text:
ديسيمبر

Etymology
From, from , from , from , from , from.

Proper noun

 * 1) December twelfth month of the Gregorian calendar

title: ديسيمبر


text:
Talk:fuckedness

Turkish: sikiklik can someone add this? --88.238.138.14 14:13, 26 December 2012 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:fuckedness


text:
ծիծիկ

Etymology
From.

title: ծիծիկ


text:
soft sign

Etymology

, from +.

Noun

 * 1) The Cyrillic letter / (transliterated in English with an apostrophe (’) or prime (′)), which in modern languages using the Cyrillic alphabet serves to denote a soft (palatized) consonant.

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * Belarusian: мя́ккі знак
 * Bulgarian: ер ма́лък
 * Carpathian Rusyn: мня́гкый знак, ірь
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 軟音符號
 * Chuvash: ҫемҫелӗх палли
 * Czech: měkký znak
 * Dutch: zacht teken
 * Esperanto: mola signo
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish: pehmeä merkki, pehmennysmerkki
 * French:
 * German: weiches Zeichen, Weichheitszeichen
 * Greek: μαλακό σημείο, μιάχκιι ζνακ
 * Italian: segno tenue
 * Kazakh: жіңішкелік белгі
 * Kyrgyz: ичкертүү белгиси, жумшартуу белгиси
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian:
 * Macedonian: мек знак, мал ер
 * Mari:
 * Eastern Mari: пушкыдемдыше пале, пушкыдо пале
 * Mongolian: зөөлний тэмдэг
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: bløtt tegn
 * Old Church Slavonic:
 * Cyrillic: ѥрь
 * Polish: miękki znak
 * Portuguese: sinal suave
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian: meki znak,
 * Slovak: mäkký znak
 * Slovene: mehki znak
 * Southern Altai: јымжак темдек
 * Spanish: signo suave, signo blando
 * Swedish: mjuktecken
 * Tatar: нечкәлек билгесе
 * Turkish:
 * Tuvan: чымчак демдек
 * Udmurt: небыт пус
 * Ukrainian: м'яки́й знак, є́рик
 * Yakut: сымнатыы бэлиэтэ

title: soft sign


text:
Goudlokjesgebied

Etymology
From, a loan translation of.

Noun

 * 1) the habitable zone for a planet; the planetary area that is neither too warm nor too cold to sustain life; the Goldilocks zone

title: Goudlokjesgebied


text:
ծուծ

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) marrow, bone marrow
 * 2) brain
 * 3)  essence, pith
 * 4)  riches, possessions
 * 5) the action of sucking

Etymology
A word, but possibly of  origin, related to  and.

Noun

 * 1) substance to be sucked
 * 2) a kind of tax (?)
 * 3)  the nostrils

title: ծուծ


text:
hard sign

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) The Cyrillic letter /, which in modern languages serves to denote a hard (non-palatalized) consonant.

Usage notes

 * In modern Russian has no phonetic value of its own, and is purely an orthographic device. Its function is to separate a number of prefixes ending in a consonant from a following morpheme that begins with an iotated vowel. It is therefore commonly seen in front of the letters "я", "ё", "е", and "ю". The hard sign marks the fact that the sound continues to be heard in the composition. Example:
 * : "filming"
 * : nominative plural of "sister"

 * It therefore functions as a kind of "separation sign", which is used after prepositions and has been used only sparingly in the aforementioned cases since the spelling reform of 1918.

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * Belarusian: цвёрды знак
 * Bulgarian: ер голя́м
 * Carpathian Rusyn: твердый знак, ір
 * Chuvash: хытӑлӑх палли
 * Czech: tvrdý znak
 * Dutch: hard teken
 * Finnish: kova merkki
 * French:
 * German: hartes Zeichen, Hartheitszeichen
 * Italian: segno duro
 * Macedonian: тврд знак, голем ер
 * Mongolian:
 * Old Church Slavonic:
 * Cyrillic: ѥръ
 * Polish: twardy znak
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: твёрдый знак,
 * Slovak: tvrdy znak
 * Spanish: signo duro
 * Tuvan: кадыг демдек
 * Ukrainian: тверди́й знак

title: hard sign


text: Category:Telugu terms derived from Proto-Germanic


text:
ծծեմ

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to suck

title: ծծեմ


text: Category:Telugu terms derived from Germanic languages


text:
քմծիծաղ

Etymology
Literally "smile/laugh in the palate", from.

Noun

 * 1) smirk, simper, ironical smile

title: քմծիծաղ


text: Category:te:Mountains

title: Category:te:Mountains


text: piearama

title: piearama


text: nepiearama

title: nepiearama


text: saarama

title: saarama


text: nesaarama

title: nesaarama


text: uzarama

title: uzarama


text: neuzarama

title: neuzarama


text:
aramā

Participle

title: aramā


text:
nearamā

Participle

title: nearamā


text:
aizaramā

Participle

title: aizaramā


text:
zacht teken

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) soft sign (/)

title: zacht teken


text:
neaizaramā

Participle

title: neaizaramā


text:
hard teken

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) hard sign (/)

title: hard teken


text:
aparamā

Participle

title: aparamā


text:
neaparamā

Participle

title: neaparamā


text:
ataramā

Participle

title: ataramā


text:
neataramā

Participle

title: neataramā


text:
iearamā

Participle

title: iearamā


text:
neiearamā

Participle

title: neiearamā


text:
ծիլ

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) sprout, bud
 * 2)  first stages, germ

Etymology
The origin is. Perhaps a borrowing, ultimately from, whence 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) sprout, bud, haulm

title: ծիլ


text:
izaramā

Participle

title: izaramā


text:
neizaramā

Participle

title: neizaramā


text: ծիղ

title: ծիղ


text:
ծլեմ

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to bud, to shoot, to put forth, to sprout, to germinate, to blossom

title: ծլեմ


text: ծլիմ

title: ծլիմ


text:
noaramā

Participle

title: noaramā


text:
ծլել

Etymology
From,.

Verb

 * 1) to bud, to shoot, to sprout, to germinate
 * 2)  to appear

title: ծլել


text:
nenoaramā

Participle

title: nenoaramā


text:
paaramā

Participle

title: paaramā


text:
ծղօտ

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) haulm

title: ծղօտ


text: ծղաւտ

title: ծղաւտ


text:
ծղոտ

Etymology
From ; see it for more.

Noun

 * 1) haulm
 * 2) straw

title: ծղոտ


text:
lawly

Etymology
From, Northern variant of , , , equivalent to. More at.

Etymology
From, from , equivalent to. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) Proscribed by, pertaining to, or adhering to the law; lawful; legal.

title: lawly


text:
in a dither

Prepositional phrase

 * 1) In a state of indecision. Flustered

title: in a dither


text:
nepaaramā

Participle

title: nepaaramā


text:
pāraramā

Participle

title: pāraramā


text:
nepāraramā

Participle

title: nepāraramā


text:
piearamā

Participle

title: piearamā


text:
nepiearamā

Participle

title: nepiearamā


text:
saaramā

Participle

title: saaramā


text:
nesaaramā

Participle

title: nesaaramā


text:
uzaramā

Participle

title: uzaramā


text:
neuzaramā

Participle

title: neuzaramā


text: aramam

title: aramam


text: nearamam

title: nearamam


text: aizaramam

title: aizaramam


text: neaizaramam

title: neaizaramam


text: aparamam

title: aparamam


text: neaparamam

title: neaparamam


text:
Talk:ominis

i want the defination of the ominis

title: Talk:ominis


text: jueus

title: jueus


text: jueva

title: jueva


text:
Template:taxlook

- -  - Special:WhatLinksHere/ -  @WSp - @WP -  -  - Fossilworks

title: Template:taxlook


text:
шљука

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) snipe
 * 2) woodcock

title: шљука


text:
Khazar

Etymology
The origin is. Attested as 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, etc. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

See Wikipedia's article for etymology.

Noun

 * 1) A member of a semi-nomadic Turkic tribe that occupied a large part of southwestern Russia and Ukraine (Khazaria).
 * 2)  A Jew, particularly of Ashkenazi origin by reference to a discredited, racist myth of their origin in Europe.

Translations

 * Arabic: خَزَر
 * Armenian:
 * Old Armenian: խազիրք
 * Azerbaijani: xəzər
 * Belarusian: хаза́р
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 可薩人
 * Dutch: chazar
 * French: khazar
 * Georgian: ხაზარი
 * German: Chasar, Chasarin
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew: כּוּזָרִי
 * Hindi: ख़ज़र
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian: Cazaro, Khazaro
 * Japanese: ハザール
 * Kazakh: хазар
 * Khakas: хазар
 * Korean: 하자르
 * Mongolian:
 * Persian:
 * Iranian Persian:
 * Polish:, Chazarka
 * Russian:, хаза́рка
 * Spanish: jázaro, jazar
 * Swedish:
 * Tatar: хәзәр
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: хоза́р
 * Urdu: خَزَر
 * Uzbek: xazar
 * Yiddish: כּוזרי, כאַזאַר

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to Khazars.

Translations

 * Armenian: խազարական
 * German: chasarisch
 * Khakas: хазар
 * Mongolian:
 * Russian:

Proper noun

 * 1) The Turkic language of the Khazar people, of which a single word is attested,.

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * German: Chasarisch
 * Khakas: хазар тілі
 * Mongolian:
 * Russian:
 * Turkish:

title: Khazar


text:
Template:taxlook/documentation

This is intended for use on Requested entries (Scientific names), but may be usable elsewhere.

It takes two arguments: the first intended to be a taxonomic name; the second the type of taxonomic name, eg, genus, species, variety, parvorder, clade.

It simply provides links to the pages with that title at Wiktionary, Wikispecies, and Wikipedia and to Google searches at Books and Scholar and categorizes the item as missing.

title: Template:taxlook/documentation


text: Khazars

title: Khazars


text:
Chazar

Noun

 * 1)  Khazar

title: Chazar


text: Chozar

title: Chozar


text: Khozar

title: Khozar


text: Chazars

title: Chazars


text: Chozars

title: Chozars


text: Khozars

title: Khozars


text:
постељина

Noun

 * 1) bedding, bedclothes

title: постељина


text:
Template:h-less dialect

A representation of the pronunciation of  by someone whose dialect lacks the voiceless glottal fricative or transition.

title: Template:h-less dialect


text:
clavicarius

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  locksmith

title: clavicarius


text: Anophles

title: Anophles


text:
umbestounde

Etymology
From, from + , accusative of.

Adverb

 * 1) at times; from time to time; sometimes
 * 2) frequently, often
 * 3) after a (short) time; after a while

title: umbestounde


text:
clavicularius

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) jailer

title: clavicularius


text:
варяг

Etymology
, from. The figurative sense stems from the legendary summoning of Rurik and the Varangians by the East Slavs.

Noun

 * 1)  Varangian, Viking
 * 2)  an outsider or foreigner brought in to lead or help an organization or company, e.g. local bodies of state administration or a sports team

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1)  Varangian, Viking
 * 2)  an outsider or foreigner brought in to lead or help an organization or company

title: варяг


text:
User talk:Mutemaxe III

Welcome
Welcome!

Hello, welcome to Wiktionary, and thank you for your contributions so far. Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * How to edit a page is a concise list of technical guidelines to the wiki format we use here: how to, for example, make text boldfaced or create hyperlinks. Feel free to practice in the sandbox. If you would like a slower introduction we have a short tutorial.
 * Entry layout explained (ELE) is a detailed policy documenting how Wiktionary pages should be formatted. All entries should conform to this standard, the easiest way to do this is to copy exactly an existing page for a similar word.
 * Our Criteria for inclusion (CFI) define exactly which words Wiktionary is interested in including. There is also a list of things that Wiktionary is not for a higher level overview.
 * If you already have some experience with editing our sister project Wikipedia, then you may find our guide to Wikipedia users useful.
 * The FAQ aims to answer most of your remaining questions, and there are several help pages that you can browse for more information.
 * We have discussion rooms in which you can ask any question about Wiktionary or its entries, a glossary of our technical jargon, and some hints for dealing with the more common communication issues.

Also, please add a BabelBox to your userpage so we can help you with the languages you'll be working in.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! If you have any questions, bring them to the Information desk, or ask me on my talk page. If you do so, please sign your posts with four tildes: ~ which automatically produces your username and the current date and time.

Again, welcome! --EncycloPetey (talk) 16:36, 26 December 2012 (UTC)

User page
Please create your user page under your user name. You are not allowed to create a user page under someone else's name. --EncycloPetey (talk) 16:36, 26 December 2012 (UTC)
 * I'm trying to unblock this by creating unblock request--Mutemaxe III (talk) 01:30, 28 December 2012 (UTC)
 * I'm also note that this admin,SemperBotto,don't want my master to be unblocked.my master has been locked for sockpuppetry,see Special:CentralAuth/Rolandhelper--Mutemaxe III (talk) 03:05, 28 December 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mutemaxe III


text: ribeiras

title: ribeiras


text: enffant

title: enffant


text: track records

title: track records


text: ataramam

title: ataramam


text: enffans

title: enffans


text:
clochier

Noun

 * 1) bell tower

title: clochier


text: hotéis

title: hotéis


text:
表題

Noun

 * 1) title, heading

Noun

 * 1) title, heading

title: 表題


text:
Nummerierung

Noun

 * 1) numbering

title: Nummerierung


text: Nummerierungen

title: Nummerierungen


text:
ribeiro

Etymology
From, from. Doublet of the borrowed.

Noun

 * 1) a brook, creek or stream small body of running water

Noun

 * 1) a wine from Galicia

title: ribeiro


text:
numara verme

Noun

 * 1) numbering

title: numara verme


text: numara vermeyi

title: numara vermeyi


text: numara vermeler

title: numara vermeler


text:
halfslachtig

Etymology
From or.

Adjective

 * 1) without much conviction or effort; halfhearted

title: halfslachtig


text:
inertament

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) inertly

title: inertament


text:
deturar

Verb

 * 1)  to stop, halt

title: deturar


text:
Talk:蜡

Mandarin readings
Can it be added in which contexts the two different Mandarin readings are used? 71.66.97.228 18:27, 26 December 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:蜡


text:
User:BD2412/Thoroughbred horse racing terminology

North American Thoroughbred horse racing terminology:

allowance race
A race for which the track operator's designated official (usually the Racing Secretary) establishes specific conditions that decides what weights are to be carried by any competing horse based on factors from the horse's previous performances including races won and/or earnings.

apprentice
A young [[jockey, sometimes called a  "[[Thoroughbred horse racing#Race terminology|Bug Boy" who is still in training who is required to ride a certain number of winners in a specified period of time before completing his or her apprenticeship.

backstretch
The straightway on the farther side of the racecourse.

claiming race
Race in which any competing horse is subject to be purchased for a preset price. A claim is made before the race and can only be acted upon by a licensed owner or their agent.

chute
An extension to a straightaway on either the homestretch or the backstretch used for establishing a distance to eliminate the need to begin the race on a turn.

closer
A horse that performs best during the latter part of the race, usually coming from behind against most of its race competitors.

derby
A race for three-year-olds. The name is often used for the most important race for three-year-olds in a state or region, for instance the [[Kentucky Derby, [[Florida Derby, [[Louisiana Derby, [[Arkansas Derby.

eighth pole
A pole to signal that the finish line is one-eighth of a mile away.

front-runner
A horse that usually achieves its optimum performance when allowed to run at the head of the field.

furlong
One-eighth of a mile (220 yards or just over 201 metres).

futurity
A race for two-year-old horses for which they have been entered while still a foal.

handicap race
Designed to create equality through a handicap in which the horses are assigned a specific weight that the Racing Secretary determines is fair based on their assessment of each entrant's potential.

homestretch
The straightaway leading to the finish.

juvenile
Two-year-old horses.

maiden race
Specific race for runners that have never won a race, usually by age, but not always.

nom de course
A name used by a racehorse owner under which their horse is registered to compete.

oaks
Stakes race for three-year-old fillies.

racemare
Female horse who has competed in sanctioned Thoroughbred races.

rail
Inside fence on a racetrack.

silks/Colors
The silk or nylon jacket and cap worn by a jockey is provided by the owner whose unique colors are registered with the national and/or regional racing authority. The first use of registered colors occurred in 1762 at [[Newmarket Racecourse in England.

track record/course record
The fastest time on a specific racetrack it has taken any Thoroughbred to complete a set race distance on a specific surface.
 * Track = dirt; Course = turf

track steward
One or more racetrack officials responsible for enforcment of racing regulations.

paddock
Pre-race track saddling and parading area for spectator viewing. The term also applies to a fenced-in plot of ground on a farm.

walkover
Race with only one horse going to the post. As a result, the sole starter needs only to gallop the distance of the race to be the official winner and collect the allotted purse or a prescribed portion of it depending on the race regulations in effect. A walkover is a very rare occurrence.

race terminology

 * post position refers to the stall in the starting gate to which the horse has been given by a luck of the draw. The higher the number, the more difficult it usually is for the horse to gain its preferred race position.

 * bug boy is a popular term in the USA for an apprentice rider, so named because the asterisk in the racing program after an apprentice jockey's name resembles a bug.

The Australian and New Zealand punting glossary explains some of the terms, jargon and slang which are commonly used and heard.

 * 750s: Binoculars with magnification of 7x50 mm.
 * 10-50s: Binoculars with magnification of 10x50 mm.

 * acceptor: A horse confirmed by the owner or trainer to be a runner in a race.
 * all up: A Type of Bet where the winnings of one race is carried over to the next race and so forth.
 * Apprentice: A young [[jockey, usually under 21 years of age, who is still in training. Recent rule changes allow older riders just starting out to work their way through their "apprenticeship".
 * Apprentice allowance: Reduction in the weight to be carried by a horse which is to be ridden by an apprentice jockey. Also called a "claim". It varies from 4 kg to 1.5 kg depending on the number of winners the apprentice has ridden. Recent rule changes have resulted in an increase in the maximum amount able to be claimed—from 3 kg to 4 kg.
 * Approximates: The [[Totalizator Agency Board|TAB prices horses are showing before a race begins.
 * Asparagus: Name given to a punter who arrives on course with a stack of ‘mail’, hence: more tips than a tin of asparagus.

 * B.: An abbreviation for a [[Bay (horse)|bay horse as it appears in race books, pedigrees and stud books.
 * Back: To [[gambling|bet on a horse.
 * Backed In: A horse whose [[Fixed-odds gambling|odds have shortened.
 * Backed off the map: A horse which has been heavily supported resulting in a substantial decrease in [[Fixed-odds gambling|odds.
 * Back up: To race a horse soon after its latest engagement. Also, punters who keep backing a particular horse are said to "back up."
 * Bagman: [[Bookmaker's employee responsible for settling bets on course.
 * Bank teller job: A horse considered such a near certainty that a bank teller could invest ‘borrowed’ bank funds and replace them without detection.
 * Banker: A key selection in an exotic bet which must win, or run a particular place to guarantee any return.
 * Banker: See Dead cert.
 * Barriers: [[Starting barrier used to keep horses in line before the start of a race. Each horse has a stall or place randomly allocated in the barrier draw for the race.
 * Battler: A trainer, jockey or bookmaker who just manages to make a living from his full time involvement in horse racing.
 * Benchmark: under this system, operating in NSW, the weight a horse carries at its next start is determined immediately after its previous race, according to the merit of that run. Each Benchmark point equals half a kilogram.
 * Best Bet: The selection that racing journalists and tipsters nominate as their strongest selection of the day. In the UK, it is known as the nap.
 * Bet back: Action taken by a bookmaker when he is heavily-committed to a horse and spreads some of the risk by investing with other bookies or the totalisator.
 * Bet until your nose bleeds: Confident instructions to a commission agent or advice to a [[Gambler|punter indicating that the horse is so certain to win that betting should only be halted in the unlikely event of a nose haemorrhage.
 * Better than bank interest: Justification by a punter for backing a horse that is very short odds on.
 * betting exchange: Internet based organisations which broker bets between punters for a commission. The largest is [[Betfair.
 * Big bickies: A large amount of money.
 * Big note: To skite or exaggerate a position or status - to "big note" oneself.
 * Big Red: Nickname of the champion race horse [[Phar Lap.
 * Binos (pronounced "by-nose"): Binoculars.
 * Birdcage: Area where horses are paraded before entering the racetrack.
 * Bite: To ask someone for a loan.
 * Bl.: An abbreviation for a black horse, as it appears in race books, pedigrees and stud books.
 * Black type: [[Thoroughbred sales catalogues use boldface type to highlight horses that have won or placed in a stakes race.
 * Bleeder: A horse that bleeds from the lungs during or after a race or workout. In Australia a first-time bleeder is banned from racing for three months. If it bleeds a second time the horse is banned for life.
 * Blew like a north wind: Said about a horse whose odds have lengthened dramatically during the course of betting.
 * Blinkers: A cup-shaped device used to limit a horse's vision during a race and improve concentration.
 * Bloused: To be caught on the line or defeated in a photo finish.
 * Blow: When the odds of a horse increase during betting.
 * Blown out the gate: Odds have extended dramatically due to lack of support.
 * Boat race: A race with a number of non-triers which is said to be fixed for one horse to win.
 * Bolter: A horse at long odds.
 * Box: Betting term denoting an exotic combination bet whereby all possible numeric outcomes are covered.
 * Box seat: A position in a race which is one horse off the fence and one horse behind the leaders.
 * Br.: An abbreviation for a brown horse, as it appears in race books, pedigrees and stud books.
 * Breaking: Breaking into a gallop, when trotting horses start galloping.
 * Bred: A horse is bred where it is foaled. Thus a foal conceived in New Zealand but foaled in Australian is regarded as being bred in Australia.
 * Breeder: A breeder of a foal is the owner of its dam when it is foaled. He may not have had anything to do with the mating of the mare or the place where it is foaled.
 * Bring a duffel bag: Term used by a punter who expects to take copious amounts of cash home from the track.
 * Broodmare: A filly or mare that has been bred and is used to produce foals.
 * Buying money: Term used by a punter when required to bet ‘odds on’.
 * C: The class of a harness racehorse which stands for Country Assessment; M stands for Metropolitan Assessment. A C11 M6 pacer has won an equivalent of 11 country class races and 6 metropolitan class races.
 * c.: An abbreviation for a colt, as it appears in race books, pedigrees and stud books.
 * Calcutta: Sweepstakes conducted prior to a big event with each horse being [[raffled and then auctioned to the highest bidder.
 * Carry the grandstand: Said of a horse allocated a big weight in a handicap race.
 * Cast: A horse situated on its side or back, and wedged in the starting stalls, such that it cannot get up.
 * Cast a plate: Lost a racing plate.
 * Ch.: An abbreviation for a chestnut horse, as it appears in race books, pedigrees and stud books.
 * Chaff burner: Derogatory term for a horse.
 * Checked: Incident during a race when a horse is blocked, causing it to change stride, slow down or change direction.
 * Claim: see apprentice allowance.
 * Clerk of the course: Mounted racecourse officials who manage horses and jockeys on the race track, and lead the winner of a race back to the mounting yard.
 * Coat-tugger: A racecourse [[confidence trick|conman who will tip a horse to a punter, and if the horse wins, is always present when the punter collects, to demand a portion of the winnings.
 * Colourful racing identity: [[Euphemism for a criminal.
 * Colours: Coloured racing jacket and cap worn by jockeys to indicate the owners of a horse.
 * [[Colt (horseracing)|Colt: An entire (ungelded) male under four years of age.
 * Connections: The owners and [[horse trainer|trainer of a horse.
 * Cop a minty wrapper: To receive a very light "sling" or gratuity.
 * Correct weight: After a race the weight carried by at least the placegetters is checked, and ‘correct weight’ is the signal by the stewards that bets can be paid.
 * Could not lay it with a trowel: Said by [[bookmakers of a horse that has been completely neglected in the betting ring.
 * Cricket score odds: Very long odds, usually 100 to 1 or better.
 * Crucified: see Slaughtered.
 * crusher: A bookmaker who takes top odds from his colleagues and then offers prices on the same horse or horses at reduced odds.
 * cuts his own hair: An expression to indicate a person is very careful about investing any money.

d
harness racing

 * daily double: Type of wager calling for the selection of winners of two nominated races.
 * daylight: Often called as second place getter in a race where the winner has won by a wide margin.
 * dead cert: Dead certainty, a horse or team that is considered highly likely to win.
 * dead ‘un: A horse deliberately ridden to lose.
 * deductions: The percentage reduction in odds, for win and place bets, when a horse is scratched from a race after betting on that race has commenced.
 * derby: A stakes event for three-year-olds.
 * desperate: A hopeless gambler; one who has no control over his or her tendency to bet.
 * dip: A pickpocket on a racecourse; someone with light fingers.
 * dishlickers: A colloquial term for greyhound racing.
 * dogs are barking it: A big tip which has become common knowledge.
 * doing plenty: Having a rough trot on the punt.
 * donkey-licked: To be defeated convincingly.
 * double carpet: 33/1 outsider.
 * drift: When the odds of a horse increase or ease.
 * drift in: A horse moving from a straight path towards the rail during a race.
 * drongo: A horse or person who was disappointing, slow or clumsy.
 * drum: Good information, a tip. Drum can also mean to be placed 2nd or 3rd in a race; to run "the drum."
 * Dutch book: To bet on a number of horses, at varying odds, such that whichever bet wins, a set profit is guaranteed.
 * duet: Exotic bet to select two of the three placegetters in a race.
 * duffer in the wet: Does not run well on slow or heavy tracks.

E

 * Each way: To bet for a win and a place.
 * Educated money: An amount invested on a horse from a [[stable or informed source.
 * Emergencies: Substitutes, or replacements, for horses which are scratched from a race which is limited to a number of starters. The 'emergency starters' are drawn up by ballot or lottery to take the place of any runner that is withdrawn.
 * [[Emu: A person who picks up discarded betting tickets on a racecourse, hoping that some will be of value. The person strikes a similar pose to Australia’s largest native bird when feeding.
 * Entire: Any male horse with both testicles in the scrotum.
 * [[Even money: Odds of 1-1. A total return of $2 for a $1 outlay.
 * Exacta: Exotic bet to select the first two finishers in a race in the exact order of finish.
 * Exotics: Any bet other than a win or place e.g. Quinella, [[trifecta, quadrella, superfecta, treble, exacta.

f

 * f.: An abbreviation for a filly, as it appears in race books, pedigrees and stud books.
 * Facing the breeze: Horse on the outside that can't get past the leader in trotting races.
 * Failed to give a yelp: Said of a horse that, although expected to go well, runs down the track.
 * [[Farrier: A person who shoes the horses.
 * Favourite: The horse which is quoted at the shortest odds in a race.
 * Field bet: To incorporate all of the runners in a race in one combination of an exotic bet.
 * [[Filly: A female Thoroughbred less than four years of age.
 * Firm: To shorten in the betting, generally because of the weight of money being invested.
 * First Four: An exotic type of wager picking the first four finishers in exact sequence.
 * First up: The first run of a horse in a new preparation.
 * Flip of the coin: The odds available are quoted at [[even money.
 * Flying handicap: A sprint race generally of less than 1200 metres.
 * Foot on the till: Expression indicating that a horse is ready to win.
 *  [[Form (horse racing)|Form : A horse’s record of past performances.
 * Fractions: The cents left over after TAB dividends are rounded down to the lower 10 cents.
 * [[Front-runner: A horse that performs best when allowed to run along at the head of the field.
 * [[Furlong: An eighth of a mile (220 yards).

G

 * Gear Changes are authorised by stewards and appear in form guides and race books. Gear falling into this category includes: Blinkers, pacifiers, winkers, visors, cheekers, Cornell Collars, ear muffs, nose bands, nose rolls, various bits, tail chain, tongue tie, various plates and shoes for racing. Prior to racing: barrier blankets, stallion chains and blindfolds. Gelding of entire males is also to be notified.
 * [[Gelding: A male horse that has been castrated.
 * Get on: Have your bet accepted.
 * Get out stakes: The last event on any racing programme.
 * Get up: To win.
 * Getting set: Being accommodated for a wager.
 * Getting up without names: An indication that a number of long shots have won races, hence: "They're getting up without names today."
 * Girth: An elastic and leather band sometimes covered with sheepskin, that passes under a horse's belly and is connected to both sides of the saddle.
 * Going: The surface condition of the racecourse (fast, good, dead, slow, or heavy). A trial system introduced in NSW in 2005 rates tracks on a score of 10, from 1 [Fast] to 10 [Heavy]. Victoria introduced the system for a trial period on 1 December 2005.
 * Good alley: A barrier draw considered to be ideal for a particular horse.
 * Good oil: Positive information about a horse’s chances in a race.
 * Gorilla: A colloquial term for one thousand dollars.
 * Got at: A horse is said to have been got at when it was by any means been put in such a condition that it cannot win.
 * Got the blows: Drifted in the betting.
 * Gr.: An abbreviation for a grey horse, as it appears in race books, pedigrees and stud books.
 * Greet the judge: To win a race.
 * [[Group races|Group race: High quality race categorised into [[Group One (G1), 2 and 3 and Listed races, in order of importance.
 * Grow another leg: Said of horses that handle wet tracks well.

h

 * h.: An abbreviation for a horse (stallion), as it appears in race books, pedigrees and stud books.
 * Had something on the winner: Understatement of a punter who may have bankrupted a couple of bookies.
 * Hairy-goat: A racehorse that has performed badly.
 * Half-brother, half-sister: Horses out of the same dam but by different sires. It does not apply to horses by the same sire.
 * Ham: As in 'What a Ham'. Term used for a horse that has been in a good paddock/looks a little large around the edges.
 * Handicapper: The racing official who assigns the weights to be carried by horses in handicap races.
 * Hang: To veer away from a straight course during a race.
 * Hard earned: Money.
 * Head: A margin between horses. One horse leading another by the length of his head.
 * Headquarters: In Victoria, [[Flemington Racecourse is known as headquarters.
 * The Heath: The nickname for [[Caulfield Racecourse.
 * Hold all tickets: Announcement by the Stewards that no bets can be settled until certain aspects of the race have been investigated.
 * Hoop: Jockey.
 * Horse: An entire male horse of four years of age or more.
 * Hot Pot: The race favourite.

I

 * Imports: Horses imported to Australia are indicated by an abbreviation the country of their birth, such as New Zealand (NZ) and United States (USA). An * (asterisk) suffix may also be used to denote horses imported from England or Ireland to Australia or New Zealand.
 * Impost: The weight a horse is allocated or carries.
 * In the red: The price of a horse when it is odds on. The Bookmakers’ boards display ‘odds on’ in red to distinguish from odds against.
 * Inquiry Inquiry into the running of the race. Can result in demotion of one or more horses in the finish order.
 * Irons: Stirrups.

j

 * Jackpot: Monies carried over to the next suitable race or meeting. This occurs in exotic bet types such as quadrella and superfecta when no investor selects the winning combination.
 * Jigger: An illegal battery powered device used by a jockey to stimulate a horse during a race or track work.
 * Jumped out of the ground: Said of a horse which comes from nowhere at the end of the race.
 * Jumped out of trees: Said by bookmakers of a rush of punters to plunge on a horse.
 * Just about square: Punters expression for nearly broke.

K

 * knocktaker: An absolute certainty. A moral. A stone bonker. A B.O.A.T. [Bird Of All Time].
 * knuckled over: To stumble away from the starting stalls, usually caused by the track surface breaking away from under a horse's hooves, causing it to duck its head or nearly go to its knees.

L

 * Lacks ticker: Deficient in the heart department.
 * Late mail: Final thoughts and selections of tipsters allowing for things like scratchings, jockey changes and on course information.
 * Lay: When a bookmaker takes a risk and increases the odds of a particular horse to entice investors because the bookmaker truly believes that horse has no chance of winning the race.
 * [[Lay down misere: An absolute certainty.
 * Lay of the day: A fancied horse considered by a bookmaker to be the one about which he will take the biggest risk.
 * Lay off: Bets made by one bookmaker with another bookmaker or the tote, in an effort to reduce his liability in respect of bets already laid by him with investors.
 * Length: A length. The length of a horse from nose to tail. Used to describe the distance between horses in a race.
 * London to a brick on: Long odds-on.
 * Long shot: An outsider at long odds with little chance of winning.
 * Lost a leg in the float: The horse has drifted alarmingly in the betting.
 * Lug: Racing erratically and hanging in.

m

 * M: The class of a harness racehorse which stands for Metropolitan Assessment. A C11 M6 pacer has won an equivalent of 11 country class races and 6 metropolitan class races.
 * m.: An abbreviation for a mare, as it appears in race books, pedigrees and stud books etc.
 * Maiden: A horse that has not won a race.
 * Mail: Information and tips.
 * [[Mare: A female horse over three years old.
 * Market: The list of all horses engaged in a race and their respective odds.
 * Mentor: The trainer of a horse.
 * Monkey: A term used for five hundred dollars.
 * Moral: An absolute certainty.
 * Mounting yard: Enclosure where the horses are paraded prior to each race and jockeys mount and dismount their horses.
 * Muck lather: Term for a horse sweating profusely, usually brought on by nervousness prior to a race.
 * Mudlark: A horse which goes well on a wet track.

n

 * Nags: Derogatory term for horse racing.
 * Near side: Left hand side of a horse. The side on which a horse is normally mounted.
 * Neck; A win or place margin, which in racing is about the length of a hores's neck.
 * Neglected: Attracting very little support in the betting.
 * Nose: The short winning margin in an Australian horse race, followed by a short half-head.
 * Nose band: A leather strap that goes around a horse's nose to help keep the mouth shut.

o

 * Oaks: A stakes event for three-year-old fillies.
 * Odds against: [[Odds which are longer than evens (e.g. 2-1). At present Australian odds are expressed as a $ figure: 2-1 is now shown as $3 (2-1 plus the $1 stake).
 * Odds on: [[Odds which are shorter than evens (e.g. 1-2 or 2-1 on). Or $1.50, using the above example in Odds Against.
 * Odds on look on: An old adage used by punters in which the decision is made not to bet on a race in which the favourite is at odds on.
 * Off side: The right hand side of a horse.
 * On course tote: The totalisator which is situated at the race course.
 * On the bit: When a horse is eager to run.
 * On the nod: A betting transaction between a punter and bookmaker without money changing hands. A credit bet.
 * On the nose: A bet placed on the win only
 * One large: A term used for one thousand dollars.
 * Ordinary cattle: A derogatory term for a low class field of runners.
 * Outlay: The money an investor bets or wagers is called their outlay.
 * Outsider: A horse whose chances of winning a race are not considered very strong. An outsider is usually quoted at the highest odds.
 * Overs: Odds about a horse which are considered to be good value because they are longer than its estimated probability of winning.
 * Overweight: Excess weight carried by a horse when the rider cannot make the allocated weight, including apprentice allowances.

p

 * Pacifiers: Mesh eye-covers used to calm horses down. Racing stewards may restrict their use in wet weather for safety reasons, as mud can stick to them.
 * Pay the grandstand: Often said of a likely exotic tote dividend when one or more outsiders win or run a place. "It will pay the grandstand."
 * penetrometer: A device used for measuring the hardness or softness of the track by measuring the extent to which the device penetrates the ground. [See "Going".]
 * Persuader: Colloquial term for a jockey’s whip.
 * Photo finish: Where the finish of the race is so close that a photograph has to be used to determine the eventual winner/placer.
 * Pigskin: A jockey’s saddle.
 * Pig-root: Horse which bucks and tries to throw the rider.
 * Pilot the field: To lead the race.
 * Placed: Finished in the first three in a race.
 * Place bet A place bet will win if the selected horse finishes in the first three in fields of eight or more horses. If there are only six or seven runners the horse must finish first or second to place.
 * Plonk: A sizeable amount wagered on a horse. Not quite a plunge but a "decent plonk" nevertheless.
 * Plunge: In the bookmakers' ring, a massive and sudden support for a horse.
 * Postilion: Jockey.
 * Preliminary: The walk, canter or gallop by a horse on the way to the starting stalls.
 * Pre-post odds: A horse's anticipated odds as printed in the morning newspapers.
 * [[Price: The odds on offer about a horse.
 * Prior convictions: A horse which has failed to perform to expectations on previous occasions.
 * Protest: When a jockey, owner, trainer or steward alleges interference by one party against another during a race that may have affected the outcome of a race. If a protest is upheld by stewards, the runner that caused the interference is placed directly after the horse interfered with. If a protest is dismissed, the original result of the race stands.
 * Pulled its head off: Said of a horse that would not settle, or over-raced.
 * Pulling: Over racing.
 * Punt: To wager on the outcome of a race.
 * Punter: Person making the wager.
 * Put your house on: A good thing.

Q

 * quality handicap; Races which have a minimum weight of 53 kg and a maximum weight of 61 kg unless otherwise approved, plus minimum rates of prizemoney.

r

 * Racing plates: Aluminium horseshoes.
 * Rails: The fence on the inside of a race track. Also, the prime position in a bookmakers' ring. Hence "rails bookmaker."
 * Red-hots: The trots, or [[harness racing.
 * Relegated: Horse is demoted in finish order due to an inquiry into the race.
 * Result: In bookmaking a "result" is a financial outcome of any race. It may be a "good result" or a "bad result."
 * Ridden upside down: Not ridden in the usual manner. An example would be a normal front runner which is ridden back in the field.
 * Rig: A male horse which is a cryptorchid or not properly castrated.
 * Ring: An area on a racecourse where the bookmakers are positioned is always called a "ring", regardless of its shape.
 * Ring-in: A horse in a race who has been substituted illegally for the correct entrant. The most infamous case in recent years was the [[Fine Cotton ring-in.
 * Risky conveyance: A horse which has a record of not performing to expectations in previous races.
 * Roughie: A horse at long odds which is considered to have only a remote chance of winning a race.
 * Running double: Type of wager calling for the selection of winners of two consecutive races.

s

 * Saddlecloth: A cloth which goes under the saddle to identify the horse by number and, sometimes in major races, its name.
 * Salute the judge: The horse wins the race.
 * Satchel swinger: A [[bookmaker.
 * Score up: In harness racing the movement of horses behind the mobile barrier before a start is made.
 * Scraping paint: Racing tight, or close, to the running rail.
 * Scratch: To be taken out of a race before it starts.
 * Sectionals: Intermediate times recorded during a race.
 * Set the board: When a bookmaker completes the information shown on the betting board, by listing each runner in a race and their respective odds, he or she is said to have set the board.
 * Settling: A meeting between bookmaker and punter at which money is exchanged in settlement for past credit betting. The majority of settling now takes place at the course prior to the race.
 * [[shadow roll|(Shadow) Nose Roll: A wide lambs wool covered noseband designed to keep the horse from seeing his own shadow.
 * [[Shillelagh: Colloquial term for a jockey’s whip.
 * Shin sore: Inflammation of the membrane of the cannon bone.
 * Short half-head: The second-smallest winning margin. In Australia a NOSE is the shortest margin a horse can win by.
 * Shorten: When the [[Fixed-odds gambling|odds of a horse decrease, usually because a lot of money has been wagered on that horse.
 * Shrapnel: The term used by a bookie's bagman for a heap of small coins.
 * Silks: A jockey's breeches and bib or cravat
 * Skinner: A "result" for a bookmaker which entails very little, or no pay out whatsoever on a race.
 * Slaughtered: Said of a jockey who has ridden a horse so badly as to be the main cause of it losing a race.
 * Sling: A sum of money given as gratuity or bonus generally by an owner to a trainer, jockey or strapper.
 * Smarty: A somewhat derogatory term for a person not to be trusted, especially with privileged stable information.
 * Smoky: A well supported horse with no apparent form to justify its price.
 *  [[SP bookmaking|SP : An illegal "off course" operator - a starting price bookmaker. The term SP is also used by racing officials to declare the official starting price of a horse.
 * Special: see Best bet.
 * Speedy squib: A horse which has a reputation for beginning races extremely fast and running out of steam before the winning post.
 * Spell: The resting period for a horse between preparations or racing.
 * Spin: An expression for a five pound note (pre-1966 currency).
 * Spot: A term used for one hundred dollars.
 * [[Spring Grand Slam: Informally describes the treble of the [[Caulfield Cup, [[Cox Plate and [[Melbourne Cup.
 * Sprout wings: To accelerate surprisingly in the straight to defeat a leader who looked certain to win.
 * Stake: The sums of money deposited or guaranteed by the parties to a bet.
 * Stakes races: Group one, group two, group three or listed races.
 * Stayer: A horse that specialises in longer distance races.
 * Stewards: Officials who run the race meeting and are responsible for enforcing the Australian [and Local] Rules of racing.
 * Stick: Jockey’s whip.
 * Sticks: Hurdles or fences in jumping races.
 * Stipes: Another term for the Stewards. (Or Stipendiary Stewards)
 * [[Stirrups: Metal "D" shaped rings into which a jockey places his/her feet. Also known as "irons".
 * Stone motherless: Expression used to indicate that a horse is running a clear last in a race, or is tailed off at the finish.
 * Stonebonker: A good thing in a race. A horse considered to be over the line.
 * Straight out: Betting to win only
 * strapper: The person who attends to, grooms, and usually leads the horse around the mounting yard.
 * superfecta: An exotic type of bet which requires a punter to select the first six horses to cross the finish line in the exact order. Only previously offered in New South Wales; now replaced by the First Four. (Compare with the usual U.S. definition, which is similar to the Australian/New Zealand First Four.)
 * Swimmer: Horse which performs very well on rain effected tracks.
 * Swooper: A horse which charges home at the end of a race.

t

 * TAB: [[Totalisator Agency Board. The original State government body appointed to regulate off-course betting. Many of the State TABs have been privatised in recent years.
 * Tabcorp is Australia’s largest gambling and entertainment group. It was established in 1994 following the privatization of the Victorian TAB.
 * Take the knock: Fail to honour betting debts. The punter concerned generally goes missing.
 * Taken to the cleaners: An expression used by both bookmakers and punters when they have suffered a huge loss.
 * Taking a set: When a bookmaker increases the odds of a favoured horse, which in their [[opinion can't win the race, in order to receive more bets.
 * Three-quarter-brother (or sister): A term used for horses out of the same dam, but are by a sires that are half-brothers or who are by the same sire.
 * Tomato Sauce Odds: Refers to an odds-on favourite in betting parlance. The phrase derives from the days of fractional odds when bookmakers used a red background on their boards to denote horses running ‘odds on’. These days the phrase is used in general (and somewhat colloquial) horse racing vernacular, for example: “Those who took the tomato sauce odds were never in danger as she led throughout to defeat Splash Of Paint and Amber Cash in 23.38”.
 * Ton: A term used for one hundred dollars.
 * Tongue tie: A strap or piece of stocking used to tie down a horse's tongue to prevent it getting over the bit, which affects a horse's breathing and the jockey’s control of the horse.
 * Tote: TAB.
 * Toppy: The top weight or horse carrying the No. 1 saddlecloth.
 * totalisator: An alternative form of betting to [[bookmakers or a betting exchange. All bets are placed into a pool, and dividends are paid by dividing the final pool by the amount invested on the winner, less a fixed percentage.
 * Town: To race in ‘town’ means to race on [[metropolitan area|metropolitan tracks in a capital city, as distinct from all other tracks which are collectively called ‘The Bush’.
 * Track condition: Used to describe the racing surface (Fast: Very firm surface, Good: Firm surface, Dead: Track with give in the ground, Slow: Rain affected, Heavy: Very rain affected). Now replaced in some states by a 1-to-10 rating system. (see [[Track surface)
 * Transfusion: An injection of [[cash.
 * Travelling: A descriptive term to indicate current financial status. A bookmaker or punter might be "travelling well" or "not travelling all that well at the moment."
 * Treble: An exotic bet consisting of selections in 3 separate races, all of which must win for the wager to be successful.
 * Trots: Harness Racing

U

 * under double wraps: An expression indicating that a horse won very easily without being fully extended.
 * unders: Odds about a horse which are considered to be bad value because they are shorter than its estimated winning probability.
 * undertaker: A bookmaker said to only be interested in laying "dead 'uns".
 * urger: see coat-tugger.

V]]

 * Via the cape: The horse ran wide on the home turn and covered too much ground. The expression is probably an [[analogy of the ocean voyage from the UK to Australia via the [[Cape of Good Hope compared to the more direct route via the [[Suez Canal.
 * Visor blinkers: Blinkers that have a peep hole cut in them and are used to limit a horse's vision during a race and improve concentration.

w

 * warned off: A person warned-off a racecourse is not permitted to enter a racecourse or associate with licensed persons.
 * weigh out: Before each race, a jockey, and his equipment are weighed to ensure that the horse carries its allotted weight.
 * weight for age: Better class of race in which the weight a horse carries is allocated on a set scale according to its age and sex. The [[Cox Plate, which is regarded as Australia’s best race, is a weight-for-age event held by the [[Moonee Valley Racing Club in October each year.
 * weight-for-age handicap: The system used to determine weights for the [[Melbourne Cup in which the weight of the jockey and riding gear is adjusted with ballast to a nominated figure. Older horses are given more weight than younger ones, and weightings are further adjusted according to the horse's previous results.
 * welsher: Person who refuses to honour a bet.
 * welter: A handicap race with a higher minimum weight.
 * winkers: A sheepskin device which attaches to the cheek straps of the bridle to help the horse focus its vision to the front. Winkers allow more side vision than a blinker.
 * wouldn't back it with bad money: An indication that a punter has no confidence in a horses chances such that even if he had counterfeit money he would not back it.
 * write your own ticket: An expression indicating that a horse is at very long odds, with very little chance of winning.
 * yours for theirs: A bet taken at odds of even money.
 * zambuck: Ambulance, as required at all race meetings.


text:
numaralama

Noun

 * 1) numbering
 * 2) pagination

title: numaralama


text: numaralamayı

title: numaralamayı


text: numaralamalar

title: numaralamalar


text: numaralamanın

title: numaralamanın


text:
analgèsic

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) analgesic

Noun

 * 1) analgesic

title: analgèsic


text: analgèsica

title: analgèsica


text: analgèsiques

title: analgèsiques


text: analgèsics

title: analgèsics


text:
numaralamak

Verb

 * 1) to number

title: numaralamak


text: numaraladı

title: numaraladı


text: numaralamadı

title: numaralamadı


text:
常住不断

Noun

 * 1) ceaseless action, going without a break

title: 常住不断


text:
Talk:salmo

Greetings. I'm curious about the etymology of salmon. It says here it's from salmo, psalm. Any idea why this is? My impression was that it might be from a Celtic legend about the salmon of knowledge - http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/scotlandsstories/finnmaccoolandthesalmonofknowledge/salmonofknowledge/index.asp - and perhaps under the influence of this legend, the lax was renamed the Solomon-fish. The four consonants shared between salmon and Solomon are a great coincidence, if a coincidence they are. And why would a fish be named psalm? Thanks. Toanke (talk) 19:09, 26 December 2012 (UTC)
 * There's no etymology of salmon on this page. This is salmo, with no n. The Spanish and Italian both have other words for salmon: Spanish salmón and Italian salmone. Those, and English salmon, are ultimately from Latin salmo, which is inherited from Proto-Indo-European. Spanish and Italian salmo are from Latin, which is, in turn, from Ancient Greek from Ancient Greek ψάλλω:. The Scots would no doubt have originally used Scottish Gaelic , not the Latin salmo.  Chuck Entz (talk) 03:01, 27 December 2012 (UTC)
 * As far as Solomon, that's from the Latin spelling of the Greek spelling of Biblical Hebrew, from . There's absolutely no connection between Solomon and salmon, except how they ended up being spelled similarly in Latin. Lots of coincidences, but none of the things you're connecting are really connected. Chuck Entz (talk) 03:07, 27 December 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:salmo


text: Category:Japanese yojijukugo

title: Category:Japanese yojijukugo


text: malpaíses

title: malpaíses


text:
handshoe

Etymology
From, likely as a calque of 🇨🇬 or 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  A glove or mitten.

title: handshoe


text: handshoes

title: handshoes


text:
無事息災

Noun

 * 1) being safe and healthy

title: 無事息災


text:
शर्त

Etymology
. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) condition, requirement
 * 2) wager, bet
 * 1) wager, bet

title: शर्त


text: Samstags

title: Samstags


text: Samstages

title: Samstages


text: Russischen

title: Russischen


text: Warenkorbs

title: Warenkorbs


text: Warenkorbes

title: Warenkorbes


text: Vietnamesen

title: Vietnamesen


text: Sonnabende

title: Sonnabende


text: Papierfliegers

title: Papierfliegers


text: Impressen

title: Impressen


text: Impressums

title: Impressums


text: Vakua

title: Vakua


text: Vakuen

title: Vakuen


text: Lexikons

title: Lexikons


text: Nachtwächters

title: Nachtwächters


text: Nilpferds

title: Nilpferds


text: Nilpferdes

title: Nilpferdes


text: Flusspferds

title: Flusspferds


text: Flusspferdes

title: Flusspferdes


text: Schneeballs

title: Schneeballs


text: Wermuts

title: Wermuts


text: Fahrrads

title: Fahrrads


text: Fahrrades

title: Fahrrades


text: Witzes

title: Witzes


text: Schmähs

title: Schmähs


text: Gewichts

title: Gewichts


text: Gewichtes

title: Gewichtes


text: Herbsts

title: Herbsts


text: Herbstes

title: Herbstes


text: Frühlings

title: Frühlings


text: Xylophons

title: Xylophons


text: Ysops

title: Ysops


text: Ysopes

title: Ysopes


text: Banne

title: Banne


text: Banns

title: Banns


text: Bannes

title: Bannes


text: Nebels

title: Nebels


text:
Schnees

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  (path through the woods)

title: Schnees


text: Räubers

title: Räubers


text: Pharaos

title: Pharaos


text: Ehebrüche

title: Ehebrüche


text: Ehebruchs

title: Ehebruchs


text: Ehebruches

title: Ehebruches


text: Schmerzes

title: Schmerzes


text: Eigennamens

title: Eigennamens


text: Krümels

title: Krümels


text: Plutos

title: Plutos


text: Schatzes

title: Schatzes


text: Vorhängeschlosses

title: Vorhängeschlosses


text: Lichts

title: Lichts


text: Häuschens

title: Häuschens


text: Schwanenjunge

title: Schwanenjunge


text: Schwanenjungen

title: Schwanenjungen


text: Ordens

title: Ordens


text: Pfunds

title: Pfunds


text: Diasporas

title: Diasporas


text: Eises

title: Eises


text: Hubschraubers

title: Hubschraubers


text: Helikopters

title: Helikopters


text: Meschenaffen

title: Meschenaffen


text: Gebrauchsmusiken

title: Gebrauchsmusiken


text: Verbrauchsmusiken

title: Verbrauchsmusiken


text: Terzen

title: Terzen


text: Sexten

title: Sexten


text: Septimen

title: Septimen


text: Oktaven

title: Oktaven


text: Charakters

title: Charakters


text: Turmes

title: Turmes


text: Emmentalers

title: Emmentalers


text: Spannungsbögen

title: Spannungsbögen


text: Spannungsbogens

title: Spannungsbogens


text: Gefühles

title: Gefühles


text: Außenministers

title: Außenministers


text: Nationalgerichts

title: Nationalgerichts


text: Nationalgerichtes

title: Nationalgerichtes


text: Ferkels

title: Ferkels


text: Satans

title: Satans


text: Grundbegriffes

title: Grundbegriffes


text: Grundbegriffs

title: Grundbegriffs


text: Phasenhubs

title: Phasenhubs


text: Sommers

title: Sommers


text: Mönchs

title: Mönchs


text: Mönches

title: Mönches


text: Belgiers

title: Belgiers


text: Keilers

title: Keilers


text: Wildschweins

title: Wildschweins


text: Wildschweines

title: Wildschweines


text: Frischlings

title: Frischlings


text: Ebers

title: Ebers


text: Windschattens

title: Windschattens


text: Nevadas

title: Nevadas


text: Schießwesens

title: Schießwesens


text: Geschäftsablaufs

title: Geschäftsablaufs


text: Geschäftsgangs

title: Geschäftsgangs


text: Wechselvordrucke

title: Wechselvordrucke


text: Wechselvordrucks

title: Wechselvordrucks


text: Wechselvordruckes

title: Wechselvordruckes


text: Kataloniens

title: Kataloniens


text: Büstenhalters

title: Büstenhalters


text: Wurms

title: Wurms


text: Wurmes

title: Wurmes


text: Blattes

title: Blattes


text: Rinden

title: Rinden


text: Fleischs

title: Fleischs


text: Fleisches

title: Fleisches


text: Märze

title: Märze


text: Märzes

title: Märzes


text: Kummers

title: Kummers


text: Zornes

title: Zornes


text: Zorns

title: Zorns


text: Kernpunkts

title: Kernpunkts


text: Dienstags

title: Dienstags


text: Donnerstags

title: Donnerstags


text: Freitags

title: Freitags


text: Freitages

title: Freitages


text: Bedarfs

title: Bedarfs


text: Verhaltens

title: Verhaltens


text: Horizonts

title: Horizonts


text: Horizontes

title: Horizontes


text: Elchs

title: Elchs


text: Grußes

title: Grußes


text: Armeniers

title: Armeniers


text: Verbrechens

title: Verbrechens


text: Dolchs

title: Dolchs


text: Dolches

title: Dolches


text: Fahrzeugs

title: Fahrzeugs


text: Montags

title: Montags


text: Montages

title: Montages


text: Sekretärs

title: Sekretärs


text: Dilemmas

title: Dilemmas


text: Dilemmata

title: Dilemmata


text:
azerbajdzjansk

Adjective

 * 1) Azerbaijani; of or pertaining to Azerbaijan

title: azerbajdzjansk


text: Abaki

title: Abaki


text: Abakusse

title: Abakusse


text: Ablaute

title: Ablaute


text: Ablauts

title: Ablauts


text: Ablautes

title: Ablautes


text: Aborts

title: Aborts


text: Abortes

title: Abortes


text: Adapters

title: Adapters


text: Adels

title: Adels


text: Affixe

title: Affixe


text: Affixes

title: Affixes


text: Animes

title: Animes


text: Anoraks

title: Anoraks


text: Antichristen

title: Antichristen


text: Antonyms

title: Antonyms


text: Aquariums

title: Aquariums


text: Argumentes

title: Argumentes


text: Armes

title: Armes


text: Aromas

title: Aromas


text: Asses

title: Asses


text: Assemblers

title: Assemblers


text: Asthmas

title: Asthmas


text: Atlasse

title: Atlasse


text: Atlasses

title: Atlasses


text: Atolls

title: Atolls


text: Autobusse

title: Autobusse


text: Autobusses

title: Autobusses


text: Avatars

title: Avatars


text: Axolotls

title: Axolotls


text:
mi lacas

Phrase

 * 1) I'm tired

title: mi lacas


text:
-sura

Suffix

 * 1) -ure, -work, -ing;

Usage notes
The suffix -sūra is added to the supine form of a verb to create a first-declension noun, typically naming the verb's action or an object associated with that action.
 * Examples:
 * , from, supine of

The suffix -sūra (-tūra) resembles the feminine form of (and may be related to) the future active participle ending -tūrus, which describes impending or imminent action (e.g. pictūrus "about to paint"; scrīptūrus "on the point of writing").

title: -sura


text: neataramam

title: neataramam


text: iearamam

title: iearamam


text: neiearamam

title: neiearamam


text: izaramam

title: izaramam


text: neizaramam

title: neizaramam


text: noaramam

title: noaramam


text: nenoaramam

title: nenoaramam


text: paaramam

title: paaramam


text: nepaaramam

title: nepaaramam


text: pāraramam

title: pāraramam


text: nepāraramam

title: nepāraramam


text: piearamam

title: piearamam


text: nepiearamam

title: nepiearamam


text: saaramam

title: saaramam


text: nesaaramam

title: nesaaramam


text: uzaramam

title: uzaramam


text: neuzaramam

title: neuzaramam


text: aramām

title: aramām


text: nearamām

title: nearamām


text:
Wiktionary talk:About Sinitic languages/archive 1

What heading?
Reading this page, I'm left with the impression that instead of ==Chinese==, Wiktionary would prefer to use ==Mandarin== and ==Cantonese==. Is this interpretation correct? In the variety of cleanup scans I do from the monthly XML dumps, I've usually had to exclude Chinese, as we never used to have knowledgable contributors to ask. Lately, we seem to have aquired five or six.

The problem I have, parsing entries, is that on the English Wiktionary, a level two heading is assumed to be the language. Lately, I've seen ===Mandarin=== (third level heading) which to me seems wrong.

I've also seen ==Mandarin== as a heading. Before just a few moments ago (reading this page) I was convinced that heading was not a valid language heading. Is it? Or have I just been utterly confused by the effects of User:NanshuBot's activities from years ago? --Connel MacKenzie T C 17:22, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Whether to use "==Chinese==" or "==Cantonese==" and "==Mandarin==" depends on whether you consider Chinese to a be a single language or a language family. There are serious implications (both linguistic and political) of each stance. Rod (A. Smith) 00:30, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

 * When I first started entering words into Wiktionary, I used level two headings such as ==Mandarin== and ==Min Nan==, but this was met with resistance. I'm not sure why.  ==Chinese== simply is too vague for Wiktionary purposes.  This is why I began to add level three headings.  Linguistically, this is akin to doing something like ==Romance language== followed by ===French===.  At any rate the headings are not much help in terms of stats because they are too inconsistent.  In addition to the above, I have also seen ==Simplified Chinese==, ==Chinese Hanzi==, ==Chinese Pinyin== etc.  I'm not sure how this can be fixed.  Perhaps the wiktionaryz people will come up with a better way.  I think we need some way to tag an entry by its precise language classification.  Perhaps ISO codes in combination with Templates could help out.  For example, we could tag "color" with , and "colour" with  .  For Chinese, you could do the following:

I did take a little liberty with the ISO codes (there is no nan-poj) because even ISO 639 is not sufficiently detailed for our purposes. At any rate, tagging terms in this way would allow us to more precisely keep track of the words in each language. It would also allow the user to filter a search by saying, "give me only results for Cantonese written in Traditional Chinese characters " etc. In order for this to work, you would have to make it a requirement that each and every entry have at least one previously agreed upon tag. Of course, some entries will have multiple tags. A-cai 14:50, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

Need to rework the wording
And, in the R.O.C., Pe̍h-oē-jī is an orthography, that was introduced by Presbyterian missionaries as a romanization system for the Taiwanese language; which is spoken by the "Native" (situation akin to North American Native) People of Taiwan.
 * This sentence needs to be reworked a little:

A-cai 16:13, 7 July 2006 (UTC)
 * 1) And, in the R.O.C., Pe̍h-oē-jī is an orthography
 * This makes it sound as though Pe̍h-oē-jī is the standard method of romanizing Taiwanese within the ROC. This may have been true at one time, but a quick perusal of recent teaching and reference materials published in Taiwan will show that TLPA is now more common.  However, I don't mean to imply that TLPA OR Pe̍h-oē-jī is recognized as a standard.  Unlike, Pinyin in the case of Mandarin, Taiwanese Min Nan still lacks a method of romanization that is a de facto standard.  Since almost all Taiwanese Min Nan speakers are also fluent in Mandarin, it is far more convenient for them to write in Mandarin.  This has probably retarded the development of a standard writing system for Min Nan.
 * 1) which is spoken by the "Native" (situation akin to North American Native) People of Taiwan
 * This is tricky, the Min Nan citizens of Taiwan describe themselves as 本土, which can be translated as "Native." However, when I first read this sentence, I was left with the impression that the Min Nan citizens of Taiwan are the original indigeneous people of Taiwan.  This is not the case.  Taiwan does have aboriginal people, but they are not linguistically or ethnically related to the Min Nan people.

Text removed from page
The following text was removed from the policy page, while some of it is useful, it is heavily POV, treating the Chinese language group as ~ Standard Mandarin and variants. Some may be useful, and added back into the page. Robert Ullmann 06:26, 10 February 2007 (UTC)

Question
How does Wiktionary deal with Chinese languages other than Mandarin that have their own script?

Background
Most people quickly recognize Japanese and Chinese as two separate languages, even though Japanese borrowed heavily when it created its classic writing system kanji, and thus resembles the Traditional Chinese logogram collection. However, Chinese is not a single language. Chinese might be more helpfully thought of as a culture, which is composed of many different societies, which each speak and write a different language. Thus, a whole family of languages are associated with those Asian societies that are known as Chinese. The Chinese speak many languages (such as Mandarin, Cantonese, Shanghainese, Hakanese, etc.), each of which is unique in its own way, holds its own history, and is (by and large) spoken in different geographic regions. Each of these languages possesses different phonological characteristics, but also significant differences in both verbalized and othographic syntax. The Mandarin language is a Tonal language, which employs a quadriad of tonal phonemes during spoken word generation. Mandarin is very different from western languages in this regard. The orthographies of the Chinese consist of bounded collections of logographs, for which spoken words have been associated. The orthographies do NOT consist of phonetic alphabets, which are able to compose unlimited numbers of words (as with Western languages). The "working" logogram collection comprises approximately 2500 logograms.

There exists a common misconception that all Chinese languages use one and only one common script as their orthography. But in fact, the situation is much more complex. In a nutshell, SWC does not consist of one orthography, but two, which exists in Classic and Simplified forms. Each orthography is associated with the Mandarin Language, which is spoken as a primary language in the People's Repuplic of China (Beijing), the Repuplic of China (Taiwan), and Singapore. The orthographies of other Chinese languages, like Shanghainese, Cantonese, Taiwanese, etc. have various logograms in common with those of SWC. The orthographic commonality has been an ongoing situation throughout the history of Chinese languages. Through history, there was Classical Written Chinese (CWC) that was used for mutual communication. By the 1800s, however, it did not represent the "modern" spoken form of any Chinese language. CWC was reformed into a SWC at the turn of the century by a demand to have a written language that more closely represented a spoken Chinese language. Mandarin was the spoken language that SWC was developed to represent, as it was the primary language spoken in and around the Chinese capital (now Beijing). This same situation has been on the minds of speakers of other Chinese languages for hundreds of years. There is Written Cantonese (which has a history of at least a couple hundred years) which uses modern characters present in the classic form of the SWC, archaic characters not in SWC, and recently invented characters. And, in the R.O.C., Pe̍h-oē-jī is an orthography that was introduced by Presbyterian missionaries as a romanization system for the Taiwanese language, which is spoken by the "Native" (situation akin to North American Native) People of Taiwan. Hanyu Pinyin, (or more commonly Pinyin) and Zhuyin Fuhao are systems of romanization (phonemic notation and transcription to Roman script) used by students, for transliteration between the Mandarin and English languages.

Problems
From my understanding right now, it appears that Wiktionary is setup so that each language version has a dictionary in its own language and translates multiple foreign words into its own language. For instance, English Wiktionary defines a word like "cat" in English, lists foreign words with the same meaning like "French: chat", and can link "chat" to a separate entry which defines the French word "chat" in English.

Right now in the list of translations, many entries have simple "Chinese:..." without distinguishing whether it is a Mandarin or Cantonese or some other Chinese language. Even if this was clarified, there is still the interesting problem of what to do when the tranlsation for Mandarin is has the same glyph form as Cantonese (e.g. English:July, Mandarin:七月， Cantonese:七月). The problem already exist with Japanese (July is also 七月 in Japanese) and have been dealt with by have a single entry for 七月 but separate sections for Chinese and Japanese.

Possible Solutions

 * Distinguish the Chinese languages more precisely. On the list of translations, most current entries are labeled "Chinese" when they would be more properly labeled as "Mandarin."  The same should apply to an entries like "七月" where there are multiple languages that use the same written form.
 * In this situation, then written forms in Chinese languages with other scripts would handled elegantly by having their own page (or a shared page if another language used the same written form). For instance, the Cantonese words "而家" (Eng: now) and "BB" (Eng: baby) are not in Mandarin, but they would still be able to have their own page to define this written form.

Benefits
Outside of Mandarin, many of Chinese languages have been sadly under-studied and resources for foreign students are lacking. Take Cantonese for example: although there are a handful of dictionaries (many outdated), but none are truly comprehensive or give sufficient examples of usuage to be really pratical for a student. I would love to see Cantonese translations on English Wiktionary developed to the extent where entries could have example sentences or phrases.

There is another important reason why we should distinguish between the different Chinese languages. There are written forms that are in multiple Chinese languages but do not necessarily have the same meaning (note, this is also a problem between Japanese and Chinese). For instance, in Cantonese 整 can mean "do" but in Mandarin it means "whole". There are plenty more examples of this situation.

end of moved text Robert Ullmann 06:26, 10 February 2007 (UTC)

Chinese translations
Hi everyone, you probably have noticed that I have been doing the chinese translation for a while... Could I possibly have some opinions on which version of the translation you would prefer in wiktionary? Thank you very much!!
 * version one: time
 * version two: civilization
 * version three: anything not one or two

Thanks everyone!! ^^ Chloejr 16:36, 31 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Chloejr, allow me to explain my reasons for preferring version one:
 * In English, the word Chinese usually refers to Mandarin. However, in the west, there are a number of speakers of other Chinese dialects.  For example, Cantonese and Min Nan are also quite common.  I believe it is better to identify the language as either:
 * Mandarin:
 * or
 * Chinese
 * Mandarin:
 * For Pinyin Romanization, most Chinese dictionaries only use spaces to separate full words. For example, 文明 would be wénmíng, because it represents a single word.  However, 东欧 would be rendered as Dōng Ōu, since it actually represents two words: Eastern and Europe.  Notice, that I have capitalized the first letter of each word in Dōng Ōu.  That is because Eastern Europe is a proper noun.  A good Chinese print dictionary such as 现代汉语词典 ISBN 9620701348 can help you to know the "correct" Pinyin spelling.
 * If a word is the same in both simplified and traditional, it is acceptable to write it only once. In the example for 文明, you could write:
 * Chinese
 * Mandarin: 文明 (wénmíng)
 * or
 * Mandarin: 文明 (wénmíng)
 * the reason that the Pinyin is hyperlinked is that Wiktionary also includes entries for Pinyin spellings. For example, shíjiān.

 * That's all I can think of for now. 如果上面有什么不清楚的地方，请随时给我贴讯息（中英都可以）.   -- A-cai 23:48, 31 December 2007 (UTC)

zh-tw, zh-cn, etc.

 * Moved discussion from main Project Page to here
 * Nbarth (email) (talk) 17:03, 8 June 2008 (UTC)

I need a little help identifying the difference between the numerous zh categories, since I can't find the explanations in the categories themselves. I'm worried I'm screwing it up and if I am I'd like to stop as soon as possible. :) Ric | opiaterein 19:37, 22 October 2006 (UTC)

 * cmn, nan and yue are all ISO 639-3 codes. They all belong to the macro language code zh from the original ISO 639.

 * I'm not sure what the intention was for cmn, nan and yue, but since there are no codes for romanizations such as Pinyin, Jyutping, POJ etc, I decided to use them for that. This limits each one to the main phonetic system (e.g. cmn for Chinese Mandarin Pinyin, nan for Min Nan POJ, yue for Cantonese Jyutping etc).  I debated switching all the zh codes to cmn for the sake of consistency, but have not done so as of yet.  More people are familiar with zh than cmn (if they know the codes at all).  So here is the way it breaks down:

 * zh-cn = Chinese (Standard Mandarin) in simplified script, per PRC usage
 * zh-tw = Chinese (Standard Mandarin) in traditional script, per Taiwan usage
 * zh = Chinese (Standard Mandarin) in romanized Pinyin
 * nan-cn = Min Nan (Amoy) in simplified script, per PRC usage
 * nan-tw = Min Nan (Amoy) in traditional script, per Taiwan usage
 * nan = Min Nan (Amoy) in romanized POJ
 * yue-cn = Cantonese in simplified script, per PRC usage
 * yue-hk = Cantonese in traditional script, per Hong Kong usage
 * yue = Cantonese in romanized Jyutping (I don't speak Cantonese, so if this is wrong, please correct)

 * I took it upon myself to work all of this out. In the absense of feedback from a large number of contributors, I tried to work out a system that I felt would make logical sense.  Time will tell whether it is the best system, but atleast it is a system (that a bot could later modify as needed).  I will try to write something in WT:AC about the categories, but I agree that perhaps the best way would be to make a note in the categories themselves.

A-cai 22:34, 22 October 2006 (UTC)

 * P.S. I did create two templates a while ago that could be used more often: and  :

and

 * See Category:zh-cn:Beginning Mandarin for an example of their use. Perhaps these and other similar templates should be placed in the categories for all of the Chinese dialects.

A-cai 22:42, 22 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks :) Just wanted to make sure I was putting things in the right categories. Ric | opiaterein 21:20, 23 October 2006 (UTC)

Character forms and romanization
I’ve added a discussion of character forms and romanizations, which I believe reflects consensus – feel free to change as necessary.

Nbarth (email) (talk) 17:32, 8 June 2008 (UTC)

below? should it not be above?
The project page says: This template,, should be placed below the language header. But is it not above? because else which language are we talking about if it both has meaning in cantonese and mandarin? The similar template ja-forms is placed above in the example 翻译. Problem with putting them above is it will break layout when there are no TOC like in 丹麦 (see this earlier version ). So what is the right thing to do? Kinamand 13:27, 20 June 2008 (UTC)

 * I had been placing the template above the language header until recently. I am now convinced that it is better to put it underneath the language header.  The entry for 現在 should illustrate my line of thinking.  Note the difference between the template in the Japanese section vs. the rest of the languages.  -- A-cai 15:11, 20 June 2008 (UTC)

 * I understand but what about ja-forms? It is not used in 翻訳 which the project page write as an example but it is used in 櫻. But is it used correct in 櫻 or should it be placed under the japanese language header? Kinamand 05:31, 21 June 2008 (UTC)

 * The honest answer is that we've never had enough Asian language experts on hand to reach any kind of consensus. In the absence of such a consensus, I have tried to make my own entries as consistent as possible.  However, I have gradually refined my ideas about how entries should be formatted.  If you were to run across one of my entries from 2006 (which has not yet been updated), you would find that it looks a lot different from an entry that I made a few days ago.  Sometimes, it is only after creating several hundred (or several thousand) entries that I arrive at certain opinions about how to best format certain parts of an entry.  If you would like to see a fair representation of the way I currently am formatting entries, see Special:Contributions/A-cai.  -- A-cai 05:43, 21 June 2008 (UTC)

Chinese Categories
The section which describes chinese categories does not say anything about why for example there are two categories for chineses nouns: Category:zh-cn:Nouns and Category:Mandarin nouns. Should we continue to have both or is the first obsolete? Kinamand 08:17, 17 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Category:Mandarin nouns includes all nouns, regardless of orthography. In contrast, Category:zh-cn:Nouns (should) only contain nouns which are written in Simplified Chinese.  Similarly, Category:zh-tw:Nouns (should) only contain nouns which are written in Traditional Chinese.  Many students of Chinese either learn one or the other, but not both.  The zh-cn/zh-tw categories are intended to help with this by not mixing the two scripts together within the same category.  Hope this explanation helps.  -- A-cai 23:38, 18 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Hi A-cai. Thanks for your answer. are intended to help with this - what do you mean. Just because a student have only learnt traditional chinese you think it would be problem for him or her to use a category which contains both? I dont believe that since they are very similar but I can see that the sort order on Category:zh-tw:Nouns are different from the zh-cn and mandarin category. It that the reason for the extra categories? In that case I will suggest the 3 categories mandarin + zh-cn + zh-tw be changed to "Mandarin sorted by pinyin" and "Mandarin sorted by radical and stroke number" (maybe we can abbreviate the categories names). What do you think? Kinamand 07:15, 19 August 2008 (UTC)

 * I like the stroke category idea, but that would apply to all writing systems that use Han characters, not just Mandarin. (perhaps Category:Han characters by stroke?)--TBC  07:27, 19 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Or more like Mandarin nouns by stroke, Mandarin nouns by pinyin,  Cantonese nouns by stroke, etc. Kinamand 12:37, 19 August 2008 (UTC)

 * For a more complete description of my orginal thinking on the subject, please refer back a couple of posts to Wiktionary_talk:About_Chinese. Please keep in mind that the zh-cn/zh-tw scheme now applies to dozens of categories.  I would not recommend changing anything unless there is broad consensus within the Wiktionary community.  If you feel strongly about the issue.  It may be worth it to raise the issue on WT:BP.  -- A-cai 00:13, 21 August 2008 (UTC)

I have raised the issue on Beer Palour and there Robert Ullmann writes that it is easy to change because we only have to edit the POS templates and he think that we here on About Chinese should decide about structure and names. I think we should have the names Mandarin nouns by radical, Mandarin nouns by pinyin, Cantonese nouns by radical etc. What do you think? Kinamand 11:43, 27 August 2008 (UTC)

I have just found another strange thing about the structure of the categories. Look at Category:zh:Verbs. You write no suffix for the standard romanization (Pinyin, POJ, Jyutping) but actually it does not contain pinyin entries instead it has Category:Mandarin verbs as subcategory. It is in my opinion a mess. It can be fixed in the template but it is an good example of how confusing it is right now with two set of categories. Kinamand 08:24, 1 September 2008 (UTC)

cmn-hanzi and hanzi section under mandarin section
The project page dont tell anything about the cmn-hanzi template. I looks like there are supposed to be a hanzi section under the mandarin section. But should the hanzi section be the first or last section under the mandarin section? looks like it is supposed to be the last subsection but it is confusing since now when there are no definition (defn template) the hanzi is first and defn under so if I replace the defn with at definition the hanzi section will be first. See 東. Kinamand 12:34, 24 October 2008 (UTC)

 * See the entry for 字. We used that entry as a sort of template for how all single character entries should eventually be formatted.  See 八 as well.  -- A-cai 12:59, 24 October 2008 (UTC)
 * But 字 dont have a hanzi section in the mandarin section and 八 have it between the Pronunciation and Noun section. Why does 字 not hav a hanzi subsection in the mandarin section? Kinamand 13:36, 24 October 2008 (UTC)
 * There was some confusion early on about whether the hanzi section should be retained, once the Mandarin definitions were added. One of our administrators made an argument that the hanzi template is still needed, even after the rest is added.  The hanzi template should be above the other inflection lines, as you see in the entry for 八.  I have modified 字 so that it now conforms to the latest thinking with respect to single character entries.  -- A-cai 14:32, 24 October 2008 (UTC)
 * When I look at 八 I can see that the Compounds subsection is under the noun section. I think that in most other entries is compounds a subsection to the hanzi section. What is the right way to do it? Kinamand 12:46, 27 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Compounds should only be under the Hanzi section, terms derived from the noun should be Derived terms as anywhere else in the wikt. This is one of the reasons to have the Hanzi section; there will be compounds that use the character that are not derived from the noun or other PsOS shown. Another reason is to show the pinyin for the readings that are not the PsOS given. Robert Ullmann 14:14, 27 October 2008 (UTC)
 * I have now moved the compounds section in 八 to under the hanzi section. Please take a look and tell me if it is right or wrong. Then in the future I will use 八 as "template" when I update other mandarin entries. Kinamand 20:56, 27 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Robert, thanks for the explanation of the difference between compounds and derived terms. I don't remember seeing that before, but it makes sense.

 * Kinamand, I think what Robert is saying is that the compounds section are for compound words which include a single character, even if the compound word doesn't have any thematic relation to the single character. For example, 八卦 (see Bagua) might go under a derived terms section, but one might argue that 三八 (a pejorative term for women: see explanation in Mandarin Chinese profanity) could go under a compounds section.  Actually, you could go either way with 三八.  This stuff is not clear cut.  In my experience, analyzing languages is part art and part science.  -- A-cai 19:05, 28 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Ah! I understand. Thanks for the explanation. Yes it really is some kind of art to make right here :-) Kinamand 09:53, 30 October 2008 (UTC)

categorizing characters by component radicals
I don't know if this is the proper discussion page for this, as this is more generally a CJK character issue rather than specifically about the Sinitic languages. Would it not be a good idea to categorize each character entry according to the different radicals that comprise it? This way, entries for characters can be cross-referenced by radical using Wiktionary's own category mechanism. - Gilgamesh 03:36, 6 December 2008 (UTC)

Chinese vs. Mandarin
Please see this straw poll and the discussion that led to it. DAVilla 05:37, 10 May 2009 (UTC)
 * The links just leads to the Wiktionary:Beer parlour main page. Please give us the correct links and tell us why you want us to look at it. Kinamand 09:01, 26 August 2009 (UTC)

Why is it so difficult to find this page?
I can not find any way to go to this page from the main page. The only things that links to this page is some private discussions. It would be very helpful if people can find this page since it contains essential information about how to make entries in Chinese which is rather complex. Can someone add it to some main page? Kinamand 09:11, 26 August 2009 (UTC)
 * You can find the list of language policy pages by click on the "WT:AXX" link on the top of the main policy pages such as WT:ELE and WT:CFI. Alternatively, if you remember that "zh" is the language code for Chinese then you just go to the shortcut "WT:AZH". --Bequw → ¢ • τ 03:26, 18 December 2009 (UTC)

Template:zh-tone
Please see this link. Mglovesfun (talk) 11:14, 6 December 2009 (UTC)

Also, see Beer Parlour. About what to do with toneless pinyin. —Internoob (Disc.•Cont.) 02:31, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

Context (sic) templates
I'd like to know what these are, and what they do. We're having a review of context labels, and AFAICT these aren't to do with context. I'm not suggesting that they should be deleted, but it needs to be more obvious what purpose they serve. Thanks, Mglovesfun (talk) 11:34, 14 December 2009 (UTC)

 * See RFDO --Bequw → τ 14:46, 1 February 2010 (UTC)
 * See RFDO --Bequw → τ 14:46, 1 February 2010 (UTC)

Category names
The WT:BP discussion lead to Votes/2009-12/Chinese categories which just started. Please contribute. --Bequw → ¢ • τ 03:28, 18 December 2009 (UTC)


text: aizaramām

title: aizaramām


text: neaizaramām

title: neaizaramām


text: aparamām

title: aparamām


text: neaparamām

title: neaparamām


text: ataramām

title: ataramām


text: neataramām

title: neataramām


text: iearamām

title: iearamām


text: neiearamām

title: neiearamām


text: izaramām

title: izaramām


text: neizaramām

title: neizaramām


text: noaramām

title: noaramām


text:
claustellum

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) keyhole

title: claustellum


text: nenoaramām

title: nenoaramām


text: paaramām

title: paaramām


text: nepaaramām

title: nepaaramām


text: pāraramām

title: pāraramām


text: nepāraramām

title: nepāraramām


text: piearamām

title: piearamām


text: nepiearamām

title: nepiearamām


text: saaramām

title: saaramām


text: nesaaramām

title: nesaaramām


text: uzaramām

title: uzaramām


text: neuzaramām

title: neuzaramām


text: aramiem

title: aramiem


text: nearamiem

title: nearamiem


text: aizaramiem

title: aizaramiem


text: neaizaramiem

title: neaizaramiem


text:
ஆழிப்பேரலை

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) tsunami

title: ஆழிப்பேரலை


text: aparamiem

title: aparamiem


text: neaparamiem

title: neaparamiem


text:
clostellum

Noun

 * 1) keyhole

title: clostellum


text: ataramiem

title: ataramiem


text: neataramiem

title: neataramiem


text: iearamiem

title: iearamiem


text: neiearamiem

title: neiearamiem


text: izaramiem

title: izaramiem


text:
சுனாமி

Etymology
, ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1) tsunami

title: சுனாமி


text: neizaramiem

title: neizaramiem


text:
valtari

Noun

 * 1) road roller, roller, steamroller

title: valtari


text: noaramiem

title: noaramiem


text: nenoaramiem

title: nenoaramiem


text: paaramiem

title: paaramiem


text: nepaaramiem

title: nepaaramiem


text: pāraramiem

title: pāraramiem


text: nepāraramiem

title: nepāraramiem


text: piearamiem

title: piearamiem


text: nepiearamiem

title: nepiearamiem


text: saaramiem

title: saaramiem


text: nesaaramiem

title: nesaaramiem


text: uzaramiem

title: uzaramiem


text: neuzaramiem

title: neuzaramiem


text:
aramas

Noun

 * 1) person
 * 2) human

title: aramas


text: nearamas

title: nearamas


text: aizaramas

title: aizaramas


text: neaizaramas

title: neaizaramas


text: aparamas

title: aparamas


text: neaparamas

title: neaparamas


text: ataramas

title: ataramas


text: neataramas

title: neataramas


text: iearamas

title: iearamas


text: neiearamas

title: neiearamas


text: izaramas

title: izaramas


text: neizaramas

title: neizaramas


text: noaramas

title: noaramas


text: nenoaramas

title: nenoaramas


text: paaramas

title: paaramas


text: nepaaramas

title: nepaaramas


text: pāraramas

title: pāraramas


text: piearamas

title: piearamas


text: nepiearamas

title: nepiearamas


text: saaramas

title: saaramas


text: nesaaramas

title: nesaaramas


text: uzaramas

title: uzaramas


text: neuzaramas

title: neuzaramas


text:
fragilitat

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) fragility

title: fragilitat


text:
aramās

Participle

title: aramās


text:
nearamās

Participle

title: nearamās


text:
aizaramās

Participle

title: aizaramās


text:
neaizaramās

Participle

title: neaizaramās


text:
aparamās

Participle

title: aparamās


text:
francòfon

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Francophone

Noun

 * 1) Francophone

title: francòfon


text:
neaparamās

Participle

title: neaparamās


text:
claustrarius

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) locksmith; person who makes locks for doors

title: claustrarius


text:
בעל דין

Noun

 * 1) litigant, party (civil court case)

title: בעל דין


text:
ataramās

Participle

title: ataramās


text:
neataramās

Participle

title: neataramās


text:
iearamās

Participle

title: iearamās


text: Billete

title: Billete


text: Blitzkrieges

title: Blitzkrieges


text: Blitzkriegs

title: Blitzkriegs


text:
neiearamās

Participle

title: neiearamās


text: Bocks

title: Bocks


text: Boilers

title: Boilers


text: Borde

title: Borde


text: Bords

title: Bords


text:
Bordes

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Bordes is the 35345th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 637 individuals. Bordes is most common among White (55.1%) and Black/African American (34.69%) individuals.

title: Bordes


text:
izaramās

Participle

title: izaramās


text: Bouillons

title: Bouillons


text: Bouquets

title: Bouquets


text:
neizaramās

Participle

title: neizaramās


text: Boxers

title: Boxers


text:
noaramās

Participle

title: noaramās


text:
atles

Noun

 * 1) atlas

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) atlas collection of maps
 * 2) atlas vertebra

title: atles


text:
nenoaramās

Participle

title: nenoaramās


text:
paaramās

Participle

title: paaramās


text:
Atles

Etymology
, from.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Atlas
 * 2)  Atlas moon of Saturn

title: Atles


text:
nepaaramās

Participle

title: nepaaramās


text:
pāraramās

Participle

title: pāraramās


text:
piearamās

Participle

title: piearamās


text:
nepiearamās

Participle

title: nepiearamās


text:
saaramās

Participle

title: saaramās


text:
nesaaramās

Participle

title: nesaaramās


text:
uzaramās

Participle

title: uzaramās


text:
neuzaramās

Participle

title: neuzaramās


text:
Rhymes:German/ɛstɐ

Two syllables

 * bester
 * fester
 * läster
 * Nester
 * Schwester
 * Tester
 * Trester

Four syllables

 * Krankenschwester

Six syllables
de:Reim:Deutsch:-ɛstɐ

title: Rhymes:German/ɛstɐ


text:
nearamos

Participle

title: nearamos


text:
aizaramos

Participle

title: aizaramos


text:
neaizaramos

Participle

title: neaizaramos


text: aparamos

title: aparamos


text:
neaparamos

Participle

title: neaparamos


text:
ataramos

Participle

title: ataramos


text:
neataramos

Participle

title: neataramos


text:
iearamos

Participle

title: iearamos


text:
neiearamos

Participle

title: neiearamos


text:
izaramos

Participle

title: izaramos


text:
neizaramos

Participle

title: neizaramos


text:
noaramos

Participle

title: noaramos


text:
nenoaramos

Participle

title: nenoaramos


text:
paaramos

Participle

title: paaramos


text:
nepaaramos

Participle

title: nepaaramos


text:
pāraramos

Participle

title: pāraramos


text:
nepāraramos

Participle

title: nepāraramos


text:
piearamos

Participle

title: piearamos


text:
saaramos

Participle

title: saaramos


text:
nesaaramos

Participle

title: nesaaramos


text:
uzaramos

Participle

title: uzaramos


text:
neuzaramos

Participle

title: neuzaramos


text:
arami

Noun

 * 1) Aramean

title: arami


text:
unlegalistic

Adjective

 * 1) Not legalistic.

title: unlegalistic


text: Mullins

title: Mullins


text: nearami

title: nearami


text: aizarami

title: aizarami


text:
Bowen

Etymology 1
From.

Translations

 * Arabic: بوين
 * Egyptian Arabic: بوين
 * Dutch: Bowen
 * French:
 * German:
 * Persian:
 * Polish: Bowen
 * Romanian: Bowen
 * Swedish: Bowen

Etymology 2
.

Proper noun

 * 1)  A Chinese character-derived script formerly used to write the Bai languages.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 僰文,, 方塊白文, 古白文

title: Bowen


text: aparami

title: aparami


text: neaparami

title: neaparami


text: atarami

title: atarami


text:
untouristic

Adjective

 * 1) Not touristic.

title: untouristic


text:
Hines

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Hines is the 462nd most common surname in the United States, belonging to 71,717 individuals. Hines is most common among White (57.72%) and Black (36.73%) individuals.

title: Hines


text:
untoured

Adjective

 * 1) Not toured.

title: untoured


text: neatarami

title: neatarami


text: Hubbard

title: Hubbard


text: iearami

title: iearami


text: neiearami

title: neiearami


text: izarami

title: izarami


text: neizarami

title: neizarami


text:
Henley

Etymology
From, weak dative case of , +. Compare, which shares the same etymology.

Proper noun

 * 1) A place name, including:
 * 2) ; see.
 * 3) ; see.
 * , on the.
 * , derived from the surname.
 * , derived from the surname.
 * , on the.
 * , derived from the surname.
 * , derived from the surname.
 * , derived from the surname.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Henley is the 1717th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 20934 individuals. Henley is most common among White (70.0%) and Black/African American (24.2%) individuals.

title: Henley


text: noarami

title: noarami


text: nenoarami

title: nenoarami


text: paarami

title: paarami


text:
Farr

Etymology
English surname, from. As a surname, of the same meaning and source.

title: Farr


text: pārarami

title: pārarami


text:
Farrow

Etymology
Hypercorrected form of, where the original ending -ar was regarded as an error and consequently changed to -ow.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Farrow is the 3353rd most common surname in the United States, belonging to 10672 individuals. Farrow is most common among White (65.94%) and Black/African American (27.46%) individuals.

title: Farrow


text: nepārarami

title: nepārarami


text:
nepiearamos

Participle

title: nepiearamos


text:
gatari

Noun

 * 1) ax(e)

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) hole punch

title: gatari


text:
Reeves

Etymology

 * A patronymic form of the occupational name Reeve.

Proper noun

 * 1) A place name:
 * 1) A place name:

title: Reeves


text:
Reeve

Proper noun

 * 1)  for a bailiff.

title: Reeve


text: Flowers

title: Flowers


text:
fjarri

Etymology
From, from , from.

Adverb

 * 1) far away, far off

title: fjarri


text: nepāraramas

title: nepāraramas


text:
User talk:Fishernrf

test
Your recent edit has been undone. Please use the sandbox for any further tests you wish to make. To learn more about editing Wiktionary please read Help:How to edit a page or nose around in the community portal. Thank you. --EncycloPetey (talk) 23:44, 26 December 2012 (UTC)

The entry you created seems to have been a protologism and has been deleted. If you are sure that it is a real word, please provide evidence of this word being used in durably archived media (mainly printed books, and usenet groups) as required by our inclusion criteria. For a term to be included, it must be used by at least three different authors over more than a year, and the authors must be actually using the word, not just explaining its meaning or stating that it exists. If you can find any such quotations, please add them to the citations page. --EncycloPetey (talk) 23:49, 26 December 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:Fishernrf


text:
nepāraramās

Participle

title: nepāraramās


text:
sosiaalitoimi

Noun

 * 1) social security; usually as a branch of municipal government

title: sosiaalitoimi


text: nepaarami

title: nepaarami


text: piearami

title: piearami


text: nepiearami

title: nepiearami


text: saarami

title: saarami


text: nesaarami

title: nesaarami


text: uzarami

title: uzarami


text: neuzarami

title: neuzarami


text:
aramais

Participle

 * 1) the plowable, the one to be plowed;

title: aramais


text: Cline

title: Cline


text:
nearamais

Participle

 * 1) the not plowable, the one not to be plowed;

title: nearamais


text:
Robles

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Etymology
.

Etymology
See.

Etymology
.

title: Robles


text:
aizaramais

Participle

 * 1) the one to be plowed full, over;

title: aizaramais


text: Pruitt

title: Pruitt


text:
Pruett

Etymology
surname, from (see ).

title: Pruett


text: neaizarami

title: neaizarami


text:
Orr

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Orr is the 774th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 44,388 individuals. Orr is most common among White (79.42%) and Black (15.00%) individuals.

title: Orr


text:
file photo

Noun

 * 1)  A photograph that is representative of the subject of a news story, but that has been selected from a news organization's existing photo library.

title: file photo


text:
cihtontli

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) ; a young hare, a leveret.

Synonyms

 * cihtepitōn

Related terms

 * cihyōtl

title: cihtontli


text:
Octavio

Etymology
.

title: Octavio


text: Oates

title: Oates


text:
neaizaramais

Participle

 * 1) the one not to be plowed full, over;

title: neaizaramais


text:
Judge

Proper noun

 * 1) * 1763,, “And am I Born to Die?” (Hymn 59) in Hymns for Children, and Others of Riper Years:
 * Wak’d by the trumpet’s sound, I from my grave must rise, And see the Judge with glory crown’d, And see the flaming skies.
 * , named after Edward Judge.
 * , named for a local judge who owned the town site.
 * , named after Edward Judge.
 * , named for a local judge who owned the town site.

title: Judge


text:
Hooker

Proper noun

 * 1)  for a maker of hooks.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Hooker is the 2,185th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 16,646 individuals. Hooker is most common among White (70.27%) and Black (23.64%) individuals.

title: Hooker


text:
Little

Proper noun

 * , named after the local Little family.
 * , named after the local Little family.

title: Little


text:
cihtepiton

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) ; a young hare, a leveret.

Synonyms

 * cihtōntli

Related terms

 * cihyōtl

title: cihtepiton


text:
Sparrow

Etymology
From.

title: Sparrow


text:
aparamais

Participle

 * 1) the one to be tilled;

title: aparamais


text:
neaparamais

Participle

 * 1) the one not to be tilled;

title: neaparamais


text:
ataramais

Participle

 * 1) the one to be plowed open, away;

title: ataramais


text:
cihyotl

Etymology 1
From, literally (“hareness”).

Noun

 * 1) That pertaining to a hare, something harelike.

Related terms

 * cihtepitōn
 * cihtōntli

Etymology 2
From, literally (“grandmotherness”).

Noun

 * 1) That pertaining to a grandmother, something grandmotherly.

title: cihyotl