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450 As the only account of the journey from New York to St. Louis which can now be found is contained in a letter to my uncle Mr. James Hall, dated St. Louis, March 29, 1843, the following extract is given:—

"The weather has been bad ever since we left Baltimore. There we encountered a snow-storm that accompanied us all the way to this very spot, and at this moment the country is whitened with this precious, semi-congealed, heavenly dew. As to ice!—I wish it were all in your icehouse when summer does come, should summer show her bright features in the year of our Lord 1843. We first encountered ice at Wheeling, and it has floated down the Ohio all around us, as well as up the Mississippi to pleasant St. Louis. And such a steamer as we have come in from Louisville here!—the very filthiest of all filthy old rat-traps I ever travelled in; and the fare worse, certainly much worse, and so scanty withal that our worthy commander could not have given us another meal had we been detained a night longer. I wrote a famous long letter to my Lucy on the subject, and as I know you will hear it, will not repeat the account of our situation on board the 'Gallant'—a pretty name, too, but alas! her name, like mine, is only a shadow, for as she struck a sawyer one night we all ran like mad to make ready to leap overboard; but as God would have it, our lives and the 'Gallant,' were spared—she from sinking, and we from swimming amid rolling and crashing hard ice. screamed, the babies squalled, the dogs yelled, the steam roared, the captain (who, by the way, is a very gallant

title: Page:Audubon and His Journals.djvu/506


text:
Page:Audubon and His Journals.djvu/507

Rh man) swore—not like an angel, but like the very devil—and all was confusion and uproar, just as if Miller's prophecy had actually been nigh. Luckily, we had had our supper, as the thing was called on board the 'Gallant,' and every man appeared to feel resolute, if not resolved to die.

"I would have given much at that moment for a picture of the whole. Our compagnons de voyage, about one hundred and fifty, were composed of Buckeyes, Wolverines, Suckers, Hoosiers, and gamblers, with drunkards of each and every denomination, their ladies and babies of the same nature, and specifically the dirtiest of the dirty. We had to dip the water for washing from the river in tin basins, soap ourselves all from the same cake, and wipe the one hundred and fifty with the same solitary one towel rolling over a pin, until it would have been difficult to say, even with your keen eyes, whether it was manufactured of hemp, tow, flax, or cotton. My bed had two sheets, of course, measuring seven-eighths of a yard wide; my pillow was filled with corn-shucks. Harris fared even worse than I, and our 'state-room' was evidently better fitted for the smoking of hams than the smoking of Christians. When it rained outside, it rained also within, and on one particular morning, when the snow melted on the upper deck, or roof, it was a lively scene to see each person seeking for a spot free from the many spouts overhead. "We are at the Glasgow Hotel, and will leave it the day after to-morrow, as it is too good for our purses. We intended to have gone twenty miles in Illinois to Edwardsville, but have changed our plans, and will go northwest sixteen miles to Florissant, where we are assured game is plenty, and the living quite cheap. We do not expect to leave this till the 20th or 22d of April, and should you feel

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Page:Audubon and His Journals.djvu/507


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Edwards, John (1637-1716)


text:
User talk:41.236.174.70

A contribution from this account or ip address, which appeared to be a test edit, was removed or reverted. Please use the sandbox for this purpose. The community portal has information on contributing to this library.

title: User talk:41.236.174.70


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User:Klyman

My name is Kelly Lyman and I am working on the 2010-2011 fundraising team for the Wikimedia Foundation. This account is used for official edits while officially employed by the Wikimedia Foundation.

Meta user name: Klyman

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title: User:Klyman


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gunthorpe, John


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gunton, Simon


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gurdon, Adam de


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gurdon, Brampton


text:
Page:Audubon and His Journals.djvu/508

452 inclined to write to me, do so by return of mail, if possible, and I may get your letter before I leave this for the Yellowstone. "The markets here abound with all the good things of the land, and of nature's creation. To give you an idea of this, read the following items: Grouse, two for a York shilling; three chickens for the same; Turkeys, wild or tame, 25 cents; flour $2.00 a barrel; butter, sixpence for the best—fresh, and really good. Beef, 3 to 4 cents; veal, the same; pork, 2 cents; venison hams, large and dried, 15 cents each; potatoes, 10 cents a bushel; Ducks, three for a shilling; Wild Geese, 10 cents each; Canvas-back Ducks, a shilling a pair; vegetables for the asking, as it were; and only think, in the midst of this abundance and cheapness, we are paying at the rate of $9.00 per week at our hotel, the Glasgow, and at the Planters we were asked $10.00. "I have been extremely kindly received and treated by Mr. Chouteau and partners. Mr. Sire, the gentleman who will command the steamer we go in, is one of the finest-looking men I have seen for many a day, and the accounts I hear of him correspond with his noble face and general appearance."

title: Page:Audubon and His Journals.djvu/508


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gurdon, John


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gurdon, Thornhagh


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gurnall, William


text:
Author:Johann Joseph Görres

Works

 * Athanasius (1838)

Works about Görres

 * "Athanasius, by Joseph Görres" in The Dublin Review Vol. 9 (1840)
 * "Joseph Görres" in The Catholic World Vol. 6 (1868)
 * "Life and Writings of Görres" in The Rambler (1848)
 * Gonzaga, Mary. The Mysticism of Johann Joseph von Görres as a Reaction against Rationalism (1920)
 * Robertson, James Burton. "The Life and Writings of Görres" in The Dublin Review Vol. 6 (1839)
 * Gonzaga, Mary. The Mysticism of Johann Joseph von Görres as a Reaction against Rationalism (1920)
 * Robertson, James Burton. "The Life and Writings of Görres" in The Dublin Review Vol. 6 (1839)

title: Author:Johann Joseph Görres


text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Perkins, Elisha


text:
Page:Audubon and His Journals.djvu/509

LEFT home at ten o'clock of the morning, on Saturday the 11th of March, 1843, accompanied by my son Victor. I left all well, and I trust in God for the privilege and happiness of rejoining them all some time next autumn, when I hope to return from the Yellowstone River, an expedition undertaken solely for the sake of our work on the Quadrupeds of North America. The day was cold, but the sun was shining, and after having visited a few friends in the city of New York, we departed for Philadelphia in the cars, and reached that place at eleven of the night. As I was about landing, I was touched on the shoulder by a tall, robust-looking man, whom I knew not to be a sheriff, but in fact my good friend Jediah Irish, of the Great Pine Swamp. I also met my friend Edward Harris, who, with old John G. Bell, Isaac Sprague, and young Lewis Squires, are to be my companions for this campaign. We all put up at Mr. Sanderson's. Sunday was spent in visits to Mr. Bowen, Dr. Morton, and others, and we had many calls made upon us at the hotel. On Monday morning we took the cars for Baltimore, and Victor returned home to Minniesland. The weather was rainy, blustery, cold, but we reached Baltimore in time to eat our dinner there, and we there spent the afternoon and the night.

title: Page:Audubon and His Journals.djvu/509


text:
Author:Joseph Raymond McCarthy

Speeches

 * "Enemies from Within", February 9, 1950
 * Explaining the Communist Threat, June 2, 1950

Letters

 * Joseph McCarthy to President Harry Truman, February 11, 1950

title: Author:Joseph Raymond McCarthy


text:
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title: Template:Pagebreak2/doc


text:
Speech of Joseph McCarthy, Wheeling, West Virginia, February 9, 1950

Ladies and gentlemen, tonight as we celebrate the one hundred forty-first birthday of one of the greatest men in American history, I would like to be able to talk about what a glorious day today is in the history of the world. As we celebrate the birth of this man who with his whole heart and soul hated war, I would like to be able to speak of peace in our time—of war being outlawed—and of world-wide disarmament. These would be truly appropriate things to be able to mention as we celebrate the birthday of Abraham Lincoln.

Five years after a world war has been won, men’s hearts should anticipate a long peace—and men’s minds should be free from the heavy weight that comes with war. But this is not such a period—for this is not a period of peace. This is a time of “the cold war.” This is a time when all the world is split into two vast, increasingly hostile armed camps—a time of a great armament race.

Today we can almost physically hear the mutterings and rumblings of an invigorated god of war. You can see it, feel it, and hear it all the way from the Indochina hills, from the shores of Formosa, right over into the very heart of Europe itself.

The one encouraging thing is that the “mad moment” has not yet arrived for the firing of the gun or the exploding of the bomb which will set civilization about the final task of destroying itself. There is still a hope for peace if we finally decide that no longer can we safely blind our eyes and close our ears to those facts which are shaping up more and more clearly. . . and that is that we are now engaged in a show-down fight. . . not the usual war between nations for land areas or other material gains, but a war between two diametrically opposed ideologies.

The great difference between our western Christian world and the atheistic Communist world is not political, gentlemen, it is moral. For instance, the Marxian idea of confiscating the land and factories and running the entire economy as a single enterprise is momentous. Likewise, Lenin’s invention of the one-party police state as a way to make Marx’s idea work is hardly less momentous.

Stalin’s resolute putting across of these two ideas, of course, did much to divide the world. With only these differences, however, the east and the west could most certainly still live in peace.

The real, basic difference, however, lies in the religion of immoralism. . . invented by Marx, preached feverishly by Lenin, and carried to unimaginable extremes by Stalin. This religion of immoralism, if the Red half of the world triumphs—and well it may, gentlemen—this religion of immoralism will more deeply wound and damage mankind than any conceivable economic or political system.

Karl Marx dismissed God as a hoax, and Lenin and Stalin have added in clear-cut, unmistakable language their resolve that no nation, no people who believe in a god, can exist side by side with their communistic state.

Karl Marx, for example, expelled people from his Communist Party for mentioning such things as love, justice, humanity or morality. He called this “soulful ravings” and “sloppy sentimentality.”. ..

Today we are engaged in a final, all-out battle between communistic atheism and Christianity. The modern champions of communism have selected this as the time, and ladies and gentlemen, the chips are down—they are truly down.

Lest there be any doubt that the time has been chosen, let us go directly to the leader of communism today—Joseph Stalin. Here is what he said—not back in 1928, not before the war, not during the war—but 2 years after the last war was ended: “To think that the Communist revolution can be carried out peacefully, within the framework of a Christian democracy, means one has either gone out of one’s mind and lost all normal understanding, or has grossly and openly repudiated the Communist revolution.”. ..

Ladies and gentlemen, can there be anyone tonight who is so blind as to say that the war is not on? Can there by anyone who fails to realize that the Communist world has said the time is now? . . . that this is the time for the show-down between the democratic Christian world and the communistic atheistic world?

Unless we face this fact, we shall pay the price that must be paid by those who wait too long.

Six years ago,. . . there was within the Soviet orbit, 180,000,000 people. Lined up on the antitotalitarian side there were in the world at that time, roughly 1,625,000,000 people. Today, only six years later, there are 800,000,000 people under the absolute domination of Soviet Russia—an increase of over 400 percent. On our side, the figure has shrunk to around 500,000,000. In other words, in less than six years, the odds have changed from 9 to 1 in our favor to 8 to 5 against us.

This indicates the swiftness of the tempo of Communist victories and American defeats in the cold war. As one of our outstanding historical figures once said, “When a great democracy is destroyed, it will not be from enemies from without, but rather because of enemies from within.”. ..

The reason why we find ourselves in a position of impotency is not because our only powerful potential enemy has sent men to invade our shores. . . but rather because of the traitorous actions of those who have been treated so well by this Nation. It has not been the less fortunate, or members of minority groups who have been traitorous to this Nation, but rather those who have had all the benefits that the wealthiest Nation on earth has had to offer. . . the finest homes, the finest college education and the finest jobs in government we can give.

This is glaringly true in the State Department. There the bright young men who are born with silver spoons in their mouths are the ones who have been most traitorous. . ..

I have here in my hand a list of 205. . . a list of names that were made known to the Secretary of State as being members of the Communist Party and who nevertheless are still working and shaping policy in the State Department. . ..

As you know, very recently the Secretary of State proclaimed his loyalty to a man guilty of what has always been considered as the most abominable of all crimes—being a traitor to the people who gave him a position of great trust—high treason. . ..

He has lighted the spark which is resulting in a moral uprising and will end only when the whole sorry mess of twisted, warped thinkers are swept from the national scene so that we may have a new birth of honesty and decency in government.


title: Template:Pagebreak2


text:
Explaining the Communist Threat, June 2, 1950

Fellow Americans, thank you very much for the opportunity to be with you tonight to discuss a subject which, in my opinion, towers in importance above all others. It is the subject of international atheistic communism. It deals with the problem of destroying the conspiracy against the people of America and free men everywhere.

[M]any of you have been engaged in this all-out fight against communism long before I came on the scene. You have been engaged in what may well be the final Armageddon foretold in the Bible, that struggle between good and evil, between life and death, if you please.

At the start, let me make clear that in my opinion no special credit is due those of us who are making an all-out fight against this Godless force, a force which seeks to destroy all the honesty and decency that every Protestant, Jew and Catholic has been taught at his mother's knee. It is a task for which we can claim no special credit for doing. It is one which we are obligated to perform. It is one of the tasks for which we were brought into this world, for which we were born. If we fail to use all the powers of mind and body which God gave us, then I am sure our mothers, wherever they are tonight, may well sorrow for the day of our birth.

We know that the major aim of communism, as stated by its atheistic leaders more than 30 years ago, is to create a Red China, thence a Red Asia, wash it with a Red Pacific, and then enslave America.

In this connection let us take a look at the magnitude of Russian success and the enormity of our disaster in China. This is the disaster to which Mr. Acheson refers as the dawning of a new day; the disaster to which Mr. [Owen] Lattimore [an East Asia scholar at Johns Hopkins University] refers as a "limitless horizon of hope."

For whom is Mr. Acheson's new day dawning? Who faces Lattimore's limitless horizon of hope? Not China. Not the forces of democracy in America, but the military masters of the Soviet Union.

The question in the mind of a man elected to represent the people of this Nation and indirectly the people of the world is, Why is this so?

Is it because we are less intelligent than the Communists? Is it because we can't match them in courage? Is it because their devotion to atheism is greater than our devotion to God? Is it because we are less willing to stand up and fight for what we think is right? Ladies and gentlemen, the answer to all those questions is "No." Then what is the answer? Is it in our leadership? To that my answer is "Yes," and I challenge anyone to find another answer.

I have been naming and presenting evidence against those leaders who have been responsible for selling into Communist slavery 400,000,000 people, those leaders responsible for the creation of Communist steppingstones to the American shores.

Those in power in Washington say that this is not so; that those are not the men. Now if I have named the wrong men, then the American people are entitled to know who is responsible for the tremendous Communist victory in Asia and the dismal American defeat, the greatest defeat any nation has suffered in war or peace.

It is essential, therefore, that we put the spotlight of exposure on those who are responsible for this disaster. This is important, not for the purpose of exposing past failures, but because those same men are now doing America's planning for the future. Unfortunately they have be-come so deeply entrenched that almost every power of the Government is used to sabotage any attempt to expose and root them out.

I have tried to give you the highlights of a difficult and dangerous situation that exists. You have as a flaming backdrop to my remarks the facts of the world as you find them today. Communism is no longer a creeping threat to America. It is a racing doom that comes closer to our shore each day. To resist it we must be intelligently strong.

Such strength will come only from men and women dedicated to the wholehearted defense of democracy. The average American who constitutes the heart and soul of this Nation is so dedicated. We must be sure that those who seek to lead up today are equally dedicated. We cannot survive on half loyalties any more than we can find the facts of Communist conspiracy with half-truths.


text:
Enemies from Within

Ladies and gentlemen, tonight as we celebrate the one hundred forty-first birthday of one of the greatest men in American history, I would like to be able to talk about what a glorious day today is in the history of the world. As we celebrate the birth of this man who with his whole heart and soul hated war, I would like to be able to speak of peace in our time—of war being outlawed—and of world-wide disarmament. These would be truly appropriate things to be able to mention as we celebrate the birthday of Abraham Lincoln.

Five years after a world war has been won, men’s hearts should anticipate a long peace—and men’s minds should be free from the heavy weight that comes with war. But this is not such a period—for this is not a period of peace. This is a time of “the cold war.” This is a time when all the world is split into two vast, increasingly hostile armed camps—a time of a great armament race.

Today we can almost physically hear the mutterings and rumblings of an invigorated god of war. You can see it, feel it, and hear it all the way from the Indochina hills, from the shores of Formosa, right over into the very heart of Europe itself.

The one encouraging thing is that the “mad moment” has not yet arrived for the firing of the gun or the exploding of the bomb which will set civilization about the final task of destroying itself. There is still a hope for peace if we finally decide that no longer can we safely blind our eyes and close our ears to those facts which are shaping up more and more clearly. . . and that is that we are now engaged in a show-down fight. . . not the usual war between nations for land areas or other material gains, but a war between two diametrically opposed ideologies.

The great difference between our western Christian world and the atheistic Communist world is not political, gentlemen, it is moral. For instance, the Marxian idea of confiscating the land and factories and running the entire economy as a single enterprise is momentous. Likewise, Lenin’s invention of the one-party police state as a way to make Marx’s idea work is hardly less momentous.

Stalin’s resolute putting across of these two ideas, of course, did much to divide the world. With only these differences, however, the east and the west could most certainly still live in peace.

The real, basic difference, however, lies in the religion of immoralism. . . invented by Marx, preached feverishly by Lenin, and carried to unimaginable extremes by Stalin. This religion of immoralism, if the Red half of the world triumphs—and well it may, gentlemen—this religion of immoralism will more deeply wound and damage mankind than any conceivable economic or political system.

Karl Marx dismissed God as a hoax, and Lenin and Stalin have added in clear-cut, unmistakable language their resolve that no nation, no people who believe in a god, can exist side by side with their communistic state.

Karl Marx, for example, expelled people from his Communist Party for mentioning such things as love, justice, humanity or morality. He called this “soulful ravings” and “sloppy sentimentality.”. ..

Today we are engaged in a final, all-out battle between communistic atheism and Christianity. The modern champions of communism have selected this as the time, and ladies and gentlemen, the chips are down—they are truly down.

Lest there be any doubt that the time has been chosen, let us go directly to the leader of communism today—Joseph Stalin. Here is what he said—not back in 1928, not before the war, not during the war—but 2 years after the last war was ended: “To think that the Communist revolution can be carried out peacefully, within the framework of a Christian democracy, means one has either gone out of one’s mind and lost all normal understanding, or has grossly and openly repudiated the Communist revolution.”. ..

Ladies and gentlemen, can there be anyone tonight who is so blind as to say that the war is not on? Can there by anyone who fails to realize that the Communist world has said the time is now? . . . that this is the time for the show-down between the democratic Christian world and the communistic atheistic world?

Unless we face this fact, we shall pay the price that must be paid by those who wait too long.

Six years ago,. . . there was within the Soviet orbit, 180,000,000 people. Lined up on the antitotalitarian side there were in the world at that time, roughly 1,625,000,000 people. Today, only six years later, there are 800,000,000 people under the absolute domination of Soviet Russia—an increase of over 400 percent. On our side, the figure has shrunk to around 500,000,000. In other words, in less than six years, the odds have changed from 9 to 1 in our favor to 8 to 5 against us.

This indicates the swiftness of the tempo of Communist victories and American defeats in the cold war. As one of our outstanding historical figures once said, “When a great democracy is destroyed, it will not be from enemies from without, but rather because of enemies from within.”. ..

The reason why we find ourselves in a position of impotency is not because our only powerful potential enemy has sent men to invade our shores. . . but rather because of the traitorous actions of those who have been treated so well by this Nation. It has not been the less fortunate, or members of minority groups who have been traitorous to this Nation, but rather those who have had all the benefits that the wealthiest Nation on earth has had to offer. . . the finest homes, the finest college education and the finest jobs in government we can give.

This is glaringly true in the State Department. There the bright young men who are born with silver spoons in their mouths are the ones who have been most traitorous. . ..

I have here in my hand a list of 205. . . a list of names that were made known to the Secretary of State as being members of the Communist Party and who nevertheless are still working and shaping policy in the State Department. . ..

As you know, very recently the Secretary of State proclaimed his loyalty to a man guilty of what has always been considered as the most abominable of all crimes—being a traitor to the people who gave him a position of great trust—high treason. . ..

He has lighted the spark which is resulting in a moral uprising and will end only when the whole sorry mess of twisted, warped thinkers are swept from the national scene so that we may have a new birth of honesty and decency in government.

title: Enemies from Within


text:
Letter from Joseph McCarthy to President Harry Truman, February 11, 1950

In the Lincoln Day speech at Wheeling Thursday night I stated that the State Department harbors a nest of Communists and Communist sympathizers who are helping to shape our foreign policy. I further stated that I have in my possession the names of 57 Communists who are in the State Department at present. A State Department spokesman promptly denied this, claiming that there is not a single Communist in the Department. You can convince yourself of the falsity of the State Department claim very easily. You will recall that you personally appointed a board to screen State Department employees for the purpose of weeding out fellow travelers—men whom the board considered dangerous to the security of this Nation. Your board did a painstaking job, and named hundreds which had been listed as dangerous to the security of the Nation, because of communistic connections.

While the records are not available to me, I know absolutely of one group of approximately 300 certified to the Secretary for discharge because of communism. He actually only discharged approximately 80. I understand that this was done after lengthy consultation with the now-convicted traitor, Alger Hiss. I would suggest, therefore, Mr. President, that you simply pick up your phone and ask Mr. Acheson how many of those whom your board had labeled as dangerous Communists he failed to discharge. The day the House Un-American Activities Committee exposed Alger Hiss as an important link in an international Communist spy ring you signed an order forbidding the State Department’s giving any information in regard to the disloyalty or the communistic connections of anyone in that Department to the Congress.

Despite this State Department black-out, we have been able to compile a list of 57 Communists in the State Department. This list is available to you but you can get a much longer list by ordering Secretary Acheson to give you a list of those whom your own board listed as being disloyal and who are still working in the State Department. I believe the following is the minimum which can be expected of you in this case.

1. That you demand that Acheson give you and the proper congressional committee the names and a complete report on all of those who were placed in the Department by Alger Hiss, and all of those still working in the State Department who were listed by your board as bad security risks because of their communistic connections.

2. That you promptly revoke the order in which you provided under no circumstances could a congressional committee obtain any information or help in exposing Communists.

Failure on your part will label the Democratic Party of being the bedfellow of international communism. Certainly this label is not deserved by the hundreds of thousands of loyal American Democrats throughout the Nation, and by the sizable number of able loyal Democrats in both the Senate and the House.


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Edwards, John (1700?-1776)


text:
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N all communities there are men whose strong individuality is felt by their neighbours. Their superior attainments and knowledge of the world dominate the community. In the colony of Western Australia there are many men who possess these qualities, and few so much as Dr. Henry Calvert Barnett, the Medical Superintendent of the Fremantle Lunatic Asylum. Dr. Barnett comes of an old Belfast family, the members of which seem to have had a predilection for the medical profession and for travel. His elder brothers distinguished themselves in the medical world and journeyed much in India, but it was left to Henry, the youngest, to earn for himself the title of "the much-travelled."

Dr. Henry Calvert Barnett is the third son of the late Richard Barnett, of Belfast, Ireland, in which town he was born on 10th February, 1832. After studying under private tutors and at the school of Dr. Moloney, T.C.D., he would have gone to college, but was seized with such a resistless desire for a sailor's life that, in the year 1849, he left Liverpool in the merchant ship Salem for Canada. When he reached Quebec, cholera was raging. Hundreds of vessels were arriving from Ireland filled with peasantry, who were driven from their homes by the potato famine, and the deaths reached 400 a day, the bodies being interred in great pits. The Salem was detained in this plague-stricken port for months, waiting for a cargo of timber. Strange to say, none of the crew succumbed to the disease, although fourteen deaths occurred on board a neighbouring vessel. Misfortunes came in other guises, for, after obtaining a cargo of timber, the Salem ran ashore in the Gulf of St. Lawrence while on the voyage to Liverpool. Although she was got off the rocks, she leaked so badly that she was in a helpless condition, and soon became water-logged, the deck being level with the water. The ship was only prevented from sinking by the timber cargo. In this condition, she was brought to an anchor off as dangerous a piece of coast as can be found on American shores. Although the interior of the country was unknown to him, the captain landed and travelled by the south bank of the St. Lawrence to Quebec to obtain assistance, selecting as a companion on the journey. the subject of this sketch. After an extremely adventurous time Point Levy, opposite the city was reached, and two steamers were engaged to relieve the distressed vessel. She was found in a terrible plight, the seas making clean breaches over her hull and rendering her deck untentable; the crew had to seek shelter in the tops. When the weather moderated the steamers towed the Salem to Quebec, where she was taken into a floating dock for repairs. While these were proceeding, young Barnett visited places of historical interest. In a small birch-bark canoe which he purchased, he made several long excursions up the river, and, being of an observant disposition, gained much information concerning the nature of the country. The tardy shipwrights eventually finished their task, and the vessel once more spread her wings to a favouring breeze, homeward bound. All went well until she was off the dreaded Banks of Newfoundland, where a terrific hurricane was encountered. The ship was hove to, and for three days was exposed to the full force of the blow. Her boats and bulwarks were carried away, and were soon followed by water-casks which were on deck. Ships of all sizes and rigs round them were battling with the tempest, and one large ship, hailing from Liverpool, went down with all hands. Although the Salem was only a mile distant, she could do nothing to help the doomed crew. During those three terrible days and nights there was no rest for the Salem's crew, who fully expected the vessel to founder. The old ship rode out the storm, sadly damaged, it is true, but seaworthy. The topmasts and the topsail yards were sprung, but the gallant old salt who commanded her determined to press on the homeward voyage. The loss of the water-casks, and the damage done to the provisions by salt water, necessitated the crew being put on half-rations, and as the weather was bitterly cold, their privations were intense. The only fresh water available was that obtained by melting snow, and to add to their misfortunes, the vessel made so much water owing to the straining she had received, that the pumps had to be kept in constant use. In this plight, the west coast of Ireland was sighted, but sixteen days elapsed before the Salem was able to reach Liverpool. On two occasions she got up the Channel as far as Bristol, only to be driven back again by the fierce northerly gales, which in that year were unparalleled in their severity; the Channel was full of homeward-bound ships in distress. With damaged hulls and spars, while short of provisions, they sought in vain to reach a haven of refuge, until at last the Government was forced to send to their succour. Steamers

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Rh supplied many of the vessels with provisions, but the Salem was one of the unfortunate ones, and had to work out her own salvation. When at last she reached Liverpool, young Barnett was famished and utterly worn out, and on reaching home his ardour for a sailor's life had, as might be expected, considerably abated.

He now decided to enter the medical profession, and after a full course of study at Queen's College successfully passed his examinations and became a member of the Royal College of Surgeons, England. On the 20th of January, 1855, he entered the Peninsular and Oriental Company's service, and was sent to join a ship at Suez. This was before the canal was constructed, and in order to reach his ship at Suez Dr. Barnett had to land at Alexandria, travel to Cairo, and cross the dreary desert. He made several voyages to Bombay, Ceylon, Calcutta, Singapore, Hong Kong, Shanghai, and other Eastern ports, in the mail steamer Bengal. In the beginning of 1856, at the request of the English and American merchants at Foochow, he left the P. and O. service and settled in practice at that port. The hard work, combined with the unhealthy climate, was too much for his constitution, and he was compelled to travel to recuperate. The gold diggings of California were still prosperous, and Dr. Barnett wisely decided to seek health amid the varying scenes of digger life. In the commencement of 1859, after a short trip to Manilla, he sailed in an American ship for California. During his long residence in China he had several encounters with the natives. Once in Foochow the townspeople attacked the Cantonese servants of the foreign merchants, whom the masters had to defend, and during the fight Howard Cunningham, a young American, and a good friend of Dr. Barnett's, was killed close to him, by a spear which penetrated his liver. Again, when with two companions he sailed in a Portuguese lorcha for Ningpo, the party was attacked at the entrance of the river by two large junks, but managed to avoid the dreaded stinkpots and prove that Eley's green cartridges, when judiciously used, are more than a match for gingalls. On a third occasion, after forming one of a shooting party on the mainland, about twenty miles from Hong Kong, when stopping at an old Buddhist monastery on a hill, they were attacked by a large party of pirates. All the Chinese servants ran away, and the doctor and his friends had to fight their way to the coast, where the boat was waiting for them. On arriving at Hong Kong, they reported the occurrence to the then Governor (Sir John Bowring), who, as the pirates in question had previously given much trouble, immediately ordered a gunboat to proceed to the spot and shell tle village,

On landing at San Francisco, Dr. Barnett proceeded on horseback right through California, seeing and associating with the principal actors in the fierce race for wealth, men with whom Mark Twain and Bret Harte have made the world familiar. He also visited the then newly-discovered groves of mammoth trees and the Yosemite Valley, in which he camped for several days, there being no house in the place at the time. This tour, which he states was the most enjoyable he ever made, was the means of completely renewing his health. His next journey was by rail, across the Isthmus of Panama, and by boat through the Gulf of Mexico. Landing at New York, he travelled in the States and Canada, remaining some time at Niagara. Then, leaving Boston by the Cunard steamer Europa, he went to England round the north coast of Ireland, seeing in its fullest perfection the aurora borealis, a poetical description of which he published in a London newspaper. From Liverpool he went to Edinburgh, passed the necessary examinations, and became a licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians. After revisiting the Highlands, this time on foot, and taking a short run on the Continent, he embarked once more on the sea, in the ship Flower of the Forest, which left London in 1861, bound for Melbourne. During a violent storm in the Bay of Biscay the ship was dismasted, and Dr. Barnett was required to amputate the leg of a sailor who fell from aloft. This occurred at midnight, and as the cabin lamps were broken, and only one man could be spared from the work of cutting away the wreckage which, knocking against the side of the ship, threatened her destruct:ion, the operation was a delicate one. By the light of a single candle the intrepid doctor, despite the fact that the ship was bobbing like a cork in the heavy sea, commenced his task, and performed the operation successfully. The vessel was so seriously damaged that she had to put back to the nearest port—Cork—to refit. During her detention, Dr. Barnett visited the Lakes of Killarney. On reaching Melbourne, he passed most of 1861 in touring the colonies of Victoria, New South Wales, and Queensland. The latter colony was not very well known at this time, and, ever on the search for fresh scenes, he decided to penetrate its vastnesses. He purchased horses in Sydney, and proceeded by steamer to Moreton Bay, whence he took his departure into the bushlands. He was away for many months, and wrote several interesting and instructive articles on his travels, which were published in Chambers's Journal and other English magazines. On his return to England, he was made a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, and was highly commended for his work, which was really of an exploring character. On reaching London, he entered the service of the African Steamship Company, and made three successive voyages to the West Coast of Africa. Early in 1868 he was appointed by the Secretary for the Colonies (the Duke of Buckingham) Colonial Surgeon at York, Western Australia, and he landed at Fremantle from the ship Lady Louise in June, 1868. For some time he did duty at York, until an injury to his knee brought on such severe inflammation of the joint that he was compelled to visit Perth to undergo amputation. Despite this misfortune Dr. Barnett continued his work with unabated vigour until 1872, when Governor Weld appointed him Colonial Surgeon at Fremantle, an office which he held for twenty-three years. This position included the duties of Health Officer to the port—boarding ships and visiting the Aboriginal Convict Prison at Rottnest. The bad sanitary condition of the majority of the towns throughout the colony was severely commented upon by the doctor in a series of letters to the press, in which he sought to warn the people of the risks they ran by the culpable negligence of all sanitary rules. He pointed out how the danger could be avoided, and the letters were thought so highly of by Governor Weld that he had them issued in pamphlet form from the office of the Government Printer. In 1891 Dr. Barnett was granted extended leave of absence, and going home by the P. and O. Company's steamer Victoria landed in England after an absence of twenty-four years. He visited nearly every part of the British Isles, and returned to the colony by the Oceans in 1892. Three years later the office of Colonial Surgeon at Fremantle was abolished, and Dr. Barnett was appointed to the sole charge of the Lunatic Asylum as Medical Superintendent. In speaking of his work in the asylum he deplores the increase of lunacy in the colony, which he attributes to the practice so common in remote parts, of intermarriage among people who have hereditary predisposition to insanity. Dr. Barnett was gazetted a Justice of

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 the Peace in 1869, and is one of the oldest honorary magistrates in the colony.

In addition to being a medical man of more than ordinary attainments, he has some literary ability. His descriptions of the journey through Queensland are effectively penned. That he is possessed of poetic instinct is shown in his poem written on board the ship Nourmahal, off Cape Horn. In referring to the beautiful ice mountains, he says:—

Being a clever conversationalist, Dr. Barnett sometimes treats his friends to a priceless wealth of anecdote; stories which, indeed, roam largely over five hemispheres.

DR. FRANK TRATMAN, J.P., M.D., M.R.C.S., D.P.H., L.R.C.P. (Eng.).

HE survival of the fittest—the uprising of merit—is one of the undeniable characteristics of the nineteenth century, in which work in any profession is highly specialised, and none but the specialist is held to be of any account. The time has gone by when mediocre brains or acquirements can pass muster in the world under a counterfeited hallmark of quality, and maintain for their possessor a spurious credit. The world is too perceptive and too critical to accept a make-believe for performances of the first class; there are too many eager competitors in the field to expose the cheat, and to jealously pull down the usurper of prizes that are fairly beyond his reach. To obtain distinction in any pursuit in these days of high pressure, not only talent, but singleness of purpose, is necessary, and sedulous application for the development in the highest measure of natural gifts, and it is only when this exacting combination of forces is happily found in association that rivals are distanced, and the victor bears away the palm. "The runners," as Carlyle says, "are treading on each other's heels; woe to him who stops to tie his shoe-string." This is especially true of the medical profession. The day has gone by when, as one writer puts it, a doctor may pour drugs of which he knows little into bodies of which he knows less. The physician or the surgeon works under too clear a light of public opinion to be able to assume a knowledge when he has it not. It is true that his patients do not understand his methods, but they judge him by the test of results, which is the most practical test of the efficiency and value of his services, which may manifest an inborn skill of diagnosis or merely a mechanical rule of thumb application of book learning, to all cases alike without discrimination, and which are rewarded respectively by a large practice, and the semi-starvation of the unhappy practitioner who has mistaken his vocation. The range of medical learning has become so wide with the accumulated experience of the ages, since the time of Esculapius, that it may be taken for granted that no man who does not find the profession a congenial one would attempt to shun delights and live laborious days in exploring the libraries of works which have been written upon the ills that flesh is heir to. The application of the point of our text will be found in the perusal of the record of the prosperous life of Dr. Frank Tratman, whose academic qualifications make an imposing array below the portrait of the subject of our biography.

Dr. Frank Tratman, MD., M.R.C.S., D.P.H., L R.C.P., and Justice of the Peace for the colony of Western Australia, was born in Bristol in 1860. He was educated at the Bristol Grammar School, distinguishing himself as a scholar, and carrying off many prizes at the head of his classes. From an early age the mysteries and the triumphs of medicine and surgery had possessed a fascination for him, and he delighted to absorb himself in the researches of these branches of science, so that his father, who was a profound believer in the sound maxim that the boy is father of the man, was easily persuaded to allow him to apply himself to a profession for which he had so marked a predilection. Frank Tratman entered upon the study of medicine at the London Hospital, and having now full scope for the display of his aptitudes, made rapid progress in the studies to which he applied himself with all the ardour of a strong and sympathetic mind. He took the degree of M.B., and became house surgeon to the London Hospital. After he had held this position for some months, he aspired to a wider sphere of observation and practice, and, his high qualifications having attracted the attention of the Colonial Office, an offer was made to him by the Imperial authorities to go out to Western Australia and become resident medical officer at Carnarvon. To the young practitioner the prospect of completing his education by the varied experiences of travel and of seeing the antipodes, whose conditions of life and influences on character are so wholly different to those of the

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Barings v. Dabney/Concurrence Miller

I concur in the judgment given in this case, but not in all the positions taken in the opinion of the majority of the court. I cannot regard the eleventh section of the act of the General Assembly of South Carolina, passed December 21st, 1865, as amounting either to an assignment or a declaration of trust of the property of the bank in favor of the holders of the Fire Loan bonds. In my opinion it effected no transfer, either legal or equitable, and vested no interest in the creditors. Hence the repeal of the act by the legislature, in 1868, was no disturbance of any vested rights, and it is not obnoxious to the objection that it impaired the obligation of any contract. For this reason, and for this reason alone, I think the judgment should be affirmed.

Justices MILLER and DAVIS expressed their concurrence in what was said by Mr. Justice Strong.

title: Barings v. Dabney/Concurrence Miller


text:
The Mayor v. Ray/Concurrence Hunt

I concur in the judgment of this court reversing the judgment at the circuit, and remanding the case for further proceedings. I do not, however, concur in some of the grounds upon which the reversal is placed in the opinion delivered by Mr. Justice Bradley, and as my concurrence is necessary to the rendering of the judgment, there is a manifest propriety in an expression of the grounds of my concurrence.

I am of the opinion that the judge erred in charging and deciding that if the checks 'are, upon their face, overdue at the time of such sale (that is their reissue and sale), they will be in law payable on demand, and are not to be deemed dishonored so as to let in defences between the company and a subsequent holder of the paper until after the lapse of a reasonable time after their reissue for the making of such demand.' All of the checks in question had been presented for payment. Payment was not made, but the time of presentation was noted in each instance, and interest was allowed upon the check from that date. The presentation and neglect to pay had been made in some instances nearly four months before such purchase, and the time of such presentation was noted upon the check by the city treasurer, and it bore interest from that date. A check requires no presentment for acceptance as distinguished from presentment for payment. If once presented and payment refused, it is dishonored. To constitute a bon a fide holder of a note or check it is necessary-1. That it should have been received before maturity; 2. That a valuable consideration should have been paid for it; and 3. That it should have been taken without knowledge of the defences sought to be made.

Whatever defences could properly be made to these checks in the hands of the original holder could be made while they were in the plaintiff's hands. He was not a bon a fide holder.

Evidence to show fraud or corruption, or want of authority in their issue, should have been received at the circuit, and in excluding the offers made on that subject and in the charge in reference to the evidence given, I think there was error. Thus, the Sax check, it was alleged, had been issued without authority, hypothecated to secure a note of the city made without authority, and sold in violation of the terms of the hypothecation. It was open to this defence in the hands of the plaintiff.

In the case of another check it was offered to be proved that it was issued without authority and upon a corrupt contract, but the evidence was excluded.

The court in another place charged the jury that 'if it is the usage to reissue the securities by sale in the market, they will, when so sold, be obligatory upon the corporation.' I cannot think that it is lawful for a municipal corporation to issue its checks, pay them, reissue them, and repeat this operation as often as its convenience requires. This comes too near the character of a bank of issue and deposit.

In the particulars following, my views are different from those expressed in the opinion of Justice Bradley.

I hold it to be well established by the authorities that a municipal corporation may borrow money for the legitimate use of the corporation, and that it may issue its notes for the same unless expressly prohibited by its charter or by statute from so doing. The proposition that it cannot borrow money, unless by its charter expressly authorized to do so, is, in my opinion, unsustained by sound authority.

That the securities thus issued by municipal corporations are subject to the rules of commercial law when held by a bon a fide holder has been repeatedly held by this court. Every recent volume of its reports contains authorities to this effect. The authorities of the State of Tennessee sustain these general views.

Checks of the city were issued for the payment of particular debts, and when paid should, no doubt, under ordinary circumstances, have been cancelled. A reissue of a paid check is an extraordinary proceeding. If done by an officer without the authority of the common council, it is a gross violation of duty. If with the authority, it is a loose practice, liable to abuse. Whether such reissue would be an act of positive illegality, ultra vires merely, or a bad practice simply, it is not necessary to decide. In neither case can the city repudiate the transaction. It is upon this point chiefly that I desire to express my dissent from the opinion just delivered. As to all the checks in question, the record shows that they were paid over by the collector of city taxes to the treasurer of the board of education, that they were by him sold to McCrory, at eighty cents on the dollar, and that the proceeds of such sales were applied to the uses of the city by an immediate payment of the wages due to the teachers in the public schools of the city. The city received this money upon the reissue of its checks. So far as McCrory is concerned, or the plaintiff who succeeds to his rights, the city now has the money in its treasury.

It is a general rule, applicable to all persons and corporations, and is a dictate of plain honesty, that whoever, knowing the facts of the case, retains and uses money received by an agent for his account, cannot repudiate the contract on which it is received. Putting this transaction most strongly against the plaintiff, by assuming that this reissue was not ultra vires merely, but was positively prohibited by law, the city is still responsible to the holder of the checks for the money it has received and still retains. Conceding the illegal contract to be void, as forbidden by the legislature, it is to be remembered that the prohibition is upon the city only, and not upon the person dealing with it; the illegality is on the part of the city, and not of the person receiving the checks. The contract may well be void as to the city, and its officers punishable for the offence of making it, and yet it may stand in favor of innocent persons not within the prohibition. Such was the decision in Tracy v. Talmage, in Curtis v. Leavitt, and in The Oneida Bank v. The Ontario Bank. The latter case was briefly this: The general banking law of New York prohibited the issuance by a bank of a certificate of deposit payable on time. The cashier of the Ontario Bank received $5000 in cash from one Perry, and delivered to him a certificate of deposit post-dated about four weeks, for the purpose of raising funds for the bank. This draft Perry transferred to the Oneida Bank, who brought suit upon it. It was held, assuming this draft to be void, that the party making the contract could reject the security and recover the money or value which he advanced on receiving it. It was held further, that the right of action to recover this money passed to the Oneida Bank upon the transfer of the certificate to them. The plaintiff recovered the money advanced to the bank upon the illegal certificate. Both of these principles were held with equal distinctness in Tracy v. Talmage, supra.

They seem to me to be decisive of the right of the plaintiff to recover upon the checks, regarding them in their most unfavorable aspect, the amount of money advanced to and yet held by the city.

For the reasons thus presented, I concur in the reversal of the judgment.

VENIRE DE NOVO AWARDED.

title: The Mayor v. Ray/Concurrence Hunt


text: Folk-Lore/Volume 4/Cinderella in Britain


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Portal talk:Biblioþēce

Metadata
No date, no source ? --Jerome Charles Potts (talk) 07:43, 23 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Well, I am not aware of the actual date of translation for any of the middle-age translations (I would guess anywhere from 800 to 1000 AD), although that information or relavant theories to that information should be floating around somewhere on the net. The source that I have for the original translations is . However, the modern translations are by myself. Gott wisst (talk) 05:41, 16 December 2010 (UTC)

ang:
The same text is hosted at ang:Biblioþēce. Or rather it isn't but redlinks are in place where it should be. Perhaps the text available here should just be moved there? --Dbachmann (talk) 09:54, 4 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Unfortuneately, that localisation of Wikisource has been locked and combinded with the Modern English localisation, hence why have put it here. Gott wisst (talk) 05:38, 16 December 2010 (UTC)

title: Portal talk:Biblioþēce


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Page:Folk-lore - A Quarterly Review. Volume 2, 1891.djvu/131

's volume would deserve notice, if for nothing else, as the work of the most learned English student of the Folk-tale. He has at command the whole literature of a subject which nowadays ranges over all languages, and makes its appearance in the most unexpected quarters. One consequence of this is, that, in his study of any particular tale or group of tales, Mr. Hartland deals with the whole mass of ascertainable facts; his inductions are of the widest, and consequently his inferences, according to the logician, should be of the soundest. Another point, too, which should be noticed in his method, is the constant criticism to which he submits his materials. No tale is allowed to rank as a genuine folk-tale that cannot give date and place for its existence among the folk. We poor caterers for the depraved taste of the juvenile public, who write at home at ease, are warned off from the very threshold of the inquiry. This is indeed as it should be: this is in truth a science of folk-tales.

It is, however, only with one department of that science that Mr. Hartland deals on the present occasion. When he speaks of fairy tales, he, strange to say, means what he says, and does not use the term in that vague and unscientific way that the aforesaid popular caterers indulge in. By fairy tales our writer means tales about fairies, and his work treats of five groups of tales that deal with the manners and ways of the fairy people as conceived by the folk Fairies love their lords, and require the assistance of


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 124 human Mrs. Gamps. Fairies take fancies to human infants, and exchange their own brats for the babies. Humans obtain various gifts from Fairyland by stealth or gift. Humans can enter the land of Faerie, but find time passes only too pleasantly and swiftly within its confines. Human lovers can get fairy wives by robbing them of their fairy robes or "husks." These five Topica—Fairy Births and Human Midwives, Changelings, Robberies from Fairyland, the Supernatural Lapse of Time in Fairyland, and Swan-maidens—these form Mr. Hartland's themes. What has his science to say of them? This leads on to another question: What does he seek to find in them? What, in other words, is his problem?

Mr. Hartland seeks origins; we are all on the scent for origins nowadays. How did these curious ideas about a fairy world, where things are other than they seem, where no Newton has discovered a law of gravitation, where time has wings and clocks spell years for minutes, where human beings lose their sense of time, and fairy maidens doff their quaint garbs—how did mankind come to think such things? Mr. Hartland answers in short: men have been savages, and savages regard all these things as natural, just as much a part of the normal course of things as marrying many wives or eating human beings for food. Civilised men have grown out of all these things, but—here is the important point—civilised mankind has passed through them all. The fairy world is a survival of savage imagination, and the science of fairy tales consists in tracing these survivals.

So far, Mr. Hartland is only applying to a well-defined group of tales the method first suggested, as far as I know, by Mr. J. H. Farrer in his "Savage Life", but developed and made popular by the keen insight and literary skill of Mr. Andrew Lang. So far as this theory professes to explain the origin of ideas occurring in folk-tales that are manifestly absurd, yet equally manifestly believed in, it has won the battle all down the line. Men changed to beasts, beasts


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 Rh turned to men,dead men resuscitated, human beings sleeping for centuries—these things never were on sea or land, and belief in them must be due to a state of mind which no longer exists among civilised folk—they are savage in origin. So far so good; so far we are all, or nearly all, agreed. But when the further question is asked—Does the modern existence of tales embodying these ideas necessarily involve the existence of those beliefs among the nations where the tales are now found?—here we reach a point where we must distinguish. To invent such stories au sérieux requires no doubt a belief in the ideas underlying them. But merely to take them and hand them on as stories when once invented, does not necessarily involve such an active belief in metamorphosis, totemism, and the rest. The stories cannot, therefore, be used as archaeological evidence of the beliefs in the countries where they are found, unless we can be certain that they originated there. In other words, the problem of diffusion is of prior urgency to that of origin.

Mr. Hartland does not think so. He does not consider it necessary to take into account the possibility of a story having been diffused from a single centre before discussing what it means. If stories are found alike, whether in adjacent or distant countries, it was the similarity of the human minds producing them that produced the similarity. Against this is the fact that adjacent countries do as a matter of fact have a larger common store of tales than distant ones. There are more tales in common between Denmark and Scotland, say, than between Scotland and Russia. Again, while single incidents may have arisen independently in different countries, the weaving of them into a connected story, with incident following incident in the same order, this cannot have happened casually, as Mr. Lang and Mr. Hartland would contend. And if they point to a few cases where such series of incidents—e.g., the Jason and Medea type—occur in widely remote districts where diffusion by borrowing seems impossible, I would turn the tables,


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 126 and produce the same as proofs of the insidiousness of diffusion. Thus, to take an example from Mr. Hartland's book, if the celebrated test for the fairy changeling—laughter at water boiled in egg-shells—were found in Japan I should not be content to say that the similarity of the Japanese mind had produced a similar story. I should try and trace where the story first arose. That test, one may safely say, was never invented twice.

On the important subject of method—and it is a sign of youth and vigour in a science for its methods to be still undetermined—I venture therefore to disagree with Mr. Hartland. But this by no means causes me to overlook the grasp of material and skill of arrangement shown in his book. His choice of subject, too, argues great judgment. Fairy tales, properly so called, i.e., tales about fairies, are not so much stories as incidents. Hence the Casual Method, as I would venture to call it, can deal with these anecdotes without raising the inconvenient question of diffusion. It would have been impossible, I should fancy, to deal with even any one of the types of story—e.g., Puss-in-Boots—with anything like the same detail as is shown here, without raising the question of diffusion. Mr. Lang's sketches in his Perrault were only sketches after all, and scarcely touched the crucial problems of the subject.

Mr. Hartland dismisses rather cavalierly Mr. MacRitchie's "realistic" theory of the origin of fairies, rather too cavalierly, I think. His chief argument against it is, that where you find stories of fairies, you ought to find traces of Finns. To that there is a twofold answer. First, the stories may have been brought from places where there had been Finns. Secondly, in nearly all places where such stories are told the present inhabitants have been preceded by a shorter race, whom they have exterminated. Tradition about these autochthones might give rise to fairy tales in Mr. Hartland's sense of the word.

I have only touched on Mr. Hartland's main topics; to


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 Rh go into detail on his many interesting suggestions, notably that on Lady Godiva, which is somewhat dragged into the book, would be beyond the purpose of this notice. I desire to welcome, in as warm terms as possible, the first serious attempt in English to deal with fairy mythology in a sufficiently wide induction of the facts. Mr. Hartland's conclusions are, I think, only part of the truth; but his facts and his arrangement of them must form the basis of future investigation into the subject for a good while to come.


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Author:Frank Hutson Gregory

Works

 * Arithmetic and Reality: A Development of Popper's Ideas
 * Mapping Information Systems onto the Real World
 * SSM for Knowledge Elicitation & Representation
 * SSM to Information Systems: A Wittgensteinian Approach
 * Logic and Meaning in Conceptual Models: Implications for Information System Design
 * Cause, Effect, Efficiency & Soft Systems Models

Refereed Journal Articles
"Cultural Problems in Applying SSM for IS Development" with T.T. Moore (2000), Journal of Global Information Management, vol. 8, no. 1.

"Logical Soft Systems Modelling for Information Source Analysis - The Case of Hong Kong Telecom", with Lau Sui Pong (1999) Journal of the Operational Research Society, vol. 50 (2),

"Soft Systems Models for Knowledge Elicitation and Representation" (1995), Journal of the Operational Research Society, vol. 46 (5), pp 562-578.

"Cause, Effect, Efficiency and Soft Systems Models" (1993), Journal of the Operational Research Society, vol. 44 (4), pp 333-344.

"SSM to Information Systems: A Wittgensteinian Approach" (1993), Journal of Information Systems, 3, pp. 149-168.

"Logic and Meaning in Conceptual Models: Implications for Information System Design" (1993). Systemist, vol. 15 (1). pp. 28-43.

"SSM to Information Systems: A Logical Account", (1992) Systemist, vol. 14 (3), 1992. pp. 180-189.

Books
The Bangkok Cable Stayed Bridge, with R. A. Freeman (1987) 3 F Engineering Consultants, Bangkok, Thailand.

Stalin, with David Hayes (1977) Wayland Publishers, Brighton, England.

Rommel, (1974) Wayland Publishers, Brighton, England.

Goering, (1974) Wayland Publishers, Brighton, England.

Books edited
Proceedings of the Conference on the Theory, Use and Integrative Aspects of IS Methodologies. with N. Jayaratna, G. Paton and Y. Merali Eds, (1993) British Computer Society Information Systems Methodologies Special Interest Group. Sept. 1993.

Chapters in Books
"The impact of culture on the development of information systems: A case study." with Moores, T.T., (2002) In F. Tan (Ed.) 'Advanced Topics in Global Information Management, Vol. 1,' Idea Group Publishing, Hershey (PA), USA, pp74-82.

"Mapping Information Systems on to the real world" in Winder & Probert (Eds.) Philosophical Aspects of Information Systems. Taylor & Francis, 1997.

Refereed Conference Proceedings
F. H. Gregory & T. T. Moores, 1998, "Cultural Problems in Applying SSM for IS Development" in Business Information Technolgy Management: Closing the International Divide, the proceedings of the BIT World Conference Delhi Feb 1998 (Eds.) P. Banerjee, R. Hackney, G. Dillon & R. Jain. Har-Anand Publications, New Delhi.

Ada Wong & F. H. Gregory, 1998, "On the inapplicability of western models to information systems development in Chinese companies - the case of the Hong Kong newspapers" Implementation and evaluation of information systems in developing countries, the proceedings of the fifth International Working Conference of IFIP WG 9.4. (Ed.) Chrisanthi Avgerou. International Federation for Information Processing.

F. H. Gregory, 1996, "The need for "Scientific" Information Systems" Proceedings of the Americas Conference on Information Systems, Aug 1996, Association for Information Systems, 1996. pp. 534-536.

F. H. Gregory, 1994, "Are there systems problems in current systems teaching?" Proceedings of the third UKSS Information & Information Systems Seminar, Systemist vol. 16 (1), Feb. 1994. pp. 9-11.

F. H. Gregory, 1993, "SSM for Knowledge Elicitation and Representation", Proceedings of the Conference on the Theory, Use and Integrative Aspects of IS Methodologies, British Computer Society Information Systems Methodologies Special Interest Group. Sept. 1993. pp. 377-390.

F. H. Gregory, 1993, "Mapping Conceptual Models on to the Real World", Proceedings of the United Kingdom Systems Society 3rd International Conference, Plenum Publishing Corp. July 1993. pp. 117-122.

Working Papers and Letters
Ada Wong & F. H. Gregory, 1997, The Inapplicability of Western Models to Information Technology Development in Chinese Companies - The Case of the Hong Kong Newspaper Industry, City University of Hong Kong, Information Systems Department, Working Paper No. WP97/06.

F. H. Gregory & Lau Siu Pong, 1996, Logical Soft Systems Modelling for Information Source Analysis, City University of Hong Kong, Information Systems Department, Working Paper No.WP96/05

F. H. Gregory, 1996, "Arithmetic and Reality: A Development of Popper's Ideas", City University of Hong Kong, Information Systems Department, Working Paper No.WP96/01

F. H. Gregory, 1995, "Over Simplistic Cognitive Science", Journal of the Operational Research Society, vol. 46 (2), pp 274-275.

F. H. Gregory, 1995, "Mapping Information Systems onto the Real World". City University of Hong Kong, Information Systems Department, Working Paper No. 95/01.

F. H. Gregory, 1993, "SSM for Knowledge Elicitation and Representation", Warwick Business School Research Paper No. 98.

F. H. Gregory & Y. Merali, 1993, "Inductions, Modality & Conceptual Modelling", Warwick Business School Research Paper No. 79.

F. H. Gregory, 1992, "SSM to Information Systems: A Wittgensteinian Account", Warwick Business School Research Paper No. 65.

F. H. Gregory, 1992, "Logic & Meaning in Conceptual Models: Implications for Information System Design", Warwick Business School Research Paper No. 62.

F. H. Gregory, 1992, "Cause, Effect, Efficiency & Soft Systems Models", Warwick Business School Research Paper No. 42.

F. H. Gregory, 1991, "Causation and Soft Systems Models", Systemist, vol. 13 (3), Aug 1991. pp. 105-112.

title: Author:Frank Hutson Gregory


text:
Page:Folk-lore - A Quarterly Review. Volume 4, 1893.djvu/139

Rh jeu grec à Rodosto. H. Carnoy, Devinettes picardes. L. Combes, Une Légende mort-née. F. de Beaurepaire, Chansons du Quercy, xxvii. J. Nicolaïdes, Le Folklore de Constantinople, ii, ix. A. Harou, Sorciers et sorcières en Belgique. C. de W., Mélanges traditionnistes. ''Vic. de Colleville'', Vieilles chansons, xvi. H. C., A. Desrousseaux.

Internationales Archiv fiir Ethnographie, v, 1. Dr. W. Joest, Malayische Lieder und Tänze aus Ambon und der Uliase (Molukken).


text:
Vala, or The Four Zoas/Night the Third

[ page 37 ]

Now sat the King of Light on high upon his starry throne And bright Ahania bow'd herself before his splendid feet

O Urizen look on Me. like a mournful stream I Embrace round thy knees & wet My bright hair with my tears: Why sighs my Lord! are not the morning stars thy obedient Sons Do they not bow their bright heads at thy voice? at thy command Do they not fly into their stations & return their light to thee The immortal Atmospheres are thine, there thou art seen in glory Surrounded by the ever changing Daughters of the Light Why wilt thou look upon futurity darkning present joy

She ceas'd the Prince his light obscurd & the splendors of his crown

[ page 38 (III 13-27)]

Infolded in thick clouds, from whence his mighty voice burst forth

O bright [Ahania] a Boy is born of the dark Ocean Whom Urizen doth serve, with Light replenishing his darkness I am set here a King of trouble commanded here to serve And do my ministry to those who eat of my wide table All this is mine yet I must serve & that Prophetic boy Must grow up to command his Prince but hear my determind Decree Vala shall become a Worm in Enitharmons Wombt Laying her seed upon the fibres soon to issue forth And Luvah in the loins of Los a dark & furious death

Alas for me! what will become of me at that dread time? Ahania bow'd her head & wept seven days before the King And on the eighth day when his clouds unfolded from his throne She rais'd her bright head sweet perfumd & thus with heavenly voice

O Prince the Eternal One hath set thee leader of his hosts

[ page 39 (III 30-47) ]

Leave all futurity to him Resume thy fields of Lightt Why didst thou listen to the voice of Luvah that dread morn To give the immortal steeds of light to his deceitful hands No longer now obedient to thy will thou art compell'd	 To forge the curbs of iron & brass to build the iron mangers	5 To feed them with intoxication from the wine presses of Luvah Till the Divine Vision & Fruition is quite obliterated They call thy lions to the fields of blood, they rowze thy tygers Out of the halls of justice, till these dens thy wisdom framd Golden & beautiful but O how unlike those sweet fields of bliss Where liberty was justice & eternal science was mercy Then O my dear lord listen to Ahania, listen to the vision The vision of Ahania in the slumbers of Urizen When Urizen slept in the porch & the Ancient Man was smittent

The Darkning Man walkd on the steps of fire before his halls And Vala walkd with him in dreams of soft deluding slumber He looked up & saw thee Prince of Light thy splendor faded But saw not Los nor Enitharmon for Luvah hid them in shadow

[ page 40 (III 48-66) ]

In a soft cloud Outstretch'd across, & Luvah dwelt in the cloud Then Man ascended mourning into the splendors of his palace Above him rose a Shadow from his wearied intellect Of living gold, pure, perfect, holy; in white linen pure he hover'd	 A sweet entrancing self delusion, a watry vision of Man Soft exulting in existence all the Man absorbing Man fell upon his face prostrate before the watry shadow Saying O Lord whence is this change thou knowest I am nothing And Vala trembled & coverd her face, & her locks. were spread on the pavement I heard astonishd at the Vision & my heart trembled within me I heard the voice of the Slumberous Man & thus he spoke Idolatrous to his own Shadow words of Eternity uttering O I am nothing when I enter into judgment with thee If thou withdraw thy breath I die & vanish into Hades If thou dost lay thine hand upon me behold I am silent If thou withhold thine hand I perish like a fallen leaf O I am nothing & to nothing must return again If thou withdraw thy breath, behold I am oblivion He ceasd: the shadowy voice was silent; but the cloud hoverd over their heads

[ page 41 (III 67-84)]

In golden wreathes, the sorrow of Man & the balmy drops fell down And Lo that Son of Man, that shadowy Spirit of the Fallen One Luvah, descended from the cloud; In terror Albion rose- Indignant rose the Awful Man & turnd his back on Vala Why roll thy clouds in sick'ning mists. I can no longer hide	5 The dismal vision of mine Eyes, O love & life & light! Prophetic dreads urge me to speak. futurity is before me Like a dark lamp. Eternal death haunts all my expectation Rent from Eternal Brotherhood we die & are no more I heard the Voice of Albion starting from his sleep “Whence is this voice crying Enion that soundeth in my ears O cruel pity! O dark deceit! can Love seek for dominion And Luvah strove to gain dominion over the mighty Albion They strove together above the Body where Vala was inclos'd	 And the dark Body of Albion left prostrate upon the crystal pavement Coverd with boils from head to foot. the terrible smitings of Luvah Then frownd the Fallen Man & put forth Luvah from his presence (I heard him: frown not Urizen: but listen to my Vision) [ page 42 (III 85-108) ]

Saying, Go & die the Death of Man for Vala the sweet wanderer I will turn the volutions of your Ears outward; & bend your Nostrils Downward; & your fluxile Eyes englob'd, roll round in fear Your withring Lips & Tongue shrink up into a narrow circle Till into narrow forms you creep. Go take your fiery way And learn what 'tis to absorb the Man you Spirits of Pity & Love O Urizen why art thou pale at the visions of Ahania Listen to her who loves thee lest we also are driven away. They heard the Voice & fled swift as the winters setting sun And now the Human Blood foamd high, I saw that Luvah & Vala Went down the Human Heart where Paradise & its joys abounded In jealous fears in fury & rage, & flames roll'd round their fervid feet And the vast form of Nature like a Serpent play'd before them And as they went in folding fires & thunders of the deep Vala shrunk in like the dark sea that leaves its slimy banks And from her bosom Luvah fell far as the east & west And the vast form of Nature like a Serpent roll'd between. She ended. for [from] his wrathful throne burst forth the black hail storm Am I not God said Urizen. Who is Equal to me Do I not stretch the heavens abroad or fold them up like a garment	20 He spoke mustering his heavy clouds around him black opake

[ page 43 (III 109-39) ]

Then thunders rolld around & lightnings darted to & fro His visage changd to darkness & his strong right hand came forth To cast Ahania to the Earth be siezd her by the hair And threw her from the steps of ice that froze around his throne Saying Art thou also become like Vala. thus I cast thee out Shall the feminine indolent bliss. the indulgent self of weariness The passive idle sleep the enormous night & darkness of Death Set herself up to give her laws to the active masculine virtue Thou little diminutive portion that darst be a counterpart Thy passivity thy laws of obedience & insincerity Are my abhorrence. Wherefore hast thou taken that fair form Whence is this power given to thee! once thou wast in my breast A sluggish current of dim waters. on whose verdant margin A cavern shaggd with horrid shades. dark cool & deadly. where I laid my head in the hot noon after the broken clods Had wearied me. there I laid my plow & there my horses fed And thou hast risen with thy moist locks into a watry image Reflecting all my indolence my weakness & my death To weigh me down beneath the grave into non Entity Where Luvah strives scorned by Vala age after age wandering Shrinking & shrinking from her Lord & calling him the Tempter And art thou also become like Vala thus I cast thee out. So loud in thunders spoke the King folded in dark despair And threw Ahania from his bosom obdurate She fell like lightning Then fled the sons of Urizen from his thunderous throne petrific They fled to East & West & left the North & South of Heaven A crash ran thro the immense The bounds of Destiny were broken The bounds of Destiny crashd direful & the swelling Sea Burst from its bonds in whirlpools fierce roaring with Human voice Triumphing even to the Stars at bright Ahanias fall Down from the dismal North the Prince in thunders & thick clouds

[ page 44 (III 140-67) ]

As when the thunderbolt down falleth on the appointed place Fell down down rushing ruining thundering shuddering Into the Caverns of the Grave & places of Human Seed Where the impressions of Despair & Hope enroot forever A world of Darkness. Ahania fell far into Non Entity	5 She Continued falling. Loud the Crash continud loud & Hoarse From the Crash roared a flame of blue sulphureous fire from the flame A dolorous groan that struck with dumbness all confusion Swallowing up the horrible din in agony on agony Thro the Confusion like a crack across from immense to immense Loud strong a universal groan of death louder Than all the wracking elements deafend & rended worse Than Urizen & all his hosts in curst despair down rushing But from the Dolorous Groan one like a shadow of smoke appeard And human bones rattling together in the smoke & stamping The nether Abyss & gnasshing in fierce despair. panting in sobs Thick short incessant bursting sobbing. deep despairing stamping struggling Struggling to utter the voice of Man struggling to take the features of Man. Struggling To take the limbs of Man at length emerging from the smoke Of Urizen dashed in pieces from his precipitant fall Tharms reard up his hands & stood on the affrighted Ocean The dead reard up his Voice & stood on the resounding shore Crying. Fury in my limbs. destruction in my bones & marrow My skull riven into filaments. my eyes into sea jellies Floating upon the tide wander bubbling & bubbling Uttering my lamentations & begetting little monsters Who sit mocking upon the little pebbles of the tide In all my rivers & on dried shells that the fish [ page 45 (III 168-99) ]

Have quite forsaken. O fool fool to lose my sweetest bliss Where art thou Enion ah too near to cunning too far off And yet too near. Dashd down I send thee into distant darkness Far as my strength can hurl thee wander there & laugh & play Among the frozen arrows they will tear thy tender flesh Fall off afar from Tharmas come not too near my strong fury Scream & fall off & laugh at Tharmas lovely summer beauty Till winter rends thee into Shivers as thou hast rended me So Tharmas bellowd oer the ocean thundring sobbing bursting The bounds of Destiny were broken & hatred now began Instead of love to Enion. Enion blind & age bent Plungd into the cold billows living a life in midst of waters In terrors she witherd away to Entuthon Benithon A world of deep darkness where all things in horrors are rooted These are the words of Enion heard from the cold waves of despair O Tharmas I had lost thee. & when I hoped I had found thee O Tharmas do not thou destroy me quite but let A little shadow. but a little showery form of Enion Be near thee loved Terror. let me still remain & then do thou Thy righteous doom upon me. only let me hear thy voice Driven by thy rage I wander like a cloud into the deep Where never yet Existence came, there losing all my life I back return weaker & weaker, consume me not away In thy great wrath. tho I have sinned. tho I have rebelld Make me not like the things forgotten as they had not been Make not the thing that loveth thee. a tear wiped away Tharmas replied riding on storms his voice of Thunder rolld Image of grief thy fading lineaments make my eyelids fail What have I done! both rage & mercy are alike to me Looking upon thee Image of faint waters. I recoil From my fierce rage into thy semblance. Enion return Why does thy piteous face Evanish like a rainy cloud

[ page 46 (III 200-11) ]

Melting. a shower of falling tears. nothing but tears! Enion: Substanceless. voiceless, weeping. vanishd. nothing but tears! Enion Art thou for ever vanishd from the watry eyes of Tharmas Rage Rage shall never from my bosom. winds & waters of woe Consuming all to the end consuming Love and Hope are ended For now no more remaind of Enion in the dismal air Only a voice eternal wailing in the Elements Where Enion, blind & age bent wanderd Ahania wanders now She wanders in Eternal fear of falling into the indefinite For her bright eyes behold the Abyss. sometimes a little sleep Weighs down her eyelids then she falls then starting wakes in fears Sleepless to wander round repelld on the margin of Non Entity

End of the Third Night

title: Vala, or The Four Zoas/Night the Third


text: User talk:68.50.149.3

title: User talk:68.50.149.3


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 in nest building than the adults. The materials used are not only different but the nest is quite often swung loosely to the twigs above, so that it is at the mercy of every wind. The material used by the young birds for the construction of the nest is mostly coarse vegetable fibre and they seldom line their first home. The older birds, however, discover that twine, horsehair etc. make a much stronger and neater wall for their home and also that fluffy chicken feathers and bits of cotton batting are excellent lining. They are quite expert in concealing their nest by bringing down green leaves and tying them about the outside. This is so well done that to a casual observer it would appear only as a thick bunch of foliage. The older birds often do most excellent weaving and I have taken one nest composed entirely of horeshair, the sides being as smooth as a piece of camel's-hair goods. This nest is heart-shaped and has a circular opening at one side of the top, which has a diameter of only 1.65 inches, hardly large enough to admit the birds. The nest is four inches deep and four inches across inside, and is lined with soft chicken feathers and cotton batting. The quills of the feathers are pushed through the sides of the nest so that they will keep their places.

Until the season of '97 I have never known the Bullock's Oriole to use palm-fiber in the construction of its home, but I found a nest May 11,in a peach tree, composed entirely of this fiber. It was well lined with chicken feathers and placed between several small branches. A pair of Bullock's Orioles built a nest this year in an almond tree near the porch, and I had an excellent opportunity to watch them while they were at work. The place chosen was in a wide fork between four small branches. Both birds worked on the nest and as soon as they had loosely formed the walls or framework, one of them worked inside and the other outside. The latter would bring a horse-hair or a piece of twine in its beak and pass the end through the wall of the nest to his mate inside who took the end and passed it out again through another place. In this way the nest was soon woven quite smooth and looked as if it had been made with a darning needle by hand. This nest is very peculiar in shape, the sides being woven to the surrounding twigs which makes the opening at the top very large and causes the nest to look like a double one. The opening is six inches long and three inches wide and the nest is five inches deep inside. It is difficult to find two nests of the Bullocks' Oriole alike in shape or material, as they use almost anything they can find in the way of fiber.

The nests of the Arizona Hooded Oriole on the other hand are very much alike, and I have never found one made of other material than the palm- fiber. The locations, too, are similar, a tree with large leaves being usually selected and a favorite position is under the broad, corrugated leaves of the palm. These form an excellent shelter from both rain and sun. They drill holes through the thick leaves with their sharp, slender beaks and tie the nest to them with palm-fiber. Often the first is hung between several leaves such as those of the fig tree, when holes are cut and the palm-fibers laced in and out through them, thus drawing the leaves together to form the outside of the nest. The leaves not only aid in the nest structure but also form the best possible concealment. An average nest of Arizona Hooded Oriole is 3.50 inches deep and 2.50 inches wide inside measurements, whi!e the outside is about four inches deep and four across. Nests of both the Bullock's and Arizona Hooded Orioles are frequently taken possession of by House Finches, sometimes even before the orioles have finished them, but more often after they are deserted. When the House Finches take possession of the nest they re-line it with

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Page:In defense of Harriet Shelley, and other essays.djvu/118

 MARK TWAIN no idea he'd been doin any more'n any frog might do. You never see a frog so modest and straightforward as he was, for all he was so gifted. And when it come to fair and square jumping on a dead level, he could get over more ground at one straddle than any animal of his breed you ever see. Jumping on a dead level was his strong suit, you understand; and when it came to that, Smiley would ante up money on him as long as he had a red. Smiley was monstrous proud of his frog, and well he might be, for fellers that had traveled and been everywheres all said he laid over any frog that ever they see.

Well, Smiley kep' the beast in a little lattice box, and he used to fetch him down-town sometimes and lay for a bet. One day a feller—a stranger in the camp, he was—come acrost him with his box, and says:

"What might it be that you've got in the box?""

And Smiley says, sorter indifferent-like, "It might be a parrot, or it might be a canary, maybe, but it ain't—it's only just a frog."

And the feller took it, and looked at it careful, and turned it round this way and that, and says, "H'm—so 'tis. Well, what's he good for?"

"Well," Smiley says, easy and careless, "he's good enough for one thing, I should judge—he can out jump any frog in Calaveras County."

The feller took the box again and took another long, particular look, and gave it back to Smiley, and says, very deliberate, "Well," he says, "I don't see no p'ints about that frog that's any better'n any other frog."

"Maybe you don't," Smiley says. "Maybe you understand frogs and maybe you don t understand em; maybe you've had experience, and maybe you ain't only a amature, as it were. Anyways, I've got my opinion, and I'll resk forty dollars that he can out jump any frog in Calaveras County."

And the feller studies a minute, and then says, kinder sad-like, "Well, I'm only a stranger here, and I ain t got no frog, but if I had a frog I d bet you."

And then Smiley says: "That s all right—that's all right—if you'll hold my box a minute, I'll go and get you a frog." And so the feller took the box and put up his forty dollars along with Smiley's and set down to wait.

So he set there a good while thinking and thinking to hisself, and then he got the frog out and prized his mouth open and took 104


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 Saturday is the only available day and magnificent distances must be traversed in this region to cover the ground, two sets of this species may represent a fair day's work. I am disposed to make the statement even stronger, for the following Saturday was spent in a fruitless tramp up one "coulee" and down another, a gentle blizzard prevailing most of the time; and upon my return, worn and weary, I passed most of the following evening reading about the taking of Horned Owl's eggs and congratulating myself that the excursion of the previous Saturday had resulted so satisfactorily. Early in the morning of March 16, we set out for a drive along the creek which hurries through our home town, forming a narrow bottom, set here and there with cottonwoods overtopping the haw and willow thickets. Most of the hawk's nests along our route were well-known to me, and this fact presented a well defined method of procedure,- the inspection of all the old nests within reach that day. Owing to the heavy condition of the roads and other hindering circumstances, about eleven o'clock we found ourselves not more than ten miles from home, but near a promising grove containing a nest that formed a huge black spot among the naked branches of the cottonwood clump. We approached the place with that indefinable feeling known only to the egg-crank when he is nearing what mav be a good thing but is yet of doubtful outcome, anticipation crowding to the front only to be met by the ghost of disappointment. But see! there on the rim of the nest stands the lord of the household, and above the dark outline of the structure projects the tell tale tufts of the sitting house-wife. A moment later we can see her eyes staring upon us with angry defiance, and her plumicorns flutter in the wind as she raises her head to glare upon the intruders of the wildwood premises. Alarmed at the invasion, the male drops downward and flaps down the creek, and in another moment the female deserts her home and flies across the stream to another grove, leaving us master of the situation. The nest was in a triple crotch in the main part of the tree, which was a medium-sized cottonwood (medium- sized for Montana, not Illinois), the lover half of which was thickly grown with sprouts and deadened branches. One of the boys ascended to the nest, while I occupied the anxious seat and gave sundry directions to the climber. In a short time he drew himself up over the nest and shouted, "Four eggs, bigger than hen-eggs." Giving him repeated suggestions regarding the packing and lowering of the eggs, I danced around upon the ground below, until presently I reached up and grasped the lard pail containing the treasures. Ah, what relief when the spoils were placed safelv beside the lunch basket, and the notes hastily jotted in my tablet! A chip was knotted into the chalk-line at the brim of the nest, and when measured with a five foot tape line showed a height of thirty-two feet nine inches from the ground. The nest was one of last season's use by either Swainson's Hawk or the Ferruginous Rough-leg, and had been prepared by a scant supply of downy feathers, probably furnished by the present occupants of the nest. The next objective point was a nest about three miles back toward home: Having eaten our lunch, we turned and followed the water course until we reached the second nest, which like the first was a conspicuous mark, being in a lone cottonwood leaning directly over the water. Riding forward with the mad gallop common to Montana cowboys, the boys returned and announced, "She's on there all right. Them horns give her away." Sure enough, there sat the angered mistress of the Bubo mansion, with head reared to face the unusual visitors. This Mrs. Bubo required more demonstration to cause her to desert her home, but when the climber began to scratch among the

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 their own characteristic building material.

The orioles are very beneficial to the horticulturist, although they eat some early fruit such as berries, cherries etc., but no fruit man will begrudge them these if he thoroughly understands their habits. The chief food of the orioles consists of insects and injurious caterpillars, and I have often watched them while they were searching among the branches for this latter food. They are particularly fond of a small green caterpiller that destroyed the foliage of the prune trees a few years ago. The orioles are often seen in the berry patches but they are usually in search of insects as is proven by the examination of a great number of stomachs.

Notes on Some Little-known Birds of Southern California.
BY EDMUND HELLER.

Colymbus auritus. Horned Grebe. A few were seen on a small lake near Riverside in the winter of 1893. One of these was secured. None have been observed there since.

Sterna forsteri. Forster Tern. Found common at Elsinore Lake, June 2, 1896. Said to breed by a local collector. Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis. Black Tern. Observed at Elsinore Lake, June 2, 1896. Less common than the Forster Tern, but also said to breed. Steganopus tricolor. Wilson Phalarope. One specimen obtained at Riverside in the winter of 1891. Totanus flavipes. Yellow-legs. Noted twice at Riverside during the fall migration.

Totanus raelanoleucus. Greater Yellow-legs. A common migrant at Riverside. Lophortyx gambeli. Gambel Partridge. Found fairly common in May,1896, at Warren's Wells, a small station on the Mojave Desert at the south-eastern base of the San Bernardino Mountains.

Melopelia leucoptera. White-winged Dove. While at Warren's Wells the miners told me of a white-winged dove which occured at Twenty-nine Palms, a station some thirty miles farther east. From their description I judged it to be this species. If correct future exploration should prove its presence, which would make an addition to the list of California birds. Haliaeetus leucocephalus. Bald Eagle. I was assured by a local collector, that a pair of Bald Eagles had nested for a number of years near Elsinore Lake.

Dryobates scalaris bairdi. Texas Woodpecker. Several collected at Warren's Wells on the Mojave Desert in May, 1896.

Dryobates scalaris lucasanus. Saint Lucas Woodpecker. Found common at Whitewater at the head of the Colorado Desert in May, 1896. One secured at Riverside in April,1895.

Harporhynchus bendirei. Bendire Thrasher. Found fairly common in May, 1896, at Warren's Wells, where this species was more numerous than A. lecotei, which also occured. Specimens were secured.

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text: Executive Order/1862

title: Executive Order/1862