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 The things the which thou doest desire of great importance beene: More than thy weakenesse well can wielde, a charge (as well appeares) Of greater weight, than may agree with these thy tender yeares. Thy state is mortall, weake and frayle, the thing thou doest desire Is such, whereto no mortall man is able to aspire. Yea, foolish boy, thou doest desire (and all for want of wit) A greater charge than any God coulde ever have as yet. For were there any of them all so overseene and blinde, To take upon him this my charge, full quickly should he finde That none but I could sit upon the fierie Axeltree. No not even he that rules this wast and endlesse space we see, Not he that darts with dreadfull hande the thunder from the Skie, Shall drive this chare. And yet what thing in all the world perdie Is able to compare with Jove? Now first the morning way Lyes steepe upright, so that the steedes in coolest of the day And beeing fresh have much adoe to climbe against the Hyll. Amiddes the heaven the gastly heigth augmenteth terror still. My heart doth waxe as colde as yse full many a tyme and oft For feare to see the Sea and land from that same place aloft. The Evening way doth fall plump downe requiring strength to guide, That Tethis who doth harbrowgh mee within hir sourges wide Doth stand in feare lest from the heaven I headlong down should slide. Besides all this the Heaven aye swimmes and wheeles about full swift And with his rolling dryves the starres their proper course to shift. Yet doe I keepe my native course against this brunt so stout, Not giving place as others doe: but boldely bearing out The force and swiftnesse of that heaven that whyrleth so about. Admit thou had my winged Steedes and Chariot in thine hande: What couldste thou doe? dost thinke thy selfe well able to withstande The swiftnesse of the whyrled Poles, but that their brunt and sway (Yea doe the best and worst thou can) shall beare thee quite away? Perchaunce thou dost imagine there some townes of Gods to finde, With groves and Temples richt with giftes as is among mankinde. Thou art deceyved utterly: thou shalt not finde it so. By blinde bywayes and ugly shapes of monsters must thou go. And though thou knewe the way so well as that thou could not stray, Betweene the dreadful bulles sharp hornes yet must thou make thy way.

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 Agaynst the cruell Bowe the which the Aemonian archer drawes: Against the ramping Lyon armde with greedie teeth and pawes: Against the Scorpion stretching farre his fell and venymd clawes: And eke the Crab that casteth forth his crooked clees awrie Not in such sort as th'other doth, and yet as dreadfully. Againe thou neyther hast the powre nor yet the skill I knowe My lustie coursers for to guide that from their nostrilles throwe And from their mouthes the fierie breath that breedeth in their brest. For scarcely will they suffer mee who knowes their nature best When that their cruell courages begin to catch a heate, That hardely should I deale with them, but that I know the feate. But lest my gift should to thy griefe and utter perill tend My Sonne beware and (whyle thou mayst) thy fonde request amend. Bycause thou woulde be knowne to bee my childe thou seemst to crave A certaine signe: what surer signe I pray thee canst thou have Than this my feare so fatherly the which I have of thee Which proveth me most certainly thy father for to bee? Beholde and marke my countenaunce. would to God thy sight Could pierce within my wofull brest, to see the heavie plight, And heapes of cares within my heart. Looke through the worlde so round Of all the wealth and goodes therein: if ought there may be found In Heaven or Earth or in the Sea, aske what thou lykest best, And sure it shall not be denide. This onely one request That thou hast made I heartely beseech thee to relent, Which for to tearme the thing aright is even a punishment, And not an honour as thou thinkest: my Phaeton thou dost crave In stead of honour even a scourge and punishment for to have. Thou fondling thou, what dost thou meane with fawning armes about My necke thus flattringly to hang? Thou needest not to dout. I have alreadie sworne by Styx, aske what thou wilt of mee And thou shalt have. Yet let thy next wish somewhat wiser bee Thus ended his advertisment: and yet the wilfull Lad Withstood his counsell urging still the promisse that he had, Desiring for to have the chare as if he had been mad. His father having made delay as long as he could shift, Did lead him where his Chariot stood, which was of Vulcans gift. The Axeltree was massie golde, the Bucke was massie golde,

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

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 The utmost fellies of the wheeles, and where the tree was rolde. The spokes were all of sylver bright, the Chrysolites and Gemmes That stood uppon the Collars, Trace, and hounces in their hemmes Did cast a sheere and glimmering light, as Phoebus shone thereon. Now while the lustie Phaeton stood gazing here upon, And wondered at the workemanship of everie thing: beeholde The earely morning in the East beegan mee to unfolde Hir purple Gates, and shewde hir house bedeckt with Roses red. The twinckling starres withdrew which by the morning star are led: Who as the Captaine of that Host that hath no peere nor match, Dooth leave his standing last of all within that heavenly watch. Now when his Father sawe the worlde thus glister red and trim, And that his waning sisters hornes began to waxen dim, He had the fetherfooted howres go harnesse in his horse. The Goddesses with might and mayne themselves thereto enforce. His fierifoming Steedes full fed with juice of Ambrosie They take from Maunger trimly dight: and to their heades doe tie Strong reyned bits: and to the Charyot doe them well appoint. Then Phoebus did with heavenly salve his Phaetons heade annoint, That scorching fire coulde nothing hurt: which done, upon his haire He put the fresh and golden rayes himselfe was wont to weare. And then as one whose heart misgave the sorrowes drawing fast, With sorie sighes he thus bespake his retchlesse sonne at last: (And if thou canst) at least yet this thy fathers lore obay: Sonne, spare the whip, and reyne them hard, they run so swift away As that thou shalt have much adoe their fleeing course to stay. Directly through the Zones all five beware thou doe not ride, A brode byway cut out askew that bendeth on the side Contaynde within the bondes of three the midmost Zones doth lie: Which from the grisely Northren beare, and Southren Pole doth flie. Keepe on this way: my Charyot rakes thou plainely shalt espie And to th'intent that heaven and earth may well the heate endure, Drive neyther over high nor yet too lowe. For be thou sure, And if thou mount above thy boundes, the starres thou burnest cleane. Againe beneath thou burnst the Earth: most safetie is the meane. And least perchaunce thou overmuch the right hand way should take, And so misfortune should thee drive upon the writhen Snake,

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 Or else by taking overmuche upon the lefter hand Unto the Aultar thou be driven that doth against it stand: Indifferently betweene them both I wish thee for to ride. The rest I put to fortunes will, who be thy friendly guide, And better for thee than thy selfe as in this case provide. Whiles that I prattle here with thee, behold the dankish night Beyond all Spaine hir utmost bound is passed out of sight. We may no lenger tariance make: my wonted light is cald, The Morning with hir countnance cleare the darknesse hath appald. Take raine in hand, or if thy minde by counsell altred bee, Refuse to meddle with my Wayne: and while thou yet art free, And doste at ease within my house in safegarde well remaine, Of this thine unadvised wish not feeling yet the paine, Let me alone with giving still the world his wonted light, And thou thereof as heretofore enjoy the harmelesse sight. Thus much in vaine: for Phaeton both yong in yeares and wit, Into the Chariot lightly lept, and vauncing him in it Was not a little proud that he the brydle gotten had. He thankt his father whom it grievde to see his childe so mad. While Phebus and his rechelesse sonne were entertalking this, Aeous, Aethon, Phlegon, and the firie Pyrois, The restlesse horses of the Sunne, began to ney so hie Wyth flaming breath, that all the heaven might heare them perfectly. And with their hoves they mainly beate upon the lattisde grate. The which when Tethis (knowing nought of this hir cousins fate) Had put aside, and given the steedes the free and open scope Of all the compasse of the Skie within the heavenly Cope: They girded forth, and cutting through the Cloudes that let their race, With splayed wings they overflew the Easterne winde apace. The burthen was so lyght as that the Genets felt it not. The wonted weight was from the Waine, the which they well did wot. For like as ships amids the Seas that scant of ballace have, Doe reele and totter with the wynde, and yeeld to every wave: Even so the Waine for want of weight it erst was wont to beare, Did hoyse aloft and scayle and reele, as though it empty were. Which when the Cartware did perceyve, they left the beaten way And taking bridle in the teeth began to run astray.

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 The rider was so sore agast, he knew no use of Rayne, Nor yet his way: and though he had, yet had it ben in vayne, Because he wanted powre to rule the horses and the Wayne. Then first did sweat cold Charles his Wain through force of Phebus rayes And in the Sea forbidden him, to dive in vaine assayes. The Serpent at the frozen Pole both colde and slow by kinde, Through heat waxt wroth, and stird about a cooler place to finde. And thou Bootes though thou be but slow of footemanship, Yet wert thou faine (as Fame reports) about thy Waine to skip. Now when unhappy Phaeton from top of all the Skie Behelde the Earth that underneath a great way off did lie, He waxed pale for sodaine feare, his joynts and sinewes quooke, The greatnesse of the glistring light his eyesight from him tooke. Now wisht he that he never had his fathers horses see: It yrkt him that he thus had sought to learne his piedegre. It grievde him that he had prevailde in gaining his request. To have bene counted Merops sonne he thought it now the best. Thus thinking was he headlong driven, as when a ship is borne By blustring windes, hir saileclothes rent, hir sterne in pieces torne, And tacling brust, the which the Pilote trusting all to prayre Abandons wholy to the Sea and fortune of the ayre. What should he doe? much of the heaven he passed had behinde And more he saw before: both whiche he measurde in his minde, Eft looking forward to the West which to approch as then Might not betide, and to the East eft looking backe agen. He wist not what was best to doe, his wittes were ravisht so. For neither could he hold the Reynes, nor yet durst let them go. And of his horses names was none that he remembred tho. Straunge uncoth Monsters did he see dispersed here and there And dreadfull shapes of ugly beasts that in the Welkin were. There is a certaine place in which the hidious Scorpion throwes His armes in compasse far abrode, much like a couple of bowes, With writhen tayle and clasping cles, whose poyson limmes doe stretch On every side, that of two signes they full the roume doe retch, Whome when the Lad beheld all moyst with blacke and lothly swet, With sharpe and nedlepointed sting as though he seemde to thret, He was so sore astraught for feare, he let the bridels slacke,

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 Which when the horses felt lie lose upon their sweating backe, At rovers straight throughout the Ayre by wayes unknowne they ran Whereas they never came before since that the worlde began. For looke what way their lawlesse rage by chaunce and fortune drue Without controlment or restraint that way they freely flue Among the starres that fixed are within the firmament They snatcht the Chariot here and there. One while they coursing went Upon the top of all the skie: anon againe full round They troll me downe to lower wayes and nearer to the ground, So that the Moone was in a Maze to see hir brothers Waine Run under hirs: the singed cloudes began to smoke amaine. Eche ground the higher that it was and nearer to the Skie The sooner was it set on fire, and made therewith so drie That every where it gan to chinke. The Medes and Pastures greene Did seare away: and with the leaves, the trees were burned cleene. The parched corne did yeelde wherewith to worke his owne decaie. Tushe, these are trifles. Mightie townes did perish that same daie. Whose countries with their folke were burnt: and forests ful of wood Were turnde to ashes with the rocks and mountains where they stood. Then Athe, Cilician, Taure and Tmole and Oeta flamed hie, And Ide erst full of flowing springs was then made utter drie. The learned virgins daily haunt, the sacred Helicon, And Thracian Hemus (not as yet surnamde Oeagrion,) Did smoke both twaine: and Aetna hote of nature aye before, Encreast by force of Phebus flame now raged ten times more. The forkt Parnasus, Eryx, Cynth, and Othrys then did swelt And all the snow of Rhodope did at that present melt. The like outrage Mount Dindymus, and Mime and Micale felt. Cytheron borne to sacred use with Osse, and Pindus hie And Olymp greater than them both did burne excessively. The passing colde that Scithie had defended not the same But that the barren Caucasus was partner of this flame. And so were eke the Airie Alpes and Appennyne beside, For all the Cloudes continually their snowie tops doe hide. Then wheresoever Phaeton did chaunce to cast his vew, The world was all on flaming fire. The breath the which he drew, Came smoking from his scalding mouth as from a seething pot.

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 His Chariot also under him began to waxe red hot. He could no lenger dure the sparkes and cinder flyeng out, Againe the culme and smouldring smoke did wrap him round about, The pitchie darkenesse of the which so wholy had him hent As that he wist not where he was nor yet which way he went. The winged horses forcibly did draw him where they wolde. The Aethiopians at that time (as men for truth upholde) (The bloud by force of that same heate drawne to the outer part And there adust from that time forth) became so blacke and swart. The moysture was so dried up in Lybie land that time That altogither drie and scorcht continueth yet that Clyme. The Nymphes with haire about their eares bewayld their springs and lakes. Beotia for hir Dyrces losse great lamentation makes. For Amimone Argos wept, and Corinth for the spring Pyrene, at whose sacred streame the Muses usde to sing. The Rivers further from the place were not in better case, For Tanais in his deepest streame did boyle and steme apace, Old Penew and Caycus of the countrie Teuthranie, And swift Ismenos in their bankes by like misfortune frie. Then burnde the Psophian Erymanth: and (which should burne ageine) The Trojan Xanthus and Lycormas with his yellow veine, Meander playing in his bankes aye winding to and fro, Migdonian Melas with his waves as blacke as any slo. Eurotas running by the foote of Tenare boyled tho. Then sod Euphrates cutting through the middes of Babilon. Then sod Orontes, and the Scithian swift Thermodoon. Then Ganges, Colchian Phasis, and the noble Istre Alpheus and Sperchius bankes with flaming fire did glistre. The golde that Tagus streame did beare did in the chanell melt. Amid Cayster of this fire the raging heat was felt Among the quieres of singing Swannes that with their pleasant lay Along the bankes of Lidian brakes from place to place did stray. And Nyle for feare did run away into the furthest Clyme Of all the world, and hid his heade, which to this present tyme Is yet unfound: his mouthes all seven cleane voyde of water beene, Like seven great valleys where (save dust) could nothing else be seene. By like misfortune Thrace.

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 The Westerne Rivers Rhine and Rhone and Po were in like case: And Tyber unto whome the Goddes a faithfull promise gave Of all the world the Monarchie and soveraigne state to have. The ground did cranie everie where and light did pierce to hell And made afraide the King and Queene that in that Realme doe dwell. The Sea did shrinke and where as waves did late before remaine, Became a Champion field of dust and even a sandy plaine. The hilles erst hid farre under waves like Ilelandes did appeare So that the scattred Cyclades for the time augmented were. The fishes drew them to the deepes: the Dolphines durst not play Above the water as before, the Seales and Porkpis lay With bellies upward on the waves starke dead: and fame doth go That Nereus with his wife and daughters all were faine as tho To dive within the scalding waves. Thrise Neptune did advaunce His armes above the scalding Sea with sturdy countenaunce: And thrise for hotenesse of the Ayre, was faine himselfe to hide. But yet the Earth the Nurce of things enclosde on every side (Betweene the waters of the Sea and Springs that now had hidden Themselves within their Mothers wombe) for all the paine abidden, Up to the necke put forth hir head and casting up hir hand, Betweene hir forehead and the sunne as panting she did stand With dreadfull quaking, all that was she fearfully did shake, And shrinking somewhat lower downe with sacred voyce thus spake: O king of Gods and if this be thy will and my desart, Why doste thou stay with deadly dint thy thunder downe to dart? And if that needes I perish must through force of firie flame, Let thy celestiall fire O God I pray thee doe the same. A comfort shall it be to have thee Author of my death. I scarce have powre to speak these words (the smoke had stopt hir breath). Behold my singed haire: behold my dim and bleared eye, See how about my scorched face the scalding embers flie. Is this the guerdon wherewithall ye quite my fruitfulnesse? Is this the honor that ye gave me for my plenteousnesse And dutie done with true intent? for suffring of the plough To draw deepe woundes upon my backe and rakes to rend me through? For that I over all the yeare continually am wrought? For giving foder to the beasts and cattell all for nought?

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 For yeelding corne and other foode wherewith to keepe mankinde? And that to honor you withall sweete frankinsence I finde? But put the case that my desert destruction duely crave, What hath thy brother? what the Seas deserved for to have? Why doe the Seas, his lotted part, thus ebbe and fall so low, Withdrawing from thy Skie to which it ought most neare to grow? But if thou neyther doste regarde thy brother, neyther mee, At least have mercy on thy heaven, looke round about and see How both the Poles begin to smoke which if the fire appall To utter ruine (be thou sure) thy pallace needes must fall. Behold how Atlas ginnes to faint. His shoulders though full strong, Unneth are able to uphold the sparkling Extree long. If Sea and Land doe go to wrecke, and heaven it selfe doe burne To olde confused Chaos then of force we must returne. Put to thy helping hand therfore to save the little left If ought remaine before that all be quite and cleane bereft. When ended was this piteous plaint, the Earth did hold hir peace. She could no lenger dure the heate but was compelde to cease. Into hir bosome by and by she shrunke hir cinged heade More nearer to the Stygian caves, and ghostes of persones deade. The Sire of Heaven protesting all the Gods and him also That lent the Chariot to his child, that all of force must go To havocke if he helped not, went to the highest part And top of all the Heaven from whence his custome was to dart His thunder and his lightning downe. But neyther did remaine A Cloude wherewith to shade the Earth, nor yet a showre of raine. Then with a dreadfull thunderclap up to his eare he bent His fist, and at the Wagoner a flash of lightning sent, Which strake his bodie from the life and threw it over wheele And so with fire he quenched fire. The Steedes did also reele Upon their knees, and starting up sprang violently, one here, And there another, that they brast in pieces all their gere. They threw the Collars from their neckes, and breaking quite asunder The Trace and Harnesse flang away: here lay the bridles: yonder The Extree plucked from the Naves: and in another place The shevered spokes of broken wheeles: and so at every pace The pieces of the Chariot torne lay strowed here and there.

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text: Index:Ordinances and Constitution of Alabama.djvu


text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Kneeland, Samuel (printer)


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text: More Celtic Fairy Tales/Morraha

title: More Celtic Fairy Tales/Morraha


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At a Convention of the People of the State of Alabama, begun and holden at Montgomery, on the seventh day of January, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, and continued to the twelfth day of February in the same year.

, the election of Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin to the offices of President and Vice President of the United States of America, by a sectional party, avowedly hostile to the domestic institutions and to the peace and security of the people of the State of Alabama, preceded by many and dangerous infractions of the Constitution of the United States by many of the States and people of the northern section, is a political wrong of so insulting and menacing a character as to justify the people of the State of Alabama in the adoption of prompt and decided measures for their future peace and security; therefore,

Be it declared and ordained by the people of the State of Alabama in Convention assembled, That the State of Alabama now withdraws, and is hereby withdrawn from the Union known as "the United States of America," and


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 xxx story. The whole transaction was not to Smith's pecuniary advantage, but the cordiality of his relations with the authoress remained unchecked. Her story of 'Brother Jacob,' which appeared in the 'Cornhill' in July 1864, was forwarded to him as a free gift. Afterwards, in 1866, she sent him the manuscript of 'Felix Holt,' but after reading it he did not feel justified in accepting it at the price of 5,000l., which George Eliot or Lewes set upon it.

Meanwhile, in March 1862 the 'Cornhill' had suffered a severe blow through the sudden resignation of the editor, Thackeray. He found the thorns in the editorial cushion too sharp-pointed for his sensitive nature. Smith keenly regretted his decision to retire, but when Thackeray took public farewell of his post in a brief article in the magazine for April ('To Contributors and Correspondents,' dated 18 March 1862), the novelist stated that, though editor no more, he hoped 'long to remain to contribute to my friend's magazine.' This hope was realised up to the moment of Thackeray's unexpected death on 23 Dec. 1863. His final 'Roundabout Paper'—'Strange to say on Club Paper'—appeared in the magazine for the preceding November, and he had nearly completed his novel, 'Denis Duval,' which was to form the chief serial story in the 'Cornhill' during 1864. Nor was Thackeray the only member of his family who was in these early days a contributor to the magazine. Thackeray's daughter (Mrs. Richmond Ritchie) had contributed a paper called 'Little Scholars' to the fifth number while her father was editor, and in 1862, after his withdrawal, Smith accepted her novel, 'The Story of Elizabeth,' the first of many from the same pen to appear serially in the 'Cornhill.' Thackeray's death naturally caused Smith intense pain. He at once did all he could to aid his friend's daughters. In consultation with their friends, Herman Merivale, (Sir) Henry Cole, and Fitzjames Stephen, he purchased their rights in their father's books, and by arrangement with Thackeray's other publishers. Chapman & Hall and Bradbury & Evans, who owned part shares in some of his works, acquired the whole of Thackeray's literary property. He subsequently published no less than seven complete collections of Thackeray's works in different forms, the earliest—the 'Library Edition' in twenty-two volumes—appearing in 1867-9. Thackeray's daughters stayed with Smith's family at Brighton in the early days of their sorrow, and he was gratified to receive a letter from Thackeray's mother, Mrs. Carmichael Smyth, thanking him for his resourceful kindness (24 Aug. 1864). 'I rejoice,' she wrote, 'that such a friend is assured to my grandchildren.' Her expressions were well justified. Until Smith's death there subsisted a close friendship between him and Thackeray's elder daughter (Mrs. Ritchie), and he was fittingly godfather of Thackeray's granddaughter (Mrs. Ritchie's daughter).

On Thackeray's withdrawal from the editorship the office was temporarily placed in commission. Smith invited Lewes and Mr. Frederick Greenwood, a young journalist who had contributed to the second number a striking paper, 'An Essay without End,' to aid himself in conducting the magazine. This arrangement lasted two years. In 1864 Lewes retired, and Mr. Greenwood filled the editorial chair alone until his absorption in


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 But Phaeton (fire yet blasing stil among his yellow haire) Shot headlong downe, and glid along the Region of the Ayre Like to a starre in Winter nights (the wether cleare and fayre) Which though it doe not fall in deede, yet falleth to our sight, Whome almost in another world and from his countrie quite The River Padus did receyve, and quencht his burning head. The water Nymphes of Italie did take his carkasse dead And buried it yet smoking still, with Joves threeforked flame, And wrate this Epitaph in the stone that lay upon the same: Here lies the lusty Phaeton which tooke in hand to guide His fathers Chariot, from the which although he chaunst to slide: Yet that he gave a proud attempt it cannot be denide. Wyth ruthfull cheere and heavie heart his father made great mone And would not shew himselfe abrode, but mournd at home alone. And if it be to be beleved, as bruited is by fame A day did passe without the Sunne. The brightnesse of the flame Gave light: and so unto some kinde of use that mischiefe came. But Clymen having spoke, as much as mothers usually Are wonted in such wretched case, discomfortablely, And halfe beside hir selfe for wo, with torne and scratched brest, Sercht through the universall world, from East to furthest West, First seeking for hir sonnes dead coarse, and after for his bones. She found them by a forren streame, entumbled under stones. There fell she groveling on his grave, and reading there his name, Shed teares thereon, and layd hir breast all bare upon the same. The daughters also of the Sunne no lesse than did their mother, Bewaild in vaine with flouds of teares, the fortune of their brother: And beating piteously their breasts, incessantly did call The buried Phaeton day and night, who heard them not at all, About whose tumbe they prostrate lay. Foure times the Moone had filde The Circle of hir joyned hornes, and yet the sisters hilde Their custome of lamenting still: (for now continuall use Had made it custome.) Of the which the eldest, Phaetuse, About to kneele upon the ground, complaynde hir feete were nom. To whome as fayre Lampetie was rising for to com, Hir feete were held with sodaine rootes. The third about to teare Hir ruffled lockes, filde both hir handes with leaves in steade of heare.

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 One wept to see hir legges made wood: another did repine To see hir armes become long boughes. And shortly to define, While thus they wondred at themselves, a tender barke began To grow about their thighes and loynes, which shortly overran Their bellies, brestes, and shoulders eke, and hands successively, That nothing (save their mouthes) remainde, aye calling piteously Upon the wofull mothers helpe. What could the mother doe But runne now here now there, as force of nature drue hir to And deale hir kisses while she might? She was not so content: But tare their tender braunches downe: and from the slivers went Red drops of bloud as from a wound. The daughter that was rent Cride: Spare us mother spare I pray, for in the shape of tree The bodies and the flesh of us your daughters wounded bee. And now farewell. That word once said, the barke grew over all. Now from these trees flow gummy teares that Amber men doe call, Which hardened with the heate of sunne as from the boughs they fal The trickling River doth receyve, and sendes as things of price To decke the daintie Dames of Rome and make them fine and nice. Now present at this monstruous hap was Cygnus, Stenels son, Who being by the mothers side akinne to Phaeton Was in condicion more akinne. He leaving up his charge (For in the land of Ligurie his Kingdome stretched large) Went mourning all along the bankes and pleasant streame of Po Among the trees encreased by the sisters late ago. Annon his voyce became more small and shrill than for a man. Gray fethers muffled in his face: his necke in length began Far from his shoulders for to stretche: and furthermore there goes A fine red string acrosse the joyntes in knitting of his toes: With fethers closed are his sides: and on his mouth there grew A brode blunt byll: and finally was Cygnus made a new And uncoth fowle that hight a Swan, who neither to the winde, The Ayre, nor Jove betakes himselfe, as one that bare in minde The wrongfull fire sent late against his cousin Phaeton. In Lakes and Rivers is his joy: the fire he aye doth shon, And chooseth him the contrary continually to won. Forlorne and altogether voyde of that same bodie shene Was Phaetons father in that while which erst had in him bene,

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 Like as he looketh in Th'eclypse. He hates the yrkesome light, He hates him selfe, he hates the day, and settes his whole delight In making sorrow for his sonne, and in his griefe doth storme - And chaufe denying to the worlde his dutie to performe. My lot (quoth he) hath had inough of this unquiet state From first beginning of the worlde. It yrkes me (though too late) Of restlesse toyles and thankelesse paines. Let who so will for me Go drive the Chariot in the which the light should caried be. If none dare take the charge in hand, and all the Gods persist As insufficient, he himselfe go drive it if he list, That at the least by venturing our bridles for to guide His lightning making childlesse Sires he once may lay aside. By that time that he hath assayde the unappalled force That doth remaine and rest within my firiefooted horse, I trow he shall by tried proufe be able for to tell How that he did not merit death that could not rule them well. The Goddes stoode all about the Sunne thus storming in his rage Beseching him in humble wise his sorrow to asswage. And that he would not on the world continuall darkenesse bring, Jove eke excusde him of the fire the which he chaunst to sling, And with entreatance mingled threates as did become a King. Then Phebus gathered up his steedes that yet for feare did run Like flaighted fiendes, and in his moode without respect begun To beate his whipstocke on their pates and lash them on the sides. It was no neede to bid him chaufe; for ever as he rides He still upbraides them with his sonne, and layes them on the hides. And Jove almighty went about the walles of heaven to trie If ought were perisht with the fire, which when he did espie Continuing in their former state, all strong and safe and sound, He went to vew the workes of men, and things upon the ground. Yet for his land of Arcadie he tooke most care and charge. The Springs and streames that durst not run he set againe at large. He clad the earth with grasse, the trees with leaves both fresh and greene Commaunding woods to spring againe that erst had burned bene. Now as he often went and came it was his chaunce to light Upon a Nymph of Nonacris whose forme and beautie bright Did set his heart on flaming fire. She used not to spinne

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 Nor yet to curle hir frisled haire with bodkin or with pinne. A garment with a buckled belt fast girded did she weare And in a white and slender Call slight trussed was hir heare. Sometimes a dart sometime a bow she used for to beare. She was a knight of Phebes troope. There came not at the mount Of Menalus of whome Diana made so great account. But favor never lasteth long. The Sunne had gone that day A good way past the poynt of Noone: when werie of hir way She drue to shadowe in a wood that never had bene cut. Here off hir shoulder by and by hir quiver did she put, And hung hir bow unbent aside, and coucht hir on the ground, Hir quiver underneth hir head. Whom when that Jove had found Alone and wearie: Sure (he said) my wife shall never know Of this escape, and if she do, I know the worst I trow. She can but chide, shall feare of chiding make me to forslow? He counterfeiteth Phebe streight in countnance and aray. And says: O virgine of my troope, where didst thou hunt to day? The Damsell started from the ground and said: Hayle Goddesse deare, Of greater worth than Jove (I thinke) though Jove himselfe did heare. Jove heard hir well and smylde thereat, it made his heart rejoyce To heare the Nymph preferre him thus before himselfe in choyce. He fell to kissing: which was such as out of square might seeme, And in such sort as that a mayde coulde nothing lesse beseeme. And as she would have told what woods she ranged had for game, He tooke hir fast betweene his armes, and not without his shame, Bewrayed plainly what he was and wherefore that he came. The wench against him strove as much as any woman could: I would that Juno had it seene. For then I know thou would Not take the deede so heynously: with all hir might she strove. But what poore wench or who alive could vanquish mighty Jove? Jove having sped flue straight to heaven. She hateth in hir hart The guiltlesse fields and wood where Jove had playd that naughty part, Alwaye she goes in such a griefe as that she had welnie Forgot hir quiver with hir shaftes and bow that hanged by. Dictynna, garded with hir traine and proude of killing Deere, In raunging over Menalus, espying, cald hir neere. The Damsell hearing Phebe call did run away amaine,

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 She feared lest in Phebes shape that Jove had come againe, But when she saw the troope of Nymphes that garded hir about, She thought there was no more deceyt, and came among the rout. Oh Lord how hard a matter ist for guiltie hearts to shift And kepe their countnance? from the ground hir eyes scarce durst she lift. She prankes not by hir mistresse side, she preases not to bee The foremost of the companie, as when she erst was free. She standeth muet: and by chaunging of hir colour ay The treading of hir shooe awrie she plainely doth bewray, Diana might have founde the fault but that she was a May. A thousand tokens did appeare apparant to the eye, By which the Nymphes themselves (they say) hir fault did well espie. Nine times the Moone full to the worlde had shewde hir horned face When fainting through hir brothers flames and hunting in the chace. She found a coole and shadie lawnde through midst whereof she spide A shallow brooke with trickling streame on gravell bottom glide. And liking well the pleasant place, upon the upper brim She dipt hir foote, and finding there the water coole and trim, Away (she sayd) with standers by: and let us bath us here. Then Parrhasis cast downe hir head with sad and bashfull chere. The rest did strip them to their skinnes. She only sought delay, Untill that would or would she not hir clothes were pluckt away. Then with hir naked body straight hir crime was brought to light. Which yll ashamde as with hir hands she would have hid from sight, Fie beast (quoth Cynthia) get thee hence, thou shalt not here defile This sacred Spring, and from hir traine she did hir quite exile. The Matrone of the thundring Jove had inckling of the fact, Delaying till convenient time the punishment to exact. There is no cause of further stay. To spight hir heart withall, Hir husbands Leman bare a boy that Arcas men did call. On whome she casting lowring looke with fell and cruell minde Saide: Was there, arrant strumpet thou, none other shift to finde But that thou needes must be with barne? that all the world must see My husbandes open shame and thine in doing wrong to mee? But neyther unto heaven nor hell this trespasse shalt thou beare. I will bereve thee of thy shape through pride whereof thou were So hardy to entyce my Feere. Immediatly with that

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 She raught hir by the foretop fast and fiercely threw hir flat Against the grounde. The wretched wench hir armes up mekely cast, Hir armes began with griesly haire to waxe all rugged fast. Hir handes gan warpe and into pawes ylfavordly to grow, And for to serve in stede of feete. The lippes that late ago Did like the mightie Jove so well, with side and flaring flaps Became a wide deformed mouth. And further lest perhaps Hir prayers and hir humble wordes might cause hir to relent: She did bereve hir of hir speach. In steade whereof there went An yreful, horce, and dreadfull voyce out from a threatning throte: But yet the selfesame minde that was before she turnde hir cote, Was in hir still in shape of Beare. The griefe whereof she showes By thrusting forth continuall sighes, and up she gastly throwes Such kinde of handes as then remainde unto the starrie Skie. And forbicause she could not speake she thought Jove inwardly To be unthankfull. Oh how oft she daring not abide Alone among the desert woods, full many a time and tide Would stalke before hir house in grounds that were hir owne erewhile? How oft oh did she in the hilles the barking houndes beguile And in the lawndes where she hir selfe had chased erst hir game, Now flie hirselfe to save hir life when hunters sought the same? Full oft at sight of other beastes she hid hir head for feare, Forgetting what she was hir selfe. For though she were a Beare, Yet when she spied other Beares she quooke for verie paine: And feared Wolves although hir Sire among them did remaine. Beholde Lycaons daughters sonne that Archas had to name About the age of fiftene yeares within the forrest came Of Erymanth, not knowing ought of this his mothers case. There after pitching of his toyles, as he the stagges did chase, Upon his mother sodenly it was his chaunce to light, Who for desire to see hir sonne did stay hirselfe from flight. And wistly on him cast hir looke as one that did him know. But he not knowing what she was began his heeles to show. And when he saw hir still persist in staring on his face, He was afrayde, and from hir sight withdrew himselfe apace, But when he coulde not so be rid, he tooke an armed pike, In full intent hir through the heart with deadly wound to strike.

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 henceforth ceases to be one of said United States, and is, and of right ought to be, a Sovereign and Independent State.

. 2. Be it further declared and ordained by the people of the State of Alabama in Convention assembled, That all the powers over the Territory of said State, and over the people thereof, heretofore delegated to the Government of the United States of America, be and they are hereby withdrawn from said Government, and are hereby resumed and vested in the people of the State of Alabama.

And as it is the desire and purpose of the people of Alabama to meet the slaveholding States of the South, who may approve such purpose, in order to frame a provisional as well as permanent Government upon the principles of the Constitution of the United States,

Be it resolved by the people of Alabama in Convention assembled. That the people of the States of Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Missouri, be and are hereby invited to meet the people of the State of Alabama, by their Delegates, in Convention, on the fourth day of February, A. D. 1861, at the city of Montgomery, in the State of Alabama, for the purpose of consulting with each other as to the most effectual mode of securing concerted and harmonious action in whatever measures may be deemed most desirable for our common peace and security.

And be it further resolved, That the President of this Convention be, and he is hereby, instructed to transmit forthwith a copy of the foregoing Preamble, Ordinance, and Resolutions to the Governors of the several States named in said resolutions.


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 But God almighty held his hand, and lifting both away Did disapoint the wicked Act. For straight he did convay Them through the Ayre with whirling windes to top of all the skie, And there did make them neighbour starres about the Pole on hie. When Juno shining in the heaven hir husbands minion found, She swelde for spight: and downe she comes to watry Tethys round And unto olde Oceanus, whome even the Gods aloft Did reverence for their just deserts full many a time and oft, To whome demaunding hir the cause: And aske ye (quoth she) why That I which am the Queene of Goddes come hither from the sky? Good cause there is I warrant you. Another holdes my roome. For never trust me while I live, if when the night is coome, And overcasteth all the world with shadie darknesse whole, Ye see not in the heigth of heaven hard by the Northren Pole Whereas the utmost circle runnes about the Axeltree In shortest circuit, gloriously enstalled for to bee In shape of starres the stinging woundes that make me yll apayde. Now is there (trow ye) any cause why folke should be afrayde To do to Juno what they list, or dread hir wrathfull mood, Which only by my working harme doe turne my foes to good? O what a mightie act is done? How passing is my powre! I have bereft hir womans shape, and at this present howre She is become a Goddesse. Loe this is the scourge so sowre Wherewith I strike mine enimies. Loe here is all the spight That I can doe: this is the ende of all my wondrous might, No force. I would he should (for me) hir native shape restore, And take away hir brutish shape, like as he hath before Done by his other Paramour, that fine and proper piece Of Argos whom he made a Cow, I meane Phononeus Niece. Why makes he not a full devorce from me, and in my stead Straight take his Sweetheart to his wife, and coll hir in my bed? He can not doe a better deede (I thinke) than for to take Lycaon to his fatherinlaw. But if that you doe make Accompt of me your foster childe, then graunt that for my sake, The Oxen and the wicked Waine of starres in number seven, For whoredome sake but late ago receyved into heaven, May never dive within your waves. Ne let that strumpet vyle

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 By bathing of hir filthie limmes your waters pure defile. The Gods did graunt hir hir request: and straight to heaven she flue, In handsome Chariot through the Ayre, which painted peacocks drue As well beset with blasing eyes late tane from Argus hed, As thou thou prating Raven white by nature being bred, Hadst on thy fethers justly late a coly colour spred. For this same birde in auncient time had fethers faire and whight As ever was the driven snow, or silver cleare and bright. He might have well comparde himself in beautie with the Doves That have no blemish, or the Swan that running water loves: Or with the Geese that afterward should with their gagling out Preserve the Romaine Capitoll beset with foes about. His tongue was cause of all his harme, his tatling tongue did make His colour which before was white, become so foule and blake. Coronis of Larissa was the fairest maide of face, In all the land of Phebus grace As long as that she kept hir chast, or at the least as long As that she scaped unespide in doing Phebus wrong. But at the last Apollos birde hir privie packing spide, Whome no entreatance could persuade but that he swiftly hide Him to his maister, to bewray the doings of his love. Now as he flue, the pratling Crow hir wings apace did move: And overtaking fell in talke and was inquisitive For what intent and to what place he did so swiftly drive. And when she heard the cause thereof, she said: Now trust me sure, This message on the whiche thou goste no goodnesse will procure. And therefore hearken what I say: disdaine thou not at all, To take some warning by thy friende in things that may befall. Consider what I erst have bene and what thou seest me now: And what hath bene the ground hereof. I boldly dare avow, That thou shalt finde my faithfulnesse imputed for a crime. For Pallas in a wicker chest had hid upon a time A childe calde Ericthonius, whome never woman bare, And tooke it unto Maidens three that Cecrops daughters were, Not telling them what was within, but gave them charge to keepe The Casket shut, and for no cause within the same to peepe. I standing close among the leaves upon an Elme on hie,

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 Did marke their doings and their wordes, and there I did espie How Pandrosos and Herse kept their promise faithfully. Aglauros calles them Cowardes both, and makes no more adoe, But takes the Casket in hir hand and doth the knots undooe. And there they saw a childe whose partes beneath were like a snake. Straight to the Goddesse of this deede a just report I make. For which she gave me this reward that never might I more Accompt hir for my Lady and my Mistresse as before. And in my roume she put the fowle that flies not but by night, A warning unto other birdes my lucke should be of right To holde their tongues for being shent. But you will say perchaunce I came unsentfor of my selfe, she did me not advaunce. I dare well say though Pallas now my heavie Mistresse stand Yet if perhaps ye should demaund the question at hir hand, As sore displeased as she is, she would not this denie: But that she chose me first hir selfe to beare hir companie. For (well I know) my father was a Prince of noble fame, Of Phocis King by long discent, Coronew was his name: I was his darling and his joy, and many a welthie Piere (I would not have you thinke disdaine) did seeke me for their Fere. My forme and beautie did me hurt. For as I leysurely Went jetting up and downe the shore upon the gravell drie, As yet I customably doe, the God that rules the Seas Espying me fell straight in love. And when he saw none ease In sute, but losse of wordes and time, he offred violence, And after me he runnes apace. I skudde as fast fro thence, From sand to shore from shore to sand, still playing Foxe to hole, Untill I was so tirde that he had almost got the gole. Then cald I out on God and man. But (as it did appeare) There was no man so neare at hand that could my crying heare. A Virgin Goddesse pitied me bicause I was a mayde: And at the utter plunge and pinche did send me present ayde. I cast mine armes to heaven, mine armes waxt light with fethers black, I went about to cast in hast my garments from my back, And all was fethers. In my skinne the rooted fethers stack. I was about with violent hand to strike my naked breast, But nether had I hand nor breast that naked more did reast.

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text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Kneeland, Samuel (naturalist)


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 I ran, but of my feete as erst remained not the print. Me thought I glided on the ground. Anon with sodaine dint, I rose and hovered in the Ayre. And from that instant time Did wait on Pallas faithfully without offence or crime. But what availes all this to me, and if that in my place The wicked wretch Nyctyminee (who late for lacke of grace Was turned to an odious birde) to honor called bee? I pray thee didst thou never heare how false Nyctyminee (A thing all over Lesbos knowne) defilde hir fathers couch? The beast is now become a birde, whose lewdnesse doth so touch And pricke hir guiltie conscience that she dares not come in sight, Nor shewe hirselfe abrode a dayes, but fleeteth in the night For shame lest folke should see hir fault: and every other birde Doth in the Ayre and Ivie toddes with wondring at hir girde. A mischiefe take thy tatling tongue, the Raven answerde tho. Thy vaine forspeaking moves me not. And so he forth did go And tels his Lorde Apollo how he saw Coronis lie Wyth Isthyis, a Gentleman that dwelt in Thessalie. When Phebus heard his lovers fault, he fiersly gan to frowne, And cast his garlond from his head, and threw his violl downe. His colour chaungde, his face lookt pale, and as the rage of yre That boyled in his belking breast had set his heart on fyre, He caught me up his wonted tooles, and bent his golden bow And by and by with deadly stripe of unavoyded blow Strake through the breast the which his owne had toucht so oft afore. She wounded gave a piteous shrike, and (drawing from the sore The deadly Dart the which the bloud pursuing after fast Upon hir white and tender limmes a scarlet colour cast) Saide: Phebus, well, thou might have wreakt this trespasse on my head And yet forborne me till the time I had bene brought abed. Now in one body by thy meanes a couple shall be dead. Thus muche she saide: and with the bloud hir life did fade away. The bodie being voyde of soule became as colde as clay. Than all too late, alas too late gan Phebus to repent That of his lover he had tane so cruell punishment. He blames himselfe for giving eare so unadvisedly. He blames himselfe in that he tooke it so outragiously.

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 He hates and bannes his faithfull birde bicause he did enforme Him of his lovers naughtinesse that made him so to storme. He hates his bow, he hates his shaft that rashly from it went: And eke he hates his hasty hands by whom the bow was bent. He takes hir up betweene his armes endevoring all too late By plaister made of precious herbes to stay hir helplesse fate. But when he saw there was no shift: but that she needes must burne, And that the solemne sacred fire was prest to serve the turne, Then from the bottome of his heart full sorie sighes he fet, (For heavenly powres with watrie teares their cheekes may never wet) In case as when a Cow beholdes the cruell butcher stand With launching Axe embrewd with bloud and lifting up his hand Aloft to snatch hir sucking Calfe that hangeth by the heeles And of the Axe the deadly dint upon his forehead feeles. Howbeit after sweete perfumes bestowde upon hir corse And much embracing, having sore bewailde hir wrong divorse, He followed to the place assignde hir bodie for to burne. There coulde he not abide to see his seede to ashes turne. But tooke the baby from hir wombe and from the firie flame, And unto double Chyrons den conveyed straight the same. The Raven hoping for his truth to be rewarded well, He maketh blacke, forbidding him with whiter birdes to dwell. The Centaure Chyron in the while was glad of Phebus boy, And as the burthen brought some care the honor brought him joy. Upon a time with golden lockes about hir shoulders spread, A daughter of the Centaurs (whome a certaine Nymph had bred About the brooke Caycus bankes) that hight Ocyroe Came thither. This same fayre yong Nymph could not contented be To learne the craft of Surgerie as perfect as hir Sire, But that to learne the secret doomes of Fate she must aspire. And therfore when the furious rage of frenzie had hir cought, And that the spright of Prophecie enflamed had hir thought, She lookt upon the childe and saide: Sweete babe the Gods thee make A man. For all the world shall fare the better for thy sake. All sores and sicknesse shalt thou cure: thy powre shall eke be syche, To make the dead alive again. For doing of the whiche Against the pleasure of the Gods, thy Graundsire shall thee strike

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 So with his fire, that never more thou shalt performe the like. And of a God a bludlesse corse, and of a corse (full straunge) Thou shalt become a God againe, and twice thy nature chaunge. And thou my father liefe and deare, who now by destinie, Art borne to live for evermore and never for to die, Shalt suffer such outragious paine throughout thy members all, By wounding of a venimde dart that on thy foote shall fall, That oft thou shalt desire to die, and in the latter end The fatall dames shall breake thy threede and thy desire thee send. There was yet more behinde to tell, when sodenly she fet A sore deepe sigh, and downe hir cheekes the teares did trickle wet. Mine owne misfortune (quoth she) now hath overtake me sure. I cannot utter any more, for words waxe out of ure. My cunning was not worth so much as that it should procure The wrath of God. I feele by proufe far better had it bene: If that the chaunce of things to come I never had foreseene. For now my native shape withdrawes. Me thinkes I have delight To feede on grasse and fling in fieldes: I feele my selfe so light. I am transformed to a Mare like other of my kinne. But wherfore should this brutish shape all over wholy winne? Considering that although both horse and man my father bee: Yet is his better part a man as plainly is to see. The latter ende of this complaint was fumbled in such wise, As what she meant the standers by could scarcely well devise. Anon she neyther semde to speake nor fully for to ney, But like to one that counterfeites in sport the Mare to play. Within a while she neyed plaine, and downe hir armes were pight Upon the ground all clad with haire, and bare hir bodie right. Hir fingers joyned all in one, at ende wherof did grow In stede of nayles a round tough hoofe of welked horne bylow. Hir head and necke shot forth in length, hir kirtle trayne became A faire long taile. Hir flaring haire was made a hanging Mane. And as hir native shape and voyce most monstrously did passe, So by the uncoth name of Mare she after termed was. The Centaure Chyron wept hereat: and piteously dismaide Did call on thee (although in vaine) thou Delphian God for ayde. For neyther lay it in thy hande to breake Joves mighty hest,

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 And though it had, yet in thy state as then thou did not rest. In Elis did thou then abide and in Messene lande. It was the time when under shape of shepehierde with a wande Of Olyve and a pipe of reedes thou kept Admetus sheepe. Now in this time that (save of Love) thou tooke none other keepe, And madste thee merrie with thy pipe, the glistring Maias sonne By chaunce abrode the fields of Pyle spide certaine cattle runne Without a hierde, the which he stole and closely did them hide Among the woods. This pretie slight no earthly creature spide, Save one old churle that Battus hight. This Battus had the charge Of welthie Neleus feeding groundes, and all his pastures large, And kept a race of goodly Mares. Of him he was afraide. And lest by him his privie theft should chaunce to be bewraide, He tooke a bribe to stop his mouth, and thus unto him saide: My friend I pray thee if perchaunce that any man enquire This cattell say thou saw them not. And take thou for thy hire This faire yong Bullocke. Tother tooke the Bullocke at his hand, And shewing him a certaine stone that lay upon the lande, Sayd, go thy way: Assoone this stone thy doings shall bewray, As I shall doe. So Mercurie did seeme to go his way. Annon he commes me backe againe, and altred both in speche And outward shape, saide: Countrieman Ich heartely bezeche, And if thou zawest any kie come royling through this grounde, Or driven away, tell what he was and where they may be vownde. And I chill gethee vor thy paine an Hecfar and hir match. The Carle perceyving double gaine, and greedy for to catch, Sayde: Under yon same hill they were, and under yon same hill Cham zure they are, and with his hand he poynted thereuntill. At that Mercurius laughing saide: False knave: and doste bewray Me to my selfe? doste thou bewray me to my selfe I say? And with that word strayt to a stone he turnde his double heart, In which the slaunder yet remaines without the stones desart. The Bearer of the charmed Rod, the suttle Mercurie, This done, arose with waving wings and from that place did flie. And as he hovered in the Ayre he viewde the fieldes bylow Of Atticke and the towne it selfe with all the trees that grow In Lycey where the learned Clarkes did wholsome preceptes show.

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text: Poems (Coates 1916)/Volume II/Henry James


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There're three verses from Hiliad, in ancient Greek. --Alex brollo (talk) 21:10, 24 January 2011 (UTC)


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 By chaunce the verie selfesame day the virgins of the towne Of olde and auncient custome bare in baskets on their crowne Beset with garlands fresh and gay and strowde with flowres sweete To Pallas towre such sacrifice as was of custome meete. The winged God beholding them returning in a troupe Continued not directly forth, but gan me downe to stoupe, And fetch a wyndlasse round about. And as the hungry kite Beholding unto sacrifice a Bullocke redie dight, Doth sore about his wished pray desirous for to snatche But that he dareth not for such as stand about and watch: So Mercurie with nimble wings doth keepe a lower gate About Minervas loftie towres in round and wheeling rate. As far as doth the Morning starre in cleare and streaming light Excell all other starres in heaven: as far also as bright Dame Phebe dimmes the Morning starre, so far did Herses face Staine all the Ladies of hir troupe: she was the verie grace And beautie of that solemne pompe, and all that traine so fayre. Joves sonne was ravisht with the sight, and hanging in the ayre Began to swelt within himselfe, in case as when the poulder Hath driven the Pellet from the Gunne, the Pellet ginnes to smoulder: And in his flying waxe more hote. In smoking brest he shrowdes His flames not brought from heaven above but caught beneath the clouds. He leaves his jorney toward heaven and takes another race Not minding any lenger time to hide his present case. So great a trust and confidence his beautie to him gave Which though it seemed of it selfe sufficient force to have, Yet was he curious for to make himselfe more fine and brave. He kembd his head and strokt his beard, and pried on every side To see that in his furniture no wrinkle might be spide. And forbicause his Cloke was fringde and garded brode with golde, He cast it on his shoulder up most seemely to beholde. He takes in hand his charmed rod that bringeth things asleepe And wakes them when he list againe. And lastly taketh keepe That on his faire welformed feete his golden shooes sit cleene, And that all other things therto well correspondent beene. In Cecrops Court were Chambers three set far from all resort With yvorie beddes all furnished in far most royall sort.

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 Of which Aglauros had the left and Pandrose had the right, And Herse had the middlemost. She that Aglauros hight First markt the comming of the God, and asking him his name Demaunded him for what entent and cause he thither came. Pleiones Nephew, Maias sonne, did make hir aunswere thus: I am my fathers messenger, his pleasure to discusse To mortall folke and hellish fiendes as list him to commaund. My father is the mightie Jove. To that thou doste demaund I will not feyne a false excuse. I aske no more but graunt To keepe thy sisters counsell close, and for to be the Aunt Of such the issue as on hir my chaunce shalbe to get. Thy sister Herse is the cause that hath me hither fet. I pray thee beare thou with my love that is so firmely set. Aglauros cast on Mercurie hir scornfull eyes aside, With which against Minervas will hir secretes late she spide, Demaunding him in recompence a mighty masse of Golde: And would not let him enter in until the same were tolde. The warlike Goddesse cast on hir a sterne and cruell looke, And fetched such a cutting sigh that forcibly it shooke Both brest and brestplate, wherewithall it came unto hir thought How that Aglauros late ago against hir will had wrought In looking on the Lemman childe contrarie to hir othe, The whiche she tooke hir in the chest, for which she waxed wrothe. Againe she saw hir cancred heart maliciously repine Against hir sister and the God. And furthermore in fine How that the golde which Mercurie had given hir for hir meede, Would make hir both in welth and pride all others to exceede. She goes me straight to Envies house, a foule and irksome cave, Replete with blacke and lothly filth and stinking like a grave. It standeth in a hollow dale where neyther light of Sunne Nor blast of any winde or Ayre may for the deepenesse come. A dreyrie sad and dolefull den ay full of slouthfull colde As which ay dimd with smoldring smoke doth never fire beholde, When Pallas, that same manly Maide, approched nere this plot, She staide without, for to the house in enter might she not, And with hir Javelin point did give a push against the doore. The doore flue open by and by and fell me in the floore.

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 the petition was a copy of the process, by virtue of which, it was alledged, the petitioner was held in custody.

This writ purported to be what is commonly called a mittimus, issued by Winfield Smith, Esq. "a Commissioner duly appointed by the District Court of the United States for said district (District of Wisconsin) under and by virtue of the several acts of Congress," and recited that the petitioner was "charged on oath with having, on the 11th day of March, 1854, at the city of Milwaukee, in said County and District, unlawfully aided, assisted and abetted a person named Joshua Glover, held to service or labor in the State of Missouri, under the laws thereof, and being the property of one Benjamin S. Garland, and having escaped therefrom into the State of Wisconsin, to escape from the lawful custody of Charles C. Cotton, a Deputy of the Marshal of the United States for the District of Wisconsin, the said Charles C. Cotton having then and there arrested and taken into custody the said Joshua Glover, by virtue of a warrant issued by the Judge of the United States for the said District pursuant to the provisions of the act of Congress in that case made and provided, approved Sept. 18th, 1850," &c. The writ goes on to recite an examination before the Commissioner, its result in holding the petitioner to bail, the giving of the required bail, his subsequent arrest and surrender by his bail, the order of the Commissioner to enter into recognizance again, his neglect and refusal so to do, and hence the issuing of the writ; and close with the following command: "Now, therefore, you, the said Marshal, are hereby commanded forthwith to convey and deliver into the custody of the keeper of the said common jail, the body of the said Sherman M. Booth, and you, the said keeper of the said common jail, are hereby commanded and required to receive the said Sherman M. Booth into your custody in the said jail, and him there safely keep, until he shall be discharged by due course of law."

In his application or petition, the petitioner alledged the illegality of his imprisonment to consist in the following, viz: That the act of Congress, referred to in the said warrant, is unconstitutional and void; also, that Congress has no constitutional power or authority to punish the offence with which said Booth is charged, and for which he is detained; that the act of Congress of 1850, is in violation of the provisions of compact, unalterable, except by common consent, contained in the Ordinance of 1787, for the government of the Territory northwest of the Ohio River, and that therefore said act is not in force in said State. "And also that it is alledged in said warrant; and also in the complaint on which the same was founded, (all of which appears by said warrant) that the said Joshua Glover was the property of the said Benjamin S. Garland, whereas the said act of Congress, under which said complaint was made, punishes the aiding, &c. in the escape of 'persons held to service or labor under the laws,' &c. and not the aiding in the escape of 'property,' for which reason said warrant is defective in substance and form."

Upon this application, I could not hesitate to issue the writ according to the prayer of the petition. I had hoped indeed, that, inasmuch as at least two opportunities had been presented to the petitioner, since his original arrest, to apply to the Supreme Court in term time for this writ, that he would have done so, had he been disposed to avail himself of its instrumentality. The Court was in session at the time of his arrest, and an adjourned session was held, commencing the 15th day of May, at either of which times the petitioner might have presented his application, and obtained the opinion and judgment of the whole court, and I am at a loss to conceive the motive which may have induced him or his adviseres to forego such opportunities. But I have no right to complain that any citizens calls upon me for the discharge of any duty pertaining to my office. I do not complain. Yet I cannot but feel the immense responsibility thrown upon me alone, and may be pardoned for expressing my regret, that I am deprived of the aid and counsel of my associates, so much better able to cope with the grave and intricate questions involved than I am myself. Whether by design of from necessity this application has been made to me, I meet the emergency with all the anxiety and concern which it cannot fail to excite, and I hope with some share of the firmness which the occasion and the nature of the questions involved imperatively demand.

There was no question pertaining to the subject matter of the application, nor connected with the parties, which approached in the slightest degree to a conflict of jurisdiction between the State and Federal Courts, or the Judges thereof. The warrant, by virtue of which the petitioner was held, was not issued by a Federal Judge or Court, but by a Commissioner of the District Court of the United States. No exclusive or ultimate jurisdiction can be claimed for an officer of this kind. As one of the justices of the highest judicial tribunal of this State, which tribunal represents in that behalf the sovereignty of the State, I could not deny to any citizen or person entitled to the protection of the State, the proper process by which the validity of a warrant issued by such authority, could be examined. Nor can I admit that a Court Commissioner, holding his appointment at the will of the Court, responsible only to such Court, in fact irresponsible and unimpeachable, has the right or the power, or can have the right or the power, to issue any process by which a citizen of the State may be imprisoned, that may not be examined, and its validity tested by the proper judicial authority of the State. Indeed, we may go farther, and say, that as every citizen has a right to call upon the State authority for protection, and as the judicial power is that only to which application can usually be made by the citizen, it is the duty of the judicial officer, when applied to, to see that no citizen is imprisoned within the limits of the State, nor taken beyond its limits, except by proper, legal and constitutional authority. It is not in the power of anybody to divest the State Judiciary of such authority, nor can anybody but the people themselves, absolve the judicial officers of the State from the performance of their duty in this behalf.

It is not necessary here to inquire what would be the force and effect of a warrant like the present one, were it issued by a judicial officer of the United States. I confess, however, that I have never been able to appreciate the liability to, or danger of, or necessity for collision between the judicial and ministerial authority of the States and the United States.

The line of demarcation is not very dim, and a proper regard to the peculiar functions of each class of officers, will render all apprehension on that score, a work of supererogation. But the States will never submit to the assumption, that United States Court Commissioners have the power to hear and determine upon the rights and liberties of their citizens, and issue process to enforce their adjudications, which is beyond the examination or review of the State Judiciary. They will cheerfully submit to the exercise of all power and authority by the Federal Judiciary, which is delegated to that department by the Federal Constitution, but they have a right to insist, and they will insist, that the State Judiciary shall be and remain supreme in all else, and that the functions of the Federal Judiciary within the territory of the States, shall be exercised by the officers designated, or provided for, by the Constitution of the United States, and not be transferred to subordinate and irresponsible functionaries, holding their office at the will of the Federal Courts, doing their duty and obeying their mandates, for which neither the one nore the other is responsible.

Every jot and tittle of power delegated to the Federal Government will be acquiesced in, but every jot and tittle of power reserved to the States will be rigidly asserted, and as rigidly sustained.

It is only by exacting of the Federal Government a rigid conformity to the prescribed limitation of its powers, and by the assertion and exercise on the part of the States of all the powers reserved to them, and a due regard by both to their just and legitimate sphere, that obedience can be rightfully exacted of the citizen, to the authority of either.

Entertaining the opinion that a Commissioner of a United States Court had not rightful authority to imprison a citizen of this State, or any other person entitled to the protection of its laws, by any process which precluded the State authority from inquiring into the proceedings of such Commissioner, and on inspection of the writ, a copy of which was presented with the petition, I could not deny the writ of Habeas Corpus prayed for.

The Marshal to whom the writ was directed, in conformity with the double allegiance which we all owe to the State and to the United States, promptly made return, bringing the body of the petitioner before me, and showing us the cause of his caption and detention, a copy of the mittimus herein before mentioned.

The petitioner demurred to the return of the Marshal, and thus the whole question of the legality of the Commissioner's process, both in respect to its form and substance, and the validity of the law of Congress, for the alledged violation of which the petitioner was arrested, is fairly and fully presented.

The petitioner demands his discharge from imprisonment on two grounds:

1st, Because the law of Congress, approved the 18th of September, 1850, in relation to the extradition of fugitives from service or labor, is unconstitutional; and


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  either in the matter or manner of his works; indeed his last great book is a monument of historical scholarship, and contains several passages of splendid writing (see especially History of Sicily, iii. c. 8). Freeman raised the study of history in England to a higher level than that on which he found it, chiefly by inculcating the importance of a critical use of original authorities, of accuracy of statement, and of the recognition of the unity of history. He did good service to the public by his unsparing exposure of pretentious ignorance and his correction of popular errors in his reviews and other articles, and he gave the world some books which, praised as they are at present by all competent judges, will not be valued less highly by historical scholars of later generations.

A full list of Freeman's books and his articles in quarterly and monthly publications is given in his ‘Life and Letters.’ Besides pamphlets, lectures published singly, and contributions to books, periodical literature, and archæological journals, he wrote:  ‘A History of Architecture,’ London, 1849.  ‘Essay on … Window Tracery in England,’ Oxford, 1850.  ‘Poems,’ with Mr. (now Rev. Sir) G. W. Cox, London, 1850.  ‘History and Antiquities of St. David's,’ with William Basil Jones [q. v. Suppl.], later bishop of St. David's, Oxford, 1856.  ‘History and Conquests of the Saracens,’ lectures delivered at Edinburgh in 1855, London, 1856; with a new preface, 1876.  ‘A History of Federal Government,’ vol. i.—all published—London, 1863; republished and edited with additions by Professor J. B. Bury as ‘The History of Federal Government in Greece and Italy,’ London, 1893.  ‘Old English History for Children,’ London, 1869; reissued with omission of ‘for children’ in title, 9th edit., revised, 1892. ‘History of the Cathedral Church of Wells,’ lectures with notes, London, 1870.  ‘History of the Norman Conquest,’ 5 vols. and index vol., Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1867-79; 2nd edit. vols. i-iii. 1870-5; 3rd edit. vols. i. and ii., 1877. -13. ‘Historical Essays,’ collected, first series, 1871; 2nd ser. 1873, 4th edit. 1892; 3rd ser. 1879; 4th ser. 1892—all London.  ‘Growth of the English Constitution,’ London, 1872; French translation by M. A. Delahaye, Paris, 1877.  ‘General Sketch of European History’ in Macmillan's ‘Historical Course for Schools,’ which was edited by Freeman, London, 1872.
 ‘Comparative Politics,’ lectures at the Royal Institution, London, 1874, 1896.
 ‘Disestablishment and Disendowment,’ London, 1874.
 ‘History of Europe’ in Macmillan's ‘History Primers,’ edited by J. R. Green, London, 1875.
 ‘Historical and Architectural Sketches,’ with illustrations from the author's drawings, London, 1876.
 ‘The Ottoman Power in Europe,’ London, 1877.
 ‘Short History of the Norman Conquest,’ Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1880.
 ‘Subject and Neighbour Lands of Venice,’ London, 1881.
 ‘Historical Geography of Europe,’ vol. i. text, vol. ii. maps, London, 1881, 1882.
 ‘Lectures to American Audiences,’ Philadelphia, London, 1882.
 ‘The Reign of William Rufus,’ 2 vols., Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1882.
 ‘Some Impressions of the United States,’ London, 1883.
 ‘English Towns and Districts,’ addresses, &c., collected, London 1883.
 ‘Methods of Historical Study,’ Oxford lectures, London, 1886.
 ‘Chief Periods of European History,’ Oxford lectures, London, 1886.
 ‘Greater Greece and Greater Britain,’ lectures, London, 1886.
 ‘Exeter’ in ‘Historic Towns’ series, edited by Freeman and W. Hunt, London, 1887.
 ‘Fifty Years of European History,’ Oxford lectures, London, 1887.
 ‘William the Conqueror’ in Macmillan's ‘English Statesmen’ series, London, 1888.
 ‘Sketches from French Travel,’ Tauchnitz, Leipzig, 1891.
 ‘History of Sicily,’ 3 vols., Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1891-2; vol. iv. edited by Mr. A. J. Evans, 1894.
 ‘Sicily’ in ‘Story of the Nations’ series, London and New York, 1892.
 ‘Studies of Travel’ (Greece and Italy), 2 vols., edited by Miss F. Freeman, London and New York, 1893.
 'Studies of Travel’ (Normandy and Maine), edited by Miss F. Freeman, London, 1897.

FREMANTLE, THOMAS FRANCIS, first (1798–1890), eldest son of Vice-admiral Sir  [q. v.], who married at Naples, on 12 Feb. 1796, Elizabeth (d. 1857), daughter and coheir of Richard Wynne of Falkingham, Lincolnshire, was born in Bolton Row, Piccadilly, on 11 March 1798. He matriculated from Oriel College, Oxford, on 19 March 1816, and graduated B.A. in 1819, taking a first class in mathematics and a second in classics. On 14 Aug. 1821 he was created a baronet, out of respect to the memory of his father, who died on 19 Dec. 1819. As Sir Thomas Fremantle he entered parliament at the general election of 1826,


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 There saw she Envie sit within fast gnawing on the flesh Of Snakes and Todes, the filthie foode that keepes hir vices fresh. It lothde hir to beholde the sight. Anon the Elfe arose And left the gnawed Adders flesh, and slouthfully she goes With lumpish laysure like a Snayle, and when she saw the face Of Pallas and hir faire attire adournde with heavenly grace, She gave a sigh, a sorie sigh, from bottome of hir heart. Hir lippes were pale, hir cheekes were wan, and all hir face was swart: Hir bodie leane as any Rake. She looked eke askew. Hir teeth were furde with filth and drosse, hir gums were waryish blew. The working of hir festered gall had made hir stomacke greene. And all bevenimde was hir tongue. No sleepe hir eyes had seene. Continuall Carke and cankred care did keepe hir waking still: Of laughter (save at others harmes) the Helhound can no skill. It is against hir will that men have any good successe, And if they have, she frettes and fumes within hir minde no lesse Than if hir selfe had taken harme. In seeking to annoy And worke distresse to other folke, hir selfe she doth destroy. Thus is she torment to hir selfe. Though Pallas did hir hate, Yet spake she briefly these few wordes to hir without hir gate: Infect thou with thy venim one of Cecrops daughters three, It is Aglauros whome I meane, for so it needes must bee. This said, she pight hir speare in ground, and tooke hir rise thereon. And winding from that wicked wight did take hir flight anon. The Caitife cast hir eye aside, and seeing Pallas gon, Began to mumble with hir selfe the Divels Paternoster, And fretting at hir good successe, began to blow and bluster. She takes a crooked staffe in hand bewreathde with knubbed prickes, And covered with a coly cloude, where ever that she stickes Hir filthie feete, she tramples downe and seares both grasse and corne: That all the fresh and fragrant fieldes seeme utterly forlorne. And with hir staffe she tippeth off the highest poppie heades. Such poyson also every where ungraciously she sheades, That every Cottage where she comes and every Towne and Citie Doe take infection at hir breath. At length (the more is pitie) She found the faire Athenian towne that flowed freshly then In feastfull peace and joyfull welth and learned witts of men.

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 And forbicause she nothing saw that might provoke to weepe, It was a corsie to hir heart hir hatefull teares to keepe. Now when she came within the Court, she went without delay Directly to the lodgings where King Cecrops daughters lay, There did she as Minerva bad. She laide hir scurvie fist Besmerde with venim and with filth upon Aglauros brist, The whiche she filde with hooked thornes: and breathing on hir face Did shead the poyson in hir bones: which spred it selfe apace, As blacke as ever virgin pitch through Lungs and Lights and all. And to th'intent that cause of griefe abundantly should fall, She placed ay before hir eyes hir sisters happie chaunce In being wedded to the God, and made the God to glaunce Continually in heavenly shape before hir wounded thought. And all these things she painted out, which in conclusion wrought Such corsies in Aglauros brest that sighing day and night She gnawde and fretted in hir selfe for very cancred spight. And like a wretche she wastes hir selfe with restlesse care and pine Like as the yse whereon the Sunne with glimering light doth shine. Hir sister Herses good successe doth make hir heart to yerne, In case as when that fire is put to greenefeld wood or fearne Whych giveth neyther light nor heate, but smulders quite away: Sometime she minded to hir Sire hir sister to bewray, Who (well she knew) would yll abide so lewde a part to play. And oft she thought with wilfull hande to brust hir fatall threede, Bicause she woulde not see the thing that made hir heart to bleede. At last she sate hir in the doore and leaned to a post To let the God from entring in. To whome now having lost Much talke and gentle wordes in vayne, she said: Sir, leave I pray For hence I will not (be you sure) onlesse you go away. I take thee at thy word (quoth he) and therewithall he pusht His rod against the barred doore, and wide it open rusht. She making proffer for to rise, did feele so great a waight Through all hir limmes, that for hir life she could not stretch hir straight. She strove to set hirself upright: but striving booted not. Hir hamstrings and hir knees were stiffe, a chilling colde had got In at hir nayles, through all hir limmes. And eke hir veynes began For want of bloud and lively heate, to waxe both pale and wan.

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 And as the freting Fistula forgrowne and past all cure Runnes in the flesh from place to place, and makes the sound and pure As bad or worser than the rest, even so the cold of death Strake to hir heart, and closde hir veines, and lastly stopt hir breath: She made no profer for to speake, and though she had done so It had bene vaine. For way was none for language forth to go. Hir throte congealed into stone: hir mouth became hard stone, And like an image sate she still, hir bloud was clearely gone, The which the venim of hir heart so fowly did infect, That ever after all the stone with freckled spots was spect. When Mercurie had punisht thus Aglauros spightfull tung And cancred heart, immediatly from Pallas towne he flung. And flying up with flittering wings did pierce to heaven above. His father calde him straight aside (but shewing not his love) Said: Sonne, my trustie messenger and worker of my will, Make no delay but out of hand flie downe in hast untill The land that on the left side lookes upon thy mothers light, Yon same where standeth on the coast the towne that Sidon hight. The King hath there a heirde of Neate that on the Mountaines feede, Go take and drive them to the sea with all convenient speede. He had no sooner said the word but that the heirde begun Driven from the mountaine to the shore appointed for to run, Whereas the daughter of the King was wonted to resort With other Ladies of the Court there for to play and sport. Betweene the state of Majestie and love is set such oddes, As that they can not dwell in one. The Sire and King of Goddes Whose hand is armd with triplefire, who only with his frowne Makes Sea and Land and Heaven to quake, doth lay his scepter downe With all the grave and stately port belonging thereunto: And putting on the shape of Bull (as other cattell doe) Goes lowing gently up and downe among them in the field The fairest beast to looke upon that ever man beheld. For why? his colour was as white as any winters snow Before that eyther trampling feete or Southerne winde it thow. His necke was brawnd with rolles of flesh, and from his chest before A dangling dewlap hung me downe good halfe a foote and more. His hornes were small, but yet so fine as that ye would have thought

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 They had bene made by cunning hand or out of waxe bene wrought. More cleare they were a hundreth fold than is the Christall stone, In all his forehead fearfull frowne or wrinkle there was none. No fierce, no grim, nor griesly looke as other cattle have, But altogether so demure as friendship seemde to crave. Agenors daughter marveld much so tame a beast to see, But yet to touche him at the first too bolde she durst not bee. Annon she reaches to his mouth hir hand with herbes and flowres. The loving beast was glad thereof and neither frownes nor lowres. But till the hoped joy might come with glad and fauning cheare He lickes hir hands and scarce ah scarce the resdue he forbeare. Sometime he friskes and skippes about and showes hir sport at hand Annon he layes his snowie side against the golden sand. So feare by little driven away, he offred eft his brest To stroke and coy, and eft his hornes with flowers to be drest. At last Europa knowing not (for so the Maide was calde) On whome she venturde for to ride, was nerawhit appalde To set hir selfe upon his backe. Then by and by the God From maine drie land to maine moyst Sea gan leysurly to plod. At first he did but dip his feete within the outmost wave, And backe againe, then further in another plunge he gave. And so still further till at the last he had his wished pray Amid the deepe where was no meanes to scape with life away. The Ladie quaking all for feare with rufull countnance cast Ay toward shore from whence she came, held with hir righthand fast One of his hornes: and with the left did stay upon his backe. The weather flaskt and whisked up hir garments being slacke.

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he God now having laide aside his borrowed shape of Bull Had in his likenesse shewde himself: and with his pretie trull Tane landing in the Ile of Crete. When in that while hir Sire Not knowing where she was become, sent after to enquire Hir brother Cadmus, charging him his sister home to bring, Or never for to come againe: wherein he did a thing, For which he might both justly kinde and cruell called bee. When Cadmus over all the world had sought, (for who is hee That can detect the thefts of Jove?) and no where could hir see, Then as an outlaw (to avoyde his fathers wrongfull yre) He went to Phebus Oracle most humbly to desire His heavenly counsell, where he would assigne him place to dwell. An Heifer all alone in field (quoth Phebus) marke hir well, Which never bare the pinching yoke, nor drew the plough as yit, Shall meete thee. Follow after hir, and where thou seest hir sit, There builde a towne, and let thereof Beotia be the name. Downe from Parnasus stately top scarce fully Cadmus came, When royling softly in the vale before the herde alone He saw an Heifer on whose necke of servage print was none. He followde after leysurly as hir that was his guide, And thanked Phebus in his heart that did so well provide. Now had he past Cephisus forde, and eke the pleasant groundes About the Citie Panope conteinde within those boundes. The Heifer staide, and lifting up hir forehead to the skie Full seemely for to looke upon with homes like braunches hie Did with hir lowing fill the Ayre: and casting backe hir eie Upon the rest that came aloofe, as softly as she could Kneelde downe and laide hir hairie side against the grassie mould. Then Cadmus gave Apollo thankes, and falling flat bylow Did kisse the ground and haile the fields which yet he did not know. He was about to sacrifice to Ioue the Heavenly King, And bad his servants goe and fetch him water of the spring. An olde forgrowne unfelled wood stoode neare at hand thereby, And in the middes a queachie plot with Sedge and Osiers hie,

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 Where courbde about with peble stone in likenesse of a bow There was a spring with silver streames that forth thereof did flow. Here lurked in his lowring den God Mars his griesly Snake With golden scales and firie eyes beswolne with poyson blake. Three spirting tongues, three rowes of teeth within his head did sticke. No sooner had the Tirian folke set foote within this thicke And queachie plot, and deped downe their bucket in the well, But that to buscle in his den began this Serpent fell, And peering with a marble head right horribly to hisse. The Tirians let their pitchers slip for sodaine feare of this, And waxing pale as any clay, like folke amazde and flaight, Stoode trembling like an Aspen leafe. The specled serpent straight Commes trailing out in waving linkes, and knottie rolles of scales, And bending into bunchie boughts his bodie forth he hales. And lifting up above the wast himselfe unto the Skie, He overlooketh all the wood, as huge and big welnie As is the Snake that in the Heaven about the Nordren Pole Devides the Beares. He makes no stay but deales his dreadfull dole Among the Tirians. Whether they did take them to their tooles, Or to their heeles, or that their feare did make them stand like fooles, And helpe themselves by none of both, he snapt up some alive, And swept in others with his taile, and some he did deprive Of life with rankenesse of his breath, and other some againe He stings and poysons unto death till all at last were slaine. Now when the Sunne was at his heigth and shadowes waxed short, And Cadmus saw his companie make tarience in that sort, He marveld what should be their let, and went to seeke them out. His harnesse was a Lions skin that wrapped him about. His weapons were a long strong speare with head of yron tride, And eke a light and piercing Dart. And thereunto beside Worth all the weapons in the world a stout and valiant hart. When Cadmus came within the wood and saw about that part His men lie slaine upon the ground, and eke their cruell fo Of bodie huge stand over them, and licking with his blo And blasting tongue their sorie woundes: Well trustie friendes (quoth he) I eyther of your piteous deathes will streight revenger be, Or else will die my selfe therefore. With that he raughting fast

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 A mightie Milstone, at the Snake with all his might it cast. The stone with such exceding force and violence forth was driven, As of a fort the bulwarkes strong and walles it would have riven. And yet it did the Snake no harme: his scales as hard and tough As if they had bene plates of mayle did fence him well inough, So that the stone rebounded backe against his freckled slough. But yet his hardnesse savde him not against the piercing dart. For hitting right betweene the scales that yeelded in that part Whereas the joynts doe knit the backe, it thirled through the skin, And pierced to his filthy mawe and greedy guts within. He fierce with wrath wrings backe his head, and looking on the stripe, The Javeling steale that sticked out, betwene his teeth doth gripe. The which with wresting to and fro at length he forth did winde, Save that he left the head therof among his bones behinde. When of his courage through the wound more kindled was the ire, His throteboll swelde with puffed veines, his eyes gan sparkle fire. There stoode about his smeared chaps a lothly foming froth. His skaled brest ploughes up the ground, the stinking breath that goth Out from his blacke and hellish mouth infectes the herbes full fowle. Sometime he windes himselfe in knots as round as any Bowle. Sometime he stretcheth out in length as straight as any beame. Anon againe with violent brunt he rusheth like a streame Encreast by rage of latefalne raine, and with his mightie sway Beares downe the wood before his breast that standeth in his way. Agenors sonne retiring backe doth with his Lions spoyle Defend him from his fierce assaults, and makes him to recoyle Aye holding at the weapons point. The Serpent waxing wood Doth crashe the steele betwene his teeth, and bites it till the blood, Dropt mixt with poyson from his mouth, did die the greene grasse blacke, But yet the wound was verie light bicause he writhed backe And puld his head still from the stroke: and made the stripe to die By giving way, untill that Cadmus following irefully The stroke, with all his powre and might did through the throte him rive, And naylde him to an Oke behind the which he eke did clive. The Serpents waight did make the tree to bend. It grievde the tree His bodie of the Serpents taile thus scourged for to bee.

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 While Cadmus wondred at the hugenesse of the vanquisht foe Upon the sodaine came a voyce: from whence he could not know, But sure he was he heard the voyce. Which said: Agenors sonne, What gazest thus upon this Snake? the time will one day come That thou thy selfe shalt be a Snake. He pale and wan for feare, Had lost his speach: and ruffled up stiffe staring stood his heare. Behold (mans helper at his neede) Dame Pallas gliding through The vacant Ayre was straight at hand, and bade him take a plough And cast the Serpents teeth in ground, as of the which should spring Another people out of hand. He did in every thing As Pallas bade, he tooke a plough, and earde a furrow low And sowde the Serpents teeth whereof the foresaid folke should grow. Anon (a wondrous thing to tell) the clods began to move, And from the furrow first of all the pikes appearde above, Next rose up helmes with fethered crests, and then the Poldrens bright, Successively the Curets whole, and all the armor right. Thus grew up men like corne in field in rankes of battle ray With shields and weapons in their hands to feight the field that day. Even so when stages are attirde against some solemne game, With clothes of Arras gorgeously, in drawing up the same The faces of the ymages doe first of all them showe, And then by peecemeale all the rest in order seemes to grow, Untill at last they stand out full upon their feete bylow. Afrighted at this new found foes gan Cadmus for to take Him to his weapons by and by resistance for to make. Stay, stay thy selfe (cride one of them that late before were bred Out of the ground) and meddle not with civill warres. This sed, One of the brothers of that brood with launcing sworde he slue. Another sent a dart at him, the which him overthrue. The third did straight as much for him and made him yeelde the breath, (The which he had receyvde but now) by stroke of forced death. Likewise outraged all the rest untill that one by one By mutuall stroke of civill warre dispatched everychone, This broode of brothers all behewen and weltred in their blood, Lay sprawling on their mothers womb, the ground where erst they stood, Save only five that did remaine. Of whom Echion led By Pallas counsell, threw away the helmet from his head,

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 And with his brothers gan to treat attonement for to make. The which at length (by Pallas helpe) so good successe did take, That faithfull friendship was confirmd and hand in hand was plight. These afterward did well assist the noble Tyrian knight, In building of the famous towne that Phebus had behight. Now Thebes stoode in good estate, now Cadmus might thou say That when thy father banisht thee it was a luckie day. To joyne aliance both with Mars and Venus was thy chaunce, Whose daughter thou hadst tane to wife, who did thee much advaunce, Not only through hir high renowne, but through a noble race Of sonnes and daughters that she bare: whose children in like case It was thy fortune for to see all men and women growne. But ay the ende of every thing must marked be and knowne. For none the name of blessednesse deserveth for to have Onlesse the tenor of his life last blessed to his grave. Among so many prosprous happes that flowde with good successe, Thine eldest Nephew was a cause of care and sore distresse. Whose head was armde with palmed homes, whose own hounds in the wood Did pull their master to the ground and fill them with his bloud. But if you sift the matter well, ye shall not finde desart But cruell fortune to have bene the cause of this his smart. For who could doe with oversight? Great slaughter had bene made Of sundrie sortes of savage beastes one morning: and the shade Of things was waxed verie short. It was the time of day That mid betweene the East and West the Sunne doth seeme to stay. When as the Thebane stripling thus bespake his companie, Still raunging in the waylesse woods some further game to spie: Our weapons and our toyles are moist and staind with bloud of Deere: This day hath done inough as by our quarrie may appeare. As soone as with hir scarlet wheeles next morning bringeth light, We will about our worke againe. But now Hiperion bright Is in the middes of Heaven, and seares the fieldes with firie rayes. Take up your toyles, and cease your worke, and let us go our wayes. They did even so, and ceast their worke. There was a valley thicke With Pinaple and Cipresse trees that armed be with pricke. Gargaphie hight this shadie plot, it was a sacred place Tochast Diana and the Nymphes that wayted on hir grace.

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