text:
Doe v. Groody/Dissent Alito

ALITO, Circuit Judge, dissenting:

I would reverse the order of the District Court and direct that summary judgment be entered in favor of the defendants. First, the best reading of the warrant is that it authorized the search of any persons found on the premises. Second, even if the warrant did not contain such authorization, a reasonable police officer could certainly have read the warrant as doing so, and therefore the appellants are entitled to qualified immunity.

[p245]

I.
Search warrants are "normally drafted by nonlawyers in the midst and haste of a criminal investigation." United States v. Ventresca, 380 U.S. 102, 108, 13 L. Ed. 2d 684, 85 S.C.t. 741 (1965). Consequently, they are to be read "in a commonsense and realistic fashion." Id. Here, the "commonsense and realistic" reading is that the issuing magistrate intended to authorize a search of all the occupants of the premises and that the warrant did so. Five points are important to keep in mind.

First, there is no doubt that the search warrant application sought permission to search all occupants of the premises. Indeed, the affidavit made this request in three separate paragraphs. Paragraph 17, after asking for authorization to search John Doe's home and car, added:

"The search should also include all occupants of the residence as the information developed shows that [John Doe] has frequent visitors that purchase methamphetamine. These persons may be on the premises at the time of the execution of the search warrant and may attempt to conceal controlled substances on their persons."

App. 498a (emphasis added).

Paragraph 20 reiterated that request:

"This application seeks permission to search all occupants of the residence and their belongings to prevent the removal, concealment, or destruction of any evidence requested in this warrant."

And paragraph 21 repeated the request a third time:

"As a result of the information developed, your affiant requests that a search warrant for methamphetamine and other controlled substances, drug paraphernalia, drug records, monies, proof of residence/ownership, documents, photographs, and weapons be issued for 618 Center St. Ashland, Pa., the residence of [John Doe] and all occupants therein."

App. 498a (emphasis added).

Second, the affidavit also clearly attempted to establish probable cause to search all occupants of the premises. The two affiants, who had background and training in drug cases, stated that, in their experience, drug dealers, when faced with "impending apprehension," often give evidence to other persons present on the premises in the hope that "said persons will not be subject to search when police arrive" and that this will "prevent the discovery of said items." See App. 494a.

Third, the warrant as drafted was intended to authorize a search of all persons on the premises. The warrant was drafted by the officers who applied for the warrant and was typed by one of those officers. App. 348a. Since the officers were seeking permission to search all occupants of the premises, they obviously intended for the draft warrant that they submitted to the magistrate to authorize the search of such persons.

Fourth, the warrant expressly incorporated the affidavit with respect to the issue that was most critical to the request to search all occupants viz., the issue of probable cause. While probable cause to search premises does not necessarily provide probable cause to search every person who is found on the premises, see Ybarra v. Illinois, 444 U.S. 85, 62 L. Ed. 2d 238, 100 S.C.t. 338 (1979), if there is probable cause to believe that all of the persons found on the premises possess on their persons either contraband or evidence of a crime, there is no reason why a warrant authorizing a search of all such persons should not be issued. In this case, as noted, the affidavit submitted in support of the warrant application claimed that there was probable cause to search all such persons, [p246]  and the warrant expressly incorporated that claim.

Fifth, after the warrant and affidavit were reviewed by the District Attorney's office and presented to a magistrate, the magistrate carefully reviewed these documents and signed the warrant without alteration.

Under these circumstances, the "commonsense and realistic" reading of the warrant is that it authorized a search of all occupants of the premises. It seems quite clear that the magistrate intended to authorize a search of all occupants of the premises. As noted, the application repeatedly requested such authorization and set out facts that the officers (and presumably the District Attorney's office) regarded as establishing probable cause. The warrant indisputably incorporated the affidavit with respect to the issue of probable cause, and the magistrate signed the warrant without alteration. The only reasonable inference is that the magistrate agreed with the affidavit that there was probable cause to search all occupants of the premises and that the magistrate intended to authorize such a search. The magistrate must have understood that the officers, who had drafted the warrant, believed that the warrant, if signed, would give them authorization to carry out a search of the scope specified in the application, viz., a search of "all occupants." As a result, the magistrate surely would not have signed the warrant without modification if the magistrate had not wished to confer that authority.

The majority, however, raises a formal objection to the warrant. The majority contends that the warrant unambiguously limits the persons to be searched to John Doe alone. In reaching this conclusion, the majority relies on the entry that the officers placed in the box entitled "SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION OF PREMISES AND/OR PERSONS TO BE SEARCHED. " App. 493a. In that box, the officers placed the name of John Doe, followed by his race, sex, date of birth, hair and eye color, and Social Security number. Id. The officers also included the address and a fairly detailed description of the premises. Id. This information more than filled the space allotted. Id.

At their depositions, both of the officers who signed the affidavit explained why they did not note in the box in question that the warrant authorized a search of all occupants of the premises. They stated that there simply was not room in that box and that the incorporation of the affidavit into the warrant (which was noted in the box entitled "PROBABLE CAUSE BELIEF IS BASED ON THE FOLLOWING FACTS AND CIRCUMSTANCES" ) was meant to provide a full description of the persons to be searched.

[p247] For present purposes, however, the majority attaches no significance to the entry in the box concerning probable cause. The majority takes the position that the only relevant entry is the one in the box entitled "SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION OF PREMISES AND/OR PERSONS TO BE SEARCHED." Because that entry does not refer to all occupants of the premises and does not state that the affidavit is incorporated for the purpose of specifying the persons to be searched, the majority concludes that the warrant does not authorize a search of all such persons. The majority states that the "warrant has no ambiguous . . . terms on its face" and that it is therefore improper to look beyond the face of the warrant. Maj. Op. at 8.

I believe that the majority's analysis is flawed. First and most important, the majority employs a technical and legalistic method of interpretation that is the antithesis of the "commonsense and realistic" approach that is appropriate. Second, the face of the warrant here does not unambiguously restrict the persons to be searched to John Doe alone. As previously noted, the question whether occupants other than John Doe should be searched was closely tied (if not identical) to the question whether there was probable cause to search such persons, and the face of the warrant incorporated the affidavit with respect to the issue of probable cause. This incorporation, at the very least, creates a sufficient ambiguity to permit consideration of the affidavit and the circumstances surrounding the application.

The commonsense reading of this paragraph is that, in the experience of the affiants, drug dealers, when they are about to be arrested, often give contraband or incriminating evidence to other persons who are on the premises ("occupants") in the hope that these persons will not be searched. The majority notes that this passage does not literally state that narcotics dealers often hide drugs on family members and young children," but this is precisely the sort of technical, legalistic reading that is out of place in interpreting a search warrant or supporting affidavit.

For these reasons, I would hold that the warrant did in fact authorize a search of all persons on the premises, including Jane and Mary Doe.

The majority strives to justify its decision by invoking the Supreme Court's recent decision in Groh v. Ramirez, 157 L. Ed. 2d 1068, 124 S.C.t. 1284 (2004), but Groh simply does not speak to the question that divides this panel, i.e., the degree of technical precision that should be demanded in determining whether a warrant adequately incorporates an attached application or affidavit.

In Groh, law enforcement officers submitted an application for a warrant to [p248]  search a ranch for firearms, explosives, and records and later carried out a search for these items, but the warrant did not state that a search for such items was authorized and did not incorporate the application. Id. 157 L. Ed. 2d at 1076. In addition, when the search was completed, the officers gave one of the owners of the ranch a copy of the warrant, "but not a copy of the application, which had been sealed." Id. 157 L. Ed. 2d at 1077 (emphasis added). The Court held that the warrant was defective because it did not particularly describe the type of evidence sought. Id. 157 L. Ed. 2d at 1078. However, the Court was careful to distinguish the case before it from a case in which a warrant incorporates another document that contains such a specification. Id. 157 L. Ed. 2d at 1078. The Court wrote:

"We do not say that the Fourth Amendment forbids a warrant from cross-referencing other documents. Indeed, most Courts of Appeals have held that a court may construe a warrant with reference to a supporting application or affidavit if the warrant uses appropriate words of incorporation, and if the supporting document accompanies the warrant…. But in this case the warrant did not incorporate other documents by reference, nor did either the affidavit or the application (which had been place under seal) accompany the warrant. Hence, we need not further explore the matter of incorporation."

Id. 157 L. Ed. 2d at 1078-79.

My disagreement with the majority concerns the question whether the mode of incorporation in this case was adequate, and Groh does not speak to this question. Groh merely refers without elaboration to "appropriate words of incorporation." Slip Op. at 6. In my view, the appropriateness of "words of incorporation" is to be judged by the "commonsense and realistic" standard that is generally to be used in interpreting warrants. The majority, however, reads the warrant in this case almost as if it were a contract subject to the doctrine of contra proferentum. Groh does not justify such an approach.

II.
Even if the warrant did not confer such authorization, a reasonable officer certainly could have believed that it did, and therefore the defendants' motion for summary judgment based on qualified immunity should have been granted. See Anderson v. Creighton, 483 U.S. 635, 640-41, 97 L. Ed. 2d 523, 107 S.C.t. 3034 (1987). Qualified immunity "provides ample protection to all but the plainly incompetent or those who knowingly violate the law." Malley v. Briggs, 475 U.S. 335, 341, 89 L. Ed. 2d 271, 106 S.C.t. 1092 (1986). See also, e.g., Saucier v. Katz, 533 U.S. 194, 202, 150 L. Ed. 2d 272, 121 S.C.t. 2151 (2001). The appellants in this case did not exhibit incompetence or a willingness to flout the law. Instead, they reasonably concluded that the magistrate had authorized a search of all occupants of the premises where: (1) that is what the application sought; (2) the affidavit asserted that there was probable cause for such a search; (3) the warrant expressly incorporated the affidavit on the issue of probable cause, (4) the language of the warrant was drafted to confer authorization to search all occupants, and (4) the magistrate signed the warrant without modification. In light of the discussion of these points in part I of this opinion, it is unnecessary to address them further here.

[p249] In sum, the District Court erred in denying the defendants' motion for summary judgment. I share the majority's visceral dislike of the intrusive search of John Doe's young daughter, but it is a sad fact that drug dealers sometimes use children to carry out their business and to avoid prosecution. I know of no legal principle that bars an officer from searching a child (in a proper manner) if a warrant has been issued and the warrant is not illegal on its face. Because the warrant in this case authorized the searches that are challenged - and because a reasonable officer, in any event, certainly could have thought that the warrant conferred such authority - I would reverse.

title: Doe v. Groody/Dissent Alito


text:
Page:The Amateur Emigrant-The Silverado Squatters.djvu/210

190 of the rougher dirt off the floor, and left it. That was our sitting-room and kitchen, though there was nothing to sit upon but the table, and no provision for a fire except a hole in the roof of the room above, which had once contained the chimney of a stove. To that upper room we now proceeded. There were the eighteen bunks in a double tier, nine on either hand, where from eighteen to thirty-six miners had once snored together all night long, John Stanley, perhaps, snoring loudest. There was the roof, with a hole in it through which the sun now shot an arrow. There was the floor, in much the same state as the one below, though, perhaps, there was more hay, and certainly there was the added ingredient of broken glass, the man who stole the window-frames having apparently made a miscarriage with this one. Without a broom, without hay or bedding, we could but look about us with a beginning of despair. The one bright arrow of day, in that gaunt and shattered barrack, made the rest look dirtier and darker, and the sight drove us at last into the open. Here, also, the handiwork of man lay ruined: but the plants were all alive and thriving; the view below was fresh with the colours of nature; and we had exchanged a dim, human garret for a corner, even although it were untidy, of the blue hall

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: Talk:Doe v. Groody

title: Talk:Doe v. Groody


text: Talk:In re Video Depot

title: Talk:In re Video Depot


text:
Page:The Amateur Emigrant-The Silverado Squatters.djvu/211

Rh of heaven. Not a bird, not a beast, not a reptile. There was no noise in that part of the world, save when we passed beside the staging, and heard the water musically falling in the shaft.

We wandered to and fro. We searched among that drift of lumber—wood and iron, nails and rails, and sleepers and the wheels of trucks. We gazed up the cleft into the bosom of the mountain. We sat by the margin of the dump and saw, far below us, the green treetops standing still in the clear air. Beautiful perfumes, breaths of bay, resin, and nutmeg, came to us more often and grew sweeter and sharper as the afternoon declined. But still there was no word of Hanson.

I set to with pick and shovel, and deepened the pool behind the shaft, till we were sure of sufficient water for the morning; and by the time I had finished, the sun had begun to go down behind the mountain shoulder, the platform was plunged in quiet shadow, and a chill descended from the sky. Night began early in our cleft. Before us, over the margin of the dump, we could see the sun still striking aslant into the wooded nick below, and on the battlemented, pine-bescattered ridges on the farther side. There was no stove, of course, and no hearth in our lodging, so we betook ourselves to the


text:
Page:The Amateur Emigrant-The Silverado Squatters.djvu/212

192 forge across the platform. If the platform be taken as a stage, and the out-curving margin of the dump to represent the line of the footlights, then our house would be the first wing on the actor's left, and this blacksmith's forge, although no match for it in size, the foremost on the right. It was a low, brown cottage, planted close against the hill, and overhung by the foliage and peeling boughs of a madrona thicket. Within it was full of dead leaves and mountain dust, and rubbish from the mine. But we soon had a good fire brightly blazing, and sat close about it on impromptu seats. Chuchu, the slave of sofa-cushions, whimpered for a softer bed; but the rest of us were greatly revived and comforted by that good creature—fire, which gives us warmth and light and companionable sounds, and colours up the emptiest building with better than frescoes. For awhile it was even pleasant in the forge, with the blaze in the midst, and a look over our shoulders on the woods and mountains where the day was dying like a dolphin. It was between seven and eight before Hanson arrived, with a waggonful of our effects and two of his wife's relatives to lend him a hand. The elder showed surprising strength. He would pick up a huge packing-case, full of books of all things, swing it on his shoulder, and away up the two


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Guest, George


text:
Page:The Amateur Emigrant-The Silverado Squatters.djvu/208

188 Where is John Stanley mining now? Where is S. Chapman, within whose hospitable walls we were to lodge? The date was but five years old, but in that time the world had changed for Silverado; like Palmyra in the desert, it had outlived its people and its purpose; we camped, like Layard, amid ruins, and these names spoke to us of prehistoric time. A boot-jack, a pair of boots, a dog-hutch, and these bills of Mr. Chapman's were the only speaking relics that we disinterred from all that vast Silverado rubbish-heap; but what would I not have given to unearth a letter, a pocket-book, a diary, only a ledger, or a roll of names, to take me back, in a more personal manner, to the past? It pleases me, besides, to fancy that Stanley or Chapman, or one of their companions, may light upon this chronicle, and be struck by the name, and read some news of their anterior home, coming, as it were, out of a subsequent epoch of history in that quarter of the world. As we were tumbling the mingled rubbish on the floor, kicking it with our feet, and groping for these written evidences of the past, Sam, with a somewhat whitened face, produced a paper bag. "What's this?" said he. It contained a granulated powder, something the colour of Gregory's Mixture, but rosier; and as there were several of the bags, and each more or less broken, the powder


text:
Page:Best Russian Short Stories.djvu/31

Rh of a house of antiquated architecture. The street was blocked with equipages; carriages one after the other drew up in front of the brilliantly illuminated doorway. At one moment there stepped out on to the pavement the well-shaped little foot of some young beauty, at another the heavy boot of a cavalry officer, and then the silk stockings and shoes of a member of the diplomatic world. Furs and cloaks passed in rapid succession before the gigantic porter at the entrance.

Hermann stopped. "Who'sWhose [sic] house is this?" he asked of the watchman at the corner.

"The Countess A——'s," replied the watchman.

Hermann started. The strange story of the three cards again presented itself to his imagination. He began walking up and down before the house, thinking of its owner and her strange secret. Returning late to his modest lodging, he could not go to sleep for a long time, and when at last he did doze off, he could dream of nothing but cards, green tables, piles of banknotes and heaps of ducats. He played one card after the other, winning uninterruptedly, and then he gathered up the gold and filled his pockets with the notes. When he woke up late the next morning, he sighed over the loss of his imaginary wealth, and then sallying out into the town, he found himself once more in front of the Countess's residence. Some unknown power seemed to have attracted him thither. He stopped and looked up at the windows. At one of these he saw a head with luxuriant black hair, which was bent down probably over some book or an embroidery frame. The head was raised. Hermann saw a fresh complexion and a pair of dark eyes. That moment decided his fate.

IZAVETA IVANOVNA had scarcely taken off her hat and cloak, when the Countess sent for her and again ordered her to get the carriage ready. The vehicle drew up before the door, and they prepared to take their seats. Just at the moment when two footmen were assisting the old lady to enter the carriage, Lizaveta saw her Engineer standing

title: Page:Best Russian Short Stories.djvu/31


text:
Page:The Amateur Emigrant-The Silverado Squatters.djvu/213

Rh crazy ladders and the breakneck spout of rolling mineral, familiarly termed a path, that led from the car-track to our house. Even for a man unburthened, the ascent was toilsome and precarious; but Irvine scaled it with a light foot, carrying box after box, as the hero whisks the stage child up the practicable footway beside the waterfall of the fifth act. With so strong a helper, the business was speedily transacted. Soon the assayer's office was thronged with our belongings, piled higgledy-piggledy, and upside down, about the floor. There were our boxes, indeed, but my wife had left her keys in Calistoga. There was the stove, but, alas! our carriers had forgot the chimney, and lost one of the plates along the road. The Silverado problem was scarce solved. Rufe himself was grave and good-natured over his share of blame; he even, if I remember right, expressed regret. But his crew, to my astonishment and anger, grinned from ear to ear, and laughed aloud at our distress. They thought it "real funny" about the stovepipe they had forgotten; "real funny" that they should have lost a plate. As for hay, the whole party refused to bring us any till they should have supped. See how late they were! Never had there been such a job as coming up that grade! Nor often, I suspect, such a game of poker as that before they


text: Talk:In re U.S. Truck Co.

title: Talk:In re U.S. Truck Co.


text: Talk:Air Pollution Control District v. United States EPA


text: Category:United States court decisions on the Fourth Amendment


text:
Page:The Amateur Emigrant-The Silverado Squatters.djvu/214

194 started. But about nine, as a particular favour, we should have some hay. So they took their departure, leaving me still staring, and we resigned ourselves to wait for their return. The fire in the forge had been suffered to go out, and we were one and all too weary to kindle another. We dined, or, not to take that word in vain, we ate after a fashion, in the nightmare disorder of the assayer's office, perched among boxes. A single candle lighted us. It could scarce be called a house-warming; for there was, of course, no fire, and with the two open doors and the open window gaping on the night, like breaches in a fortress, it began to grow rapidly chill. Talk ceased; nobody moved but the unhappy Chuchu, still in quest of sofa-cushions, who tumbled complainingly among the trunks. It required a certain happiness of disposition to look forward hopefully, from so dismal a beginning, across the brief hours of night, to the warm shining of to-morrow's sun. But the hay arrived at last, and we turned, with our last spark of courage, to the bedroom. We had improved the entrance, but it was still a kind of rope-walking; and it .would have been droll to see us mounting, one after another, by candlelight, under the open stars. The western door—that which looked up the


text:
Page:The Amateur Emigrant-The Silverado Squatters.djvu/215

Rh cañon, and through which we entered by our bridge of flying plank—was still entire, a handsome, panelled door, the most finished piece of carpentry in Silverado. And the two lowest bunks next to this we roughly filled with hay for that night's use. Through the opposite, or eastern-looking gable, with its open door and window, a faint, diffused starshine came into the room like mist; and when we were once in bed, we lay, awaiting sleep, in a haunted, incomplete obscurity. At first the silence of the night was utter. Then a high wind began in the distance among the treetops, and for hours continued to grow higher. It seemed to me much such a wind as we had found on our visit; yet here in our open chamber we were fanned only by gentle and refreshing draughts, so deep was the cañon, so close our house was planted under the overhanging rock.


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hardy, John Stockdale


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/72


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/76


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/78


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/77


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/81


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/82


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/85


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/89


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/90


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/93


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/98


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/101


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hardy, Samuel


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/102


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/103


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/104


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/105


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/106


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/108


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/107


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/111


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/112


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/114


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/113


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/117


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/121


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/122


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/125


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/128


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/131


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/132


text:
Page:Hoyt's New Cyclopedia Of Practical Quotations (1922).djvu/18

xii

 * B


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/135


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/136


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/138


text: Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/137


text: Portal talk:Nuremberg trials

title: Portal talk:Nuremberg trials


text: Portal talk:World War I

title: Portal talk:World War I


text: Portal talk:World War II

title: Portal talk:World War II


text: Portal talk:Rif Wars

title: Portal talk:Rif Wars


text: Portal talk:Spanish-American War

title: Portal talk:Spanish-American War


text: Portal talk:Mahdist War

title: Portal talk:Mahdist War


text: Portal talk:Boer Wars

title: Portal talk:Boer Wars


text: Portal talk:Russo-Turkish Wars

title: Portal talk:Russo-Turkish Wars


text: Portal talk:Franco-Prussian War

title: Portal talk:Franco-Prussian War


text: Portal talk:Russo-Japanese War

title: Portal talk:Russo-Japanese War


text: User:Ucakyce

title: User:Ucakyce


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Guy, Henry


text:
Page:EB1911 - Volume 15.djvu/828

 classics in 1847; in the same year married Lady Florence Fitzgibbon (d. 1895), daughter of the last earl of Clare. He was by inheritance a Liberal in politics, and in 1852–1856 and 1859–1861 he was under secretary of state for foreign affairs in Lord Aberdeen’s and Lord Palmerston’s ministries. In the interval (1856–1858) he had been envoy-extraordinary to Russia; and in 1863 he was sent on a special mission to Copenhagen on the forlorn hope of finding a peaceful solution of the Schleswig-Holstein question. The mission was a failure, but probably nothing else was possible. In 1864 he became under secretary for India, but towards the end of the year was made Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland. In that capacity he had to grapple with the first manifestations of Fenianism, and in recognition of his vigour and success he was created (1866) earl of Kimberley. In July 1866 he vacated his office with the fall of Lord Russell’s ministry, but in 1868 he became Lord Privy Seal in Mr Gladstone’s cabinet, and in July 1870 was transferred from that post to be secretary of state for the colonies. It was the moment of the great diamond discoveries in South Africa, and the new town of Kimberley was named after the colonial secretary of the day. After an interval of opposition from 1874 to 1880, Lord Kimberley returned to the Colonial Office in Mr Gladstone’s next ministry; but at the end of 1882 he exchanged this office first for that of chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster and then for the secretaryship of state for India, a post he retained during the remainder of Mr Gladstone’s tenure of power (1882–1886, 1892–1894), though in 1892–1894 he combined with it that of the lord presidency of the council. In Lord Rosebery’s cabinet (1894–1895) he was foreign secretary. Lord Kimberley was an admirable departmental chief, but it is difficult to associate his own personality with any ministerial act during his occupation of all these posts. He was at the colonial office when responsible government was granted to Cape Colony, when British Columbia was added to the Dominion of Canada, and during the Boer War of 1880–81, with its conclusion at Majuba; and he was foreign secretary when the misunderstanding arose with Germany over the proposed lease of territory from the Congo Free State for the Cape to Cairo route. He was essentially a loyal Gladstonian party man. His moderation, common sense, and patriotism had their influence, nevertheless, on his colleagues. As leader of the Liberal party in the House of Lords he acted with undeviating dignity; and in opposition he was a courteous antagonist and a critic of weight and experience. He took considerable interest in education, and after being for many years a member of the senate of London University, he became its chancellor in 1899. He died in London on the 8th of April 1902, being succeeded in the earldom by his eldest and only surviving son, Lord Wodehouse (b. 1848).  KIMBERLEY, a town of the Cape province, South Africa, the centre of the Griqualand West diamond industry, 647 m. N.E. of Cape Town and 310 m. S.W. of Johannesburg by rail. Pop. (1904), 34,331, of whom 13,556 were whites. The town is built on the bare veld midway between the Modder and Vaal Rivers and is 4012 ft. above the sea. Having grown out of camps formed round the diamond mines, its plan is very irregular and in striking contrast with the rectangular outline common to South African towns. Grouped round market square are the law courts, with a fine clock tower, the post and telegraph offices and the town-hall. The public library and the hospital are in Du Toits Pan Road. In the district of Newton, laid out during the siege of 1899–1900, a monument to those who fell during the operations has been erected where four roads meet. Siege Avenue, in the suburb of Kenilworth, 250 ft. wide, a mile and a quarter long, and planted with 16 rows of trees, was also laid out during the siege. In the public gardens are statues of Queen Victoria and Cecil Rhodes. The diamond mines form, however, the chief attraction of the town (see ). Of these the Kimberley is within a few minutes’ walk of market square. The De Beers mine is one mile east of the Kimberley mine. The other principal mines, Bultfontein, Du Toits Pan and Wesselton, are still farther distant from the town. Barbed wire fencing surrounds the mines, which cover about 180 acres.

The Kaffirs who work in the mines are housed in large compounds. Wire netting is spread over these enclosures, and every precaution taken to prevent the illicit disposal of diamonds. Ample provision is made for the comfort of the inmates, who in addition to food and lodging earn from 17s. to 24s. a week. Most of the white workmen employed live at Kenilworth, laid out by the De Beers company as a “model village.” Beaconsfield, near Du Toits Pan Mine, is also dependent on the diamond industry.

Kimberley was founded in 1870 by diggers who discovered diamonds on the farms of Du Toits Pan and Bultfontein. In 1871 richer diamonds were found on the neighbouring farm of Vooruitzight at places named De Beers and Colesberg Kopje. There were at first three distinct mining camps, one at Du Toits Pan, another at De Beers (called De Beers Rush or Old De Beers) and the third at the Colesberg Kopje (called De Beers New Rush, or New Rush simply). The Colesberg Kopje mine was in July 1873 renamed Kimberley in honour of the then secretary of state for the colonies, the 1st earl of Kimberley, by whose direction the mines were—in 1871—taken under the protection of Great Britain. Kimberley was also chosen as the name of the town into which the mining camps developed. Doubt having arisen as to the rights of the crown to the minerals on Vooruitzight farm, litigation ensued, ending in the purchase of the farm by the state for £100,000 in 1875. In 1880 the town was incorporated in Cape Colony (see ). In 1874 a great part of the population left for the newly discovered gold diggings in the Lydenburg district of the Transvaal, but others took their place. Among those early attracted to Kimberley were Cecil Rhodes and “Barney” Barnato, who in time came to represent two groups of financiers controlling the mines. The amalgamation of their interests in 1889—when the De Beers group purchased the Kimberley mine for £5,338,650—put the whole diamond production of the Kimberley fields in the hands of one company, the De Beers Consolidated Mines, Ltd., so named after the former owners of the farms on which are situated the chief mines. Kimberley in consequence became largely dependent on the good-will of the De Beers corporation, the town having practically no industries other than diamond mining. Horse-breeding is carried on to a limited extent. The value of the annual output of diamonds averages about £4,500,000. The importance of the industry led to the building of a railway from Cape Town, opened in 1885. On the outbreak of war between the British and the Boers in 1899 Kimberley was invested by a Boer force. The siege began on the 12th of October and lasted until the 15th of February 1900, when the town was relieved by General Sir John French. Among the besieged was Cecil Rhodes, who placed the resources of the De Beers company at the disposal of the defenders. In 1906 the town was put in direct railway communication with Johannesburg, and in 1908 the completion of the line from Bloemfontein gave Natal direct access to Kimberley, which thus became an important railway centre.

 KIMERIDGIAN, in geology, the basal division of the Upper Oolites in the Jurassic system. The name is derived from the hamlet of Kimeridge or Kimmeridge near the coast of Dorsetshire, England. It appears to have been first suggested by T. Webster in 1812; in 1818, in the form Kimeridge Clay, it was used by Buckland. From the Dorsetshire coast, where it is splendidly exposed in the fine cliffs from St Alban’s Head to Gad Cliff, it follows the line of Jurassic outcrop through Wiltshire, where there is a broad expanse between Westbury and Devizes, as far as Yorkshire, there it appears in the vale of Pickering and on the coast in Filey Bay. It generally occupied broad valleys, of which the vale of Aylesbury may be taken as typical. Good exposures occur at Seend, Calne, Swindon, Wootton Bassett, Faringdon, Abingdon, Culham, Shotover Hill, Brill, Ely and Market Rasen. Traces of the formation are found as far north as the east coast of Cromarty and Sutherland at Eathie and Helmsdale.

In England the Kimeridgian is usually divisible into an Upper Series, 600–650 ft. in the south, dark bituminous shales, paper

title: Page:EB1911 - Volume 15.djvu/828


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Kimberley

title: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Kimberley


text: Portal talk:Vietnam War

title: Portal talk:Vietnam War


text: Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 23.djvu/453


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 23.djvu/44

the strange cures by him lately performed. Written by himself in a letter addressed to the Honble Robert Boyle, esq. Whereunto are annexed the testimonials of several eminent and worthy persons of the chief matters of fact therein related,' small 8vo, London, 1666. Prefixed is an engraving by William Faithorne the elder [q. v.] representing Greatrakes stroking with both hands the head of a youth ; this has been several times reproduced.

 GREATRAKES, WILLIAM (1723?–1781), barrister, born in Waterford about 1723, was the eldest son of Alan Greatrakes of Mount Lahan, near Killeagh, co. Cork, by his wife Frances Supple, of the neighbouring village of Aghadoe. He was entered at Trinity College, Dublin, as a pensioner 9 July 1740, and became a scholar in 1744, but did not take a degree. It is not improbable that he served for a few years in the army. On 19 March 1750-1 he was admitted as a student at the Middle Temple, and was called to the Irish bar in Easter term 1761. He does not appear to have practised very much, nor to have had a residence in Dublin; and he had formally retired from the bar before 1776 (, Dublin Directory, 1766, 1776). He died at the Bear Inn, Hungerford, Berkshire, on 2 Aug. 1781, when on his way from Bristol to London, and was buried in Hungerford churchyard. On his tombstone was inscribed 'stat nominis umbra;' he was wrongly stated to have died in the fifty-second year of his age. In the letters of administration P. C. C., granted on 25 May 1782 to his sister, Elizabeth Courtenay, widow, who was sworn by commission, he is described as 'late of Castlemartyr in the county of Cork, a bachelor.' Greatrakes acquired some posthumous importance from his supposed connection with the authorship of the letters of Junius. The materials of the letters were said to have been furnished by Lord Shelburne, and worked up by Greatrakes as his private secretary. It was pointed out that Greatrakes probably gained his introduction to Lord Shelburne through Colonel Isaac Barré, his fellow-student at Trinity College, Dublin; that he died at Hungerford, not far from Lord Shelburne's seat, Bowood, and that his tombstone bore the Latin motto prefixed to Junius's letters. Such was the story which Wraxall says was 'confidently circulated' in his time (Historical Memoirs, ed. Wheatley, i. 341-2). The family, especially the lady members, obligingly supplied many curious 'proofs' in further support of the case. The first public mention of Greatrakes's claim was probably in the 'Anti-Jacobin Review,' in an extremely inaccurate letter, dated July 1799, from Charles Butler. The next published reference appeared in the 'Cork Mercantile Chronicle' for 7 Sept. 1804, in a communication from D. J. Murphy of Cork, who reports at third hand a story from James Wigmore that the original manuscripts of Junius had been found in Greatrakes's trunk. A later family reminiscence asserted that a Captain Stopford of the 63rd regiment of foot had received Greatrakes's confession of the authorship on his deathbed. Before any of the family could reach Hungerford Stopford had fled to America with all Greatrakes's effects, including 1,000l. in money. No Captain Stopford is in the army lists. A third communication appeared in the 'Gentleman's Magazine' for December 1813 (vol. lxxxiii. pt. ii. p. 547). The writer, who signs himself 'One of the Pack,' states that Greatrakes had made the acquaintance of a judge by defending a friendless soldier, and thus been introduced to Lord Shelburne, 'in whose house he was an inmate during the publication of the letters of Junius.' The writer enclosed an autograph 'Will Greatrakes,' cut from a book that had been in his possession, of which a facsimile appeared at p. 545. In 1848 John Britton reproduced all these absurdities as authentic facts in a work entitled 'The Authorship of the Letters of Junius elucidated.' He held that Barré was Junius, probably inspired by Shelburne and Dunning, and that Greatrakes was the amanuensis employed. There is no evidence that he was ever in Shelburne's family (cf., Papers of a Critic, ii. 2, 3-4). Britton based his opinion on the facsimile of Greatrakes's signature in the 'Gentleman's Magazine.' Chabot the expert has specified several points of difference between the handwriting of Greatrakes and Junius, and the whole story is inconsistent and absurd ( and, The Handwriting of Junius professionally investiqated, pp. l-li. 203-7).


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 23.djvu/389

 in full, and committed them to memory; but his manner was spontaneous, and he could introduce thoughts which rose in what he called the white heat of preaching. In Arbirlot he started such innovations as a savings bank, a Sunday school, and a parish library, and his personal popularity and tact insured their success.

In 1837 he was ordained one of the ministers of Old Greyfriars Church, Edinburgh, and in 1840 he was appointed to St. John's parish there. He left Arbirlot with many misgivings as to his power to influence Edinburgh congregations. But his preaching proved as attractive in Edinburgh as in Arbirlot. From his first sermon in 1837 down to his retirement in 1864 the announcement that he was to preach, whether in Edinburgh or elsewhere, drew large congregations. His audiences were not confined to members of his own denomination or to any one class. Lord Cockburn described his sermons as appealing equally to 'the poor woman on the steps of the pulpit' and to 'the strangers attracted solely by his eloquence.' Guthrie's colleague, [q. v.], pointed to the motley collection of human beings of all classes and conditions brought together by his preaching, and to the exceptional length of years through which his popularity in the pulpit was maintained.

On coming to Edinburgh in 1837 the conflict in the church of Scotland, which ended in the disruption of 1843, was in progress [see ]. Between 1838 and 1843 Guthrie vigorously supported Chalmers and the other opponents of the intrusion of civil authority into church government. His gift of platform speaking proved invaluable. 'In his own sphere,' wrote Dr. Candlish, 'and in his own way Guthrie was to us, and to the principles on which we acted, a tower of strength. His eloquence alone—so thoroughly inspired by his own idiosyncrasy, so full always of genial humour, and yet withal so ready for passionate and affectionate appeals—made him an invaluable boon to our Church in the Ten Years' Conflict and afterwards.' On 18 May 1843 the disruption finally came, and 474 ministers, Guthrie among them, seceded from the national church. Guthrie's prediction that all the missionaries in foreign countries would join the free church was fulfilled. Guthrie became minister of Free St. John's Church in Edinburgh, and most of his old congregation followed him. The change involved for him little pecuniary sacrifice, but in behalf of his less fortunate colleagues Guthrie made it his special endeavour to raise a fund for building manses, or residences, for the ministers. In twelve months, from July 1845 to June 1846, he collected 116,000l., and a caricature of the period represented him as 'the modern Samson' carrying the manses of the free church on his back. In later years he advocated a union between the free church and the united presbyterian church. But he never doubted the wisdom or propriety of the disruption. His incessant exertions at a continuous series of public meetings in the cause laid the foundation of heart disease, which only an iron constitution enabled him to withstand. In 1847 Sir James Clark informed him that he would probably never preach again. Other physicians gave him the same opinion. Yet he preached for more than twenty years afterwards.

Guthrie, a liberal in politics, was always active in the social movements of his day. He took a leading part in the agitation for a national system of education which produced the Scotch Education Act of 1872, and was one of the first in Scotland to advocate compulsory education. But his name is chiefly associated with the cause of Scotch ragged schools. He was what Dr. Samuel Smiles called him in 'Self-Help,' the apostle of the ragged school movement rather than its founder. His earliest work as a pastor in Edinburgh lay to a large extent among the poorest and most degraded classes living in the wynds and closes of his parishes of Old Greyfriars and St. John's. He soon perceived that the most effective results were to be obtained among the young. This conviction produced his 'Plea for Ragged Schools' in 1847, which led to the establishment of the 'Original Ragged Schools' in Edinburgh for the class whom he called 'city Arabs.' The interest excited was universal. Lord Jeffrey sent 50l. with a strongly sympathetic letter, and contributions came from the most diverse quarters. Guthrie's insistence on his right to teach the whole Bible to all his ragged scholars led subsequently to the withdrawal of some of his supporters and to the establishment of the United Industrial School. But the real value of Guthrie's ragged school work was accurately stated by William Robertson, D.D., whose New Greyfriars school was established before Guthrie's: 'It is not the single school which Thomas Guthrie established under the shadow of our ancient fortress which is his real monument, but the hundreds of ragged schools which the powerful pleading of his eloquent tongue and pen has planted in half the cities of the British Empire.'

In 1844 he became, in spite of ridicule, a total abstainer. He ardently supported the cause in sermons, speeches, and pamphlets, notably in the volume entitled 'The City,


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 23.djvu/78

are prefixed. The story, remotely autobiographical, relates the adventures of a young man, Philador, who, beguiled by rapacious courtesans, endures much misery, but finally returns a penitent to his father's house. At the end is an apologetical discourse in which Greene announces that he will write no more love-pamphlets, and that he intends to apply himself henceforward to serious studies. He wishes his 'Mourning Garment' to be regarded as 'the first fruites of my new labours and the last farewell to my fond desires.' (18) 'Greenes Neuer too Late. Or, a Powder of Experience: sent to all Youthful Gentlemen … Omne tulit punctum,' with the continuation 'Francescos Fortunes: Or the second part of Greenes Neuer too Late… Sero sed serio,' was published in 1590, 4to Francesco tells in the first part how he deserted his wife Isabella for a courtesan, Infida, who robbed him of his last penny and then thrust him out of doors, whereupon he fell among a company of actors and was encouraged by them to write plays, an employment which he found lucrative and congenial. When Infida heard of his success she tried to win him back to her side; but he rejected her advances. The second part shows his return to the faithful Isabella, whose virtue had been put to severe trial in his absence. Passages in the first part of Francesco's career clearly relate Greene's own experiences; but the second part is fiction. The tract was reprinted in 1600, 1607, 1616, 1631, and n. d. Each part has a separate dedication to Thomas Burnaby; Ralph Sidley and Richard Hake prefixed commendatory verses to the first part, and before the second part are more verses by Hake and an anonymous sonnet. (19) 'Greenes farewell to Folly: sent to Covrtiers and Schollers as a president to warne them from the vaine delights that drawes youth on to repentance. Sero sed serio,' 1591, 4to (Bodleian), was licensed 11 June 1587, but was probably altered later. It consists of a series of discussions on pride, love, &c., supposed to take place in a villa near Florence. Greene declares in the dedicatory epistle, addressed to Robert Carey, that this pamphlet is 'the last I meane euer to publish of such superficiall labours.' The prefatory address to the students of both universities has an attack on the anonymous author of the poor play 'Fair Emm.' Another edition appeared in 1617. Sir Christopher Hatton died 20 Sept. 1591, and Greene paid a tribute to his memory in an elegy entitled (20) 'A Maiden's Dreame. Vpon the death of the right Honorable Sir Christopher Hatton, Knight, late Lord Chancelor of England,' 1591, 4to (Lambeth Palace), dedicated to the wife of Sir William Hatton, the late chancellor's nephew.

Then followed a batch of pamphlets written to expose the practices of the swindlers who infested the metropolis. (21) 'A Notable Discouery of Coosnage. Now daily practised by sundry lewd persons called Connie-catchers and Crosse-biters. … Nascimur pro patria,' 1591, 4to (Brit. Mus.), reprinted in 1592, was licensed 13 Dec. 1591. It shows the various tricks by which card-sharpers and panders cozen unwary countrymen, and touches on the dishonesty of coal-dealers who give light weight to poor customers. In the preface Greene states that the 'conny-catchers' had threatened to cut off his hand if he persisted in his purpose of exposing their villainies. (22) 'The Second part of Conny-catching. Contayning the discouery of certaine wondrous Coosenages, either superficiallie past ouer, or vtterlie vntoucht in the first. … Mallem non esse quam non prodesse patrie [sic],' 1591, 4to (Huth), reprinted in 1592, treats of horse-stealing, swindling at bowls, picking of locks, &c. (23) 'The Thirde and last Part of Conny-catching. With the new devised knauish Art of Foole-taking,' 1592, 4to (Brit. Mus.), was entered in the 'Stationers' Register' 7 Feb. 1591-2. Greene states that he had intended to write only two parts, but that, having learned new particulars about 'conny-catchers ' from a justice of the peace, he published the additional information. (24) 'A Dispvtation Betweene a Hee Conny-catcher and a Shee Conny-catcher, whether a Theefe or a Whoore is most hurtfull in Cousonage to the Common-wealth. …Nascimur pro patria,' 1592, 4to (Huth), an entertaining medley, was reprinted with alterations in 1617 under the title 'Theeves falling out, True Men come by their Goods,' 4to. He states in the 'Dispvtation ' that a band of 'conny-catchers' made an attempt on his life. (25) 'The Black Bookes Messenger. Laying open the Life and Death of Ned Browne, one of the most notable Cutpurses, Crosbiters, and Conny-catchers, that euer liued in England. … Nascimur pro patria,' 1592, 4to (Bodleian), was intended as an introduction to a 'Blacke Booke' which Greene had in preparation, but which was never issued. When he had written this introduction he fell ill; but he looked forward to publishing the larger work after his recovery. He also promised to issue a tract called 'The Conny-catcher's Repentance,' which did not appear. Earlier in 1592 was issued (26) 'The Defence of Connycatching. Or, a Confvtation of those two injurious Pamphlets pubished by R. G. against the practitioners of many Nimble-witted and mysticall Sciences.


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 23.djvu/79

By Cuthbert Cony-catcher,' 1592, 4to (Brit. Mus.) The writer contends that since there is knavery in all trades Greene might have let the poor 'conny-catchers' alone and flown at higher game. Greene is himself charged with cheating: 'Aske the Queen's Players if you sold them not Orlando Furioso for twenty nobles, and when they were in the country sold the same play to the Lord Admirals men for as much more. Was not this plaine Conny-catching, R. G.?' Nevertheless it is not improbable that Greene wrote this 'Defence,' or at least was privy to the publication. He would certainly have had no objection to let it be known that he had gulled the players. The whole series of 'conny-catching' pamphlets (some of which are adorned with curious woodcuts) is full of interest. Greene had brushed against disreputable characters, but much of his information could have been got from Harman's 'Caveat' and other sources. Nor need we accept the view that his sole object in publishing these books was to benefit society and atone for his unprincipled life. As a matter of fact, some of the pamphlets are by no means edifying; they amused the public, and that was enough. Samuel Rowlands and Dekker went over the ground again a few years later. 'Questions concerning Coniehood and the nature of the Conie,' n. d., 4to, 'Mihil Mumchance,' n. d., 4to, and other anonymous 'conny-catching' tracts have been uncritically assigned to Greene.

(27) ‘Philomela. The Lady Fitzwaters Nightingale. … Sero sed serio. Il vostro Malignare non Giova Nulla,’ 1592, 4to (Bodleian), licensed 1 July, an Italian story of jealousy, was dedicated to Lady Fitzwater; and Greene states that, in christening it in her ladyship's name, he followed the example of Abraham Fraunce [q. v.], ‘who titled the lamentations of Aminta vnder the name of the Countesse of Pembrookes Iuie Church.’ ‘Philomela’ was written (he tells us) before he had made his vow not to print any more ‘wanton pamphlets.’ He wished the romance to be published anonymously, but yielded to the publisher's earnest entreaty. Later editions were published in 1615, 1631, and n. d. (28) ‘A Qvip for an Vpstart Courtier: or, a quaint dispute between Veluet-breeches and Cloth-breeches. Wherein is plainely set downe the disorders in all Estates and Trades,’ 4to, licensed 20 July 1592, appears to have passed through three editions in that year. In its original form the tract contained a satirical notice of Gabriel Harvey and his brothers; but none of the extant copies has the libellous passage, though a certain ropemaker (Harvey's father was a ropemaker) is introduced. Richard Harvey, Gabriel's younger brother, in a ‘Theological Discourse of the Lamb of God,’ had spoken disrespectfully of ‘piperly make-plaies and make-bates.’ Thereupon Greene ‘being chief agent of the companie (for hee writ more than four other) tooke occasion to canuaze him a little in his Cloth-breeches and Veluet-breeches; and because by some probable collections hee gest the elder brothers hand was in it he coupled them both in one yoake, and to fulfill the proverbe Tria sunt omnia, thrust in the third brother who made a perfect parriall [pair royal] of pamphleters. About some seauen or eight lines it was’ (, Strange Newes, 1592). Gabriel Harvey declares (Fovre Letters) that Greene cancelled the obnoxious passage from fear of legal proceedings. According to Nashe, who ridicules Harvey's statement, a certain doctor of physic (consulted by Greene in his sickness) read the book and laughed over the 'three brothers legend,' but begged Greene to omit the passage altogether, or tone it down, for one of the brothers 'was proceeded in the same facultie of phisicke hee profest, and willinglie hee would have none of that excellent calling ill spoken off.' Greene cancelled or altered the passage; but some copies containing the offensive matter appear to have got abroad. The pamphlet contrasts the pride and uncharitableness of present times with the simplicity and hospitality of the past, denouncing upstart gentlemen who maintain themselves in luxury by depressing their poor tenants. It was dedicated to Thomas Barnaby, who is praised as a father of the poor and supporter of ancient hospitality. Greene was very largely indebted to a poem by F. T. (not Francis Thynne) entitled 'The Debate between Pride and Lowliness.' The 'Quip' was reprinted in 1606, 1615, 1620, 1625, and 1635. A Dutch translation was published at the Hague in 1601, and later editions appeared; the pamphlet was also translated into French. This was the latest work issued in Greene's lifetime.

The first of his posthumous tracts: (29)‘Greens Groatsworth of Wit, bought with a Million of Repentance.… Written before his death, and published at his dying request. Fælicem fuisse infaustum,’ 4to, was licensed 20 Sept. 1592; but the earliest extant edition is dated 1596 (Huth). It was reprinted in 1600,1616, 1617, 1620, 1621, 1629, 1637, n.d. Henry Chettle, who edited this tract from Greene's original manuscript, tells us in the preface to ‘Kind Harts Dreame’ (licensed December 1592) that he toned down a passage (unquestionably relating to Marlowe) in the notorious letter ‘To those gentlemen


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 23.djvu/80

his quondam acquaintance,’ but that he added nothing of his own. ‘I protest,’ he writes, ‘it was all Greenes, not mine, nor Maister Nashes, as some uniustly haue affirmed.’ In the ‘Private Epistle to the Printer,’ prefixed to ‘Pierce Pennilesse’ (issued at the close of 1592), Nashe indignantly repudiates all connection with the ‘Groatsworth of Wit.’ There is, indeed, not the slightest ground for suspecting the authenticity of the tract. It narrates the adventures of a young man, Roberto, who, deserting his wife, makes the acquaintance of some strolling players, becomes ‘famoused for an arch-playmaking poet,’ continually shifts his lodging, and bilks his hostesses; consorts with the most abandoned characters, and ruins his health by sensual indulgence. Towards the end of the tract Greene interrupts Roberto's moralising: ‘Heere, gentlemen, breake I off Roberto's speech, whose life in most part agreeing with mine, found the selfe punishment as I haue done.’ Greene is not to be identified with Roberto in every detail. For instance, Roberto is represented as the son of an ‘old usurer called Gorinius,’ who is described in the most unflattering terms; whereas Greene's father is praised in ‘The Repentance’ for his honest life. Having narrated the story of Roberto, Greene takes his farewell of the ‘deceiving world’ in an impressive copy of verses, and adds a string of maxims. He then delivers an address ‘to those gentlemen his quondam acquaintance that spend their wits in making plaies,’ in which, after uttering a solemn warning to Marlowe, ‘Young Juuenall’ (probably Nashe, not Lodge), and Peele, he assailed with invective the ‘vpstart crow,’ Shakespeare. The pamphlet closes with a pathetic ‘letter written to his wife, found with this booke after his death.’ A second posthumous pamphlet, (30) ‘The Repentance of Robert Greene, Maister of Artes. Wherein by himselfe is laid open his loose life with the manner of his death,’ 4to (Bodleian), licensed 6 Oct. 1592, and published in the same year, gives a brief account, seemingly drawn from his own papers, of Greene's dissolute courses. But it was probably ‘edited,’ and the passage in which he thanks God for having put it into his head to write the pamphlets on ‘conny-catching’ has a suspicious look, as though it were introduced in order to advertise those pamphlets. Appended is an account of Greene's last sickness, with a copy, somewhat differing from the version printed by Gabriel Harvey, of the last letter to his wife; also a prayer that he composed shortly before his death. Another posthumous work is (31) ‘Greenes Vision. Written at the instant of his death. Conteyning a penitent passion for the folly of his Pen. Sero sed serio’(1592?), 4to (Brit. Mus.) The publisher, Thomas Newman, in the dedicatory epistle to Nicholas Sanders, declares that every word of this tract is Greene's own. We have Chettle's authority for the fact that Greene left at his death many papers, which, fell into the hands of booksellers. The ‘Vision’ may have been put together from some of these papers; but it certainly was not written in his last illness. It begins by declaring that ‘The Cobler of Canterbury’ (an anonymous tract published in 1590) had been wrongly attributed to Greene, much to his annoyance; yet this ‘Vision’ is to some extent modelled on ‘The Cobler.’ Chaucer and Gower are supposed to appear to Greene in a dream, and to hold a discussion about his writings, Chaucer commending and moral Gower condemning them. In the end Solomon presents himself and counsels the study of divinity.

Greene's dramatic work is not so interesting as his pamphlets. Only five undoubted plays (all posthumously published) have come down, and their chronological order cannot be accurately fixed. (32) ‘The Historie of Orlando Furioso. As it was plaid before the Queenes Maiestie,’ 1594, 4to (2nd edit. 1599; both editions are in Brit. Mus.), founded on an episode in the twenty-third book of Ariosto's poem, is mentioned in Henslowe's ‘Diary’ as having been acted 21 Feb. 1591-2 by Lord Strange's men; but the date of its original production is unknown. It is a poor play, with a very corrupt text. In Dulwich College is preserved a transcript made for Edward Alleyn of a portion of Orlando's part it differs considerably from the printed text. (33) ‘A Looking Glass for London and England. Made by Thomas Lodge, gentleman, and Robert Greene. In Artibus Magister,’ 1594, 4to (Brit. Mus.), reprinted in 1598, 1602, and 1617, is mentioned in Henslowe's Diary under date March 1591-2. This is a didactic play on the subject of Jonah and the Ninevites, with comical matter intermixed. Mr. F. Locker-Lampson has an undated edition containing some early manuscript annotations. When Lodge left England with Cavendish (in August 1591) he handed the manuscript of his ‘Euphues Shadow’ to Greene, who issued it in 1592 with a dedicatory epistle to Lord Fitzwater, and an address to the gentlemen readers. (34) ‘The Honorable Historic of frier Bacon and frier Bongay. As it was plaid by her Maiesties seruants,’ 1594, 4to (Devonshire House), reprinted in 1599, 1630, 1655, was founded on the prose tract (of which no early edition is known), ‘The Famous History of Friar


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 23.djvu/390

its Sins and Sorrows.' He took his full share in the prolonged fight which resulted in the passing in 1853 of the 'Forbes Mackenzie Act' (a measure resisted at every step by the whole liquor interest), which gave to Scotland Sunday closing, and shortened the hours of sale on week-days. He advocated total abstinence on the grounds of Christian expediency, as a necessary measure for Great Britain at the present day. He did not hold the absolute and universal necessity of total abstinence, and he often deplored the apparent impossibility of reconciling the northern nations of Europe to the use of unadulterated wine. Mr. Gladstone, when introducing his Light Wines Bill in 1860, said, with reference to the benefits likely to come from their consumption in this country: 'I have found testimony which is entitled to great weight, coming from a man pledged by his sacred profession, eminent for his eloquence, distinguished and beloved for his virtues—Dr. Guthrie.' His writings and speeches on the temperance question were familiar to all denominations of Christians. In the Roman catholic manual entitled 'Catholic Belief,' under the heading 'Five good Reasons for Total Abstinence,' four of the reasons given are ascribed to Guthrie.

Guthrie was a voluminous writer. His 'Pleas for Ragged Schools' created so much interest that at the entreaty of the publishers he consented to the publication of his first volume of sermons, 'The Gospel in Ezekiel,' in 1855. That volume has reached a circulation of over fifty thousand, and later volumes from his pen have been scarcely less successful. He was the first editor of the 'Sunday Magazine' from 1864 till his death, and contributed many articles to 'Good Words,' at the request of his friend, Dr. Norman Macleod, its editor. His various avocations brought him into close connection with many men of eminence. Thackeray visited him at Edinburgh, and he showed him over his ragged schools. Ruskin sent him in 1853 his 'Stones of Venice,' accompanied by a letter containing the sentence, 'You must be accustomed to people getting very seriously and truly attached to you at first sight.'

Although Guthrie retired from the active work of the ministry in 1864, he remained in public life almost to the close. He also continued to enjoy his two great sources of health and recreation, angling in the highlands of Scotland and foreign travel, and was a constant supporter of the missions of the Waldensian church in Italy. He died at St. Leonards on 24 Feb. 1873. His funeral at Edinburgh was made the occasion of a great public demonstration. Many eulogies were pronounced over his grave, but none so touching as the ragged school girl's, who was overheard to say, 'He was all the father I ever knew.' In 1849 he received the degree of doctor in divinity from the university of Edinburgh; in 1862 he was made moderator of the free church general assembly; in 1865 a sum of 5,000l. was publicly presented to him, and in 1869 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.

All Guthrie's works have been republished in the United States, where their circulation has been almost, if not quite, as large as in Great Britain, and some of them have been translated into French and Dutch. His principal works were: 1. ‘Pleas for Ragged Schools,’ 1847-9. 2. ‘Plea on behalf of Drunkards and against Drunkenness,’ 1851. 3. ‘Gospel in Ezekiel,’ 1856. 4. ‘The City, its Sins and Sorrows,’ 1857. 5. ‘Christ and the Inheritance of the Saints,’ 1858. 6. ‘Speaking to the Heart,’ 1862. 7. ‘The Way to Life,’ 1862. 8. ‘Man and the Gospel,’ 1865. 9. ‘The Angels' Song,’ 1865. 10. ‘The Parables,’ 1866. 11. ‘Our Father's Business,’ 1867. 12. ‘Out of Harness,’ 1867. 13. ‘Early Piety,’ 1868. 14. ‘Studies of Character from the Old Testament,’ 1868-70. 15. ‘Sundays Abroad,’ 1871.

[Autobiog. and Memoir of Thomas Guthrie, D.D. by his sons, David Kelly and Charles John Guthrie, 1874.]  GUTHRIE, WILLIAM (1620–1665), Scottish presbyterian divine, was born in 1620 at Pitforthy, Forfarshire, of which his father was laird, his mother being of the house of Easter Ogle, parish of Tannadice, Forfarshire. William was the eldest of eight children; his three brothers were in the ministry; Robert died soon after license; Alexander (d. 1661) was minister of Strickathrow, Forfarshire; John, the youngest (d. 1669), minister of Tarbolton, Ayrshire, was ejected at the Restoration. William was educated at St. Andrews under his cousin James Guthrie [q. v.] Having graduated M.A. on 5 June 1638, he studied divinity under Samuel Rutherford. Before entering the ministry he assigned the estate of Pitforthy to one of his brothers. He was licensed by St. Andrews presbytery in August 1642, and became tutor to James, lord Mauchline, eldest son of John Campbell, first earl of Loudoun [q. v.], then lord high chancellor of Scotland. A sermon at Galston, Ayrshire, gained him a unanimous call to Fenwick (or New Kilmarnock), Ayrshire. James, eighth lord Boyd of Kilmarnock, patron of the parish, a strong loyalist, opposed the choice, but Guthrie was ordained at


text:
Page:Babyhood of Wild Beasts.djvu/55

Rh tank most of the time, mainly to escape their critical eyes.

One day when he was eating his hay a dear little kitten walked into his cage and sniffed his nose. He sniffed back and found her most friendly. They became great chums and every day at dinnertime she called on him and they had a little visit together. She would curl up on his hay and doze, moving back a few inches at a time as he ate in close proximity to her little furry body. When she grew up and had little kittens of her own she took them to visit her hippo friend, who loved them as dearly as he loved their little mother. When Caliph was eight years old he weighed eight thousand pounds and was a gigantic animal of terrific strength and power; but he never took advantage of these assets. His master had taught him some very interesting tricks and Caliph delighted in exhibiting his talents. He would open his great mouth to its widest capacity and let Master sit inside, never offering to close it until he was safely out of the huge fleshy cavern. Then he would permit him to put his head in his

title: Page:Babyhood of Wild Beasts.djvu/55


text:
Page:The Botanical Magazine, Volume 3 (1790).djvu/4

 ANTIRRHINUM TRISTE. MELANCHOLY OR BLACK-FLOWER’D TOAD-FLAX.

Receives its name of trifle from the ombre appearance of its flowers; but this mut be undertood when placed at ome little ditance, for, on a near view, the principal colour of the blooms is a fine rich brown, inclined to purple.

Is a native of Spain, and of coure a green-houe plant with us, but it mut not be too tenderly treated, as it loes much of its beauty when drawn up, it hould therefore be kept out of doors when the eaon will admit, as it only requires helter from evere frot, and that a common hot-bed frame will in general ufficiently afford it.

It flowers during mot of the ummer months; as it rarely or never ripens its feeds with us, the uual mode of propagating it, is by cuttings, which trike readily enough in the common way.

relates that it was firt introduced into this country by, from Gibraltar eeds.


text:
User:Tomchen1989

__NOINDEX__

title: User:Tomchen1989


text:
Resolution dismissing the Articles of Impeachment against former United States District Court Judge Samuel B. Kent

Instructing the managers on the part of the House of Representatives in the impeachment proceeding now pending against to advise the Senate that the House of Representatives does not desire further to urge the articles of impeachment against Samuel B. Kent.

Resolved, That the managers on the part of the House of Representatives in the impeachment proceedings now pending in the Senate against Samuel B. Kent, formerly judge of the, are instructed to appear before the Senate, sitting as a court of impeachment for those proceedings, and advise the Senate that, because Samuel B. Kent is no longer a civil officer of the United States, the House of Representatives does not desire further to urge the articles of impeachment hitherto filed in the Senate against Samuel B. Kent.

Attest:

,

.

Attest:

,

.


text:
Talk:Resolution dismissing the Articles of Impeachment against former United States District Court Judge Samuel B. Kent

First notes
This is the text of a resolution that authorized the House of Representatives to dismiss Articles of Impeachment against former Judge Samuel Kent (who had resigned by this time). Since former Judge Kent was never tried before the Senate, this is being added to complete the record. If anyone wants to pitch in to make this text great, go ahead! Hoshie (talk) 10:24, 24 November 2010 (UTC)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bowyer, William (1663-1737)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bowyer, William (1699-1777)


text:
Death of a Rhodesian Pioneer

Intelligence has just come to hand from Buluwayo of the sudden death there of Mr. Will Gooding, who was one of the three men of Major Wilson's party who escaped the Shangani massacre, and whose services to the cause of civilization in Rhodesia had been acknowledged and rewarded by the Imperial authorities, as well as fully appreciated by the British pioneers in that country. Mr. Gooding, who was a native of New Barnet, was a Volunteer in a small force under Major Wilson and Captain Borrow, which pushed forward from the main body of the British troops operating against the Matabeles, and, crossing the Shangani river in pursuit of Lobengula, found itself in dire peril of annihilation. It was important to communicate with the main body and hasten the arrival of reinforcements. Three men, of whom Mr. Gooding was one, were specially selected for the task because of their known pluck and daring, their knowledge of the country, and their reputation as fearless and accomplished horsemen. The venture was regarded as a forlorn hope. The trio rode safely through the cordon of hostile natives, and managed to cross the Shangani; though the river had become so swollen as to be almost impassable. They were repeatedly attacked by natives, but escaping death miraculously, reached the main body unscathed, and shared in the terrible privations which the main force endured after the abortive attempt to relieve Major Wilson's smaller party, which was massacred to a man. In the punitive operations against rebellious natives after the Jameson raid, Mr. Gooding again volunteered for active service, and did good work as a scout. He had since held an important post in the Willoughby Consolidated company, but the privations and exposure which he had undergone during his campaigning had undermined his health, and his death, now recorded, was due primarily to pneumonia. The London officials of the Willoughby company notified to Mrs. Gooding, at New Barnet, the fact of her son's death, and the event has evoked general sympathy in the neighbourhood.

title: Death of a Rhodesian Pioneer


text: Talk:Decree-Law n.o 43/99/M

title: Talk:Decree-Law n.o 43/99/M


text:
User talk:Tomchen1989

— billinghurst  sDrewth  11:10, 24 November 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tomchen1989


text:
User talk:Patar knight

— billinghurst  sDrewth  11:11, 24 November 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Patar knight


text:
User talk:Kiran Gopi

— billinghurst  sDrewth  11:21, 24 November 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kiran Gopi


text:
User talk:75.121.68.72

Welcome

Hello, and welcome to Wikisource! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * Help pages
 * Style Guide
 * Inclusion policy

You are welcome to continue editing articles without logging in, but you may wish to  [ create an account] . Doing so is free, requires no personal information, and provides several benefits. For one thing, if you continue to edit without a username, your IP address is used to publicly identify you.

In any case, I hope you enjoy donating your time to grow the Wikisource library that is free for everyone to use! In discussions, please sign your comments using four tildes ( ~ ); this will automatically produce your IP address (or username if you're logged in) and the date. If you need help, ask me on my talk page, or ask your question here (click  [ edit] ) and place  before your question. Again, welcome! — billinghurst  sDrewth  12:13, 24 November 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:75.121.68.72


text:
User talk:Arnapha

— billinghurst  sDrewth  12:14, 24 November 2010 (UTC)

The mysterious Header toggle button
When proofreading in the Page: namespace and one has their toolbar turned on [Gadgets, one will see the button, and clicking it toggles the header/footer on and off. In this space we put the relevant components for top and bottoms of pages, usually by use of the template RunningHeader, so for example produces I personally have my header/footer set to open in the Page: namespace and I achieved this by activating that option in my Gadgets. To also note that at this time, the use of the newer Wikieditor toolbar (Editing tab in My preferences) does not yet display all the tools that we utilise for proofreading. If you turn it off in your preferences you access the older toolbar and more editing options. — billinghurst  sDrewth  22:09, 22 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Thank you for the hint, it works. Arnapha (talk) 22:23, 22 August 2011 (UTC)

Share your experience and feedback as a Wikimedian in this global survey
Hello! The Wikimedia Foundation is asking for your feedback in a survey. We want to know how well we are supporting your work on and off wiki, and how we can change or improve things in the future. The opinions you share will directly affect the current and future work of the Wikimedia Foundation. You have been randomly selected to take this survey as we would like to hear from your Wikimedia community. The survey is available in various languages and will take between 20 and 40 minutes. Take the survey now!

You can find more information about this survey on the project page and see how your feedback helps the Wikimedia Foundation support editors like you. This survey is hosted by a third-party service and governed by this privacy statement (in English). Please visit our frequently asked questions page to find more information about this survey. If you need additional help, or if you wish to opt-out of future communications about this survey, send an email through the EmailUser feature to WMF Surveys to remove you from the list.

Thank you! WMF Surveys, 18:36, 29 March 2018 (UTC)

Reminder: Share your feedback in this Wikimedia survey
Every response for this survey can help the Wikimedia Foundation improve your experience on the Wikimedia projects. So far, we have heard from just 29% of Wikimedia contributors. The survey is available in various languages and will take between 20 and 40 minutes to be completed. Take the survey now.

If you have already taken the survey, we are sorry you've received this reminder. We have design the survey to make it impossible to identify which users have taken the survey, so we have to send reminders to everyone. If you wish to opt-out of the next reminder or any other survey, send an email through EmailUser feature to WMF Surveys. You can also send any questions you have to this user email. Learn more about this survey on the project page. This survey is hosted by a third-party service and governed by this Wikimedia Foundation privacy statement. Thanks! WMF Surveys, 01:34, 13 April 2018 (UTC)

Your feedback matters: Final reminder to take the global Wikimedia survey
Hello! This is a final reminder that the Wikimedia Foundation survey will close on 23 April, 2018 (07:00 UTC). The survey is available in various languages and will take between 20 and 40 minutes. Take the survey now.

'''If you already took the survey - thank you! We will not bother you again.''' We have designed the survey to make it impossible to identify which users have taken the survey, so we have to send reminders to everyone. To opt-out of future surveys, send an email through EmailUser feature to WMF Surveys. You can also send any questions you have to this user email. Learn more about this survey on the project page. This survey is hosted by a third-party service and governed by this Wikimedia Foundation privacy statement. WMF Surveys, 00:43, 20 April 2018 (UTC)

title: User talk:Arnapha


text: Portal talk:Chilean Coup

title: Portal talk:Chilean Coup


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Boxer, Edward


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Boyce, Samuel


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Boyce, Thomas


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Boyce, William


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Boyes, John Frederick


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Boyle, Charles


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Boys, David


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Boys, Edward (1599-1667)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Boys, Edward (1785-1866)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Boys, John (1571-1625)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Boyse, Samuel


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brabazon, Roger le


text:
Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/133

gave me all, and then he laid me by.

Straining my strings to breaking, with his pain,

He voiced an anguish, through my wailing cry,

Never to speak again.

He pressed his cheek against me, and he wept—

Had we been glad together over much?—

Emotions that within me deep had slept

Grew vibrant at his touch,

And I, who could not ask whence sprung his sorrow

Responsive to a grief I might not know,

Sobbed as the infant that each mood doth borrow

Sobs for the mother's woe.

Wild grew my voice and stormy, with his passion,

Lifted at last unto a tragic might;

Then swift it changed, in sad and subtile fashion,

To pathos infinite,

Swooning away beneath his faltering fingers

Till the grieved plaints seemed, echoless, to die;

When, calm, he rose, and with a touch that lingers,

Laid me forever by.


text:
Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/134

 114 Forever! Ah, he comes no more—my lover!

And all my spirit wrapped in trance-like sleep,

Darkling I dream that such a night doth cover

His grief with hush as deep.


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brabourne, Theophilus


text: Lyrics of Life (1909)/The Violin

title: Lyrics of Life (1909)/The Violin


text:
Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/129

and long the winding way;

Yet as I fare, to comfort me,

Still o'er and o'er I tell the beads

Of love's perfected rosary.

The fire that once hath pierced the heart,

If from above, must upward flame,

Nor falter till it find at last

The burning fountain whence it came.

O fire of love within my breast—

O pain that pleads for no surcease—

Fill me with fervor!—more and more,

Give me thy passion and thy peace!

O love, that mounts to paths of day

Untraversed by the soaring lark,

O love, through all the silent night

A lamp to light the boundless dark,

O love, whose dearest pangs I bear,

This heart—this wounded heart—transform!

That all who seek its shelter may

There find a refuge safe and warm.


text:
Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/130

 110 Were there no heaven of high reward,

Man's service here to crown and bless,

Were there no hell,—I, for love's sake,

Would toil with ardent willingness.

And if—O Thou that pitiest

The fallen, lone, and tempest-tost!—

If, Love Divine, Thou wilt but save

Whom I do love, none shall be lost!


text: Lyrics of Life (1909)/Saint Theresa

title: Lyrics of Life (1909)/Saint Theresa


text:
Page:Works of John C. Calhoun, v2.djvu/278

262 zeal and ability proportioned to its magnitude, instead of mere planters, our section will become distinguished for its patriots and statesmen. But, on the other hand, if we prove unworthy of the trust—if we yield to the steady encroachments of power, the severest calamity and most debasing corruption will overspread the land. Every Southern man, true to the interests of his section, and faithful to the duties which Providence has allotted him, will be for ever excluded from the honors and emoluments of this Government, which will be reserved for those only who have qualified themselves, by political prostitution, for admission into the Magdalen Asylum.

[ following resolutions, submitted by Mr. Calhoun, came up for consideration, viz.:

"Resolved, That the people of the several States composing these United States are united as parties to a constitutional compact, to which the people of each State acceded as a separate and sovereign community, each binding itself by its own particular ratification; and that the Union, of which the said compact is the bond, is a union between the States ratifying the same.

"Resolved, That the people of the several States thus united by the constitutional compact, in forming that instrument, and in creating a General Government to carry into effect the objects for which it was formed, delegated to that Government, for that purpose, certain definite powers, to be exercised jointly, reserving, at the same time, each State to itself, the residuary mass of powers, to be exercised by its own


text:
Page:Works of John C. Calhoun, v2.djvu/279

Rh government; and that, whenever the General Government assumes the exercise of powers not delegated by the compact, its acts are unauthorized, void, and of no effect; and that the said Government is not made the final judge of the powers delegated to it, since that would make its discretion, and not the constitution, the measure of its powers; but that, as in all other cases of compact among sovereign parties, without any common judge, each has an equal right to judge for itself, as well of the infraction, as of the mode and measure of redress.

"Resolved, That the assertions that the people of these United States, taken collectively as individuals, are now, or ever have been, united on the principle of the social compact, and, as such, are now formed into one nation or people, or that they have ever been so united, in any one stage of their political existence; that the people of the several States composing the Union have not, as members thereof, retained their sovereignty; that the allegiance of their citizens has been transferred to the General Government; that they have parted with the right of punishing treason through their respective State Governments; and that they have not the right of judging, in the last resort, as to the extent of powers reserved, and, of consequence, of those delegated, are not only without foundation in truth, but are contrary to the most certain and plain historical facts, and the clearest deductions of reason; and that all exercise of power on the part of the General Government, or any of its departments, deriving authority from such erroneous assumptions, must of necessity be unconstitutional—must tend directly and inevitably to subvert the sovereignty of the States—to destroy the federal character of the Union, and to rear on its ruins a consolidated government, without constitutional check or limitation, which must necessarily terminate in the loss of liberty itself."

Which being read, Mr. Calhoun said:]

the bill with which the resolutions are connected was under discussion, the Senator from Massachusetts (Mr. Webster) thought proper to give his remarks a personal bearing in reference to myself. I had said nothing to justify this course on the part of that gentleman. I had, it is true, denounced the bill in strong language, but not stronger than


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bracegirdle, Anne


text:
Page:Works of John C. Calhoun, v2.djvu/296

280 evidence of record, and of such a character that it ought to close his lips for ever.

I turn now to consider the other, and, apparently, contradictory aspect in which the Senator presented this part of the subject: I mean that in which he states that the Government is founded in compact, but is no longer a compact. I have already remarked, that no other interpretation could be given to this assertion, except that the constitution was once a compact, but is no longer so. There was a vagueness and indistinctness in this part of the Senator's argument, which left me altogether uncertain as to its real meaning. If he meant, as I presume he did, that the compact is an executed, and not an executory one—that its object was to create a government, and to invest it with proper authority—and that, having executed this office, it had performed its functions, and, with it, had ceased to exist, then we have the extraordinary avowal that the constitution is a dead letter—that it has ceased to have any binding effect, or any practical influence or operation.

It has, indeed, often been charged that the constitution has become a dead letter; that it is continually violated, and has lost all its control over the Government; but no one has ever before been bold enough to advance a theory on the avowed basis that it was an executed, and, therefore, an extinct instrument. I will not seriously attempt to refute an argument, which, to me, appears so extravagant. I had thought that the constitution was to endure for ever; and that, so far from its being an executed contract, it contained great trust powers for the benefit of those who created it, and of all future generations,—which never could be finally executed during the existence of the world, if our Government should so long endure.

I will now return to the first resolution, to see how the issue stands between the Senator from Massachusetts and myself. It contains three propositions. First, that the


text:
Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/55

say I'm dying! It is so, I think:

All pain has left me, and I seem to sink—

A child, content, back to the Mother's breast.

Life grew full sweet of late,—but death is best.

I wanted just this one last quiet hour

To tell you how hope grew fruition's flower,—

Giving me, in a moment, bliss to know,

Beyond what tranquil ages might bestow.

You must not weep, my friend! Consider still

How many lives go frustrate of their will;

How many spend in vain, and fruitless tire!—

I near the goal of my supreme desire.

Your tears reproach the happiness I feel,

And from this dear contentment something steal.

Smile, if you can, beloved! nor delay

What I would tell you ere I go my way.

Love gives but as Love will: this have I proved,

Who through long wistful years have vainly loved,

Yet find my life at last on death's sheer brink—

Of purest joy from lethal fountains drink.


text:
Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/56

 36 You know 't was not my right to dream of her,

Though I had served her long—love's pensioner—

Grateful for modest favor at her hands,

For mere acceptance, or for mild commands,—

But on that night, across the theatre

I saw her come, and felt the restless stir

Of mad desires held in leash till then:

A longing to stand equal with the men

Who, for no merit, dared to keep her side,—

Suspecting not the barriers that divide

Natures like hers from those of meaner birth.

I knew her throned above me, felt the worth

Of things they recked not of—her richest dower—

Yet longed that life should yield me for one hour

The right to stand before her—even as these?

Nay; but the right to fall before her knees,

To touch in worship her white garment's hem,

To win the smile so lightly given them

Because her heart with happiness o'erflowed,

Unconscious of the largess it bestowed.

Ah, me!—to think, what barren pain I felt!

Hopeless as one who in a desert dwelt,

Exiled from all that made his soul's delight,

I gazed upon her,—was it, friend, last night?


text:
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Brandling

BRANDLING, a species of fish, the parr or young of the salmon, so named from its markings being, as it were, branded. The name is also given to a small, red worm used for bait in fresh-water fishing.


text:
Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/57

 Rh The Play—what matter?—it drew near the end,

Scarce marked by me. You know the rest, my friend:

Waiting I sat there full of sad desire,

When, suddenly, it came—that cry of "Fire!"

How suddenly! I started to my feet:

But—as when two on-rushing torrents meet

And break the one the other—mad with fear,

The panic-stricken people, deaf to hear

Counsel or warning, in that burning tomb

Hurtled each other, battling to their doom.

Kind God, blot out the scene—soon past!

I to a column near me clinging fast,

Resisted the fell tide that onward bore

Its helpless prey with hideous uproar.

Twice had I lost my footing; yet I clave,

As one who struggles more than life to save—

My every thought of her; but when at last,

Sore bruised and breathless, as one shoreward cast

After rude shipwreck, I dared raise my eyes—

Seeking in that vast Hell my Paradise,—

There, like some virgin image carved in stone,

She stood in her white radiance—alone.


text:
Translation:Puss in Boots

Contents

 * /Dramatis Personae
 * /Prologue
 * /Act 1/Scene 1
 * /Act 1/Scene 2
 * /Act 1/Scene 3
 * /Interval 1
 * /Act 2/Scene 1
 * /Act 2/Scene 2
 * /Act 2/Scene 3
 * /Act 2/Scene 4
 * /Interval 2
 * /Act 3/Prologue
 * /Act 3/Scene 1
 * /Act 3/Scene 2
 * /Act 3/Scene 3
 * /Act 3/Scene 4
 * /Act 3/Scene 5
 * /Act 3/Scene 6
 * /Act 3/Scene 7
 * /Epilogue
 * /Act 3/Scene 6
 * /Act 3/Scene 7
 * /Epilogue

title: Translation:Puss in Boots


text:
Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/58

 38 Where were the men that loved her, as they said?

Ah, bitter "where"! They, all, too rashly fled,

Had entered that ignoble human strife,

Paying a shameful price for paltry life.

She read my soul, I think; and then—she smiled.

Nay, friend,—imagine not my speech grown wild!—

I tell you true: in that appalling place

She smiled—the calm of heaven in her face.

Her service had been long my soul's emprise;

Yet a new, wistful wonder lit her eyes,

And pale—ay, pale as Hades' death-crowned queen—

Across the fatal barriers between,

Her glad look seemed to say:—"At last, I know!

You, who alone have loved me, could not go!

"All help were vain.— Stay!—let me see your face!"

So plead the look; then, with a poignant grace,

Her form bent toward me, her white arms apart,

She gave me the veiled secret of her heart.

Think you we marked the fiery sepulchre

In which we stood,—thence nevermore to stir?

A glory strange enwrapt us.—Then, my friend,

I woke, and saw your face, and knew the end,—


text:
Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/59

 Rh Not that which you suppose—the end of strife,—

Not dissolution—and not loss—but life!

I think she felt no anguish, knew no fear,

So mercifully swift the flames drew near;

For, even as she smiled, narcotic death

Enveloped her, and stifled her sweet breath;

And the fire passed her by and left her there,

Like to a sleeping child, untouched and fair.

All—all that life withheld—is mine at last!

With love, with God,—believe me,—there's no past.

The future waits—it calls—I must not stay!

The night is over,—look! the dawn—of Day!


text: Author:Gustav Theodor Fechner

title: Author:Gustav Theodor Fechner


text: Page:In the Roar of the Sea.djvu/424

title: Page:In the Roar of the Sea.djvu/424


text:
Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/61

! Thou goest from us,

Apart from us to dwell;

Through sacrifice to find thyself.

Ave!—but not farewell.

Thou hast dreamed a dream of Leisure;

Thou hast heard her call thy name,—

The handmaid of enduring Art,

Who feeds the quenchless flame,—

And after the Ideal

Thou wistfully would'st fare,

Before whose shrine 't is blest to wait,—

Though ne'er to enter there!

Go forth,—for thou hast willed it,—

Untrammelled as the sea!

To find new forms of loveliness,

Go forth! Lo, thou art free

To hope, to learn, to listen.

To be breathed upon, inspired,

To wait on the unhasting gods,

With soul intent, untired;


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Guthrie, John


text:
Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/62

 42 Careless of gain or profit,

Of markets, or applause,

To yield thy heart to Nature's heart,

To learn her dearer laws;

To gaze beyond the present,—

From the fleeting view of things.

To lift the vision up and up;

To feel the growth of wings;

Through love and self-denial,

To gain at last the goal

That hidden from the vulgar gaze

Beckons the purer soul;

Naught asking of the moment,

Content to strive and strive,—

Knowing when lesser gods depart,

The gods themselves arrive!

Ave! Thou goest from us,

Apart from us to dwell;

Through sacrifice to find thyself.

Ave!—but not farewell!


text:
Before (Browning)

I

Let them fight it out, friend! things have gone too far. God must judge the couple: leave them as they are —Whichever one's the guiltless, to his glory, And whichever one the guilt's with, to my story!

II

Why, you would not bid men, sunk in such a slough, Strike no arm out further, stick and stink as now, Leaving right and wrong to settle the embroilment, Heaven with snaky hell, in torture and entoilment?

III

Who's the culprit of them? How must he conceive God—the queen he caps to, laughing in his sleeve, " 'Tis but decent to profess oneself beneath her: "Still, one must not be too much in earnest, either!"

IV

Better sin the whole sin, sure that God observes; Then go live his life out! Life will try his nerves, When the sky, which noticed all, makes no disclosure, And the earth keeps up her terrible composure.

V

Let him pace at pleasure, past the walls of rose, Pluck their fruits when grape-trees graze him as he goes! For he 'gins to guess the purpose of the garden, With the sly mute thing, beside there, for a warden.

VI

What's the leopard-dog-thing, constant at his side, A leer and lie in every eye of its obsequious hide? When will come an end to all the mock obeisance, And the price appear that pays for the misfeasance?

VII

So much for the culprit. Who's the martyred man? Let him bear one stroke more, for be sure he can! He that strove thus evil's lump with good to leaven, Let him give his blood at last and get his heaven!

VIII

All or nothing, stake it! Trust she God or no? Thus far and no farther? farther? be it so! Now, enough of your chicane of prudent pauses, Sage provisos, sub-intents and saving-clauses!

IX

Ah, "forgive" you bid him? While God's champion lives, Wrong shall be resisted: dead, why, he forgives. But you must not end my friend ere you begin him; Evil stands not crowned on earth, while breath is in him.

X

Once more—Will the wronger, at this last of all, Dare to say, "I did wrong," rising in his fall? No?—Let go then! Both the fighters to their places! While I count three, step you back as many paces!

title: Before (Browning)


text:
Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/63

days by deeds are numbered,—and by dreams,

If we dream well and nobly; for it seems

That he who would respond

By deed to what is loveliest and best,

Must, holding to the near and manifest,

Find in the things beyond,

Faith, ay, and courage, duty to fulfil,—

Hearing the higher voices calling still.

Thy youth those voices heard on many a height,

In the fresh dawn and the all-fragrant night,

For thou wast mountain-born;

And looking to the hills,—from boyhood-days

Thy comrades,—learned the wonder in their ways,

Reglorified each morn;

Gaining, with deeper draughts of upland breath,

Large images of Life and lordly Death.

And as a man but follows his lodestar,—

For our ideals make us what we are,—

Through self-effacing years,

Thou, toiling where the burdened city moans,

Hast lost no accent of the higher zones.

Smiles, and the truth of tears,


text:
Page:Lyrics of Life, Coates, 1909.djvu/64

 44 And memories, and melodies unsung,

Have visited thy heart, and kept it young.

Thou hast had strength, where many failed, to glean

Good from a doubtful harvest; thou hast seen

Light where the shade lay deep.

The future with the present praise must blend

To crown thy triumphs worthily, dear friend;

But we remembrance keep

More grateful, even, for thyself than them,

And lay upon thy brow love's anadem.


text: Translation talk:Puss in Boots

title: Translation talk:Puss in Boots


text:
Translation:Puss in Boots/Dramatis Personae

__________

__________

__________


text:
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Brandt, Sebastian

BRANDT, SEBASTIAN, a German author, born in Strassburg, in 1458; studied law and the classics at Basel, where he received permission to teach; and soon became one of the most influential lecturers. The Emperor Maximilian appointed him an imperial councilor. His fame rests wholly upon “The Ship of Fools,” a satire on the follies and vices of the time (1494). Its distinguishing note is its abounding humor; but it owed its great popular success very largely to the clever woodcuts with which it was illustrated. It was translated into several European languages. The English translation by Henry Watson appeared in 1517. Brandt died in Strassburg in 1521.


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Greatrakes, Valentine