fourth on any stage. After playing at Greenwich for her father's benefit, Mary Huddart became at the reputed age of fifteen a member of Brunton's company at Plymouth, Exeter, Bristol, and Birmingham. In 1829 she was acting in Dublin, and on 22 Nov. 1830, as Miss Huddart from Dublin, appeared at Drury Lane, playing Belvidera in ‘Venice Preserved’ to the Pierre of Macready, to whose recommendation she owed her engagement by Polhill and Lee. She had previously been seen in London at the Surrey and Tottenham Street theatres. Among the parts played in her first season were Emma in Knowles's ‘William Tell,’ Alicia in ‘Jane Shore,’ and Constance in ‘King John.’ She was also the original Queen Elswith in Knowles's ‘Alfred the Great.’ She then returned to Dublin, and played leading business under Calcraft. In 1836, under Bunn's management, she was again at Drury Lane, where she supported Edwin Forrest in ‘Lady Macbeth,’ Emilia, and other characters, and was the original Marian in Knowles's ‘Daughter,’ then called ‘The Wrecker's Daughter.’ Her success in the character last named led to her engagement at the Haymarket for the first production in London of the ‘Bridal,’ an adaptation by Knowles of the ‘Maid's Tragedy.’ In this she played, 26 June 1837, Evadne, Macready himself assuming Melantius. She also played Portia to Phelps's Shylock, and Helen McGregor to his Rob Roy. Near this period she married Robert William Warner, the landlord of the Wrekin Tavern, Broad Court, Bow Street, a place of resort for actors and literary men.

In the autumn of 1837 Mrs. Warner joined Macready at Covent Garden, where she stayed two years, supporting him in many Shakespearean parts and gaining in reputation. She was the original Joan of Arc in Serle's play of that name. She had been prevented by illness from playing at Covent Garden the heroine of Talfourd's ‘Athenian Captive,’ but took the part at the Haymarket on 4 Aug. 1838. Mrs. Warner accompanied Macready to Drury Lane, and was on 29 April 1842 Queen in ‘Hamlet,’ and on 10 Dec. the original Lady Lydia Lynterne in Westland Marston's ‘Patrician's Daughter.’ In 1843 she acted with Samuel Phelps [q. v.] in Bath, and on 27 May 1844, with him and T. L. Greenwood, began the memorable management of Sadler's Wells, opening as Lady Macbeth, and speaking an address by T. J. Serle. In the course of


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 59.djvu/404

 the first season she was seen as Emilia, Mrs. Haller, Mrs. Oakley, Gertrude in ‘Hamlet,’ Lady Allworth in ‘A New Way to pay Old Debts,’ Queen Margaret in ‘Richard III,’ Portia, Mariana in the ‘Wife,’ Evadne, Constance, Lady Frugal in Massinger's ‘City Madam,’ Queen Katharine in ‘Henry VIII;’ a new character in Serle's ‘Priest's Daughter,’ and probably some other parts. On 21 May 1845 she took an original part in Sullivan's ‘King's Friend,’ and played during the season 1845–6 Julie in ‘Richelieu,’ Mrs. Beverly, Belvidera, Isabella, Elvira in ‘Pizarro,’ Hermione, Lady Randolph, Clara Douglas in ‘Money,’ Alicia in ‘Jane Shore,’ and many other parts. She then retired from the management of Sadler's Wells, and, in a spirit of apparent rivalry, undertook that of the Marylebone Theatre, which opened on 30 Sept. 1847 with the ‘Winter's Tale.’ She took, not too wisely, parts such as Julia in the ‘Hunchback,’ Lady Teazle, and Lady Townley in the ‘Provoked Husband,’ for which her years began to disqualify her. She revived in November the ‘Scornful Lady’ of Beaumont and Fletcher, altered by Serle, playing in it the Lady; and in April 1848 the ‘Double Marriage’ of the same author, playing presumably Juliana. Retiring with a loss, it is said, of 5,000l., she supported Macready at the Haymarket during his farewell performances. On 28 July 1851 Sadler's Wells was opened for a few nights before the beginning of the regular season to give Mrs. Warner an opportunity of playing her best known characters before starting for America. What proved to be her last appearance in England was made in August as Mrs. Oakley in the ‘Jealous Wife.’ She met with great success in America. Signs of cancer developing themselves, she came to England, underwent an operation, and revisited New York. Unable to fulfil her engagement, she returned to London a hopeless invalid. On 10 Dec. 1853, in part through her husband's fault, she went through the insolvency court. A fund, to which the queen and Miss (afterwards Baroness) Burdett-Coutts contributed, was raised, and a benefit at Sadler's Wells brought her 150l. Charge of her children, a boy and a girl, was taken respectively by Macready and Miss Burdett-Coutts. After enduring prolonged agony, Mrs. Warner died on 24 Sept. 1854 at 16 Euston Place, Euston Square.

Mrs. Warner was an excellent actress, standing second only in public estimation to Helen Faucit (Lady Martin) and Mrs. Charles Kean. She was equally good in pathos and in tragic emotion. Her chief success was obtained as Evadne. Dickens spoke of her in that character as a ‘defiant splendid Sin.’ In Emilia and the Queen in ‘Hamlet’ her rather lurid beauty was effective. Her Lady Macbeth lacked something, but her Imogen won general recognition. Both energy and intensity were at her disposal, though she was open to the charge of ranting. A portrait of her, showing a long thin face, is in Tallis's ‘Dramatic Magazine,’ and a second as Hermione is in Tallis's ‘Drawing-room Table Book.’

[Era newspaper, 1 Oct. 1854; Scott and Howard's Blanchard; Macready's Reminiscences; Westland Marston's Our Recent Actors; Morley's Journal of a London Playgoer; Dramatic and Musical Review; Hist. of the Dublin Theatre; Era Almanack, various years; Clark Russell's Representative Actors.]

WARNER, RICHARD (1713?–1775), botanist and classical and Shakespearean scholar, was born in London, probably in 1713, being the third son of John Warner, goldsmith and banker, in business in the Strand, near Temple Bar. John Warner, sheriff of London in 1640, and lord mayor in 1648, in which year he was knighted, was probably Richard Warner's great-grandfather. John Warner, Richard's father, was a friend of Bishop Burnet. John Warner and his son Robert, a barrister, purchased property in Clerkenwell, comprising what was afterwards Little Warner Street, Cold Bath Square, Great and Little Bath Streets, &c. (, History of Clerkenwell, p. 124). John Warner seems to have died about 1721 or 1722, and in the latter year his widow purchased Harts, an estate at Woodford, Essex, which, at her death in 1743, she left to her son Richard (cf. Gent. Mag. 1789, ii. 583).

Richard entered Wadham College, Oxford, in July 1730, and graduated B.A. in 1734. He was, says Nichols (Lit. Anecd. iii. 75), ‘bred to the law, and for some time had chambers in Lincoln's Inn; but, being possessed of an ample fortune, resided chiefly at a good old house at Woodford Green, where he maintained a botanical garden, and was very successful in the cultivation of rare exotics.’ He was ‘also in his youth, as is related of the great Linnæus, … remarkably fond of dancing; nor, till his passion for that diversion subsided, did he convert the largest room in his house into a library’ (, Sketches of the Progress of Botany, ii. 283).

In 1748 Warner received a visit from Pehr Kalm, the pupil of Linnæus, then on his way to North America ( account of his Visit to England, 1892). Warner took Kalm to London, to Peter Collinson's garden


text:
User:Clumsily/CCCT

 * Division 1 : General Provisions
 * Division 2 : Court Proceedings in First Instance
 * Division 3 : Appeal to Court of Second Instance and Court of Last Resort
 * Division 4 : Interlocutory Relief and Enforcement of Judgments or Orders

title: User:Clumsily/CCCT


text:
User:Clumsily/CCCT/Division 1

Division 1 : General Provisions
 * Title 1 : Terminology
 * Title 2 : Courts
 * Title 3 : Parties
 * Title 4 : Filing and Service of Pleadings
 * Title 5 : Evidence
 * Title 6 : Judgments and Orders

title: User:Clumsily/CCCT/Division 1


text:
User talk:Vanished user e175adb86e72bb96a1706f7ab31b9df8

Please contact me on the Catalan Wikisource


text:
User:Vanished user e175adb86e72bb96a1706f7ab31b9df8

Please contact me on the Catalan Wikisource.


text: User:Clumsily/CCCT/Division 1/Title 2

title: User:Clumsily/CCCT/Division 1/Title 2


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 59.djvu/405

 at Peckham, to visit Philip Miller at Chelsea, and to see the aged Sir Hans Sloane.

Soon after Kalm's visit Warner received from the Cape of Good Hope the so-called Cape jasmine, which flowered for the first time in his stove. This (1710?–1776) [q. v.] in a letter to Linnæus (, Correspondence of Linnæus, i. 99), dated 21 July 1758, proposed should be called Warneria. Warner, however, objected (ib. p. 101), and it was named Gardenia.

Previous to 1766 Warner had ‘been long making collections for a new edition of Shakespeare; but on Mr. Steevens's advertisement of his design … he desisted’ (, op. cit. iii. 75). In 1768 he published ‘A Letter to David Garrick, Esq., concerning a Glossary to the Plays of Shakespeare. … To which is annexed a Specimen.’ Although turning aside to other studies, Warner was employed ‘to the last hour of his life’ upon this glossary, and bequeathed all papers relating to it to his ‘friend David Garrick, esq. of Adelphi Buildings,’ that they might be published, and the profits, if any, applied to a fund for decayed actors. In a codicil, however, he left the papers absolutely at Garrick's disposal, and gave forty pounds to the fund. Two manuscripts of this glossary, one in fifty-one quarto volumes, and the other in twenty octavo volumes, with an interleaved copy of Tonson's edition of Shakespeare (1734, 12mo), with numerous manuscript notes by Warner, the original manuscript of the ‘Letter to Garrick,’ and an alphabetical index of words requiring explanation in the plays of Beaumont and Fletcher, are now in the British Museum (Addit. MSS. 10464–543).

Warner also translated several plays of Plautus into prose, and the ‘Captives’ into verse, before the announcement of Bonnell Thornton's version. In the preface to the two volumes published in 1766 Thornton writes that Warner, ‘to whom I was then a stranger, was pleased to decline all thoughts which he had before conceived of prosecuting the same intention … communicating to me whatever he thought might be of service. … The same gentleman also took upon himself the trouble of translating the life of our author from Petrus Crinitus.’ On Thornton's death in May 1768, Warner issued a revised edition of the two volumes (1769), and then continued the work, translating fourteen plays and issuing them in three additional volumes, two published in 1772, and the last in 1774, the continuation being dedicated to Garrick.

Meanwhile he had, in 1771, printed his best known work, ‘Plantæ Woodfordienses: Catalogue of … Plants growing spontaneously about Woodford’ (pp. 238, 8vo). This little book had its origin in the ‘herborisations’ of the Apothecaries' Company, to the master, wardens, and court of assistants of which it is dedicated (, op. cit. pp. 281–282). An index of Linnæan names is added. Though by no means free from blunders, the ‘Plantæ Woodfordienses’ served as a model for Edward Jacob's ‘Plantæ Favershamienses’ (1777), and in 1784 [q. v.] thought it worth while to print some thirteen pages of ‘Additions,’ wrongly attributed by Mr. B. D. Jackson (Literature of Botany, p. 262) to his brother, Edward Forster. In his own copy of the book, now at Wadham College, Warner had made several additions for an intended reissue.

Warner died unmarried on 11 April 1775, at Harts, and was buried on the 20th in Woodford churchyard, being probably, as stated in the register, ‘aged 62,’ and not, as stated on his tomb, sixty-four. He bequeathed the bulk of his property to Jervoise Clark, the widower of his niece Kitty, only child of his brother Robert. Having been elected a director of the East India Company in 1760, he leaves ‘as is customary,’ a hundred pounds to their hospital at Poplar, fifty pounds to Garrick, and all books and drawings relating to botany and natural history to Wadham College, with three hundred pounds to found a botanical exhibition at the college tenable for seven years by the presentation of fifty dried plants and a certificate of proficiency from the professor of botany. The capital of this legacy is now merged in the general exhibition fund. Warner's books, now at Wadham, comprise, besides several valuable botanical works, interleaved copies of Shakespeare, the works of Spenser, Milton, Beaumont and Fletcher, and some small collections of dried plants of little intrinsic value; and a collection of mosses and lichens made by him was presented by the late Sir Jervoise Clark Jervoise to the Essex Field Club. At Idsworth, Hampshire, the seat of Sir Arthur Jervoise, the present representative of the family, there is a portrait of Richard Warner, besides other pictures and books collected by him. Philip Miller dedicated a genus to him in 1760, but it had been given the name Hydrastis by Linnæus in the previous year, so that it must still bear that name.

[Information by the late Sir J. C. Jervoise, the warden of Wadham College, and F. G. H. Price, F.S.A., and the works above cited.]

WARNER, RICHARD (1763–1857), divine and antiquary, born in Marylebone, London, on 18 Oct. 1763, was the son of Richard Warner, ‘a respectable London tradesman.’ Early in his sixth year he was


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 59.djvu/406

 sent to a boarding-school near London, and remained there until his father removed, with his family, to Lymington in Hampshire. The social life of that little town in 1776 was many years afterwards described by him in his ‘Literary Recollections.’ For four years he was at the grammar school in the adjoining borough of Christchurch, when a great disappointment fell on the youth. A friend had promised him a nomination on the foundation for Winchester College, but when the time arrived for the fulfilment of the promise the nomination was given to another to oblige a patron in the peerage. Warner's dreams of a fellowship at New College and of ordination in the English church were thus dissipated. He returned to Christchurch school, and passed the next seven years of his life in ‘severe and reiterated disappointments.’ His first thought was of the navy, but he went into an attorney's office. On 19 Oct. 1787 he matriculated from St. Mary Hall, Oxford, and kept eight terms at the university, but left without taking a degree.

About 1790 Warner, through the mediation of Warren Hastings, was ordained by William Markham, archbishop of York, his title being the curacy of Wales, near Rotherham, where he stayed for three months. He had been promised by [q. v.] the curacy of his vicarage of Boldre, near Lymington, and for nearly four years he served in that parish. The influence of Gilpin's tastes was afterwards perceptible in the topographical writings of Warner. The more lucrative curacy of Fawley, on the banks of Southampton Water, then tempted him to remove, and he stayed at Fawley for over two years; but the situation did not agree with his family. The chapel of All Saints, Bath, in the parish of Walcot, was opened for divine service on 26 Oct. 1794, and Warner was placed in charge of it as curate to John Sibley, rector of the mother parish. In April 1795 he accepted the curacy of the populous parish of St. James's, Bath, and he continued in that position for about twenty-two years, preaching his farewell sermon on 23 March 1817.

For many years after his settlement at Bath, Warner was the best known man of letters in that city, and he knew all the literary men who frequented it. His volumes of ‘Literary Recollections’ are full of anecdotes about them. His own writings were numerous, and his sermons were ‘models of pulpit eloquence.’ He was, moreover, a man of independent thought and character. Apart from catholic emancipation, he was a rigorous whig. He dedicated his two chief sermons (the ‘fast sermon,’ preached on 25 May 1804, and that on ‘National Blessings,’ published in 1806) in eulogistic terms to Fox, and appended to the latter a severe character of Pitt. With Dr. Parr he lived on terms of close intimacy, and, like Parr, suffered in preferment for his opinions. His religious views were antagonistic to Calvinism, and he was a zealous opponent of the evangelicals. In 1828 he published a tract on ‘Evangelical Preaching: its Character, Errors, and Tendency.’

Warner was appointed on 13 May 1809, by his old schoolfellow and friend Sir [q. v.], to the rectory of Great Chalfield in Wiltshire, which he enjoyed until his death. For a short time in 1817–18 he was vicar of Norton St. Philip with Hinton Charterhouse in Somerset. He was presented on 3 Oct. 1825 to the vicarage of Timberscombe, and on 29 March 1826 to the rectory of Croscombe, both in Somerset, but did not keep them long. In 1827 he was appointed to the rectory of Chelwood, also in Somerset and a few miles from Bristol, and he retained it, with Great Chalfield, for the rest of his life. In the 1826 list of fellows of the Society of Antiquaries his name appears as elected, but he was never admitted. He died on 27 July 1857, when nearly ninety-four years of age, and was buried on 11 Aug. 1857 in the chancel of Chelwood church, a monument being erected to his memory. The widow, Anne [‘Pearson’], died at Widcombe Cottage, Bath, on 23 March 1865, aged 85, and was buried at Chelwood. One daughter, Ellen Rebecca Warner, was buried there on 18 Sept. 1833, and in the following year a schoolhouse was erected to her memory by the parents.

Warner's voluminous writings comprised:  ‘Companion in a Tour round Lymington,’ 1789. When altered and revised it formed the basis of a ‘Handbook to Lymington,’ 1847.  ‘Hampshire extracted from Domesday, with Translation, Preface, Glossary,’ 1789.  ‘Southampton Guide,’ 1790.  ‘Antiquitates Culinariæ: Tracts on Culinary Affairs of the Old English,’ 1791. (1748–1817) [q. v.] prosecuted him for pirating in this work his print of the ‘Peacock Feast,’ and got a verdict for 20l. The print was therefore torn from all the copies then unsold. This action cost Warner 70l. in all. Grose had told him that Carter had given permission for the reproduction.  ‘Attempt to ascertain the Situation of the Ancient Clausentum,’ 1792. He fixed it at Bitterne Farm, two and a half miles from Southampton.  ‘Topographical Remarks on the South-western Parts of


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 22.djvu/363

 GRAHAM, RICHARD (fl. 1680–1720), author, compiled a 'Short Account of the most Eminent Painters, both Ancient and Modern,' which was appended as a supplement to Dryden's translation of Du Fresnoy's 'Art of Painting,' published in 1695; a second edition of this translation appeared in 1716; 'a third in 1750; and a fourth, with additions, in 1769. Graham was an acquaintance of Vertue, the engraver, and supplied him with some of the information worked up by Horace Walpole into his 'Anecdotes of Painting,' notably from a manuscript notebook of paintings sold at several sales, extracted from catalogues, 'alphabetically digested, &c. (Brit. Mus. Addit. MSS. 23073, f. 28). In the preface to the translation of De Piles's 'Art of Painting,' published in 1706, (illusion is made to Graham's treatise, and it is regretted that he was unable to compile a similar account of the English school. He is probably identical with the R. Graham who published in 1680 'Poems upon the Death of the most Honorable the Marchioness of Winchester,' and possibly with Richard Graham, F.R.S., who contributed a paper to the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1734.

 GRAHAM, Sir ROBERT (d. 1437), conspirator, was the uncle of Malise Graham, earl-palatine of Strathern, who had been deprived by James I. This indignity embittered Graham agninst the king, and in the parliament of 1435 he expressed his resentment in such language as led to his arrest and banishment. He quitted the court determined on revenge, and came to be the most prominent actor in the conspiracy by which James's life was lost. All contemporary authorities are, however, agreed that the real originator of the plot was not so much Graham as Walter, earl of Atholl, the king's uncle, who aspired to the crown in respect of the supposed superior legitimacy of the second family of Robert II. Despite the repeated benefits heaped on him by the king, Atholl had all along been maturing his designs on the throne, with his grandson Robert Stewart as his accomplice, and Graham as his tool. On 20 Feb. 1436-7 the court were occupying the Dominican convent at Perth. Graham, with a band of three hundred highlanders, burst into the king's chamber, and James, who had taken refuge in a vault under the floor, was discovered, dragged out, and brutally murdered. The necessity of escaping without loss of time alone saved the queen from a similar fate. Graham was followed to the fastnesses of the highlands and arrested by John Stewart Gorme of Atholl and Robert Duncanson, ancestor of the Robertsons of Strowan, who both received substantial rewards. Graham was tortured to death at Stirling. Undaunted to the end, he endured the dreadful torments inflicted on him with fortitude, justifying his conduct on the ground that he had first renounced his allegiance to James.

 GRAHAM or GRIMES, ROBERT (d. 1701), colonel and Trappist monk, was son of a certain 'Colonel' William Grimes, who is described in the contemporary letters of Lord Manchester as a lieutenant of horse under John Graham of Claverhouse, viscount Dundee, who was afterwards commander of the Bass Rock, later a recipient of Jacobite bounty in Edinburgh, and (in 1701) an alleged conspirator against the life of William of Orange. He had two sons, both notorious libertines who turned monks, the elder becoming a Capuchin friar as Brother Archangel, the younger a Trappist, Brother Alexis. The life of the younger was a stormy one. He had been whipped in his boyhood by a presbyterian tutor for attending a Romish service in Edinburgh, which led to his being transferred to the guardianship of a kinsman, Lord Perth; but when that nobleman's affairs became involved he passed into the hands of a gloomy presbyterian uncle, whose harsh asceticism no doubt influenced his after course. His name cannot be traced with certainty in the military entry books in the Public Record Office, but he appears to have served in Flanders under William III. His excesses are said to have startled London, Flanders, and Paris, and when he left the service and was presented to James II at the fugitive English court at St. Germain he was one of the most accomplished scoundrels of his day. After alternate fits of rioting and fasting, of drinking and religion, he entered the monastery of La Trappe, and became one of the most ingenious and cruel of self-tormentors so that he may be said virtually to have committed suicide. Before he died it was the custom of English courtiers serving either king to visit the recluse, to whose cell King James and bevies of court ladies were wont to repair. His death, early in 1701, deprived the English court of one of its most edifying distractions.

 * [Duke of Manchester's Court and Society (London, 1864), ii. 93, 100, 111. The details of the life of Brother Alexis form one of the most}}


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 59.djvu/407

 ,’ 1793, 2 vols. A fire at the copperplate printer's consumed the whole of the plates and impressions for this work. In the previous year he had issued proposals for a complete history of Hampshire, but, after much labour, abandoned the enterprise (Gent. Mag. 1793, ii. 724). Warner's volume on ‘Domesday’ was included in vol. ii. of the ‘Collections for Hampshire, by D. Y., 1795,’ five volumes in six, but he disowned the publication of that miserable compilation (Literary Recollections, i. 268–72; Gent. Mag. 1793 ii. 742–4, 1797 i. 44–6).  ‘General View of Agriculture of Isle of Wight;’ in ‘View of Agriculture in Hampshire by A. and W. Driver,’ 1794, pp. 45–66.  ‘History of the Isle of Wight, with View of Agriculture,’ 1795.  ‘Netley Abbey: a Gothic Story,’ circa 1795, 2 vols.  ‘Illustrations of the Roman Antiquities at Bath,’ 1797; published by order of its mayor and corporation, but disfigured by numerous errata. Warner had obtained from the borough funds the means of cleansing and arranging these remains, which were many years later deposited in the Bath Literary and Scientific Institution.  ‘Walk through Wales,’ 1798; 3rd edit. 1799; a very popular volume.  ‘Second Walk through Wales,’ 1799; 2nd edit. 1800.  ‘Walk through some of the Western Counties of England’ [from Bath to Launceston and back], 1800; reissued in 1809 as ‘A Walk through Somerset, Devon, and Part of Cornwall.’  ‘Excursions from Bath, 1801.  ‘History of Bath,’ 1801. Captain Rowland Mainwaring published his ‘Annals of Bath’ as a continuation to 1834 of Warner's history. Warner's work was criticised at much length in the ‘Anti-Jacobin Review’ (x. 113–31, 225–42, 335–56), but it has not been superseded.  ‘Tour through Northern Counties of England and Borders of Scotland,’ 1802, 2 vols.; translated into German by C. G. Kültner in 1803.  ‘Chronological History of our Lord and Saviour: the English Diatessaron,’ 1803; new edit. 1819.  ‘Practical Discourses,’ 1803–4, 2 vols.  ‘Companion to the Holy Communion,’ circa 1803.  ‘Book of Common Prayer and Psalter; with Introduction, Notes,’ 1806.  ‘Bath Characters: Sketches from Life by Peter Paul Pallet,’ 1807; 3rd edit. 1808. A skit on the chief residents at Bath, which provoked much controversy. It was followed, also under the pseudonym of Peter Paul Pallet, by <li> ‘Rebellion in Bath’ [1st canto], 1808. <li> ‘The Restoration’ [2nd canto of ‘Rebellion in Bath’], 1809 (cf. and  Anon. Lit. iii. 2096, 2187). <li> ‘Six Occasional Sermons,’ 1808. <li> ‘Series of Practical Sermons on Scripture Characters,’ 1810–11, 2 vols. <li> ‘New Guide through Bath and its Environs,’ 1811. <li> ‘Sermons, Tracts, and Notes on the New Testament,’ 1813, 3 vols. <li> ‘Omnium Gatherum; or Bath, Bristol, and Cheltenham Literary Repository. By us two; 7 Nos. from October 1814.’ Conducted and nearly all written by Warner. <li> ‘[57] Sermons on the Epistles or Gospels for Sundays,’ 1816, 2 vols.; 5th edit. 1826. <li> ‘Old Church of England Principles,’ 1817–18, 3 vols.; 3rd edit. 1823. <li> ‘Letter to Bishop Ryder on Ordination of Young Men holding Evangelical Principles,’ 1818; 2nd edit. with biography of [q. v.], 1818 (cf. Gent. Mag. 1818, ii. 109, 143, 212, 310). <li> ‘Miscellanies,’ 1819, 2 vols; some copies are dated 1820. <li> ‘Illustrations, Historical, Biographical, and Miscellaneous, of Waverley Novels,’ 1823–4, 3 vols. <li> ‘History of Abbey of Glaston and Town of Glastonbury,’ 1826; 250 copies at six guineas each. <li> ‘The Psalter, with Notes,’ 1828. <li> ‘Sunday Evening Discourses,’ 1828, 2 vols. <li> ‘Literary Recollections,’ 1830, 2 vols. The Rev. Thomas Jervis printed a tract of twenty-one pages (varying title-pages dated 1831 or 1832) in correction of some errors in them. <li> ‘The Anti-Materialist: a Manual for Youth,’ 1831. <li> ‘Great Britain's Crisis: Reform, Retrenchment, and Economy’ [1st ed. anon.], 1831; 2nd edit. enlarged by the Rev. R. Warner, 1831. <li> ‘Practical Religion: 12 Sermons to Keene's “Bath Journal.” By Presbuteros,’ 1837. <li> ‘Simplicity of Christianity: four Sermons to the “Bath Journal.” By Presbuteros,’ 1839. <li> ‘Thoughts on Duelling: four Letters to the “Bath Journal.” By Gabriel Sticking Plaister,’ 1840. <li> ‘Sermon on the Mount: five Discourses in Chelwood Church,’ 1840. <li> ‘For Family Worship: Specimens of Biblical Exposition on Book of Genesis,’ 1842.</ol>

Warner circulated among his friends many private impressions of sportive and serious pieces in prose and verse. One of them, ‘Nugæ Poeticæ: Solitary Musings on Serious Subjects. By an Aged Man,’ was dated ‘Chelwood, near Bath, Dec. 1847;’ and his ‘Diary of a Retired Country Parson, in Verse,’ was printed in 1848 (cf. and, i. 626). Poems by him are in Peach's ‘Bath Houses, 2nd series’ (pp. 27–8), and in the appendix to his ‘Literary Recollections.’ He printed three series of sermons in manuscript-type for the use of the younger clergy, and a host of single sermons. That entitled ‘War inconsistent with


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 22.djvu/364

 singular of the biographies published in 1716 under the title, 'Relations de la Vie et de la Mort de quelques Religieux de l'Abbaye de la Trappe.']

GRAHAM, afterwards CUNNINGHAME-GRAHAM, ROBERT (d. 1797?), song-writer, only surviving son of Nicol or Nicolas Graham (d. 16 Nov. 1775) of Gartmore, on the borders of Perthshire and Stirlingshire, and Lady Margaret Cunninghame, daughter of William, twelfth earl of Glencairn, was educated at Glasgow University. In early life he was a planter in Jamaica, and for some time held the office of receiver-general in that island. He was chosen rector of Glasgow University in 1785, in opposition to Burke. He represented Stirlingshire in parliament from 1794 to 1796. He was the mover of a rejected Bill of Rights, which to some extent foreshadowed the Reform Bill of 1832. He was an earnest advocate of the principles of the French revolution. He wrote various lyrical pieces, the best known of which, 'If doughty deeds my lady please,' is deservedly famous. In 1796 (see, Members of Parliament, Scotland), owing to the death of John Cunninghame, fifteenth and last earl of Glencairn, he succeeded to the Finlaystoun estates, and assumed the additional surname of Cunninghame. He married, first, Anne, daughter of Patrick Taylor of Jamaica, sister of Sir John Taylor, bart.; secondly, Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Buchanan of Spital. He left two sons, William, his heir, and Nicol, maréchal-de-camp in the Austrian service, and two daughters.

 GRAHAM, ROBERT (1744–1836), judge, born at Hackney on 14 Oct. 1744, was son and heir of James Graham, a schoolmaster of Dalston in Middlesex, a descendant of George Graham of Calendar, second son of William, lord Graham. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was third wrangler, besides being high in classics, was elected a fellow and graduated B.A. in 1766, M.A. in 1769, and was made an LL.D. in 1835. In 1766 he entered at the Inner Temple, where he was called to the bar. In February 1793 he was appointed attorney-general to the Prince of Wales, and was made a king's counsel in the following April. In November 1799 he was appointed a baron of the exchequer, and knighted 19 June 1800. In February 1827 he retired, but in the following reign he was sworn of the privy council. On 28 Sept. 1836 he died at his sister's house at Long Ditton in Surrey, and was buried on 7 Oct. at Kingston. He was an urbane but inefficient judge; on his appointment Sir Edward Law (afterwards Lord Ellenborough) said of him 'that he placed Mr. Justice Rooke on a pinnacle.'

 GRAHAM, ROBERT (1786–1845), M.D. and botanist, third son of Dr. Robert Graham, afterwards Moir of Leckie, was born at Stirling on 3 Dec. 1786. After studying medicine at Edinburgh and Glasgow Universities, he practised for some years in Glasgow. In 1818, on the creation of a separate chair for botany in Glasgow, Graham was appointed the first professor. In 1820 he obtained the regius professorship of botany in Edinburgh University, and also became physician to the infirmary. He was a strong believer in drugs, and gave enormous doses of calomel and opium (Life of Sir R. Christison, ii. 133, 134). Besides his inaugural dissertation for M.D. he wrote only one medical treatise, viz. 'Practical Observations on Continued Fever,' pp. 84, Glasgow, 1818. As a botanical lecturer he attained fair success, and under his care the Edinburgh Botanical Garden flourished. He published a number of botanical papers, chiefly describing new species, in the 'Edinburgh New Philosophical Magazine,' Curtis's 'Botanical Magazine,' and Hooker's 'Companion.' He also spent much time in preparing a 'Flora of Great Britain,' which he did not complete. He died at Coldoch in Perthshire on 7 Aug. 1845, after a long illness.

 GRAHAM, SIMION (1570?–1614), poet. [See .]

GRAHAM, THOMAS, (1748–1843), of Balgowan, Perthshire, general, was third son and only surviving child of Thomas Græme, laird of Balgowan, who died in 1766, by his wife, the Lady Christian Hope, sixth daughter of Charles, first earl of Hopetoun. He was born on 19 Oct. 1748, where is uncertain, but there is a tradition that it was not at Balgowan. Like other young Scotchmen of station, he was brought up at home under private tutors, one of whom was James Macpherson, the translator of Ossian, and in November 1766 entered Christ Church College, Oxford, as a gentleman-commoner, but left at midsummer 1768 without taking a degree (, Life of Lynedoch). After travelling for some time on the


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 59.djvu/408

 tianity,’ preached on the day of the general fast, 25 May 1804, before a corps of Bath volunteers who happened to attend at his church on that day, passed through many editions and provoked much comment.

A portrait, by S. Williams, was engraved by S. Harding; that by Bell was engraved by J. Hibbert; a third, by S. C. Smith, was lithographed by L. Haghe; and a miniature by Engleheart was engraved by Condé. Warner's sister, Rebecca Warner, who lived at Beech Cottage, Bath, published two useful volumes, ‘Original Letters,’ 1817, illustrative of eighteenth-century worthies, and ‘Epistolary Curiosities, 2 parts,’ 1818, illustrative of the Herbert family. Several of the letters in the first of these collections, from Gilpin, were clearly addressed to Warner.

[Gent. Mag. 1804, ii. 1132, 1818 ii. 310, 1830 i. 612, 1857 ii. 345, 1858 i. 101–4, 1865 i. 663; Foster's Alumni Oxon.; Murch's Bath Celebrities, pp. 247–51; Monkland's Literature of Bath, pp. 50–2; Peach's Historic Houses at Bath, 2nd ser. pp. 56–71, 102–3.]

WARNER, SAMUEL ALFRED (d. 1853), inventor, from 1830 to the date of his death continued to press on the admiralty, the war office, and the master-general of the ordnance two inventions which he asserted were capable of producing the immediate and utter destruction of any enemy's ships or forts. The one he called an ‘invisible shell;’ the other his ‘long range.’ So far as can be made out from the very imperfect accounts, the first was a small torpedo or sea-mine, ‘no bigger than a duck's egg,’ charged with some high explosive; the second appears to have been a balloon fitted to drop automatically one or more of the ‘invisible shells’ over the devoted object. Several small committees, of the highest credit, were appointed to examine and experiment on these inventions; but as Warner persistently refused to show or in any way explain his secret till he was assured of the payment of 200,000l. for each, the committees could only report that they had seen a boat or a ship destroyed, but how or by what agency they were unable to say; that the proposed experiments with the ‘long range’ had not been made, and that, as far as they understood it, the same idea had been tried or proposed several times before; that they had no means of judging whether the ‘invisible shell’ could be of any use in war, or whether it could be carried safely in a ship's magazine.

In 1842 a committee, consisting of Sir Thomas Byam Martin [q. v.] and Sir Howard Douglas [q. v.], put Warner to a personal examination, and drew from him the statements that his father was William Warner, who in 1812 had owned and commanded a small vessel called the Nautilus, hired by the secretary of state and employed in secretly bringing over spies; that he himself had served with his father in the Nautilus, and had, towards the end of the war, by means of his invention, utterly destroyed two of the enemy's privateers, from which not a soul escaped. Of this there was no corroborative evidence. The occurrences had not been reported to the admiralty or to the secretary of state; the Nautilus had not kept a log; the dates could not be remembered; and no one could be brought forward as a witness. When he was examined on other personal matters, the result was equally unsatisfactory, all his attempts at autobiography being marred by flagrant anachronisms.

In 1852 the matter was again brought up in the House of Lords, on 14 May, and a committee was appointed to inquire into it; but a week later, 21 May, the Duke of Wellington pointed out that the inquiry was one of a scientific nature, and that it had been entrusted to the ordnance department. With this the matter appears to have dropped. The committee, though formally appointed, never reported, and Warner himself died in obscure circumstances in the early days of December 1853. He was buried in Brompton cemetery on the 10th. He left a widow and seven children.

[Parliamentary Papers, 1844, xxxiii. 419, 1846 xxvi. 499, 1847 xxxvi. 473, 475; Times, 15, 18, and 22 May, 13 Oct. 1852, 9, 21, and 22 Dec. 1853.]

WARNER, THOMAS (d. 1649), coloniser of the first British West Indian Islands, was a younger son of William Warner, a gentle-yeoman of Framlingham and Parham, Suffolk, and Margaret, daughter of George Gernigan or Jerningham of Belsted in the same county. He entered the army at an early age, and became a captain in James I's bodyguard. In the spring of 1620 he accompanied Captain Roger North [q. v.] on his expedition to Surinam. Here he made the acquaintance of a certain Captain Painton, ‘a very experienced seaman,’ who suggested to him the advisability of a settlement on one of the small West Indian islands, such as St. Christopher's, which were neglected by the Spaniards. At the end of the year he returned to England with the view of finding means to carry out his project. Having obtained the support of Ralph Merrifield, a London merchant, and his Suffolk neighbour,


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 59.djvu/409

 Charles Jeaffreson, Warner, with his wife and son Edward, and some thirteen others, chiefly from Suffolk, sailed for Virginia. Having rejected Barbados, ‘for the great want of water was then upon it naturally,’ the expedition landed in St. Kitts (St. Christopher's) on 28 Jan. 1623–4. The misgovernment of the Amazon settlement and the suitability of St. Christopher's for a tobacco plantation were the motive causes of the expedition. They were welcomed by the Carib chief Tegramund, and allowed to make a settlement at Old Road, where water abounded. By September the colonists had raised their first tobacco crop, but it was destroyed by a hurricane immediately afterwards. On 18 March 1624–5 Jeaffreson arrived from England in the Hopewell, bringing men and provisions, and soon afterwards Warner went home in the Black Bess of Flushing to beat up more recruits and to take over tobacco (cf. Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1625–6, p. 156).

Warner was commissioned on 13 Sept. 1625 king's lieutenant for the four islands of ‘St. Christopher, alias Merwar's Hope, Mevis [Nevis], Barbados, and Monserate,’ of which he is described as the ‘discoverer.’ In case of his death Jeaffreson was to succeed him. This was the first patent relating to the West Indies which passed the great seal. On 23 Jan. 1626 a letter of marque was issued to the Gift of God, forty tons, owner R. Merrifield, captain Thomas Warner, and during the year Warner and a Captain Smith made prizes of vessels from Middelburg and Dunkirk (ib. 1625–6 pp. 322, 327, 1628–9 p. 286).

In the autumn of 1626 Warner returned to St. Kitts ‘with neere a hundred people,’ having on his way made a bootless attempt upon the Spaniards ‘at Trinidada.’ In the ensuing year the settlement underwent great privations, but on 26 Oct. 1627 Captain William Smith brought food and ammunition in the Hopewell, and other ships came in later. In the same year the few Frenchmen under d'Esnambuc, a protégé of Richelieu, who had arrived soon after Warner's first landing, had also been reinforced; and in May a treaty was concluded between Warner and d'Esnambuc for a division of territory and mutual defence against the Spaniards and Caribees. The Caribees were now driven completely off the island.

In 1629 Warner paid another visit to England, in the course of which he was knighted (27 Sept.) at Hampton Court. James Hay, first earl of Carlisle [q. v.], had received in June 1627 a grant of the Caribean Islands and Barbados, in spite of Warner's patent of 1625; but on 29 Sept. Carlisle appointed Warner sole governor of St. Christopher's for life (Cal. State Papers, Amer. and W. Indies, 1574–1660, p. 101). On 4 Nov. 1643 Warner received a third patent—from the parliamentary commissioners of plantations—under which he was constituted ‘governor and lieutenant-general of the Caribee Islands under Robert [Rich], earl of Warwick [q. v.], governor in chief of all the plantations in America’ (ib. p. 324).

The success of the plantation at St. Christopher's, which seemed now assured, excited the jealousy of the French. In August 1629 d'Esnambuc, having returned from France with three hundred colonists and six sail of the line, summoned Warner to retire within the treaty limits, and to give up the land occupied since his departure. Soon after matters had been settled somewhat to the advantage of the French, a Spanish expedition under Don Frederick de Toledo appeared. The French deserted the English, who, overpowered by superior force, seem to have made some sort of cession. The chief settlers, however, retired to the mountains; and when, in a few months, the Spanish abandoned the island, both the English and French colonies in St. Kitts were re-established. Henceforth they were always at open or secret enmity. In 1635 d'Esnambuc, who obtained the aid of the negroes by a promise of freedom, wrung further concessions from Warner; and four years later a report that De Poincy, the French governor of St. Kitts, had had a design of poisoning Warner nearly produced open war. In September 1636, on his return from a voyage to England, Warner complained to Secretary Windebank of being ‘pestered with many controversies of the planters.’ During the voyage his crew had been decimated. He had intended to send a colony to Metalina under his son-in-law, but, having touched at Barbados to raise volunteers, had been opposed by the governor, Captain Henry Hawley (cf. ib. 1574–1660, p. 240).

In 1639 Warner estimated the amount of annual duties derived from the island at 12,000l. (ib. p. 295). So rapid had been the growth of the colony at St. Christopher's that in 1628 Warner was able to send settlers to colonise the isle of Nevis. Four years later religious dissensions in St. Kitts induced him to despatch another body of planters to found a colony on the island of Antigua, and a second, chiefly composed of Irishmen and Roman catholics, to settle Montserrat. These undertakings were successful, but the settlers sent to St. Lucia about 1639 were


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 59.djvu/410

 almost exterminated by the natives two years later.

Warner died on 10 March 1648–9, and was buried in the churchyard of St. Thomas, Middle Island, St. Kitts. On a broken tomb under a coat of arms is a barely legible rhymed epitaph in which he is described as   one that bought With loss of Noble bloud Illustrious Name Of a Commander Greate in Acts of Fame. It is printed in Captain Laurence-Archer's ‘Monumental Inscriptions of the British West Indies’ and in ‘Notes and Queries’ (3rd ser. ix. 450). He was a good soldier, and ‘a man of extraordinary agillity of body and a good witt,’ and won the respect of all his subordinates.

He was thrice married: first, to Sarah, daughter of Walter Snelling of Dorchester; secondly, to Rebecca, daughter of Thomas Payne, of Surrey; and, thirdly, to a lady who afterwards married Sir George March (Cal. State Papers, Amer. and W. Indies, 1675–6, p. 321). By his second wife he had two sons, and a daughter who was buried at Putney on 29 Dec. 1635.

The eldest son, (fl. 1632–1640), was deputy-governor of St. Kitts when Sir Thomas went to England. He was made by his father in 1632 the first English governor of Antigua. His wife and two children were carried off from the island in an incursion of the Caribs in 1640. A local tradition, embodied in the ‘Legend of Ding a Dong Nook,’ said that the governor pursued the Caribs to Dominica and brought back his wife and one child, but afterwards, under the influence of jealousy, imprisoned her in a keep built for the purpose in a lonely nook. The date of Edward Warner's death is uncertain. Dutertre, in his ‘Histoire des Antilles,’ speaks highly of his personal qualities.

(1630?–1675), governor of Dominica, was a natural son of Sir Thomas Warner by a Carib woman (whom Labat saw in Dominica in January 1700, and described as then ‘une des plus vieilles créatures du monde’); he is known in West Indian history as ‘Indian Warner.’ About 1645, at the age of fifteen, he escaped from St. Kitts to his Carib countrymen in Dominica, among whom he soon took a leading position. He led their expeditions, indifferent apparently whether they were directed against the French or English. But having in some way obtained the favour of Francis, lord Willoughby [q. v.] of Parham, he was in 1664 made governor of Dominica. During the next two years he turned his activities against the French in Martinique and Guadeloupe, who eventually captured him. He was sent to Guadeloupe and kept in irons till after the peace, and was only released on 26 Dec. 1667 in consequence of the personal interposition of William, lord Willoughby. The French had contended that he was not included in the treaty with England, as ‘having never lived as a Christian but as a Caribee.’ By Warner's mediation a peace with the Caribs of Dominica and St. Vincent was concluded in 1667 (, Hist. of Barbados, pp. 292, 293). He continued to act as governor of Dominica, where he was practically omnipotent, but the description of him as ‘chief Indian governor’ seems to indicate that his position was not exactly official (Cal. State Papers, Amer. and W.Indies, 1669–74, pp. 226, 330), but in May 1673 it was confirmed by the council of Barbados. His instructions were so drawn as to conciliate the French (ib. p. 494), which lends colour to the subsequent charge made against Warner of intrigues with the French. In spite of his position he appears never to have ceased attacking the English on the other islands. In December 1674 an expedition started from Antigua against the Indians in Dominica. It was commanded by the governor, Colonel Philip Warner (see below), reputed brother of Thomas Warner. On their landing ‘Indian Warner’ received them well and gave them assistance against the Windward Indians. According to some authorities, ‘Indian Warner’ was treacherously killed by his brother's own hand during a banquet on board his sloop; according to others, he fell on shore in open fight with the English.

(d. 1689), another son of Sir Thomas Warner, commanded a regiment of foot at the taking of Cayenne from the French in 1667, and in the same year served at the capture of Surinam from the Dutch (cf. Antigua and the Antiguans, 1844, cp. iii.). In 1671 he was in command of a regiment of nine hundred English in Antigua, and in the following year he was appointed governor of that island. His term of office was marked by the introduction of several useful reforms. In December 1674 he led the expedition to Dominica, and was accused of having directed his half-brother Thomas's murder. He was sent to England and imprisoned for several months in the Tower. On 23 June 1675 Secretary Coventry wrote to the governor of Barbados that his majesty was ‘highly offended’ at ‘that barbarous murder or rather massacre,’ and ordered that ‘speedy and exemplary justice should be done;’ while the Indians were to be