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 128 kind enough to come forward, and Mr. Seagrave, printer at Chichester; Mr. H. in £50, and Mr. S. in £50; and myself am bound in £100 for my appearance at the quarter-sessions, which is after Michaelmas. So I shall have the satisfaction to see my friends in town before this contemptible business comes on. I say contemptible, for it must be manifest to everyone that the whole accusation is a wilful perjury. Thus, you see, my dear friend, that I cannot leave this place without some adventure. It has struck a consternation through all the villages round. Every man is now afraid of speaking to, or looking at, a soldier; for the peaceable villagers have always been forward in expressing their kindness for us, and they express their sorrow at our departure as soon as they hear of it. Everyone here is my evidence for peace and good neighbourhood; and yet, such is the present state of things, this foolish accusation must be tried in public. Well, I am content, I murmur not, and doubt not that I shall receive justice, and am only sorry for the trouble and expense, I have heard that my accuser is a disgraced sergeant; his name is John Scholfield. Perhaps it will be in your power to learn somewhat


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 Rh about the man. I am very ignorant of what I am requesting of you; I only suggest what I know you will be kind enough to excuse if you can learn nothing about him, and what, I as well know, if it is possible, you will be kind enough to do in this matter.

Dear Sir, this perhaps was suffered to clear up some doubts, and to give opportunity to those whom I doubted to clear themselves of all imputation. If a man offends me ignorantly, and not designedly, surely I ought to consider him with favour and affection. Perhaps the simplicity of myself is the origin of all offences committed against me. If I have found this, I shall have learned a most valuable thing, well worth three years' perseverance. I have found it. It is certain that a too passive manner, inconsistent with my active physiognomy, had done me much mischief. I must now express to you my conviction that all is come from the spiritual world for good, and not for evil.

Give me your advice in my perilous adventure. Burn what I have peevishly written about any friend. I have been very much degraded and injuriously treated; but if it all arise from my own fault, I ought to blame myself.

O why was I born with a different face?

Why was I not born like the rest of my race?

When I look, each one starts; when I speak, I offend;

Then I'm silent and passive, & lose every Friend.

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 130

Then my verse I dishonour, My pictures despise;

My person degrade, & my temper chastise;

And the pen is my terror, the pencil my shame;

All my Talents I bury, & dead is my Fame.

I am either too low or too highly priz'd;

When elate I am envy'd. When Meek I'm despis'd.

This is but too just a picture of my present state. I pray God to keep you and all men from it, and to deliver me in His own good time. Pray write to me, and tell me how you and your family enjoy health. My much-terrified wife joins me in love to you and Mrs. Butts and all your family. I again take the liberty to beg of you to cause the inclosed letter to be delivered to my brother, and remain sincerely and affectionately yours,

28.

To. ,

26th October 1803.

,—I hasten to write to you by the favour of Mr. Edwards. I have been with Mr. Sanders, who has now in his possession all Mr.


text:
Martin Relph

My grandfather says he remembers he saw, when a youngster long ago, On a bright May day, a strange old man, with a beard as white as snow, Stand on the hill outside our town like a monument of woe, And, striking his bare bald head the while, sob out the reason—so!

If I last as long as Methuselah I shall never forgive myself: But—God forgive me, that I pray, unhappy Martin Relph, As coward, coward I call him—him, yes, him! Away from me! Get you behind the man I am now, you man that I used to be!

What can have sewed my mouth up, set me a-stare, all eyes, no tongue? People have urged, "You visit a scare too hard on a lad so young! You were taken aback, poor boy," they urge, "no time to regain your wits: Besides it had maybe cost you life." Ay, there is the cap which fits!

So, cap me, the coward,—thus! No fear! A cuff on the brow does good: The feel of it hinders a worm inside which bores at the brain for food. See now, there certainly seems excuse: for a moment, I trust, dear friends, The fault was but folly, no fault of mine, or if mine, I have made amends!

For, every day that is first of May, on the hill-top, here stand I, Martin Relph, and I strike my brow, and publish the reason why, When there gathers a crowd to mock the fool. No fool, friends, since the bite Of a worm inside is worse to bear: pray God I have baulked him quite!

I'll tell you. Certainly much excuse! It came of the way they cooped Us peasantry up in a ring just here, close huddling because tight-hooped By the red-coats round us villagers all: they meant we should see the sight And take the example,—see, not speak, for speech was the Captain's right.

"You clowns on the slope, beware!" cried he: "This woman about to die Gives by her fate fair warning to such acquaintance as play the spy. Henceforth who meddle with matters of state above them perhaps will learn That peasants should stick to their plough-tail, leave to the King the King's concern.

"Here's a quarrel that sets the land on fire, between King George and his foes: What call has a man of your kind—much less, a woman—to interpose? Yet you needs must be meddling, folks like you, not foes—so much the worse! The many and loyal should keep themselves unmixed with the few perverse.

"Is the counsel hard to follow? I gave it you plainly a month ago, And where was the good? The rebels have learned just all that they need to know. Not a month since in we quietly marched: a week, and they had the news, From a list complete of our rank and file to a note of our caps and shoes.

"All about all we did, and all we were doing and like to do! Only, I catch a letter by luck, and capture who wrote it, too. Some of you men look black enough, but the milk-white face demure Betokens the finger foul with ink: 't is a woman who writes, be sure!

"Is it 'Dearie, how much I miss your mouth!'—good natural stuff, she pens? Some sprinkle of that, for a blind, of course: with talk about cocks and hens, How 'robin has built on the apple-tree, and our creeper which came to grief Through the frost, we feared, is twining afresh round casement in famous leaf.'

"But all for a blind! She soon glides frank into 'Horrid the place is grown With Officers here and Privates there, no nook we may call our own: And Farmer Giles has a tribe to house, and lodging will be to seek For the second Company sure to come ('t is whispered) on Monday week.'

"And so to the end of the chapter! There! The murder, you see, was out: Easy to guess how the change of mind in the rebels was brought about! Safe in the trap would they now lie snug, had treachery made no sign; But treachery meets a just reward, no matter if fools malign!

"That traitors had played us false, was proved—sent news which fell so pat: And the murder was out—this letter of love, the sender of this sent that! 'T is an ugly job, though, all the same—a hateful, to have to deal With a case of the kind, when a woman's in fault: we soldiers need nerves of steel!

"So, I gave her a chance, dispatched post-haste a message to Vincent Parkes Whom she wrote to; easy to find he was, since one of the King's own clerks, Ay, kept by the King's own gold in the town close by where the rebels camp: A sort of a lawyer, just the man to betray our sort—the scamp!

" 'If her writing is simple and honest and only the lover-like stuff it looks, And if you yourself are a loyalist, nor down in the rebels' books, Come quick,' said I, 'and in person prove you are each of you clear of crime, Or martial law must take its course: this day next week's the time!'

"Next week is now: does he come? Not he! Clean gone, our clerk, in a trice! He has left his sweetheart here in the lurch: no need of a warning twice! His own neck free, but his partner's fast in the noose still, here she stands To pay for her fault. 'T is an ugly job: but soldiers obey commands.

"And hearken wherefore I make a speech! Should any acquaintance share The folly that led to the fault that is now to be punished, let fools beware! Look black, if you please, but keep hands white: and, above all else, keep wives— Or sweethearts or what they may be—from ink! Not a word now, on your lives!"

Black? but the Pit's own pitch was white to the Captain's face—the brute With the bloated cheeks and the bulgy nose and the blood-shot eyes to suit! He was muddled with wine, they say: more like, he was out of his wits with fear; He had but a handful of men, that's true,—a riot might cost him dear.

And all that time stood Rosamund Page, with pinioned arms and face Bandaged about, on the turf marked out for the party's firing-place. I hope she was wholly with God: I hope 't was His angel stretched a hand To steady her so, like the shape of stone you see in our church-aisle stand.

I hope there was no vain fancy pierced the bandage to vex her eyes, No face within which she missed without, no questions and no replies— "Why did you leave me to die?"—"Because . . ." Oh, fiends, too soon you grin At merely a moment of hell, like that—such heaven as hell ended in!

Let mine end too! He gave the word, up went the guns in a line. Those heaped on the hill were blind as dumb,—for, of all eyes, only mine Looked over the heads of the foremost rank. Some fell on their knees in prayer, Some sank to the earth, but all shut eyes, with a sole exception there.

That was myself, who had stolen up last, had sidled behind the group: I am highest of all on the hill-top, there stand fixed while the others stoop From head to foot in a serpent's twine am I tightened: I touch ground? No more than a gibbet's rigid corpse which the fetters rust around!

Can I speak, can I breathe, can I burst—aught else but see, see, only see? And see I do—for there comes in sight—a man, it sure must be!— Who staggeringly, stumblingly, rises, falls, rises, at random flings his weight On and on, anyhow onward—a man that's mad he arrives too late!

Else why does he wave a something white high-flourished above his head? Why does not he call, cry,—curse the fool!—why throw up his arms instead? O take this fist in your own face, fool! Why does not yourself shout "Stay! Here's a man comes rushing, might and main, with something he's mad to say"?

And a minute, only a moment, to have hell-fire boil up in your brain, And ere you can judge things right, choose heaven,—time's over, repentance vain! They level: a volley, a smoke and the clearing of smoke: I see no more Of the man smoke hid, nor his frantic arms, nor the something white he bore.

But stretched on the field, some half-mile off, is an object. Surely dumb, Deaf, blind were we struck, that nobody heard, not one of us saw him come! Has he fainted through fright? One may well believe! What is it he holds so fast? Turn him over, examine the face! Heyday! What, Vincent Parkes at last?

Dead! dead as she, by the self-same shot: one bullet has ended both, Her in the body and him in the soul. They laugh at our plighted troth. "Till death us do part?" Till death us do join past parting—that sounds like Betrothal indeed! O Vincent Parkes, what need has my fist to strike?

I helped you: thus were you dead and wed: one bound, and your soul reached hers! There is clenched in your hand the thing, signed, sealed, the paper which plain avers She is innocent, innocent, plain as print, with the King's Arms broad engraved: No one can hear, but if anyone high on the hill can see, she's saved!

And torn his garb and bloody his lips with heart-break—plain it grew How the week's delay had been brought about: each guess at the end proved true. It was hard to get at the folks in power: such waste of time! and then Such pleading and praying, with, all the while, his lamb in the lions' den!

And at length when he wrung their pardon out, no end to the stupid forms— The license and leave: I make no doubt—what wonder if passion warms The pulse in a man if you play with his heart?—he was something hasty in speech; Anyhow, none would quicken the work: he had to beseech, beseech!

And the thing once signed, sealed, safe in his grasp,—what followed but fresh delays? For the floods were out, he was forced to take such a roundabout of ways! And 't was "Halt there!" at every turn of the road, since he had to cross the thick Of the red-coats: what did they care for him and his "Quick, for God's sake, quick!"

Horse? but he had one: had it how long? till the first knave smirked "You brag Yourself a friend of the King's? then lend to a King's friend here your nag!" Money to buy another? Why, piece by piece they plundered him still, With their "Wait you must,—no help: if aught can help you, a guinea will!"

And a borough there was—I forget the name—whose Mayor must have the bench Of Justices ranged to clear a doubt: for "Vincent," thinks he, sounds French! It well may have driven him daft, God knows! all man can certainly know Is—rushing and fallir-r and rising, at last he arrived in a horror—so!

When a word, cry, gasp, would have rescued both! Ay, bite me! The worm begins At his work once more. Had cowardice proved—that only—my sin of sins! Friends, look you here! Suppose. . . suppose. . . But mad I am, needs must be! Judas the Damned would never have dared such a sin as I dream! For, see!

Suppose I had sneakingly loved her myself, my wretched self, and dreamed In the heart of me "She were better dead than happy and his!"—while gleamed A light from hell as I spied the pair in a perfectest embrace, He the saviour and she the saved,—bliss born of the very murder-place!

No! Say I was scared, friends! Call me fool and coward, but nothing worse! Jeer at the fool and gibe at the coward! 'T was ever the coward's curse That fear breeds fancies in such: such take their shadow for substance still, —A fiend at their back. I liked poor Parkes,—loved Vincent, if you will!

And her why, I said "Good morrow" to her, "Good even," and nothing more: The neighbourly way! She was just to me as fifty had been before. So, coward it is and coward shall be! There's a friend, now! Thanks! A drink Of water I wanted: and now I can walk, get home by myself, I think.

title: Martin Relph


text:
Echetlos

Here is a story shall stir you! Stand up, Greeks dead and gone, Who breasted, beat Barbarians, stemmed Persia rolling on, Did the deed and saved the world, for the day was Marathon!

No man but did his manliest, kept rank and fought away In his tribe and file: up, back, out, down—was the spear-arm play: Like a wind-whipt branchy wood, all spear-arms a-swing that day!

But one man kept no rank, and his sole arm plied no spear, As a flashing came and went, and a form i' the van, the rear, Brightened the battle up, for he blazed now there, now here.

Nor helmed nor shielded, he! but, a goat-skin all his wear, Like a tiller of the soil, with a clown's limbs broad and bare, Went he ploughing on and on: he pushed with a ploughman's share.

Did the weak mid-line give way, as tunnies on whom the shark Precipitates his bulk? Did the right-wing halt when, stark On his heap of slain lay stretched Kallimachos Polemarch?

Did the steady phalanx falter? To the rescue, at the need, The clown was ploughing Persia, clearing Greek earth of weed, As he routed through the Sakian and rooted up the Mede.

But the deed done, battle won,—nowhere to be descried On the meadow, by the stream, at the marsh, look far and wide From the foot of the mountain, no, to the last blood-plashed seaside,—

Not anywhere on view blazed the large limbs thonged and brown, Shearing and clearing still with the share before which—down To the dust went Persia's pomp, as he ploughed for Greece, that clown!

How spake the Oracle? "Care for no name at all! Say but just this: 'We praise one helpful whom we call The Holder of the Ploughshare.' The great deed ne'er grows small."

Not the great name! Sing woe—for the great name Miltiades And its end at Paros isle! Woe for Themistokles —Satrap in Sardis court! Name not the clown like these!

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Rh his hands; and clasping a stove-pipe, necessary for the precious stove.

Some of the officers had brought out parcels containing food, while our brother, Colonel Tom Custer, had struggled with a large basket of supplies. In a short time another officer appeared at our door with a face full of anxiety about our welfare. He did not tell us what we afterwards learned from others, that, fearing the citizens would give up going to us, and knowing that he could not find the way alone over a country from which the snow had obliterated every landmark, he had started to go the whole distance on the railroad. Coming to a long bridge he found the track so covered with ice that it was a dangerous footing; the wind blew the sleet and snow in his face, almost blinding him, but nothing daunted, he crawled over on his hands and knees, and continuing to use the track as his guide, stopped when he thought he might be opposite our cabin, and ploughed his way with difficulty through the drifts.

When the officers had returned to town, we made a fire in the little stove which had been put up-stairs, as the pipe was so short. We ensconced our visitor, to whom the stove belonged, near by. He was a capital fireman; we divided our bedding with him, and put it on the floor, as close as possible to the fire. The shawl and blanket partition separated our rooms, but did not seem to deaden sound, and at night I only lost consciousness of the audible sleeping of our guest after I had dropped the point of a finger in my ear. He was the one among us who, being the oldest of our circle, and

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 Rh Romneys pictures that remained after the sale at Hampstead; I saw "Milton and his Daughters," and "Twas where the Seas were Roaring," and a beautiful Female Head. He has promised to write a list of all that he has in his possession, and of all that he remembers of Mr. Romney's paintings, with notices where they now are, so far as his recollection will serve. The picture of "Christ in the Desert" he supposes to be one of those which he has rolled on large rollers. He will take them down and unroll them, but cannot do it easily, as they are so large as to occupy the whole length of his workshop, and are laid across beams at the top.

Mr. Flaxman is now out of town. When he returns I will lose no time in setting him to work on the same object.

I have got to work after Fuseli for a little Shakespeare. Mr. Johnson, the bookseller, tells


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 132 me that there is no want of work. So far you will be rejoiced with me, and your words, Do not fear you can want employment! were verified the morning after I received your kind letter; but I go on finishing Romney with spirit, and for the relief of variety shall engage in other little works as they arise.

I called on Mr. Evans, who gives small hopes of our Ballads; he says he has sold but fifteen numbers at the most, and that going on would be a certain loss of almost all the expenses. I then proposed to him to take a part with me in publishing them on a smaller scale, which he declined, on account of its being out of his line of business to publish, and a line in which he is determined never to engage, attaching himself wholly to the sale of fine editions of authors and curious books in general. He advises that some publisher should be spoken to who would purchase the copyright: and, so far as I can judge of the nature of publication, no chance is left to one out of the trade. Thus the case stands at present: God send better times! Everybody complains, yet all go on cheerfully and with spirit. The shops in London


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28 had a varied experience, was an authority on many subjects. He had peculiar and extreme ideas on some questions. We listened out of respect, but we all drew the line at following some of his advice, and over one topic there was general revolt. He disbelieved entirely in the external or internal use of water, and living as we did in countries where the rivers were flowing mud, and the smaller streams dried up under the blazing sun, his would have been a convenient system, to say the least. Unfortunately, our prejudices in favor of cleanliness increased with the scarcity of water. Bathing became one of the luxuries as well as one of the absolute necessities of life. From being compelled to do with very little water, we had learned almost to take a bath in a thimble, and to this day I find myself pouring the water out of a pitcher in a most gingerly manner, so strong is the power of habit—even now with the generous rush of the unstinted Croton at my disposal. The theory of our venerable friend on the danger of bathing was fortified with many an earnest argument, and the advantages of his improved system of dry rubbing set out elaborately in his best rhetoric. Nevertheless, taking a bath with the palm of the hand was combated to the last by his hearers. When I had heard him arguing previously I had rather believed it to be the vagary of the hour. I had proof to the contrary the next morning after the storm, for I was awakened by a noise of vigorous friction and violent breathing, as of some one laboring diligently. I suddenly remembered the doctrine of our guest, and realized that he was putting theory into practice. As softly as I awakened my husband,

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164 small menhir, to blocking - stones. Although the stones of which they are composed are small, the rows are remarkably well preserved.

It will repay the visitor to continue his ascent of the South Teign to the Grey Wethers, two circles of stone, of which, however, many are fallen. Here exploration, such as has been conducted at Fernworthy circle, shows that the floors are deep in ashes, and this leads to the surmise that the circles were the crematories of the dead who lie in the cairns and tunnels in the neighbourhood.

Near the source of the North Teign is Teignhead House, one of the most solitary spots in England. A shepherd resides there, but it is not for many winters that a woman can endure the isolation and retain her reason.

And yet there remain the ruins of a house in a still more lonely situation. The moorman points it out as Browne's House.

Although, judging from the dilapidation and the lichened condition of the stones, one could have supposed that this edifice was of great antiquity, yet it is not so by any means. There are those still alive who remember when the chimney fell; and who had heard of both the building, the occupying, and the destruction of Browne's House. Few indeed have seen the ruin, for it is in so remote a spot that only the shepherd, the rush-cutter, and the occasional fisherman approach it.

On the Ordnance Survey, faint indications of inclosures are given on the spot, but no name is attached. Yet every moorman, if asked what these

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Rh ruins are, will tell you that it is the wreck of Browne's House.

The story told me relative to this solitary spot was that Browne, an ungainly, morose man, had a pretty young wife, of whom he was jealous. He built this place in which to live with her away from the society of men, and the danger such proximity might bring to his connubial happiness.

Grimspound will be visited from Chagford. The way to it after leaving the high-road from Post Bridge to Moreton, which it crosses, traverses Shapleigh Common, where are numerous inclosures in connection with hut circles. One of these is very large, and constructed of huge slabs of granite. Several of these larger circles were occupied only in summer, it would appear, as there are scanty traces of fire in them, whereas attached to them are small huts, the floors of which are thickly strewn with charcoal and fragments of pottery, and presumably the cooking was done in these latter.

Grimspound is an irregular circular inclosure containing four acres within the boundary wall. It is situated on the slope of a hill, and the position is obviously ill-adapted for defence, as it is commanded by higher ground on three sides. A little stream, the Grimslake, flows through the inclosure.

The wall itself is double-faced, and the two faces have fallen inwards. This shows that the core could not have been of turf, as in that case shrubs would have rooted themselves therein and have thrust the walls outward. In several places openings appear from the inside of the pound into the space between

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166 the walls. It is possible that this intermediate hollow was used for stores, and that the walls were tied together with timber, and surmounted with a parapet of turf. A trackway from Manaton to Headland Warren runs through the pound, and the wall has been broken through for this purpose in two places; but the original entrance to the S.S.E. is perfect, and is paved, and in it three steps have been formed, as the descent was into the pound, another token that the inclosure was not intended as a fortress.

The entrance is 8 feet wide, and no outwork was constructed to protect it from being "rushed" by an enemy. The walls of the inclosure here and throughout are from 10 feet to 12 feet thick, and stone does not exist in any part which could raise them above 5 feet 6 inches in height. Each wall is 3 feet 6 inches wide at base, and was 3 feet at top. On the west side is a huge slab set on edge, measuring 10 feet by 5 feet, and it is from 9 inches to 1 foot in thickness, and weighs from 3 to 4 tons. Other stones, laid in courses, if not so long, are not of less weight. Such a wall as that inclosing Grimspound would cost, with modern appliances and with horse power for drawing the stone, three guineas per land yard, and a land yard would engage four men for a week.

When, moreover, we consider that the circumference of the wall measures over 1,500 feet, it becomes obvious that a large body of men must have been engaged in the erection.

Presumably Grimspound was not a fortified village,

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168 and was merely a pound into which cattle were driven for protection against wolves. It is just possible, but hardly probable, that it was the place of refuge for the scattered population on Hookner and Hamildon.

Within the pound are twenty-four hut circles; most have been explored, and one (No. III. on the plan) has been partially restored, and is inclosed within a railing. The object of this restoration was to discover, by piling up the stones found in and about the wall of the hut, what its height had been originally, and this was determined to have been four feet.

Unless wantonly injured by trippers, it will serve to exhibit what the structure of these habitations was, with its paved platform as bed, and its hearth and vestibule.

A double hut (XVIII., XIX.) is interesting because a tall stone was erected beside it, as though to indicate it as being the residence of some man of importance, maybe the sheik of the community. In hut XVI. is a double bed, one couch divided from the other by upright stones.

In several of the huts, in the floor, are laid flat stones with a smooth surface, and it was supposed that these served as chopping-stones, but further explorations have led to the belief that they were employed to sustain a central pole that upheld the roof.

On the col above Grimspound, near the source of Grimslake, is a cairn that contains a small kistvaen, and is surrounded by a circle of stones set upright.

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170 Numerous cairns crown the heights. One immense tumulus, King's Barrow, has at some unknown time been excavated with great labour.

The great central trackway crosses Hamildon, and is very perfect where it does so. It had apparently no connection whatever with Grimspound.

From Grimspound may be seen, on the brow of the ridge connecting Birch Tor and Challacombe Down, a series of stone rows. They lead to a blocking-stone, or menhir, at the south extremity. The northern end has been destroyed by tin- streamers, whose works in Chaw Gully are interesting, for mining has been combined with streaming. The rock has been cut through, but no signs of the use of iron wedges for splitting the granite can here be discovered. It is traditionally told that what was done was to cut a groove in the granite, fill that with quicklime, and pour water on it. The lime in swelling split the rock. Ravens nest here; and I have seen rock doves and the pair of ravens nesting almost side by side.

Below is the Webburn, the stream turned up by tinners. There one mine continues in activity—the "Golden Dagger." Above is Vitifer, where fortunes have been made—and lost; mostly the latter by investors, mainly the former by the "captains" and promoters.

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text: Portal talk:Australian poetry

title: Portal talk:Australian poetry


text: Portal talk:Australian literature

title: Portal talk:Australian literature


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text: Poems (Coates 1916)/Volume I/Shakespeare


text: Poems (Coates 1916)/Volume I/Man, That Will Not Be Beguiled


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30 CHAPTER III.

WESTERN HOSPITALITY.

citizens of Yankton, endeavoring to make up for the inhospitable reception the weather had given us, vied with one another in trying to make the regiment welcome. The hotel was filled with the families of the officers, and after the duties of the day were over in camp, the married men went into town. We were called upon, asked to dine, and finally tendered a ball. It was given in the public hall of the town, which, being decorated with flags and ornamented with all the military paraphernalia that could be used effectively, was really very attractive. We had left gas far behind us, and we had not the mellow, becoming light of wax-candles, but those Western people were generous about lamps, as they are about everything else, and the hall was very bright.

The ladies had many trials in endeavoring to make themselves presentable. We burrowed in the depths of trunks for those bits of finery that we had supposed would not be needed again for years. We knew the officers would do us credit. Through all the sudden changes of fashion, which leave an army lady when she goes into the territories quite an antediluvian in toilet after a few months, the officer can be entirely serene.

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 Colony was due to the fact that the constables themselves were not to be trusted.

The Police Regulations published on the 1st of January, 1811, were of an exceedingly stringent character, but not more so than the turbulent and peculiar population of Sydney required. Lord Bathurst approved them but took exception to one clause. His objection was that "it gave power to a single magistrate to inflict corporal punishment on free men as well as on convicts." Macquarie denied that it did so, adding "No free man is ever corporally punished by the sentence of the superintendent of police or any single magistrate. Free men, whatever their offence may be, are always brought before and tried by a Bench of Magistrates whose sentences must be approved by me before they are carried into execution." The line between the man who had been and the man who ought to have been transported was sometimes hard to draw. Governor King and Macquarie each failed to do so on one occasion at least.

Some important clauses of the Regulations were very imperfectly carried out. The registration of the places of abode of all persons, free and convicts alike, at the superintendent's office at Sydney and at the magistrate's office in the other districts was difficult to enforce and allowed to fall into neglect. The regulation would have required free men to submit themselves to the inquiries of convict police officers. The chief constables too were, for the most part, too illiterate to carry out the work. Wentworth substituted a census taken by his assistant which was altered from time to time as occasion arose. It was very difficult also to trace the movements of the convicts from one master to another, a difficulty which was increased by the fact that the escape of Government or settlers' servants was made known not to the police but to the superintendent of convicts, who inserted a notice in the Gazette but made no other communication of the fact.

The revenue of the Colony rested on a remarkably insecure basis. In his evidence before the Committee on Transportation,


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46 not allowing sufficient mortar to be used; or too thin, and requiring too much mortar.

Perhaps one of the most effectual means that could be adopted, in the first instance, to remedy this unsatisfactory state of things, would be for the Government to supply corporate bodies with proper standards of length—such as the inch, the foot, and the yard. The corporate bodies themselves might then have their own standards of size, founded on these, and made to suit the particular wants of the different trades in the locality. The only standard of length at present supplied by the Government and kept by the corporate bodies is the standard yard; but there is so little attention paid to accuracy, that to the engineer and machinist it is not of the slightest use, and is only employed to adjust yard sticks for measuring woven goods.

There is also another subject which bears upon this question, and which has lately been before the Legislature—that of decimalising weights and measures. There can be no doubt of the beneficial results that would follow the passing of such a measure. There may be a difference of opinion as to what the unit or integer of lineal measure should be; but I think that it should be the inch, for, from the accuracy with which we can now measure that length, there would be no difficulty in determining and fixing


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Rh the length of its multiples. The most important divisions of length in mechanism are those of parts of an inch, and if the length of the inch were altered it would cause much confusion. Small accurate standards of length, of the decimal parts of an inch, would be of much service to some trades. There is now no standard of appeal; and the different wire and other gauges differ so considerably, that the manufacturer, in the case of small wire and sheets of metal, has to send a sample of what he wants, there being no means of correctly expressing its size.

Although I have said so much to you with reference to the desirableness of further improvement and greater perfection in the mechanical arts, I congratulate you on the success which in our time they have attained, and the high consideration in which they are held. Inventors are not now persecuted, as formerly, by those who fancy that their inventions and discoveries are prejudicial to the general interests, and calculated to deprive labour of its fair reward. Some of us are old enough to remember the hostility manifested to the working of the power-loom, the self-acting mule, the machinery for shearing woollen cloth, the thrashing machine, and many others. Now, the introduction of the reaping and mowing machine, and other improved


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 BROOKE, JAMES (1803–1868), rájá of Saráwak, second son of Thomas Brooke, of the Bengal civil service, was born at Benares, and was educated at the grammar school at Norwich, under Mr. Edward Valpy, a brother of the famous Dr. Valpy of Reading. During Brooke's school days Dr. Samuel Parr, who at one time had been the headmaster, was a frequent visitor at the school. 'Old Crome' was the drawing master, while Sir Archdale Wilson, the captor of Delhi in 1857, and George Borrow were among Brooke's schoolfellows. He was a boy of marked generosity, truthfulness, and daring. On one occasion he saved the life of a school-fellow who had fallen into the river Wensum. He ended his school life somewhat abruptly by running away, and at the age of sixteen was appointed a cadet of infantry in Bengal. After serving for three years with a native infantry regiment, he was appointed to the commissariat; and on the outbreak of the first war with Burma, he formed and drilled a body of native volunteer cavalry, which he commanded in an action at Rangpur in Assam, receiving on that occasion a wound in the lungs, which led to his being invalided home with a wound pension of 70l. a year. After an absence of upwards of four years he returned to India; but being unable, owing to an unusually long voyage, to reach Bengal within the prescribed period of five years, he resigned the East India Company's service in 1830, returning to England in the ship in which he had gone out, and visiting, in the course of his voyage, the Straits settlements of Penang, Malacca, and Singapore, China, and Sumatra. During this voyage he seems to have formed the projects which determined his subsequent career. Returning to Bath, where his family resided, in the latter part of 1831, he remained in England until 1834, when he purchased a small brig, and made a voyage to China. In the following year his father died, and Brooke, having inherited a fortune of 30,000l., purchased a schooner of 142 tons, in which, after a trip to the Mediterranean, he sailed on 16 Dec. 1838 for Borneo.

Brooke's motives in undertaking this voyage appear to have been partly love of adventure, and largely the desire to introduce commerce, as well as British ascendency, into Borneo. A memorandum which he wrote upon the subject before starting upon the expedition will be found in a compilation of his private letters, edited by a friend. After a short halt at Singapore, Brooke proceeded in his yacht to Saráwak, on the north-west coast of Borneo, landing at Kuching, the chief town, on 15 Aug. 1839. Saráwak—a tract of country measuring at that time about sixty miles in length by fifty in breadth, but since considerably enlarged by territorial additions made during the lifetime of Brooke—was then subject to the Malay sultan of Brunei, the nominal ruler of the whole of the island, except a part in the south, which had come into the possession of the Dutch. At the time of Brooke's arrival a rebellion was in progress, induced by the tyranny of the officials of the sultan, who had recently deputed his uncle, Muda Hassim, to assume the government and to restore order. Brooke was courteously received by Muda Hassim. His first visit was short; but he seems to have then laid the foundations of the influence which he subsequently acquired over the inhabitants, including the Malay governor, Muda Hassim. On this occasion he surveyed 150 miles of coast, visited many of the rivers, and established a friendly intercourse with the Malay tribes on the coast, spending ten days among a tribe of Dayáks, the aboriginal inhabitants of the island. In the latter part of the same year he visited the island of Celebes. He there astonished the inhabitants, the Bujis—a race much addicted to field sports—by his horsemanship and skill in shooting.

Revisiting Saráwak in the autumn of 1840, Brooke took an active part in the suppression of the rebellion, which was still going on, impressing the natives by his gallantry and readiness of resource, and so entirely gaining the confidence of Muda Hassim that the latter voluntarily offered him the government of the country, which he assumed on 24 Sept. 1841. In July of the following year he repaired to Brunei, and obtained from the sultan the confirmation of his appointment as rájá of Saráwak, in which office he was formally installed at Kuching on 18 Aug. 1842. Sir Spenser St. John's 'Life of Brooke' gives a graphic account of the installation, which very nearly became a scene of bloodshed, owing to the excitement of some of the followers of the late rájá, and their animosity towards a chief named Makota, whose tyranny had done much to bring about the rebellion, and who had obstructed Brooke in his efforts to reduce the country to order, and to improve the administration (, Life of Sir James Brooke, 1879, p. 70).

Brooke's administrative reforms were very simple, but thoroughly well suited to the people. One of the causes of the rebellion had been a system of forced trade, under which the inhabitants were compelled to buy at a fixed, and often an exorbitant, price, commodities sold to them by the chiefs. In default of payment their sons and daughters,


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 and often their parents as well, were carried off as slaves. Brooke substituted for the forced trade a simple system of taxation in kind, and did what he could to abolish interference with the personal liberty of the people. He administered justice himself, with the aid of some of the chief persons of the country; his court, which was a long room in his own house, being essentially an open one, while he was accessible to any one who wished to see him at nearly all hours of the day. By the Dayáks he was speedily regarded with sentiments of reverence and affection. Their favourite saying was: 'The son of Europe is the friend of the Dayák.' In the earlier years of his residence at Saráwak Brooke was almost alone. His followers were a coloured interpreter from Malacca, useful, but not very trustworthy; a servant who could neither read nor write; a shipwrecked Irishman, brave, but not otherwise useful; and a doctor who never learnt the language of the country.

The suppression of piracy in the Malayan Archipelago does not appear to have been among Brooke's first objects, but it formed one of the main achievements of his useful life. In Borneo piracy had been the common pursuit of the tribes along the coast from time immemorial. It was resorted to in Borneo, not only for purposes of plunder, but for the possession of human heads, for which there was a passion among the Dayáks and among many of the tribes in the archipelago. Brooke had become aware of the practice at an early period of his residence in Saráwak, and had done what he could to impress the chief people of the country with its enormity; but it was not until 1843 that he was in a position to take an active part in its suppression. Early in that year he made the acquaintance, at Singapore, of Captain the Hon. Henry Keppel (now (1886) Admiral the Hon. Sir Henry Keppel, G.C.B.), then commanding H.M.S. Dido, with whom he speedily contracted a mutual and lasting friendship. Returning to Saráwak in the Dido, in company with Keppel, he joined in an expedition against the most formidable of the piratical hordes, the Malays and Dayáks of the Seribas river, taking with him as a contingent a number of war-boats manned by natives of Saráwak. The expedition was extremely successful. The pirates were attacked in their strongholds on the banks of the river by the boats of the Dido and the Saráwak war-boats, and compelled to undertake to abandon piracy. In the following year he was again associated with Keppel in an attack upon the pirates of the Sakarran river, which, though inflicting heavy loss upon the pirates, was attended with severe fighting and some loss to the assailants. Captain Sir Edward Belcher, Captain Rodney Mundy, Captain Grey, and Captain Farquhar were all at different times employed in conjunction with Brooke in operations against the pirates. The last of these operations, which took place in 1849, and dealt a crushing blow to piracy in that part of the Bornean seas, was made the ground of a series of charges of cruel and illegal conduct, preferred against Brooke in the House of Commons by Mr. Hume, and supported by Mr. Cobden, and in some degree by Mr. Gladstone, who, while eulogising Brooke's character, voted for an inquiry into the charges, on the ground that the work of destruction had been promiscuous, and to some extent illegal. The motion for inquiry was discountenanced by the government of the day, that of Lord John Russell, and was rejected by a large majority of the house, Lord Palmerston declaring that Brooke 'retired from the investigation with untarnished character and unblemished honour.' The attacks, however, being continued, the government of Lord Aberdeen subsequently granted a commission of inquiry, which sat at Singapore, but failed to establish any of the charges of inhumanity or illegality which had been made against Brooke.

In 1847 Brooke revisited England, where he met with a most gratifying reception. He was invited by the queen to Windsor, and was treated with great consideration by the leading statesmen of the day, as well as by various public bodies. London conferred upon him the freedom of the city, and Oxford the honorary degree of D.C.L. In connection with his visit to Windsor, it is related that the queen, having inquired how he found it so easy to manage so many thousands of wild Borneans, Brooke replied: 'I find it easier to govern thirty thousand Malays and Dayáks than to manage a dozen of your majesty's subjects.' On his return to Borneo he was appointed British commissioner and consul-general in that island, as well as governor of Labuan, which the sultan of Brunei had ceded to the British crown. He was also created a K.C.B.

The commission of inquiry not only caused Brooke very great annoyance, but for a time introduced some embarrassment into his relations with the natives under his rule, who not unnaturally conceived the impression that he had forfeited the favour of his own government. The incident is also generally regarded as having, in combination with other circumstances, had some connection with a very serious outbreak on the part of the Chinese immigrants into Saráwak, in which


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 Narrative of a Voyage to India; with some Account of a Residence at the Colony at Swan River. By Jane Roberts.

Geographical Memoirs of New South Wales. By various Hands. Edited by Barron Field, F.L.S. John Murray, Albemarle-street.

Journals ef several Expeditions made in Western Australia during the Years 1829, 1830, 1831, and 1832. London. Hints on Emigration to the new Settlement on the Swan and Canning Rivers, near the West Coast of Australia.

Notes on the Present State and Prospects of Society in New South Wales; with an Historical, Statistical, and Topographical Account of Manilla and Singapore.

An Account of the State of the Colony of New South Wales, in December, 1830. By G. S. Hall. London: Cross, Holborn.

Hints on Emigration to the Colonies of New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land.

The History of New South Wales, including Botany Bay, Port Jackson, Parramatta, Sydney, and all its Dependencies; and an Account of the English Colony from its Foundation to the Present Time. By George Barrington. London :Sherwood, Neely, and Jones.

A Voyage to Terra Australis, undertaken for the purpose of completing the Discovery of that vast Country, in the Years 1801, 1802, and 1803, in his Majesty's ship the Investigator. By Matthew Flinders. G. and W. Nicoll, Pall Mall.


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 Brooke narrowly escaped being murdered. This outbreak occurred in 1857, when the Chinese, having formed a plot to kill Brooke and the other Englishmen serving under him, attacked the government house and other English residences, and murdered several of the English. Brooke escaped in the darkness by jumping into the river, diving under the bow of a Chinese barge, and swimming to the other side. After having occupied the capital for a few days, and destroyed a good deal of property, including the rájá's house and his valuable library, the Chinese retired, followed by a large body of Malays and Dayáks, who stood by their rájá, and, intercepting the Chinese in their retreat, destroyed a considerable number of them. The attitude of the Malays and Dayáks on this occasion furnished a signal proof of the affection and confidence with which Brooke had inspired the great majority of his native subjects.

Brooke finally left Saráwak in 1863. Shortly after his return to England a wish long cherished by him, that the British government should recognise his territory as an independent state, was gratified, and a consul was appointed to represent British interests. He died at Burrator in Devonshire in 1868, at the age of sixty-five, after a series of paralytic attacks, brought on doubtless by the fatigues and exposure of a laborious and adventurous life, spent, the greater part of it, in a tropical climate. He was succeeded as rájá by his nephew, Mr. Charles Johnson, who had previously assumed the name of Brooke, and under whose firm but benevolent government, based upon the principles introduced by his illustrious relative, Saráwak, now comprising a territory of 28,000 square miles and a population of a quarter of a million, is a flourishing settlement. Trade has expanded, agriculture is advancing, piracy and head-hunting have been rooted out, education is in demand, and, as a result of the efforts of Christian missionaries, Saráwak now numbers nearly three thousand native Christians. When this state of things is compared with that which existed on the north coast of Borneo less than half a century ago, it will readily be admitted that among the benefactors of humanity a high place must be accorded to Sir James Brooke.

 BROOKE, JOHN (d. 1582), translator, son of John Brooke, was a native of Ashnext-Sandwich and owner of Brooke House in that village. Though appointed scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge, by the foundation charter of 1546, he did not proceed B.A. until 1553-4. He married Magdalen Stoddard of Mottingham. He died in 1582, leaving no children, and was buried in Ash church. His works are:
 * 1) 'The Staffe of Christian Faith. … Translated out of French into English by John Brooke, of Ashe-next-Sandwiche,' 1577.
 * 2) 'John Gardener, his confession of the Christian Faith. Translated out of French by John Brooke,' 1578, 1583.
 * 3) 'A Christian Discourse … presented to the Prince of Conde. Translated by J. B.,' 1578.
 * 4) 'The Christian Disputations, by Master Peter Viret, dedicated to Edmund, Abp. of Canterbury. Translated out of French … by J. B. of Ashe,' 1579.
 * 5) 'Of Two Wonderful Popish Monsters, to wyt, Of a Popish Asse which was found in Rome in the riuer Tyber (1496), and of a Moonkish Calfe, calued at Friberge in Misne (1528). … Witnessed and declared, the one by P. Melancthon, the other by M. Luther. Translated out of French … by John Brooke of Assh. … With two cuts of the Monsters,' 1579.
 * 6) 'A Faithful and Familiar Exposition upon the Prayer of our Lorde. … Written in French dialogue wise, by Peter Viret, and translated into English by John Brooke. Dedicated to Syr Roger Manwood, knight, and Lorde Chiefe Baron of the Queene's Maiesties Excheker,' 1582.

 BROOKE, JOHN CHARLES (1748–1794), Somerset herald, second son of William Brooke, M.D., and Alice, eldest daughter and coheiress of William Mawhood of Doncaster, was born at Fieldhead, in the parish of Silkstone, near Sheffield, in 1748. He was sent to the metropolis to be apprenticed to a chemist in Holborn, but he had already acquired a taste for genealogical research, and having drawn up a pedigree of the Howard family which attracted the favourable notice of the Duke of Norfolk, he thus obtained an entrance into the College of Arms. He was appointed Rouge Croix pursuivant in 1773, and was promoted to the office of Somerset herald in 1777. Two years previouslv in 1775, he had been elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. Brooke was secretary


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 An Account of the Colony of Van Diemen's Land, principally intended for the use of persons residing in India. Calcutta, 1830.

The Journal of a Voyage from Calcutta to Van Diemen's Land, comprising a Description of that Colony during a Six Months' Residence. From original Letters selected by Mrs. Augustus Prinsep. London: Smith, Elder, and Co., Cornhill.

Extracts from the Letters and Journals of George Fletcher Moore, Esq., now filling a judicial office at the Swan River Settlement. Edited by Martin Doyle. Orr and Smith, Amen Corner.

The Voyage of Governor Phillip to Botany Bay, with an Account of the Establishment of the Colonies of Port Jackson and Norfolk Island. London: printed for John Stockdale, Piccadilly.

An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales, with Remarks on the Disposition, Customs, Manners, &c., of the Native Inhabitants of that Country; to which are added some particulars of New Zealand. By David Collins, Esq. London: printed by Cadell and Davies.

Narrative of a Survey of the Intertropical and Western Coasts of Australia, performed between the years 1818 and 1822 by Captain Philip P. King, R.N. John Murray, Albemarle-street.

A Voyage for the Discovery of Southern Lands. By M. Peron. Translated from the French.

Two Expeditions into the Interior of Southern Australia during the Years 1828, 1829, 1830, and 1831; with Observations on the Soil, Climate, and General Resources of New South Wales. By Captain Charles Sturt.

A Picture of Australia.

An Account of the Colony of Western Australia. By— Powell.

Evans's Account of the Colony of Van Diemen's Land.

An Account of the Colony of Van Diemen's Land, with Directions for Emigrants. By Edmund Curr.


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48 machinery, is not opposed. Indeed, it must be obvious to reflecting minds that the increased luxuries and comforts which all, more or less, enjoy are derived from the numerous recent mechanical appliances and the production of our manufactories. That of our cotton has increased during the last few years in a wonderful degree. In 1824, a gentleman with whom I am acquainted sold on one occasion one hundred thousand pieces of 74 reed printing cloth at 30s. 6d. per piece of 29 yards long; the same description of cloth he sold last week at 3s. 9d. One of the most striking instances I know of the vast superiority of machinery over simple instruments used by the hand is in the manufacture of lace, where one man with a machine does the work of 8,000 lacemakers on the cushion. In spinning fine numbers of yarn, a workman on a self-acting mule will do the work of 3,000 hand-spinners with the distaff and spindle; and there are other striking facts of a similar kind mentioned in my Report on the New York Industrial Exhibition.

Comparatively few persons, perhaps, are aware of the increase of production during our lifetime. Thirty years ago, the cost of labour for making a surface of cast iron true, by chipping and filing by the hand, was 12s. per square foot; the same work is now done by the planing machine


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Two Years in New South Wales, in a Series of Letters. By P. Cunningham.

An Account of the State of Agriculture in New South Wales; with other Information for those about to emigrate to that Colony. By James Atkinson.

A Letter from Sydney, the chief Town of Australasia; together with the Outline of a System of Colonization. Edited by Robert Gouger.

Sketch of the History of Van Diemen's Land, illustrated by a Map of the Island; and an Account of the Van Diemen's Land Company. By James Bischoff, Esq.

The present State of Australia, its prospects in reference to Emigration, and an Account of its aboriginal Inhabitants. By Robert Dawson.

A Statistical Account of the British Settlements in Australasia, including the Colonies of New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land; with an Enumeration as well with reference to each other as to the United States and the Canadas, and Directions and Advice to Emigrants. By W. C. Wentworth, Esq.

An Historical and Statistical Account of New South Wales, both as a Penal Settlement and as a British Colony. By John Dunmore Lang, D.D.

Journey of Discovery to Port Philip, New South Wales, by Messrs. W. H. Hovell and Hamilton Hume, in 1824 and 1825.

Authentic Information relative to New South Wales and New Zealand. By James Bayley, Esq. London: published by Joseph Cross, Lower Holborn.


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Rh at a cost for labour of less than 1d. per square foot, and this, as you know, is one of the most important operations in mechanics. It is therefore well adapted to illustrate what our progress has been. At the same time that this increased production is taking place, the fixed capital of the country is, as a necessary consequence, augmented; for, in the case I have mentioned of chipping and filing by the hand, when the cost of labour was 12s. per foot, the capital required for tools for one workman was only a few shillings; but now the labour being lowered to 1d. per foot, a capital in planing machines for the workmen is required, which often amounts to £500, and in some cases more. This large outlay of capital, invested in machinery to increase production, makes it very difficult to curtail the hours of working machinery, as much as could be desired. In some cases two sets of work-people have been employed in relays, each working eight hours a day; and this system perhaps may in time be extended, although it is attended with certain inconveniences. If, however, the relay system could be so improved and organised as to allow more time for the better education of young operatives, none would more cordially rejoice than myself. I believe that the science of mechanics, though a mere material power in itself, may, if rightly used, become a Rh


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252 which labourers may make for a short term of service, will be maintained. The means of securing all this, is a proper price for public lands.

 * By order of the commissioners,
 * ROWLAND HILL, Secretary.

61, Lincoln's Inn Fields,

June, 1835.

 * Copies of the act of parliament, and further information as to the plan of the intended colony, may be obtained at the office of the commission, 61, Lincoln's Inn Fields, where persons desirous of purchasing land are requested to apply, and where a register of such applications will be immediately opened, and continued in the order of application.

The commissioners recommend all who contemplate emigration to the proposed colony, to examine for themselves the evidence as to soil, climate, &c. This evidence was collected under the direction of the late South Australian Association, and may be found condensed in a work entitled "The New British Province of South Australia; or a Description of the Country, illustrated by Charts and Views, and an account of the principles, Objects, Plan, and Prospects of the colony."

—Knight, London, Price 2s. 6d.


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 to the earl marshal, and, also through the patronage of the Duke of Norfolk, a lieutenant in the militia of the West Riding of Yorkshire. With Benjamin Pingo, York herald, and fourteen other persons, he was crushed to death on 3 Feb. 1794, in attempting to get into the pit of the Haymarket Theatre. His body was interred in the church of St. Benet, Paul's Wharf, where a monumental tablet was erected to his memory, with an epitaph composed by Edmund Lodge, afterwards Clarenceux king-at-arms.

Brooke made voluminous manuscript collections, chiefly relating to Yorkshire. His father had inherited the manuscripts of his great-uncle, the Rev. John Brooke, rector of High Hoyland in Yorkshire, which had been formed as a foundation for the topography of that county. These came into the hands of John Charles Brooke, who greatly enlarged them by means of his own researches, and by copying the manuscripts of Jenyngs and Tilleyson. A catalogue of these collections will be found in Gough's 'British Topography,' ii. 397, 401, 402. Brooke's contributions to the 'Archæologia' are enumerated in Nichols's 'Illustrations of Literature,' vi. 355. He was a contributor also to the 'Gentleman's Magazine,' and the principal authors of his day in genealogy and topography acknowledge their obligations to him. Besides a history of Yorkshire, he contemplated a new edition of Sandford's 'Genealogical History of the Kings of England,' a baronage after Dugdale's method, and a history of all tenants in capite to accompany Domesday. He bequeathed his manuscripts to the College of Arms, but a small collection of Yorkshire pedigrees by him is preserved in the British Museum (Addit. MS. 21184). Many of his letters on antiquarian subjects are printed in Nichols's 'Illustrations of Literature.'

A portrait of Brooke, engraved by T. Milton from a painting by T. Maynard, forms the frontispiece to Noble's 'History of the College of Arms.'

BROOKE, RALPH (1553-1625), herald, describes himself (MS. penes Coll. Arm.) as the son of Geoffrey Brooke (by his wife, Jane Hyde) and grandson of William Brooke of Lancashire, who was a cadet of the family of Brooke seated at Norton in Cheshire. But the entry of his admission into Merchant Taylors' School, on 3 July 1564, simply records the fact that his father was Geoffrey, and a shoemaker (Registers of M.T.S. i. 6). In 1576 he was made free of the Painter Stainers' Company, and four years afterwards was appointed Rouge Croix pursuivant in the College of Arms. In March 1593 he became York herald, but attained to no higher rank. That he was an accurate and painstaking genealogist there can be no doubt ; it seems equally clear that he was of a grasping and jealous nature, and much disliked by his fellow-officers in the Heralds' College. In 1597 Camden, who was not a professional herald, was made Clarenceux king-at-arms in recognition of his great learning. Brooke took umbrage at his intrusion into the college, and published, without date or printer's name, what he termed 'A Discoverie of certaine Errours published in print in the much-commended Britannia 1594, very prejudicial to the Discentes and Successions of the auncient Nobilitie of this Realme.' To this Camden replied ; and Vincent, who had the college with him, sided with Camden and exposed certain mistakes into which Brooke himself had fallen. The controversy was long and acrimonious, the only good result being that, through the researches of Brooke, Camden, and Vincent, the genealogies of the nobility were closely investigated, and the first attempt at a printed peerage was made. Brooke died 15 Oct. 1625, aged 73, and was buried in the church of Reculver, Kent. His quaint monument, whereon he is depicted in his tabard dress, has been often engraved, but it has unhappily disappeared from the newly built church. In addition to the work already mentioned, Brooke wrote 'A Second Discovery of Errors,' which was published from the manuscript by Anstis in 1723 ; and two editions (1619 and 1622) of 'A Catalogue and Succession of the Kings, Princes, Dukes, Marquisses, Earles, and Viscounts of the Realme of England since the Norman Conquest to this present yeare 1619. Together with their Armes, Wives and Children, the times of their deaths and burials, with any other memorable actions, collected by Raphe Brooke, Esquire, Yorke Herauld, Discouering and Reforming many errors committed by men of other Professions and lately published in Print to the great wronging of the Nobility and prejudice of his Majestie's Officers and Armes, who are onely appointed and sworne to deale faithfully in these causes,' printed by Jaggard.

[Dallaway's Heraldry, 1793, pp. 226-239 ; Noble's College of Arms ; Nichols's Herald and Genealogist, ii. ; for a full account of Brooke's quarrel with Vincent and Camden see Sir H. Nicolas's Life of Augustine Vincent (1827).]


text: Poems (Coates 1916)/Volume I/October

title: Poems (Coates 1916)/Volume I/October


text: Poems (Coates 1916)/Volume I/The Poet

title: Poems (Coates 1916)/Volume I/The Poet


text: Poems (Coates 1916)/Volume I/Song : "For Me the Jasmine Buds Unfold"


text: Poems (Coates 1916)/Volume I/Motherless

title: Poems (Coates 1916)/Volume I/Motherless


text: Poems (Coates 1916)/Volume I/Courage

title: Poems (Coates 1916)/Volume I/Courage


text: Poems (Coates 1916)/Volume I/Memoria

title: Poems (Coates 1916)/Volume I/Memoria


text: Poems (Coates 1916)/Volume I/Rejected

title: Poems (Coates 1916)/Volume I/Rejected