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Rh Soon, now, as he left the chamber of Isabel, these mysteriousnesses remastered him completely; and as he mechanically sat down in the dining-room chair, gently offered him by Delly—for the silent girl saw that some strangeness that sought stillness was in him;—Pierre's mind was revolving how it was possible, or any way conceivable, that Lucy should have been inspired with such seemingly wonderful presentiments of something assumed, or disguising, or non-substantial, somewhere and somehow, in his present most singular apparent position in the eye of the world. The wild words of Isabel yet rang in his ears. It were an outrage upon all womanhood to imagine that Lucy, however yet devoted to him in her hidden heart, should be willing to come to him, so long as she supposed, with the rest of the world, that Pierre was an ordinarily married man. But how—what possible reason—what possible intimation could she have had to suspect the contrary, or to suspect anything unsound? For neither at this present time, nor at any subsequent period, did Pierre, or could Pierre, possibly imagine that in her marvellous presentiments of Love she had any definite conceit of the precise nature of the secret which so unrevealingly and enchantedly wrapped him. But a peculiar thought passingly recurred to him here.

Within his social recollections there was a very remarkable case of a youth, who, while all but affianced to a beautiful girl—one returning his own throbbings with incipient passion—became somehow casually and momentarily betrayed into an imprudent manifested tenderness toward a second lady; or else, that second lady's deeply concerned friends caused it to be made known to the poor youth, that such committal tenderness toward her he had displayed, nor had it failed to exert its natural effect upon her; certain it is, this second lady drooped

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440 and drooped, and came nigh to dying, all the while raving of the cruel infidelity of her supposed lover; so that those agonising appeals, from so really lovely a girl, that seemed dying of grief for him, at last so moved the youth, that—morbidly disregardful of the fact, that inasmuch as two ladies claimed him, the prior lady had the best title to his hand—his conscience insanely upbraided him concerning the second lady; he thought that eternal woe would surely overtake him both here and hereafter if he did not renounce his first love—terrible as the effort would be both to him and her—and wed with the second lady; which he accordingly did; while, through his whole subsequent life, delicacy and honour toward his thus wedded wife, forbade that by explaining to his first love how it was with him in this matter, he should tranquillise her heart; and, therefore, in her complete ignorance, she believed that he was wilfully and heartlessly false to her; and so came to a lunatic's death on his account.

This strange story of real life, Pierre knew to be also familiar to Lucy; for they had several times conversed upon it; and the first love of the demented youth had been a school-mate of Lucy's, and Lucy had counted upon standing up with her as bridesmaid. Now, the passing idea was self-suggested to Pierre, whether into Lucy's mind some such conceit as this, concerning himself and Isabel, might not possibly have stolen. But then again such a supposition proved wholly untenable in the end; for it did by no means suffice for a satisfactory solution of the absolute motive of the extraordinary proposed step of Lucy; nor indeed by any ordinary law of propriety, did it at all seem to justify that step. Therefore, he knew not what to think; hardly what to dream. Wonders, nay, downright miracles and no less were sung about Love; but here was the absolute miracle

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

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Rh out-acted miracle. For infallibly certain he inwardly felt, that whatever her strange conceit; whatever her enigmatical delusion; whatever her most secret and inexplicable motive; still Lucy in her own virgin heart remained transparently immaculate, without shadow of flaw or vein. Nevertheless, what inconceivable conduct this was in her, which she in her letter so passionately proposed! Altogether, it amazed him; it confounded him.

Now, that vague, fearful feeling stole into him, that, rail as all atheists will, there is a mysterious, inscrutable divineness in the world—a God—a Being positively present everywhere;—nay, he is now in this room; the air did part when I here sat down. I displaced the Spirit then—condensed it a little off from this spot. He looked apprehensively around him; he felt overjoyed at the sight of the humanness of Delly.

While he was thus plunged into this mysteriousness, a knock was heard at the door.

Delly hesitatingly rose—'Shall I let anyone in, sir?—I think it is Mr. Millthorpe's knock.'

'Go and see—go and see,' said Pierre, vacantly.

The moment the door was opened, Millthorpe—for it was he—catching a glimpse of Pierre's seated form, brushed past Delly, and loudly entered the room.

'Ha, ha! well, my boy, how comes on the Inferno? That is it you are writing? one is apt to look black while writing Infernoes; you always loved Dante. My lad! I have finished ten metaphysical treatises; argued five cases before the court; attended all our society's meetings; accompanied our great Professor, Monsieur Volvoon, the lecturer, through his circuit in the philosophical saloons, sharing all the honours of his illustrious triumph; and by the way, let me tell you, Volvoon secretly gives me even more credit than is my due; for 'pon my soul,

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442 I did not help write more than one half, at most, of his lectures; edited—anonymously, though—a learned, scientific work on "The Precise Cause of the Modifications in the Undulatory Motion in Waves," a posthumous work of a poor fellow—fine lad he was, too—a friend of mine. Yes, here I have been doing all this, while you still are hammering away at that one poor plaguy Inferno! Oh, there's a secret in dispatching these things; patience! patience! you will yet learn the secret. Time! time! I can't teach it to you, my boy, but Time can: I wish I could, but I can't.'

There was another knock at the door.

'Oh! cried Millthorpe, suddenly turning round to it, 'I forgot, my boy. I came to tell you that there is a porter, with some queer things, inquiring for you. I happened to meet him downstairs in the corridors, and I told him to follow me up—I would show him the road; here he is; let him in, let him in, good Delly, my girl.'

Thus far, the rattlings of Millthorpe, if producing any effect at all, had but stunned the averted Pierre. But now he started to his feet. A man with his hat on, stood in the door, holding an easel before him.

'Is this Mr. Glendinning's room, gentlemen?'

'Oh, come in, come in,' cried Millthorpe, 'all right.'

'Oh, is that you, sir? well, well, then'; and the man set down the easel.

'Well, my boy,' exclaimed Millthorpe to Pierre; 'you are in the Inferno dream yet. Look; that's what people call an easel, my boy. An easel, an easel—not a weasel; you look at it as though you thought it a weasel. Come; wake up, wake up! You ordered it, I suppose, and here it is. Going to paint and illustrate the Inferno, as you go along, I suppose. Well, my friends tell me it is a great pity my own things ain't illustrated. But I can't afford it. There now is that Hymn to the Niger, which

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Rh I threw into a pigeon-hole, a year or two ago—that would be fine for illustrations.'

'Is it for Mr. Glendinning you inquire?' said Pierre now, in a slow, icy tone, to the porter.

'Mr. Glendinning, sir; all right, ain't it?'

'Perfectly,' said Pierre mechanically, and casting another strange, rapt, bewildered glance at the easel. 'But something seems strangely wanting here. Ay, now I see, I see it:—Villain!—the vines! Thou hast torn the green heart-strings! Thou hast but left the cold skeleton of the sweet arbour wherein she once nestled! Thou besotted, heartless hind and fiend, dost thou so much as dream in thy shrivelled liver of the eternal mischief thou hast done? Restore thou the green vines! untrample them, thou accursed!—Oh my God, my God, trampled vines pounded and crushed in all fibres, how can they live over again, even though they be replanted! Curse thee, thou!—Nay, nay,' he added moodily—'I was but wandering to myself.' Then rapidly and mockingly—'Pardon, pardon!—porter; I most humbly crave thy most haughty pardon.' Then imperiously—'Come, stir thyself, man; thou hast more below: bring all up.'

As the astounded porter turned, he whispered to Millthorpe, 'Is he safe?—shall I bring 'em?'

'Oh, certainly,' smiled Millthorpe: 'I'll look out for him; he's never really dangerous when I'm present; there, go!'

Two trunks now followed, with 'L. T.' blurredly marked upon the ends.

'Is that all, my man?' said Pierre, as the trunks were being put down before him; 'well, how much?'—that moment his eyes first caught the blurred letters.

'Prepaid, sir; but no objection to more.'

Pierre stood mute and unmindful, still fixedly eyeing

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444 the blurred letters; his body contorted, and one side drooping, as though that moment half-way down-stricken with a paralysis, and yet unconscious of the stroke.

His two companions momentarily stood motionless in those respective attitudes, in which they had first caught sight of the remarkable change that had come over him. But, as if ashamed of having been thus affected, Millthorpe summoning a loud, merry voice, advanced toward Pierre, and, tapping his shoulder, cried, 'Wake up, wake up, my boy!—He says he is prepaid, but no objection to more.'

'Prepaid;—what's that? Go, go, and jabber to apes!'

'A curious young gentleman, is he not?' said Millthorpe lightly to the porter.—'Look you, my boy, I'll repeat:—He says he's prepaid, but no objection to more.'

'Ah?—take that then,' said Pierre, vacantly putting something into the porter's hand.

'And what shall I do with this, sir?' said the porter, staring.

'Drink a health; but not mine; that were mockery!'

'With a key, sir? This is a key you gave me.'

'Ah!—well, you at least shall not have the thing that unlocks me. Give me the key, and take this.'

'Ay, ay!—here's the chink! Thank 'ee, sir, thank 'ee. This'll drink. I ain't called a porter for nothing; Stout's the word; 2151 is my number; any jobs, call on me.'

'Do you ever cart a coffin, my man?' said Pierre.

''Pon my soul!' cried Millthorpe, gaily laughing, 'if you ain't writing an Inferno, then—but never mind. Porter! this gentleman is under medical treatment at present. You had better—ab'—you understand—'squatulate, porter! There, my boy, he is gone; I understand how to manage these fellows; there's a trick in it, my boy—an off-handed sort of what d' ye call it?—you understand—the trick! the trick!—the

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Rh whole world's a trick. Know the trick of all, all's right; don't know, all's wrong. Ha! ha!'

'The porter is gone then?' said Pierre, calmly. 'Well, Mr. Millthorpe, you will have the goodness to follow him.'

'Rare joke! admirable!—Good morning, sir. Ha, ha!'

And with his unruffleable hilariousness, Millthorpe quitted the room.

But hardly had the door closed upon him, nor had he yet removed his hand from its outer knob, when suddenly it swung half open again, and thrusting his fair curly head within, Millthorpe cried: 'By the way, my boy, I have a word for you. You know that greasy fellow who has been dunning you so of late. Well, be at rest there; he's paid. I was suddenly made flush yesterday:—regular flood-tide. You can return it any day, you know—no hurry; that's all.—But, by the way,—as you look as though you were going to have company here—just send for me in case you want to use me—any bedstead to put up, or heavy things to be lifted about. Don't you and the women do it, now, mind! That's all again. Addios, my boy. Take care of yourself!'

'Stay!' cried Pierre, reaching forth one hand, but moving neither foot—'Stay!'—in the midst of all his prior emotions struck by these singular traits in Millthorpe. But the door was abruptly closed; and singing Fa, la, la: Millthorpe in his seedy coat went tripping down the corridor.

'Plus heart, minus head,' muttered Pierre, his eyes fixed on the door. 'Now, by heaven! the god that made Millthorpe was both a better and a greater than the god that made Napoleon or Byron.—Plus head, minus heart—Pah! the brains grow maggoty without a heart; but the heart's the preserving salt itself, and can keep sweet without the head.—Delly!'

'Sir?'

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446 'My cousin Miss Tartan is coming here to live with us, Delly. That easel,—those trunks are hers.'

'Good heavens!—coming here?—your cousin?—Miss Tartan?'

'Yes, I thought you must have heard of her and me;—but it was broken off, Delly.'

'Sir? Sir?'

'I have no explanation, Delly; and from you, I must have no amazement. My cousin,—mind, my cousin, Miss Tartan, is coming to live with us. The next room to this, on the other side there, is unoccupied. That room shall be hers. You must wait upon her, too, Delly.'

'Certainly, sir, certainly; I will do anything,' said Delly, trembling; 'but,—but—does Mrs. Glendin-din—does my mistress know this?'

'My wife knows all,' said Pierre sternly. 'I will go down and get the key of the room; and you must sweep it out.'

'What is to be put into it, sir?' said Delly. 'Miss Tartan—why, she is used to all sorts of fine things,—rich carpets—wardrobes—mirrors—curtains;—why, why, why!'

'Look,' said Pierre, touching an old rug with his foot;—'here is a bit of carpet; drag that into her room; here is a chair, put that in; and for a bed,—ay, ay,' he muttered to himself; 'I have made it for her, and she ignorantly lies on it now!—as made—so lie. Oh God!'

'Hark! my mistress is calling.' cried Delly, moving toward the opposite room.

'Stay!' cried Pierre, grasping her shoulder; 'if both called at one time from these opposite chambers, and both were swooning, which door would you first fly to?'

The girl gazed at him uncomprehendingly and affrighted a moment; and then said, 'This one, sir'—out of mere confusion perhaps, putting her hand on Isabel's latch.

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Rh 'It is well. Now go.'

He stood in an intent unchanged attitude till Delly returned.

'How is my wife, now?'

Again startled by the peculiar emphasis placed on the magical word wife, Delly, who had long before this, been occasionally struck with the infrequency of his using that term; she looked at him perplexedly, and said half unconsciously:

'Your wife, sir?'

'Ay, is she not?'

'God grant that she be—Oh, 'tis most cruel to ask that of poor, poor Delly, sir!'

'Tut for thy tears! Never deny it again, then!—I swear to heaven, she is!'

With these wild words, Pierre seized his hat, and departed the room, muttering something about bringing the key of the additional chamber.

As the door closed on him, Delly dropped on her knees. She lifted her head toward the ceiling, but dropped it again, as if tyrannically awed downward, and bent it low over, till her whole form tremulously cringed to the floor.

'God that made me, and that wast not so hard to me as wicked Delly deserved,—God that made me, I pray to Thee! ward it off from me, if it be coming to me. Be not deaf to me; these stony walls—Thou canst hear through them. Pity! pity!—mercy, my God!—If they are not married; if I, penitentially seeking to be pure, am now but the servant to a greater sin, than I myself committed: then, pity! pity! pity! pity! pity! Oh God that made me,—See me, see me here—what can Delly do? If I go hence, none will take me in but villains. If I stay, then—for stay I must—and they be not married,—then pity, pity, pity, pity, pity!'

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 BOOK XXIV

LUCY AT THE APOSTLES'

I

morning, the recently appropriated room adjoining on the other side of the dining-room, presented a different aspect from that which met the eye of Delly upon first unlocking it with Pierre on the previous evening. Two squares of faded carpeting of different patterns, covered the middle of the floor, leaving, toward the surbase, a wide, blank margin around them. A small glass hung in the pier; beneath that, a little stand, with a foot or two of carpet before it. In one corner was a cot, neatly equipped with bedding. At the outer side of the cot, another strip of carpeting was placed. Lucy's delicate feet should not shiver on the naked floor.

Pierre, Isabel, and Delly were standing in the room; Isabel's eyes were fixed on the cot.

'I think it will be pretty cosy now,' said Delly, palely glancing all round, and then adjusting the pillow anew.

'There is no warmth, though,' said Isabel. 'Pierre, there is no stove in the room. She will be very cold. The pipe—can we not send it this way?' And she looked more intently at him, than the question seemed to warrant.

'Let the pipe stay where it is, Isabel,' said Pierre, answering her own pointed gaze. 'The dining-room door can stand open. She never liked sleeping in a heated room. Let all be; it is well. Eh! but there is a grate here, I see. I will buy coals. Yes, yes—that can be 5em

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 are thoroughly in the ingenious and far-fetched manner of Donne. The opening of the third of the set of verses, entitled 'Sonnets,' is practically borrowed from Donne's fine lines:

I long to talk with some old lover's ghost, Who died before the god of love was born.'

Less directly imitated, but still an immediate effect of the type of simile for which Donne was responsible in English poetry—the simile worked up with care from the physical and mechanical science of the day—is the description of the clock in lover's hearts, to which are devoted the lines beginning, 'That none beguiled be by Time's quick flowing.' In the spirit of Donne, but with a more graceful command of phrase, are the lines,

'Tis now, since I sat down before That foolish fort, a heart,'

with their close description of the siege and its abandonment.

However, if Suckling made his most ambitious attempts in this fashionable style, he did not achieve his greatest successes in it. It is the chief characteristic of the poets of the school of Donne that their artificiality, if the paradox is admissible, is a spontaneous part of their nature. They are naturally involved in expression, and diffuse in thought; their style seems to be naturally hard and monotonous. Few of them possessed that force of imagination which, in Donne's case, survived, if it did not always conquer, the tortures to which it was submitted by its owner. The fervent piety of George Herbert redeems much of the triviality which marks its outpourings; but, beyond question, his frame of mind, in which the highest aspirations translated themselves into quaint plays on words and out-of-the-way analogies from Nature, was no artistic pose, but a natural mood. Suckling, in his 'metaphysical' excursions, stands outside the group which indulged in poetical distortions of wit, pious or profane. He may be dull, he is frequently barren, but he is never involved. His idea is clear to himself, and if he elaborates it, he does so without raising a cloud of words and confused images

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 round it for his readers. ''Tis now since I sat down' may recall Donne's favourite figures of thought; but its ready ease and smoothness, its conciseness of phrase, are very different from Donne's ponderousness and jerkiness, amid which effects are achieved, either by a sudden and apparently accidental digression into short-lived melody, or by a piece of forcible abruptness that arrests the attention and remains fast in the memory. Suckling is clear and easy with no apparent effort. There is no depth of feeling in his poetry; he evidently prided himself on its absence. The deep emotions of the poet were no part of the equipment of a gentleman. In depth of abstract thought, too, he is deficient. Donne's least graceful verses usually have the merit that their thought, while not always profound, is at least novel. Suckling's thought was commonplace, and had little fertility. Again and again, in his plays and letters, we find old ideas re-used from his poems without more alteration than a careless memory admits. His Account of Religion by Reason, a prose pamphlet written during a holiday at Bath, or West Kington, is a clever performance, with a comparative grace and clearness of style that, from the point of view of purely literary merit, place it somewhat in advance of most of the prose of Suckling's age. But its treatment of its subject—a man of the world's apology for Christianity—is merely a light resume of arguments commonly advanced by other writers; and little original thought has come into being from the perusal of the 'cart-load of books' which, as Aubrey tells us, Suckling brought down to Bath with him. His ready and superficial intelligence of abstract subjects was consistent with real earnestness and foresight where practical issues were at stake. The letter already alluded to, addressed to Henry Jermyn, and evidently intended for the eye of Charles I., discusses with great clearness and wisdom the proper attitude of the King to Parliament, and the advisability of the surrender of Strafford. Suckling eventually clave whole-heartedly to the royal cause, and Strafford's liberty was the rock on which he made shipwreck; but it seems clear that his subsequent actions must have been in defiance of his better judgment, and that his end, whatever its manner, was probably hastened by the

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 hopelessness of the cause which he longed to serve. At any rate, the type of intellect which the letter shows was not a type which would be freely employed on the minute intricacies of fancy so dear to Donne and his followers.

It follows that, where Suckling excels as a poet, we find him dealing with concrete subjects, or using imagery with which he is practically familiar. This is the merit of a lyric like ''Tis now since I sat down,' in which the details of the simile are so perfectly adjusted to the subject of the poem. Suckling's obvious cynicism where affairs of the heart were concerned expresses itself at once in verse. 'Why so pale and wan, fond lover?' is a happy impromptu in which the natural Suckling declares himself without reserve. When he turns to hymn constant love in 'O! for some honest lover's ghost,' he is writing conventionally and uneasily, and the conclusion of the poem, with its airy disclaimer of the possible rewards of earthly fidelity, is arrived at with evident relief. Similarly, beside the Ballad upon a Wedding, the dialogue on the same subject between Suckling and his friend Bond is awkward and uninteresting. The ballad itself finds Suckling in a thoroughly congenial mood. He has no longer to forage for similes 'far-fetched and dear-bought,' but speaks as a plain person dealing directly with facts. Putting himself in the position of a countryman come up to town, free to adopt the simple imagery of a country life which he evidently loved, his imagination comes into play unforced, and his task of simple description is at once enlivened by the exquisite pictures which imagination in these happy circumstances suggests. It is not that these pictures are peculiarly Suckling's own: the Easter sunshine had already been the chief motive of George Herbert's loveliest and most natural lyric, and other writers had found analogies between fresh beauty and the Catherine pear, but no one had made these allusions with so little elaboration or with so thoroughly pictorial an effect. Here, at his best, Suckling is akin to Herrick, equalling him in the delicacy of line with which his pictures are drawn, but giving no hint of that gentle philosophy, so susceptible to the beauty and pleasure of the moment, while so apprehensive of its fleeting rapture, which gives Herrick's verse its never-failing charm.

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Executive Order 13555

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, to restore the country to its role as the global leader in education, to strengthen the Nation by expanding educational opportunities and improving educational outcomes for Hispanics and Latinos (Hispanics) of all ages, and to help ensure that all Hispanics receive an education that properly prepares them for college, productive careers, and satisfying lives, it is hereby ordered as follows:

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Barack Obama The White House, October 19, 2010. [FR Doc. 2010–27004 Filed 10–21–10; 11:15 am] Billing Code 3195–W1–P

title: Executive Order 13555


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 eleven votes. For such a new arrival in the colony this was a remarkable testimony to his ability. He subsequently contested a seat in the Legislative Council against an old tried popular politician, and was again unfortunately defeated, on this occasion by seven votes. It is greatly to be hoped that local Parliaments will not be long without the services of one who is bound to be of much value to the colony. At present Mr. Moorhead is a member of the Perth Colonial Hospital Board, of the Central Board of Health, and also of that Imperial institution, the Aborigines Protection Board. He married Amy, third daughter of the late Hon. J. H. Monger, a leading West Australian politician.

In conclusion, Mr. Moorhead has the eye of a keen lawyer; he is a clever cross-examiner, has a studious air, and is both amiable and courteous. His analytical mind and wide knowledge enable him to grasp the essentials in Australian aspirations, and the applied energies of a man of his qualities should strongly influence the progress of local institutions.

WILLIAM DALGETY MOORE, EX-M.L.C.

N the fierce race for wealth the gold-seeker goes not alone. Men's minds are full of the golden messages which constantly rush through the world from the lean deserts of this colony. In every gathering of men, in Parliament, in clubs, in business houses, at street corners, on the seas, and even in the jarrah forests, gold is the all-absorbing topic of conversation. Meanwhile, we are apt to forget the splendid exploring pioneer developing work which is being laboriously and fructuously carried on by pastoralists and agriculturists. The history of the lives of those who have spent half a century or more in this colony are full of speaking incidents of useful work. Their yearly toil is not trumpet-tongued throughout the world. They do not stand on the housetops and claim the recognition and approval of every passer-by. They work quietly and sedulously, asking not for approbation. Their work, as they are hidden in their rural retreats, must end in rich future harvests for Western Australia. The history of every country shows plainly that tillers of the soil—the landed class—are the best and most valuable of the community, whether morally, physically, or in results of work.

Western Australia natives have not been behindhand in this sphere of labour, and prominent among those who have been most successful is William Dalgety Moore, ex-M.L.C., who has had a varied experience which may be placed on the credit side of the colony's ledger. Mr. Moore was born at Oakover, on the Swan River, in 1835, his father, the late Samuel Moore, being one of the pioneers of the colony. At the age of fifteen years, Mr. Moore started his career in the office of Mr. J. S. Roe, Surveyor-General, where he remained four years. The adventurous spirit that caused the sire to leave home for the wilds of Australia proved to be inherited by the son, for at the age of nineteen years he relinquished his appointment in the Government service, and accepted a position on the station of Hamersley and Co., in the Irwin River district. The station, which was stocked with some 2,000 cattle and between seven and eight thousand sheep, was far away from any settlement, the only visitors being the wandering tribes of blacks. The painful experiences which so many pioneers have had with the natives were not shared by Mr. Moore, who by treating them kindly and firmly entirely gained their friendship. That his confidence in the blacks was not misplaced is shown by the fact that during the time he was on the station he frequently went on long exploring trips, and opened up a lot of new country, without being molested. His success among stock soon brought him reward, for, although very young, he was entrusted with the management of the property. While occupying this position he was asked to join an exploring party organised to open up country in the north-west. With this party, which consisted of Mr. F. T. Gregory, as leader, and Messrs. Roe, C. Nairne, and a Government chainer and a native, Mr. Moore did some splendid pioneer work. The party were absent for some five months, and in the following year Mr. Moore, accompanied by only two others, penetrated into the dreary wastes leading to the Murchison district. Stock from the Hamersley Station had to be driven some 200 miles to the market at Perth, and the prices realised for cattle, ranging from £7 to £8, are in marked contrast to those obtaining at the present day. In 1862, Mr. Moore decided to settle in Fremantle, and resigning the position of manager of one of the largest cattle and sheep stations in the colony, started business as a merchant in Fremantle. The keen business instincts which enabled him to conduct the affairs of his employers while managing so satisfactorily their property

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 in the country, were of even greater value in the more varied business in which he embarked, and it goes without saying that he prospered. The business at the present time is among the most extensive of its kind in Fremantle, and is carried on in commodious premises situate in Henry Street. The management of the business was conducted by Mr. Moore up to three years ago, when he retired. A capacity for hard work enabled Mr. Moore to spare time to undertake responsible duties in connection with several important institutions. He was one of the most prominent members of the Chamber of Commerce, occupying the position of president for ten years, and he only retired from the chair eighteen months ago. He has been a director of the Western Australian Bank for seventeen years, is chairman of the local board of directors of the Australian Mutual Provident Society, and on the board of advice of Dalgety and Co. Mr. Moore has large pastoral properties and farms on the Swan River, one being the beautiful estate known as "Millendon," and the other, "Oakover," where he was born. He was also the owner of "Cheriton," a splendid station property situate at Gin Gin, which he recently sold to Messrs. J. Edgar and Co. Mr. Moore, in 1870, was a member of the first elective legislature, representing Fremantle. After remaining in Parliament for three years, however, his multitudinous duties in the commercial world took up so much of his attention that he could not spare any time for politics, and he retired. In 1890, he was appointed a nominee member of the Legislative Council under Responsible Government and occupied a seat in the Upper House.

His knowledge of the country and its requirements, combined with his commercial experience, made him an invaluable member of the newly-constituted Parliament, and laws relating to the commercial and pastoral interests owe much to his acumen. It was, therefore, with regret that his fellow councillors heard of his determination to retire from public life. This descendant of the worthy family of Moore gives an object lesson in his biography worthy of emulation. Pluck, energy, and observation were the qualities which brought him to his successful position.

CR. TIMOTHY FRANCIS QUINLAN, J.P., M.L.A.

USTRALIA gives remarkable opportunities for the acquisition of wealth. Not only this, it presents to the intelligent and observant the advantages of a public life. Comparable with old countries these felicities are most marked. Young men, who in Great Britain and Europe would be little likely to rise above the sphere into which they were born, may here have a prominent career before them. All that is needed is application and determination and intelligence. It is a trite saying in a young country that anyone starting out in life with the determination to become wealthy will have his wish gratified. The same applies to some extent to those desiring a public career. The opportunities before them are without number, and if they watch carefully and work persistently they will catch one of them.

This book (in fact, any representative book on Australia) contains abundant proof of our statement. Councillor Timothy F. Quinlan, J.P., had the misfortune to lose his parents while in his boyhood. He was given a fair education, and then began to work out his own destiny. That he has been successful his biography will show. He was born in County Tipperary, Ireland, in 1861, and was still in his infancy when his parents left the much-loved Isle for Western Australia. They reached these shores in 1863. His father went to Newcastle (W.A) but did not remain there long, for in 1864 he joined a Government party which was commissioned to proceed to Camden Harbour on the north west coast. He parted with his wife and they never met again on earth. While in the north-west country he was drowned. [See History, chapter xvii.] Meanwhile, by a strange coincidence, Mrs. Quinlan breathed her last at Newcastle. At the same time that the news of the husband's death was being transferred south the information of the wife's was going north. Although the son was but an infant, these were great misfortunes. A generous helper was soon found in Bishop Gibney, who found a home for him with Mr. J. T. Reilly, a storekeeper of Perth, and now proprietor of the Northam Advertiser. When fourteen years old Mr. Quinlan left school, and entered the well-known mercantile house of Mr. J. H. Monger in Perth, and was associated with that gentleman for a number of years. There he was able to learn the means by which fortunes in general business might be amassed. He was like a mechanic with a big work before him—say the construction of an engine. If he has

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Page:Messages and Letters of William Henry Harrison Vol. 1.djvu/27

Rh


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Page:Works of Sir John Suckling.djvu/19

 In the pretty lyric, 'Love, Reason, Hate,' Suckling again approaches Herrick. He is thoroughly at home in the rustic game which his abstract qualities play, and here, just as in ''Tis now since I sat down,' the real subject of the poem is exactly suited by the image employed.

In the adoption of natural and concrete imagery, then, unhampered by the demands of artifice and ingenuity. Suckling's inborn directness of intellect finds its way to expression most readily, and the chief characteristic of that expression is its happy simplicity of phrase. It was, however, the great drawback to his poetic gift that he felt himself bound, as a fashionable amateur, to follow the latest fashion. We could exchange many of his 'metaphysical' ventures for more lyrics like 'Love, Reason, Hate,' or the Ballad upon a Wedding, with their 'music made of morning's merriest heart.' But if in lyric poetry he hastened to be in the mode without much serious thought, it is evident that as a dramatist he took himself more seriously, and had a real desire to excel. Contemporary traditions record the trouble which he took to bring Aglaura before the public notice; the play was acted with the unusual addition of scenery, and the cost of the dresses was borne by the author. The plays, one and all, display Suckling's debt to Shakespeare, and the lighter passages are marked by free satirical allusions to the affectations and politics of the day, which give these dramas a definite historical interest. The comedy of The Goblins, too, has a very effective centre in the company of outlaws, in whose disguise the secret of the plot is contained. No individual character, however, can lay any real claim to life. The verse-scenes are written in the loosest of that loose blank verse in which the Stewart dramatists abused the free licence of their predecessors, and, in spite of occasional passages of eloquence, are seldom free from tediousness. Excessive complication of plot, as in Aglaura, is further obscured by Suckling's inability to keep distinctly before us the motives which animate his characters, and the characters suffer further from that apparent instability of purpose and liability to sudden change of conviction which mark the epoch of Fletcher's and Massinger's influence, and lessen the psychological value of drama, even where plot and character are handled with

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Page:Works of Sir John Suckling.djvu/20

 some individuality. Suckling's failures are more conspicuous, in that he is always pointing us to his models. The influence of the character of Hamlet is perceptible in the discontent of Brennoralt. Hamlet, probably seen through the medium of Vendice in Tourneur's Revenger's Tragedy, is again responsible for the hero of The Sad One. Aglaura, the most ambitious and complicated of the tragedies, is reminiscent of Beaumont and Fletcher's Maid's Tragedy, not merely in the hero's reverence for royalty, but in the position of the heroine with regard to her lover and the King. The dramatic strength of the Maid's Tragedy resides in the guilt of Evadne, and her vengeance on the seducer who has ruined her life. Aglaura, on the contrary, is innocent; her would-be seducer is murdered by others, while she murders her lover by mistake—a confusion in slaughter by which the tragic horror of Beaumont and Fletcher's play is totally missed. When, after the Restoration, the last act of the Maid's Tragedy was altered to avoid the reflections raised by the murder of the guilty King, the effect of the play was spoiled. In Suckling's alternative last act of Aglaura, written at an earlier date, with a similar purpose, the change leaves every reader tranquil, unless here and there one may be found who delights in mechanical carnage on the stage. It is impossible to feel much lively interest in the conduct of a plot whose characters go through their evolutions so tamely.

In the present edition the text of the early editions of the Fragmenta Aurea has been carefully collated. Its contents, with one or two additions, such as that of the Cantilena Politica-Jocunda, are those of the 1646 edition with the additions introduced in 1658. These have been reprinted in as close accordance with the original editions as is permitted by the use of modern spelling. In the plays, the prose-scenes, printed in the early and modern editions alike as though written in blank verse, have been arranged as prose for the first time. The verse-scenes in the early editions are printed very irregularly, and in modern editions have been subjected to much alteration, in which it is often difficult to recognize the likeness to blank verse that presumably dictated such radical departures from the text. The present editor has

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Page:Works of Sir John Suckling.djvu/21

 to reproduce where possible the suggestions of the early texts as to the scansion of these scenes, but where, as is often the case, those suggestions are wanting, and the printing of the lines is merely arbitrary, he has arranged the lines in the closest likeness to blank verse that their hasty construction, confused by the constant elision of final vowels and the smaller and more usual monosyllables, and by the frequent use of half-lines in exclamatory passages, may be allowed to bear. In the notes an endeavour has been made to connect the poems and letters as far as possible with Suckling's life and the history of his day, and to trace his allusions to contemporary, and, where necessary, to earlier literature. Here and there allusion has been made to some of the more valuable comments signed 'W. W.,' which are written in a copy of the 1658 edition of the poems, and have been assigned to Wordsworth. These comments, from internal evidence alone, cannot be the work of Wordsworth, although the volume in which they occur seems to have belonged to him, and to contain notes which are his.

Mr. Carew Hazlitt, in his edition of Suckling's works for the Library of Old Authors, included a certain amount of new matter, notably two letters, one of which, addressed to Davenant, was printed from MS. Ashmole 826, f. 101, and the other to Sir Henry Vane, from S. P. Dom. Chas. I., vol. ccxvi., p. 6. The second of these is printed as an Appendix to the present volume, from a copy of the original made by the editor. In addition to these, an Appendix to Mr. Hazlitt's edition contains four satires on Suckling, three of which deal with his flight to France, and an anonymous elegy on his death. It is apparent that, while Suckling's somewhat riotous life and conversation excited the enmity of Puritans, his ostentation, of which examples already have been given, made him ridiculous in the eyes of less bigoted contemporaries. At the same time it is impossible to doubt that beneath a gay and careless exterior he possessed sound practical sense, and that his ambition to excel as an amateur wit only too often concealed a high, if somewhat fragile, poetic gift, which on happy occasions rose superior to an atmosphere not a little hostile to its full development.

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Talk:BCPA Flight 304 accident investigation report

Corrections
✅ - - Thanks for catching that - VBBPE has been changed to VHBPE as per the scans of the original 1954 report page found HERE. It does not show any dash, however. George Orwell III (talk) 04:51, 20 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Under the title of The Accident, please change the craft's registration to VH-BPE --


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User talk:Sysywjel

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Page:The thirty-six dramatic situations (1921).djvu/26

24 THIRTY-SIX DRAMATIC SITUATIONS to the living; an imprudent promise; a professional duty (as when the avenger is a magistrate, etc.); the necessity of saving other relatives or a beloved one (thus did Talien avenge the Dantonists) or even fellow-citizens; ignorance of the kinship which exists between Avenger and Criminal. There yet remains that case in which the Avenger strikes without having recognized the Criminal (in a dark room, I suppose); the case in which the act of intended vengeance is but the result of an error, the supposedly guilty kinsman being found innocent, and his pseudo-executioner discovering that he has but made of himself a detestable criminal.

A (1) — A Father's Death Avenged Upon a Mother; -"The Choephores" of Aeschylus; the "Electras" of Sophocles, Euripides, Attilius, Q. Cicero, Pradon, Longepierre, Crebillon, Rochefort, Chenier, and of Guillard's opera; the "Orestes" of Voltaire and of Alfieri; Sophocles' "Epigones;" the "Eriphyles" of Sophocles and of Voltaire; and lastly "Hamlet," in which we recognize so clearly the method by which the poet rejuvenates his subjects, — by an almost antithetic change of characters and of milieu.

(2) — A Mother Avenged Upon a Father: — "Zoe Chien-Chien" (Matthey, 1881), in which the parricide is counterbalanced by an incestuous passion, and is committed by the daughter, not by the son. B — A Brother's Death Avenged Upon a Son (but without premeditation, this accordingly falling almost into the situation "Imprudence"}: — Aeschylus' "Atalanta" and Sophocles' "Meleager."

C — A Father's Death Avenged Upon a Husband: — "Rosmunde" (Rucellai).

D — A Husband's Death Avenged Upon a Father: —— "Orbecche" by Giraldi.

Thus, of twenty-two works, eighteen are in the same class, seventeen in the same sub-class, thirteen upon the same subject; — four classes and one sub-class altogether. Let us, for the moment, amuse ourselves by counting some of those which have been forgotten.


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Author:Samuel Dennis Warren

Works

 * The Right to Privacy (1880)

title: Author:Samuel Dennis Warren


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Page:Folk-lore - A Quarterly Review. Volume 2, 1891.djvu/7

 CONTENTS.


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iv


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''Okay, thanks! But why is the pilcrow (¶) on the first line not directly beside the first line of text? Protector of Wiki (talk) 07:31, 20 October 2010 (UTC)''
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You seem to be a fairly active "admin". Should Template:Nop be used at the end of every page? Protector of Wiki 04:30, 21 October 2010 (UTC)

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. . . anywhere; for all imposts must be equal. It is no answer to repeat that an unconstitutional law is no law, so long as the question of its legality is to be decided by the State itself, for every law operating injuriously upon any local interest will be perhaps thought, and certainly represented, as unconstitutional, and, as has been shown, there is no appeal.
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... anywhere; for all imposts must be equal. It is no answer to repeat that an unconstitutional law is no law, so long as the question of its legality is to be decided by the State itself, for every law operating injuriously upon any local interest will be perhaps thought, and certainly represented, as unconstit- So neither Page:Pierre.djvu/477 nor Page:1965 FBI monograph on Nation of Islam.djvu/62 need the NOP? Protector of Wiki (talk) 08:31, 21 October 2010 (UTC)
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Page:Folk-lore - A Quarterly Review. Volume 4, 1893.djvu/148

 140 I do not attempt to decide whether this is a mark of age, or the reverse.

But, it may be said, to establish the fact that the unnatural marriage-opening was a commonplace of storytelling in the British Isles is but a slight contribution to the solution of the Cinderella problem. Granted; yet the fact is interesting in itself, especially when taken in conjunction with the wide and long-standing spread of the Catskin-Cinderella form in this country. If, now, we turn to the first of Miss Cox's group-types, to Cinderella proper, we cannot, it is true, trace such early connection of any essential element with these islands, as we have done in the case of the Catskin and Cap-o'-Rushes types. But we can show that of all existing versions of the true Cinderella tale it is one collected in these islands which presents obviously archaic features (which have well-nigh disappeared from the literary versions) in their most crude and striking form. I allude to the remarkable Gaelic tale, "The Sheep's


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Page:Folk-lore - A Quarterly Review. Volume 4, 1893.djvu/149

 Rh Daughter," which I was only able to communicate to Miss Cox in time for her to print it on the last page but one of her book (p. 535). Here the animal parentage of the heroine, vaguely hinted at in so many versions, is definitely affirmed, nere, too, and here alone to my knowledge, hero and heroine are half-brother and sister. Note, again, that whilst the Cinderella type proper is absent from England, rich, on the contrary, in Catskin forms, an essential feature of which can be traced there so far back, Scotland, which yields us this archaic Cinderella, yields also half-a-dozen other Cinderella variants (p. xxvii).

To sum up. As regards two type-forms of the Cinderella group (the least important of the group, it is true), Britain yields the earliest literary treatment of essential elements; as regards the first type-form, it yields one of the most, if not the most archaic example.

I refrain from any dogmatic induction. May this be imputed to me for righteousness, when it is remembered how many proudly-soaring theories are built upon a far narrower and less solid basis! But I do claim that others should refrain from dogmatising likewise. And if any patriotic soul loves to think of the cinder-wench as starting forth from our land to conquer the world, I cannot deny there are grounds for holding this to be more than a mere pious opinion.

on the contrary, although one of these examples, Perrault's Cendrillon is perhaps the most famous of all literary folk-tales, they have practically not influenced this mass of later variants at all; throughout Europe we still find traces of a far ruder, wilder, more archaic version than that which confronts us in the pages of Bonaventure or Basile, Straparola or Perrault.

Thus we have to account for the non-appearance in any form of the story, as a whole, prior to the sixteenth century (that certain elements appear, and appear abundantly, has been shown, I trust, sufficiently), and also to account for the singular peculiarities of its actual spread throughout Europe.


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Page:Folk-lore - A Quarterly Review. Volume 4, 1893.djvu/150

 THE FALSE BRIDE.

BULGARIAN story has lately fallen under my notice to which I should be glad to draw attention, in relation to the Greek festival of the Dædala, and to some rites and customs of the European peasantry.

The tale is widespread in Europe, and the following version is not perhaps the fullest, but I give it as a typical example; the likeness between the myth as told by Plutarch and this Bulgarian peasant legend will be at at once apparent: —

“Slunce, on St. George’s Day, drew up to him, as his bride, Grozdanka in a golden cradle; when for nine years she became dumb.

“On which account she must needs make way for another bride, and she herself appear at the wedding as a bridesmaid.

“Thereat the veil of the false bride took fire, and. . . . Grozdanka regained her speech, and became the wife of Slunce.” (W. Mannhardt, “Lettischen Sonnenmythen,” Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, vol. vii, p. 236.)

In a parallel legend given by Hahn, and quoted by Mannhardt, p. 284, the true bride is called the “Laurel-child” (Lorbeerkind) grows up as a laurel tree, and emerges, Dryad-like, from the cleft bark on the appearance of her future husband.

“It is better to relate the primitive form of the story.

“It is said that Zeus, when Hera quarrelled with him, wandered about till taught to deceive her by simulating another marriage.

“He adorned an oak-tree like a bride, shaped it, and called it Dædala. Then they sang the bridal hymn, and brought lustral water; when Hera, filled with anger, came to Zeus.

“When the trick was discovered she was reconciled to Zeus with tears and laughter, and herself led the bridal procession. The image of Dædala she burnt.” (Plutarch, Fragments, ix, 6. Cf Pausanias, ix, 3.)

Pausanias says that Hera tore off the False Bride’s clothes, and found beneath a wooden image instead of a young bride.


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Page:History of West Australia.djvu/495

 studied engineering, and has all the tools and appliances necessary to such a large undertaking, he may complete it. The individual without those tools and that knowledge would find the task impossible. He must first study the requisite means. From Monger's Mr. Quinlan went to the house of McRae and Co., general merchants at Roebourne. The pearling industry at this port was then in its heyday, and business at all the mercantile houses was brisk. For two years he extended his experience at Roebourne, and at the end of that period was able by close observation to recognise where his opportunities lay. He returned to Perth, and became proprietor of the Shamrock Hotel. Then but twenty-two years old, he was, indeed, a youthful landlord, but he managed this important hostelry most successfully. The Shamrock is the oldest existing hotel in Perth. Soon after his entering into possession in 1883 he was married to Miss Connor, daughter of one of the largest Perth property-holders. He conducted the Shamrock for over nine years.

During all this while Councillor Quinlan had been studying the public affairs of his country, and his thoughts made him look with favour on a public life. His first step in this direction led to his entrance to the Perth Municipal Council. In 1889 he was elected to this body unopposed for the Central ward. So conspicuous have been his services in the eyes of ratepayers that he still retains his seat in the Perth City Council, and has been returned three times without opposition. This is a flattering testimony to his ability in municipal affairs. He endeavours to carefully subserve the interests of his ward, as well as the interests of the whole municipality, and so satisfied are all classes with what he has done that they do not oppose him on the hustings. Councillor Quinlan is an active and zealous member of the council.

When the first elections under Constitutional Government took place in 1890 for the new House of Assembly he was twenty-nine years of age. His knowledge on political subjects, and particularly on the requirements of the Perth constituency, was sufficiently marked to induce the electors for West Perth to requisition him to stand for the Assembly in their interests. He was duly nominated and elected, and for more than three years represented his constituency with sincerity. His deportment in the House showed that the years of his life had been well spent, and whether in debate, or in that more secluded sphere—the smoke room—where so many questions of public moment are decided, he was able to clearly enunciate his views. At the general elections of 1894 he was opposed by Mr. B.C. Wood and Mr. R. S. Haynes, two prominent Perth gentlemen. The struggle was a worthy one, and there was little to choose between the three candidates. When the votes were finally counted they showed Mr. Wood to be elected, with Councillor Quinlan only nineteen votes behind him—a result almost as satisfactory as a win under the circumstances. At the general elections in May, 1897, Mr. Quinlan was elected to the Assembly for the Toodyay constituency by an overwhelming majority.

In 1893 Councillor Quinlan was created a Justice of the Peace, a distinction which is more select in Western Australia than in the eastern colonies. He is a member of the Colonial Hospital Committee, director of the Stanley Brewery Company, and director of the South British Insurance Company.

This sketch shows that Councillor Quinlan has been able to successfully gauge opportunity. His rise is flattering to his own industry and intelligence, and he merits compliment for so energetically applying himself to the battle before him. He is now well and favourably known in business and political circles, and what with his popularity and shrewdness he will probably perform many works of usefulness for Western Australia in the future.

JOHN EDGAR, J.P.

USTRALIAN pioneers supply examples of what energy and determination will do. Most of the successful and rich men of Australia have themselves, in their enterprise and laudable ambition, to thank for their present happy positions. Certainly the colonies held out splendid opportunities for the acquisition of wealth in one lifetime, but it was not everyone who was sufficiently courageous to take the opportunities. Some were too cautious, too nervous, preferred to bury their one talent under the ground. Meanwhile, the successful men invested their two, and five, and ten talents, and now they have many thousands.

We have already told in the Hon. A. R. Richardson's biography the story of the few young men who left Portland,

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 impaired. He died in Dublin on 10 Dec. 1702, in his ninety-third year, and was interred in St. Patrick's Cathedral there. Little of the wealth accumulated by Boyle was devoted to religious or charitable uses. Letters and papers of Boyle are extant in the Ormonde archives at Kilkenny Castle and in the Bodleian Library. Portraits of Archbishop Boyle were engraved by Loggan and others. Boyle's son, Murragh, viscount Blessington, was author of a tragedy, entitled 'The Lost Princess.' Baker, the dramatic critic, characterised this production as 'truly contemptible,' and added that the 'genius and abilities of the writer did no credit to the name of Boyle.' Viscount Blessington died 25 Dec. 1712, and was succeeded by his son Charles (d. 10 Aug. 1718), at one time governor of Limerick, and lord justice of Ireland in 1696. The title became extinct on the death of the next heir in 1732.

 BOYLE, MURRAGH,. [See under (1609?–1702).]  BOYLE, RICHARD, first (1566–1643), an Irish statesman frequently referred to as the 'great earl,' was descended from an old Hereford family, the earliest of which there is mention being Humphry de Binvile, lord of the manor of Pixeley Court, near Ledbury, about the time of Edward the Confessor. He was the great-grandson of Ludovic Boyle of Bidney, Herefordshire, by a younger branch of the family, and the second son of Roger Boyle, who had removed to Faversham, Kent, and had married there Joan, daughter of Robert Naylor of Canterbury (pedigree in Mansions of Herefordshire, pp. 94-5). In his 'True Remembrances' he says: 'I was born in the city of Canterbury, as I find it written by my own father's hand, the 13th Oct. 1566.' After private instruction in 'grammar learning' from a clergyman in Kent, he became 'a scholar in Bennet's (Corpus Christi) College, Cambridge,' into which he was admitted in 1583 (, Hist. Corpus Christi Coll., ed. 1831, p. 459). On leaving the university entered the Middle Temple, but, finding himself without means to prosecute his studies, he became clerk to Sir Richard Manwood, chief baron of the exchequer. In this employment he discovered no prospect adequate to his ambition, and therefore resolved to try his fortunes in Ireland. Accordingly, on Midsummer's eve, 23 June 1588, he landed in Dublin, his whole property, as he tells us, amounting only to 27l. 3s. in money, a diamond ring and a bracelet, and his wearing apparel. With characteristic astuteness he secured introductions to persons of high influence, and he was even affirmed to have done so by means of counterfeited letters. At any rate, as early as 1590 his name appears as escheator to John Crofton, escheator general, a situation which he doubtless knew how to utilise to his special personal advantage. In 1595 he married, at Limerick, Joan, the daughter and coheiress of William Ansley, who died in 1599 in childbed, leaving him an estate of 500l. a year in lands, 'which,' he says, 'was the beginning of my fortune.' The last statement must, however, be compared with the fact that some time before this he had been the victim of prosecutions, instigated, according to his own account, by envy at his prosperity. About 1592 he was imprisoned by Sir William Fitzwilliam on the charge of having embezzled records, and subsequently he was several times apprehended at the instance of Sir Henry Wallop on a variety of charges, one of them being that of stealing a horse and jewel nine years before, of which he was acquitted by pardon (Answers of Sir Richard Boyle to the Accusations against him, 17 Feb. 1598, Add. MS. 19832, f. 12). Finding these prosecutions unsuccessful, Sir Henry Wallop and others, according to Boyle, 'all joined together by their lies complaining against me to Queen Elizabeth, expressing that I came over without any estate, and that I made so many purchases as it was not possible to do without some foreign prince's purse to supply me with money' (True Remembrances}. To defeat these machinations Boyle resolved on the bold course of proceeding to England to justify himself to the queen, but the fulfilment of his purpose was frustrated by the outbreak of the rebellion in Munster. As the result of the rebellion was to leave him without 'a penny of certain revenue,' he ceased for the time to be in danger from the accusations of his enemies. Indeed, his fortunes in Ireland were now so desperate that he was compelled to leave the country and resume his legal studies in his old chambers in the Temple. Scarcely, however, had he entered upon them when the Earl of Essex offered him employment in connection with 'issuing out his patents and commissions for the government of Ireland.' This at once caused him again


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 to experience the attentions of Sir Henry Wallop, 'who,' says Boyle, 'being conscious in his own heart that I had sundry papers and collections of Michael Kittlewell, his late treasurer, which might discover a great deal of wrong and abuse done to the queen in his late accounts ... he renewed his former complaints against me to the queen's majesty.' In consequence of this Boyle was conveyed a close prisoner to the Gatehouse, and at the end of two months underwent examination before the Star-chamber. Boyle does not state that the complaints were in any way modified or altered, but if they were not his account of them in his 'True Remembrances' is not only inadequate but misleading. His examination before the Star-chamber had no reference whatever to his being in the pay of the king of Spain or a pervert to Catholicism—the accusations he specially instances as 'formerly' made against him by Sir Henry Wallop—but bore chiefly on the causes of his previous imprisonments, and on several asserted instances of trafficking in forfeited estates (see Articles wherein Richard Boyle, prisoner, is to be examined, Add. MS. 19832, f. 8, and Articles to be proved against Richard Boyle, Add. MS. 19832, f. 9). It can scarcely be affirmed that he came out of the ordeal of examination with a reputation utterly unsullied, but the unsatisfactory character of his explanations was condoned by the revelations he made regarding the malversations of his accuser as treasurer of Ireland, and according to his own account he had no sooner done speaking than the queen broke out 'By G—'s death, these are but inventions against the young man, and all his sufferings are but for being able to do us service.' Sir Henry Wallop was at once superseded in the treasurership by Sir George Carew [q. v.],and a few days afterwards Boyle received the office of clerk of the council of Munster. He was chosen by Sir George Carew, who was also lord president of Munster, to convey to Elizabeth tidings of the victory near Kinsale in December 1601, and after the final reduction of the province he was, on 15 Oct. 1602, sent over to England to give information in reference to the condition of the country. On the latter occasion he came provided by Sir George Carew with a letter of introduction to Sir Walter Raleigh, recommending him as a proper purchaser for all his lands in Ireland 'if he was disposed to part with them.' Through the mediation of Cecil, terms were speedily adjusted, and for the paltry sum of 1,000l. Boyle saw himself the possessor of 12,000 acres in Cork, Waterford, and Tipperary, exceptionally fertile, and presenting unusual natural advantages for the development of trade. All, it is true, depended on his own energy and skill in making proper use of his purchase. Raleigh had found it such a bad bargain that he was glad to be rid of it. In the disturbed condition of the country it was even possible that no amount of enterprise and skill might be rewarded with immediate success. Boyle, however, possessed the advantage of being always on the spot, and of dogged perseverance in the one aim of acquiring wealth and power. Before the purchase could be completed Raleigh was attainted of high treason, but in 1604 Boyle obtained a patent for the property from the crown, and paid the purchase-money to Raleigh. There can indeed be no doubt whatever as to the honourable character of his dealings with Raleigh, who throughout life remained on friendly terms with him. The attempt of Raleigh's widow and son to obtain possession of the property was even morally without justification. It had become to its possessor a source of immense wealth, but the change was the result solely of his marvellous energy and enterprise. Cromwell, when he afterwards beheld the prodigious improvements Boyle had effected, is said to have affirmed that, if there had been one like him in every province, it would have been impossible for the Irish to raise a rebellion (, Hist. Ireland, vol. ii.) One of the chief causes of his success was the introduction of manufactures and mechanical arts by settlers from England. From his ironworks alone, according to Boate, he made a clear gain of 100,000l. (Ireland's Nat. Hist. (1652), p. 112). At enormous expense he built bridges, constructed harbours, and founded towns, prosperity springing up at his behest as if by a magician's wand. All mutinous manifestations among the native population were kept in check by the thirteen strong castles erected in different districts, and defended by well-armed bands of retainers. At the same time, for all willing to work, immunity from the worst evils of poverty was guaranteed. On his vast plantations he kept no fewer than 4,000 labourers maintained by his money. His administration was despotic, but enlightened and beneficent except as regarded the papists. For his zeal in putting into execution the laws against the papists he received from the government special commendation—a zeal which, if it arose from a mistaken sense of duty, would deserve at least no special blame; but probably self-interest rather than duty was what chiefly inspired it, for by the possession of popish houses he obtained a considerable addition to his wealth.

The services rendered by Boyle to the


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 rule in the south of Ireland and his paramount influence in Munster marked him out for promotion to various high dignities. On the occasion of his second marriage on 25 July 1603 to Catherine Fenton, daughter of Sir George Fenton, principal secretary of state, he received the honour of knighthood. On 12 March 1606 he was sworn a privy councillor for the province of Munster, and 12 Feb. 1612 a privy councillor of state for the kingdom of Ireland. On 29 Sept. 1616 he was created Lord Boyle, baron of Youghal, and on 6 Oct. 1620 Viscount Dungarvan and Earl of Cork. On 26 Oct. 1629 he was appointed one of the lords justices of Ireland, and on 9 Nov. 1631 he was constituted lord high treasurer. So greatly was he esteemed for his abilities and his knowledge of affairs that, 'though he was no peer of England, yet he was admitted to sit in the Lords House upon the woolsack ut consularius' (, Reduction of Ireland, 219). For his promotion and honours he was in a great degree indebted first to Sir George Carew, and afterwards to Lord-deputy Falkland. On the appointment of Wentworth, afterwards Earl of Strafford, as lord deputy in 1633, he, however, discovered not only that the fountain of royal favour was, so far as he was concerned, completely intercepted, but that all his astuteness would be required to enable him to hold his own against the overmastering will of Strafford. The action of Strafford in regard to the immense tomb of black marble which the earl had erected for his wife in the choir of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, was, though not unjustifiable, sufficiently indicative of the general character of his sentiments towards him. It was utterly impossible, indeed, that there could be harmonious action between men of such consuming ambition placed in circumstances where their vital interests so conflicted. At first Strafford had the advantage, but the Earl of Cork's patience and self-control, disciplined by a long course of trials and hardships, never for a moment failed him. In the management of intrigue he was much more than a match for Strafford, who found his purposes thwarted by causes in a great degree beyond his ken, and ultimately fell a victim to the hostility provoked by his rule of 'thorough.' One of the first intimations made to the council after Wentworth's arrival was the intention of the king to issue a commission for the remedying of defective titles to estates. The real design of the commission was to enable the king to obtain money by confiscating estates to which the title was doubtful. It was too probable that the Earl of Cork, if an inquiry of this kind were set on foot, would not escape scatheless. A charge was preferred against him in regard to his possession of the college and revenues of Youghal. Wentworth, after hearing the defence, adjourned the court, and sent word to the Earl of Cork that, if he consented to abide by his award, he would prove the best friend he ever had. The earl at once agreed, whereupon he intimated the decision 'that he should be fined fifteen thousand pounds for the rents and profits of the Youghal College property, and surrender all the advowsons and patronage—everything except the college house and a few fields near the town.' On learning the sentence Laud wrote to Wentworth in high glee: 'No physic is better than a vomit if it be given in time, and therefore you have taken a very judicious course to administer one so early to my lord of Cork' (Laud to Wentworth, 15 Nov. 1633, Letters and Despatches of Thomas, Earl of Strafford, i. 156). Deeply chagrined as the Earl of Cork no doubt was by this turn of affairs, he never permitted himself to indulge in expressions of anger or to show any direct hostility to Strafford. While undoubtedly working to undermine his authority, he even took pains to let it be known indirectly to Strafford how thoroughly he admired his rule. Laud, writing to Strafford 21 Nov. 1638, mentions that the Earl of Cork had spoken to him in high terms of his 'prudence, indefatigable industry, and most impartial justice' (Letters of Strafford, ii. 245), to which the unsuspecting Strafford replies: 'It must be confessed his lordship hath in a judicious way had more taken from him than any one, nay than any six in the kingdom besides; so in this proceeding with me I do acknowledge his ingenuity as well as his justice' (Letters, ii, 271). Possibly the Earl of Cork deemed it best, in the uncertain condition of the struggle at this time, to be secure against any result; but even to the last, when the fall of Strafford seemed inevitable, he avoided taking a prominent part against him. At the trial he bore witness with seeming reluctance. 'Though I was prejudiced,' he says, 'in no less than 40,000l. and 200 merks a year, I put off my examination for six weeks.' He also states that he was 'so reserved in his answers, that no matter of treason could by them be fixed upon the Earl of Strafford.' All the same, but for the Earl of Cork, Strafford's Irish policy would very likely not have been met with the skilful and persistent opposition which led to his impeachment; and in any case that the Earl of Cork's reluctance to bear witness against him was not inspired by affection or esteem is sufficiently shown from an entry in his diary on the day of Strafford's


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 execution: 'This day the Earl of Strafford was beheaded. No man died more universally hated, or less lamented by the people.'

Shortly after his return from England—whither he had gone as a witness at Strafford's trial the rebellion of 1641 broke out in Ireland. Sudden as was the outbreak, the earl was not taken by surprise, for from the beginning he had carefully prepared against such a contingency. In Munster, therefore, the rebels, owing to the stand made by the Earl of Cork, found themselves completely checkmated. Repairing to Youghal he summoned all his tenants to take up arms, and placed his sons at their head without delay. In a letter to Speaker Lenthall, giving an account of his successes, he states that, his ready money being all spent in the payment of his troops, he had converted his plate into coin {State Papers of the Earl of Orrery, p. 7). At the battle of Liscarrol, 3 Sept. 1642, his four sons held prominent commands, and his eldest son was slain on the field. The Earl of Cork died on 15 Sept. 1643, and was buried at Youghal. He left a large family, many of whom were gifted with exceptional talents, and either by their achievements or influential alliances conferred additional lustre on his name. Of his seven sons, four were ennobled in their father's lifetime. [q. v.] was first earl of Burlington;  [q. v.] was first earl of Orrery;  [q. v.], the youngest, by his scientific achievements, became the most illustrious of the Boyles; and of the eight daughters, seven were married to noblemen.

 BOYLE, RICHARD (d. 1644), archbishop of Tuam, was the elder brother of [q. v.], bishop of Waterford, and the second son of Michael Boyle, merchant, of London, and Jane, daughter and co-heir to William Peacock. He became warden of Youghal on 24 Feb. 1602-3, dean of Waterford on 10 May 1603, [dean of Tuam in May 1604,] archdeacon of Limerick on 8 May 1605, and bishop of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross on 22 Aug. 1620, these three preferments being obtained through the interest of his cousin, the first Earl of Cork. He was advanced to the see of Tuam on 30 May 1638. On the outbreak of the rebellion in 1641, he retired with Dr. John Maxwell, bishop of Killala, and others, to Galway for protection, where, when the town rose in arms against the garrison, his life was preserved through the influence of the Earl of Clanricarde. He died at Cork on 19 March 1644[-5], and was buried in the cathedral of St. Finbar. He is said to have repaired more churches and consecrated more new ones than any other bishop of his time. By his marriage to Martha, daughter of Richard (or John) Wright, of Catherine Hill, Surrey, he left two sons and nine daughters.

 BOYLE, RICHARD, first and second  (1612–1697), was the second son of  [q. v.], first earl of Cork, by Catherine, daughter of Sir Geoffrey Fenton, and was born at the college of Youghal on 20 Oct. 1612 (, True Remembrances). On 13 Aug. 1624 he was knighted at Youghal by Falkland, lord deputy of Ireland. In his twentieth year he was sent under a tutor to 'begin his travels into foreign kingdoms,' his father allowing him a grant of a thousand pounds a year (ib.) On the continent he spent over two years, visiting France, Flanders, and Italy. Shortly after his return he made the acquaintance of the Earl of Strafford, and commended himself so much to his good graces that he arranged a match between him and Elizabeth, daughter and sole heiress of Henry Lord Clifford, afterwards Earl of  Cum-


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 . The marriage was solemnised in the chapel of Skipton Castle, Craven, on 5 July 1635. This was the Countess of Burlington referred to by Pepys as 'a very fine speaking lady and a good woman' (Diary, 28 Sept., 1668). Through the marriage he acquired an influential position at court, which he greatly improved by his devotion to the interests of the king. When Charles in 1639 resolved on an expedition to Scotland, he raised a troop of horse, at the head of which he proposed to serve under the Earl of Cumberland. On the outbreak of the rebellion in Ireland in 1642, he went to his father's assistance at Munster, distinguishing himself at the battle of Liscarrol. He was member for Appleby in the Long parliament, but was disabled in 1643 (list in Cromwell). After the cessation of arms in September 1643 he joined the king at Oxford with his regiment. Some months previously he had succeeded his father as Earl of Cork, but the king as a special mark of favour raised him also to the dignity of Baron Clifford of Lanesborough, Yorkshire. Throughout the war he strenuously supported the cause of the king until that of the parliament was completely triumphant, after which he was forced to compound for his estate for 1,631l. (, Memoirs, 678). During the protectorate he retired to his Irish estates, but in 1651 his affairs were in such a desperate condition that his countess was obliged to supplicate Cromwell for redress. Through the mediation of his brother [q. v.], he then obtained a certain amount of relief from his grievances. After this matters improved with him so considerably that at the Restoration he was able to assist Charles II with large sums of money, in consequence of which he was, in 1663, raised to the dignity of Earl Burlington or Bridlington in the county of York. Subsequently he was appointed lord-lieutenant of the West Riding of Yorkshire and custos rotulorum. These offices he retained under James II, until he could no longer support him in his unconstitutional designs. Although he took an active part in promoting the cause of William and Mary, he accepted no office under the new regime. It was the Earl of Burlington who was the first occupant of Burlington House, Piccadilly. He died 15 Jan. 1697-8. His son Charles, lord Clifford, was father of Charles, third earl of Cork, and of [q. v.]

 BOYLE, RICHARD, third and fourth  (1695–1753), celebrated for his architectural tastes and his friendship with artists and men of letters, was the only son of Charles, third earl of Cork, and Juliana, daughter and heir to Henry Noel, Luffenham, Rutlandshire. He was born 25, April 1695, and succeeded to the title and estates of his father in 1704. On 9 Oct. 1714 he was sworn a member of the privy council. In May 1715 he was appointed lord-lieutenant of the West Riding of Yorkshire, and in June following custos rotulorum of the North and West Ridings. In August of the same year he was made lord high treasurer of Ireland. In June 1730 he was installed one of the knights companions of the Garter, and in June of the following year constituted captain of the band of gentlemen pensioners. Having before he attained his majority spent several years in Italy, Lord Burlington became an enthusiastic admirer of the architectural genius of Palladio, and on his return to England not only continued his architectural studies, but spent large sums of money to gratify his tastes in this branch of art. His earliest project was about 1716, to alter and partly reconstruct Burlington House, Piccadilly, which had been built by his great grandfather, the first earl of Burlington. The professional artist engaged was Campbell, who in 'Vitruvius Britannicus,' published in 1725, during the earl's lifetime, takes credit for the whole design. Notwithstanding this, Walpole asserts that the famous colonnade within the court was the work of Burlington; and in any case it may be assumed that Campbell was in a great degree guided in his plans by his patron's suggestions. That Burlington was chiefly responsible for the character of the building is further supported by the fact that it formed a striking and solitary exception to the bastard and commonplace architecture of the period. It undoubtedly justified the eulogy of Gay: But, as was the case in most of the designs of Burlington, the useful was sacrificed to the ornamental. The epigram regarding the building attributed to Lord Hervey—who, if he did make use of it, must have translated it from Martial, xii. 50—contained a spice of truth as well as malice. He says that it was The building figures in a print of Hogarth's intended to satirise the earl and his friends, entitled 'Taste of the Town,' afterwards changed to 'Masquerades and Operas, Burlington Gate.' Hogarth also published another similar print entitled 'The Man of Taste,' in which Pope is represented as white-washing Burlington House and bespattering the Duke of Chandos, and Lord Burlington appears as a mason going up a ladder. Burlington House was taken down to make way for the new buildings devoted to science and art. In addition to his town house Burlington had a suburban residence at Chiswick. He pulled down old Chiswick House


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 THE POETICAL WORKS

OF

JAMES THOMSON


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The New International Encyclopædia/Flad, Henry

FLAD, (1823-98). An American civil engineer, born in Bavaria. Soon after his graduation at the University of Munich, in 1846, he came to the United States, where he was appointed engineer on the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad, then in course of construction. He was elected president of the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1886, and became prominently associated with municipal construction in Saint Louis, where he was elected president of the Board of Public Improvements.


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 been asked, he should have replied in the same manner’ (Rolls of Parliament, iii. 358). On the strength of this opinion the proceedings of 1388 were reversed. Thirning's attitude on this occasion did not prevent him from taking the chief part in the quasi-judicial proceedings of the opposition of Richard II. He was one of the persons appointed to obtain Richard's renunciation of the throne on 29 Sept., and was one of the commissioners who on the following day pronounced the sentence of deposition in parliament. It is said to have been by Thirning's advice that Henry of Lancaster abandoned his idea of claiming the throne by right of conquest, the chief justice arguing that such a claim would have made all tenure of property insecure (Annales Henrici Quarti, p. 282). Thirning was the chief of the proctors sent to announce the deposition to Richard. After the reading of the formal commission, Richard refused to renounce the spiritual honour of king. Thirning then reminded him of the terms in which on 29 Sept. he had confessed he was deposed on account of his demerits. Richard demurred, saying, ‘Not so, but because my governance pleased them not.’ Thirning, however, insisted, and Richard yielded with a jest (ib. pp. 286–7; Rot. Parl. iii. 424). On 3 Nov. Thirning pronounced the decision of the king and peers against the accusers of Thomas of Gloucester (Annales Henrici Quarti, p. 315). This was his final interference in politics, but he continued to be chief justice throughout the reign of Henry IV, and on the accession of Henry V received a new patent on 2 May 1413. Thirning must have died very soon after, for his successor, Richard Norton (d. 1420) [q. v.], was appointed on 26 June of the same year, and in Trinity term of that year his widow Joan brought an action of debt.

[Annales Henrici Quarti ap. Trokelowe, Blaneford, &c. (Rolls Ser.); Rolls of Parliament; Ramsay's Lancaster and York, i. 11; Wylie's Hist. of Henry IV, i. 16–17, 33; Stubbs's Const. Hist. iii. 13–14; Foss's Judges of England.]

 THISTLEWOOD, ARTHUR (1770–1820), Cato Street conspirator, born at Tupholme, about twelve miles from Lincoln, in 1770, was the son of William Thistlewood of Bardney, Lincolnshire, and is said to have been illegitimate. His father was a well-known breeder of stock and respectable farmer under the Vyners of Gautby. Thistlewood appears to have been brought up as a land surveyor, but never followed that business; his brother, with whom he has been confused, was apprenticed to a doctor. He is said to have become unsettled in mind through reading the works of Paine, and to have proceeded to America and from America to France shortly before the downfall of Robespierre. In Paris he probably developed the opinions which marked him through life, and, according to Alison (Hist. Eur. ii. 424), returned to England in 1794 ‘firmly persuaded that the first duty of a patriot was to massacre the government and overturn all existing institutions.’ He was appointed ensign in the first regiment of West Riding militia on 1 July 1798 (Militia List, 1799), and on the raising of the supplementary militia he obtained a lieutenant's commission in the 3rd Lincolnshire regiment, commanded by Lord Buckinghamshire.

He married, 24 Jan. 1804, Jane Worsley, a lady older than himself, living in Lincoln and possessed of a considerable fortune. After his marriage he resided first in Bawtry and then in Lincoln. On the early death of his wife her fortune reverted to her own family, by whom he was granted a small annuity. Being obliged to leave Lincoln owing to some gambling transaction which left him unable to meet his creditors, he drifted to London, and there, being thoroughly discontented with his own condition, he became an active member of the Spencean Society, which aimed at revolutionising all social institutions in the interest of the poorer classes [see ]. At the society's meetings he came in contact with the elder James Watson (1766–1838) [q. v.] and his son, the younger James, who were in hearty sympathy with his views. In 1814 he resided for some time in Paris. Soon after his return to England, about the end of 1814, he came under the observation of the government as a dangerous character. Under the auspices of the Spencean and other revolutionary societies, the younger Watson and Thistlewood organised a great public meeting for 2 Dec. 1816 at Spa Fields, at which it was determined to inaugurate a revolution. At the outset the Tower and Bank were to be seized. For several months before the meeting Thistlewood constantly visited the various guardrooms and barracks, and he was so confident that his endeavours to increase the existing dissatisfaction among the soldiery had proved successful, that he fully believed that the Tower guard would throw open the gates to the mob. The military arrangements under the new régime were to be committed to his charge. The government was, however, by means of informers, kept in touch with the crude plans of the conspirators, and was well


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 The Poetical Works of James Thomson

By JAMES THOMSON

('B. V.')

Edited by BERTRAM DOBELL With a Memoir of the Author

IN TWO VOLUMES

VOL. II. LONDON

REEVES & TURNER

83 CHARING CROSS ROAD, W.C.

AND

BERTRAM DOBELL


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text: The New International Encyclopædia/Ratzeburg, Julius Theodor


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 A VOICE FROM THE NILE

from mountains under other stars

Than those reflected in my waters here ;

Athwart broad realms, beneath large skies, I flow,

Between the Libyan and Arabian hills,

And merge at last into the great Mid-Sea ;

And make this land of Egypt. All is mine :

The palm-trees and the doves among the palms,

The corn-fields and the flowers among the corn,

The patient oxen and the crocodiles,

The ibis and the heron and the hawk,

The lotus and the thick papyrus reeds,

The slant-sailed boats that flit before the wind

Or up my rapids ropes hale heavily ;

Yea, even all the massive temple-fronts

With all their columns and huge effigies,

The pyramids and Memnon and the Sphinx,

This Cairo and the City of the Greek

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