text:
Infantry, Part I: Regular Army /The War in Vietnam

 * The War in Vietnam

 * The first U.S. infantry combat units arrived in Vietnam in May 1965. They were the 1st and 2nd Battalions, 503rd Infantry, elements of the 173rd Airborne Brigade, previously stationed on Okinawa. These units were joined in July by three battalions from the 1st Infantry Division and three battalions from the 101st Airborne Division, and in September by eight battalions of the 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile). The infantry battalions organic to the 173rd Airborne Brigade and the 101st Airborne Division were airborne, those assigned to the 1st Infantry Division were standard infantry, while the elements of the 1st Cavalry Division were a new type of unit called "airmobile." Although the airmobile infantry battalions had no organic aircraft, the division was authorized 428 helicopters, enough to give all of its elements tactical mobility by air.

 * Military strategists had long dreamed of airmobile units that would introduce a true third dimension to the battlefield. The first practical application of the airmobile concept, the organization of the 11th Air Assault Division, was made possible by the great strides of recent years in the design, production, and doctrine of employment of the helicopter Elements of this test division were activated at Fort Benning, Georgia, starting in February 1963 as a result of the recommendations of the U.S. Army Tactical Mobility Requirement Board, more commonly known as the Howze Board after its chairman, Lt. Gen. Hamilton H. Howze. Following more than two years of testing and evaluation, the Secretary of Defense approved the creation of a combat ready airmobile division. The 1st Cavalry Division was selected. It was transferred less personnel and equipment from Korea to Fort Benning and was reorganized as airmobile on 1 July 1965. With the formation of this division the Army acquired a new way of bringing the infantry and other ground troops in contact with the enemy. One of the major goals of the ROAD reorganization had been to furnish appropriate tactical mobility to combat units in different geographical areas. The development of airmobile units was another example of ROAD's continuing flexibility. Since in Vietnam the use of ground vehicles was severely limited by terrain, the new airmobile division was ideally suited for employment there.

 * Probably the most significant innovation of the war was the largescale use of helicopters in general and of airmobile combat units in particular. All units in Vietnam depended heavily on the helicopter for aerial reconnaissance, medical evacuation, and resupply, as well as rapid transportation into and out of otherwise inaccessible areas. Helicopters used by the infantry were Army not Air Force aircraft and, as such, were more responsive to the needs of the units. The infantry in turn quickly adjusted to airmobile operations. Although all types of infantry units were regularly transported by helicopter, the airmobile division was the only infantry organization that could move all of its elements with its own organic aircraft.

 * Airmobile units were capable of moving rapidly and directly to their objective regardless of terrain obstacles or enemy troop concentrations. Responding swiftly to changes in the tactical situation, they could break off action at one point and fly quickly in any direction to fight at another point or disperse to widely separated bases. Characterized by speed, surprise, maneuverability, and aggressiveness, the airmobile assault proved to be a highly successful offensive technique. In terrain such as that of Southeast Asia, it was a great improvement over airborne assault techniques developed in World War II. Except for one jump by elements of the 173rd Airborne Brigade on 22 February 1967, no combat parachute drops were made by U.S. Army units in Vietnam, whereas literally thousands of helicopter missions took place. On 1 July 1968, therefore, the 101st Airborne Division was reorganized as airmobile. Although the division base was significantly changed in the process of airmobilization, this was not a major reorganization for the ten airborne infantry battalions assigned to the division. By that time their structure had already been standardized under Modification Tables of Organization and Equipment (MTOE's) for light infantry battalions.

 * When the buildup of U.S. troops in Vietnam began in 1965, infantry units in general were organized under the ROAD tables of 15 July and 15 August 1963. Shortly thereafter a new series of infantry TOE's was published. These tables were prepared under the direction of the U.S. Army Combat Developments Command, which had been created during the 1962 reorganization of the Department of the Army. The new command took over the responsibility for development and processing of TOE's from the Continental Army Command (CONARC), but training of infantry units and supervision of the Infantry School remained CONARC functions. The standard and mechanized infantry tables were dated 31 March 1966, while the airborne infantry had two sets of tables, dated 30 June 1965 and 30 June 1966. These TOE's added an air defense section to the headquarters company of all three types of battalions, which was organized to use the new Redeye guided missile system (a manportable, shoulder-fired, low altitude, antiaircraft weapon). The Davy Crockett section augmentation was eliminated from the battalions, but in February 1967 a tentative test TOE for a separate infantry Davy Crockett platoon was published. Its primary mission was to provide close-in nuclear fire support for the maneuver battalions of a division or brigade. Since this was a test TOE, units were to be organized under it only when specifically directed.

 * The number of personnel in airborne units was reduced by the 1965 and 1966 TOE's, and lighter equipment was authorized for them. The battalion's antitank weapon was changed from the ENTAC to the 106-mm. recoilless rifle, which in turn was to be replaced by the TOW (Tube-launched, Optically-tracked, Wireguided) missile system as soon as it became available. A new individual rifle, the lightweight M16, was also authorized for airborne infantrymen. All three types of infantry battalions-standard, mechanized, and airborne-retained the ROAD structure of a headquarters and headquarters company and three rifle companies.

 * Meanwhile, test TOE's had been prepared by the Combat Developments Command for two new types of infantry units, the airmobile battalion organic to the airmobile division and a special infantry battalion which was to be assigned to light infantry divisions and separate light infantry brigades. With authorized strengths of 767 and 769, respectively, these units were smaller than the regular infantry battalion of 849 men Both battalions had a headquarters and headquarters company, three rifle companies, and a combat support company consisting of a mortar platoon equipped with 81-mm. mortars, a reconnaissance platoon, and an antitank platoon armed with 106-mm. recoilless rifles. The rifle companies in both battalions had three rifle platoons supported by an 81-mm. mortar platoon, and the rifle squads consisted of ten men. The basic individual weapon in the light infantry battalion was the M14 rifle, while the airmobile unit was authorized M16 rifles. The new battalions had fewer telephones and radios than other infantry units and the number of vehicles, particularly in the airmobile battalion, was considerably smaller than in the standard infantry battalion.

 * Regular infantry units, serving in Vietnam did not use all of their authorized heavy weapons and equipment. As a rule, most of their vehicles and weapons like ENTAC's, 4.2-inch mortars, and 106-mm. recoilless rifles were left behind either in storage or in base camps while the units were in the field. Although 90mm. recoilless rifles and 81-mm. mortars were employed much more frequently than their more powerful and heavier counterparts, a rifle company rarely carried its full TOE complement of these weapons on operations and often used the much lighter LAW instead of the 90-mm. recoilless rifle. The resulting loss in firepower was offset by a corresponding gain in mobility and a decrease in fatigue among the soldiers. Transporting heavy equipment in most parts of Vietnam was a very difficult procedure, while excellent air and artillery support was readily available. Infantrymen, therefore, were not reluctant to leave some of their own fire support weapons behind. Since the enemy did not employ heavy armored forces, certain heavy weapons (notably the big antitank missiles and 106-mm. recoilless rifles) were used rarely or not at all, simply because they were not needed.

 * Personnel who would normally man the heavier infantry weapons were frequently used to make up a small fourth rifle company within the battalion. This unit served as a command post security force and as an emergency reserve, thereby giving the, battalion commander three maneuver companies and additional flexibility in the employment of the battalion. Since this provisional extra company was so common, and it increased the capabilities of the battalion significantly, official permission was given to all infantry battalions in Vietnam to organize such units on a permanent basis. Battalions stationed elsewhere were not authorized the additional company. This variation from the basic TOE structure was approved by MTOE's prepared under the direction of the Commander in Chief, United States Army, Pacific. Such tables were published from time to time by the major Army commands to make appropriate changes for particular units necessary to meet certain requirements without altering the basic TOE for other units of the same type. Another change approved by MTOE's was the addition of a separate combat support company to standard and airborne infantry battalions. Only those battalions that were stationed in or scheduled to be deployed to Vietnam were permitted to have this extra company, which was similar to the one in airmobile and light infantry units.

 * Gradually all infantry battalions in Vietnam, with the exception of mechanized and riverine units, were reorganized under modifications of the light infantry battalion TOE with a headquarters and headquarters company, four rifle companies, a combat support company, and a total authorized strength of 920. Eventually the organizational modifications adopted in Vietnam were also recommended as changes to the basic infantry TOE's. One suggestion was to remove the mortar, reconnaissance, and antitank platoons and the ground surveillance and air defense sections from the headquarters company of the infantry battalion and to organize them into a separate combat support company, leaving only the administrative and service support elements in the new headquarters company. Another suggestion was to authorize a fourth rifle company for the infantry battalion in wartime, but to retain the three-company structure in peacetime. By the, end of 1969 this recommendation was still under study by the Army Staff, but TOE's were already being prepared for the new headquarters and combat support companies.

 * Although few mechanized infantry units were sent to Vietnam, those that served there operated effectively wherever the terrain permitted. They were equipped with M113 and M113A1 armored personnel carriers, which were sometimes employed as fighting vehicles in a tank-like role. The mechanized battalion was modified to include a smaller fourth rifle company, but a separate combat support company was not authorized. Mechanized infantry battalions located outside of Vietnam were organized with three rifle companies, as provided by the basic TOE.

 * Units from the 9th Infantry Division, together with a Navy task force, created the Mobile Riverine Force which operated in the Mekong Deltaa low and flat region with innumerable canals, rivers, swamps, and inundated rice paddies, almost completely inaccessible to ground troops, especially during the long monsoon season. Riverine infantry units fought as regular infantry but lived on barrack ships and were transported by specially modified landing craft, known as armored troop carriers. They received fire support from Navy gunboats as well as from Army artillery mounted on barges.

 * Since there were no clearly defined front lines and it was difficult to find and fix the enemy without running the risk of falling into an ambush, reconnaissance, intelligence, and patrolling became particularly important in Vietnam. Although all units took part in such operations, specialized infantry units were also organized to carry out certain types of missions. Among them were scout dog platoons and combat tracker teams-both of which used dogs to detect the presence of enemy troops-and long range reconnaissance patrols (LRRP's), also called long range patrols (LRP's) . LRP's were small teams specially trained to penetrate deep into enemy-held territory. From there they reported detailed, accurate, and timely information concerning troop concentrations, installations, and activities needed for planning future operations, or they called in and adjusted artillery fire or air strikes.

 * Infantry long range patrol companies, having twenty-four patrols of five men each, were first assigned on the basis of one per corps or field force, while within divisions LRRP missions were performed by provisional detachments or platoons. Starting in late 1967, a LRP company was attached to each division in Vietnam and eventually to each separate brigade. The number of companies continued to increase and by the end of 1968 about half of all separate infantry companies in the active Army were long range patrol units. They were elements of various different regiments and had no common numerical designation or historical connection with each other until 1 January 1969. On that day the 75th Infantry, the famous "Merrill's Marauders" of World War II, was reorganized under CARS and became the parent regiment for LRP units. At the same time the parenthetical designation of the companies was changed from LRP to ranger, although their long range patrol mission remained unchanged.

 * The importance of small units in Vietnam was not limited to such specialized organizations as long range patrols, scout dog platoons, combat tracker teams, or Special Forces detachments. Regular infantry contacts with the enemy were frequently made at the squad and platoon level. Small unit actions were typical and often decisive. As a result, the war in Vietnam has often been called a platoon leader's war. Most major operations were conducted on the brigade level with varying numbers of maneuver elements attached for specific missions in accordance with the ROAD principle of tailored brigades. Vietnam was the first test of the ROAD organization under actual combat conditions, and the system proved its flexibility by adapting quickly to a difficult terrain and an elusive enemy in a war with many unconventional aspects.

 * The most popular infantry weapons in Vietnam were the lightest ones. Among them were the M79 grenade launcher, the LAW, and the Claymore antipersonnel mine. The mine, which scattered hundreds of steel fragments in a fan-shaped pattern, could be deliberately detonated by the operator or concealed and left to be activated by trip wire. As its official field manual stated, the number of ways in which the Claymore might be employed was limited only by the imagination of the user. Another widely used weapon was the. M60 machine gun.

 * There was also the new M16 rifle. The rifle itself weighed 6.5 pounds and its firing weight, including a shoulder sling and a fully loaded 20-round magazine, was only 7.6 pounds. The M16 used 5.56-mm. (.223-caliber) ammunition. A clothespin-type bipod and a 6-inch bayonet were issued with the rifle. Having a muzzle velocity of approximately 3,150 feet per second and an average cyclic rate of fire of 750 rounds per minute, the M16 was particularly effective at short ranges. It was less accurate and less effective than the M14 at long ranges and, unlike the M14, did not fire standard NATO ammunition. However, its light weight and lethal close-in effectiveness made the M16 an ideal weapon in terrain such as Vietnam's. Although originally adopted for limited use by Special Forces and airborne troops, the M16 was soon authorized for all infantry units in Southeast Asia. In mid-1967 it was standardized for general Army distribution in addition to the M14 rifle, which continued to be used by most infantrymen stationed outside of Vietnam.

 * Meanwhile, the manufacturers of the M16 were developing an entire family of 5.56-mm. weapons to supplement the M16 rifle. These included a carbine, a submachine gun, a, very light survival rifle, a heavy assault rifle, and several machine guns, as well as a 40-mm. grenade launcher attachment for the M16. By late 1968, the submachine gun was being authorized for selected infantry units, such as long range patrol companies and combat tracker platoons. A completely new kind of weapon called SPIW (Special Purpose Individual Weapon) was also in the process of development. The new SPIW may combine the capabilities of a rifle, a controlled pattern shotgun, and a light mortar. It could be designed to fire a single medium-sized dart, a cluster of small darts, a microcaliber bullet, or a high explosive round. Many military experts predicted that the SPIW, or something like it, would become the basic infantry weapon of the future. By the end of 1969, however, the SPIW was still purely experimental, and no such weapon was available to the infantryman fighting in Vietnam.

 * Infantry strength in Vietnam had increased gradually as the war escalated. By mid1969, when the eleventh official campaign was being fought and just before the first phase in the withdrawal of U.S. troops began, there were seven divisions and four brigades in Vietnam. To make this large scale deployment possible without moving units from Europe and Korea or reducing the strategic reserve to a dangerously low level, the overall strength of the Army and the infantry had been built up. Between June 1964 and June 1969 the number of divisions in the active Army grew from sixteen to eighteen, while brigades increased from seven to eleven.

 * Two of the brigades were federalized Army National Guard units, the 29th Infantry Brigade from Hawaii and the 69th Infantry Brigade from Kansas. They were ordered into active Federal service on 18 May 1968, as a result of the Pueblo crisis and the Tet offensive earlier that year. Only two of the three organic infantry battalions from the 69th were called up, but the 2nd Battalion, 133rd Infantry, from Iowa was also federalized and joined the brigade at Fort Carson, Colorado. At the same time the 100th Battalion, 442nd Infantry, a Hawaiian Army Reserve unit, was called to active duty and attached to the 29th Infantry Brigade at Schofield Barracks, Hawaii. One other infantry unit was federalizedCompany D, 151st Infantry, from Indiana. After training at Fort Benning, Georgia, this long range patrol company served in Vietnam for eleven months. It was the only infantry organization from the reserve components to participate in the war.

 * In the second half of 1969 the number of infantry units started to decline for the first time since the Vietnam buildup began. President Richard M. Nixon's decision to withdraw U.S. forces gradually from Southeast Asia was accompanied by a plan to reduce the strength of the Army. Among the first units to be redeployed were six infantry battalions organic to the 9th Infantry Division. They left Vietnam in July and August 1969, and were inactivated in August and September at Fort Riley, Kansas, and Schofield Barracks, Hawaii. By mid-December 1969, all infantry units from the reserve components had been released and reorganized at their home stations. Meanwhile, the second increment of organizations scheduled for redeployment was in the process of leaving Vietnam.

 * Although airmobile and light infantry units were most common in Vietnam, other types of infantry were not neglected elsewhere during the late 1960's. Only a handful of mechanized units went to Vietnam, but numerous mechanized infantry battalions were assigned to mechanized and armored divisions in Europe and in the United States. Most airborne personnel in Vietnam lost their jump pay, because their units did not have the opportunity to utilize their unique capabilities, but the airborne battalions in the strategic reserve proved their constant readiness in various emergencies, such as the 1965 Dominican Republic crisis and several domestic civil disturbances. In spite of the heavy infantry commitment in Vietnam, as the decade of the 1960's ended there were still infantry units stationed all over the world-in West Germany, Berlin, Korea, the Canal Zone, Alaska, and Hawaii, as well as in the continental United States. The Regular Army infantry was backed up by Army Reserve and Army National Guard infantry units which, although fewer in number, were better trained and equipped than ever before.

________________________________________
 * The infantry organizational structure existing in 1969 was well suited to the strategy and tactics of flexible response, but regardless of the great variety of infantry units, many of them highly specialized, the basic mission of the infantry remained unchanged. The infantryman of the future may be armed with the SPIW, may wear a spacesuit-like uniform with a built-in two-way radio, and may be transported by his own individual jet propulsion system. Nevertheless, his job will continue to be essentially the same as it has been since 14 June 1775, the birthday of the United States infantry and of the United States Army-to close with and destroy the enemy.

 * page created 10 September 2001


text:
Page:Poems, Volume 1, Coates, 1916.djvu/235

HOU lonely, dew-wet mountain road,

Traversed by toiling feet each day,

What rare enchantment maketh thee

Appear so gay?

Thy sentinels, on either hand

Rise tamarack, birch, and balsam-fir,

O'er the familiar shrubs that greet

The wayfarer;

But here's a magic cometh new—

A joy to gladden thee, indeed:

This passionate out-flowering of

The jewel-weed,

That now, when days are growing drear,

As Summer dreams that she is old,

Hangs out a myriad pleasure-bells

Of mottled gold!

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Page:Poems, Volume 1, Coates, 1916.djvu/236

214 Thine only, these, thou lonely road!

Though hands that take, and naught restore,

Rob thee of other treasured things,

Thine these are, for

A fairy, cradled in each bloom,

To all who pass the charmèd spot

Whispers in warning: "Friend, admire,—

But touch me not!

Leave me to blossom where I sprung,

A joy untarnished shall I seem;

Pluck me, and you dispel the charm

And blur the dream!"


text: Poems (Coates 1916)/Volume I/Jewel-Weed

title: Poems (Coates 1916)/Volume I/Jewel-Weed


text:
Portal talk:Science

Project Longshot
Hello,

I validated the pages. Thanks, Yann (talk) 19:59, 17 November 2013 (UTC)

title: Portal talk:Science


text:
Portal:Chemistry

General

 * Heat-Its Role in Wildland Fire
 * Sceptical Chymist

Legislation

 * Code of Federal Regulations:
 * Chapter XVII, Part 1910, Subpart H
 * Chapter XVII, Part 1910, Subpart Z
 * Chapter I, Part 172

Articles

 * On the Discovery of the Elements as it appeared in the August 1872 Popular Science Monthly
 * A Glass of Water as it appeared in the October 1872 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Science vs the Art of Chemistry as it appeared in the April 1877 Popular Science Monthly
 * Fermentation and its Bearings on the Phenomena of Disease as it appeared in the December 1876 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Early History of Fire as it appeared in the November 1876 Popular Science Monthly
 * Matches as it appeared in the August 1877 Popular Science Monthly
 * A New Photographic Process as it appeared in the August 1878 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Radiometer: A Fresh Evidence of a Molecular Universe as it appeared in the May 1878 Popular Science Monthly
 * Artificial Precious Stones as it appeared in the September 1878 Popular Science Monthly
 * Explosions from Combustible Dust as it appeared in the December 1878 Popular Science Monthly
 * Fires and their Causes as it appeared in the March 1879 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Chemical Elements as it appeared in the March 1879 Popular Science Monthly
 * Chemistry in its Relations to Medicine as it appeared in the June 1879 Popular Science Monthly
 * On Radiant Matter II as it appeared in the December 1879 Popular Science Monthly
 * Ancient Methods of Filtration as it appeared in the February 1880 Popular Science Monthly
 * Water as Fuel as it appeared in the March 1880 Popular Science Monthly
 * Chemical Exercises for Ordinary Schools as it appeared in the August 1880 Popular Science Monthly
 * The New Chemistry, a Development of the Old as it appeared in the July 1880 Popular Science Monthly
 * Natural Production of Alcohol as it appeared in the June 1881 Popular Science Monthly
 * Evolution and the Spectroscope as it appeared in the January 1873 Popular Science Monthly
 * Smokeless Gunpowder as it appeared in the November 1872 Popular Science Monthly
 * Modern Explosives as it appeared in the April 1882 Popular Science Monthly
 * Borax in America as it appeared in the July 1882 Popular Science Monthly
 * Chemistry in High-Schools as it appeared in the June 1882 Popular Science Monthly
 * Explosions and Explosives as it appeared in the October 1882 Popular Science Monthly
 * Recent Advances in Photography as it appeared in the January 1883 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Chemistry of Cookery I as it appeared in the June 1883 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Chemistry of Cookery II as it appeared in the July 1883 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Chemistry of Cookery III as it appeared in the August 1883 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Chemistry of Cookery IV as it appeared in the September 1883 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Chemistry of Cookery V as it appeared in the October 1883 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Chemistry of Cookery VI as it appeared in the November 1883 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Chemistry of Cookery VII as it appeared in the December 1883 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Chemistry of Cookery VIII as it appeared in the January 1884 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Chemistry of Cookery IX as it appeared in the February 1884 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Chemistry of Cookery X as it appeared in the March 1884 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Chemistry of Cookery XI as it appeared in the April 1884 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Chemistry of Cookery XII as it appeared in the May 1884 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Chemistry of Cookery XIII as it appeared in the June 1884 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Chemistry of Cookery XIV as it appeared in the August 1884 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Chemistry of Cookery XV as it appeared in the September 1884 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Chemistry of Cookery XVI as it appeared in the October 1884 Popular Science Monthly
 * Chemistry and Pharmacy as it appeared in the May 1883 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Granule of Starch as it appeared in the September 1883 Popular Science Monthly
 * Coal and the Coal-Tar Colors as it appeared in the June 1884 Popular Science Monthly
 * Dangerous Kerosene and the Methods for its Detection as it appeared in the February 1884 Popular Science Monthly
 * A Powder-Mill Explosion as it appeared in the December 1873 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Future of Alchemy as it appeared in the March 1874 Popular Science Monthly
 * Priestley's Discovery of Oxygen Gas as it appeared in the August 1874 Popular Science Monthly
 * A New Process for the Preservation of Wood as it appeared in the June 1874 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Atmosphere as an Anvil as it appeared in the June 1874 Popular Science Monthly
 * Synthetic Chemistry as it appeared in the May 1874 Popular Science Monthly
 * Recent Researches in Photography as it appeared in the October 1874 Popular Science Monthly
 * Manufacture and Conveyance of Gunpowder as it appeared in the April 1875 Popular Science Monthly
 * Odors and Life as it appeared in the December 1874 Popular Science Monthly
 * Celestial Chemistry as it appeared in the February 1875 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Future of Chemistry as it appeared in the January 1875 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Chemical Radiations as it appeared in the May 1875 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Artificial Preparation of Organic Bodies as it appeared in the October 1875 Popular Science Monthly
 * Prince Rupert's Drops as it appeared in the January 1876 Popular Science Monthly

Lectures

 * On Radiation, Rede lecture, 1865 by John Tyndall

National Chemistry Week

 * Adrian Smith: Supporting the Goals and Ideals of National Chemistry Week (2007)
 * Boehlert: National Chemistry Week (1999)
 * Borski: National Chemistry Week (2000)
 * Chemistry Week Resolution
 * In Recognition of National Chemistry Week
 * Recognizing the Importance and Positive Contributions of Chemistry
 * Rush Holt: Supporting the Goals and Ideals of National Chemistry Week (2009)
 * Sheila Jackson-Lee: Supporting the Goals and Ideals of National Chemistry Week (2009)
 * Silvestre Reyes: Supporting the Goals and Ideals of National Chemistry Week (2007)
 * Thanking Oregon Science Teachers Association
 * Tribute to Dr. Paul R. Jones

Biochemistry

 * Yeast as it appeared in the September 1872 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Chemistry of Fruit-Ripening as it appeared in the February 1878 Popular Science Monthly
 * On the Destruction of Infectious Germs as it appeared in the October 1880 Popular Science Monthly
 * Glucose and Grape-Sugar as it appeared in the June 1881 Popular Science Monthly
 * Are Cemeteries Unhealthy? as it appeared in the September 1881 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Fundamental Problems of Physiological Chemistry as it appeared in the February 1882 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Chemistry of Sugar as it appeared in the August 1882 Popular Science Monthly
 * Inlets for Infection as it appeared in the November 1883 Popular Science Monthly
 * Ferments, Fermentations, and Life as it appeared in the September 1874 Popular Science Monthly
 * Pasteur on Fermentation as it appeared in the October 1875 Popular Science Monthly
 * Biofuels for Transportation

Alchemy

 * Portal:Alchemy

Reference

 * Acetic Acid as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Acetone as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Acetylene as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Acridine as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Adenine as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Alkaline Earths as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Alloys as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Anatto as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Aniline as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Alcohol as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Alcohols as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Atom as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Azo Compounds as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Azoimide as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Azoth as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Azoximes as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Barium as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Base as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Bibirine as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Brimstone as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Bromine as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Bronze as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Bronzing as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Brucine as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Butyl Alcohols as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Butyric Acid as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Cadmium as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Caesium as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Caffeine as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Cajuput Oil as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Calcium as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Chemistry as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Chlorophyll as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Columbium as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Dialysis as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Diazo compounds as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Durene as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Ethyl as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Ethyl Chloride as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Fibrin as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Germanium as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Hydrastine as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Hydrate as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Hydrocarbon as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Inulin as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Malic Acid as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Piperonal as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Xylene as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica

People

 * Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm von as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Chevreul, Michel Eugène as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Dumas, Jean Baptiste André as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Faraday, Michael as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Frankland, Sir Edward as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Gerhardt, Charles Frédéric as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Kekulé, Friedrich August as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Kopp, Hermann Franz Moritz as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Mendeléeff, Dmitri Ivanovich as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Mitscherlich, Eilhardt as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Proust, Joseph Louis as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Prout, William as it appears in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica

Chemists

 * Arthur Aikin
 * Wilbur Olin Atwater
 * Johann Joachim Becher
 * Marcus Benjamin
 * Robert Boyle
 * William Burton
 * Henry Cavendish
 * Edward Daniel Clarke
 * Frank Wigglesworth Clarke (geochemist)
 * William Crookes
 * Marie Skłodowska Curie
 * James Dewar
 * John William Draper
 * Émile Duclaux
 * Wyndham Rowland Dunstan
 * Michael Faraday
 * Joseph Henry Gilbert
 * George Gore
 * Stephen Hales
 * Otto Hehner
 * John Frederick William Herschel
 * Walter Hibbert
 * William Richard Eaton Hodgkinson
 * Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin
 * John Kidd
 * Edmund Knecht
 * Antoine Lavoisier
 * Joseph Le Conte
 * Vivian Byam Lewes
 * Gilbert Newton Lewis
 * Julius Lewkowitsch
 * Arthur Robert Ling
 * Mikhail Lomonosov
 * Arthur P. Luff
 * Georg Lunge
 * Charles Alexander MacMunn
 * ichard Felix Marchand
 * David Orme Masson
 * Pietro Andrea Mattioli (organic chemist)
 * John Theodore Merz
 * Edward Morley
 * Charles Edward Munroe
 * Alfred Nobel
 * William Haseldine Pepys
 * Frank George Pope
 * Harry James Powell
 * William Prout
 * Henry Enfield Roscoe
 * Philip Schidrowitz
 * Su Shi (organic chemist)
 * Edwin Emery Slosson
 * Smithson Tennant
 * Margaret Thatcher
 * Thomas Thomson
 * John Tyndall
 * Jan Baptist van Helmont
 * Ignaz von Born
 * William Withering
 * Fritz Wilhelm Woll
 * William Hyde Wollaston

title: Portal:Chemistry


text:
Portal:Mathematics

General

 * An Essay on Quantity, 1748, by Thomas Reid
 * Budget of Paradoxes
 * Methodus inveniendi
 * Curious Systems of Notation as it appeared in the August 1878 Popular Science Monthly
 * Algebras, Spaces, Logics as it appeared in the August 1880 Popular Science Monthly
 * Origin and History of Life Insurance I as it appeared in the August 1881 Popular Science Monthly
 * Modern Basis of Life Insurance II as it appeared in the September 1881 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Practical Business of Life Insurance III as it appeared in the October 1881 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Illusion of Chance as it appeared in the December 1883 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Mystic Properties of Numbers as it appeared in the August 1884 Popular Science Monthly
 * Science and the Logicians as it appeared in the June 1876 Popular Science Monthly
 * Quantum noise at the nonlinear mapping of phase space (Kouznetsov) as it appeared in Optics and Spectroscopy, 82, 990-995 (1997)
 * 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica articles on Mathematics (11th edition, 1911)

Algebra

 * Algebra of generalized functions
 * Algebraic relations between certain infinite products

Calculus

 * Elements of the Differential and Integral Calculus, 1911 by William Anthony Granville
 * Investigation of the letter of Leibniz
 * The Analyst: a Discourse addressed to an Infidel Mathematician, 1734, by George Berkeley, an early criticism of the calculus, particularly Newton's terminology of 'fluxions'.

Computer science

 * Portal:Apache Software Foundation
 * The Alphabet Cipher, 1868 by Lewis Carroll
 * On Mr. Babbage's new machine for calculating and printing mathematical and astronomical tables, 1823 by Francis Baily in Astronomische Nachrichten, No. 46, pages 409-422
 * Venona: FBI Documents of Historic Interest/Belmont Memorandum 1956-02-01, 1956, declassified U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation memorandum
 * A Few Words on Secret Writing, 1841 by Edgar Allan Poe
 * Lambda Papers, 1975-1979, by Steele and Sussman, a series of MIT AI Memos, developing the Scheme programming language and a number of influential concepts in programming language design and implementation
 * The Paging Game, 1974 by Jeff Berryman, University of British Columbia
 * Resource Management in Virtualized Clouds (2016)
 * Efficient and Secure Group Messaging Encryption (2020)

Geometry

 * The Elements of Euclid
 * Early editions of Euclid's Elements
 * Squaring the circle
 * Geometric Dissections and Transpositions
 * Diameter as it appeared in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * The Elements of Euclid
 * Early editions of Euclid's Elements
 * Squaring the circle
 * Geometric Dissections and Transpositions
 * Diameter as it appeared in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 * Early editions of Euclid's Elements
 * Squaring the circle
 * Geometric Dissections and Transpositions
 * Diameter as it appeared in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica

Probability theory

 * A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities (original 1840; translation 1902) by Pierre-Simon Laplace
 * The Logic of Chance (1888) by John Venn
 * A Treatise on Probability (1921) by John Maynard Keynes

History of mathematics

 * Early Hindoo Mathematics as it appeared in the July 1873 Popular Science Monthly
 * The Origin and Curiosities of the Arabic Numerals as it appeared in the April 1877 Popular Science Monthly
 * A History of Mathematics (1893) by Florian Cajori
 * Indian Mathematics (1915) by George Rusby Kaye
 * A History of Mathematical Notations, Volume I (1928) by Florian Cajori

Mathematicians

 * Portal:International Congress of Mathematicians

title: Portal:Mathematics


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Usage
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Wikisource:Pagediff

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MediaWiki:Common.js/pagediff.js uses this page while it finds the correct URL to create a diff. Wikisource is creating a pagediff between two different pages. If it does not proceed, your browser may not have JavaScript enabled, which is required for this action. Please go to the Scriptorium if you encounter further problems, and if that doesn't help, we will try Wikipedia's Village Pump (technical).

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Page:Dictionary of National Biography. Sup. Vol I (1901).djvu/34

xxvi 'Endowed Schools of Ireland' and 'England and her Soldiers,' and in 1861 by her well-known 'Household Education.' Subsequently he published her autobiography, the greater part of which she had caused to be put into type and to be kept in readiness for circulation as soon as her death should take place. The firm also undertook the publication of the many tracts and pamphlets in which William Ellis, the zealous disciple of John Stuart Mill, urged improved methods of education during the middle years of the century. To a like category belonged Madame Venturi's translation of Mazzini's works which Smith, Elder, & Co. issued in six volumes between 1864 and 1870.

At the same period as he became Miss Martineau's publisher there began Smith's interesting connection with Mrs. Gaskell, which was likewise due to Charlotte Brontë. Late in 1855 Mrs. Gaskell set to work, at the request of Charlotte Brontë's father, on his daughter's life. She gleaned many particulars from Smith and his mother, and naturally requested him to publish the book, which proved to be one of the best biographies in the language. But its publication (in 1857) involved him in unwonted anxieties. Mrs. Gaskell deemed it a point of conscience to attribute, for reasons that she gave in detail, the ruin of Miss Brontë's brother Branwell to the machinations of a lady, to whose children he had acted as tutor. As soon as Smith learned Mrs. Gaskell's intention he warned her of the possible consequences. The warning passed unheeded. The offensive particulars appeared in the biography, and, as soon as it was published, an action for libel was threatened. Mrs. Gaskell was travelling in France at the moment, and her address was unknown. Smith investigated the matter for himself, and, perceiving that Mrs. Gaskell's statements were not legally justifiable, withdrew the book from circulation. In later editions the offending passages were suppressed. Sir James Stephen, on behalf of friends of the lady whose character was aspersed, took part in the negotiations, and on their conclusion handsomely commended Smith's conduct.

In the opening months of 1859 Smith turned his attention to an entirely new publishing venture. He then laid the foundations of the 'Cornhill Magazine,' the first of the three great literary edifices which he reared by his own effort. It was his intimacy with Thackeray that led Smith to establish the 'Cornhill Magazine.' The periodical originally was designed with the sole object of offering the public a novel by Thackeray in serial instalments combined with a liberal allowance of other first-rate literary matter. In February 1859 Smith offered Thackeray the liberal terms of 350l. for a monthly instalment of a novel, which was to be completed in twelve numbers. The profits on separate publication of the work, after the first edition, were to be equally divided between author and publisher. Thackeray agreed to these conditions; but it was only after Smith had failed in various quarters to


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Page:Dictionary of National Biography. Sup. Vol I (1901).djvu/35

 Rh secure a fitting editor for the new venture—Tom Hughes was among those who were invited and declined—that he appealed to Thackeray to fill the editorial chair. He proposed a salary of 1,000l. a year. Thackeray consented to take the post on the understanding that Smith should assist him in business details. Thackeray christened the periodical 'The Cornhill' after its publishing home, and chose for its cover the familiar design by Godfrey Sykes, a South Kensington art student. The 'Cornhill' was launched on 1 Jan. 1860. The first number reached a sale of one hundred and twenty thousand copies. Although so vast a circulation was not maintained, the magazine for many years enjoyed a prosperity that was without precedent in the annals of English periodical publications.

Thackeray's fame and genius rendered services to the 'Cornhill' that are not easy to exaggerate. He was not merely editor, but by far the largest contributor. Besides his novel of 'Lovel the Widower,' which ran through the early numbers, he supplied each month a delightful 'Roundabout Paper,' which was deservedly paid at the high rate of twelve guineas a page. But identified as Thackeray was with the success of the 'Cornhill'—an identification which Smith acknowledged by doubling his editorial salary — Thackeray would have been the first to admit that the practical triumphs of the enterprise were largely the fruits of the energy, resourcefulness, and liberality of the proprietor. There was no writer of eminence, there was hardly an artist of distinguished merit (for the magazine was richly illustrated), whose co-operation Smith, when planning with Thackeray the early numbers, did not seek, often in a personal interview, on terms of exceptional munificence. Associates of earlier date, like John Ruskin and George Henry Lewes among authors, and Millais, Leighton, and Richard Doyle among artists, were requisitioned as a matter of course. Lewes was an indefatigable contributor from the start. Ruskin wrote a paper on 'Sir Joshua and Holbein' for the third number, but Ruskin's subsequent participation brought home to Smith and his editor the personal embarrassments inevitable in the conduct of a popular magazine by an editor and a publisher, both of whom were rich in eminent literary friends. When, later in the first year, Ruskin sent for serial issue a treatise on political economy, entitled 'Unto this Last,' his doctrine was seen to be too deeply tainted with socialistic heresy to conciliate subscribers. Smith published four articles and then informed the author that the editor could accept no more. Smith afterwards issued 'Unto this Last' in a separate volume, but the forced cessation of the papers in the magazine impaired the old cordiality of intercourse between author and publisher.

The magazine necessarily brought Smith into relations with many notable writers and artists of whom he had known little or nothing before. He visited Tennyson and offered him 5,000l. for a poem of the length of the 'Idylls of the King.' This was declined, but 'Tithonus' appeared in the second number. Another poet, a friend of Thackeray, who first came into relations with Smith through the 'Cornhill,' was Mrs. Browning, whose 'Great God Pan,' illustrated by Leighton, adorned the seventh number (July


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A little boy was playing with his hobby-horse one day, and making a great deal of noise, when an old gentleman, who lived in the next room, called to him and said, "Can you not play more quietly?" The little boy answered, "It is raining and I can't go out of doors." The old gentleman said, "But can you not make less noise, for I am sick and need rest." The little boy said, "If that is the case, I will not make any noise." When his mother came home, she praised him for his kindness, and said he did right. Little Johnnie, for that was his name, had forgotten all about the old gentleman, when, a week after, a large box came to him on which was written, "To my young neighbor, a souvenir of a rain day." The box was full of beautiful lead sol-

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4 diers and cannons, with which he had a great deal of pleasure. When his mother saw them she said, "You see, my son, kindness always receives its reward."

 THE LITTLE SAVOYARD.

There was once a little boy who came from Savoy to the City of Paris with a fellow-countryman. Soon after arriving his countryman deserted him, though he had promised his mother to take care of him. Little Pierre did not know what to do all alone in this great city. He walked around all day crying bitterly, but when evening came he thought of a prayer his mother had taught him, and he repeated it: "My God, you who watch over the little birds, oh! do not forsake the little children." As he ended the prayer the pigeons of the city, which were very numerous, flew about him, and one lit on his shoulder. He said to it, "Beautiful bird, go and tell my mother to come and get me." A lady passing by

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Rh heard him repeat the prayer and give the message to the bird. She knew at once that he was a good boy, so she took him to her home, where she gave him nice clothes and plenty to eat. She sent a letter to his mother, and while waiting for her to come to him he used to go out and play with the pigeons. They would run to be caressed by him, for they well knew that they could trust a child who prays.

 THE GOAT AND HER KID.

Goats are not naturally vicious, but will defend themselves if attacked. There was once a little boy in New York named Harry, who went to visit his aunt in the country. This aunt had a goat named Grisette, who had a little kid, and she told Harry that he could feed Grisette, but he must not tease her. But Harry was very mischievous, and liked to see the goat run on the hill-sides. To make her run, he would poke her with a stick, when one day he stuck the stick in her nose, which was more than

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8 Grisette could stand, so she put down her head, butted him with her horns, and down he rolled to the bottom of the hill. Harry was much bruised and had to be carried into the house and put to bed, where he was confined for six weeks, thus losing most of his holiday. Let this be a lesson to you, my little friends, never to torment any animals.

 THE DOG OF THE REGIMENT.

This dog is named Pompey; he is called the Dog of the Regiment, because he has been with a regiment of soldiers for many years. He is a wonderful dog; he can march on his hind legs, play the drum with his paws, and pretend to be dead. Pompey has been very useful to his regiment. Once he carried a dispatch through a fire of musketry; another time he woke up a sleeping sentinel; and again he pointed out a troupe of the enemy hidden in the woods. Finally he saved the life of the surgeon of the regiment, who had been left to die on the field of battle. Pompey is a friend

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Rh to all the soldiers, from the colonel down. You will see him in the picture, pretending to be a bear that he may get a piece of sugar which the colonel's son is offering him.

 THE LITTLE MARINERS.

George and his sister Lillie are having a nice time sailing their little boat in the brook. Their mother told them they could play here, for the water was not deep. She also told them a story about their friend Emil, who could not swim, although his father was a fisherman. Emil thought the water was not deep enough; so he went to the river with his boat. In leaning over the bank to push it into the current, he lost his balance and fell into the water. He would have been drowned had not his father, who was fishing near, came to his rescue. There is no fear for George and Lillie, for they will not disobey their mamma, and no danger will come to them.

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Rh POOR GUSTAVE.

Little boys and girls often think their parents are severe because they reprimand them for their faults, but they always know what is best for them. There was once a little boy named Gustave, who had but one eye. Gustave was naturally sweet and affectionate, but he was fond of teasing, and this fault caused him to lose his eye. I will tell you how it happened. One day he went to call on his cousin Frank. He found him in his garden, trying to catch a beautiful butterfly for his collection of insects. Gustave slipped up behind him slily, which made the butterfly fly off. Frank turned suddenly and knocked Gustave over. He fell on a large rosebush, one of the thorns of which penetrated his left eye, destroying the sight forever. You see that little causes often produce great effects. If Gustave had not been fond of teasing, he would not have lost his eye.

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text: Little Playfellows

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Page:Poems, Volume 1, Coates, 1916.djvu/35

WAS born as free as the silvery light

That laughs in a Southern fountain;

Free as the sea-fed bird that nests

On a Scandinavian mountain,

Free as the wind that mocks at the sway

And pinioning clasp of another,

Yet in the slave they scourged to-day

I saw and knew—my brother!

Vested in purple I sat apart,

But the cord that smote him bruised me;

I closed my ears, but the sob that broke

From his savage breast accused me;

No phrase of reasoning judgement just

The plaint of my soul could smother,

A creature vile, abased to the dust,

I knew him still—my brother.

And the autumn day that had smiled so fair

Seemed suddenly overclouded;

A gloom, more dreadful than Nature owns,

My human mind enshrouded;


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14 I thought of the power benign that made

And bound men one to the other,

And I felt in my brother's fear afraid,

And ashamed in the shame of my brother.


text: Poems (Coates 1916)/Volume I/Man

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THOU, sublime, who on the throne

Of eyeless Night sat, awful and alone,

Before the birth of Cronos—brooding deep

Upon the voiceless waters which asleep

Held all things circled in their gelid zone:

O Silence! how approach thy shrine

Nor falter in the listening void to raise

A mortal voice in praise,

Nor wrong with words such eloquence as thine?

Amid the fragrant forest hush,

The nightingale or solitary-thrush

May, on thy quiet breaking, give no wound;

For they such beauty bring as all redeems,

Nor fear to interrupt thy dreams

Or trouble thy Nirvana with a sound!

And though more fitting worship seem the breath

Of violets in the sequestered wood,

The zephyr that low whispereth

To the heart of Solitude,

The first unfolding of the bashful rose

That noiseless by the wayside buds and blows:


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OW wonderful is love!

More wonderful, I wis,

Than cherry-blossoms are when spring's first kiss

Warms the chill breast of earth,

And gives new birth

To beauty! High above

All miracles—the miracle of love,

Which by its own glad and triumphant power

Brings life to flower.

Oh, love is wonderful!

More wonderful than is the dew-fed rose

Whose petals half unclose,

In welcome of the light,

When first the Dawn comes robed in vesture cool

Of fragrant, shimmering white!—

More wonderful and strange

Than moonrise, which doth change

Dulness to glory—

Yea, with a touch transforms the mountains hoary,

And fills the darkling rills with living silver bright!


text: Index:The Five Little Pigs.djvu

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Page:Poems, Volume 1, Coates, 1916.djvu/42

DREAMER midst the stars doth dwell,

Known to the gods as Israfel.

His heart-strings are a lute;

And when, the magic notes outpouring,

He parts his lips, the gods, adoring,

Listen in transport mute,

Subdued and softened by the spell

Of the dreamer, Israfel!

And mortals, as they toil apart,

Listen with awe, and call him—Art,

And fain his gift to gain,

Essay to imitate the fashion

Of his rare song, and breathe its passion,—

But, ah, they strive in vain;

For his song is more than art,

Whose lute-strings are his heart!

And others, unto whom he wings

The sweetest melodies he sings,


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 To nothing but Vesuvius; but the mountain is the genius of the scene. From every indication of the ruin it has worked, we look, again, with an absorbing interest to where its smoke is rising up into the sky. It is beyond us, as we thread the ruined streets: above us, as we stand upon the ruined walls; we follow it through every vista of broken columns, as we wander through the empty courtyards of the houses; and through the garlandings and interlacings of every wanton vine. Turning away to Pæstum yonder, to see the awful structures built, the least aged of them, hundreds of years before the birth of Christ, and standing yet, erect in lonely majesty, upon the wild, malaria-blighted plain—we watch Vesuvius as it disappears from the prospect, and watch for it again, on our return, with the same thrill of interest: as the doom and destiny of all this beautiful country, biding its terrible time.

It is very warm in the sun, on this early spring-day, when we return from Pæstum, but very cold in the shade: insomuch, that although we may lunch, pleasantly, at noon, in the open air, by the gate of Pompeii, the neighbouring rivulet supplies thick ice for our wine But, the sun is shining brightly; there is not a cloud or speck of vapour in the whole blue sky, looking down upon the bay of Naples; and the moon will be at the full to-night. No matter that the snow and ice lie thick upon the summit of Vesuvius, or that we have been on foot all day at Pompeii, or that croakers maintain that strangers should not be on the mountain by night, in such an unusual season. Let us take advantage of the

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 NAUGHTY LITTLE PIG GETS A BEATING.

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was once a family of Five Little Pigs, and Mrs. Pig, their mother, loved them all very dearly. Some of these little pigs were very good, and took a great deal of trouble to please her. The eldest pig was so active and useful that he was called Mr. Pig. One day he went to market with his cart full of vegetables, but Rusty, the donkey, began to show his bad temper before he had gone very far on the road. All the coaxing and whipping would not make him move. So Mr. Pig took him out of the shafts, and being very strong, drew the cart to market himself. When he got there, all the other pigs began to laugh. But they did not laugh so loudly when Mr. Pig told them all his struggles on the road. Mr. Pig lost no time in selling his vegetables, and very soon after Rusty came trotting into the market-place, and as he now seemed willing to take his place in the cart, Mr. Pig started for home without delay. When he got there, he told Mrs. Pig his story, and she called him her best and most worthy son.

 3

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THERS endure Man's rule: he therefore deems

I shall endure it—I, the unconquered Air!

Imagines this triumphant strength may bear

His paltry sway! yea, ignorantly dreams,

Because proud Rhea now his vassal seems,

And Neptune him obeys in billowy lair,

That he a more sublime assault may dare,

Where blown by tempest wild the vulture screams!

Presumptuous, he mounts: I toss his bones

Back from the height supernal he has braved:

Ay, as his vessel nears my perilous zones,

I blow the cockle-shell away like chaff,

And give him to the Sea he has enslaved.

He founders in its depths; and then I laugh!

Impregnable I held myself, secure

Against intrusion. Who can measure Man?

How should I guess his mortal will outran

Defeat so far that danger could allure


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Rh

THE LITTLE PIG WHO STAYED AT HOME.

This little pig very much wanted to go with his brother, but as he was so mischievous that he could not be trusted far away, his mother made him stay at home, and told him to keep a good fire while she went out to the miller's to buy some flour. But as soon as he was alone, instead of learning his lessons, he began to tease the poor cat. Then he got the bellows, and cut the leather with a knife, so as to see where the wind came from: and when he could not find this out, he began to cry. After this he broke all his brother's toys; he forced the drum-stick through the drum, he tore off the tail from the kite, and then pulled off the horse's head. And then he went to the cupboard and ate the jam. When Mrs. Pig came home, she sat down by the fire, and being very tired, she soon fell asleep. No sooner had she done so, than this bad little pig got a long handkerchief and tied her in her chair. But soon she awoke and found out all the mischief that he had been doing. She saw at once the damage that he had done to his brother's playthings. So she quickly brought out her thickest and heaviest birch, and gave this naughty little pig such a beating as he did not forget for a long time. Rh

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Rh

THE LITTLE PIG WHO HAD ROAST BEEF.

This little pig was a very good and careful fellow. He gave his mother scarcely any trouble, and always took a pleasure in doing all she bade him. Here you see him sitting down with clean hands and face, to some nice roast beef, while his brother, the idle pig, who is standing on a stool in the corner, with the dunce's cap on, has none. He sat down and quietly learned his lesson, and asked his mother to hear him repeat it. And this he did so well that Mrs. Pig stroked him on the ears and forehead, and called him a good little pig. After this he asked her to allow him to help her make tea. He brought everything she wanted, and lifted off the kettle from the fire, without spilling a drop either on his toes or the carpet. By-and-bye he went out, after asking his mother's leave, to play with his hoop. He had not gone far when he saw an old blind pig, who, with his hat in his hand, was crying at the loss of his dog; so he put his hand in his pocket and found a half-penny, which he gave to the poor old pig. It was for such thoughtful conduct as this that his mother often gave this little pig roast beef. We now come to the little pig who had none. Rh

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Rh

THE LITTLE PIG WHO HAD NONE. This was a most obstinate and wilful little pig. His mother had set him to learn his lesson; but no sooner had she gone out into the garden, than he tore his book into pieces. When his mother came back he ran off into the streets to play with other idle little pigs like himself. After this he quarreled with one of the pigs and got a sound thrashing. Being afraid to go home, he stayed out till it was quite dark and caught a severe cold. So he was taken home and put to bed, and had to take a lot of nasty physic.

 THE LITTLE PIG WHO CRIED "WEE, WEE," ALL THE WAY HOME.

This little pig went fishing. Now, he had been told not to go into Farmer Grumpey's grounds, who did not allow any one to fish in his part of the river. But, in spite of what he had been told, this foolish little pig went there. He soon caught a very large fish, and while he was trying to carry it home, Father Grumpey came running along with his great whip. He quickly dropped the fish, but the farmer caught him, and as he laid his whip over his back for some time, the little pig ran off, crying, "Wee, wee, wee," all the way home.  Rh

title: Page:The Five Little Pigs.djvu/12


text:
Page:Poems, Volume 1, Coates, 1916.djvu/49

ARK! Do I dream? Nay, even now I heard

The whitethroat's music, tremulous yet clear:

The very plaint, O lonely bird,

That often midst the greening woods hath stirred

My heart; but never here!

This is the City! High above the street,

Before my window singing in the dawn,

By what imagination dost thou cheat

Thy hope to utter melody so sweet,

Far from thy groves withdrawn?

Thy tones transport me, wistful, to the North,

Seeming to lay a touch upon my brow

Cool as the balsam-laden airs that now

Through pine-woods blow: they woo my spirit forth—

Forth of the town—forth of myself. But thou?

Dost thou an exile wander from thy home

Or art thou hast'ning thither?


text:
The Five Little Pigs

Los cinco cerditos

title: The Five Little Pigs


text:
User talk:76.226.212.212

Welcome

Hello, and welcome to Wikisource! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:

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title: User talk:76.226.212.212


text: User talk:Kabzunu

title: User talk:Kabzunu


text:
Page:Blackwood's Magazine volume 018.djvu/14

 8 disabilities. Proofs, therefore, to show that they were no longer actuated by such hostility, were essential for giving success to their application. Now, what proofs did they offer ? For some time previously to the assembling of Parliament, they were occupied in putting down, by the instrumentality of ferocious mobs, the Bible, Missionary, and School Meetings, of the members of the Established Church, and the other Protestants. They petitioned Parliament for a revision of the property of the Irish church, the meaning of which, according to their open declarations, was, that this church should be robbed of a large part of its possessions. One of their priests declared at a meeting of the Catholic Association, that their priesthood did not admit the established clergy to have any religious character. A member of this Association expressed a wish at two of its meetings, that the Protestant Church might long be the established church of Ireland, and it was received with murmurs and disapprobation. They linked themselves to Cobbett, who was striking with all his might at the foundations of British Protestantism, and they circulated among the ignorant people the most foul and diabolical slanders, touching the religion of the state and its ministers. Everything that could goad the people into a determination to pay no tithes—everything that could exasperate the people against the Established Church—everything that could manifest a wish for the ruin of this church and of Protestantism, was said or done by their leaders, and solemnly sanctioned by the body at large.

Even after the Catholic deputation arrived in London ; after its members had assumed the mask of peace, and at the critical moment when their case was before Parliament, they could not refrain from displaying their animosity towards Protestantism. Lawless entered a London Bible Meeting, and attempted to get up an uproar, but not having an Irish mob to aid him, he was put down. O'Connell straggled into a Whig School Meeting, and made such insinuations against the Protestants, that he was hissed out of it.

Setting aside some empty professions which were only calculated to impose upon children, this constituted the only evidence that the Catholics had to offer, to prove that the hostility to the national church establishment, which had been mainly instrumental in placing them under the disabilities, no longer existed.

From the greatness of the number of the Catholics, and their perfect organization as a body, it was of the first importance for them to convince the tribunal which had to decide on their case, that their political principles were at least harmless—were in no respect inconsistent with, and hostile to, the constitution. Now, what evidence did they tender to produce this conviction ? Their question, so far as regards parties, is not a party one ; men of all parties support it, and men of all parties oppose it. Some of the most eloquent and influential of the Ministers, and the flower of the Opposition, stood before them ready to become their advisers and advocates. Now, no one would have quarrelled with them for keeping at a distance from the Tories—for passing by Mr Canning and Mr Plunkett for their Toryism ; but it was natural for every one to expect that they would not go beyond the genuine and constitutional Whigs ; it was natural for every one to expect that they would from policy, if not from principle, scrupulously avoid all connexion with faction, and more especially with those who advocated schemes involving the ruin of the constitution. We have already men- tioned Cobbett ; we need not give his history ; we need not repeat what he has at various times published touching the King, the Royal Family, the Aristocracy, the Church, the Clergy, the Protestant religion, the Constitution, and all our public possessions ; we need not say what character is assigned to this man by every one of our sects and parties. Well, with this Cobbett the Catholic Deputation connected itself immediately on its arrival in London. It was ostentatiously announced in the newspapers, that the Deputation had been to visit Mr Cobbett—it was ostentatiously announced in the newspapers, that Mr O'Connell had been to Mr Cobbett, to obtain his advice for the guidance of the Catholics, and that, in obedience to this advice, they had put their cause into the hands of Sir F. Burdett.

Our readers are no strangers to the history of the Radical Baronet ; we, Rh


text:
Executive Order 9781

By virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States, and in order to provide for the fullest development and coordination of the aviation policies and activities of the Federal agencies, and in the interest of the internal management of the Government, it is hereby ordered as follows:

, September 19, 1946.

title: Executive Order 9781


text:
Author:Charles Philip Augustus Burnett

Works

 * The ceremonies of the mass: arranged conformably to the rubrics of the Book of Common Prayer with William McGarvey
 * Low Mass Ceremonial: In accordance with the English Rite as set forth in the Book of Common Prayer (1921)
 * A Ritual and Ceremonial Commentary on the occasional offices of Holy baptism, matrimony, penance, communion of the sick, and extreme unction

title: Author:Charles Philip Augustus Burnett


text: Talk:Executive Order 9781

title: Talk:Executive Order 9781


text:
Executive Order 9990

By virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States, it is hereby ordered that the membership of the Air Coordinating Committee, established by Executive Order No. 9781 of September 19, 1946, be, and it is hereby, enlarged to include a representative of the Treasury Department who shall be designated by the Secretary of the Treasury, and the provisions of the said order shall hereafter be applicable to the Treasury Department to the same extent as they are applicable to the participating agencies named in paragraph 1 of such order.

, August 21, 1948.

title: Executive Order 9990


text: Talk:Executive Order 9990

title: Talk:Executive Order 9990


text:
Page:TheCity.djvu/2

 578 public opinion and street railways, the individual man and the tools that he uses, as something more than a mere collective entity. We may think of it as a mechanism—a psychophysical mechanism—in and through which private and political interests find corporate expression. Much of what we ordinarily regard as the city—its charters, formal organization, buildings, street railways, and so forth—is, or seems to be, mere artifact. However, it is only when and in so far as these things, through use and wont, connect themselves, like a tool in the hand of a man, with the vital forces resident in individuals and in the community that they assume the institutional form. As the whole the city is a growth. It is the undesigned product of the labors of successive generations of men.

The city, particularly the modern American city, strikes one at first blush as so little a product of the artless processes of nature and growth that it is difficult to recognize its institutional character. The ground plan of most American cities, for example, is a checkerboard. The unit of distance is the block. This geometrical form suggests that the city is a purely artificial construction, which might conceivably be taken apart and put together again, like a house of blocks. The fact is, however, that the city is rooted in the habits and customs of the people who inhabit it. The consequence is that the city possesses a moral as well as a physical organization, and these two mutually interact in characteristic ways to mold and modify one another. It is the structure of the city which impresses us by its visible vastness and complexity, but this structure has its basis, nevertheless, in human nature, of which it is an expression. On the other hand, this vast organization which has arisen in response to the needs of its inhabitants, once formed, impresses itself upon them as a crude external fact, and forms them, in turn, in accordance with the design and interests which it incorporates. The city plan.—It is because the city has what has here been described as its institutional character that there is a limit to the arbitrary modifications which it is possible to make in its physical structure and its moral order.

title: Page:TheCity.djvu/2


text:
Page:TheCity.djvu/4

580 momentum of its own, more or less independent of the larger circle of life and interests about it.

 * The organization of the city, the character of the urban environment and of the discipline which it imposes, is finally determined by the size of the population, its concentration and distribution within the city area. For this reason it is important to study the populations of cities, to compare the idiosyncrasies in the development of city populations. Some of the first things we want to know about the city, therefore, are: sources of population; immigration and natural growth; distribution of population within the city as affected by (a) economic, i.e., land, values, (b) sentimental interests, race, vocation, etc.; comparative growths of the population within different portions of the city area, as affected by birth- and death-rates, marriage and divorce, etc.

The neighborhood.—Proximity and neighborly contact are the basis for the simplest and most elementary form of association with which we have to do in the organization of city life. Local interests and associations breed local sentiment, and, under a system which makes residence the basis for participation in the government, the neighborhood becomes the basis of political control. In the social and political organization of the city it is the smallest local unit.

"It is surely one of the most remarkable of all social facts that, coming down from untold ages, there should be this instinctive understanding that the man who establishes his home beside yours begins to have a claim upon your sense of comradeship. … The neighborhood is a social unit which, by its clear definition of outline, its inner organic completeness, its hair-trigger reactions, may be fairly considered as functioning like a social mind. … The local boss, however autocratic he may be in the larger sphere of the city with the power he gets from the neighborhood, must always be in and of the people; and he is very careful not to try to deceive the local people so far as their local interests are concerned. It is hard to fool a neighborhood about its own affairs."

The neighborhood exists without formal organization. The local improvement society is the structure erected on the basis of the spontaneous neighborhood organization and exists for the purpose of giving expression to the local sentiment.

Under the complex influences of the city life what may be called the normal neighborhood sentiment has undergone many curious

title: Page:TheCity.djvu/4


text:
Page:TheCity.djvu/6

582 In many of the European cities, and to some extent in this country, reconstruction of city life has gone to the length of building garden suburbs, or replacing unhealthful and run-down tenements with model buildings owned and controlled by the municipality.

In American cities the attempt has been made to renovate evil neighborhoods by the construction of playgrounds and the introduction of supervised sports of various kinds, including municipal dances in municipal dance halls. These and other devices which are intended primarily to elevate the moral tone of the segregated populations of great cities should be studied in connection with the investigation of the neighborhood in general. They should be studied, in short, not merely for their own sake but for what they can reveal to us of human behavior and human nature generally. Colonies and segregated areas.—In the city environment the neighborhood tends to lose much of the significance which it possessed in simpler and more primitive forms of society. The easy means of communication and of transportation, which enables individuals to distribute their attention and to live at the same time in several different worlds, tends to destroy the permanency and intimacy of the neighborhood. Further than that, where individuals of the same race or of the same vocation live together in segregated groups, neighborhood sentiment tends to fuse together with racial antagonisms and class interests. In this way physical and sentimental distances reinforce each other, and the influences of local distribution of the population participate with the influences of class and race in the evolution of the social organization. Every great city has its racial colonies, like the Chinatowns of San Francisco and New York, the Little Sicily of Chicago, and various other less pronounced types. In addition to these, most cities have their segregated vice districts, like that which until recently existed in Chicago, and their rendezvous for criminals of various sorts. Every large city has its occupational suburbs like the Stockyards in Chicago, and its residence suburbs like Brookline in Boston, each of which has the size and the character of a complete separate town, village, or city, except that its population is a selected one. Undoubtedly the most remarkable of these cities within cities, of which the most interesting

title: Page:TheCity.djvu/6


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Page:TheCity.djvu/8

584 ::What about the age, sex, and social condition of the people?

 * What about the children? How many of them are born, and how many of them remain?

 * What is the history of the neighborhood? What is there in the subconsciousness—in the forgotten or dimly remembered experiences—of this neighborhood which determines its sentiments and attitudes?

 * What is there in clear consciousness, i.e., what are its avowed sentiments, doctrines, etc.?

 * What does it regard as matter of fact? What is news? What is the general run of attention? What models does it imitate and are these within or without the group?

 * What is the social ritual, i.e., what things must one do in the neighborhood in order to escape being regarded with suspicion or looked upon as peculiar?

 * Who are the leaders? What interests of the neighborhood do they incorporate in themselves and what is the technique by which they exercise control?

The ancient city was primarily a fortress, a place of refuge in time of war. The modern city, on the contrary, is primarily a convenience of commerce and owes its existence to the market place around which it sprang up. Industrial competition and the division of labor, which have probably done most to develop the latent powers of mankind, are possible only upon condition of the existence of markets, of money and other devices for the facilitation of trade and commerce. An old German adage declares that "city air makes men free" {Stadt Luft macht frei). This is doubtless a reference to the days when the free cities of Germany enjoyed the patronage of the emperor, and laws made the fugitive serf a free man, if he succeeded for a year and a day in breathing city air. Law, of itself, could not, however, have made the craftsman free. An open market in which he might sell the products of his labor was a necessary incident of his freedom, and it was the application of the money economy to the relations of master and man that completed the emancipation of the serf. Vocational classes and vocational types.—The old adage which describes the city as the natural environment of the free man still

title: Page:TheCity.djvu/8


text:
Page:TheCity.djvu/10

586 Every device which facilitates trade and industry prepares the way for a further division of labor and so tends further to specialize the tasks in which men find their vocations. The outcome of this process is to break down or modify the older organization of society, which was based on family ties, local associations, on culture, caste, and status, and to substitute for it an organization based on vocational interests. In the city, every vocation, even that of a beggar, tends to assume the character of a profession, and the discipline which success in any vocation imposes, together with the associations that it enforces, emphasizes this tendency. The effect of the vocations and the division of labor is to produce, in the first instance, not social groups, but vocational types, the actor, the plumber, and the lumber-jack. The organizations, like the trade and labor unions, which men of the same trade or profession form are based on common interests. In this respect they differ from forms of association like the neighborhood, which are based on contiguity, personal association, and the common ties of humanity. The different trades and professions seem disposed to group themselves in classes, that is to say, the artisan, business, and professional classes. But in the modern democratic state the classes have as yet attained no effective organization. Socialism, founded on an effort to create an organization based on "class consciousness," has never succeeded in creating more than a political party. The effects of the division of labor as a discipline may therefore be best studied in the vocational types it has produced.

 * Among the types which it would be interesting to study are: the shopgirl, the policeman, the peddler, the cabman, the night watchman, the clairvoyant, the vaudeville performer, the quack doctor, the bartender, the ward boss, the strike-breaker, the labor agitator, the school teacher, the reporter, the stockbroker, the pawnbroker; all of these are characteristic products of the conditions of city life; each, with its special experience, insight, and point of view, determines for each vocational group and for the city as a whole its individuality.

 * To what extent is the grade of intelligence represented in the different trades and professions dependent upon natural ability?

 * To what extent is intelligence determined by the character of the occupation and the conditions under which it is practiced?

title: Page:TheCity.djvu/10


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Page:TheCity.djvu/12

588 it in a thoroughly rational way. It means that the object of our sentiment corresponds in some special way to some inherited or acquired disposition. Such a disposition is the affection of a mother for her child, which is instinctive. Or even the feeling she may have for the child's empty cradle, which is acquired. The existence of a sentimental attitude indicates that there are motives for action of which the individual who is moved by them is not wholly conscious; motives over which he has only a partial control. Every sentiment has a history, either in the experience of the individual, or in the experience of the race, but the person who acts on that sentiment may not be aware of the history. Interests are directed less toward specific objects than toward the ends which this or that particular object at one time or another embodies. Interests imply, therefore, the existence of means and a consciousness of the distinction between means and ends. Money is the cardinal device by which values have become rationalized and sentiments have been replaced by interests. It is just because we feel no personal and no sentimental attitude toward our money, such as we do toward, for example, our home, that money becomes a valuable means of exchange. We will be interested in acquiring a certain amount of money in order to achieve a certain purpose, but provided that purpose may be achieved in any other way we are likely to be just as well satisfied. It is only the miser who becomes sentimental about money, and in that case he is likely to prefer one sort of money, say gold, to another irrespective of its value. In this case the value of gold is determined by personal sentiment rather than by reason.

An organization which is composed of competing individuals and of competing groups of individuals is in a state of unstable equilibrium, and this equilibrium can be maintained only by a process of continuous readjustment. This aspect of social life and this type of social organization are best represented in the world of business which is the special object of investigation of political economy.

The extension of industrial organization, which is based on the impersonal relations defined by money, has gone forward hand in hand with an increasing mobility of the population. The laboring man and the artisan, fitted to perform a specific task, are compelled under the conditions created by city life to move from one region to another in search of the particular kind of employment which they are fitted to perform. The tide of immigration which moves back and forth between Europe and America is to some extent a measure of this same mobility.

title: Page:TheCity.djvu/12


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Page:TheCity.djvu/14

590 Wandering Jew' acquires abstract terms with which to describe the various scenes which he visits. His knowledge of the world is based upon identities and differences, that is to say, on analysis and classification. Reared in intimate association with the bustle and business of the market place, constantly intent on the shrewd and fascinating game of buying and selling in which he employs that most interesting of abstractions, money, he has neither opportunity nor inclination to cultivate that intimate attachment to places and persons which is characteristic of the immobile person.

Concentration of populations in cities, the wider markets, the division of labor, the concentration of individuals and groups on special tasks, have continually changed the material conditions of life, and in doing this have made readjustments to novel conditions increasingly necessary. Out of this necessity there have grown up a number of special organizations which exist for the special purpose of facilitating these readjustments. The market which brought the modern city into existence is one of these devices. More interesting, however, are the exchanges, particularly the stock exchange, and the board of trade, where prices are constantly being made in response to changes or rather the reports of changes in economic conditions all over the world. These reports, so far as they are calculated to cause readjustments, have the character of what we call news. It is the existence of a critical situation which converts what were otherwise mere information into news. Where there is an issue at stake; where, in short, there is crisis, there information which might affect the outcome one way or another becomes "live matter," as the newspaper men say. Live matter is news; dead matter is mere information.

 * What is the relation of mobility to suggestion, imitation, etc.?

 * What are the practical devices by which suggestibility and mobility are increased in a community or in an individual?

 * Are there pathological conditions in communities corresponding to hysteria in individuals? If so, how are they produced and how controlled?

 * To what extent is fashion an indication of mobility?

 * What is the difference in the manner in which fashions and customs are transmitted?

title: Page:TheCity.djvu/14


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Page:TheCity.djvu/16

592 They occur more frequently in cities than in smaller communities. In the crowd and the public every moment may be said to be "psychological."

Crisis may be said to be the normal condition on the exchanges. What are called financial crises are merely an extension of this critical condition to the larger business community. Financial panics which sometimes follow upon financial crises are a precipitate of this critical condition.

The fascinating thing about the study of crises, as of crowds, is that so far as they are in fact due to psychological causes, that is, so far as they are the result of the mobility of the communities in which they occur, they can be controlled. The evidence for this is the fact that they can be manipulated, and there is abundant evidence of manipulation in the transactions of the stock market. The evidence for the manipulation of crowds is less accessible. Labor organizations have, however, known how to develop a pretty definite technique for the instigation and control of strikes. The Salvation Army has worked out a book of tactics which is very largely devoted to the handling of street crowds; and professional revivalists, like Billy Sunday, have an elaborate technique for conducting their revivals.

 * Under the title of collective psychology much has been written in recent years in regard to crowds and kindred phenomena of social life. Most that has been written thus far has been based upon general observation, and almost no systematic methods exist for the study of this type of social organization. The practical methods which practical men like the political boss, the labor agitator, the stock-exchange speculator, and others have worked out for the control and manipulation of the public and the crowd furnish a body of materials from which it is possible to make a more detailed, a more intimate study of what may be called, in order to distinguish it from that of more highly organized groups, collective behavior.

 * In addition to these and other materials already indicated, there are the histories of notable mass movements, the great labor strikes, the financial panics, religious revivals, etc.

 * A study might be made also of the sensations and emotional reactions of individuals who participate in these mass movements. What is the mental condition of individuals under the influence of revivals, of panics, etc.? Is there a sense of loss of control, and of loss of personal responsibility?

title: Page:TheCity.djvu/16


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Page:Feilberg.djvu/37

Rh story, even then I think it a very great mistake to rouse up among the inside settlers a feeling against a police force which, whatever its defects, does protect life and property against the hostile savages of our outside districts, and which, once removed, leaves but two courses open to us—either to abandon our property to the original lords of the soil, or to fight it out to the bitter end in a war of wholesale extermination. In the interests, therefore, of both blacks and whites, I would urge you to be perfectly certain that you have matured an equally practical and a better plan than our present one before you fan into a flame a feeling which is always smouldering among those well-meaning sympathisers with the "poor blacks" who imagine a mob of northern myalls are as harmless and contemptible as the bands of wretched niggers who loaf round colonial towns and their environs.

I am quite sure, sir, that the efforts of the Queenslander are thoroughly honest and well-intentioned in this matter; but bear in mind that "'tis better to bear the ills we have than fly to others that we know not of."—Yours, &c., —Queenslander, June 5, 1880.

,—It is a matter for congratulation that you have entered upon the subject of our treatment to the aboriginal population of the colony with a view to the amelioration of their unhappy position. From what has come within my own knowledge I can believe that the atrocities you have published are true in their general statements. It is probable, however, that the principal actors were influenced by circumstances of which your reporter could have no knowledge, but which would to some extent lessen the enormity of their actions. Still, while admitting the general truth of the charges, the difficulty is to show how such brutality may he prevented. As to the causes which have led up to the present shameful state of things, that is not a matter for our present consideration. We have to deal with what is, not with what might have been under other conditions. We find, on the on hand, the blacks in outside districts spearing cattle, robbing huts and travellers, mercilessly butchering men, women, and children. On the other hand we find white men—not untaught heathens, but Christians, nominally so at any rate—we find these white Christians, ill-treating black men and women, even shooting them down without compunction, for offences of a comparatively trifling nature, or for avenging gross indignity and insult. We also find a force of black heathen savages, officered by white Christians (?), and maintained by the Government to assist the white settlers in repressing the aggressions of the blacks. These, then, are the facts we have to deal with:—1st. An offending and avenging scattered population of black heathen savages; 2nd. An offending and avenging number of white Christians; 3rd. A still move offending and avenging force of native police. How can we create a better feeling between these opposing forces? Some say, "Let us get rid of the Native Police. Let us have a white force in place of them." Before assenting to this proposal we must consider—1. If we have a white force (supposing they could do the necessary work equally well) have we reason to suppose that the treatment of the blacks will be better? 2. Do the cases you have published lead us to hope that whites (Christians though they may style themselves) will deal greater justice? 3. Can we believe the white officers of the Native Police are free from the brutality which so distinguishes their blank subordinates? 4. If the outside settlers were willing to bury the hatchet, could we hope that the wild blacks would understand and appreciate their leniency? To all these questions I unhesitatingly answer, No. If we fairly look into the question we must admit that a war of extermination is waging on all sides and, do what we may, this will go on until the more venturesome tribes are greatly diminished in number—until, indeed, those of an age to be indignantly affected by the treatment they receive have gone to other hunting-grounds where Christians (?) cease from troubling them. For the outside blacks I fear little can be done, but for those who have become semi-civilised (tamed is a better word) there is still stone hope. If they are to be benefited they must be subjected to a certain amount of practical education, and this can only be contrived by restricting them to certain limits, and bringing them under laws which—though harsh perhaps at first—will ultimately help to lift them out of their present degradation. I regret that I cannot now enter more fully into this question, but there is reason to hope that steps will be taken, after the meeting of the House, to accomplish more than has hitherto been done for a race whose extermination is going on so rapidly, and our neglect of whom will ever remain a disgrace to our boasted civilisation.—Yours, &c., May 28. —Queenslander, June 12, 1880.

title: Page:Feilberg.djvu/37