text:
Portal:Modern speeches

1900s

 * Lectures on The Historians of Bohemia – Ilchester Lectures by František Lützow (1904)
 * The Citizenship of Women: A Plea for Woman's Suffrage – Kier Hardie, (1905)
 * The Duma is Dead, Long Live the Duma – Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, (23 July 1906)
 * The Man with the Muck Rake – Theodore Roosevelt, (1906)
 * Sons of the Puritans – Theodore Roosevelt, (1907)
 * Frontiers – George Curzon, (2 November 1907)
 * Beadon Square Speech – Sri Aurobindo, (13 June 1909)
 * Jhalakati Speech – Sri Aurobindo, (19 June 1909)
 * Kumartuli Speech – Sri Aurobindo, (11 July 1909)
 * Speech at the Hughly Conference – Sri Aurobindo, (6 September 1909)
 * The Strength of Stillness – Sri Aurobindo, (19 February 1910)

1910s

 * The Man in the Arena: Citizenship in a Republic – Theodore Roosevelt, (23 April 1910)
 * The New Nationalism – Theodore Roosevelt, (1910)
 * Irish Labourers Housing Speech – D.D. Sheehan, (11 August 1911)
 * The Old Town Hall of Prague – František Lützow, (18 September 1911)
 * Progressive Cause Greater Than Any Individual – Theodore Roosevelt, (14 October 1912)
 * A Modern Lear – Jane Addams, (2 November 1912)
 * Labor's Service to Freedom – Samuel Gompers, 1914
 * The problem of small nations in the European crisis – Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, (1915)
 * Benaras Hindu University Speech – Mohandas K. Gandhi (4 February 1916)
 * Bohemia's claim to independence – Charles Pergler, (25 February 1916)
 * The Slavs among the nations – Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, (15 March 1916)
 * The Bohemians (Czechs) In The Present Crisis – Charles Pergler, (28 May 1916)
 * The Heart of Europe – Charles Pergler, (11 December 1916)
 * America Safe! – James W. Gerard, (1917)
 * Request for a Declaration of War – Woodrow Wilson, (6 April 1917)
 * America's Entry into the War – David Lloyd George, (17 April 1917)
 * A Tribute to America – Herbert Henry Asquith, (17 April 1917)
 * The Oldest Free Assemblies – Arthur Balfour, (5 May 1917)
 * Cause of the Great War – David Lloyd George, (June 1917)
 * Speech against the Alldeutschen – Max Weber, (5 November 1917)
 * Austria and Europe, – Henry Wickham Steed (8 December 1917)
 * Fourteen Points Speech – Woodrow Wilson, (8 January 1918)
 * Response to Woodrow Wilsons Speech of 11 February 1918 – Arthur Balfour, (27 February 1918)
 * Irish Anti-Conscription Crisis Speech – D.D. Sheehan, (12 April 1918)
 * National Oath – Alois Jirásek (13 April 1918)
 * No Compromise – Charles Pergler (14 September 1918)
 * Americanization – Josef Štýbr (3 May 1919)
 * Achievements of the Democratic Party – Homer S. Cummings, (1919)
 * Citizenship – Will H. Hays, (1919)
 * Democrats in the World War – Alexander Mitchell Palmer (1919)
 * League of Nations – Henry Cabot Lodge, (1919)
 * Revise Taxes – William Gibbs McAdoo (1919)
 * League of Nations Address – Woodrow Wilson, (25 September 1919)
 * Masaryk's Message on First Independence Day (28 October 1919)

1920s

 * The American Soldier - Warren G. Harding, (1920)
 * Americanism - Warren G. Harding, (1920)
 * Americanism - Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1920)
 * Confidence in Government - James M. Cox, (1920)
 * Cork Mayoral Acceptance Speech - Terence MacSwiney, (1920)
 * Democracy's Achievement - Robert Latham Owen, (1920)
 * Democratic Achievement - Champ Clark, (1920)
 * Duty of Government - Calvin Coolidge, (1920)
 * Equal Rights - Calvin Coolidge, (1920)
 * Law and Order - Calvin Coolidge, (1920)
 * Liberty Under the Law - Warren G. Harding, (1920)
 * Nationalism and Americanism - Warren G. Harding, (1920)
 * Peace, Progress, and Prosperity - George White, (1920)
 * President Wilson - Homer S. Cummings, (1920)
 * Prevention of War - James M. Cox, (1920)
 * Safeguard America! - Corinne Roosevelt Robinson, (1920)
 * Save America - Nicholas Murray Butler, (1920)
 * Summons to Duty - Homer S. Cummings, (1920)
 * Theodore Roosevelt - Leonard Wood, (1920)
 * The World War - James M. Cox, (1920)
 * The story of the Jones County Calf Case - Charles E. Wheeler, (24 June 1920)
 * Statement in The Great Trial - Mohandas K. Gandhi (18 March 1922)
 * Disarmament Speech - Stanley Baldwin, (23 July 1923)
 * M. Švehla's tribute in the Ministerial Council (on the death of Woodrow Wilson) - Antonín Švehla (4 February 1924)
 * Address by Dr. Eduard Beneš, Czechoslovak Foreign Minister (on the death of Woodrow Wilson) - Edvard Beneš (10 February 1924)
 * Address of the American Minister Mr. Lewis Einstein (on the death of Woodrow Wilson) - Lewis Einstein (10 February 1924)
 * Pan-Asianism - Sun Yat-sen, (1924)
 * Scopes Monkey Trial Summation (undelivered) - William Jennings Bryan, (1925)

1930s

 * On The Eve of Dandi March - Mohandas K. Gandhi (11 March 1930)
 * Speech at The Round Table Conference - Mohandas K. Gandhi (30 November 1931)
 * Abdication - Edward VIII, (20 January 1936)
 * May Day speech - Adolf Hitler, (1 May 1937)
 * Quarantine the Aggressor - Franklin Delano Roosevelt, (5 October 1937)
 * Farewell to Baseball - Lou Gehrig, (4 July 1939)
 * An Attempt to Dominate the World by Force - Neville Chamberlain, (17 March 1939)
 * Announcing the Invasion of Poland - Neville Chamberlain, (1 September 1939)

1940s

 * The Nazi's Aim Is Slavery - Edouard Daladier, (29 January 1940)
 * On the Invasion of Norway - Joachim von Ribbentrop, (10 April 1940)
 * WWII Speech - David Lloyd George, (7 May 1940)
 * Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat - Winston Churchill, (13 May 1940)
 * We shall fight on the beaches - Winston Churchill, (4 June 1940)
 * Their Finest Hour - Winston Churchill, (18 June 1940)
 * To the Children of the Commonwealth - Princess Elizabeth, (13 October 1940)
 * The Arsenal of Democracy - Franklin Delano Roosevelt, (29 December 1940)
 * The Four Freedoms speech - Franklin Delano Roosevelt, (6 January 1941)
 * We have been at War - Benito Mussolini, (23 February 1941)
 * Address to the Reichstag - Adolf Hitler, (4 May 1941)
 * British War Aims - Anthony Eden, (29 May 1941)
 * Speech on the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany, Vyacheslav Molotov, (22 June 1941)
 * On the Winter Appeal - Adolf Hitler, (3 October 1941)
 * Never Give In, Never, Never, Never - Winston Churchill, (29 October 1941)
 * Pearl Harbor speech - Franklin Delano Roosevelt, (8 December 1941)
 * German Declaration of War on the US - Adolf Hitler, (11 December 1941)
 * We Are Still Losing This War - Ralph Austin Bard, (24 September 1942)
 * Speech Condemning Massacre of the Jews - Cyril Garbett, (9 December 1942)
 * Speech Supporting Immediate Aid to Jewish Refugees - Archbishop William Temple, (23 March 1943)
 * The Price of Greatness is Responsibility - Winston Churchill, (6 September 1943)
 * Speech Opposing Area Bombing - George Bell, (9 February 1944)
 * Let Our Hearts Be Stout - Franklin Delano Roosevelt, (6 June 1944)
 * On the 20 July, 1944 Bomb Plot - Adolf Hitler, (20 July 1944)
 * On the 12th Anniversary of Coming to Power - Adolf Hitler, (30 January 1945)
 * Hitler's Final Speech - Adolf Hitler, (24 February 1945)
 * Churchill announces the surrender of Germany - Winston Churchill, (8 May 1945)
 * Germany Surrenders - Harry S. Truman, (8 May 1945)
 * Vennard Wilson speech (30 May 1945)
 * Address to the surrendering Japanese delegation - Thomas Blamey, (9 September 1945)
 * Iron Curtain Speech - Winston Churchill, (5 March 1946)
 * Speech at Inter-Asian Relations Conference - Mohandas K. Gandhi (2 April 1947)
 * The Marshall Plan - George C. Marshall, (5 June 1947)
 * A Tryst With Destiny - Jawaharlal Nehru, (14 August 1947)
 * Kashmir Issue - Mohandas K. Gandhi (4 January 1948)
 * Speech on The Eve of The Last Fast - Mohandas K. Gandhi (12 January 1948)
 * The Light Has Gone Out - Jawaharlal Nehru, (30th January 1948)

1950s

 * MacArthur's Farewell Speech to Congress - Douglas MacArthur, (19 April 1951)
 * Checkers speech - Richard M. Nixon (23 September 1952)
 * Christmas Message, 1952 - Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, (25 December 1952)
 * The Secret Speech - Nikita Krushchev, (25 February 1956)
 * The Suez Crisis - Anthony Eden, (31 October 1956)
 * There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom - Richard Feynman, (29 December 1959)

1960s

 * Presidential Nomination Acceptance Speech - John F. Kennedy, (15 July 1960)
 * Military-industrial complex speech - Dwight D. Eisenhower, (1961)
 * The Berlin Crisis - John F. Kennedy, (25 July 1961)
 * We choose to go to the moon - John F. Kennedy, (12 September 1962)
 * Cuban Missile Crisis - John F. Kennedy, (22 October 1962)
 * Adlai Stevenson's Cuban Missile Crisis speech to the United Nations Security Council - Adlai Stevenson, (25 October 1962)
 * Honourary Citizenship Award for Winston Churchill - John F. Kennedy, (9 April 1963)
 * Ich bin ein Berliner - John F. Kennedy, (26 June 1963)
 * Civil Rights Message - John F. Kennedy, (11 June 1963)
 * Let Us Continue - Lyndon Baines Johnson, (27 November 1963)
 * The Ballot or the Bullet - Malcolm X, (3 April 1964)
 * I Am Prepared to Die - Nelson Mandela, (20 April 1964)
 * The Great Society - Lyndon Baines Johnson, (22 May 1964)
 * Gulf of Tonkin Incident - Lyndon Baines Johnson, (4 August 1964)
 * Presidential Nomination Acceptance Speech - Lyndon Baines Johnson, (27 August 1964)
 * A Time for Choosing - Ronald Reagan, (1964)
 * We Shall Overcome - Lyndon Baines Johnson, (15 March 1965)
 * Renunciation Speech - Lyndon Baines Johnson, (31 March 1968)
 * Announcing the Death of Martin Luther King, Jr. - Robert F. Kennedy, (4 April 1968)
 * Tribute to Senator Robert F. Kennedy - Ted Kennedy, (8 June 1969)
 * Brezhnev Doctrine - Leonid Brezhnev, (13 November 1968)
 * Chappaquiddick - Ted Kennedy, (25 July 1969)
 * Vietnamization - Richard Nixon, (3 November 1969)
 * Rogers Plan - William P. Rogers, (9 December 1969)

1970s

 * First message to the Chilean parliament - Salvador Allende, (21 May 1971)
 * Broadcast Over Radio Hanoi - Jane Fonda, (22 August, 1972)
 * Resignation - Richard M. Nixon, (8 August 1974)
 * Farewell Address - Richard M. Nixon, (9 August 1974)
 * Assumption of the Presidency - Gerald R. Ford, (9 August 1974)
 * The Effects of Religious Cults on the Health and Welfare of Their Converts - Congressman Leo Ryan, 3 November 1977)
 * The Crisis of Confidence - Jimmy Carter, (15 July 1979)

1980s

 * First Presidential Nomination Acceptance Speech - Ronald Reagan, (17 July 1980)
 * The Cause Endures - Ted Kennedy, (12 August,  1980)
 * Second Presidential Nomination Acceptance Speech - Jimmy Carter, (14 August 1980)
 * Speech to the Conservative Party Conference - Margaret Thatcher, (10 October 1980)
 * Farewell Address - Jimmy Carter, (14 January 1981)
 * The Agenda is Victory - Ronald Reagan, (26 February 1982)
 * Evil Empire speech - Ronald Reagan, (8 June 1982)
 * Attack on KAL Flight 007 - Ronald Reagan, (5 September 1983)
 * Truth and Tolerance in America - Ted Kennedy, (3 October,  1983)
 * Announcement of his candidacy for US President - Jesse Jackson, (16 January 1984)
 * Address at Omaha Beach - Ronald Reagan, (6 June 1984)
 * Speech at Pointe de Hoc - Ronald Reagan, (6 June 1984)
 * Second Presidential Nomination Acceptance Speech - Ronald Reagan, (23 August 1984)
 * Testimony before the U.S. Congress on Constructive Engagement - Bishop Desmond Tutu, (4 December 1984)
 * Challenger Disaster - Ronald Reagan, (28 January 1986)
 * Tear Down This Wall - Ronald Reagan, (12 June 1987)
 * Address to the 43rd U.N. General Assembly Session - Mikhail Gorbachev, (7 December 1988)
 * Gazimestan speech - Slobodan Milosevic, (28 June 1989)

1990s

 * Nelson Mandela's address on his release from prison - Nelson Mandela, (11 February 1990)
 * Toward a New World Order - George H. W. Bush, (11 September 1990)
 * Presidential Radio Address - 17 November 1990, (17 November 1990)
 * Chicken Kiev - George H.W. Bush, (1 August 1991)
 * Bill Clinton's acceptance speech to 1992 Democratic Convention - Bill Clinton, (16 July 1992)
 * At the 1992 Republican Convention - Ronald Reagan, (17 August 1992)
 * Patrick Buchanan's Speech to 1992 GOP Convention - Patrick Buchanan, (August 1992)
 * 1992 Republican Convention Acceptance Speech - George H. W. Bush, (20 August 1992)
 * Redfern aboriginal Australia speech - Paul Keating, (10 December 1992)
 * 1993 True Believers speech - Paul Keating, (13 March 1993)
 * Star Wars' Tenth Anniversary - Ronald Reagan, (23 March 1993)
 * Karl Popper: Prague lecture, 1994 – Karl Popper (last days of May 1994)
 * Remarks at McNair Barracks. Berlin, Germany - Bill Clinton, (12 July 1994)
 * Speech Following the Oklahoma City Bombings - Bill Clinton, (1995)
 * Trial Speech of Ken Saro-Wiwa - Ken Saro-Wiwa, (November 1995)
 * I am an African - Thabo Mbeki, (8 May 1996)
 * Acceptance Speech to 1996 Democratic Convention - Bill Clinton, (29 August 1996)
 * Clinton Lewinsky Apology - Bill Clinton, (17 August 1998)
 * Installation Speech - Adrienne Clarkson, (7 October 1999)

2000

 * Remarks at the National Head Start Association's 10th Annual Luncheon - Christopher Dodd, (28 April 2000)
 * We can still win the Euro Referendum - Roy Jenkins, (6 June 2000)
 * "Remarks by Colin Powell at the 2000 Republican National Convention" - Colin Powell, (31 July 2000)
 * "Remarks by John McCain at the 2000 Republican National Convention" - John McCain, (1 August 2000)
 * "Remarks by Condoleezza Rice at the 2000 Republican National Convention" - Condoleezza Rice, (1 August 2000)
 * "George W. Bush's Republican Nomination Acceptance Speech" - George W. Bush, (3 August 2000)
 * "Remarks by Bill Clinton at the 2000 Democratic National Convention" - Bill Clinton, (14 August 2000)
 * "Remarks by Hillary Clinton at the 2000 Democratic National Convention" - Hillary Clinton, (14 August 2000)
 * "Remarks by Ted Kennedy at the 2000 Democratic National Convention" - Ted Kennedy, (15 August 2000)
 * "Al Gore's Presidential Nomination Acceptance Speech|Al Gore's Democratic Nomination Acceptance Speech" - Al Gore, (17 August 2000)

2001

 * Farewell Address - Bill Clinton, (18 January 2001)
 * Colin L. Powell's statement at press briefing on new U.S. humanitarian assistance for Afghanistan - Colin L. Powell, (17 May 2001)
 * Joni Madraiwiwi, Fiji's 2001 Elections: Our Country at the Crossroads, 15 August 2001
 * September 14, 2001 speech - George W. Bush, (14 September 2001)
 * September 11, 2001: Attack on America - George W. Bush, (20 September 2001)

2002

 * Clear Skies and Global Climate Change Initiatives - George W. Bush, (14 February 2002)
 * Speech of the French President for the World Summit on sustainable development - Jacques Chirac, (2 September 2002)
 * Iraq Speech - Barack Obama, (26 October 2002)

2003

 * "Arkansas Governor's Address of January 14, 2003" - Mike Huckabee, (14 January 2003)
 * Columbia Space Shuttle Tragedy Speech - George W. Bush, (1 February 2003)
 * French address on Iraq at the UN Security Council - Dominique de Villepin, Minister of Foreign Affairs, (14 February 2003)
 * Mission Accomplished - George W. Bush, (1 May 2003)
 * Neo-CONNED - Ron Paul, (10 July 2003)
 * Toward Enlightened Nationalism - Joe Biden, (28 October 2003)
 * Congressman Tom Lantos' Remarks on the 25th Anniversary of the Tragedy at Jonestown and the Death of Congressman Leo Ryan - Congressman Tom Lantos, (17 November, 2003)
 * L. Paul Bremer announces the capture of Saddam Hussein, (14 December, 2003)

2004

 * "California Governor's Address of January 06, 2004" - Arnold Schwarzenegger (6 January 2004)
 * "New Mexico Governor's Address of January 20, 2004", - Bill Richardson (20 January 2004)
 * A Constitutional Amendment Protecting Marriage - George W. Bush, (14 February 2004)
 * Address to the People's Congress of Libya - Joe Biden, (3 March 2004)
 * Remarks to the North Carolina Bankers Assembly - Elizabeth Dole, (29 March 2004)
 * Atal Bihari Vajpayee's Post Election Speech - Atal Bihari Vajpayee, (13 May 2004)
 * We Will Not Fail - George W. Bush, (24 May 2004)
 * Remarks Onboard the USS North Carolina - Elizabeth Dole, (25 May 2004)
 * Address by Hamid Karzai to Joint Session of Congress - Hamid Karzai, (15 June 2004)
 * '"Eulogy to Ronald Reagan" - George W. Bush, (11 July 2004)
 * Microsoft Research DRM talk - Cory Doctorow, (17 June 2004)
 * Democracy Itself is in Grave Danger - Al Gore, (24 June 2004)
 * "Welcome Address by Subroto Bagchi, COO, MindTree Consulting at IIMB" (2 July 2004)
 * "Remarks by Barack Obama at the 2004 Democratic National Convention" - Barack Obama, (26 July 2004)
 * "Remarks by Al Gore at the 2004 Democratic National Convention" - Al Gore, (26 July 2004)
 * "Three Party Politics" - Charles Kennedy, (27 July 2004)
 * "John Kerry's Democratic Nomination Acceptance Speech" - John Kerry, (29 July 2004)
 * "Remarks by Rudy Giuliani at the 2004 Republican National Convention" - Rudy Giuliani, (30 August 2004)
 * "Remarks by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger at the 2004 Republican National Convention" - Arnold Schwarzenegger, (30 August 2004)
 * "George W. Bush's Republican Nomination Acceptance Speech" - George W. Bush, (2 September 2004)
 * Senator Edward M. Kennedy floor remarks on Iraq - Edward Kennedy, (27 September 2004)

2005

 * CSIS Cross-cultural Roundtable on Security Inaugural speech - Jim Judd (8 March 2005)
 * The Purpose of American Power - Joe Biden, (12 April 2005)
 * Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum - George W. Bush, (19 April 2005)
 * Biodiesel and Alternative Fuel Sources - George W. Bush, (16 May 2005)
 * Senate Hearing Speech - George Galloway, (17 May 2005)
 * A New Compact for Iraq - Joe Biden, (21 June 2005)
 * London Mayor's Statement of 7 July 2005- Ken Livingstone, (7 July 2005)
 * London Will Not Be Cowed Ken Livingstone, (8 July 2005)
 * America's Purpose: Leadership for a New Security Consensus - Joe Biden, (6 September 2005)
 * Hurricane Katrina and Global Warming - Al Gore, (9 September 2005)
 * Securing Our Energy Future - Barack Obama, (15 September 2005)
 * A Liberal Democrat Foreign Policy - Menzies Campbell, (19 September 2005)
 * 'Leadership Contest Speech] - Ken Clarke, (5 October 2005)
 * Peaking of World Oil Production - Richard Heinberg, (7 November 2005)
 * Winning the War in Iraq - John McCain, (10 November 2005)
 * Turning the Corner in Iraq - Joe Biden, (11 November 2005)
 * Moving Forward In Iraq - Barack Obama, (22 November 2005)
 * Chávez visits "Fountain of Dreams" Self-Development Centre, (24 December 2005)

2006

 * Remarks at University Presidents Summit on International Education - George W. Bush, (5 January 2006)
 * A Drink Problem - Charles Kennedy, (5 January 2006)
 * Charles Kennedy Resignation Speech - Charles Kennedy, (7 January 2006)
 * Defend US Constitution - Al Gore, (17 January 2006)
 * Democracy in Belarus - John McCain, (3 February 2006)
 * Energy Security is National Security - Barack Obama, (28 February 2006)
 * Speech to the National Defense University - Richard Lugar, (23 March 2006)
 * On the dismissal of 591 East Timorese soldiers - Xanana Gusmão, (23 March 2006)
 * On Liberal Democracy - Condoleezza Rice, (31 March 2006)
 * Energy Independence and the Safety of our Planet - Barack Obama, (6 April 2006)
 * Remarks on the American Competitiveness Initiative - George W. Bush, (18 April 2006)
 * U.S. Energy Policy Discussion - George W. Bush, (25 April 2006)
 * Speech at Atlantic Council Gala - John Warner, (26 April 2006)
 * Free Software and Free Media - Eben Moglen, (3 May 2006)
 * Address on Comprehensive Immigration Reform - George W. Bush, (15 May 2006)
 * Power and Global Leadership - Mark Malloch Brown, (6 June 2006)
 * Remarks on Taking Back America - Barack Obama, (14 June 2006)
 * Address by Dr José Ramos-Horta at his swearing in ceremony as Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste - José Ramos-Horta (10 July 2006)
 * Campus Progress Annual Conference - Barack Obama, (12 July 2006)
 * Document Licenses and the Future of Free Culture - Eben Moglen, (4 August, 2006)
 * An Honest Government, A Hopeful Future - Barack Obama, (28 August 2006)
 * A Way Forward in Iraq - Barack Obama, (20 November 2006)

2007

 * George H. W. Bush's Eulogy for Gerald Ford - George H. W. Bush, (2 January 2007)
 * George W. Bush's Eulogy for Gerald Ford - George W. Bush, (2 January 2007)
 * The Time Has Come for Universal Health Care - Barack Obama, (2 January 2007)
 * Remarks of Senator Barack Obama to the California State Democratic Convention - Barack Obama, (2 May 2007)
 * Speech of Senator Robert Byrd following the Indictment of Michael Vick on Dog-fighting Charges - Robert Byrd, (19 July 2007)

2009

 * Barack Obama's speech announcing the goal of Total Nuclear Disarmament, (5 February 2009)

2015

 * 2015-09-16 White House Press Briefing on student Ahmed Mohamed, (16 September 2015)
 * 2015 September 16 US Congressman Mike Honda on student Ahmed Mohamed, (16 September 2015)
 * Danielle Citron speaks at WikiConference USA 2015, (11 October 2015)

title: Portal:Modern speeches


text:
Portal talk:Modern speeches

duplication of portals
We have Portal:Speeches and this portal. To note that within the first mentioned portal we have a page Portal:Speeches/Modern Speeches many of which are duplicated here. I would suggest that this portal would seem superfluous, and an unnecessary split of the works. — billinghurst  sDrewth  02:13, 12 June 2011 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Portal talk:Modern speeches


text:
Portal:Early modern speeches

17th century

 * Dissolution of the Long Parliament, by Oliver Cromwell (20 April 1653)
 * Sanquhar Declaration, by Richard Cameron, 1680

Early 18th century

 * Speech against the Union, by John Hamilton, 2nd Lord Belhaven and Stenton (November 1706)
 * Against Repealling the Triennial Act, by Archibald Hutcheson (April 1716)
 * Speech against the bill for laying a tax on Papists, by Thomas Lutwyche (6 May 1723)
 * The marriage of the Prince of Wales, by Pitt the Elder (29 April 1736)
 * The Standing Army, by William Pitt the Elder (4 February 1738)
 * Speech Against his Removal from Office, by Sir Robert Walpole (February 1741)
 * Battle of Prestonpans Speech, by John Cope (21 September 1745)
 * Battle of the Plains of Abraham Speech, by James Wolfe (13 September 1759)
 * Speech against the Stamp Act, by William Pitt the Elder (14 January 1766)

1770s

 * The case of John Wilkes, by William Pitt the Elder (9 January 1770)
 * The State of the Nation, by William Pitt the Elder (22 January 1770)
 * The Defence of Weaker States, by William Pitt the Elder (22 January 1770)
 * He is a Member of Parliament – Edmund Burke (3 November 1774)
 * The Wounds given to the Constitution – John Wilkes (22 February 1775)
 * Speech on Conciliation with America, by Edmund Burke (22 March 1775)
 * Give me liberty or give me death, by Patrick Henry (23 March 1775)
 * Speech on the Rebellion in the American Colonies, by George III (27 October 1775)
 * On Coercive Measures in America, by John Wilkes (1775)
 * The Conquest of the Americans, by John Wilkes (1777)

1780s

 * A Free People, by Henry Grattan (16 April 1782)
 * Newburg address, by George Washington (15 March 1783)
 * Resignation as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army, by George Washington (23 December 1783)
 * On State Representation, by Benjamin Franklin (28 June 1787)
 * Disapproving and accepting the Constitution, by Benjamin Franklin (17 September 1787)
 * Shall Liberty or Empire Be Sought?, by Patrick Henry (5 June 1788)
 * On the Horrors of the Slave Trade, by William Wilberforce (12 May 1789)

1790s

 * Farewell Address, by George Washington (17 September 1796)
 * XYZ Address, by John Adams (16 May 1797)

1800s

 * Overtures of Peace with France, by William Pitt the Younger (3 February 1800)
 * On refusal to negotiate with France, by Charles James Fox, (3 February 1800)
 * Grant to the Emperor of Germany, by Richard Brinsley Sheridan (17 February 1800)
 * Speech from the Dock, by Robert Emmet (20 September 1803)
 * Napoleon's Speech at Austerlitz, by Napoleon Bonaparte (2 December 1805)
 * The Burr Conspiracy, by Thomas Jefferson (22 January 1807)

1810s

 * War Message to Congress, by James Madison (1 June 1812)

1820s

 * Plymouth Oration, by Daniel Webster (22 December 1820)
 * The Bunker Hill Monument, by Daniel Webster (17 June 1825)
 * Adams and Jefferson, by Daniel Webster (2 August 1826)
 * Address on the King's Message Respecting Portugal, by George Canning (12 December 1826)
 * Catholic Emancipation, by Duke of Wellington (2 April 1829)

1830s

 * Second Reply to Hayne, by Daniel Webster (27 January 1830)
 * The Dangers which Menace States, by Robert Peel (3 March 1831)
 * Belgium and payments to Russia, by Robert Peel (16 July 1832)
 * The Russian loan and Holland, by Robert Peel (20 July 1832)
 * Government of India, by Thomas Babington Macaulay (10 July 1833)
 * Inaugural Address, by Joseph Ritner (1835)
 * Dissolution of Parliament, by Robert Peel (24 February 1835)
 * Finality Speech, by Lord John Russell (20 November 1837)

1840s

 * Copyright Law, by Thomas Babington Macaulay (5 February, 1841)
 * The working classes and the corn laws, by Richard Cobden (24 February 1842)
 * Second Speech on Copyright Law, by Thomas Babington Macaulay (6 April 1842)
 * The Gates of Somnauth, by Thomas Babington Macaulay (9 March 1843)
 * The Great Nation of Futurity, by John L. O'Sullivan (1845)
 * Repeal of the Corn Laws, by Duke of Wellington (28 May 1846)
 * The Sword Speech, by Thomas Francis Meagher (20 July 1846)
 * The Annexation of Cracow, by Lord John Russell, (4 March 1847)
 * Speech from the Dock, by Thomas Francis Meagher (1848)
 * The Polish Question, by Viscount Palmerston, (1 March 1848)
 * On extending the franchise, by Richard Cobden, (6 July 1848)

1850s

 * Seventh of March Speech, by Daniel Webster (7 March 1850)
 * Don Pacifico Speech, by Viscount Palmerston (25 June 1850)
 * Ain't I a Woman?, by Sojourner Truth (1851)
 * The Dignity and Importance of History, by Daniel Webster (23 February 1852)
 * What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?, by Frederick Douglass (5 July 1852)
 * The Crime against Kansas, by Charles Sumner (19-20 May, 1856)
 * On his assault on Charles Sumner, by Preston Brooks (14 July 1856)
 * China and the Attack on Canton, by Richard Cobden (26 February 1857)
 * A House Divided, by Abraham Lincoln (16 June 1858)
 * On the Irrepressible Conflict, by William H. Seward (25 October 1858)
 * On the English Foreign Policy, by John Bright (29 October 1858)
 * John Brown's Speech to the Court at his Trial, by John Brown (2 November 1859)

1860s

 * Cooper Union Speech, by Abraham Lincoln (1860)
 * To Arms, by Giuseppe Garibaldi (1860)
 * Secession is the Height of Madness, Folly, and Wickedness, by Alexander Stephens (1861)
 * E.S. Dargan on Secession, by E. S. Dargan (11 January 1861)
 * Inaugural Address, by Jefferson Davis (18 February 1861)
 * Cornerstone Speech, by Alexander Stephens (1861)
 * The Ultimate Triumph of Just Principles (1861)
 * Seizure of the Alexandra, by Richard Cobden (24 April 1863)
 * Gettysburg Oration, by Edward Everett (19 November 1863)
 * Gettysburg Address, by Abraham Lincoln (19 November 1863)
 * Foreign Affairs, by Richard Cobden (24 November 1863)
 * Denmark and Germany, by Benjamin Disraeli (4 July 1864)
 * Final Public Address, by Abraham Lincoln (1865)
 * Austria and Prussia, by Lord Edward Stanley (20 July 1866)
 * Prohibition, by Alexander Tilloch Galt (1867)
 * Speech In Favor of Capital Punishment, by John Stuart Mill (21 April 1868)
 * Local taxation and poor law administration in great cities, by William Rathbone (22 June 1869)

1870s

 * Universal Religion, by Keshub Chandra Sen (1870)
 * La Liberté speech, by Karl Marx (1872)
 * Suez Canal Speech, by Benjamin Disraeli (21 February 1872)
 * The Maintenance of Empire, by Benjamin Disraeli (1872)
 * Conservative Principles, by Benjamin Disraeli (3 April 1873)
 * On Women's Rights to Vote, by Susan B Anthony (1873)
 * The Past, Present and Future Trade of the Cape Colonies with Central Africa by Emil Holub (1879)

1880s

 * The Duties of American Citizenship, by Theodore Roosevelt (1883)
 * Trust the People, by Lord Randolph Churchill (16 April 1884)
 * On the Death of General Gordon, by Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (20 July 1885)
 * The address of the president of the American Bar Association at their eighth annual meeting, by John W. Stevenson (19 August 1885)
 * Irish Home Rule Speech, by William Ewart Gladstone (7 June 1886)
 * The Benefits of Reading, by Arthur Balfour, 1st Earl of Balfour (December 1887)
 * The Channel Tunnel, by William Ewart Gladstone (27 June 1888)

1890s

 * The Future Policy of the Liberal Party, by William Ewart Gladstone (2 October 1891)
 * Principal Speech Against Unconditional Repeal, by William Jennings Bryan (16 August 1893)
 * Welcome Address, The World Parliament of Religions, Chicago, by Swami Vivekananda (11 September 1893)
 * Memorial Day Address, by William Jennings Bryan (30 May, 1894)
 * Atlanta Compromise, by Booker T. Washington (18 September 1895)
 * The Case Against Vaccination, by Walter Hadwen (25 January 1896)
 * Cross of Gold Speech, by William Jennings Bryan (9 July 1896)
 * A Tribute to Robert Burns, by Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery (21 July 1896)
 * The True Conception of Empire, by Joseph Chamberlain (31 March 1897)
 * The Strenuous Life, by Theodore Roosevelt (10 April 1899)

title: Portal:Early modern speeches


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Harris, William Torrey

HARRIS, William Torrey, American educator and metaphysician: b. North Killingly, Conn., 10 Sept, 1835; d. Providence, R. I., 5 Nov. 1909. He studied at Yale in the class of 1858, and after teaching in the Saint Louis public schools, 1857–67, was superintendent of the schools of that city 1867-80. While in Saint Louis he founded in 1867 the Journal of Speculative Philosophy. He removed to Concord, Mass., in 1880 and aided in founding the Concord School of Philosophy at which he lectured on metaphysical themes. From 1889 to 1906 he was United States Commissioner of Education. He has edited Appleton's School Reader and Appleton's Educational Series and is the author of ‘Hegel's Logic: a Critical Exposition’ (1890); ‘The Spiritual Sense of Dante's Divina Commedia’ (1891); ‘Introduction to the Study of Philosophy’; ‘Psychologic Foundations of Education.’


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Harrisburg

HARRISBURG, Pa., city of the third class, capital of the State and county-seat of Dauphin County, on the Susquehanna River and the Northern Central, Pennsylvania, Cumberland Valley and Philadelphia and Reading railroads; situated 106 miles northwest of Philadelphia, has been for many years an important railroad, agricultural, industrial and commercial centre. During the decade from 1902 to 1912 its citizens took up in earnest the matters of municipal improvement. The city's rapid strides along every line of activity in this matter were phenomenal and its growth into a model city was so extensive and successful as to attract general attention throughout the country.

History. — The site selected for his future city by the founder, John Harris, was on the Susquehanna River at a point where the river is nearly a mile in width and where the two great trails, the southern and western, intersected each other as they trended from the north and east. The county of which Harrisburg afterward became the county-seat, Dauphin, adopted its name from the title of the eldest son of the King of France (for the time being Louis XVI) and the name of the city in some of its earliest records being called Louisburg; France at that time being uppermost in the affections of the people in consequence of its friendliness and efficient aid rendered to the colonies in the days of their extremity. The original town was laid out in 1785 and was incorporated into a borough in 1791. John Harris, the elder, was an adventurous English trader who built the first house here in 1726 and secured a grant of 800 acres of land. His son John, the founder of the town, established a ferry here in 1753 and the place was known for many years as Harris' Ferry. The town of Harrisburg became the capital of the State in 1812 and was chartered as a city in 1861. The Harrisburg Conference, famous in American political history, was held here in 1788 and Harrison and Tyler were nominated here in 1839.

Topography. — High hills and higher mountain ranges surround the city and the intervening valleys are made up of rich rolling farmlands intersected by many streams of varying width. The Susquehanna river-front is spanned by four attractive bridges, two for railroads and two for vehicles and pedestrians. From various elevated points in the city glimpses can be had of the magnificent stone arch bridge of the Pennsylvania Railroad at Rockville, said to be the longest four-track stone bridge, in the world.

Commerce and Industry. — Harrisburg is a city of first importance in its iron, steel, lumber and railroad interests, the roundhouses and repair shops of the Pennsylvania Railroad are located here and give employment to thousands of workmen. There are extensive manufactories of machinery, malt liquors, boilers, castings, brooms, cars, coaches, tanned leather, lumber, cotton goods, beds, mattresses, coffins, silk goods and a number of rolling-mills, tin mills, blast furnaces, nail-works, typewriter works and boot and shoe factories. The city has one morning and two evening daily newspapers and many weekly and monthly publications.

Public Buildings and Activities. — The State capitol building, erected a few years ago at a cost exceeding $13,000,000, is the chief attraction among the public buildings. The main capitol building is constructed of steel and brick with facings of marble and granite. The style of architecture is composite. It stands

upon an elevation and from whichever direction approached presents an imposing appearance. The main entrance to the grounds is from State street, facing due west, and is by way of a wide stone stairway broadening at the top into an esplanade with fountains at either side. In the centre, overlooking the entrance, stands the equestrian statue, in bronze, of Gen. John F. Hartranft, facing the Dauphin County soldiers' monument to the memory of those who fell in the Civil War. On either side of the main entrance to the building, the Barnard groups of statuary complete and harmonize a strong ensemble. The interior of the building is well worth a visit. The decorations are the production of the highest art and are symbolical of the growth of civilization in America and the history of Pennsylvania. The State Library at the capitol, founded in 1790, contains over 100,000 volumes. The park which surrounds the capitol buildings is being enlarged and systematic steps are being taken for its future improvement. Among other places of interest in the city are the State arsenal, the courthouse, the Pennsylvania State lunatic hospital, the executive mansion and the post office. The Penn-Harris Hotel, the new hotel erected by the citizens under the auspices of the Chamber of Commerce, was formally opened 1 Jan. 1919. The educational institutions include the central high school, the technical high school, the Harrisburg Academy, Saint Genevieve's Academy and a young ladies' seminary. There are many charitable institutions, among the oldest of which are the Home for the Friendless and the Children's Industrial Home, the Harrisburg and other hospitals. The Chamber of Commerce and Civic Club are virile bodies and in active service.

Transportation. — Harrisburg has long been the centre of the Pennsylvania, Philadelphia and Reading, Cumberland Valley and Northern Central railroads. It also has in operation one of the most extensive electric street railway systems in the United States. The suburban railway service, both trolley and steam, is excellent, and has greatly aided in building up this outlying residential section of the city.

Churches. — Harrisburg has had for years the reputation of being “a Church-going Community.” There are within the limits of the city 83 churches and permanent church organizations. These are divided among 14 regular sectarian organizations as follows: Presbyterian 11; Methodist Episcopal 11; Lutheran 12; Baptist 8; Roman Catholic 6; Church of God 5; United Brethren in Christ 5; Protestant Episcopal 4; Reformed 4; Jewish 3; Zion Baptist 3; African Methodist Episcopal 3; United Evangelical 2; Brethren in Christ, Christian and Missionary Alliance, Christian Science, Disciples of Christ, Seventh Day Adventists and Salvation Army, each 1. Harrisburg is the seat of a Roman Catholic bishop.

Municipal Administration. — Under the act of assembly, approved Z7 June 1913, in governing cities of the third class in Pennsylvania, the form of the government was changed to the commission form. The legislative, executive and administrative powers are vested in the city council, composed of the mayor and four councilmen, elected at large on a non-partisan ticket, the mayor for four years and the councilmen for two years, with no restriction as to re-election. All legislative powers are exercised by the city council, the mayor, by virtue of his office, being president. The executive and administrative powers and authority are distributed into and among the following five departments: Department of public affairs, department of accounts and finance, department of public safety, department of streets and public improvements, department of parks and public property.

The city council determines the powers and duties to be performed and assigns them to the appropriate department. The mayor is designated as the superintendent of the department of public affairs, and the council at its first regular meeting after its election designates by majority vote one councilman to be superintendent of each of the remaining departments and has the power to change such designation whenever it appears that the public service would be benefited thereby. The councilman chosen as the superintendent of the department of accounts and finance becomes the vice-president of the city council and acting mayor during the absence or inability of the mayor to act, exercising all the rights and powers of the mayor. The council has the power of appointment and dismissal of all the employees and subordinate officers of the city, as well as the fixing of salaries and terms, except those fixed by the act of assembly and those appointments regulated by civil service. The following officers whose terms are fixed by law are elected by a majority vote of the council: City solicitor, city engineer, city treasurer, city clerk and city assessor. In addition to the above officers, the council has the power to create any office, public board or department which they may deem necessary for the good government and interests of the city. The schools are governed by a board of control or directors who are elected by a vote of the citizens.

Banks and Finance. — Harrisburg has four national banks and a dozen other banking institutions, trust companies and building and loan associations. The assessed real estate (1918) is $62,000,000; the tax rate is constantly changing; the municipal income amounts to $675,000. The principal items of expense are: Fire department, $48,500; water department, $108,500; street lighting, $68,800; police department, $105,700; highway department, $172,200.

Municipal Improvements. — As before stated, Harrisburg, through the progressiveness and enterprise of her citizens in the decade from 1902 to 1912, brought about results which won for her the sobriquet of “Model City.” These results are best shown by the following brief survey of the principal of her improvements as they stand at present, and the most particularly striking of these are her parks, briefly described as follows: Total acreage of parks, about 1,000. Paxtang park, 18 acres, an amusement park; Reservoir park, 88 acres, contains the city reservoir, which gives a lake setting to the park. The scenic view from the elevations in this park is the best that can be had from any point; Capitol park, 16 acres, contains the State capitol buildings, the equestrian statue of General and Governor John Frederick Hartranft, and the Mexican monument mentioned elsewhere; Harris park, 4 acres; river front from Paxton street to Mulberry street; Lincoln park, 2¼ acres, river front from Mulberry to Market streets; Promenade park, 3½ acres, river front from Market to State streets; D. W. Gross park 2 acres, river front from water house to Herr street. These four parks extend along the banks of the Susquehanna River for over a mile and are being farther extended at each end. Island park, 18 acres, site of filter plant, and public playground and athletic grounds; 12th street playgrounds, 8 acres, devoted to the use of children; Wildwood park, 666 acres, with large lake, boating in summer and skating in winter; boulevard or parkway, 146 acres, along streams and through beautiful ravines and meadows.

Paved Streets. — Total amount of paving, 1 Jan. 1918, 76.93 miles; total length of macadamized highways, 1 Jan. 1918, 9.06 miles; total length of earth and gravel highways, 1 Jan. 1918, 43.70 miles. It will be understood that this satisfactory result in the matter of street paving received its impetus from the movement in 1902. The city has more than 90 miles of sewers.

Population.— The population of Harrisburg under the census of (1910) was 64,186. The present estimated population is 83,000.

Consult Morgan, ‘Annals of Harrisburg,’ revised by F. M. Black (1906).


text: Portal talk:Early modern speeches

title: Portal talk:Early modern speeches


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Harrisburg Convention

HARRISBURG CONVENTION, a meeting called by the anti-Federalists of Pennsylvania to be held at Harrisburg, Pa., on 3 Sept. 1788 for the purpose of deliberating regarding the new Federal Constitution. Although the meeting was well attended and adopted resolutions carrying 12 amendments to the Federal Constitution, to be presented for action to the Pennsylvania legislature in form of a petition, it was abortive inasmuch as even this petition was never formally presented. Another meeting, known by the same name, was the assembly convened in 1828 at Harrisburg, Pa., by the protectionist faction of the New England and Middle States, consequent on the rejection of the high tarriff 'Woolen Bill' in the Senate, by the casting vote of the Vice-President. The forcible presentation of the cause of protection, and the demand of the convention for an increased duty on several manufactured articles, resulted in the passage of the high tariff bill of 1828. Consult Ford, P. L., ‘The Origin, Purpose and Result of the Harrisburg Convention of 1788’ (Brooklyn 1890).


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The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Harrison, Benjamin (statesman)

HARRISON, Benjamin, American statesman: b. Berkeley, Va., about 1740; d, April 1791. While a very young man he was elected to the house of burgesses of which he was twice speaker, and in 1773 was chosen a member of the committee which united the colonies against Great Britain. He was a member of the Continental Congress, 1774–77, being a member of many important committees, especially in connection with the conduct of the War of the Revolution, and on 4 July 1776, reported, as chairman of the committee of the whole House, the Declaration of Independence, of which he was one of the signers. He was opposed to the ratification of the Federal Constitution, but after its adoption supported the national government. Upon his return to Virginia he was

immediately re-elected to the house of burgesses and served as its speaker until 1782. From 1872-85 he was governor of Virginia. His brother, Charles, was a noted general in the American army during the Revolution, his son, (q.v.), became ninth President of the United States, and his great-grandson and namesake, (q.v.), 23d President of the United States. Consult Lossing, B. J., ‘Biographical Sketches of the Signers of the Declaration of American Independence, etc.’ (New York 1854); Sanderson, J., ‘Biography of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence’ (revised ed., Philadelphia 1865); Spark, J., ed., ‘The Diplomatic Correspondence of the American Revolution, etc.’ (12 vols., Boston 1829-30); United States Continental Congress, ‘Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774-77’ (W. C. Ford, ed., Vols. I-IX, Washington 1904-07).


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title: Template:Translation license/doc


text: Portal talk:Children's poetry

title: Portal talk:Children's poetry


text:
Portal talk:Children's literature

Some bibliographies and lists
These books contain reading lists and related information (such as reading age): These websites have reading lists that may be useful: I have noticed a bias towards more recent works, which will still be under copyright, but these resources might be useful building up a list on the portal. - AdamBMorgan (talk) 12:35, 3 June 2011 (UTC)
 * 100 Best Books for Children (via Google Books)
 * Book Sense Best Children's Books (via Google Books)
 * Reading Lists at Homschool Diner
 * Book Lists at the Association for Library Service to Children
 * Book Awards & Booklists at the Young Adult Library Services Association
 * Book List at Book Adventure
 * Reading Lists at the Children's Book Council
 * Reading Lists at the International Reading Association

 * I've added some of these, along with the contents of Portal:1001 Children's Books You Must Read Before You Grow Up. At present, I've added texts the might be in the public domain.  Everything followed by a ? may actually still be under copyright.  I'll check them when I can and remove the question mark or delete the line as appropriate. - AdamBMorgan (talk) 19:52, 7 June 2011 (UTC)

 * While I didn't expect all of the entries to be in public domain, I did think there would be a few more than this (especially those from the 20s-30s). At least we have a few more red links from this now. - AdamBMorgan (talk) 13:27, 8 June 2011 (UTC)

Portal organisation
We need to pause and think about how we order the texts in this portal. Currently the gallery is just in the order in which the works were added. It looks like the "other works" list is too. Should the works be listed in Title alpha order, Author alpha order, by sub-genre, by age appropriateness, or by something else?

Also, what qualifies a work to be in the gallery? How big should the gallery be?

How do we indicate Featured Text status? Let's also work on getting more of these texts to Featured status. Beeswaxcandle (talk) 20:56, 3 June 2011 (UTC)

 * Hey Beeswaxcandle, As a back story, I added texts which were either backed by scans or had pictures; no real impressive reason admittedly. But as the collection has grown, I agree that it certainly needs any organization. As for your suggested ways for improvement, I like the idea of separating by age group, then by title. Although this requires us to make some calls, I imagine we could reference these choices if possible. I imagine roughly three age groups, as doing so could be beneficial in organizing a book about the alphabet from Peter and Wendy. As for which are "featured" in the gallery, maybe we could employ a rotation system like the main page of Wikibooks? - Theornamentalist (talk) 22:15, 3 June 2011 (UTC)

 * I've been looking around for a standard set of age ranges. I've haven't found a standard but here are some examples:
 * 1001 Children's Books You Must Read Before You Grow Up appears to use 0-3, 3+, 5+, 8+ and 12+.
 * 100 Best Books for Children uses 0-2 (Board Books), 2-8 (Picture Books), 5-7 (Beginning Readers), 7-9 (Young Readers), 8-11 (Middle Readers) and 11-12 (Older Readers).
 * Book Sense Best Children's Books doesn't have ages but uses "Babies and Toddlers", "Picture Books for Younger Children", "Picture Books for Older Children", "Chapter Books", "Middle Grade" and "Young Adult".
 * Jacqueline Wilson's website (jacquelinewilson.co.uk) uses (for her own books) 5-7, 7-9, 9-11 and 12+.
 * Family Education (school.familyeducation.com) uses 2-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9-10, 11-12 and "Older Teens/Adults".
 * childrensbooks.about.com (Link) uses 0-3 (First Books), 3-6 (Pre- to Beginner), 6-10 (Learn to Read), 9-12 (Grades 4-7), "Young Adult Books", "Classics".
 * Boise Public Library (Link), the first library on Google, has a few lists based on US grade level.
 * Educating Together (Link) uses 0-2, 2-4, 5-7, 7-8, 8-9, 9-10, 10-11 (with UK key stages).
 * The Publisher's Association (UK) has apparently recently started using 5+, 7+, 9+ and 11+ (printed on the book near the barcode).
 * None of these quite match up but I think we could synthesise something from them. I like 1001's approach of having a "x and up" based system rather than a strict age range.  It avoids the idea that children can grow out of books or should be past some arbitrary point.  Not only is this a problem I found noted in books while I searched but I would quite happily read some of these myself and I am well past all of these age limits.  On the other hand, using grades/key stages to match educational systems has advantages and should provide some useful lists in Google searches. - AdamBMorgan (talk) 02:07, 5 June 2011 (UTC)

Merge to Portal:Children's literature
I am failing to see the difference in portals between this and Portal:Children's literature, and I know that some works are appearing on both. I would think that we could merge the two and make this page a redirect to the other. — billinghurst  sDrewth  11:30, 5 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Portal:Children's literature appears to be more of a disambiguation page (with a stronger visual element). I generally agree with this merger, although we have little in the way of space restrictions.
 * I also think conversion to the box portal format may work best with this portal as it has more visual impact. Alternatively, a hybrid portal with the lists flanked by box elements; maybe converting the gallery into a vertical list specific to each age rating? (Keeping the see also boxes from Children's literature would be nice.)
 * Alternatively: move Portal:Children's literature to just Portal:Children and modify to include other non-literature portals (for example, education and health related subjects); then this can be moved to the vacant Portal:Children's literature. Those portals may need to be created and populated, however. - AdamBMorgan (talk) 19:14, 7 June 2011 (UTC)

title: Portal talk:Children's literature


text: Portal talk:Children's fairy tales

title: Portal talk:Children's fairy tales


text: Portal talk:Children's education

title: Portal talk:Children's education


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Harrison, Benjamin (President)

HARRISON, Benjamin, 23d President of the United States: b. North Bend, Ohio, 20 Aug. 1833; d. Indianapolis, Ind., 13 March 1901. He was a great-grandson of Benjamin Harrison, signer of the ../Declaration of Independence/ (q.v.), and grandson of William Henry Harrison, ninth President (q.v.). He was graduated from Miami University (Oxford, Ohio) in 1852, studied law in Cincinnati, was admitted to the bar in 1853 and in 1854 began in Indianapolis the practise of his profession. In 1860 he was elected reporter of the Supreme Court of the State. At the time of his election to the Presidency (1888) he was one of the foremost leaders of the State bar. At the outbreak of the Civil War he assisted in recruiting the 70th regiment of Indiana Volunteers, of which he became colonel (August 1862). He was an exceedingly efficient commander. For some time he was detailed to guard railways in the West; and in the campaign from Chattanooga to Atlanta the regiment was in the 20th Army corps, the commander of which was Gen. Joseph Hooker. Harrison commanded a brigade at Peach Tree Creek, where he served with especial distinction, and also at Nashville. He was present at Johnston's surrender at Durham Station, N. C., in 1865, was brevetted brigadier-general for his services in command of the brigade, and in June of that year was mustered out. The Supreme Court in Indiana had declared that Harrison by his enlistment vacated his office of reporter, and a Democrat was elected by default to fill that office for the unexpired term. At the election of 1864 Harrison, while still in the field, was rechosen. In 1867 he refused a renomination, and recommenced his legal practice, in which he was largely retained in both the Federal and State courts. In 1876 he became, on the retirement of the original candidate, the Republican candidate for the governorship, and though he ran about 2,000 votes ahead of his ticket, he was defeated by a Democratic plurality of 3,000. He was appointed a member of the Mississippi River commission in 1879, and in 1880 was chairman of the Indiana delegation in the Republican National Convention. At that convention, where he east nearly the entire vote of the State for Garfield, he was himself mentioned in connection with the Presidency. From 1881 to 1887 he was in the United States Senate, in which he took rank as a prominent debater. He opposed Cleveland's vetoes of the pension bills,

urged increase in the navy and civil-service reform, and as chairman of the Committee on Territories demanded the admission as States of North and South Dakota, Montana, Washington and Idaho. In 1884 he was a delegate to the Republican National Convention. At the convention of 1888 (Chicago, Ill.) he was presented by the solid Indiana delegation as a candidate for the nomination to the Presidency; and on the eighth ballot he received the nomination by a vote of 544. The campaign was a vigorous one, and Harrison made many excellent speeches. He was elected, receiving in the electoral college 233 ballots to 168 for Grover Cleveland. His administration was broadly characterized by a firm defense of American interests in foreign affairs and a general promotion of industry and governmental effectiveness. During this time the 55th Congress passed the tariff act known as the McKinley Law; the reciprocity system was introduced; the new navy was extended; civil-service reform was promoted; and the Pan-American Congress with Representatives from all Central and South American countries was held at Washington in the winter of 1889-90. The Bering Sea arbitration respecting the seal fisheries was also organized between Great Britain and the United States. The Samoan difficulties were adjusted; and the Chile affair, concerned with an attack on American sailors either connived at or permitted by Chilean authorities, was promptly and satisfactorily settled by enforced reparation on the part of Chile. At the Minneapolis convention of 1892 Harrison was renominated without serious opposition. He was a second time opposed by Cleveland, and his defeat by 276 electoral votes to 145 was an occasion for some surprise. Upon his retirement from office, he returned to the practice of law, and in 1893-94 delivered a course of lectures on constitutional law at Stanford University. In 1899 he appeared as counsel for Venezuela in the Anglo-Venezuelan Boundary Arbitration Commission. He was appointed a member for the United States of the Peace Conference held at The Hague in 1899, and became one of the International Board of Arbitration. He wrote ‘This Country of Ours’ (1897). A complete collection of his public addresses from 1888 to 1892 was edited by Hedges (1892). A posthumous collection of articles, ‘Views of an Ex-President,’ was published in 1901. Consult the campaign life by Lew Wallace (1888), and Wilson (editor), ‘The Presidents of the United States’ (1894).

BENJAMIN HARRISON

Twenty-third President of the United States


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text: Portal talk:United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit


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Portal talk:Pre-1945 State Roads in Florida

Sourcing? Copyright?
I'm curious about this category of Wikisource pages. Several issues: At some point this should probably be discussed on a general project page, but first I wanted to leave a note for those who have worked on the page. -Pete (talk) 00:21, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
 * The source does not seem to be indicated anywhere on the pages, talk pages, this category, etc.
 * Copyright status does not seem to be asserted anywhere.
 * The naming convention seems unusual.
 * I'm not certain whether, even if all the above are addressed, whether these pages are in Wikisource's scope. They may be, but I don't see that it's a clear-cut case, so I'd be interested in coments about this.
 * I've brought this up for discussion at WS:Scriptorium. -Pete (talk) 21:16, 8 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Update, another editor found a good source, I've added it to all the individual talk pages, and removed "no source" and "no license" tags. Ideally, it would be good to link each law directly to the relevant PDF, but it's not that much effort for the reader to take that step, so probably not an emergency. -Pete (talk) 02:05, 19 April 2024 (UTC)


text: Index:The Salticidae (Spiders) of Panama.djvu


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 Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy

AT HARVARD COLLEGE

Vol. 97

THE SALTICIDAE (Spiders) OF PANAMA

Arthur M. Chickering

Albion College

CAMBRIDGE, MASS., U. S. A.

PRINTED FOR THE MUSEUM

September, 1946


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Page:The Salticidae (Spiders) of Panama.djvu/2

 PUBLICATIONS OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOÖLOGY AT HARVARD COLLEGE

The Bulletin and Memoirs are devoted to the publication of investigations by the Staff of the Museum or of reports by specialists upon the Museum collections or explorations.

Of the Bulletin, Vols. 1 to 95, and Vol. 96, Nos. 1, 2 and 3 have appeared and of the Memoirs, Vols. 1 to 55. These publications are issued in numbers at irregular intervals. Each number of the Bulletin and of the Memoirs is sold separately. A price list of the publications of the Museum will be sent upon application to the Director of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Publication of Memoirs ceased with Vol. 55.


text: Category:Language link templates

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Page:The Salticidae (Spiders) of Panama.djvu/1

 Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy

AT HARVARD COLLEGE

Vol. 97

THE SALTICIDAE (Spiders) OF PANAMA

Arthur M. Chickering

Albion College

CAMBRIDGE, MASS., U. S. A.

PRINTED FOR THE MUSEUM

September, 1946


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 F. Cambridge ('01) listed two hundred and sixty-six species of Salticidae from all of Central America including many not in the collections studied by him and known only from records made by other students of the family. Petrunkevitch ('25) listed one hundred and six species including several conjectured to be present in Panama but not definitely recorded from the country. Among these were described eight species as new to science. Banks ('29) reported sixty-one species, mostly from the Canal zone. Twelve species were regarded as new to science. Chamberlin and Ivie ('36) described eighteen new species from my collection of 1928. Most of these have proved to be synonyms of known species and are referred to in the appropriate parts of this paper. From my collections of 1934, 1936, and 1939 I have separated out one hundred and seventy-two species. Among these eighty-one species are considered new and are described as such. Twenty-nine holotypes are accompanied by their allotypes. Twelve allotypes of previously known species have been identified and described in detail, and numerous hypotypes have also been described. Fourteen new genera have been established for those species which seemed to have no place among the known genera. Altogether, more than two hundred species of Salticids are now known from Panama.

The problem of the subdivision of the family Salticidae into subfamilies and smaller groups remains one of the major questions facing all arachnologists interested in the family. F. Cambridge ('01) divided all Central American Salticidae into two subfamilies, the Toxeinae and the Salticinae. He included in the former all which he considered pedunculate and in the latter all those not pedunculate. While most students of the family would disagree with Cambridge in respect to such a division into subfamilies, I believe he showed, on the whole, a good understanding of natural relationships in his groupings within the Salticinae. Simon ('01) in his great Histoire Naturelle des Araignees worked out a very complete but highly artificial system of classification for the family. He divided all Salticidae into three divisions, the Unidentati, Fissidentati, and the Pluridentati. Those with no teeth on the retromargin of the fang groove he placed with the Unidentati. In his Systema Aranearum, Petrunkevitch ('28) discussed the inadequacies of Simon's system but found no satisfactory alternative. This resulted in his making the same fundamental subdivision into three major divisions after which he arranged Simon's "Groupes" into twenty-three subfamilies. Throughout his subsequent writings this author (1929–1930, 1939, 1942) has followed the same


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 system with minor changes although he has frequently expressed his dissatisfaction with it.

Banks ('29) recognized among his Panamanian spiders only the subfamilies Attinae and Lyssomaninae. The former he separated into the following groups: Marpissini, Rudrini, Dendryphantini, Habrocestini, Ballini, Amycini, Phyalini, and Synemosynini. Bryant ('40) followed Petrunkevitch's Systema Aranearum "since it includes all spider genera known up to that time and is the one at present used in the Zoological Record".

After struggling with this problem for several years I have decided to recognize for the present only two subfamilies, the Lyssomaninae and the Salticinae. The latter I have broken up into several groups based upon what I regard as features which express a natural relationship. In the light of knowledge which has accumulated during the past fifty years I think considerable success may attend the effort to arrange all of the Salticidae from Panama into their natural groups, although I realize quite well that few will be satisfied with my treatment of these. It is, however, my earnest hope that the work presented in this paper will help later students of the family to resolve the troubles which they are certain to encounter. For convenience, all genera and species are arranged alphabetically within their respective groups.

Through their generous support of my work, the directors of the Horace H. and Mary A. Rackham Fund have made it possible for me to spend the summers of 1934, 1936, and 1939 in Panama collecting and studying in the field. Mr. Nathan Banks, Dr. Joseph C. Bequaert and Miss Elizabeth B. Bryant, all of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College, have on numerous occasions since 1934 extended every courtesy of their laboratories to me. The use of the collections of spiders in the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy and especially of the Peckham types of salticids have been of inestimable value. A grant-in-aid for the summer of 1945 made by Dr. Thomas Barbour, Director of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy, made it possible for me to complete this study. It is with a deep sense of gratitude that I make acknowledgements for these specific aids and for others too numerous to mention. Without the help of these supporters and friends my work of the past ten years would have been impossible.

I am also pleased to be able to state that all types established in this paper are deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy.


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 A HERETIC IRISH BISHOP

or two after the return in 1880 of the Liberal party to power, one of its most influential supporters, the son of a bishop, introduced into the House of Commons a bill for "the abolition of the congé d'élire and for the appointment to the episcopal bench direct by letters patent under the great seal." An interesting debate ensued and the bill was opposed on behalf of the government by the then Mr. Arthur Peel. At a later period in the discussion Mr. Gladstone intervened with his accustomed interest in ecclesiastical affairs. He urged that the existence of the congé acted as a moral check upon the prerogative of the crown and supported his argument by a reference to a case which occurred in the time of Sir Robert Walpole. That minister wished "to appoint a certain Dr. Rundle to a bishopric" but on account of his doctrines opposition in the chapter of the see to which it was intended to send him was threatened by his theological opponents. Sir Robert thereupon "transferred him to Ireland" where the absence of a congé d'élire permitted him to carry out his desires without any restraint. Ireland was then and for long years afterwards the dumping ground of the parson and the placeman. It was a country in which the presence of a heretic on the episcopal bench was a matter of no consequence;


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 2 a country where in the words of Sir James Mackintosh "anybody might be anything."

This heretic bishop Thomas Rundle, the diocesan of Derry, came from Devonshire, and is said to have been born at Milton Abbot about 1686. Members of his family had lived there and in the adjoining parish of Lamerton for several generations, but his father, also Thomas Rundle, was the son of a resident in Tavistock, the county town of those parishes. In 1691 he succeeded to the rectory of Whimple, a few miles from Exeter, and in 1697 was installed as prebendary of Exeter. The boy naturally went to the grammar-school of that city where the head-master was John Reynolds, whose portrait by his nephew Sir Joshua Reynolds hangs in the provost's lodge at Eton. When over 50 years old (1740) Rundle wrote to Alured Clarke, who had just been elevated to the deanery, that Exeter still continued the delight of his imagination. It was "by far the finest climate and most agreeable place of residence in England." He dwelt on "the variety of public walks round the town, the beauty of the landscapes, and the warmth of the air. The trees there shoot with a more luxuriant verdure, the flowers glow with warmer colours and the fruits ripen to a richer flavour . . . the fig and the grape scarce desire better skies." Had he lived in the twentieth century, he would have added to these praises the ease with which a resident within its walls can escape by rail or motor to sea or moor.

Like most other west-country youths, Rundle entered at Exeter college, Oxford, matriculating on 5 April, 1704. His technical description in the college was that of sojourner, and he remained there until 3 Dec. 1712 when he left with the degree of B.C.L. On 5th of July, 1723 he proceeded to the degree of LL.D. Thomas Rennell, another Devonian, and the bearer of a name which became famous among the leading preachers in the English church a


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 4 I say ?) so daringly good and honest in principle" that their guest believed himself to be amongst the primitive christians in the first century. The colours of this halcyon picture soon faded away.

The weakness of Rundle revealed itself to the critical eye of Thomas Emlyn, the first unitarian minister in England. He was not so temperate and abstemious as a confessor for the faith ought to be, and Emlyn was not long in remarking that he "did not seem cut out for such sufferings as counsellors are to expect." The truth forced itself upon poor Whiston with even more directness. He was invited to "eat a cheesecake" with Talbot and Rundle, but when the innocent heretic went he found "such a collation of wine and sweet-meats prepared as little corresponded to the terms of the invitation." The secret of the repast was soon disclosed. They announced their intention to sign the 39 articles and to take preferment in the church. Whiston broke out into bitter reproaches and continued his sarcasms in after years. Some time afterwards, on being told that Rundle attributed the "apostolical constitutions" to the fourth century, he threw out the sarcasm "make him dean of Durham and they will not be written till the fifth."

The good offices of his friend's father William Talbot, then bishop of Salisbury, were quickly exercised. Rundle was ordained deacon on 29 July, 1716, and priest a week later. He was at once appointed the bishop's domestic chaplain and before the year ran out was made prebendary of the cathedral church. In July of the following year he was promoted to a better prebendal stall, in April 1720 he became archdeacon of Wilts and in January 172 1 he succeeded his friend, Talbot, in the treasurership of the cathedral. These preferments did not exhaust the bishop's good will, for he gave him in 1719 the vicarage of Inglesham and in 1720 the rectory of Poulshot, both of them in Wiltshire.


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 6 in defence of Christianity." Berkeley became acquainted with him about 1721 and in 1725 received from him the munificent sum of £100 in support of his charitable works at Bermuda. His interest in the American colonies was further shown by his acting as a clerical trustee for the establishment of the colony of Georgia.

There are several competitors for the distinction of having been the first person to detect the beauties of James Thomson's poem of "Winter," and Rundle is one of them. After its publication, he recommended the poet to the patronage of Charles Talbot, who rose to the position of lord chancellor and through his influence Thomson went in 1730-1 on the continent as "bear-leader" to the chancellor's eldest son, Charles Richard Talbot. The young man died in September 1733 and Thomson opened the first part of his poem "Liberty 1735" with some lines in his praise. Thomson, in the poem which he printed in June 1737 on the chancellor, apostrophised Rundle as "thou darling friend! thou brother of his soul!" and as straying "on the pebbled shore, pensive" near Derry, driven from his "native sunshine" and his friends "the sunshine of the soul, by slanderous zeal and politics infirm." Thomson on Rundle's suggestion began a play on the story of Socrates but was dissuaded by three of his friends, Pitt, Lyttelton and Gilbert West, from continuing it.

Talbot's enormous income as bishop of Durham never sufficed for his profuse expenditure. To play the part of prince-bishop was congenial to him and he enjoyed appearing on horseback at all the reviews which the King attended. His domestic chaplain Rundle partook of his lavishness; he was throughout life fond of the pleasures of the table, and his "cheesecake" parties gradually expanded into more profuse entertainments. Though he took no pleasure in "the murders and assassinations of innocent hares and rabbits"


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 8 church. Attempts were made to dissuade him from this act but all efforts were futile. Whiston whose honesty is above suspicion made personal enquiries, as a friend of both parties, into the truth of the allegation and came to the conclusion that the charge was made in error.

An emissary from the lord chancellor called at Venn's rectory and hinted that the deanery of Wells would soon be vacant. "Let the chancellor know that I scorn his bribe" was the response. The interviewer then changed his tone with the prophecy that Venn's action would prove his ruin. The rector having obtained from his wife the assurance that she could support them with her needle and from his son the expression that he would like to be a waterman, calmly dismissed the agent with the words "there, sir, report what you have heard to the chancellor and tell him I defy him." The incident calls to mind the interview of Andrew Marvell with the emissary from Charles II. Venn with his wonted openness spoke shortly afterwards in a bookseller's shop of Conyers Middleton as an "apostate priest." Conyers with more vigour than usual, retaliated with the sentence "should I chance to describe a certain priest by the title of the Accuser, there is scarce a man in England who would not think on Mr. V—." The see of Gloucester was unfilled for more than a year, throughout which period rumour after rumour prevailed in political circles, and pamphlet after pamphlet issued from the press. Sir Thomas Robinson, the "long Sir Thomas," wrote to lord Carlisle that the lord Chancellor having been told that his nominee was never to be a bishop had declared that should the congé d'élire be issued for the election of any other person he would give up the seals. Sixteen pamphlets, most of them with titles of portentous length, are entered under Rundle's name in the catalogue of the British Museum library as dealing with this protracted controversy and among


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 10 that "Rundle has a heart." Swift a month after the consecration, had dined thrice in his company and had found out his only fault, "he drinks no wine and I drink nothing else." A third friend, Lyttleton, in his Persian letters dwelt on his christian virtues, "if the visible mark of your religion be meekness, or charity, or justice or temperance or piety all these are most conspicuous in the doctor." The truest of all was no doubt the estimate of Pulteney. "Rundle is far from being the great and learned man his friends would have the world believe him and much farther yet from the bad man his enemies represent him." A year after the appointment Swift still dwelt on his good qualities and the affection in which he was held. "He is a most excessive Whig but without any appearing rancour, . . . besides, £3000 a year is an invincible sweetness."

Rundle crossed to Ireland with the determination of ruling his diocese in a manner acceptable to his clergy. He took with him an Irish clergyman as his chaplain, which was, says Swift, "a very wise and popular action," and he was resolved to "prefer those educated in the country, with regard only to their merit and learning." One exception to this rule he contemplated. This was Thomas Birch the antiquary and biographer to whom he had hoped, these were his words in May 1738, to have been in a position ere this to settle in Ireland. The gift offered at first might be small, but if life lasted a more lucrative preferment should be his reward. His diocese contained "35 beneficed clergymen . . . and they are all regular, decent and neighbourly; each hath considerable and commendable general learning but not one is eminent for any particular branch of knowledge," an estimate which will remind the reader of Dr. Johnson's comment on Scotch learning. The curates were more troublesome, for not infrequently they were "fathers of 8 or 10 children, without any thing but an allowance of £40 a year


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 12 poor, soldiers and bishops meet together often in my library."

The bishop, one April, described his health as like the season, one hour sunshine, the next clouds. Lord Orrery wrote to old Tom Southerne (January 1735-6) that doctor Rundle's condition "mends apace, at which wine-bibbers are offended and water-bibbers rejoice." He was in England in the spring of 1737 and active in the interests of his friends. He was eager for the wedding of John Talbot to Miss Decker and on 21 May he officiated at the marriage of "Leonidas" Glover to "the handsomest woman in England, worth all the nine muses." In January 1738-9 the winter had its influence on his "crazy constitution" but the "noble cordial ipecacuanha, frequently taken, undoes all the mischiefs of the weather." At Dublin the winters were the finest and the summers the dreariest that could be imagined. It was his design in Sept. 1740 to spend the winter and spring in London at John Talbot's in Red Lion Square and when summer came and he had visited some other friends to return to Ireland "for ever." He had grown too old and inactive for any further expeditions but the health and spirits which he had recovered led him to anticipate further happiness "talking in an elbow chair."

Slowly it came home to the valetudinarian that the remaining days of his life were few in number. In March 1742-3 he wrote to Archdeacon S., "Adieu, for ever . . . believe me, my friend, there is no comfort in this world, but a life of virtue and piety ... I have lived to be conviva Satur, passed through good report and evil report, have not been injured more than outwardly by the last and solidly benefitted by the former." He died at his house in William Street, Dublin on 15 April 1743 and was buried in St Peter's churchyard, where a handsome monument was erected to his memory. The bulk of his fortune, £20,000 was left to John


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36 1735. His father, a man of some reputation both in the church and in literature, was the Revd. Ferdinando Warner who claimed to be of the same family with bishop Warner of Rochester but is said to have been educated at a "dissenting academy" at Findern, near Derby, which for many years was directed with great reputation by Ebenezer Latham, M.D. He held the vicarage of Ronde in Wiltshire from 1730 to 1747, became the rector of the London parish of St. Michael, Queenhythe, in February 1746-7, and, through the gift of the dean and chapter of St. Paul's cathedral, held with it from 1758 the rectory of Barnes. He died on the 3rd of October 1768 aged 64, leaving behind him a reputation for preaching and for ability but nothing more substantial. Many years previously he had published the "scheme of a fund for the better maintenance of the widows and children of the clergy, 1752" which had more than once been submitted to the Archbishop of Canterbury and had received some alterations from him. He illustrated in his own case the necessity for such a scheme of assistance, for he left his family without any resource save that which they might receive from his son.

The chief works of Ferdinando Warner in literature related to Ireland. In 1763 he published the first volume, bringing the narrative down to the year 1171, of a history of that country. His preface sets out the assistance which he had received, especially the generous hospitality of Trinity College, when examining the foundation-libraries and the private collections at Dublin. But he was disappointed in his expectations of a grant from the Irish Parliament towards its continuance, and it went no farther. In 1767 he brought out the narrative "of the rebellion and the civil war" which devastated that land. Lecky speaks of this work as "very valuable" and praises him as "a very honest, moderate and painstaking writer." His pen was often in request by the


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38 in the autumn of 1767. Next year he was dead, and the comment was that "fate had verified his own observation that arthritic complaints are never to be totally cured." Many letters by him are in the Newcastle correspondence at the British Museum; two are printed among the correspondence of Garrick. His son knew Garrick well and was much attached to the great actor.

"Jack" was admitted at St. Paul's School, London, on 30 March, 1747, at the age of 11, when his father was living on Bread Street hill, and was a Pauline exhibitioner at the school in 1755. Warner, according to F. [no doubt William Fiend, who suffered for his opinions at the hands of Jesus College, Cambridge] the writer of his memoir in the Monthly Magazine for 1800, pp. 167—9, went from school to Lisbon to be trained in commercial life but soon found the life of a city-office uncongenial to his disposition and returned to England. From 1755 to 1760 he was a Perry exhibitioner from the school to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he had been admitted sizar under the tutorship of the rev. Stephen Whisson, on 6 November, 1754 his father being then resident at Lewisham. His degrees were B.A. 1758, M.A. 1761, and he proceeded as D.D. in 1773. Between 1758 and 1761 he was ordained in the English Church. He had the reputation, says Jack Taylor, of being a "good Greek, Latin, and French scholar."

When the Rev. Dr. James Trail, by his appointment to the bishopric of Down and Connor, resigned his livings of West Ham and Horslydown, Warner was appointed, on 10 October 1765 by the crown to the vicarage of West Ham, and his jovial friend, the rev. Richard Penneck of the British Museum, to the rectory of Horslydown. On this Essex benefice he remained until 1775, and in November 1768 his mother and sisters came to dwell with him in the parsonage house. A good son and brother he bore, for the


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40 anyone who indulged in that form of pulpit oratory. Its plan is said to be a resemblance of Don Quixote; its style to be a reminiscence of Rabelais.

The first volume was published in 1758, and eight hundred copies were sold in 24 hours. After two years of uninterrupted circulation this picaresque story came under the condemnation, perhaps the unwilling condemnation, of the Inquisition. The second volume lingered in manuscript for several years. Baretti, the Italian friend of Dr. Johnson, asserted that it was his property, alleging that de Isla had given him "his only copy of this second volume, partly written by a careful amanuensis and partly with his own hand." When it appeared in print for the first time the title-page bore the imprint of En Campazas, but this was of course a jest, and Ticknor, the careful chronicler of Spanish literature, adopted, after an examination of the type and the paper, the current conviction that it had been printed in our country. The English translation was published by T. Davies, in two volumes, in 1772; another issue of the same date, purported to have been published at Dublin by Thomas Ewing. A copy at the British Museum which formerly belonged to that omnivorous reader, the rev. John Mitford, editor of the Gentleman's Magazine, contains a few notes in his neat handwriting. This anonymous rendering into English is assigned to Warner by Richard Twiss in his travels through Portugal and Spain, 1775, p. 442, by the writer in the European Magazine for 1800, p. 174, by the cataloguer of Archdeacon Wrangham's English library, and by F. in the Monthly magazine, where it is called "a work to be read by everyone who cultivates the eloquence of the pulpit."


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 42 at Matson, his estate near Gloucester, " and the neighbour- hood flocked to hear him but his style and manner," says Selwyn, " were very different from my ideas of pulpit eloquence. He intended by his intimacy with Garrick to improve them, but it has to my impressions had a very different effect. I love great simplicity in everything, but most in reading and preaching." Richard Warner, of Bath, no relation of our Doctor, narrates in his work describing the chief excursions from that city (1801) that he found the parishioners at Stourton still mindful of his namesake's " impressive pulpit eloquence, his kindness of heart and courtesy of manners." The doctor passed much time at Stourton in the company of sir Richard Colt Hoare, to whom he was indebted for his presentation to the living in 1790. He charmed all persons with his society, for few " equalled him in companionable gaiety." It mattered not in what circle he moved. He was the delight of the guests in the dining-room, and after he had taken his "usual" quantity of wine, " he would descend into the servants' hall with his pipe to which he was addicted and pour out with his vigorous puffs the finest strokes or wit and brightest scintillations of conceit." " Jack " Warner used to pay frequent visits to Hampshire, dividing his favours between two houses, noted for their hospitality, near Christchurch. One of them, The Priory, belonged to a well-known antiquary called Gustavus Brander. The other, Stourfield House, about three miles from that town had been built for his own abode by Edward Bott, who published in 1771 a " collection of cases relating to the Poor laws." Brander's entertainments were moderate in style and broke up in reasonable time. Those of Bott were protracted far into the night and the wine flowed freely. Warner had consented to preach one Sunday morning at Christchurch and the news spread throughout the parish.


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 44 the transaction has been given as 1786. But that year is probably incorrect, for Selwyn, writing in 1781 fixed Warner's income " at about four hundred pounds a year .... the greatest part is the interest of some money in the funds, saved when he was a preacher at Tavistock chapel, which was a very beneficial occupation to him." It is with George Selwyn that we chiefly connect the name of our Doctor, and many of the " most agreeable letters " in Jesse's collection of that wit's correspondence were written by him, including one in French to M. Garenne, the landlord of the hotel at Montreuil. They can be supplemented by Selwyn's letters to Lord Carlisle in the appendix, part VI. to the fifteenth report of the historical manuscripts commission. He was Selwyn's junior by about 17 years, and "dear George " was nearing sixty when their friendship is first recorded in print. From Warner's first letter written at Padua in August, 1778, it would seem that Selwyn and he had travelled from London to Milan together, and had just parted. Padua was a delight to him, and Selwyn must join in his joy. True that the " grass grows in the streets," but how much better was that than the noise of the " unruly rabble " of Milan. Later in the month he was at Venice, when he gives an amusing account of John Strange, the British Resident, and from the Grand canal saw the city in all her beauty. " Howard, of Bedford, the jail man," whose acquaintance he must have made at Venice, had just left that city, and this passing reference is of some importance in the life of Warner for a few years afterwards he was conspicuous in starting a movement for honouring the career of that philan- thropist. A little later in 1778 Warner is found in Paris, where he was playing the spy in Selwyn's interest upon some lady. There he stayed prattling in his letters to Selwyn on the literature and politics of the day until early in April 1779. One of his sisters was with him for we learn that


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 46 at cards and he did not demur, when he had finished his Sunday duty, to pass to the pleasures of the table and to the rubber at whist with bolted doors, that followed. " Ay sir !" he cries to Selwyn in impassioned language, " that game of whist of an evening, and its events, is a vast thing. Last night, by a lucky deal, I gave myself eight trumps, and my partner the other five. I won the first trick and led a trump, when, upon my adversary on the left hand renouncing, his partner (a grave divine with a large black wig, and a solemn face with a pipe stuck in it), gave with an impetuosity which made him drop his said pipe that had been newly lighted, a ' what ! ' of such sharp, shrill astonishment, that you could not but have laughed at it if present, and have remembered it in future." His friends allowed that he was a prodigious smoker and that in his rooms he was rarely seen without a pipe in his mouth. In that pastime they could even claim for him equality with the other whig doctor of divinity, Dr. Parr. But they insisted that he was a gourmet in eating and not given to excess over his wine. Some of the more enthusiastic of his friends went beyond these assertions. The chronicler in the Gentleman's Magazine for January 1800 laid down that Warner was " moderate to an extreme at the table and equally abstemious at the bottle ; a book and a pipe and cheerful conversation (in which he eminently excelled) were his supreme delight." Against this must be set Warner's own account to Selwyn of his dinner with Henry Hoare of the banking family and Philip Champion Crespigny, King's proctor and M.P. for Sudbury, a wit and diner-out. " The whim took them, as it sometimes will, to have a blackguard scheme of dining in my cabin, and ordering their dinner ; and a very good one they had : mackerel, a delicate neck of veal, a piece of Hamborough beef, cabbage and salad, and a gooseberry tart ; and when they had drunk the bottle of white wine, and of port, which accompanied the dinner, and


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 48 achieved, — not without some suffering of the hero, or it would not have been worth recording." On that expedition, each night that he stopped at an inn, the landlord, " put me into a common room, with my brethren of the bag, who (as these fellows have all their walks like the cock-robins, and are as jealous of interference,) were presently solicitous to know what I dealt in ; — " a very light commodity," was the answer; which was repeated until it grew stale to myself, and which produced many ingenious guesses : but with the dark saying I was obliged to give the interpretation, and tell them I meant words, which, as they found I was no com- petitor, was a good joke, and we sat down very sociably, and settled the affairs of the nation." He had his joke on his arrival. He came to Scrivelsby on a Friday evening. " Why ! because I know it is a trick of my old friends the neighbouring parsons, to hold a convocation on Saturdays, —as we shall do to-morrow, — and then for whist, back- gammon, and tobacco, till we can't see, hear, or speak ! By this trick of their's hangs a tolerable tale. Roger the servant of one of them, who is not remarkable for the happiest enunciation, asked Humphrey, the servant of another, what the deuce could be the meaning that their masters met so on Saturdays, of all days? "Why! what do'st think, fool," cried Numps, archly, " but to change sarmunts among one another ? " " Neay, then," said Roger, " I'm zure as how they uses my measter very badly, for he always has the worst." Another visit was to Blundeston in Suffolk, pre- sumably to Blundeston House, at that time occupied by Norton Nicholls, the friend of Gray. Warner would find in him a parson of congenial habits and a fellow-traveller who had seen many cities. The house and grounds formed one of the chief interests in the life of Nicholls, and to their beauti- fying he devoted his time and his money. (George Selwyn and his Contemporaries, by J. H. Jesse, 1844, IV., pp. 244-6.)


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 50 the " poor snail," " snail," or " your loving snail." He rushes off to the duke of Queensberry, another of the claimants of the child's being and reads to him Selwyn's letter on Mie Mie. But it was perhaps not the first occasion on which he had wearied " old Q " with such strains, for by his want of interest in the communication the Doctor rushed away in a huff. Warner's name crops up repeatedly in the letters of George Selwyn in the Carlisle manuscripts. The peer was very grateful for the services which Warner had rendered to him and Selwyn was very anxious that the doctor should receive some preferment in return for his exertions. The witty George with his great talents and abundant acuteness, had formed a just opinion of his friend's literary style and of his character. He loved " too much ornament in his writing." The letter which he had written to lord Carlisle was so full of compliments that it had been torn up, and conciseness had been recommended. " Parsons, University men and Templars," says Selwyn in his jargon of French and English, " r envoy ent bien loin la simplicity and when they would talk agreeably or write to obtain approbation give you such a hash of all their reading and such quaint compliments as make me sick. But one ought not to be angry with them. Cest le ton du corps and when ycu would set them right you have leur esprit d decroter before you can make them compre- hend that all their attempts to be notable are ridiculous." But Warner was a perfectly honest man, " uncommonly human and friendly and most actively so." He had too great a flow of spirits for his profession; "there is more buckram in that than he can digest or submit to. The archbishop who has been applied to in his favour by the late Mr. Townshend said he was too lively, but it was the worst he could say of him." Lord Bessborough had on one occasion rendered him an essential service and held him in great


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52 set out for that country on the 3rd of October, "in company with Messieurs de la Borde and de Comeyras. Lord North was for detaining them longer on account of this experiment. Many" said Warner "have been in treaty for the secret." Late in October Warner was at Versailles, writes Selwyn in his mixture of languages, on "the day of the accouchement de la Reine. They are preparing a great fête pour les relevailles and the shops are filled with things à la Dauphine. They talk much there of peace."

On the morning of the 13 November 1781 Selwyn received a visit from Warner. It had taken him exactly a week to pass from Paris to London and he had come in high spirits. Selwyn hoped that he would make no more excursions "for although he is more a cosmopolite than any man I ever knew, yet I think as the Maréchal de Biron once said to me on n'est jamais bien que chez soi."

Selwyn continued to think of Warner's interests. They dined together in the following February with Fawkener, a son of sir Everard Fawkener, the jolly old postmaster-general, at the house of Crespigny and the dinner was pronounced "a very agreeable one indeed." "You will not forget," continues Selwyn in his accustomed jargon, " Warner, I hope, when the opportunity comes à fin qu'il soit dans le cas d'en tirer de sa propre cave." Next month he again expresses his wish to lord Carlisle that he may not leave office before the "occasion will happen to serve poor Warner." Alas, it was too late; the time had slipped away. But the doctor bore his misfortune like a man. "Poor Warner!" writes Selwyn in ten lines of English without a word of French "He is very cheerful and declares with great generosity of mind and justice to you [lord Carlisle] that he shall not complain of his lot; he is persuaded that if you could help him you would, and that there are disappointments which a man must reconcile himself to."