text:
Module:category tree/poscatboiler/data/terms by etymology

local m_str_utils = require("Module:string utilities")

local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} local handlers = {} local raw_handlers = {}

- --                                                                        -- --                                  LABELS                                 -- --                                                                        -- -

labels["terms by etymology"] = { description = " terms categorized by their etymologies.", umbrella_parents = "Fundamental", parents = , }

labels["AABB-type reduplications"] = { description = " terms that underwent reduplication in an AABB pattern.", breadcrumb = "AABB-type", parents = {"reduplications"}, }

labels["apophonic reduplications"] = { description = " terms that underwent reduplication with only a change in a vowel sound.", breadcrumb = "apophonic", parents = {"reduplications"}, }

labels["back-formations"] = { description = " terms formed by reversing a supposed regular formation, removing part of an older term.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["blends"] = { description = " terms formed by combinations of other words.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["borrowed terms"] = { description = " terms that are loanwords, i.e. terms that were directly incorporated from another language.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["catachreses"] = { description = " terms derived from misuses or misapplications of other terms.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["coinages"] = { description = " terms coined by an identifiable person, organization or other such entity.", parents = {"terms attributed to a specific source"}, umbrella_parents = {name = "terms attributed to a specific source", is_label = true, sort = " "}, }

labels["coordinated pairs"] = { description = "Terms in consisting of a pair of terms joined by a coordinating conjunction.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["coordinated triples"] = { description = "Terms in consisting of three terms joined by one or more coordinating conjunctions.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["coordinated quadruples"] = { description = "Terms in consisting of four terms joined by one or more coordinating conjunctions.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["coordinated quintuples"] = { description = "Terms in consisting of five terms joined by one or more coordinating conjunctions.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["denominals"] = { description = " terms derived from a noun.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["deverbals"] = { description = " terms derived from a verb.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["doublets"] = { description = " terms that trace their etymology from ultimately the same source as other terms in the same language, but by different routes, and often with subtly or substantially different meanings.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["elongated forms"] = { description = " terms where one or more letters or sounds is repeated for emphasis or effect.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["eponyms"] = { description = " terms derived from names of real or fictitious people.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["genericized trademarks"] = { description = " terms that originate from trademarks, brands and company names which have become genericized; that is, fallen into common usage in the target market's vernacular, even when referring to other competing brands.", parents = {"terms by etymology", "trademarks"}, }

labels["ghost words"] = { description = " terms that were originally erroneous or fictitious, published in a reference work as if they were genuine as a result of typographical error, misreading, or misinterpretation, or as fictitious entries, jokes, or hoaxes.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["haplological words"] = { description = " words that underwent haplology: thus, their origin involved a loss or omission of a repeated sequence of sounds.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["homophonic translations"] = { description = " terms that were borrowed by matching the etymon phonetically, without regard for the sense; compare phono-semantic matching and Hobson-Jobson.", parents = {"terms by etymology"} }

labels["hybridisms"] = { description = " terms formed by elements of different linguistic origins.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["inherited terms"] = { description = " terms that were inherited from an earlier stage of the language.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["internationalisms"] = { description = " loanwords which also exist in many other languages with the same or similar etymology.", additional = "Terms should be here preferably only if the immediate source language is not known for certain. Entries are added into this category by Template:internationalism; see it for more information.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["legal doublets"] = { description = " legal doublets – a legal doublet is a standardized phrase commonly use in legal documents, proceedings etc. which includes two words that are near synonyms.", parents = {"coordinated pairs"}, }

labels["legal triplets"] = { description = " legal triplets – a legal triplet is a standardized phrase commonly use in legal documents, proceedings etc which includes three words that are near synonyms.", parents = {"coordinated triples"}, }

labels["merisms"] = { description = " merisms – terms that are coordinates that, combined, are a synonym for a totality.", parents = {"coordinated pairs"}, }

labels["metonyms"] = { description = " terms whose origin involves calling a thing or concept not by its own name, but by the name of something intimately associated with that thing or concept.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["neologisms"] = { description = " terms that have been only recently acknowledged.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["nonce terms"] = { description = " terms that have been invented for a single occasion.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["numeronyms"] = { description = " terms that contain numerals.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["onomatopoeias"] = { description = " terms that were coined to sound like what they represent.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["piecewise doublets"] = { description = " terms that are piecewise doublets.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

for _, ism_and_langname in ipairs({	{"anglicisms", "English"},	{"Arabisms", "Arabic"},	{"Gallicisms", "French"},	{"Germanisms", "German"},	{"Hispanisms", "Spanish"},	{"Italianisms", "Italian"},	{"Latinisms", "Latin"},	{"Japonisms", "Japanese"}, }) do	local ism, langname = unpack(ism_and_langname) labels["pseudo-" .. ism] = { description = " terms that appear to be " .. langname .. ", but are not used or have an unrelated meaning in " .. langname .. " itself.", parents = {"pseudo-loans"}, umbrella_parents = {name = "pseudo-loans", is_label = true, sort = " "}, } end

labels["rebracketings"] = { description = " terms that have interacted with another word in such a way that the boundary between the words has been modified.", parents = {"terms by etymology"} }

labels["reconstructed terms"] = { description = " terms that are not directly attested, but have been reconstructed through other evidence.", parents = {"terms by etymology"} }

labels["reduplicated coordinated pairs"] = { description = " reduplicated coordinated pairs.", breadcrumb = "reduplicated", parents = {"coordinated pairs", "reduplications"}, }

labels["reduplicated coordinated triples"] = { description = " reduplicated coordinated triples.", breadcrumb = "reduplicated", parents = {"coordinated triples", "reduplications"}, }

labels["reduplicated coordinated quadruples"] = { description = " reduplicated coordinated quadruples.", breadcrumb = "reduplicated", parents = {"coordinated quadruples", "reduplications"}, }

labels["reduplicated coordinated quintuples"] = { description = " reduplicated coordinated quintuples.", breadcrumb = "reduplicated", parents = {"coordinated quintuples", "reduplications"}, }

labels["reduplications"] = { description = " terms that underwent reduplication, so their origin involved a repetition of roots or stems.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["retronyms"] = { description = " terms that serve as new unique names for older objects or concepts whose previous names became ambiguous.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["roots"] = { description = "Basic morphemes from which words are formed.", parents = {"morphemes"}, }

labels["roots by shape"] = { description = " roots categorized by their shape.", breadcrumb = "by shape", parents = , }

labels["Sanskritic formations"] = { description = " terms coined from tatsama words and/or affixes.", parents = {"terms by etymology", "terms derived from Sanskrit"}, }

labels["sound-symbolic terms"] = { description = " terms that use to express ideas but which are not necessarily strictly speaking onomatopoeic.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["spelled-out initialisms"] = { description = " initialisms in which the letter names are spelled out.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["spelling pronunciations"] = { description = " terms whose pronunciation was historically or presently affected by their spelling.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["spoonerisms"] = { description = " terms in which the initial sounds of component parts have been exchanged, as in \"crook and nanny\" for \"nook and cranny\".", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["taxonomic eponyms"] = { description = " terms derived from names of real or fictitious people, used for taxonomy.", parents = {"eponyms"}, }

labels["terms attributed to a specific source"] = { description = " terms coined by an identifiable person or deriving from a known work.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["terms containing fossilized case endings"] = { description = " terms which preserve case morphology which is no longer analyzable within the contemporary grammatical system or which has been entirely lost from the language.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["terms derived from area codes"] = { description = " terms derived from area codes.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["terms derived from the shape of letters"] = { description = " terms derived from the shape of letters. This can include terms derived from the shape of any letter in any alphabet.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["terms by root"] = { description = " terms categorized by the root they originate from.", parents = {"terms by etymology", {name = "roots", sort = " "}}, }

labels["terms derived from fiction"] = { description = " terms that originate from works of fiction.", breadcrumb = "fiction", parents = , }

for _, data in ipairs { {source="Dickensian works", desc="the works of Charles Dickens", topic_parent="Charles Dickens"}, {source="DC Comics", desc="DC Comics"}, {source="Doraemon", desc="Fujiko F. Fujio's Doraemon", displaytitle="Doraemon"}, {source="Dragon Ball", desc="Akira Toriyama's Dragon Ball", displaytitle="Dragon Ball"}, {source="Duckburg and Mouseton", desc="Disney's Duckburg and Mouseton universe", topic_parent="Disney"}, {source="Futurama", desc="the animated television series ", displaytitle = "Futurama"}, {source="Harry Potter", desc="the Harry Potter series", displaytitle="Harry Potter", topic_parent="Harry Potter"}, {source="Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies", desc="' and/or ', by ", displaytitle = "Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies"}, {source="Nineteen Eighty-Four", desc="George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four", displaytitle="Nineteen Eighty-Four"}, {source="Seinfeld", desc="the American television sitcom  (1989–1998)", displaytitle="Seinfeld"}, {source="South Park", desc="the animated television series South Park", displaytitle="South Park"}, {source="Star Trek", desc="Star Trek", displaytitle="Star Trek", topic_parent="Star Trek"}, {source="Star Wars", desc="Star Wars", displaytitle="Star Wars", topic_parent="Star Wars"}, {source="The Simpsons", desc="The Simpsons", displaytitle="The Simpsons", topic_parent="The Simpsons", sort="Simpsons"}, {source="Tolkien's legendarium", desc="the legendarium of J. R. R. Tolkien", topic_parent="J. R. R. Tolkien"}, } do	local parents = local umbrella_parents = {"Terms by etymology subcategories by language"} if data.topic_parent then table.insert(parents, {module = "topic cat", args = {label = data.topic_parent, code = ""}}) table.insert(umbrella_parents, {module = "topic cat", args = {label = data.topic_parent}}) end labels["terms derived from " .. data.source] = { description = " terms that originate from " .. data.desc .. ".",		breadcrumb = data.displaytitle or data.source, parents = parents, umbrella = { parents = umbrella_parents, displaytitle = data.displaytitle and "Terms derived from " .. data.displaytitle .. " by language" or nil, breadcrumb = data.displaytitle and "Terms derived from " .. data.displaytitle, },		displaytitle = data.displaytitle and " terms derived from " .. data.displaytitle or nil, } end

labels["terms derived from Greek mythology"] = { description = " terms derived from Greek mythology which have acquired an idiomatic meaning.", breadcrumb = "Greek mythology", parents = , }

labels["terms derived from occupations"] = { description = " terms derived from names of occupations.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["terms derived from other languages"] = { description = " terms that originate from other languages.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["terms derived from the Bible"] = { description = " terms that originate from the Bible.", breadcrumb = {name = "the Bible", nocap = true}, parents = , }

labels["terms derived from Aesop's Fables"] = { description = " terms that originate from Aesop's Fables.", breadcrumb = "Aesop's Fables", parents = , }

labels["terms derived from toponyms"] = { description = " terms derived from names of real or fictitious places.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["terms derived through romanized wordplay"] = { description = " terms derived through romanized wordplay.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["terms making reference to character shapes"] = { description = " terms making reference to character shapes.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["terms derived from sports"] = { description = " terms that originate from sports.", breadcrumb = "sports", parents = , }

labels["terms derived from baseball"] = { description = " terms that originate from baseball.", breadcrumb = "baseball", parents = , }

labels["terms with Indo-Aryan extensions"] = { description = " terms extended with particular Indo-Aryan pleonastic affixes.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["terms with lemma and non-lemma form etymologies"] = { description = " terms consisting of both a lemma and non-lemma form, of different origins.", breadcrumb = "lemma and non-lemma form", parents = {"terms with multiple etymologies"}, }

labels["terms with multiple etymologies"] = { description = " terms that are derived from multiple origins.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["terms with multiple lemma etymologies"] = { description = " lemmas that are derived from multiple origins.", breadcrumb = "multiple lemmas", parents = {"terms with multiple etymologies"}, }

labels["terms with multiple non-lemma form etymologies"] = { description = " non-lemma forms that are derived from multiple origins.", breadcrumb = "multiple non-lemma forms", parents = {"terms with multiple etymologies"}, }

labels["terms with unknown etymologies"] = { description = " terms whose etymologies have not yet been established.", parents = , }

labels["univerbations"] = { description = " terms that result from the agglutination of two or more words.", parents = {"terms by etymology"}, }

labels["words derived through metathesis"] = { description = " words that were created through metathesis from another word.", parents = , }

-- Add 'umbrella_parents' key if not already present. for key, data in pairs(labels) do -- NOTE: umbrella.parents overrides umbrella_parents if both are given. if not data.umbrella_parents then data.umbrella_parents = "Terms by etymology subcategories by language" end end

- --                                                                        -- --                              RAW CATEGORIES                             -- --                                                                        -- -

raw_categories["Terms by etymology subcategories by language"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to terms categorized by their etymologies, such as types of compounds or borrowings.", additional = "", parents = { "Umbrella metacategories", {name = "terms by etymology", is_label = true, sort = " "}, }, }

raw_categories["Borrowed terms subcategories by language"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to borrowed terms.", additional = "", parents = { "Umbrella metacategories", {name = "borrowed terms", is_label = true, sort = " "}, {name = "Terms by etymology subcategories by language", sort = " "}, }, }

raw_categories["Inherited terms subcategories by language"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to inherited terms.", additional = "", parents = { "Umbrella metacategories", {name = "inherited terms", is_label = true, sort = " "}, {name = "Terms by etymology subcategories by language", sort = " "}, }, }

raw_categories["Indo-Aryan extensions"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering terms extended with particular Indo-Aryan pleonastic affixes.", additional = "", parents = { "Umbrella metacategories", {name = "Terms by etymology subcategories by language", sort = " "}, }, }

raw_categories["Multiple etymology subcategories by language"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to terms with multiple etymologies.", additional = "", parents = { "Umbrella metacategories", {name = "Terms by etymology subcategories by language", sort = " "}, }, }

raw_categories["Terms borrowed back into the same language"] = { description = "Categories with terms in specific languages that were borrowed from a second language that previously borrowed the term from the first language.", additional = "A well-known example is, a term borrowed from Japanese which in turn was borrowed from the English words salary and man.\n\n", parents = "Terms by etymology subcategories by language", }

- --                                                                        -- --                                 HANDLERS                                -- --                                                                        -- -

- --- word handlers --- -

-- Handlers for 'terms derived from the SOURCE word word' must go *BEFORE* the -- more general 'terms derived from SOURCE' handler.

local function get_source_and_type_desc(source, term_type) if source:getCode == "ine-pro" and term_type:find("^words?$") then return "Proto-Indo-European " .. term_type .. "" else return "" .. source:getCanonicalName .. " " .. term_type end end

-- Handler for e.g. Category:Yola terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂el- (grow) and -- Category:Russian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *swé, and corresponding umbrella -- categories Category:Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂el- (grow) and -- Category:Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *swé. Replaces the former -- Module:category tree/PIE word cat, Module:category tree/word cat and Template:PIE word cat. table.insert(handlers, function(data)	local source_name, term_type, term_and_id = data.label:match("^terms derived from the (.+) (word) (.+)$")	if not source_name then		source_name, term_type, term_and_id = data.label:match("^terms derived from the (.+) (word) (.+)$")	end	if not source_name then		source_name, term_type, term_and_id = data.label:match("^terms derived from the (.+) (term) (.+)$")	end

if source_name then local term, id = term_and_id:match("^(.+) %((.-)%)$") term = term or term_and_id local source = require("Module:languages").getByCanonicalName(source_name, true, "allow etym langs")

local parents = { { name = "terms by " .. source_name .. " " .. term_type, sort = (source:makeSortKey(term)) } }		local umbrella_parents = { { name = "Terms derived from " .. source_name .. " " .. term_type .. "s", sort = (source:makeSortKey(term)) } }		if id then table.insert(parents, { name = "terms derived from the " .. source_name .. " " .. term_type .. " " .. term, sort = " "}) table.insert(umbrella_parents, { name = "terms derived from the " .. source_name .. " " .. term_type .. " " .. term, is_label = true, sort = " "}) end -- Italicize the word/word in the title. local function displaytitle(title, lang) return m_str_utils.plain_gsub(title, term, require("Module:script utilities").tag_text(term, source, nil, "term")) end local breadcrumb = require("Module:script utilities").tag_text(term, source, nil, "term") .. (id and " (" .. id .. ")" or "") return { description = " terms that originate ultimately from the " .. get_source_and_type_desc(source, term_type) .. " " ..				require("Module:links").full_link({ term = term, lang = source, gloss = id, id = id }, "term") .. ".",			displaytitle = displaytitle, breadcrumb = breadcrumb, parents = parents, umbrella = { no_by_language = true, displaytitle = displaytitle, breadcrumb = breadcrumb, parents = umbrella_parents, }		}	end end)

table.insert(handlers, function(data)	local labelpref, word_and_id = data.label:match("^(terms belonging to the word )(.+)$")	if word_and_id then		local word, id = word_and_id:match("^(.+) %((.-)%)$")		word = word or word_and_id

-- See if the language is Semitic. local fam = data.lang local is_semitic = false while true do			if not fam then break end if fam:getCode == "qfa-not" then -- qfa-not is "not a family" and is its own parent break end if fam:getCode == "sem" then is_semitic = true break end fam = fam:getFamily end local word_desc = is_semitic and "word" or "word" local parents = {} if id then table.insert(parents, {name = labelpref .. word, sort = id}) end table.insert(parents, {name = "terms by word", sort = word_and_id}) local separators = "־ %-" local separator_c = "[" .. separators .. "]"		local not_separator_c = "[^" .. separators .. "]"		-- remove any leading or trailing separators (e.g. in PIE-style words) local word_no_prefix_suffix = mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.gsub(word, separator_c .. "$", ""), "^" .. separator_c, "") local num_sep = mw.ustring.len(mw.ustring.gsub(word_no_prefix_suffix, not_separator_c, "")) local linked_word = data.lang and require("Module:links").full_link({ term = word, lang = data.lang, gloss = id, id = id }, "term") or word if num_sep > 0 then table.insert(parents, {name = "" .. (num_sep + 1) .. "-letter words", sort = word_and_id}) end -- Italicize the word/word in the title. local function displaytitle(title, lang) return m_str_utils.plain_gsub(title, word, require("Module:script utilities").tag_text(word, lang, nil, "term")) end local breadcrumb = require("Module:script utilities").tag_text(word, data.lang, nil, "term") .. (id and " (" .. id .. ")" or "") return { description = " terms that belong to the " .. word_desc .. " " .. linked_word .. ".",			displaytitle = displaytitle, breadcrumb = breadcrumb, parents = parents, umbrella = false, }	end end)

table.insert(handlers, function(data)	local num_letters = data.label:match("^([1-9]%d*)-letter words$")	if num_letters then		return {			description = " words with " .. num_letters .. " letters in them.",			parents = ,			umbrella_parents = "Terms by etymology subcategories by language",		}	end end)

table.insert(handlers, function(data)	local source_name = data.label:match("^terms by (.+) word$")	if source_name then		local source = require("Module:languages").getByCanonicalName(source_name, true, "allow etym langs")		local parents = {"terms by etymology"}		-- In Category:Proto-Indo-Iranian terms by Proto-Indo-Iranian word,		-- don't add parent Category:Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian.		if not data.lang or data.lang:getCode ~= source:getCode then			table.insert(parents, "terms derived from " .. source_name)		end		return {			description = " terms categorized by the " .. get_source_and_type_desc(source, "word") .. " they originate from.",			parents = parents,			umbrella_parents = "Terms by etymology subcategories by language",		}	end end)

table.insert(handlers, function(data)	local word_shape = data.label:match("^(.+)-shape words$")	if word_shape then		local description = " words with the shape " .. word_shape .. "."		local additional		if data.lang and data.lang:getCode == "ine-pro" then			additional = [=[		end		return {			description = description,			additional = additional,			breadcrumb = word_shape,			parents = ,			umbrella = false,		}	end end)
 * e stands for the vowel of the word.
 * C stands for any stop or s.
 * R stands for any resonant.
 * H stands for any laryngeal.
 * M stands for m or w, when followed by a resonant.
 * s stands for s, when next to a stop.]=]

- --- Root handlers --- -

-- Handlers for 'terms derived from the SOURCE root ROOT' must go *BEFORE* the -- more general 'terms derived from SOURCE' handler.

local function get_source_and_type_desc(source, term_type) if source:getCode == "ine-pro" and term_type:find("^roots?$") then return "Proto-Indo-European " .. term_type .. "" else return "" .. source:getCanonicalName .. " " .. term_type end end

-- Handler for e.g. Category:Yola terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow) and -- Category:Russian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *swé, and corresponding umbrella -- categories Category:Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow) and -- Category:Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *swé. Replaces the former -- Module:category tree/PIE root cat, Module:category tree/root cat and Template:PIE word cat. table.insert(handlers, function(data)	local source_name, term_type, term_and_id = data.label:match("^terms derived from the (.+) (root) (.+)$")	if not source_name then		source_name, term_type, term_and_id = data.label:match("^terms derived from the (.+) (word) (.+)$")	end	if not source_name then		source_name, term_type, term_and_id = data.label:match("^terms derived from the (.+) (term) (.+)$")	end

if source_name then local term, id = term_and_id:match("^(.+) %((.-)%)$") term = term or term_and_id local source = require("Module:languages").getByCanonicalName(source_name, true, "allow etym langs")

local parents = { { name = "terms by " .. source_name .. " " .. term_type, sort = (source:makeSortKey(term)) } }		local umbrella_parents = { { name = "Terms derived from " .. source_name .. " " .. term_type .. "s", sort = (source:makeSortKey(term)) } }		if id then table.insert(parents, { name = "terms derived from the " .. source_name .. " " .. term_type .. " " .. term, sort = " "}) table.insert(umbrella_parents, { name = "terms derived from the " .. source_name .. " " .. term_type .. " " .. term, is_label = true, sort = " "}) end -- Italicize the root/word in the title. local function displaytitle(title, lang) return m_str_utils.plain_gsub(title, term, require("Module:script utilities").tag_text(term, source, nil, "term")) end local breadcrumb = require("Module:script utilities").tag_text(term, source, nil, "term") .. (id and " (" .. id .. ")" or "") return { description = " terms that originate ultimately from the " .. get_source_and_type_desc(source, term_type) .. " " ..				require("Module:links").full_link({ term = term, lang = source, gloss = id, id = id }, "term") .. ".",			displaytitle = displaytitle, breadcrumb = breadcrumb, parents = parents, umbrella = { no_by_language = true, displaytitle = displaytitle, breadcrumb = breadcrumb, parents = umbrella_parents, }		}	end end)

table.insert(handlers, function(data)	local labelpref, root_and_id = data.label:match("^(terms belonging to the root )(.+)$")	if root_and_id then		local root, id = root_and_id:match("^(.+) %((.-)%)$")		root = root or root_and_id

-- See if the language is Semitic. local fam = data.lang local is_semitic = false while true do			if not fam then break end if fam:getCode == "qfa-not" then -- qfa-not is "not a family" and is its own parent break end if fam:getCode == "sem" then is_semitic = true break end fam = fam:getFamily end local root_desc = is_semitic and "root" or "root" local parents = {} if id then table.insert(parents, {name = labelpref .. root, sort = id}) end table.insert(parents, {name = "terms by root", sort = root_and_id}) local separators = "־ %-" local separator_c = "[" .. separators .. "]"		local not_separator_c = "[^" .. separators .. "]"		-- remove any leading or trailing separators (e.g. in PIE-style roots) local root_no_prefix_suffix = mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.gsub(root, separator_c .. "$", ""), "^" .. separator_c, "") local num_sep = mw.ustring.len(mw.ustring.gsub(root_no_prefix_suffix, not_separator_c, "")) local linked_root = data.lang and require("Module:links").full_link({ term = root, lang = data.lang, gloss = id, id = id }, "term") or root if num_sep > 0 then table.insert(parents, {name = "" .. (num_sep + 1) .. "-letter roots", sort = root_and_id}) end -- Italicize the root/word in the title. local function displaytitle(title, lang) return m_str_utils.plain_gsub(title, root, require("Module:script utilities").tag_text(root, lang, nil, "term")) end local breadcrumb = require("Module:script utilities").tag_text(root, data.lang, nil, "term") .. (id and " (" .. id .. ")" or "") return { description = " terms that belong to the " .. root_desc .. " " .. linked_root .. ".",			displaytitle = displaytitle, breadcrumb = breadcrumb, parents = parents, umbrella = false, }	end end)

table.insert(handlers, function(data)	local num_letters = data.label:match("^([1-9]%d*)-letter roots$")	if num_letters then		return {			description = " roots with " .. num_letters .. " letters in them.",			parents = ,			umbrella_parents = "Terms by etymology subcategories by language",		}	end end)

table.insert(handlers, function(data)	local source_name = data.label:match("^terms by (.+) root$")	if source_name then		local source = require("Module:languages").getByCanonicalName(source_name, true, "allow etym langs")		local parents = {"terms by etymology"}		-- In Category:Proto-Indo-Iranian terms by Proto-Indo-Iranian root,		-- don't add parent Category:Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian.		if not data.lang or data.lang:getCode ~= source:getCode then			table.insert(parents, "terms derived from " .. source_name)		end		return {			description = " terms categorized by the " .. get_source_and_type_desc(source, "root") .. " they originate from.",			parents = parents,			umbrella_parents = "Terms by etymology subcategories by language",		}	end end)

table.insert(handlers, function(data)	local root_shape = data.label:match("^(.+)-shape roots$")	if root_shape then		local description = " roots with the shape " .. root_shape .. "."		local additional		if data.lang and data.lang:getCode == "ine-pro" then			additional = [=[		end		return {			description = description,			additional = additional,			breadcrumb = root_shape,			parents = ,			umbrella = false,		}	end end)
 * e stands for the vowel of the root.
 * C stands for any stop or s.
 * R stands for any resonant.
 * H stands for any laryngeal.
 * M stands for m or w, when followed by a resonant.
 * s stands for s, when next to a stop.]=]

- Derived/inherited/borrowed handlers -

-- Handler for categories of the form "LANG terms derived from SOURCE", where SOURCE is a language, etymology language -- or family (e.g. "Indo-European languages"), along with corresponding umbrella categories of the form -- "Terms derived from SOURCE". table.insert(handlers, function(data)	local source_name = data.label:match("^terms derived from (.+)$")	if source_name then		-- FIXME, should we allow 'terms derived from taxonomic names' when mul-tax has canonical name		-- 'taxonomic name'? This is equivalent to what Module:category tree/derived cat did.		-- Maybe fix mul-tax instead.		local source = require("Module:languages").getByCanonicalName(source_name, true, "allow etym langs", "allow families")		local source_desc = source:makeCategoryLink

-- Compute description. local desc = " terms that originate from " .. source_desc .. "."		local additional if source:hasType("family") then additional = "This category should, ideally, contain only other categories. Entries can be categorized here, too, when the proper subcategory is unclear. " .. "If you know the exact language from which an entry categorized here is derived, please edit its respective entry." end

-- Compute parents. local derived_from_variety_of_self = false local parent local sortkey = source:getDisplayForm if source:hasType("etymology-only") then -- By default, `parent` is the source's parent. parent = source:getParent -- Check if the source is a variety (or subvariety) of the language. if data.lang and source:hasParent(data.lang) then derived_from_variety_of_self = true end -- If the language is the direct parent of the source or the parent is "und", then we use the family of the source as `parent` instead. if data.lang and (parent:getCode == data.lang:getCode or parent:getCode == "und") then parent = source:getFamily end -- Regular language or family. else local fam = source:getFamily if fam then parent = fam end end -- If `parent` does not exist, is the same as `source`, or would be "isolate languages" or "not a family", then we discard it. if (not parent) or parent:getCode == source:getCode or parent:getCode == "qfa-iso" or parent:getCode == "qfa-not" then parent = nil derived_from_variety_of_self = false -- Otherwise, get the display form. else parent = parent:getDisplayForm end parent = parent and "terms derived from " .. parent or "terms derived from other languages" local parents = if derived_from_variety_of_self then table.insert(parents, "Category:Categories for terms in a language derived from a term in a subvariety of that language") end

-- Compute umbrella parents. local cat_name = source:getCategoryName -- If the source is etymology-only, its category will be handled by the dialect handler in -- Module:category tree/poscatboiler/data/language varieties. If it has a nonstandard name like 'Kölsch' -- (i.e. not a name like 'American English' that has a language name in it), the dialect handler won't handle -- it unless we tell it to do so through the following call; this is an optimization to avoid expensive -- processing work on all manner of randomly named categories. if source:hasType("etymology-only") then require("Module:category tree/poscatboiler/data/language varieties").export.register_likely_dialect_parent_cat(cat_name) end local umbrella_parents = { source:hasType("family") and {name = cat_name, raw = true, sort = " "} or			{name = cat_name, raw = true, sort = "terms derived from"} }

return { description = desc, additional = additional, breadcrumb = source_name, parents = parents, umbrella = { no_by_language = true, description = "Categories with terms that originate from " .. source_desc .. ".",				parents = umbrella_parents, },		}	end end)

local function get_source_and_source_desc(source_name) local source = require("Module:languages").getByCanonicalName(source_name, true, "allow etym langs", "allow families") local source_desc = source:makeCategoryLink if source:hasType("family") then source_desc = "unknown " .. source_desc end return source, source_desc end

-- Handler for categories of the form "LANG terms inherited/borrowed from SOURCE", where SOURCE is a language, -- etymology language or family (e.g. "Indo-European languages"). Also handles umbrella categories of the form -- "Terms inherited/borrowed from SOURCE". local function inherited_borrowed_handler(etymtype) return function(data) local source_name = data.label:match("^terms " .. etymtype .. " from (.+)$") if source_name then local source, source_desc = get_source_and_source_desc(source_name) return { description = " terms " .. etymtype .. " from " .. source_desc .. ".",				breadcrumb = source_name, parents = { { name = etymtype .. " terms", sort = source_name }, { name = "terms derived from " .. source_name, sort = " "}, },				umbrella = { no_by_language = true, parents = { { name = "terms derived from " .. source_name, is_label = true, sort = " " }, etymtype == "inherited" and { name = "Inherited terms subcategories by language", sort = source_name } -- There are several types of borrowings mixed into the following holding category, -- so keep these ones sorted under 'Terms borrowed from SOURCE_NAME' instead of just -- 'SOURCE_NAME'. or "Borrowed terms subcategories by language", }				},			}		end end end

table.insert(handlers, inherited_borrowed_handler("borrowed")) table.insert(handlers, inherited_borrowed_handler("inherited"))

- Borrowing subtype handlers - -

local function borrowing_subtype_handler(dest, source_name, parent_cat, desc, categorizing_templates, no_by_language) local source, source_desc = get_source_and_source_desc(source_name) local extra_templates = {} local extra_template_text for i, template in ipairs(categorizing_templates) do		if i > 1 then table.insert(extra_templates, ("..."):format(template)) end end if #extra_templates > 0 then extra_template_text = (" (or %s, using the same syntax)"):format(			require("Module:table").serialCommaJoin(extra_templates, {conj = "or"})) else extra_template_text = "" end local additional, umbrella_additional if dest then additional = ("To categorize a term into this category, use %s%s, " ..			"where  is the source-language term that the term in question was " ..			"borrowed from."):format(categorizing_templates[1], dest:getCode, source:getCode, extra_template_text) else umbrella_additional = ("To categorize a term into a language-specific subcategory, use " ..			"destcode%s, where  is " ..			"the language code of the language in question (see List of languages), and " ..			"  is the source-language term that the term in question was " ..			"borrowed from."):format(categorizing_templates[1], source:getCode, extra_template_text) end

return { description = " " .. desc:gsub("SOURCE", source_desc), additional = additional, breadcrumb = source_name, parents = { { name = parent_cat, sort = source_name }, { name = "terms borrowed from " .. source_name, sort = " " }, },		umbrella = { no_by_language = no_by_language, additional = umbrella_additional, parents = { { name = "terms borrowed from " .. source_name, is_label = true, sort = " " }, "Borrowed terms subcategories by language", }		},	} end

-- Specs describing types of borrowings. -- `from_source_desc` is the English description used in categories of the form "LANGUAGE BORTYPE from SOURCE", --   e.g. "Arabic semantic loans from English". "SOURCE" in the description is replaced by the source language. -- `umbrella_desc` is the English description used in categories of the form "LANGUAGE BORTYPE", e.g. --   "Arabic semantic loans". This is an umbrella category grouping all the source-language-specific categories. -- `uses_subtype_handler`, if true, means that the handler for "LANGUAGE BORTYPE from SOURCE" categories is --   implemented by a generic "TYPE borrowings" handler (at the bottom of this section), so we don't need to --    create a BORTYPE-specific handler. -- `umbrella_parent`, if given, is the parent category of the umbrella categories of the form "LANGUAGE BORTYPE". --   By default it is "borrowed terms". Some borrowing types replace this with "terms by etymology". (FIXME: --   Review whether this is correct.) -- `label_pattern`, if given, is a Lua pattern that matches the category name minus the language at the beginning. --   It should have one capture, which is the source language. An example is "^terms partially calqued from (.+)$". --   If omitted, it is generated from BORTYPE. -- `no_by_language`, if true, means that the umbrella category grouping borrowings of the appropriate type from a --   specific source language is named "BORTYPE from SOURCE" in place of "BORTYPE from SOURCE by language" --   (e.g. "Semantic loans from English" in place of "Semantic loans from English by language"). -- local borrowing_specs = { ["learned borrowings"] = { from_source_desc = "terms that are learned loanwords from SOURCE, that is, terms that were directly incorporated from SOURCE instead of through normal language contact.", umbrella_desc = "terms that are learned loanwords, that is, terms that were directly incorporated from another language instead of through normal language contact.", uses_subtype_handler = true, categorizing_templates = {"lbor", "learned borrowing"}, },	["semi-learned borrowings"] = { from_source_desc = "terms that are semi-learned loanwords from SOURCE, that is, terms borrowed from SOURCE (a classical language) into the target language (a modern language) and partly reshaped based on later sound changes or by analogy with inherited terms in the language.", umbrella_desc = "terms that are semi-learned loanwords, that is, terms borrowed from a classical language into a modern language and partly reshaped based on later sound changes or by analogy with inherited terms in the language.", uses_subtype_handler = true, categorizing_templates = {"slbor", "semi-learned borrowing"}, },	["orthographic borrowings"]	= { from_source_desc = "orthographic loans from SOURCE, i.e. terms that were borrowed from SOURCE in their script forms, not their pronunciations.", umbrella_desc = "orthographic loans, i.e. terms that were borrowed in their script forms, not their pronunciations.", uses_subtype_handler = true, categorizing_templates = {"obor", "orthographic borrowing"}, },	["unadapted borrowings"] = { from_source_desc = "loanwords from SOURCE that have not been conformed to the morpho-syntactic, phonological and/or phonotactical rules of the target language.", umbrella_desc = "loanwords that have not been conformed to the morpho-syntactic, phonological and/or phonotactical rules of the target language.", uses_subtype_handler = true, categorizing_templates = {"ubor", "unadapted borrowing"}, },	["semantic loans"] = { from_source_desc = "semantic loans from SOURCE, i.e. terms one or more of whose definitions was borrowed from a term in SOURCE.", umbrella_desc = "semantic loans, i.e. terms one or more of whose definitions was borrowed from a term in another language.", umbrella_parent = "terms by etymology", no_by_language = true, categorizing_templates = {"sl", "semantic loan"}, },	["partial calques"] = { from_source_desc = "terms that were partially calqued from SOURCE, i.e. terms formed partly by piece-by-piece translations of SOURCE terms and partly by direct borrowing.", umbrella_desc = "partial calques, i.e. terms formed partly by piece-by-piece translations of terms from other languages and partly by direct borrowing.", umbrella_parent = "terms by etymology", label_pattern = "^terms partially calqued from (.+)$", no_by_language = true, categorizing_templates = {"pcal", "pclq", "partial calque"}, },	["calques"] = { from_source_desc = "terms that were calqued from SOURCE, i.e. terms formed by piece-by-piece translations of SOURCE terms.", umbrella_desc = "calques, i.e. terms formed by piece-by-piece translations of terms from other languages.", umbrella_parent = "terms by etymology", label_pattern = "^terms calqued from (.+)$", no_by_language = true, categorizing_templates = {"cal", "clq", "calque"}, },	["phono-semantic matchings"] = { from_source_desc = "phono-semantic matchings from SOURCE, i.e. terms that were borrowed by matching the etymon phonetically and semantically.", umbrella_desc = "phono-semantic matchings, i.e. terms that were borrowed by matching the etymon phonetically and semantically.", no_by_language = true, categorizing_templates = {"psm", "phono-semantic matching"}, },	["pseudo-loans"] = { from_source_desc = "pseudo-loans from SOURCE, i.e. terms that appear to be SOURCE, but are not used or have an unrelated meaning in SOURCE itself.", umbrella_desc = "pseudo-loans, i.e. terms that appear to be derived from another language, but are not used or have an unrelated meaning in that language itself.", categorizing_templates = {"pl", "pseudo-loan"}, }, }

for bortype, spec in pairs(borrowing_specs) do	labels[bortype] = { description = " " .. spec.umbrella_desc, parents = {spec.umbrella_parent or "borrowed terms"}, umbrella_parents = "Terms by etymology subcategories by language", }	if not spec.uses_subtype_handler then -- If the label pattern isn't specifically given, generate it from the `bortype`; but make sure to -- escape hyphens in the pattern. local label_pattern = spec.label_pattern or "^" .. m_str_utils.pattern_escape(bortype) .. " from (.+)$" table.insert(handlers, function(data)			local source_name = data.label:match(label_pattern)			if source_name then				return borrowing_subtype_handler(data.lang, source_name, bortype, spec.from_source_desc, spec.categorizing_templates, spec.no_by_language)			end		end) end end

table.insert(handlers, function(data)	local borrowing_type, source_name = data.label:match("^(.+ borrowings) from (.+)$")	if borrowing_type then		local spec = borrowing_specs[borrowing_type]		return borrowing_subtype_handler(data.lang, source_name, borrowing_type, spec.from_source_desc, spec.categorizing_templates, false)	end end)

- -- Indo-Aryan extension handlers -

table.insert(handlers, function(data)	local labelpref, extension = data.label:match("^(terms extended with Indo%-Aryan )(.+)$")	if extension then		local lang_inc_ash = require("Module:languages").getByCode("inc-ash")		local linked_term = require("Module:links").full_link({lang = lang_inc_ash, term = extension}, "term")		local tagged_term = require("Module:script utilities").tag_text(extension, lang_inc_ash, nil, "term")		return {			description = " terms extended with the Indo-Aryan pleonastic affix " .. linked_term .. ".",			displaytitle = " " .. labelpref .. tagged_term,			breadcrumb = tagged_term,			parents = ,			umbrella = {				no_by_language = true,				parents = "Indo-Aryan extensions",				displaytitle = "Terms extended with Indo-Aryan " .. tagged_term,			}		}	end end)

- Coined-by handlers - -

table.insert(handlers, function(data)	local coiner = data.label:match("^terms coined by (.+)$")	if coiner then		-- Sort by last name per request from User:Metaknowledge		local last_name = coiner:match(".* ([^ ]+)$")		return {			description = " terms coined by " .. coiner .. ".",			breadcrumb = coiner,			parents = ,			umbrella = false,		}	end end)

- Multiple etymology handlers -

table.insert(handlers, function(data)	local pos = data.label:match("^terms with multiple (.+) etymologies$")	if pos and pos ~= "lemma" and pos ~= "non-lemma form" then		local plpos = require("Module:string utilities").pluralize(pos)		local postype = require("Module:headword").pos_lemma_or_nonlemma(plpos, "guess")		return {			description = " " .. plpos .. " that are derived from multiple origins.",			umbrella_parents = "Multiple etymology subcategories by language",			breadcrumb = "multiple " .. plpos,			parents = ,		}	end end)

table.insert(handlers, function(data)	local pos1, pos2 = data.label:match("^terms with (.+) and (.+) etymologies$")	if pos1 and pos1 ~= "lemma" and pos2 ~= "non-lemma form" then		local m_strutil = require("Module:string utilities")		local m_headword = require("Module:headword")		local plpos1 = m_strutil.pluralize(pos1)		local plpos2 = m_strutil.pluralize(pos2)		local pos1type = m_headword.pos_lemma_or_nonlemma(plpos1, "guess")		local pos2type = m_headword.pos_lemma_or_nonlemma(plpos2, "guess")		local a_pos1 = m_strutil.add_indefinite_article(pos1)		local a_pos2 = m_strutil.add_indefinite_article(pos2)		return {			description = " terms consisting of " .. a_pos1 .." of one origin and " ..				a_pos2 .. " of a different origin.",			umbrella_parents = "Multiple etymology subcategories by language",			breadcrumb = pos1 .. " and " .. pos2,			parents = ,		}	end end)

- --- Borrowed-back handlers -- -

-- Handler for categories of the form e.g. Category:English terms borrowed back into English. We need to use a handler -- because the category's language occurs inside the label itself. For the same reason, the umbrella category has a -- nonstandard name "Terms borrowed back into the same language", so we handle it as a regular parent and disable the -- built-in umbrella mechanism. table.insert(handlers, function(data)	local right_side_lang = data.label:match("^terms borrowed back into (.+)$")	if data.lang and right_side_lang == data.lang:getCanonicalName then		return {			description = " terms that were borrowed from another language that originally borrowed the term from .",			parents = {"terms by etymology", "borrowed terms",				{name = "Terms borrowed back into the same language", raw = true, sort = ""}			},			umbrella = false, -- Umbrella has a nonstandard name so we treat it as a raw category		}	end end)

- --                                                                        -- --                                RAW HANDLERS                             -- --                                                                        -- -

-- Handler for umbrella metacategories of the form e.g. Category:Terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian roots -- and Category:Terms derived from Proto-Indo-European words. Replaces the former -- Module:category tree/PIE root cat, Module:category tree/root cat and Template:PIE word cat. table.insert(raw_handlers, function(data)	local source_name, terms_type = data.category:match("^Terms derived from (.+) (roots)$")	if not source_name then		source_name, terms_type = data.category:match("^Terms derived from (.+) (words)$")	end	if not source_name then		source_name, terms_type = data.category:match("^Terms derived from (.+) (terms)$")	end	if source_name then		local source = require("Module:languages").getByCanonicalName(source_name, true, "allow etym langs")

return { description = "Umbrella categories covering terms derived from particular " .. get_source_and_type_desc(source, terms_type) .. ".",			additional = "", parents = { "Umbrella metacategories", { name = terms_type == "roots" and "roots" or "lemmas", is_label = true, lang = source:getCode, sort = " " }, { name = "terms derived from " .. source_name, is_label = true, sort = " " .. terms_type }, },		}	end end)

return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, HANDLERS = handlers, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers}


text:
epistigmastanol

Noun

 * 1)  An isomer of stigmastanol, 24α-ethyl-5α-cholestan-3β-ol

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: epistigmastanol


text:
Cracovien

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Cracovian resident or native of Cracow

title: Cracovien


text: Category:English terms by etymology

title: Category:English terms by etymology


text: Category:Terms by etymology by language

title: Category:Terms by etymology by language


text: krafta

title: krafta


text:
foldscope

Noun

 * 1) A microscope or similar optical instrument made by origami-like folding of a single piece of card (plus one or more lenses)

title: foldscope


text:
glucoincretin

Noun

 * 1)  Any of a class of peptide hormones derived from preproglucagon

title: glucoincretin


text: glucoincretins

title: glucoincretins


text:
Tobacco mosaic virus

Hypernyms

 * - order; - family;  - genus

title: Tobacco mosaic virus


text:
špacirštok

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) walking cane

title: špacirštok


text:
шпациршток

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) walking cane

title: шпациршток


text:
glucolipotoxicity

Noun

 * 1) toxicity to β-cells due to the deleterious effects of elevated glucose and fatty acid levels

Related terms

 * glucolipotoxic

title: glucolipotoxicity


text:
špandle

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  splinters

title: špandle


text:
шпандле

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  splinters

title: шпандле


text:
španung

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  state of anxiety, stress

title: španung


text:
шпанунг

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  state of anxiety, stress

title: шпанунг


text:
španga

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  brooch
 * 2)  A penal measure for disobedience in the Austro-Hungarian empire consisting of tying hands and feet together.
 * 3)  A medieval torture device.

title: španga


text:
шпанга

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  brooch
 * 2)  a penal measure for disobedience in the Austro-Hungarian empire consisting of tying hands and feet together
 * 3)  a medieval torture device

title: шпанга


text:
španijel

Etymology
, from, from.

Noun

 * 1) spaniel

title: španijel


text:
шпанијел

Etymology
, from, from.

Noun

 * 1) spaniel

title: шпанијел


text:
šparhet

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  oven, stove

title: šparhet


text:
шпархет

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  oven, stove

title: шпархет


text:
шпецерај

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1)  groceries

title: шпецерај


text:
špedicija

Etymology
, from, from.

Noun

 * 1) company dealing in transportation of goods
 * 2) transportation of goods

title: špedicija


text:
шпедиција

Noun

 * 1) haulage, transportation of goods
 * 2) haulier, company which transports goods

Etymology
, from, from.

Noun

 * 1) company dealing in transportation of goods
 * 2) transportation of goods

title: шпедиција


text:
šparkasa

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  piggy bank

title: šparkasa


text:
шпаркаса

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  piggy bank

title: шпаркаса


text:
šparmajstor

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  A very frugal person.

title: šparmajstor


text:
шпармајстор

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  A very frugal person.

title: шпармајстор


text:
šparoga

Etymology

 * compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) asparagus

title: šparoga


text:
шпарога

Etymology

 * compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) asparagus

title: шпарога


text:
šparta

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  line

title: šparta


text:
шпарта

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  line

title: шпарта


text:
ichnofamily

Noun

 * 1)  Any family known only from trace fossils, such as footprints, coprolites or nests.

title: ichnofamily


text:
ichnospecies

Etymology
, suggesting an analogy with the species level of the taxonomy of organisms.

Noun

 * 1)  A level of taxonomical classification of trace fossils.
 * 2) * 2017 March 22, Elsa Panciroli, The Guardian, Walking in the footsteps of giants and gerbils: what fossil prints can tell us:
 * A recent paper by a team from Brazil described a new ichnospecies of these tracks: Brasilichnium saltatorium.
 * 1) * 2017 March 22, Elsa Panciroli, The Guardian, Walking in the footsteps of giants and gerbils: what fossil prints can tell us:
 * A recent paper by a team from Brazil described a new ichnospecies of these tracks: Brasilichnium saltatorium.

Usage notes

 * Generally, only two levels of taxonomic classification of trace fossils are used: ichnogenus and ichnospecies. Higher levels have been used by some authors, but their usefulness is disputed.
 * The classification ichnospecies plays no part in the taxonomy of organisms. The connection is one of analogy: ichnospecies is to ichnogenus as species is to genus.
 * Nevertheless, given a trace fossil of an ichnospecies known to be produced by only a limited number of organism species, it may be possible to deduce which species produced it. More generally, the description of an ichnospecies reveals aspects of the behaviour of the species that produced it.

Translations

 * French:
 * German:
 * Italian: icnospecie

title: ichnospecies


text:
шпанцирати

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to walk, stroll
 * 2)  to idle, loiter

title: шпанцирати


text:
ichnotaxonomy

Noun

 * 1)  The branch of taxonomy that attempts to classify an animal based on its footprints, burrows, or other traces
 * 2) The taxonomy of ichnofossils

title: ichnotaxonomy


text:
шпанати

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to hitch
 * 2)  to tighten
 * 3)  to play soccer

title: шпанати


text:
шпарати

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to save store for future use
 * 2)  to save, economize

title: шпарати


text:
šprih

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  shot small metal balls used as ammunition

title: šprih


text:
шприх

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  shot small metal balls used as ammunition

title: шприх


text: lamnoids

title: lamnoids


text:
šprengati

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to bomb, nuke, blow up

title: šprengati


text:
шпренгати

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to bomb, nuke, blow up

title: шпренгати


text:
Thread:User talk:Kephir/"this-and-that user acts purely on their whim and is evil"/reply (3)

Some people here do not hold easily gameable policies in much regard. If you cannot act reasonably without a written policy explicitly telling you to do that, you are not going to have an easy time here.

Unnecessary maintenance burden is a harm. Not a big harm, it has to be weighted against other harms, but it is a harm nevertheless. We keep that in mind without necessarily repeating it every time.

So I guess you want to keep turning every debate into a combat, shouting "keep because this user is evil" until it becomes so embarrassing to yourself that we have no choice but to expel you. So be it. Thought that kind of flies in the face of regarding time as a precious resource, right?

End of topic.


text:
artoindonesianin

Noun

 * 1)  Any of a class of organic compounds derived from  species.

title: artoindonesianin


text: krefter

title: krefter


text:
Wiktionary talk:Frequency lists/Dutch wordlist

Numbers probably inaccurate
Some of the editors have stated that they adjusted the counts. Not clear whether others did so. So the counts may not be accurate. The edits have removed lots of entries, so I adjusted the "number of words" accordingly.伟思礼 (talk) 04:52, 16 October 2020 (UTC)

Cleanup

 * "Lk" is not a Dutch word. The first letter is in fact a capitalized "i". → Added its frequency number to the number of "ik" (first-person singular).
 * Same for the non-existing word "lemand" → "iemand".
 * If the first letter of "één" is capitalized, it's written "Eén" (without the first accent). → Added the frequency numbers of "eén" and "één", and moved the word to its new, higher position in the list.
 * "Oke" is a misspelling of "oké". → Added the frequency numbers of "oke" and "oké", and moved the word to its new, higher position in the list.
 * "Dr" is not a word, but an abbreviation of "doctor". → Added a dot, "dr."
 * Changed "mw" (abbreviation for "maatschappelijk werk" ("social work")) to the more likely "mw." ("Mrs").
 * "John(ny)", "Harry", "Charlie", "Donald", "Diane", "Flynn", "Jane", "Claire", "Michael", "Mike", "Max", "Will(y)", "Christian", "Christopher", "Alex(ander)", "Ray(mond)", ""Bill(y)", "Sarah", "Jim(my)", "Phil", "Vanessa", "Amy", "George", "David", "Ruth", "Charles", "Christine", "Julian", "Jordan", "Eddie", "Paul(ie)", "Tina", "Sam", "San" and "York" are (parts of) names. → Removed from list.
 * "Sir", "Mr", "Ms" and "Mrs" are English words. Dutch subtitlers tend to not translate these forms of address. → Removed from list. (The same goes for "Miss", but since this word is used in Dutch for winners of beauty contests as well, I'm not sure if I should remove it.)
 * "The", "dude" and "new" are English words. → Removed from list.
 * "Peter" ("godfather"), "mark" ("mark"), "chris" (a kind of gymnastic skill), "daisy" (a kind of biscuit) and "joe" ("yah", "yup") are in fact Dutch words. But they're fairly unusual and therefore there's no doubt in my mind that these are actually names. → Removed from list.
 * Capitalized "Engeland", "Londen", "Parijs", "Mexico", "Amerika", "Amerikanen", "Amerikaan", "Amerikaans", "Amerikaanse", "Nederlandse", "Duitsland", "Duits", "Frankrijk", "Spanje", "CIA" and "FBI".
 * This is all the time I have. --Caudex Rax ツ (talk) 16:27, 26 July 2014 (UTC)

 * Although is technically the plural of  (twee ais = two exclamations of disappointment or pain) and  is A♯, I'm pretty confident that in the subtitles it originally was aIs:  with a capital I instead of a lowercase l.
 * ‘Ian’, ‘Abby’, ‘Jean’, ‘Julia’, ‘Stark’, ‘Rita’, ‘Bella’, ‘Bell’, ‘El’, ‘Ellen’, ‘Ed’, ‘Ron’, ‘Blake’, ‘Zack’, ‘Dick’, ‘Mickey’, ‘Mikey’, ‘Ted’, ‘Lee’, ‘Stan’, ‘Ford’, ‘Stone’, ‘Evan’, ‘Kane’, ‘Zoe’, ‘Luke’, ‘Dale’, ‘Kate’, ‘Julie’, ‘Nate’, ‘Tim’, ‘Francis’, ‘Franklin’, ‘Frankie’, ‘Anna’, ‘Anne’, ‘Annie’, ‘Ann’, ‘Vic’, ‘Eve’, ‘Fred’, ‘Kong’, ‘Lane’, ‘Grace’, ‘Green’, ‘Grand’, ‘Booth’, ‘Seth’, ‘Ali’, ‘Lois’, ‘Mia’, ‘Kim’, ‘Walt’, ‘Walter’, ‘Alan’, ‘Lex’, ‘Eli’, ‘Pam’, ‘Homer’, ‘Brad’, ‘Steve’, ‘Leo’, ‘Leon’, ‘Leonard’, ‘Marie’, ‘Vince’, ‘Vincent’, ‘Hall’, ‘Carl’, ‘Carol’, ‘Pearl’, ‘River’, ‘Omar’, ‘Rex’, ‘Andrew’, ‘Anderson’, ‘Andy’, ‘Sandy’, ‘Randy’, ‘Miranda’, ‘Amanda’, ‘Tyler’, ‘Miller’, ‘Tom’, ‘Thomas’, ‘Daniël’, ‘Dana’ ‘Bart’, ‘Albert’, ‘Robert’, ‘Martha’, ‘Arthur’, ‘Chuck’, ‘Dave’, ‘Eric’, ‘Henry’, ‘Jake’, ‘Jerry’, ‘Jones’, ‘Kevin’, ‘Martin’, ‘Marty’, ‘Mary’, ‘Scott’, ‘William’, ‘Williams’, ‘Rachel’, ‘Bobby’, ‘Roy’, ‘Troy’, ‘Doug’, ‘Brown’, ‘Jay’, ‘Tony’, ‘Anton’, ‘Nick’, ‘Nicky’, ‘Nicole’, ‘Rock’, ‘Rocky’, ‘House’, ‘Rick’, ‘Ricky’, ‘Patrick’, ‘Richard’, ‘Richie’, ‘Rico’, ‘Samantha’, ‘Carter’, ‘Jackson’, ‘Hank’, ‘Cameron’, ‘Mitchell’, ‘Jack’, ‘O'Neill’, ‘Jonas’, ‘Quinn’, ‘Teal'c’, ‘Jennifer’, ‘Rodney’, ‘Elizabeth’, ‘Chloe’, ‘Nicholas’, ‘Matthew’, ‘Wallace’, ‘Young’, ‘Jackie’, ‘Jacob’, ‘Jamie’, ‘Michelle’, ‘Neil’, ‘Jonathan’, ‘Joey’, ‘Johnson’, ‘Jenny’, ‘Lisa’, ‘Matt’, ‘Ryan’, ‘Larry’, ‘Emily’, ‘Lucy’, ‘Kelly’, ‘Kyle’, ‘Taylor’, ‘Barry’, ‘Terry’, ‘Wayne’, ‘Gary’, ‘Lily’, ‘Sally’, ‘Harvey’, ‘Molly’, ‘Jersey’, ‘Teddy’, ‘Penny’, ‘Betty’, ‘Nancy’, ‘Sammy’, ‘Ashley’, ‘Fox’, ‘Dexter’, ‘Dylan’, ‘Kenny’, ‘Sonny’, ‘Freddy’, ‘Tracy’, ‘Anthony’, ‘Wendy’, ‘Barney’, ‘Maya’, ‘Stanley’, ‘Casey’, ‘Jeremy’, ‘Lenny’, ‘Benny’, ‘Manny’, ‘Percy’, ‘Murphy’, ‘Cindy’, ‘Clay’, ‘Audrey’, ‘Riley’, ‘Scully’, ‘Peyton’, ‘Haley’, ‘Cody’, ‘Phoenix’, ‘Felix’, ‘Guy’, ‘Jeffrey’, ‘Wesley’, ‘Scylla’, ‘Kennedy’, ‘Brian’, ‘Lawrence’, ‘Lucas’, ‘Sara’, ‘Margaret’, ‘Maria’, ‘Liz’, ‘Hannah’, ‘Samuel’, ‘Barnes’, ‘Elena’, ‘Benjamin’, ‘Norman’, ‘Gus’, ‘Allison’, ‘Nelson’, ‘Ross’, ‘Barbara’, ‘Catherine’, ‘Katherine’, ‘Katie’, ‘Laura’, ‘Lauren’, ‘Brooke’, ‘Smith’, ‘White’, ‘Buddy Holly’, ‘Beverly’, ‘Bailey’, ‘Bud’, ‘Jeff’, ‘Noah’, ‘Shaw’, ‘Bob’, ‘Bruce’, ‘Chase’, ‘Heather’, ‘Harold’, ‘Harris’, ‘Hector’, ‘Howard’, ‘Beth’, ‘Joseph’, ‘Josh’, ‘Keith’, ‘Mitch’, ‘Ralph’, ‘Carlos’, ‘Caroline’, ‘Carrie’, ‘Karen’, ‘Oscar’, ‘Picard’, ‘Susan’, ‘Sue’, ‘Bauer’, ‘Eva’, ‘Emma’, ‘Louis’, ‘Lou’, ‘Lewis’, ‘Owen’ and ‘Baker’ are names and, going by Caudex's standard, don't belong on the list.
 * Jeans are (tantum plurale) or.
 * The (plural ) exists as an old unit of measurement, but it's nearly extinct. No way it would rank higher than . Also, ‘El’ is used as a part of names, Spanish ones in particular.
 * I think the abbreviation would have gotten split into e and d.
 * ‘Mickey’ could be part of (probably entered Dutch in the 20th C., always used in full) but I think it wouldn't make the top 5k.
 * I'm pretty sure ‘Ford’ doesn't refer to the car brand, since other car brands, some of which are much more common, aren't represented in the list.
 * A is also an old British unit of measurement, but I wouldn't expect it to make the top 5k.
 * Technically the verb form exists, but it's a mostly pre-1950 suffix on a probably post-1950 verb. Similarly,  exists, but I cannot imagine it being common in subtitles.
 * A is a small franc coin, I don't consider that likely to make the list.
 * The word meaning  is rare. It could also be a golf term, but the absence of  and other golf terms makes this unlikely in my opinion.
 * A grand is called a in Dutch.
 * The word means horizon, but I wouldn't expect it to make this list.
 * The word means ‘is on a rolling boil’ but that certainly wouldn't be in the top 5k.
 * There is the combination, but ‘bain’ didn't make the list, so yeah.
 * The word also occurs in the combinations  and  but ‘fame’ and ‘shame’ aren't on the list, or in the sense of the meeting room in a hotel, but that's even rarer. I think here it's either a surname or part of the name of a locality, building, room, &c., such as the Hall of the Dutch Senate or Albert Hall.
 * The word (Christmas song) is really rare and I wouldn't expect to see it here.
 * There's actually a Pearl River, but I don't think combining these gives a sensible ranking. I expected this to be part of Pearl Harbor, but even ‘harbor’ isn't on the list, so I suspect most occurrences are just personal names.
 * An is someone who is hard to convince of things or someone who is in the eyes of a Christian a faithless person. A  is a British soldier.
 * The rare word is used for a variety of wildly different kinds of bread and confectionery containing almonds.
 * A British constable is called a, but I imagine the name will overshadow it here.
 * A is an almost forgotten word for a narrow wooden beam.
 * The word is really rare, although it has recently entered Belgium's societal energy discussion. Apart from that though, you'll likely never encounter it.
 * A is also someone's handle on the internet.
 * Although is a musical genre, other common genres are absent, except for  which I suspect is mostly used as a name, or possibly as part of a toponym, here. If it were used as a musical genre you'd also expect ‘roll’ to show up in the list as part of the word.
 * The nowadays rare word is a slur for a very rich person.
 * A is a jacket though. I didn't really know what to do, so in the end I decided to deduct about 2k from the frequency to try to account for the name ‘Jack’, but this is a really rough guesstimate. Why o why did the author remove all caps? Yeah, I know he gives a reason, but the reason sucks.
 * The word is also a form of the verb.
 * A phoenix is a.
 * A is also a kind of knitted sweater, but coordinating terms aren't on the list and the word is rare.
 * A teddy is a.
 * A is also a coin, but it's rare and if used as such the plural is  and this isn't on the list even though it would be much more likely to show up.
 * The is the designated driver, and bob is also a term for a hairdo. But the name is far more common.
 * An is of course also an Academy Award. But usually it's a name.
 * An or  is also a kind of short little apron.
 * The rare word is street slang for no or not, and  are two languages with a combined total of about 1½k speakers.
 * A is a midwife's assistant or a form of the verb, to dry-nurse or to swaddle. Yeah, it's rare and antiquated. And I've got a hunch that a lot of mentions are actually part of ‘221B Baker Street’, which should be removed for the same reason we've removed all those names.
 * Although is a non-standard plural of the letter  (it's in the Green Booklet, but Language Phone states only z has two plurals) and  means, I think this is really just ls:  with a lowercase l instead of a capital I.
 * Mn is a misspelling of.
 * , and  are abbreviations.
 * ‘com’ is not a Dutch word, it's primary use is in URLs.
 * ‘By’, ‘bay’, ‘lake’, ‘east’, ‘south’, ‘hill’ and ‘street’ are English words, presumably mainly mentioned as parts of toponyms. ‘And’ is also an English word.
 * he is a misspelling of . (Note 1: the word does exist as an antonym of  but it's really rare, certainly not among the top 5k. Note 2: I think it's unlikely that he is a misspelling of  because that would run contrary to common pronunciation rules. People would use heh if they cannot use è.) Hee is an alternative spelling of hé. Hey is a misspelling of hé.
 * Although ‘mac’ could be part of ‘McDonald's’, or Macintosh, considering that similar brands like ‘Febo’, ‘Burger King’, ‘Whopper’, ‘Windows’ or ‘Microsoft’, nor the word  are even on the list, I think it's more likely just a part of a character name in almost all instances.
 * Although a is a defender, the absence of,  and  means that this is an English word, probably used as the surname ‘Back’.
 * ‘von’ is a common part of German names, not a Dutch word. ‘da’ is a common part of Romance names, not a Dutch word.
 * Although ‘on’ can be used as parts of phrases like, by itself it isn't a Dutch word. Same goes for ‘all’ in e.g. , and ‘to’ in e.g. . Same for French ‘le’ in e.g..
 * ‘for’ is English, I don't know how it ended up ranking this high in the subtitles. ‘Simply’ is also English; I think it's used a lot in names for shows. ‘Day’ is used mostly as part of, and the like, but separately they wouldn't have made this list.
 * ‘boo’ is puzzling. If it were a misspelling of, you'd expect that to be on the list as well. I think it's probably the name ‘Boo’.
 * Em is a misspelling of . It could also be an abbreviation, but I don't consider that likely. What is worrying though is that  should have been on the list. I strongly suspect the original creator of the list filtered out all single letters. If it hadn't been, maybe it might have had a frequency value of 200k, maybe even 600k or more... which would give it a ballpark ranking of 130 to 50 or so. Compared to that, the contribution of ‘em’ is not significant; we can only accept that a very common word is missing from this list.
 * Uh and euh are misspellings of.
 * Capitalised, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and.
 * 5829 ‘San’'s are still unaccounted for, assuming Francisco as a personal name is rare enough not to make the list.
 * 8058 ‘New’'s are still unaccounted for, assuming the city York doesn't occur often enough to make the list.
 * The abbreviation exists, but it's somewhat rare in comparison and I would expect to find it less in subtitles.
 * is a form of . And I'm fuzzy on this, but I also think in tennis a service is a let if the ball touched the net or if the opponent wasn't ready. Not a common term outside of tennis though.
 * An is a forgotten unit of measure of about 1½ gram.
 * I didn't capitalise (Chinese food, Chinese restaurant) and  (to eat Chinese / to chase the dragon) because I've got a hunch that the lower case meanings are more common.
 * There are other named beaches, such as the ones in Normandy, but Miami Beach is the most famous by far.
 * I expect to be a suffix occurring in combinations like 442ste regiment.
 * Since ‘versa’ is missing, is probably a prefix.
 * I think in subtitles ‘no’ is almost always used in the combination, rather than as the abbreviation
 * Although is a word, it's ultra-rare. I'm sure this was  before the original uploader ‘cleaned’ the list. Compare other drinks in the list and their frequencies.
 * ‘hmm’ is a misspelling of.
 * It's tempting to look at ‘Miss’ and ‘World’ and create a ‘Miss World’ entry, but honestly I don't think it would rank that high. I think it's more likely that ‘Miss’ is part of character names like ‘Miss Marple’ and that ‘World’ ranks so high mostly because it's part of so many film titles. If you look at the frequency of ‘Frodo’ (2720) you can see how even a single series can skew the statistics. I'm removing both entries.
 * ln is a misspelling of with a lowercase l instead of a capital I.
 * ‘nlondertitels’ is a subtitle website. ‘Suurtje’ is a prolific subber.
 * Although is a verb form, I think the creator of this list split all hyphenated words, which means that this was part of the word  before the butchering. The word  also exists, but it's much rarer.
 * Perhaps somewhat optimistically combined ‘earl’ and ‘grey’ into . It's possible both terms are sometimes used in names, but I'd expect it to be tea fairly often. Please compare its ranking with tea and other drinks and decide for yourself whether this makes some sense or not. In any case, this still leaves 305 ‘earl’s unaccounted for.
 * Similarly, I merged, leaving 1674 ‘all’s unaccounted for. Yes, I know ‘one’ is also used in other combinations, but even for the most common ones the other parts didn't show up on this list.
 * Although (usually misspelled as ) could mean  (toxic equivalent), I think it's more likely it's a misspelling of  or part of the name of a start-up that considers itself too hip to use the spelling ‘tech’.
 * Fixed the fossilised forms, , and.
 * Because in films and on television the words and  are mostly used as curses and only rarely in the religious sense, I've removed the capitals. There's an ongoing movement in Dutch orthography to use capitals only sparingly, e.g.  is no longer capitalised, nor  in the Bible, nor personal names used as archetypes, just to name a few examples.
 * ‘se’ is part of . (Actually, there are some more combinations with se but they are rare in subtitles.)
 * I'm not sure what do do with ‘you’. It's clearly not a Dutch word and only used in English phrases, probably almost exclusively in the curse . Yet ‘fuck’ (6109) has less occurrences than ‘you’ (6554). Considering that by my sloppy estimation, ‘fuck’ is followed by ‘you’ in ¾ of all cases, that leaves about 2k ‘you’s unaccounted for.
 * and are alternative spellings of the same word. I don't think it's settled yet what the official spelling will end up being. Since it's an English loanword, let's spell it as such for now. By the way, jo is the vocative form of  in Surinam Dutch.
 * Okay is a misspelling of . Whoa is a misspelling of, not to be confused with which means ‘wow’.
 * ‘CTU’ is a fictional agency, among other things.
 * ‘Blue’ can be used in several combinations, but the most common one by far is . This still leaves 30939 ‘the’s unaccounted for.
 * is an alternative spelling alongside.
 * Although is an element,  is a double initial and  means ‘for rent’, I think we're dealing with the English ordinal suffix ‘-th’ here, which is common in film titles and addresses.
 * is a misspelling of . Interestingly, still has an x.


text:
thistle crown

Noun

 * 1)  An English gold coin of the reign of James I, worth four shillings.

title: thistle crown


text:
cardosanto

Noun

 * , a species of hardy poppy found in Mexico, with bright yellow latex.

title: cardosanto


text: kreftene

title: kreftene


text: kraftene

title: kraftene


text:
Thread:User talk:Kephir/"this-and-that user acts purely on their whim and is evil"/reply (4)

Not end of topic, buddy. If you think that I respond "keep because this user is evil", you clearly haven't looked at my contributions. In greater than 90% of the votes I make, I make no mention of the nominator. And keep in mind that I don't vote in RfDs as often as you or many other people on this project.

But you also have to consider why I think that. I have been baited and hounded by you and other editors for quite some time now. You are looking for any excuse (however tenuous) to have me indeffed. You claim I'm as bad at personalizing things as you are. But that's not true for two reasons: a) I don't comb through every single contribution you've made; and b) you are trying to get me run off this project, and I'm not trying to get you run off this project.

It's pretty clear that it is unproductive for you to interact with me. I would strongly suggest you voluntarily stop interacting with interacting with me on any level. If you don't, I WILL have to request an interaction ban.


text:
multicaulisin

Noun

 * 1) An organic compound found in the roots of.

title: multicaulisin


text: sanggenons

title: sanggenons


text: Wiktionary:Foreign Word of the Day/2014/July 27


text:
potensiell

Adjective

 * 1) potential

Adjective

 * 1) potential

title: potensiell


text:
crossbedding

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  oblique lamination of horizontal beds

title: crossbedding


text: sulphochlorinated

title: sulphochlorinated


text:
squirrel corn

Noun

 * , a herbaceous plant in the fumitory family with small yellow clustered bulblets, finely dissected leaves, and white heart-shaped flowers, native to deciduous woodland in eastern North America.

title: squirrel corn


text:
squirrel grass

Noun

 * 1) foxtail barley

title: squirrel grass


text:
foxtail barley

Noun

 * , a perennial grass with attractive inflorescences.

Translations

 * German: Mähnen-Gerste
 * Japanese: 細野毛麦
 * Polish: jęczmień grzywiasty
 * Welsh: haidd cribog

title: foxtail barley


text:
zää

Etymology
From, from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Numeral

 * 1) ten
 * 2) * 1978, and Christa Maerker, Die Schweizermacher (transcript):
 * "gsw"
 * "gsw"

- Soli…und zä sind füfzg. Dankche vil Mol.

title: zää


text:
potensielt

Adjective

 * 1)  potentially
 * 1)  potentially

title: potensielt


text: potensielle

title: potensielle


text:
nüünzg

Numeral

 * 1)  ninety

title: nüünzg


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title: Plantingian


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text:
Plantingan

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to  (born 1932), American analytic philosopher, known for his work in philosophy of religion, epistemology, metaphysics and Christian apologetics.

title: Plantingan


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title: Category:Breton terms by usage


text: Category:Khmer terms by usage

title: Category:Khmer terms by usage


text: Category:Classical Syriac terms by usage


text: Category:Swahili terms by usage

title: Category:Swahili terms by usage


text: Category:Bashkir terms by usage

title: Category:Bashkir terms by usage


text: Category:Old Armenian terms by usage

title: Category:Old Armenian terms by usage


text: Category:Manx terms by usage

title: Category:Manx terms by usage


text: Category:Bengali terms by usage

title: Category:Bengali terms by usage


text: Category:Maltese terms by usage

title: Category:Maltese terms by usage


text: Category:Hausa terms by usage

title: Category:Hausa terms by usage


text: Category:Indonesian terms by usage

title: Category:Indonesian terms by usage


text: Category:Ancient Greek terms by usage

title: Category:Ancient Greek terms by usage


text: Category:Tagalog terms by usage

title: Category:Tagalog terms by usage


text: Category:Vilamovian terms by usage

title: Category:Vilamovian terms by usage


text: Category:Low German terms by usage

title: Category:Low German terms by usage


text: Category:Navajo terms by usage

title: Category:Navajo terms by usage


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/Qualifiers in pt-noun

Why did you remove them?


text: Category:Tajik terms by usage

title: Category:Tajik terms by usage


text: Category:German Low German terms by usage


text: Category:Proto-Germanic non-lemma forms

title: Category:Proto-Germanic non-lemma forms


text: Category:Old Irish terms by usage

title: Category:Old Irish terms by usage


text: Category:Menominee numerals

title: Category:Menominee numerals


text: Category:Belarusian terms by usage

title: Category:Belarusian terms by usage


text: Category:Burmese terms by usage

title: Category:Burmese terms by usage


text: Category:Sicilian terms by usage

title: Category:Sicilian terms by usage


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/Qualifiers in pt-noun/reply

Because there is no such feature currently in Module:headword, and there is no established practice for such qualifiers.


text: Category:Asturian terms by usage

title: Category:Asturian terms by usage


text: Category:Old Norse terms by usage

title: Category:Old Norse terms by usage


text: Category:American Sign Language terms by usage


text: Category:Old French terms by usage

title: Category:Old French terms by usage


text: Category:Lao terms by usage

title: Category:Lao terms by usage


text: Category:Neapolitan terms by usage

title: Category:Neapolitan terms by usage


text: Category:Middle French terms by usage

title: Category:Middle French terms by usage


text: Category:Norman terms by usage

title: Category:Norman terms by usage


text: Category:Proto-Sino-Tibetan lemmas

title: Category:Proto-Sino-Tibetan lemmas


text: Category:Old Saxon terms by usage

title: Category:Old Saxon terms by usage


text: Category:Crimean Tatar terms by usage

title: Category:Crimean Tatar terms by usage


text: Category:Klingon lemmas

title: Category:Klingon lemmas


text: Category:Javanese terms by usage

title: Category:Javanese terms by usage


text: Category:Pashto terms by usage

title: Category:Pashto terms by usage


text: Category:Occitan terms by usage

title: Category:Occitan terms by usage


text: Category:West Frisian terms by usage

title: Category:West Frisian terms by usage


text: Category:Tok Pisin terms by usage

title: Category:Tok Pisin terms by usage


text: Category:Aromanian terms by usage

title: Category:Aromanian terms by usage


text: Category:Old English terms by usage

title: Category:Old English terms by usage


text: Category:Telugu terms by usage

title: Category:Telugu terms by usage


text: Category:Jingpho lemmas

title: Category:Jingpho lemmas


text:
span shackle

Noun

 * 1)  A large bolt driven through the forecastle deck, with a triangular shackle in the head to receive the heel of the old-fashioned fish davit.

title: span shackle


text: Category:Romansch terms by usage

title: Category:Romansch terms by usage


text: Category:Livonian terms by usage

title: Category:Livonian terms by usage


text: Category:Volapük terms by usage

title: Category:Volapük terms by usage


text: Category:Western Arrernte lemmas

title: Category:Western Arrernte lemmas


text: Category:Maori terms by usage

title: Category:Maori terms by usage


text:
span roof

Noun

 * 1) A common roof, having two slopes and one ridge, with eaves on both sides.

title: span roof


text: Category:Egyptian terms by usage

title: Category:Egyptian terms by usage


text: Category:Dharug terms by usage

title: Category:Dharug terms by usage


text: Category:Kazakh terms by usage

title: Category:Kazakh terms by usage


text: Category:Libyan Arabic terms by usage

title: Category:Libyan Arabic terms by usage


text: Category:Tatar terms by usage

title: Category:Tatar terms by usage


text: Category:Egyptian Arabic terms by usage

title: Category:Egyptian Arabic terms by usage


text: Category:Kashubian terms by usage

title: Category:Kashubian terms by usage


text: Category:Classical Nahuatl terms by usage


text: Category:Hiligaynon terms by usage

title: Category:Hiligaynon terms by usage


text: Category:Ottoman Turkish terms by usage

title: Category:Ottoman Turkish terms by usage


text:
span counter

Noun

 * 1) An old English children's game, in which one throws a counter on the ground, and another tries to hit it with his counter, or to get his counter so near it that he can span the space between them, and touch both the counters.

title: span counter


text: Category:Middle Irish terms by usage

title: Category:Middle Irish terms by usage


text: Category:Tamil terms by usage

title: Category:Tamil terms by usage


text:
tolerować

Etymology
+.

Verb

 * 1)  to tolerate
 * 2)  to tolerate each other

title: tolerować


text: Category:Marathi terms by usage

title: Category:Marathi terms by usage


text: Category:alg-pro:Body

title: Category:alg-pro:Body


text: Category:Northern Sami terms by usage

title: Category:Northern Sami terms by usage


text: Category:Old Irish mutated verbs

title: Category:Old Irish mutated verbs


text: Category:Dutch Low Saxon terms by usage

title: Category:Dutch Low Saxon terms by usage


text: Category:Rapa Nui terms by usage

title: Category:Rapa Nui terms by usage


text: Category:Limburgish terms by usage

title: Category:Limburgish terms by usage


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/Qualifiers in pt-noun/reply (2)

So add it to Module:headword or don’t use it. The template was working well before. And there is established practice for qualifiers in headword lines:, ,.


text: Category:Khakas terms by usage

title: Category:Khakas terms by usage


text: Category:Gujarati terms by usage

title: Category:Gujarati terms by usage


text: Category:Rajasthani terms by usage

title: Category:Rajasthani terms by usage


text: Category:Yurok numerals

title: Category:Yurok numerals


text: Category:Punjabi terms by usage

title: Category:Punjabi terms by usage


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/Qualifiers in pt-noun/reply (3)

Ok, I'll try to add it into the module then. It won't be too hard, but please be patient and don't revert it again. Your revert broke every Portuguese noun entry on Wiktionary.


text: Category:Betawi terms by usage

title: Category:Betawi terms by usage


text: Category:Tibetan terms by usage

title: Category:Tibetan terms by usage


text: Category:Greenlandic terms by usage

title: Category:Greenlandic terms by usage


text: Category:Proto-Algonquian pronouns

title: Category:Proto-Algonquian pronouns


text: Category:Karelian terms by usage

title: Category:Karelian terms by usage


text: Category:Venetian terms by usage

title: Category:Venetian terms by usage


text: Category:Aramaic terms by usage

title: Category:Aramaic terms by usage


text: Category:Georgian biaspectual verbs

title: Category:Georgian biaspectual verbs


text: Category:Basque terms by usage

title: Category:Basque terms by usage


text: Category:nn:Sharks

title: Category:nn:Sharks


text: Category:Sanskrit terms by usage

title: Category:Sanskrit terms by usage


text: Category:ǃXóõ terms by usage

title: Category:ǃXóõ terms by usage


text: Category:Middle English terms by usage

title: Category:Middle English terms by usage


text: Category:Pitta-Pitta lemmas

title: Category:Pitta-Pitta lemmas


text: Category:Sinhalese terms by usage

title: Category:Sinhalese terms by usage


text: Category:Middle Dutch non-lemma forms

title: Category:Middle Dutch non-lemma forms


text: Category:Malagasy terms by usage

title: Category:Malagasy terms by usage


text: Category:Wandamen lemmas

title: Category:Wandamen lemmas


text: Category:Adyghe terms by usage

title: Category:Adyghe terms by usage


text: Category:Moroccan Arabic terms by usage

title: Category:Moroccan Arabic terms by usage


text: Category:Walloon terms by usage

title: Category:Walloon terms by usage


text: Category:Azerbaijani terms by usage

title: Category:Azerbaijani terms by usage


text: Category:Ido terms by usage

title: Category:Ido terms by usage


text: Category:Haitian Creole terms by usage

title: Category:Haitian Creole terms by usage


text: Category:Fijian terms by usage

title: Category:Fijian terms by usage


text: Category:Chinese Pidgin English lemmas

title: Category:Chinese Pidgin English lemmas


text: Category:Jamaican Creole terms by usage

title: Category:Jamaican Creole terms by usage


text: Category:Amharic terms by usage

title: Category:Amharic terms by usage


text: Category:Shona terms by usage

title: Category:Shona terms by usage


text: Category:Miami terms by usage

title: Category:Miami terms by usage


text: Category:Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas

title: Category:Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas


text: Category:Emilian terms by usage

title: Category:Emilian terms by usage


text: Category:Corsican terms by usage

title: Category:Corsican terms by usage


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 較 read as かく


text: Category:Undetermined lemmas

title: Category:Undetermined lemmas


text: Category:Gullah non-lemma forms

title: Category:Gullah non-lemma forms


text: Category:Friulian noun forms

title: Category:Friulian noun forms


text: Category:Norman noun forms

title: Category:Norman noun forms


text: Category:Extremaduran noun forms

title: Category:Extremaduran noun forms


text: Category:Mohegan-Pequot terms by usage

title: Category:Mohegan-Pequot terms by usage


text: Category:Rapa Nui noun forms

title: Category:Rapa Nui noun forms


text: Category:Mi'kmaq terms derived from Proto-Algonquian


text: Category:Emilian noun forms

title: Category:Emilian noun forms


text: Category:Corsican noun forms

title: Category:Corsican noun forms


text: Category:Cherokee noun forms

title: Category:Cherokee noun forms


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 葬 read as ほうむ


text: Category:Pashto noun forms

title: Category:Pashto noun forms


text: Category:Sotho noun forms

title: Category:Sotho noun forms


text: Category:Occitan noun forms

title: Category:Occitan noun forms


text: Category:Seri terms by usage

title: Category:Seri terms by usage


text: Category:Nhanda lemmas

title: Category:Nhanda lemmas


text: Category:Ewe noun forms

title: Category:Ewe noun forms


text: Category:sog:Cities

title: Category:sog:Cities


text: Category:Maori noun forms

title: Category:Maori noun forms


text: Category:Luganda noun forms

title: Category:Luganda noun forms


text: Category:Ligurian noun forms

title: Category:Ligurian noun forms


text: Category:Cornish terms by usage

title: Category:Cornish terms by usage


text: Category:Lapine terms by usage

title: Category:Lapine terms by usage


text: Category:West Frisian noun forms

title: Category:West Frisian noun forms


text: Category:Spanish terms derived from Canadian French


text: energien

title: energien


text: Category:Tiwi terms by usage

title: Category:Tiwi terms by usage


text: Category:Somali noun forms

title: Category:Somali noun forms


text: Category:Ngawun lemmas

title: Category:Ngawun lemmas


text: Category:Spanish terms by etymology

title: Category:Spanish terms by etymology


text: Category:Romani noun forms

title: Category:Romani noun forms


text: Category:Mirandese noun forms

title: Category:Mirandese noun forms


text: Category:Menominee terms derived from Algonquian languages


text: Category:sog:Ancient Near East

title: Category:sog:Ancient Near East


text: Category:Proto-Algonquian verb forms

title: Category:Proto-Algonquian verb forms


text: Category:Egyptian noun forms

title: Category:Egyptian noun forms


text: Category:Lozi lemmas

title: Category:Lozi lemmas


text: Category:Coatlán Mixe lemmas

title: Category:Coatlán Mixe lemmas


text: Category:Yucatec Maya noun forms

title: Category:Yucatec Maya noun forms


text: Category:Central Nahuatl noun forms

title: Category:Central Nahuatl noun forms


text: Category:Kaytetye lemmas

title: Category:Kaytetye lemmas


text: Category:Welsh terms with rare senses

title: Category:Welsh terms with rare senses


text:
Fundulidae

Hypernyms

 * ; - superorder;  - series;,  - clades;  - order;  - suborder

Hyponyms

 * ,, , - genera

title: Fundulidae


text: Category:Unami terms derived from Proto-Algic


text: Category:Algonquin noun forms

title: Category:Algonquin noun forms


text:
Guinea plum

Noun

 * , a plant in the family, found in African mountains.
 * 1) The sweet edible fruit of this plant.

title: Guinea plum


text: Category:Sogdian terms derived from Classical Syriac


text: Category:Novial noun forms

title: Category:Novial noun forms


text: Category:Romagnol terms by usage

title: Category:Romagnol terms by usage


text: Category:sat:Human behaviour

title: Category:sat:Human behaviour


text:
-𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃

Etymology
From, from.

Suffix

 * 1) -er;

title: -𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃


text: Category:Libyan Arabic noun forms

title: Category:Libyan Arabic noun forms


text: Category:Yopno lemmas

title: Category:Yopno lemmas


text: Category:Central Nahuatl non-lemma forms


text: Category:Veps non-lemma forms

title: Category:Veps non-lemma forms


text: Category:Lokono lemmas

title: Category:Lokono lemmas


text: Category:Unami noun forms

title: Category:Unami noun forms


text: Category:Aleut terms by usage

title: Category:Aleut terms by usage


text: energiene

title: energiene


text: Category:Tashelhit noun forms

title: Category:Tashelhit noun forms


text:
kuwanon G

Noun

 * 1) An antimicrobial bombesin receptor antagonist, isolated from.

title: kuwanon G


text: Category:Sogdian proper nouns

title: Category:Sogdian proper nouns


text: Category:Menominee compound terms

title: Category:Menominee compound terms


text: Category:Proto-Algonquian noun forms

title: Category:Proto-Algonquian noun forms


text: Category:gv:Hygiene

title: Category:gv:Hygiene


text:
Guinea pepper

Noun

 * 1) Any of several not closely related black pepper-like spices from West Africa.
 * 2)  (grains of paradise) from the ginger family.
 * 3)   from the pepper family.
 * 4)   from the custard apple family.

title: Guinea pepper


text: Category:Umbundu lemmas

title: Category:Umbundu lemmas


text: Category:Alemannic German noun forms

title: Category:Alemannic German noun forms


text: energiar

title: energiar


text: Category:Tarantino noun forms

title: Category:Tarantino noun forms


text: Category:Proto-Takic nouns

title: Category:Proto-Takic nouns


text: Category:Proto-Takic lemmas

title: Category:Proto-Takic lemmas


text: Category:Megleno-Romanian terms by usage


text: Category:Proto-Albanian lemmas

title: Category:Proto-Albanian lemmas


text: energiane

title: energiane


text: Category:Ladino terms by usage

title: Category:Ladino terms by usage


text: Category:Yapese lemmas

title: Category:Yapese lemmas


text:
-𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃

Etymology
From, from.

title: -𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃


text: Category:Karamojong terms by usage

title: Category:Karamojong terms by usage


text: Category:Aragonese noun forms

title: Category:Aragonese noun forms


text: Category:Inupiaq noun forms

title: Category:Inupiaq noun forms


text: Category:Taos terms by usage

title: Category:Taos terms by usage


text: Category:Ottoman Turkish noun forms

title: Category:Ottoman Turkish noun forms


text: Category:Scots noun forms

title: Category:Scots noun forms


text: Category:French noun forms

title: Category:French noun forms


text: Category:Proto-Tai lemmas

title: Category:Proto-Tai lemmas


text: Category:Megleno-Romanian non-lemma forms


text: Category:Mandarin terms derived from Wu

title: Category:Mandarin terms derived from Wu


text: Category:Low German noun forms

title: Category:Low German noun forms


text: Category:Dalmatian terms by usage

title: Category:Dalmatian terms by usage


text: Category:Ladino noun forms

title: Category:Ladino noun forms


text: Category:Yagaria terms by usage

title: Category:Yagaria terms by usage


text: Category:Kadiwéu lemmas

title: Category:Kadiwéu lemmas


text: Category:Vai terms by usage

title: Category:Vai terms by usage


text:
User talk:Abgar eabe ghu

millennium
Are you sure the previous pronunciations were wrong? They were added by a native Danish speaker. — Ungoliant (falai) 18:15, 26 July 2014 (UTC)

woah, whoah
Hi. What is your basis for deciding that one is a misspelling and one is an alternative? Equinox ◑ 06:41, 2 September 2014 (UTC)

 * 'Woah' is much more commonly used than 'whoah' and they were the other way round before ('woah' was a misspelling and 'whoah' was a variant). abgar eabe ◑ 07:30, 2 September 2014 (UTC)

title: User talk:Abgar eabe ghu


text: Category:Inuktitut noun forms

title: Category:Inuktitut noun forms