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Module:ru-verb/documentation

This documentation is for Module:ru-verb and for all the templates that use this module.

Introduction
Russian verbs are complex. This module is designed to allow all the complexities to be specified as easily as possible, following the scheme of. In general, the basic parameters to control the form of a verb are numbered parameters; named parameters control ancillary aspects such as overriding individual forms or adding footnotes. Examples: This specifies the conjugation of the verb, which is a perfective verb (code ), of verb class 1a (code  ), with a past passive participle (code  ). The meanings of the various verb classes are documented below under. This specifies the conjugation of the verb, which is an imperfective impersonal verb (code ), of verb class 5b (code  ), whose past tense is conjugated according to accent pattern c'' (code  ). The meanings of the various past-tense accent patterns are documented below under. This specifies the conjugation of the verb, which is an imperfective intransitive verb (code ), of verb class 6°a (code  ). The present adverbial participle is irregular and needs to be specified explicitly (named parameter pradp). The various named parameters for overriding individual forms are documented below under.

Numbered parameters
All templates that use this module require the first, second and third parameters to be specified, and sometimes further parameters are required or optional.

The first parameter indicates the type of verb:
 * - imperfective, transitive (or reflexive if the infinitive is reflexive)
 * - perfective, transitive (or reflexive if the infinitive is reflexive)
 * - imperfective, intransitive (not allowed for reflexive verbs)
 * - perfective, intransitive (not allowed for reflexive verbs)
 * - imperfective, transitive (or reflexive if the infinitive is reflexive), impersonal
 * - perfective, transitive (or reflexive if the infinitive is reflexive), impersonal
 * - imperfective, intransitive (not allowed for reflexive verbs), impersonal
 * - perfective, intransitive (not allowed for reflexive verbs), impersonal

The second parameter is the verb class, e.g.  for verb class 1a. It can also support variant codes (see below), e.g.  for class 7b with past-tense stress pattern b, or   for class 4c with variant code   (which indicates a different stress pattern in the present active participle). Note that for classes with a ° sign in them, a  (lowercase O) can be used instead, e.g. for class 3°a the verb class code   can also be used in addition to  ; the latter is preferred.

The third parameter is the stressed infinitive, i.e. the full infinitive (including reflexive -ся or -сь if appropriate), with an acute accent placed on the stressed syllable. If the full infinitive is monosyllabic (e.g., , , etc.), the accent is optional. Note that if the infinitive is a suffix (e.g., , stressed , unstressed , etc.), the accent should be included or omitted as appropriate.

The fourth parameter is the present-tense stem, minus any endings such as -у/-ю, -ешь/-ишь, etc. It should be stressed if the stem is stressed in any present-tense forms (accent patterns a and c), otherwise unstressed. Generally, this should be included only if it's not predictable from the infinitive. For some verb classes, it's required, for others it's optional, for yet others it's not allowed. See the descriptions of individual verb classes for more information.

A few classes have an optional fifth parameter, which specifies the form of the past tense. The exact semantics are documented in the descriptions of individual verb classes.

In all cases, a blank parameter is equivalent to a missing parameter.

Named parameters
There are many named parameters used to override particular forms, supply alternative forms or control other aspects of the conjugation:
 * Parameters to override particular forms. These are documented below in . As above, a blank parameter is equivalent to a missing parameter. If you need to specifically specify that a form doesn't exist, when it would normally be created, set its value to.
 * The most commonly seen named parameter is the override parameter past_pasv_part or its alias ppp, which specifies the past passive participle form. Note that all verbs that have this participle need to explicitly specify it in one form or another, because it's unpredictable whether a given verb has such a participle; but it is now preferred to use variant codes, usually just, in place of explicitly specifying its value using an override.
 * Parameters for footnote symbols; see below.
 * Parameters to suppress parts of the conjugation and specify iterative verbs; see below.
 * ся́: Used for reflexive verbs that have a past masculine singular in stressed -ся́. Normally, unstressed -ся or -сь is automatically added to all active forms for reflexive verbs. If ся́ is given, then stressed -ся́ will instead be added to any past masculine singular form that lacks an accent.
 * asif_prefix: If specified, pretend as if this prefix is prepended to the verb when generating the verb forms. This is used when conjugating suffixes. For example, one of the variants of the suffix occurs particularly after the hushing consonants ш щ ч ж; to get the right verb forms for this suffix one needs to use a hushing consonant as an as-if-prefix, like this:
 * y, y: If specified, indicate that an intransitive verb has (respectively) a past passive participle or present passive participle.
 * y, y: If specified, indicate that an intransitive verb has (respectively) a past passive participle or present passive participle.

Past stress, imperative ending and other variant codes
Many verb classes take a variant-code parameter, which may control the stress in the past tense, the ending of the imperative and/or other things. The variant codes are specified as part of parameter 2, directly following the verb class. Past-stress variant codes need to have a slash before them, e.g.  for verb class   and past-stress variant. Other variant codes are attached directly without any separators, e.g.  for, which specifies verb class   with two variant codes:   (indicating that the first-person singular and past passive participle have щ rather than ч at the end of the stem) and   (indicating that the verb has a past passive participle). There is no order required for such variant codes;  is equally allowed. An example with three variant codes is  for, which specifies verb class   with past-stress variant   and additional variant codes   (indicating that the verb has a past passive participle) and   (indicating the the past passive participle's stem ends in жд rather than ж). As previously, the order of the variant codes is immaterial; for example,  would work equally as well.

Note that the  variant code indicating a longer prefix in the present/future tense (e.g. future 1sg.  from ) is handled specially. It is normally placed in the middle of the verb class (e.g.  or  ), and will only be recognized in this position or directly following the verb class (e.g.  ). The reason for this is that   is a valid past stress variant code, and the two uses of   would otherwise conflict.

The allowable codes differ from class to class and are specified in the documentation for the particular class, but are a subset of the following codes. When multiple codes need to be specified, just append them all together without spaces or other separators. Note that the particular form of the codes is chosen to be compatible with A. A. Zaliznyak's dictionaries.

Past stress variants
For the classes that allow the stress in the past tense to be specified, the following codes are allowed (using a prefixed derivative of as an example):
 * : -да́л, -да́ла, -да́ло, -да́ли
 * : -да́л, -дала́, -дало́, -дали́
 * (reflexive verbs): -дался́, -дала́сь, -дало́сь, -дали́сь
 * : -да́л, -дала́, -да́ло, -да́ли
 * : -́дал, -дала́, -́дало, -́дали (i.e. with stress on the prefix in most cases)
 * : -да́л, -да́ла, -да́ло/-дало́, -да́ли
 * (reflexive verbs): -да́лся/-дался́, -дала́сь, -дало́сь/-да́лось, -дали́сь/-да́лись (with a footnote indicating that -дался́ is dated)
 * (reflexive verbs): Same as  but the footnote says "is becoming dated" instead of "is dated"
 * (reflexive verbs): Same as  but without the "is dated" footnote
 * (reflexive verbs): -дался́/-́дался, -дала́сь, -дало́сь/-́далось, -дали́сь/-́дались (i.e. with stress on the prefix in some cases)

The past stress variant should be separated from the verb class by a slash, e.g..

A comma-separated list of codes is also possible, e.g.
 * : -́дал/-да́л, -дала́, -́дало/-да́ло, -́дали/-да́ли (i.e. with stress on the prefix in some cases)
 * : -да́л/-́дал, -дала́, -да́ло/-́дало, -да́ли/-́дали (i.e. with stress on the prefix in some cases)
 * (etc.)

When multiple codes are specified, duplicate forms will not appear.

The default for the past stress is.

Note that some of the above patterns call for stress on the prefix. Normally the last syllable is stressed (e.g. припо́д-), but пере- is stressed as пе́ре-, and рас and раз are converted into ро́с- and ро́з-.

Imperative ending
The following codes are allowed in classes that allow the imperative ending to be specified.
 * : Ending is -и in both singular and plural.
 * : If the stem ends in a consonant, ending is -ь in both singular and plural; else, -й in both singular and plural.
 * : Same as.
 * : Same as, but only allowed for verbs in вы́-.
 * : Ending is both -и and -ь/й in singular and plural.
 * : Ending is -и in singular but -ь/й in plural.
 * : Ending is both -и and -ь/й in singular, but -ь/й only in plural.

For verbs that use imperative-ending codes, the default ending is as follows:
 * If the stem ends in a vowel: -и́ for classes 4b and 4c, -и for class 4a if the stem begins in вы́-, else й
 * If the stem ends in a consonant: -и́ for classes b and c in general, else -и if the stem begins in вы́- or ends in two consonants or -щ (e.g. ), else -ь (e.g. )

Past passive participle
The following codes are used both for specifying that a verb has a past passive participle (PPP), and specifying how it is to be formed. Note that each particular verb class allows only some of these codes to be specified; the codes that are allowed are specified in the class's documentation. If none of,  ,  ,   and   is given, no PPP will exist. If none of these codes is given, the remaining codes  and   cannot be given, and no codes can be given for intransitive and reflexive verbs, which do not have PPP's.

 * : Allowed for all classes. Specifies that a PPP is to be formed the "normal" way (which depends on the particular class).
 * : For certain classes: Specify that a PPP is to be formed with stress on the ending (-а́нный, -я́нный, -ённый, -у́тый, etc.) instead of on the preceding syllable, where it normally would be.
 * : For certain classes: Specify that a PPP can be formed in two ways: the normal way with stress on the syllable preceding the ending, and also with stress on the ending, as in.
 * : For class 4b: Specify that a PPP is to be formed with stress on the syllable preceding the ending (-́енный) instead of on the ending (-ённый), where it normally would be.
 * : For class 4b: Specify that a PPP can be formed in two ways: the normal way with stress on ending (-ённый), and also with stress on the syllable preceding the ending (-́енный), as in.
 * : For the classes that allow code : Specify that an -е- changes into -ё- when the stress moves onto it. This is useful when the stem normally has ending stress but the PPP rules call for the stress to be on the preceding syllable; e.g. 1a, PPP ; 3b , PPP ; 5b , PPP . Not required or allowed in class 2 verbs in -ева́ть, which will automatically have -ёванный unless code   is used (note that verbs in -цева́ть will have -цо́ванный in the same circumstances).
 * : For class 4: Specify that a stem with final -д changes into -жд instead of iotating normally to -ж, e.g. 4b, PPP.

Other variants

 * : For class 4c and 5c: Present active participle ends in -́ящий (-́ащий for verbs ending in one of the hushing consonants ж ч ш щ), with stress on the final syllable of the stem, instead of the expected -я́щий/-а́щий with stress on the ending.
 * : For class 4c and 5c: Present active participle ends in both -́ящий/-́ащий and -я́щий/-а́щий.
 * : For class 3°a: Only long masc sg. past (with -ну-).
 * : For class 3°a: Both short and long masc. sg. past (with and without -ну-).
 * no  or  : For class 3°a: Only short masc sg. past (without -ну-).
 * : For class 3°a: Only long past active/adverbial participles (with -ну-).
 * : For class 3°a: Both short and long past active/adverbial participles (with and without -ну-).
 * no  or  : For class 3°a: Only short past active/adverbial participles (without -ну-).
 * : For class 3°a: Equivalent to.
 * : For class 7b: Past adverbial participle ends in -я́ (normally the present adverbial participle ending); the expected endings -(в)(ши) are dated.
 * : For class 4 and 6 whose stem ends in -т: Iotated version ends in -щ instead of -ч. Examples: class 4a, 1sg ; class 4b , 1sg ; class 4c , 1sg ; class 6c , 1sg.
 * : For class 9b and 11b: Present tense has an extra -о- at the end of the prefix. Examples: class 9b, 1sg ; class 11b , 1sg . The variation between рас-/разо-, ис-/изо-, and вс-/взо- is automatically handled. Note that the   variant code should normally be placed in the middle of the verb class (e.g.   or  ), and will only be recognized in this position or directly following the verb class (e.g.  ), to avoid a conflict with past stress variant.

Overrides and alternative forms
All forms can be overridden using override parameters. Each form except the infinitive has three alternatives that can be overridden, to specify up to four possibilities for each form. For example, the feminine singular past can be overridden using past_f, and the three alternatives can be overridden using past_f2, past_f3 and past_f4. Overriding the alternative forms is useful, for example, to add an alternative to the existing form or forms that are generated by the module. There is no problem if e.g. past_f3 has a value but past_f2 does not.

The following is the full list of forms:

Furthermore:
 * Intransitive verbs do not have passive participles.
 * Impersonal verbs have only the following forms:
 * Third-person singular present and future indicative
 * Neuter singular past indicative
 * Present and past passive participles
 * Infinitive

Participle aliases
The override parameters for participles are rather long, and shorter aliases are provided to make it easier to enter them:

The alternative parameters have similar short aliases, e.g. ppp2 is the same as past_pasv_part2.

Similar aliases are provided for the footnote parameters ending in  and  :
 * ppptail is the same as past_pasv_part_tail.
 * ppptailall is the same as past_pasv_part_tailall.
 * praptail is the same as pres_actv_part_tail.
 * praptailall is the same as pres_actv_part_tailall.
 * etc.

Specifying multiple conjugations
Some verbs can be conjugated according to more than one conjugation. This happens especially with verbs that can be either type 4b or 4c. It is possible to express this by following the numbered parameters for a conjugation with the word, followed by another conjugation (i.e. all numbered parameters except the first one corresponding to the verb type). Examples:

Suppressing parts of the conjugation and specifying iterative verbs
Some verbs are defective, i.e. they lack parts of the conjugation. You can specify that a particular form doesn't exist by setting its value to, e.g. - in a number of verbs. However, when an entire tense is missing, it can be more convenient to use one of the following parameters:
 * 1: No present tense.
 * 1: No future tense (e.g. ).
 * 1: No past tense (e.g. ).
 * 1: No imperative (e.g., ).

A special class of defective verbs are iterative verbs (also called frequentative), used to express the concept of doing an action repeatedly. These verbs are always imperfective and are found only in the infinitive and the past (i.e. they are missing the present, future and imperative). This can be specified using  (e.g., , ). In addition to disabling the missing forms, it places the verb into Category:Russian iterative verbs.

Manual transliteration
Currently, explicit manual transliteration can be specified in all subclasses of classes 1, 2, 3 and 4. Separate the Cyrillic and transliteration with a.

Example:

Note that manual transliteration is supported for all aspects of the classes that support it, including, among other things, manual overrides and automatic past passive participle generation, as shown by the examples.

Pre-reform conjugations
Pre-reform conjugations are specified using the template instead of, or by using y.

Footnote symbols
A system is in place for inserting usage notes into conjugation tables, in the form of footnotes. Footnote symbols attached to the end of a manual override are recognized automatically; they are automatically superscripted and do not interfere with linking. Examples of such symbols are,  ,   and various other ASCII symbols; numbers;  , which is automatically converted to a space; and most Unicode symbols ( ,  ,  ,  ,  , etc.). You can also attach these symbols using parameters such as pltail. The usage note itself is inserted using notes.

 * notes, notes2, notes3, ...
 * Usage note(s) to insert into the table. Footnote symbols at the beginning of the note are automatically superscripted.

 * pasttail
 * Specify text to append directly to the end of past-tense entries with more than one form (except those with explicit overrides). Normally used to add a footnote symbol to those entries, to add a usage note to alternate past-tense forms.

 * prestail
 * Same but for present-tense entries.

 * futrtail
 * Same but for future-tense entries.

 * imprtail
 * Same but for imperative entries.

 * parttail
 * Same but for participle entries.

 * pasttailall
 * Like pasttail but appends to all past-tense entries (except those with explicit overrides). Normally used to add a footnote symbol, in order to add a usage note about the past-tense forms.

 * prestailall
 * Same but for present-tense entries.

 * futrtailall
 * Same but for future-tense entries.

 * imprtailall
 * Same but for imperative entries.

 * parttailall
 * Same but for participle entries.

 * MAINFORM_tail
 * Append a footnote symbol to the last entry for a particular form. Note that this differs from pasttail, prestail, and futrtail in that it will be appended even if there's only one form. The possible values of MAINFORM are the same as for overrides, except that only main forms are recognized (e.g. use pres_1sg_tail, not pres_1sg2_tail).

 * MAINFORM_tailall
 * Same but append to all entries.

 * FORM_sym
 * Append a footnote symbol to the specified form. This differs from MAINFORM_tail in that FORM can be any value for which an override exists, including e.g. pres_1sg2_sym.

Handling exceptional verbs with normal present passive participles in classes without them
Class-4 verbs (in -ить) normally have rare and awkward present passive participles (e.g. of  and  of ) but some verbs have normal present passive participles (e.g.  of ). Similarly, class-6a verbs in -ать normally have no present passive participle, but some verbs have normal present passive participles (e.g. of ). You can specify that a present passive participle should be generated normally even if it normally would be missing or marked as awkward by using + or +.

Verb classes
Note that verb classes come in 3 stress patterns:
 * Pattern a: accent in the present/future is consistently on the stem
 * Pattern b: accent in the present/future is consistently on the endings
 * Pattern c: accent in the present/future is on the ending in the first singular, and otherwise on the stem

Verbs also come in two conjugations:
 * Conjugation I has third-person plural in -ут or -ют, and 2sg/3sg/1pl/2pl usually in -е- or -ё-.
 * Conjugation II has third-person plural in -ят, and 2sg/3sg/1pl/2pl in -и-.

Verbs come in 16 classes, plus some irregular variations. The 16 classes are as follows:

Class 1a

 * verbs in -ать/-ять (some in -еть), conjugation I, stress pattern a:
 * -ать (-аю, -ает)
 * -ять (-яю, -яет)
 * -еть (-ею, -еет)

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive

Allowed variants (param 2) are the past-passive-participle codes,  ,   and.

Examples:
 * : and
 * : and
 * : and

Note that specifying - to indicate a missing past passive participle isn't necessary for imperfective verbs but is done in for clarity, since transitive imperfective verbs that were not formed by suffixing a perfective verb normally do have a past passive participle.

Class 2a

 * verbs in -овать/-евать, conjugation I, stress pattern a:
 * -овать (-ую, -ует/-уёт)
 * -евать (-юю, -юет/-юёт), (-ую, -ует/-уёт) (after ш, щ, ж, ч, ц)

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive

Allowed variants (param 2) are the past-passive-participle codes,   and. Note that  is not allowed but is automatic in verbs ending in -ева́ть, with participles in -ёванный, and is indicated in the title line of the declension table (verbs in -цева́ть have participles -цо́ванный and have the indication -о- in the title line).

Examples:
 * : and
 * : and
 * : and

Class 2b

 * verbs in -овать/-евать, conjugation I, stress pattern b:

Identical to class 2a except for the stress pattern.

Allowed variants (param 2) are the past-passive-participle codes,   and. Note that  is not allowed but is automatic in verbs ending in -ева́ть, with participles in -ёванный, and is indicated in the title line of the declension table (verbs in -цевать have participles -цо́ванный and have the indication -о- in the title line).

Class 3a

 * verbs in -нуть, conjugation I, stress pattern a, long past-tense forms (including -ну-).

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive

Allowed variants (param 2) are imperative-ending codes, as well as the past-passive-participle codes,  ,   and.

Examples:

Class 3°a

 * verbs in -нуть, conjugation I, stress pattern a, short past-tense forms (lacking -ну-, except perhaps in the masculine singular).

Note that these verbs can use both  and   as the code.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive

Allowed variants (param 2) are  or ,   or  , an imperative-ending code, as well as the past-passive-participle codes  ,  ,   and  ;   can be written and is equivalent to.

Examples:
 * Note that this verb has only short past masculine singular and only short past participles  (active) and  (adverbial), since it lacks any variant codes.
 * Note that this verb has only short past masculine singular (since it lacks   and  ) but both short and long past participles / (active) and // (adverbial), due to code.
 * Note that this verb has both short past masculine singular and long  (code  ), and only long past participles  (active) and / (adverbial) (code  ).
 * Note that this verb has both short past masculine singular and long  (code  ), and both short and long past participles / (active) and / (adverbial), due to code.
 * Note that this verb has both short past masculine singular and long  (code  ), and only long past participles  (active) and / (adverbial) (code  ).
 * Note that this verb has both short past masculine singular and long  (code  ), and both short and long past participles / (active) and / (adverbial), due to code.
 * Note that this verb has both short past masculine singular and long  (code  ), and both short and long past participles / (active) and / (adverbial), due to code.
 * Note that this verb has both short past masculine singular and long  (code  ), and both short and long past participles / (active) and / (adverbial), due to code.

Class 3b

 * verbs in -ну́ть, conjugation I, stress pattern b.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive

Allowed variants (param 2) are the past-passive-participle codes,  ,   and.

Examples:

Class 3c

 * verbs in -ну́ть, conjugation I, stress pattern c.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive

Allowed variants (param 2) are the past-passive-participle codes,  ,   and.

Examples:

Class 4a

 * verbs in -ить, conjugation II, stress pattern a.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive

Allowed variants (param 2) are past stress codes,, an imperative-ending code, and the past-passive-participle codes  ,  ,   and.

Examples:

Class 4b

 * verbs in -и́ть, conjugation II, stress pattern b.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive

Allowed variants (param 2) are past stress codes,  and the past-passive-participle codes ,  ,   and.

Examples:

Class 4c

 * verbs in -и́ть, conjugation II, stress pattern c.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive

Allowed variants (param 2) are past stress codes,, the present-active-participle codes   and  , and the past-passive-participle codes  ,  ,   and.

Examples:

(In the example above with, we request a normal present passive participle; otherwise, it would marked as "rare and awkward", as with .)

Class 4a//1a
Verbs of this class can have forms of either 4a or 1a, and use the code. All verbs of this type are derivatives of either or, and have alternative class-1a present and imperative forms (as well as perfective future forms) derived as if from ме́рять or му́чать. (These verbs actually exist and are colloquial alternatives, especially in the past and infinitive.) See verbal section 16 of A.A. Zaliznyak's book Грамматический Словарь Русского Языка, described on page 142 of the 1980 edition. The infinitive and past forms are identical for both classes.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive

The allowed variants are the same as for class 4a (but щ and жд are never encountered).

Examples:

Class 5a

 * verbs in -еть (-ять after vowels, -ать after ш/щ/ч/ж), conjugation II, stress pattern a.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive
 * 4 (optional): the present stem, if different from the infinitive stem; needs to have the stress indicated

Allowed variants (param 2) are past-stress codes, an imperative-ending code, and the past-passive-participle codes,  ,   and.

Examples:
 * : or (impersonal)
 * : or (impersonal)
 * : or (impersonal)
 * : or (impersonal)
 * : or (impersonal)

Class 5b

 * verbs in -е́ть (-я́ть after vowels, -а́ть after ш/щ/ч/ж), conjugation II, stress pattern b.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive
 * 4 (optional): the present stem, if different from the infinitive stem; should not have stress

Allowed variants (param 2) are past-stress codes, an imperative-ending code, and the past-passive-participle codes,  ,   and.

Examples:

Class 5c

 * verbs in -е́ть (-я́ть after vowels, -а́ть after ш/щ/ч/ж, гнать exceptionally), conjugation II, stress pattern c.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive
 * 4 (optional): the present stem, if different from the infinitive stem; needs to have the stress indicated

Allowed variants (param 2) are past-stress codes, an imperative-ending code, the present-active-participle codes  and , and the past-passive-participle codes  ,  ,   and.

Examples:

Note that specifying - to indicate a missing past passive participle isn't necessary for imperfective verbs but is done in and  for clarity, since transitive imperfective verbs that were not formed by suffixing a perfective verb normally do have a past passive participle.

Class 6a

 * verbs in -ать (-ять after vowels), iotated present tense without -а, conjugation I, stress pattern a.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive
 * 4 (optional): the present stem, if different from the infinitive stem; needs to have the stress indicated

Allowed variants (param 2) are past-stress codes, an imperative-ending code, and the past-passive-participle codes,  ,   and.

Examples:

(In the last example, we mark the past passive participle as nonexistent using - and request a normal present passive participle using +; otherwise, no present passive participle would be generated.)

Class 6°a

 * verbs in -ать, non-iotated present tense without -а, conjugation I, stress pattern a.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive
 * 4 (optional): the present stem, if different from the infinitive stem; needs to have the stress indicated

Note that these verbs can use both  and   as the code.

Examples:

Class 6b

 * verbs in -а́ть (-я́ть after vowels), iotated present tense without -а, conjugation I, stress pattern b.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive
 * 4 (optional): the present stem, if different from the infinitive stem; should not have stress

Allowed variants (param 2) are past stress and the past-passive-participle codes,  ,   and.

Examples:

Class 6°b

 * verbs in -а́ть, non-iotated present tense without -а, conjugation I, stress pattern b.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive
 * 4 (optional): the present stem, if different from the infinitive stem; should not have stress

Note that these verbs can use both  and   as the code.

Allowed variants (param 2) are past stress and the past-passive-participle codes,  ,   and.

Examples:

Class 6c

 * verbs in -а́ть (-я́ть after vowels), iotated present tense without -а, conjugation I, stress pattern c.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive
 * 4 (optional): the present stem, if different from the infinitive stem; needs to have the stress indicated

Allowed variants (param 2) are, past stress, and the past-passive-participle codes  ,  ,   and.

Examples:

Class 6°c

 * verbs in -ать, non-iotated present tense without -а, conjugation I, stress pattern c.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive
 * 4 (optional): the present stem, if different from the infinitive stem; needs to have the stress indicated

Note that these verbs can use both  and   as the code.

All verbs in this class are derivatives of.

Examples:

Class 6a//1a and 6c//1a, §13
Verbs of this class can have forms of either 6a/6c or 1a, and use the codes  (because there is another 6a//1a variant) and.

Section 13 refers to a notation in A.A. Zaliznyak's book Грамматический Словарь Русского Языка, described on page 141 of the 1980 edition. The infinitive and past forms are identical for both classes. In the finite present (or perfective future) tense and the present active participle, the class 6 forms are preferred and the class 1a forms are considered colloquial. In the remaining present participles and the imperative, forms of both classes are equally preferred.

Parameters are as in class 6a or 6c.

Examples:

Class 6a//1a and 1a//6a, §14
Verbs of this class can have forms of either 6a or 1a, and use the codes  (because there is another 6a//1a variant) and.

Section 14 refers to a notation in A.A. Zaliznyak's book Грамматический Словарь Русского Языка, described on page 141 of the 1980 edition. The infinitive and past forms are identical for both classes. In the present adverbial participle and imperative, the class 1 forms are preferred and the class 6 forms are dated. In the remainder of the present (and perfective future), forms of one class or the other are slightly preferred: class 6 for 6a//1a, class 1 for 1a//6a.

Parameters are as in class 6a.

Examples:

Class 7a

 * verbs in -сти/сть, -зти/-зть, present tense stem ending in various consonants, conjugation I, stress pattern a.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive
 * 4 (required): the present stem; needs to have the stress indicated; multiple stems can be specified, separated by commas
 * 5 (optional): the past stem; needs to have the stress indicated; normally should be omitted, and defaults to the infinitive (but ending in д, т, с, з, б or ст of the present stem, except in verbs in -сть where the present stem ends in д or т, in which case the default value ends in a vowel)

Allowed variants (param 2) are past stress codes, imperative-ending codes,  and the past-passive-participle code.

Examples:

Class 7b

 * verbs in -сти́/сть, -зти́/-зть, present tense stem ending in various consonants, conjugation I, stress pattern b.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive
 * 4 (required): the present stem; should not have stress; multiple stems can be specified, separated by commas
 * 5 (optional): the past stem; needs to have the stress indicated; normally should be omitted, and defaults to the infinitive (but ending in д, т, с, з, б or ст of the present stem, except in verbs in -сть where the present stem ends in д or т, in which case the default value ends in a vowel); the special argument ёе should be used if the past tense masculine singular has ё in it but the past active and adverbial participles have е

Allowed variants (param 2) are past stress codes,  and the past-passive-participle code.

Examples:

Class 8a

 * verbs in -чь, present tense in -г-/-к- (iotated to -ж-/-ч- in the 2sg/3sg/1pl/2pl), conjugation I, stress pattern a.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive
 * 4 (required): the present stem, in non-iotated form; needs to have the stress indicated
 * 5 (optional): the stressed past stem, used for the masculine singular past and as the stem of past participles; needs to have the stress indicated, defaults to the present stem

The default for the present passive participle, present adverbial participle, and short past adverbial participle are blank, and will need to be specified with overrides if they exist.

Examples:

Class 8b

 * verbs in -чь, present tense in -г-/-к- (iotated to -ж-/-ч- in the 2sg/3sg/1pl/2pl), conjugation I, stress pattern b.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive
 * 4 (required): the present stem, in non-iotated form; should not have stress
 * 5 (optional): one or more stressed past stems separated by commas, used for the masculine singular past and as the stem of past participles; needs to have the stress indicated, defaults to the present stem with the last vowel stressed (actually to the special value ё, see below)

For the stressed past stem (param 5), the special arguments ё, е or ёе can be used in conjunction with verbs whose infinitive ends in -ечь. The argument ё is the default, and indicates that the stressed past stem should have ё in place of the last е. The argument е contrarily indicates that the stressed past stem should have е́, and the argument ёе indicates that the stressed past stem should have ё in the masculine singular past but е́ in the past active and adverbial participles.

The default for the present passive participle, present adverbial participle, and short past adverbial participle are blank, and will need to be specified with overrides if they exist.

Allowed variants (param 2) are past stress codes and the past-passive-participle code.

Examples:

Class 9a

 * verbs in -ереть, present tense in -р- (no root vowel), conjugation I, stress pattern a.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive
 * 4 (optional): the present stem; needs to have the stress indicated

Allowed variants (param 2) are past stress codes and the past-passive-participle code.

These verbs only occur in the perfective.

Examples:

Class 9b

 * verbs in -ере́ть, present tense in -р- (no root vowel), conjugation I, stress pattern b.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive
 * 4 (optional): the present stem; should not have stress
 * 5 (optional): the past participle stem, minus -ши(й); needs to have the stress indicated; used for the past active and adverbial participles, defaults to the value of past_m; multiple stems can be specified, separated by commas

Allowed variants (param 2) are past stress codes, the past-passive-participle code  and the long prefix code.

The default for the present passive participle, present adverbial participle, and (in the imperfect) the short past adverbial participle are blank, and will need to be specified with overrides if they exist.

Examples:

Class 10a

 * verbs in -олоть or -ороть, conjugation I, stress pattern a.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive

Allowed variants (param 2) are the past-passive-participle codes,   and.

These verbs only occur in the perfective.

Examples:

Class 10c

 * verbs mostly in -оло́ть or -оро́ть, conjugation I, stress pattern c.

 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive
 * 4 (optional): the present stem; needs to have the stress indicated

Allowed variants (param 2) are the past-passive-participle codes,   and.

The default for the present passive participle is blank, and will need to be specified with an override if it exists.

Examples:

Class 11a

 * verbs in -ить, present tense in -ью/-ьет, conjugation I, stress pattern a.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive

Allowed variants (param 2) are past stress codes and the past-passive-participle code.

These verbs only occur in the perfective.

Examples:

Class 11b

 * verbs in -и́ть, present tense in -ью́/-ьёт, conjugation I, stress pattern b.

 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive
 * 4 (optional): the present stem; should not have stress

Allowed variants (param 2) are past stress codes, the past-passive-participle code  and the long prefix code.

The default for the present passive participle is blank, and will need to be specified with an override if it exists.

Examples:

Class 12a

 * verbs in a single-syllable root ending in a vowel, usually infinitive -ыть (present tense -о́ю) or -уть (present tense -у́ю), conjugation I, stress pattern a.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive
 * 4 (optional): the present stem; needs to have the stress indicated

Allowed variants (param 2) are past stress codes and the past-passive-participle code.

Examples:

Class 12b

 * (пою́, поёт), (гнию́, гниёт) and derivatives, conjugation I, stress pattern b.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive
 * 4 (optional): the present stem; should not have stress

Allowed variants (param 2) are past stress codes and the past-passive-participle code.

The default for the present passive participle is blank, and will need to be specified with an override if it exists.

Examples:

Class 13b

 * verbs in -ава́ть (present tense -аю́, -аёт), conjugation I, stress pattern b.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive

Allowed variants (param 2) are the past-passive-participle code.

Examples:

Class 14a

 * one verb (present tense вы́жму, вы́жмет), conjugation I, stress pattern a.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive
 * 4 (required): the present stem; needs to have the stress indicated

Allowed variants (param 2) are past stress codes and the past-passive-participle code.

Example (only one):

Class 14b

 * verbs in a single-syllable root ending in infinitive -ать or -ять, present tense in -н- or -м- (no root vowel) or in -им-, conjugation I, stress pattern b.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive
 * 4 (required): the present stem; should not have stress

Allowed variants (param 2) are past stress codes and the past-passive-participle code.

The default for the present passive participle is blank, and will need to be specified with an override if it exists.

Examples:

Class 14c

 * verbs in a single-syllable root ending in infinitive -ать or -ять, present tense in -н- or -м- (no root vowel) or in -им-, conjugation I, stress pattern c.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive
 * 4 (required): the present stem; needs to have the stress indicated

Allowed variants (param 2) are past stress codes and the past-passive-participle code.

The default for the present passive participle is blank, and will need to be specified with an override if it exists.

Examples:

Class 15a

 * verbs in a single-syllable root, present tense in full root plus -н-, conjugation I, stress pattern a. All verbs are derivatives of, , , or.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive

Allowed variants (param 2) are the past-passive-participle code.

The default for the present passive and present adverbial participle is blank, and will need to be specified with overrides if they exist.

Examples:

Class 16a

 * verbs in a single-syllable root, present tense in full root plus -в-, conjugation I, stress pattern a. All verbs begin with and are perfective.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive

Allowed variants (param 2) are past stress codes and the past-passive-participle code.

Examples:

Class 16b

 * verbs in a single-syllable root, present tense in full root plus -в-, conjugation I, stress pattern b. All verbs are derivatives of, , or.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive

Allowed variants (param 2) are past stress codes and the past-passive-participle code.

The default for the present passive participle is blank, and will need to be specified with an override if it exists.

Examples:

Irregular verbs
There are numerous irregular verbs that don't fit into the above classes. All of them use class. The following is the full list of irregular main verbs supported (prefixed and reflexive variants are also supported):

 * and verbs in
 * (and derivatives such as, )
 * and derivatives
 * and verbs in
 * (and derivatives such as, )
 * and derivatives
 * and verbs in
 * (and derivatives such as, )
 * and derivatives
 * and verbs in
 * (and derivatives such as, )
 * and derivatives
 * and derivatives
 * and derivatives
 * and derivatives
 * and derivatives
 * and derivatives
 * and derivatives
 * and derivatives
 * and derivatives
 * and derivatives
 * and derivatives
 * and derivatives
 * and derivatives
 * and derivatives

Note that pre-reform verbs such as still must be invoked using  (not ) despite the fact that the spelling itself indicates a pre-reform verb.

Parameters:
 * 3 (required): the stressed infinitive

Allowed variants (param 2) are past stress codes for the verbs, , and derivatives, and   for , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,  and derivatives; otherwise, no variant codes are allowed.

Examples:

title: Module:ru-verb/documentation


text:
incidência

Etymology
. By surface analysis, from.

Noun

 * 1) incidence

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: incidência


text: incidires

title: incidires


text: incidirmos

title: incidirmos


text: incidirdes

title: incidirdes


text: incidirem

title: incidirem


text: incidindo

title: incidindo


text: incididos

title: incididos


text: incidida

title: incidida


text: incididas

title: incididas


text: incidem

title: incidem


text:
Kleriker

Noun

 * 1) clergyman (male Christian minister belonging to the clergy)

title: Kleriker


text: incidia

title: incidia


text: incidias

title: incidias


text: incidíeis

title: incidíeis


text: incidiam

title: incidiam


text: incidiu

title: incidiu


text: incidistes

title: incidistes


text: incidiram

title: incidiram


text: incidira

title: incidira


text: incidiras

title: incidiras


text: incidíramos

title: incidíramos


text: incidíreis

title: incidíreis


text: incidirei

title: incidirei


text: incidireis

title: incidireis


text: incidirão

title: incidirão


text: incidiria

title: incidiria


text: incidirias

title: incidirias


text: incidiríeis

title: incidiríeis


text: incidiriam

title: incidiriam


text: incidais

title: incidais


text: incidíssemos

title: incidíssemos


text: incidísseis

title: incidísseis


text: incorporarmos

title: incorporarmos


text: incorporardes

title: incorporardes


text: incorporados

title: incorporados


text: incorporada

title: incorporada


text: incorporadas

title: incorporadas


text: incorporam

title: incorporam


text: incorporavas

title: incorporavas


text: incorporávamos

title: incorporávamos


text: incorporáveis

title: incorporáveis


text: incorporavam

title: incorporavam


text: incorporou

title: incorporou


text: incorporámos

title: incorporámos


text: incorporastes

title: incorporastes


text: incorporáreis

title: incorporáreis


text: incorporarei

title: incorporarei


text: incorporarão

title: incorporarão


text: incorporaria

title: incorporaria


text: incorporarias

title: incorporarias


text: incorporaríeis

title: incorporaríeis


text: incorporariam

title: incorporariam


text: incorporássemos

title: incorporássemos


text: incorporásseis

title: incorporásseis


text:
independentemente

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) independently
 * 2) apart

title: independentemente


text:
indetectável

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) undetectable

title: indetectável


text: industriais

title: industriais


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/Genders

Your changes don't work, you should either revert them or update Template:l.

title: Thread:User talk:CodeCat/Genders


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/Genders/reply

There are only a few entries, it won't hurt to leave them this way for a day or two.

title: Thread:User talk:CodeCat/Genders/reply


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/Genders/reply (2)

Hmm I thought there must be a lot.

I think everything is ready to update l.


text:
㝌

Definitions

 * 1)  to take up permanent residence

Synonyms

 * 久居

title: 㝌


text:
rachunek prawdopodobieństwa

Etymology
lit. 'calculus of probability'.

Noun

 * 1)  probability theory

title: rachunek prawdopodobieństwa


text:
rachunek różniczkowy

Etymology
lit. 'differential calculus'.

Noun

 * 1)  differential calculus

title: rachunek różniczkowy


text: 㝍

title: 㝍


text: confiro

title: confiro


text: confira

title: confira


text: confiras

title: confiras


text: confirais

title: confirais


text: confiram

title: confiram


text:
ビエンナーレ

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a biennial event, especially a  biennale celebration or exhibition

title: ビエンナーレ


text: 㝎

title: 㝎


text: inferires

title: inferires


text: inferirmos

title: inferirmos


text: inferirdes

title: inferirdes


text: inferirem

title: inferirem


text: inferindo

title: inferindo


text:
トリエンナーレ

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a triennial event

title: トリエンナーレ


text: inferidos

title: inferidos


text: inferida

title: inferida


text: inferidas

title: inferidas


text: infiro

title: infiro


text: inferem

title: inferem


text: inferíeis

title: inferíeis


text:
㝏

Definitions

 * 1) alone, solitary
 * 2) to live alone

title: 㝏


text: inferiu

title: inferiu


text: inferistes

title: inferistes


text: inferiram

title: inferiram


text: inferira

title: inferira


text: inferiras

title: inferiras


text: inferíramos

title: inferíramos


text: inferíreis

title: inferíreis


text: inferireis

title: inferireis


text: inferirão

title: inferirão


text: inferiria

title: inferiria


text: inferirias

title: inferirias


text: inferiríeis

title: inferiríeis


text: infeririam

title: infeririam


text: infira

title: infira


text: infiras

title: infiras


text: infiramos

title: infiramos


text: infirais

title: infirais


text: infiram

title: infiram


text: inferisses

title: inferisses


text: inferíssemos

title: inferíssemos


text: inferísseis

title: inferísseis


text: inferissem

title: inferissem


text: 㝐

title: 㝐


text: aderires

title: aderires


text: aderirmos

title: aderirmos


text: aderirdes

title: aderirdes


text: aderirem

title: aderirem


text: aderindo

title: aderindo


text: aderido

title: aderido


text: aderidos

title: aderidos


text: aderida

title: aderida


text: aderidas

title: aderidas


text: aderes

title: aderes


text:
adere

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) blood vein
 * 2) vein of other kinds, e.g.
 * 3) groundwater
 * 4) ore
 * 5) leaf
 * 6) stone

title: adere


text: aderimos

title: aderimos


text: aderem

title: aderem


text: aderia

title: aderia


text: aderias

title: aderias


text: aderíamos

title: aderíamos


text: aderíeis

title: aderíeis


text: aderiam

title: aderiam


text:
aderi

Adjective

 * 1) sour, tart, bitter

title: aderi


text: aderiu

title: aderiu


text: aderistes

title: aderistes


text: aderiram

title: aderiram


text: aderira

title: aderira


text: aderiras

title: aderiras


text: aderíramos

title: aderíramos


text: aderíreis

title: aderíreis


text:
deferir

Etymology
From

Verb

 * 1) to grant

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to defer

title: deferir


text: aderirás

title: aderirás


text: 㝑

title: 㝑


text: aderirá

title: aderirá


text: aderiremos

title: aderiremos


text: aderireis

title: aderireis


text: aderirão

title: aderirão


text: aderiria

title: aderiria


text: aderirias

title: aderirias


text: aderiríamos

title: aderiríamos


text: aderiríeis

title: aderiríeis


text: adeririam

title: adeririam


text: adiras

title: adiras


text: adiramos

title: adiramos


text: adirais

title: adirais


text: adiram

title: adiram


text: aderisses

title: aderisses


text: aderíssemos

title: aderíssemos


text: aderísseis

title: aderísseis


text: aderissem

title: aderissem


text: 㝒

title: 㝒


text: deferires

title: deferires


text: deferirmos

title: deferirmos


text:
野鳥観察

Etymology
🇰🇲

Noun

 * 1) birdwatching

title: 野鳥観察


text: deferirdes

title: deferirdes


text: deferirem

title: deferirem


text: deferindo

title: deferindo


text: deferido

title: deferido


text: deferidos

title: deferidos


text: deferida

title: deferida


text: deferidas

title: deferidas


text: defiro

title: defiro


text: defere

title: defere


text: deferimos

title: deferimos


text: deferis

title: deferis


text: deferem

title: deferem


text: deferia

title: deferia


text: deferias

title: deferias


text: deferíamos

title: deferíamos


text: deferíeis

title: deferíeis


text: deferiam

title: deferiam


text:
deferi

Etymology
, from.

Verb

 * 1) to remand

title: deferi


text: ijeszteni

title: ijeszteni


text: deferiu

title: deferiu


text: deferistes

title: deferistes


text: deferiram

title: deferiram


text: deferira

title: deferira


text:
バードウォッチング

Etymology
From.

title: バードウォッチング


text: deferiras

title: deferiras


text: deferíramos

title: deferíramos


text: deferíreis

title: deferíreis


text:
Template:U:hu:inf-ni

 * (infinitive suffix) Variants:
 *  is added to most verbs
 *  is added to back-vowel verbs ending in -ít or in two consonants
 *  is added to front-vowel verbs ending in -ít or in two consonants
 *  is added to verbs with variant stems
 *  is added to front-vowel verbs ending in -ít or in two consonants
 *  is added to verbs with variant stems
 *  is added to front-vowel verbs ending in -ít or in two consonants
 *  is added to verbs with variant stems
 *  is added to verbs with variant stems
 *  is added to verbs with variant stems
 *  is added to verbs with variant stems

title: Template:U:hu:inf-ni


text: deferirás

title: deferirás


text: deferirá

title: deferirá


text: deferiremos

title: deferiremos


text: deferireis

title: deferireis


text: deferirão

title: deferirão


text: deferiria

title: deferiria


text: deferirias

title: deferirias


text:
㝓

Definitions

 * 1) corresponding, equivalent
 * 2) considerable, to a great extent
 * 3) appropriate
 * 4) a hollow
 * 5) concave

title: 㝓


text: deferiríamos

title: deferiríamos


text: deferiríeis

title: deferiríeis


text: defeririam

title: defeririam


text: defira

title: defira


text: defiras

title: defiras


text: defiramos

title: defiramos


text: defirais

title: defirais


text: defiram

title: defiram


text: deferisses

title: deferisses


text: deferíssemos

title: deferíssemos


text: deferísseis

title: deferísseis


text: deferissem

title: deferissem


text: ferirmos

title: ferirmos


text: ferirdes

title: ferirdes


text: ferindo

title: ferindo


text:
ferido

Etymology
From, from , perfect passive participle of.

Adjective

 * 1) injured, hurt, sore, wounded
 * 2) stricken struck by something
 * 3) offended having been insulted
 * 4) emotionally hurt
 * 1) offended having been insulted
 * 2) emotionally hurt
 * 1) emotionally hurt

Noun

 * 1) injured person

title: ferido


text: feridos

title: feridos


text:
firo

Noun

 * 1) translation, interpretation, meaning

title: firo


text: ferimos

title: ferimos


text: ferem

title: ferem


text: feríamos

title: feríamos


text: feríeis

title: feríeis


text: feristes

title: feristes


text: feriram

title: feriram


text: ferira

title: ferira


text: feriras

title: feriras


text: feríramos

title: feríramos


text: feríreis

title: feríreis


text: ferirás

title: ferirás


text: ferirá

title: ferirá


text: feriremos

title: feriremos


text: ferireis

title: ferireis


text: ferirão

title: ferirão


text: feririas

title: feririas


text: feriríamos

title: feriríamos


text: feriríeis

title: feriríeis


text: feririam

title: feririam


text: firamos

title: firamos


text: firais

title: firais


text: firam

title: firam


text: ferisses

title: ferisses


text: feríssemos

title: feríssemos


text: ferísseis

title: ferísseis


text: ferissem

title: ferissem


text:
dahaben

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to have available, to have in stock
 * 2)  to have someone visiting

title: dahaben


text:
同好

Noun

 * 1) people with similar interests

Noun

 * 1) similar interests, similar tastes

title: 同好


text:
バーミンガム

Etymology
Borrowed from.

title: バーミンガム


text: Category:German terms prefixed with da-

title: Category:German terms prefixed with da-


text:
産児制限

Noun

 * 1) birth control

title: 産児制限


text:
Template:U:hu:inf-nia

 * The conjugated infinitive denotes action connected to the person. The non-conjugated infinitive has a general meaning:
 * With words like “important, necessary” etc., it is expressed in English as “for him/her to…”.
 * Variants:
 *  is added to back-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to front-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to back-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to front-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to front-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to back-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to front-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to back-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to front-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to front-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to front-vowel words that form their infinitive with

title: Template:U:hu:inf-nia


text:
さえずり

Noun

 * 1)  birdsong
 * 2)  whale tongue

title: さえずり


text: rohannia

title: rohannia


text:
sicherheitshalber

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) preventively
 * 2) as a precaution

title: sicherheitshalber


text: főznie

title: főznie


text:
出生地

Noun

 * 1) birthplace; place of birth

Noun

 * 1) birthplace

title: 出生地


text: tanítania

title: tanítania


text: Template:trans-boiler

title: Template:trans-boiler


text:
両性的

Adjective

 * 1) bisexual, male and female
 * 2) having two differing qualities

title: 両性的


text:
ingestão

Noun

 * 1) ingestion

title: ingestão


text:
Template:trans-boiler/documentation

Usage
This template must be substituted. When it is, it inserts

into the markup, where  is replaced by the parameter passed to this template.

title: Template:trans-boiler/documentation


text:
veszítenie

Verb

 * Súlyt kell veszítenie. - He/she has to lose weight.
 * Súlyt kell veszítenie. - He/she has to lose weight.

title: veszítenie


text:
inibidor

Noun

 * 1) inhibitor

Adjective

 * 1) inhibitory

title: inibidor


text:
inoperável

Adjective

 * 1) inoperable

title: inoperável


text:
inorgânico

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  inorganic

title: inorgânico


text:
㝔

Definitions

 * 1) deep bottom
 * 2) the southeast corner of a house

title: 㝔


text:
inoxidável

Adjective

 * 1) stainless (steel)

title: inoxidável


text: さば

title: さば


text: festenie

title: festenie


text:
lavandaría

Noun

 * 1) launderette, laundromat

title: lavandaría


text: intercalarmos

title: intercalarmos


text: intercalardes

title: intercalardes


text: lavandarías

title: lavandarías


text: intercalados

title: intercalados


text: intercalada

title: intercalada


text: intercaladas

title: intercaladas


text: 㝕

title: 㝕


text: intercalam

title: intercalam


text: intercalavas

title: intercalavas


text: intercalávamos

title: intercalávamos


text: intercaláveis

title: intercaláveis


text: intercalavam

title: intercalavam


text: intercalei

title: intercalei


text: intercalou

title: intercalou


text: intercalámos

title: intercalámos


text: intercalastes

title: intercalastes


text: lavanderias

title: lavanderias


text: intercaláreis

title: intercaláreis


text: intercalarei

title: intercalarei


text: intercalarão

title: intercalarão


text: intercalaríeis

title: intercalaríeis


text: intercaleis

title: intercaleis


text: intercalássemos

title: intercalássemos


text: intercalásseis

title: intercalásseis


text:
lavandaria

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) launderette, laundromat

title: lavandaria


text: lavandarias

title: lavandarias


text:
Template:U:hu:nként

 * (distributive suffix) Variants:
 *  is added to nouns ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
 *  is added to some back-vowel nouns ending in a consonant
 *  is added to most back-vowel nouns ending in a consonant
 *  is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel nouns ending in a consonant
 *  is added to most rounded front-vowel nouns ending in a consonant
 * It can be supplemented with the suffix to form adjectives specifying the frequency of an event, e.g. hetenkénti rendszerességgel (“every week”, literally, “with the regularity of a week”), synonymous with heti rendszerességgel or simply hetenként, . It can also form adjectives expressing application for every piece, e.g. a csomagonkénti díj (“the fee for individual items of baggage”).
 *  is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel nouns ending in a consonant
 *  is added to most rounded front-vowel nouns ending in a consonant
 * It can be supplemented with the suffix to form adjectives specifying the frequency of an event, e.g. hetenkénti rendszerességgel (“every week”, literally, “with the regularity of a week”), synonymous with heti rendszerességgel or simply hetenként, . It can also form adjectives expressing application for every piece, e.g. a csomagonkénti díj (“the fee for individual items of baggage”).
 *  is added to most rounded front-vowel nouns ending in a consonant
 * It can be supplemented with the suffix to form adjectives specifying the frequency of an event, e.g. hetenkénti rendszerességgel (“every week”, literally, “with the regularity of a week”), synonymous with heti rendszerességgel or simply hetenként, . It can also form adjectives expressing application for every piece, e.g. a csomagonkénti díj (“the fee for individual items of baggage”).
 * It can be supplemented with the suffix to form adjectives specifying the frequency of an event, e.g. hetenkénti rendszerességgel (“every week”, literally, “with the regularity of a week”), synonymous with heti rendszerességgel or simply hetenként, . It can also form adjectives expressing application for every piece, e.g. a csomagonkénti díj (“the fee for individual items of baggage”).
 * It can be supplemented with the suffix to form adjectives specifying the frequency of an event, e.g. hetenkénti rendszerességgel (“every week”, literally, “with the regularity of a week”), synonymous with heti rendszerességgel or simply hetenként, . It can also form adjectives expressing application for every piece, e.g. a csomagonkénti díj (“the fee for individual items of baggage”).

title: Template:U:hu:nként


text:
interromper

Etymology
Borrowed from, and adapted to.

Verb

 * 1) to interrupt
 * 2) to discontinue

title: interromper


text:
doçura

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) sweetness

title: doçura


text: interrompermos

title: interrompermos


text: interromperdes

title: interromperdes


text: interromperem

title: interromperem


text: interrompido

title: interrompido


text: interrompidos

title: interrompidos


text: interrompida

title: interrompida


text: interrompidas

title: interrompidas


text: Template:HTML-tag

title: Template:HTML-tag


text: interrompemos

title: interrompemos


text: interrompeis

title: interrompeis


text: interrompias

title: interrompias


text: interrompíamos

title: interrompíamos


text: interrompíeis

title: interrompíeis


text: interrompiam

title: interrompiam


text: interrompestes

title: interrompestes


text: interromperam

title: interromperam


text: interrompera

title: interrompera


text: interromperas

title: interromperas


text: interrompêramos

title: interrompêramos


text:
intoxicação

Noun

 * 1) intoxication
 * 2) poisoning

title: intoxicação


text: interrompêreis

title: interrompêreis


text: interromperás

title: interromperás


text: interromperá

title: interromperá


text: interromperemos

title: interromperemos


text: interrompereis

title: interrompereis


text: interromperão

title: interromperão


text: interromperia

title: interromperia


text: interromperias

title: interromperias


text: interromperíamos

title: interromperíamos


text: interromperíeis

title: interromperíeis


text: interromperiam

title: interromperiam


text: interrompamos

title: interrompamos


text: interrompam

title: interrompam


text: interrompesses

title: interrompesses


text: interrompêssemos

title: interrompêssemos


text: interrompêsseis

title: interrompêsseis


text: interrompessem

title: interrompessem


text: interrompei

title: interrompei


text:
antiguamente

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) long ago
 * 2) formerly

title: antiguamente


text: intoxicarmos

title: intoxicarmos


text: intoxicardes

title: intoxicardes


text: intoxicarem

title: intoxicarem


text: intoxicais

title: intoxicais


text: intoxicam

title: intoxicam


text: intoxicava

title: intoxicava


text: intoxicavas

title: intoxicavas


text: intoxicávamos

title: intoxicávamos


text: intoxicáveis

title: intoxicáveis


text: intoxicavam

title: intoxicavam


text: intoxiquei

title: intoxiquei


text: intoxicou

title: intoxicou


text: intoxicámos

title: intoxicámos


text: intoxicastes

title: intoxicastes


text: intoxicaram

title: intoxicaram


text: intoxicáreis

title: intoxicáreis


text: intoxicarei

title: intoxicarei


text: intoxicarão

title: intoxicarão


text: intoxicaria

title: intoxicaria


text: intoxicarias

title: intoxicarias


text: intoxicaríeis

title: intoxicaríeis


text: intoxicariam

title: intoxicariam


text: intoxiqueis

title: intoxiqueis


text: intoxiquem

title: intoxiquem


text: intoxicasse

title: intoxicasse


text: intoxicasses

title: intoxicasses


text: intoxicássemos

title: intoxicássemos


text: intoxicásseis

title: intoxicásseis


text: intoxicassem

title: intoxicassem


text: intoxicai

title: intoxicai


text:
intracelular

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) intracellular

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) intracellular

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) intracellular

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) intracellular

title: intracelular


text:
alkemiisto

Noun

 * 1) alchemist

title: alkemiisto


text: 㝖

title: 㝖


text:
Template:U:hu:inf-nod

 * The conjugated infinitive denotes action connected to the person. The non-conjugated infinitive has a general meaning:
 * Variants:
 *  is added to back-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to unrounded front-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to rounded front-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to back-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to front-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to rounded front-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to back-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to front-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to back-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to front-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to front-vowel words that form their infinitive with

title: Template:U:hu:inf-nod


text:
㝗

Definitions

 * 1)  spacious; expansive
 * 2)  vast and boundless

title: 㝗


text: tanítanod

title: tanítanod


text: veszítened

title: veszítened


text:
pergaminho

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) parchment

title: pergaminho


text: Category:pt:Paper

title: Category:pt:Paper


text:
㝘

Definitions

 * 1)  harmony, peace
 * 2) pleasant, agreeable
 * 3) delightful

title: 㝘


text:
invés

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) opposite, reverse

Usage notes
Not to be confused with " " (as in ).

title: invés


text: pergaminhos

title: pergaminhos


text:
Template:U:hu:inf-nom

 * The conjugated infinitive denotes action connected to the person. The non-conjugated infinitive has a general meaning:
 * Variants:
 *  is added to back-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to unrounded front-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to rounded front-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to back-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to front-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to rounded front-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to back-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to front-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to back-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to front-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to front-vowel words that form their infinitive with

title: Template:U:hu:inf-nom


text: Category:Galician terms prefixed with intra-


text:
㝙

Han character

 * 1) (ancient form of 寅) third of the twelve earthly branches
 * 2) fellow officer
 * 3) horary sign (for period from 3 to 5 a.m.)

title: 㝙


text: irão

title: irão


text: Category:Portuguese terms prefixed with intra-


text:
إسماعيل

Etymology
From, from. Corresponding to +.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Ishmael, Ismail

title: إسماعيل


text:
Template:HTML-tag/documentation

This template provides a quick way to mention an XML-style tag in a preformatted way. Mainly used in discussion/help pages.

Usage

 * first parameter — (mandatory) the name of the HTML tag
 * second parameter — what type of tag to display:
 * or  – (default) display a matched pair of open-and-close tags:
 * To suppress the ellipsis which appears between the tags, add an empty content parameter
 * or  – display only the opening tag of an open-and-close pair:
 * or  – display only the closing tag of an open-and-close pair:
 * or  – display a single tag:
 * content= — the text content of the tags
 * params= — any parameters to be included in the opening tag

Examples

 * {| class="Wikitable" style="text-align:left"

! Wikicode !! Output
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }

title: Template:HTML-tag/documentation


text: lavábel

title: lavábel


text: lavábeis

title: lavábeis


text: iões

title: iões


text:
lavável

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) washable

title: lavável


text: farmacêuticos

title: farmacêuticos


text: filtrações

title: filtrações


text: fixações

title: fixações


text: floculações

title: floculações


text: fluorapatitas

title: fluorapatitas


text: fluoretações

title: fluoretações


text: fluoritas

title: fluoritas


text: formulações

title: formulações


text: fortalecimentos

title: fortalecimentos


text: fotossínteses

title: fotossínteses


text: fraturas

title: fraturas


text: fulerenos

title: fulerenos


text: gargalos

title: gargalos


text: geleiras

title: geleiras


text: giroscópios

title: giroscópios


text: farmacêutica

title: farmacêutica


text: glucínios

title: glucínios


text: hemisferas

title: hemisferas


text: farmacêuticas

title: farmacêuticas


text: hexafluoretos

title: hexafluoretos


text: fluorídrica

title: fluorídrica


text: hibridizações

title: hibridizações


text: hidrazinas

title: hidrazinas


text: fluorídricos

title: fluorídricos


text: hidroxilas

title: hidroxilas


text: fluorídricas

title: fluorídricas


text: iluminações

title: iluminações


text: imobilizações

title: imobilizações


text: idêntica

title: idêntica


text: imparcialidades

title: imparcialidades


text: idênticos

title: idênticos


text: inalações

title: inalações


text: incidências

title: incidências


text: idênticas

title: idênticas


text: ingestões

title: ingestões


text: imunológica

title: imunológica


text: inibidores

title: inibidores


text: imunológicos

title: imunológicos


text: doçuras

title: doçuras


text: imunológicas

title: imunológicas


text: intoxicações

title: intoxicações


text: indetectáveis

title: indetectáveis


text: inoperáveis

title: inoperáveis


text: inorgânica

title: inorgânica


text: inorgânicos

title: inorgânicos


text: inorgânicas

title: inorgânicas


text: inoxidáveis

title: inoxidáveis


text: intracelulares

title: intracelulares


text: jóia

title: jóia


text:
㝛

Derived characters

 * 𢴀 𦄲

title: 㝛


text:
kernita

Noun

 * 1)  kernite

title: kernita


text:
إدريس

Etymology
, formally a borrowing, candidates suggested include:

 * one of the apostles of Jesus
 * and also the immortalized cook of Alexander the Great (the latter being called )
 * , figures in the
 * the form  of, which would make it a doublet of
 * the form  of, which would make it a doublet of

Islamic theologists took the name as from from the root, in spite of the pattern  having been unproductive even by the time of Islam, leading to the equation with the biblical Enoch, whose name derives from. Enoch is generally depicted as a man of science, and is sometimes credited for inventing the art of writing and astronomy.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Idris, Idrees, a figure in the Islamic narrative.

title: إدريس


text:
kimberlito

Noun

 * 1)  kimberlite

title: kimberlito


text:
lavagem

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) washing, rinsing
 * 2) slops, dishwater
 * 3) food fed to animals, especially pigs
 * 4)  low-quality or poorly prepared food; slop

title: lavagem


text:
ŝtono de la saĝuloj

Noun

 * 1)  philosopher's stone

title: ŝtono de la saĝuloj


text:
gdhij

Alternative forms

 * (Gheg)
 * (Old Tosk)

Etymology
From, from. More at.

Verb

 * 1) to stay awake at night

title: gdhij


text: caíres

title: caíres


text: caírem

title: caírem


text:
herumlaufen

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to wander
 * 2)  to run around

title: herumlaufen


text: preferirmos

title: preferirmos


text: preferirdes

title: preferirdes


text: preferindo

title: preferindo


text: Category:German terms prefixed with herum-


text: prefiro

title: prefiro


text: accesíbel

title: accesíbel


text: preferes

title: preferes


text:
prefere

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) preferably

title: prefere


text: accesíbeis

title: accesíbeis


text: preferem

title: preferem


text: preferias

title: preferias


text: preferíeis

title: preferíeis


text: preferiam

title: preferiam


text: preferistes

title: preferistes


text: preferiram

title: preferiram


text: preferira

title: preferira


text: preferiras

title: preferiras


text: preferíramos

title: preferíramos


text: preferíreis

title: preferíreis


text: preferireis

title: preferireis


text: preferirão

title: preferirão


text: preferirias

title: preferirias


text: preferiríeis

title: preferiríeis


text:
黒い雨

Noun

 * 1) black rain radioactive rain

title: 黒い雨


text: prefeririam

title: prefeririam


text: prefira

title: prefira


text: prefiras

title: prefiras


text: prefirais

title: prefirais


text: prefiram

title: prefiram


text: preferisses

title: preferisses


text: preferíssemos

title: preferíssemos


text: preferísseis

title: preferísseis


text: preferissem

title: preferissem


text: tatuarmos

title: tatuarmos


text: tatuardes

title: tatuardes


text: tatuados

title: tatuados


text: tatuada

title: tatuada


text: tatuadas

title: tatuadas


text: tatuas

title: tatuas


text: tatuamos

title: tatuamos


text: tatuais

title: tatuais


text: tatuavas

title: tatuavas


text: tatuávamos

title: tatuávamos


text: tatuáveis

title: tatuáveis


text: tatuavam

title: tatuavam


text: tatuei

title: tatuei


text: tatuou

title: tatuou


text: tatuámos

title: tatuámos


text:
agrement

Etymology
From ; equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) An understanding or agreement; a state of mutual shared opinion.
 * 2)  Monetary compensation or remuneration.
 * 3)  A formal, written compact.
 * 4)  The conditions agreed upon when settling a bill.

Noun

 * 1) agreement; accord

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1) recreation
 * 2) agreement

title: agrement


text: tatuastes

title: tatuastes


text: tatuaram

title: tatuaram


text: tatuara

title: tatuara


text: tatuaras

title: tatuaras


text: tatuáramos

title: tatuáramos


text: tatuáreis

title: tatuáreis


text: tatuarei

title: tatuarei


text: tatuarás

title: tatuarás


text: tatuará

title: tatuará


text: tatuaremos

title: tatuaremos


text: tatuareis

title: tatuareis


text: tatuarão

title: tatuarão


text: tatuarias

title: tatuarias


text: tatuaríamos

title: tatuaríamos


text:
saskvaĉo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) sasquatch; Bigfoot

title: saskvaĉo


text: tatuaríeis

title: tatuaríeis


text:
恐喝

Noun

 * 1) intimidation, threat
 * 2) * 1937, 久生十蘭, 魔都:
 * 3) blackmail
 * 1) blackmail

Verb

 * 1) to intimidate, to threaten
 * 2) to blackmail

title: 恐喝


text: tatuariam

title: tatuariam


text: tatue

title: tatue


text: tatuemos

title: tatuemos


text: tatueis

title: tatueis


text: tatuasses

title: tatuasses


text: tatuássemos

title: tatuássemos


text: tatuásseis

title: tatuásseis


text: tatuassem

title: tatuassem


text: 恐愒

title: 恐愒


text: 恐猲

title: 恐猲


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 猲

title: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 猲


text:
esselier

Noun

 * 1) wooden support

title: esselier


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 愒

title: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 愒


text:
Talk:dissent

Translation table titles
Hi. It's confusing to add a translation to the noun part of dissent because, unless I'm missing something, both titles seem to mean the same: "disagreement with an authority" and "act of disagreeing with an authority" mean the same to me... Perhaps one of them could just be "act of disagreeing" (without the "authority" part)? --Edgefield (talk) 17:05, 11 April 2013 (UTC)

withhold assent
4. to withhold assent or approval Microsoft® Encarta® 2009 --Backinstadiums (talk) 10:59, 7 January 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:dissent


text:
řev

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) roar, roaring
 * 2) shouting, yelling

title: řev


text:
gdhe

Etymology
From, deadjectival from , from (🇨🇬). More at.

Noun

 * 1) knot, gnarl

title: gdhe


text: altlar

title: altlar


text: altım

title: altım


text: saskvaĉoj

title: saskvaĉoj


text:
Citations:blidget

Noun: "(slang, Internet) in the context of blogging, a widget featuring a blog feed, which can be installed on another blog or website"

 * 2007, Robert Strohmeyer, "The 15 Best Web Apps You've Never Heard Of", Maximum PC, October 2007:
 * Widgetbox also gives you the tools to create your own widgets— either by turning your blog into a "blidget" that others can subscribe to or by coding something unique and adding it to the Widgetbox collection.
 * 2008, Diane L. Schrecker, "Outreach and Information: Blogs in the Academic Library", in Thinking Outside the Book: Essays for Innovative Librarians (ed. Carol Smallwood), McFarland & Company (2008), ISBN 9780786435753, page 52:
 * Investigate the “blidget.” It will make your blog a small widget capable of being added to any existing Web page or other blog.
 * 2008, Diana Ransom, "Starting Up: Small Biz Tech Speak", The Wall Street Journal, 30 April 2008:
 * In particular, a "blidget" allows users to display a section of their blog on other web sites.
 * 2008, Dan Farber, "Widgetbox turns on 'Blog Network'", CNET, 19 September 2008:
 * "To date, widgets don't have the concept of a network effect. The more people who use them, the more utility is created for individual users. Given bloggers are one of our largest user sources, taking a blidget (RSS feeds turned into a widget) from a single source, and sharing it with the community, and showcasing it in the channel, and having leaderboard benefits bloggers, online content publishers, and advertisers," he added. "The new channels extend reach, drive traffic, improve brand awareness for bloggers."
 * 2009, Deltina Hay, A Survival Guide to Social Media and Web 2.0 Optimization: Strategies, Tactics, and Tools for Succeeding in the Social Web, Dalton Publishing (2009), ISBN 9780981744384, page 236:
 * Figure 9.22 on Page 235 shows the finished blidget for Social Media Power. Widgetbox blidgets like the one we just created are free, but they also offer a pro version for around $30 a year that allows you to design custom themes for you blidget, among other features.

title: Citations:blidget


text: saskvaĉon

title: saskvaĉon


text: saskvaĉojn

title: saskvaĉojn


text:
User talk:Jakec

Aa
Perhaps you meant aa? Wiktionary is case-sensitive, so Aa and aa are given as separate entries. --EncycloPetey (talk) 18:29, 11 April 2013 (UTC)

 * Erm, oops. I'm still really new here. Silly of me... King jakob c 2 (talk) 00:22, 13 April 2013 (UTC)

 * We all start learning somewhere. :) --EncycloPetey (talk) 01:27, 13 April 2013 (UTC)

welcome
Welcome!

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Again, welcome! --EncycloPetey (talk) 01:27, 13 April 2013 (UTC)

grawlix
We don’t remove redlinks. — Ungoliant (Falai) 22:49, 13 August 2013 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jakec


text: éreis

title: éreis


text: fôramos

title: fôramos


text: fôreis

title: fôreis


text: sereis

title: sereis


text: seríeis

title: seríeis


text: sejas

title: sejas


text: sejamos

title: sejamos


text: sejais

title: sejais


text: sejam

title: sejam


text: fôssemos

title: fôssemos


text: fôsseis

title: fôsseis


text: sabida

title: sabida


text: sabidos

title: sabidos


text: sabidas

title: sabidas


text:
op prijs stellen

Verb

 * 1)  to appreciate be grateful for

title: op prijs stellen


text:
appreciëren

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Verb

 * 1)  to appreciate

title: appreciëren


text:
transitie

Noun

 * 1) transition

title: transitie


text:
specificker

Etymology 1
, originally a, used by (1755–1843).

Noun

 * 1)  A homoeopathic practitioner who sought to ascertain the aetiologies of diseases, focusing on the symptoms most regularly associated with their  (to the exclusion of  and occasional symptoms), and who, for their treatment, selected remedies (administered in more-or-less undiluted form) on the basis of their general  effects, ignoring  and side-effects.
 * 2) * 1847, J.J. Drysdale, J.R. Russell, and R.E. Dudgeon (editors), The British Journal of Homœopathy V, № xxi, “Dr. G. Schmid’s Homœopathic Treatment with Undiluted Medicines”, pages 257–258, editors’ preamble:
 * Those who arrogate to themselves the appellation of orthodox Hahnemannians have travelled far away, under the guidance of Gross, into the mystic regions of the 200th, 800th, and 10,000th dilutions, while the section, by the former styled specifickers, have gradually descended to the lowest numerals in the scale of dilutions until they have attained their ultima Thule in the Schmidian tinctures and first triturations.
 * 1) * 1852–3, Robert Ellis Dudgeon, Lectures on the Theory and Practice of Homœopathy (1854), lecture III: “On Specific Medicine, and Attempts at a Theory of Cure”, page 54:
 * Those who have been derisively termed specifickers by their opponents…usually arrogate to themselves the title of pures or Hahnemannians. Some difference there must be between the specifickers and the pures…[although it] does not, I believe, consist in any want of that spirit of individualization so necessary for the selection of the appropriate drug on the part of the so-called specifickers, but rather that they endeavour more than their rivals to bring the light of modern pathology to bear on the investigation of the morbid case, and seek to refer, when possible the array of symptoms to the derangement of some particular organ or system.
 * 1) * 1863, J.J. Drysdale, R.E. Dudgeon, and R. Hughes (editors), The British Journal of Homœopathy XXI, № lxxxv, “Review: Wilson, Cockburn, and Cameron on Hempel”, page 467:
 * The more the specificker relies on the merely general action of the drug (often, indeed, partly ascertained ab usu in morbis), the more he approaches to the allopathists, who will, ere long, equal him or even surpass him.
 * 1) * 1865 June, Hugh Cameron (spoken participant), “On the Chemical Treatment of Disease” in Annals and Transactions of the British Homœopathic Society, and of the London Homœopathic Hospital IV (1866), № xxi, page 232:
 * It is true that there were in Germany, at that time, numbers of eminent physicians who differed greatly from Hahnemann on the question of the dose (for they administered the mother tinctures); whom he disowned, and designated “specifickers,” in terms of contempt and indignation.
 * 1) * 1865 July, J.J. Drysdale, R.E. Dudgeon, and R. Hughes (editors), The British Journal of Homœopathy XXIII, № xciii, “Review: Treatment of Rheumatism, Epilepsy, and Fever, by Dr. J. R. Russell”, page 472:
 * They are…very similar to the practical observations of those of our school who draw the indications of the medicine mainly from clinical experience, guided by the more general physiological action of the medicines, i.e., those called specifickers by the more complete homœopathists, who keep in view the finer shades of the pathogenesis.
 * 1) * 1869, Carl Müller, “Peccavi! Vel Peccavi?” in the American Homœopathic Observer VI, page 270:
 * Before Prof. M. and “we” were in our teens, even while in our squares (diaper, you know), a certain set styled themselves disciples of pure homœopathy and derided all who differed with them as “Specifickers.”
 * 1) * 1869, Carl Müller, “Peccavi! Vel Peccavi?” in the American Homœopathic Observer VI, page 270:
 * Before Prof. M. and “we” were in our teens, even while in our squares (diaper, you know), a certain set styled themselves disciples of pure homœopathy and derided all who differed with them as “Specifickers.”

Translations

 * German: Spezifiker

Etymology 2
Formed as.

title: specificker


text:
devex

Etymology
, from.

Adjective

 * 1) Bending down; sloping.

title: devex


text: Specificker

title: Specificker


text: Specifickers

title: Specifickers


text: specifickers

title: specifickers


text: exulcerated

title: exulcerated


text:
chafingly

Adverb

 * 1) In a way that chafes.

title: chafingly


title: User:Mzajac/temp4


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/Revert at lemur

Your bot keeps reverting my edits at lemur. See. When I try to edit, for some reason I keep getting "ref-no-references" warning, though I am clearly using refs. The same is also happening at Lemur: see. Can you fix this, please.


text: cestracionts

title: cestracionts


text:
goatflesh

Noun

 * 1) The flesh of a goat used as food.

title: goatflesh


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/Revert at lemur/reply

That's not a bot. The reverts are valid because you are placing information where it doesn't belong. ref-no-references means that you have used reference tags, but haven't placed on the page.


text:
cage d'escalier

Noun

 * 1) stairwell

title: cage d'escalier


text: cages d'escalier

title: cages d'escalier


text:
niaiser

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to kid
 * 2)  to act foolishly

title: niaiser


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/Revert at lemur/reply (2)

Look more closely at those edits. There is a references section at the bottom of the page with . Maybe the software only recognizes a lower-case "r".


text: consubstantiated

title: consubstantiated


text:
Template:U:hu:onta

 * (distributive-temporal suffix) It is used only with temporal expressions. Variants:
 *  is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
 *  is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
 *  is added to unrounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
 *  is added to rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
 *  is added to unrounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
 *  is added to rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
 *  is added to rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant

title: Template:U:hu:onta


text: Category:Hungarian adverb-forming suffixes


text:
nyaranta

Adverb

 * 1) every summer

title: nyaranta


text:
őszönte

Adverb

 * 1) every autumn, every fall

title: őszönte


text:
Template:U:hu:inf-nunk

 * The conjugated infinitive denotes action connected to the person. The non-conjugated infinitive has a general meaning:
 * Variants:
 *  is added to back-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to front-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to back-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to front-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to front-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to back-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to front-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to back-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to front-vowel words that form their infinitive with
 *  is added to front-vowel words that form their infinitive with

title: Template:U:hu:inf-nunk


text:
pliat noeud

Noun

 * 1)  reef knot

title: pliat noeud


text: pliats noeuds

title: pliats noeuds


text:
downcastness

Noun

 * 1) The quality of being downcast.

title: downcastness


text:
downcastly

Adverb

 * 1) In a downcast manner.

title: downcastly


text:
rohannunk

Verb

 * Rohannunk kell. - We have to run.
 * Rohannunk kell. - We have to run.

title: rohannunk


text:
noeud couothant

Noun

 * 1)  slip knot

title: noeud couothant


text: noeuds couothants

title: noeuds couothants


text: főznünk

title: főznünk


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/Revert at lemur/reply (3)

Yes, Wiktionary is case sensitive.


text: tanítanunk

title: tanítanunk


text:
noeud d'pendard

Noun

 * 1)  hangman's noose

title: noeud d'pendard


text: noeuds d'pendard

title: noeuds d'pendard


text:
veszítenünk

Verb

 * Súlyt kell veszítenünk. - We have to lose weight.
 * Súlyt kell veszítenünk. - We have to lose weight.

title: veszítenünk


text:
noeud d'têtchiéthe

Noun

 * 1)  cow hitch

title: noeud d'têtchiéthe


text:
noeud d'ridgage

Noun

 * 1)  shroud knot

title: noeud d'ridgage


text: Category:gv:Golf

title: Category:gv:Golf


text: noeuds d'têtchiéthe

title: noeuds d'têtchiéthe


text: Category:gv:Ball games

title: Category:gv:Ball games


text: noeuds d'ridgage

title: noeuds d'ridgage


text:
letreiro

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) sign, signage
 * 2) notice, label
 * 3) billboard, placard

title: letreiro


text: Category:mhn:Landforms

title: Category:mhn:Landforms


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/Revert at lemur/reply (4)

Very odd... the template worked, but the Wiki software didn't catch the redirect. I'll keep that in mind for the future. I wish I could remember which help page or dictionary entry I copied that code from.


text:
noeud en tchu d'poulain

Noun

 * 1)  granny knot

title: noeud en tchu d'poulain


text: noeuds en tchu d'poulain

title: noeuds en tchu d'poulain


text:
leveza

Noun

 * 1) lightness, weightlessness
 * 2) levity

title: leveza


text: Category:pt:Canals

title: Category:pt:Canals


text: Category:ca:Nazism

title: Category:ca:Nazism


text: liderarmos

title: liderarmos


text: liderardes

title: liderardes


text: liderarem

title: liderarem


text: Category:egy:Education

title: Category:egy:Education


text: liderados

title: liderados


text: liderada

title: liderada


text: lideradas

title: lideradas


text: liderais

title: liderais


text: lideram

title: lideram


text: liderava

title: liderava


text: lideravas

title: lideravas


text: liderávamos

title: liderávamos


text: lideráveis

title: lideráveis


text: lideravam

title: lideravam


text: liderei

title: liderei


text: liderou

title: liderou


text: liderámos

title: liderámos


text: liderastes

title: liderastes


text: lideraram

title: lideraram


text: Category:te:Telecommunications

title: Category:te:Telecommunications


text: lideráreis

title: lideráreis


text: liderarei

title: liderarei


text: liderarão

title: liderarão


text: lideraria

title: lideraria


text: liderarias

title: liderarias


text: lideraríeis

title: lideraríeis


text: liderariam

title: liderariam


text: Category:lmo:Dairy products

title: Category:lmo:Dairy products


text: lidereis

title: lidereis


text: liderem

title: liderem


text: liderasse

title: liderasse


text: liderasses

title: liderasses


text: liderássemos

title: liderássemos


text: liderásseis

title: liderásseis


text: liderassem

title: liderassem


text: liderai

title: liderai


text:
lixiviação

Noun

 * 1) lixiviation, leaching

title: lixiviação


text:
dêcaûchi ses grîns

Verb

 * 1)  to unsheathe its claws, extend its claws

title: dêcaûchi ses grîns


text: Category:ga:Nonverbal communication

title: Category:ga:Nonverbal communication


text: Category:ky:Europe

title: Category:ky:Europe


text: Category:ba:Law

title: Category:ba:Law


text: Category:cu:Wine

title: Category:cu:Wine


text:
caractéthistique

Etymology
From, from , from.

Adjective

 * 1)  characteristic

title: caractéthistique


text: lâminas

title: lâminas


text: caractéthistiques

title: caractéthistiques


text:
User:Mzajac/temp5

Anchor 1

Anchor 2

title: User:Mzajac/temp5


text: Category:otk:List of related-to categories


text: Category:otk:All topics

title: Category:otk:All topics


text:
maleabilidade

Noun

 * 1) malleability

title: maleabilidade


text:
manutenção

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) maintenance

title: manutenção


text: Category:sl:Spain

title: Category:sl:Spain


text: Category:frm:Wine

title: Category:frm:Wine


text: Category:ast:Holidays

title: Category:ast:Holidays


text:
marinha

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) navy
 * 2) marine
 * 3) seascape

title: marinha


text: prepregs

title: prepregs


text:
medicação

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) medication

title: medicação


text: Category:km:Beverages

title: Category:km:Beverages


text: Category:km:Liquids

title: Category:km:Liquids


text: Category:km:Matter

title: Category:km:Matter


text:
metaloide

Noun

 * 1) metalloid

Noun

 * 1) metaloid

title: metaloide


text: Category:nn:Musical genres

title: Category:nn:Musical genres


text: Category:nn:Genres

title: Category:nn:Genres


text: metalóide

title: metalóide


text: Category:fo:Nuts

title: Category:fo:Nuts


text:
noeud d'bôlinne

Noun

 * 1)  bowline

title: noeud d'bôlinne


text: Category:sa:Surgery

title: Category:sa:Surgery


text: Category:nia:Bodily fluids

title: Category:nia:Bodily fluids


text:
micrograma

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) microgram

title: micrograma


text: noeuds d'bôlinne

title: noeuds d'bôlinne


text: Category:nia:Liquids

title: Category:nia:Liquids


text: Category:nia:Matter

title: Category:nia:Matter


text: bôlinnes

title: bôlinnes


text:
mineralização

Noun

 * 1) mineralization

title: mineralização


text:
noeud d'ièrrîn

Noun

 * 1)  manrope knot
 * 2)  rope ladder

title: noeud d'ièrrîn


text: noeuds d'ièrrîn

title: noeuds d'ièrrîn


text:
minoritário

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) minority

title: minoritário


text:
noeud d'goulet d'boutelle

Noun

 * 1)  bottle sling

title: noeud d'goulet d'boutelle


text: noeuds d'goulet d'boutelle

title: noeuds d'goulet d'boutelle


text:
nouvieau cidre

Noun

 * 1)  cider must

title: nouvieau cidre


text: nouvieaux cidres

title: nouvieaux cidres


text:
nettisseux dé f'nêtres

Noun

 * 1)  window cleaner

title: nettisseux dé f'nêtres


text: f'nêtres

title: f'nêtres


text: Neuchâté

title: Neuchâté


text:
ouadgîn dé dêpannage

Noun

 * 1)  tow truck, breakdown lorry

title: ouadgîn dé dêpannage


text: ouadgîns dé dêpannage

title: ouadgîns dé dêpannage


text: buckers

title: buckers


text: atrophins

title: atrophins


text: atrophodermas

title: atrophodermas


text:
㝜

Definitions

 * 1)  night
 * 2) dark
 * 3) darkness
 * 4) of death
 * 5) mourn
 * 6) lose
 * 7) to be deprived of

title: 㝜


text:
㝝

Definitions

 * 1) deep, profound
 * 2) far
 * 3) extremely

title: 㝝


text: maculed

title: maculed


text: maculing

title: maculing


text: mackling

title: mackling


text:
㝞

Definitions

 * 1) pretend to be delicate and beautiful
 * 2) to hang
 * 3) to be hanged
 * 4) to be in suspension
 * 5) unfounded

title: 㝞


text:
ouadgîn à tés

Noun

 * 1)  garbage truck, refuse lorry

title: ouadgîn à tés


text: ouadgîns à tés

title: ouadgîns à tés


text:
㝟

Han character

 * 1) (corrupted form) in contravention of
 * 2) offend
 * 3) (same as 冒) incautious
 * 4) to risk
 * 5) to put forth

title: 㝟


text:
ouvriyi

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1)  worker

title: ouvriyi


text: ouvrièrs

title: ouvrièrs


text:
ôsaine dé d'vant

Noun

 * 1)  front windshield

title: ôsaine dé d'vant


text:
ôsaine dé driéthe

Noun

 * 1)  rear windshield

title: ôsaine dé driéthe


text: ôsaines

title: ôsaines


text: ôsaines dé d'vant

title: ôsaines dé d'vant


text: ôsaines dé driéthe

title: ôsaines dé driéthe


text:
㝠

Han character

 * 1) (same as 冥) dark
 * 2) obscure
 * 3) dim
 * 4) stupidity
 * 5) far and high
 * 6) deep, profound
 * 7) night

title: 㝠


text:
orientâtion sexuelle

Noun

 * 1)  sexual orientation

title: orientâtion sexuelle


text: orientations sexuelles

title: orientations sexuelles


text: orientâtions sexuelles

title: orientâtions sexuelles