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Wiktionary:Etymology scriptorium/2013/February

aleppe
A nonce term, used by Dante in the Inferno. Both my translated copies do not translate this word, and one of them explicity says in a side note that it is absolute rubbish, but the form makes me suspect rather that it is an Arabic derivation fused with the definite article al. Can anyone find a reference or a candidate? —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 23:59, 1 February 2013 (UTC)
 * In case you weren't already aware, this is discussed in Papé Satàn, papé Satàn aleppe Chuck Entz (talk) 00:35, 2 February 2013 (UTC)

cool beans
Tagged but not listed? - -sche (discuss) 19:49, 3 February 2013 (UTC)

yeah
The Middle English portion of this entry's etymology was tagged. - -sche (discuss) 19:52, 3 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I think we should delete the whole etymology which I believe to be false (unless someone can find cites to change my opinion). The first recorded usage seems to have been around 1905, when Middle English was rarely used.    D b f  i  r  s   09:38, 5 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Well, yeah's origin is as a variant of either or . The Middle English portion of the etymology traces this back through . Perhaps what's needed is the intermediary stage showing . I have added it. Leasnam (talk) 17:15, 6 February 2013 (UTC)
 * That's a big improvement. Have you any evidence that  was involved in the development of yeah?  I would think your alternative is much more likely, given the lack of early usage.    D b f  i  r  s   18:11, 6 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Some dictionaries say that it can be from either yea or yes. Granted, I do not think that yea has been used very much recently enough to substantiate that assumption, but ya/yah (regional America [Midwestern]) has. I would be more inclined to believe an informal development from a little more than from yes. Do you know where the 1905 cite is from (US, Scotland, England, Ireland)? Leasnam (talk) 20:48, 6 February 2013 (UTC)
 * The 1905 date was from "Dialect Notes" which the OED mentions, but refuses to tell me any details about. It doesn't even tell me what region the dialect came from, but I'm guessing that it refers to the American Dialect Society's publication.  The use of "yeah" seems to date back to the nineteenth century, but Google Books turns up only mis-spellings and eye-dialect for "year" in that century (with one strange Irish exception).  The earliest definite usage I can find is from 1903 in "Cunnie Rabbit, Mr. Spider, and the other beef: West African folk tales" by Florence M. Cronise, & Henry W. Ward.  The best quote seems to be: "Dis girl yeah, w'en he go cook de beef ... " (the "yeah" is obviously a parenthetical "yes", not eye-dialect for "year").  You might be able to find something earlier.    D b f  i  r  s   13:55, 7 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Dis girl yeah is almost certainly "this girl here". —Angr 15:47, 7 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Oops! Thanks for the correction.  I'd filtered out the the "yeah = year" usage, but, not being familiar with the idiolect, I missed that possibility.  Back to the drawing board.    D b f  i  r  s   08:37, 8 February 2013 (UTC)

urinate
Etymology of this entry is empty at present. --KYPark (talk) 15:48, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

 * Added. —Angr 15:59, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

 * Improved. --KYPark (talk) 16:08, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

 * Yet more wanted. --KYPark (talk) 16:18, 7 February 2013 (UTC)
 * "More at " added. Yet I wonder if it is akin to 🇨🇬 from . --KYPark (talk) 02:00, 8 February 2013 (UTC)
 * In addition to sky and heaven, οὐρανός also meant roof of the mouth or palate, but I still can't see a connection with urine other than the first three letters. The French Wiktionary traces the urine, urea root back to Indo-European "ūr, au̯er".    D b f  i  r  s   09:00, 8 February 2013 (UTC)

buck naked
Tagged but not listed: anyone have a solid lead regarding the origin of this term? - -sche (discuss) 05:12, 9 February 2013 (UTC)

Melungeon
Tagged but not listed. Anyone have references? - -sche (discuss) 05:21, 9 February 2013 (UTC)

bead tree
Please either improve or criticize anything of this entry from the etymological perspective. Cheers. --KYPark (talk) 08:06, 10 February 2013 (UTC)

 * cf. "Archived revision by KYPark (Talk | contribs) as of 12:19, 12 February 2013."
 * I've never been informed, not to mention not convinced, why all this goal-seeking elaboration should be reverted, nullified, discouragaed, .... Please advise me what's wrong with me seeking truth this way. --KYPark (talk) 14:36, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

Tommy Atkins
Did Kipling invent this name for his poem "Tommy", or was it already in use? JulieKahan (talk) 18:23, 11 February 2013 (UTC)
 * No, it was already in use. Ƿidsiþ 11:38, 16 February 2013 (UTC)

ard
An anon added the etymology "from Norwegian ard 'plough'", but there is no Norwegian section for ard, and plough says the Norwegian word for plough is plog, so can anyone confirm that this is true? —Angr 14:48, 15 February 2013 (UTC)

 * I checked Alf Torp Nynorsk Etymologisk Ordbok from 1919. There seems to be a word ard ("wooden plough"), from Old Norse arðr, cognate to Latin aratrum. So at least the Norwegian part looks OK. --MaEr (talk) 19:11, 15 February 2013 (UTC)

 * But it seems a bit strange to me, that the word should be borrowed from modern Norwegian instead of from Old Norse. Even if the Norwegian part of this theory looks OK: the English part still is strange. --MaEr (talk) 12:48, 17 February 2013 (UTC)

 * The OED confirms it's from Norwegian. It was not used in English until the 1930s, in discussions of Scandinavian archaeology, so it's not that surprising that it would come from a modern language. Ƿidsiþ 12:53, 17 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Thanks for confirming this, guys. When the anon added it I thought, "There's a 90% chance this is true, and a 10% chance it's bullshit added by a vandal that will stick around for years if no one questions it." I'm glad to hear that the better chance won out. —Angr 15:58, 17 February 2013 (UTC)

thigh

 * thigh (n.)
 * Old English þeoh, þeh, from Proto-Germanic *theukhom (cf. Old Frisian thiach, Old Dutch thio, Dutch dij, Old Norse þjo, Old High German dioh), from PIE *teuk- from root *teu- "to swell" (cf. Lithuanian taukas, Old Church Slavonic tuku, Russian tuku "fat of animals;" Lithuanian tukti "to become fat;" Greek tylos "callus, lump," tymbos "burial mound, grave, tomb;" Old Irish ton "rump;" Latin tumere "to swell," tumulus "raised heap of earth," tumor "a swelling;" Middle Irish tomm "a small hill," Welsh tom "mound"). Thus thigh is literally "the thick or fat part of the leg."

I find this or the like unbearably dictative, don't you? I am most upset by the last passage. The may be simply akin to, hence literally "the thick ... of the leg," rather than because of the above etymonline quote that may explain it away. --KYPark (talk) 15:01, 15 February 2013 (UTC)
 * What do you mean by dictative? I'm not sure if I understand why it is upsetting. 15:15, 15 February 2013 (UTC)

 * What I say is what I mean. --KYPark (talk) 15:20, 15 February 2013 (UTC)

 * My point is if is akin to . --KYPark (talk) 15:56, 15 February 2013 (UTC)

 * My point is is akin to, if no objection. --KYPark (talk) 16:59, 15 February 2013 (UTC)
 * It might be, but only very distantly. "No original research" is more a Wikipedia maxim than a Wiktionary one, but when it comes to reconstructed roots in proto-languages it's better to stick to what we can find in published sources, so that we avoid including wild speculations. —Angr 17:18, 15 February 2013 (UTC)

According to Etymonline:

 * PIE *tum-
 * "to swell" whence tumere !!

 * thumb (see thigh)
 * tumid (see thigh)
 * tuber (see thigh)
 * tumult (see thigh)
 * tumulus (see thigh)
 * tumor (see thigh)
 * tumescent (see thigh)
 * contumely (see thigh)
 * PIE *teu-
 * "to swell" whence tumere ??

 * thigh
 * tomb
 * PIE *teuk-
 * maybe "thigh," from PIE *teu-, as per Wiktionary

 * thigh

 * As such, Etymonline and Wiktionary equate PIE *tum- with *teu-, which sounds confusing, improbable or implausible.
 * Most improbable or "dictative" is that thigh is akin to tumere from PIE *tum-.
 * The is simply  (more primordially) rather than sophisticatedly swollen or thickened! Compare the  from tumere.
 * Instead of the, the more basic term may if not must be in the thick of things in large numbers.

--KYPark (talk) 11:27, 16 February 2013 (UTC)
 * The trouble is that thick seems to come from *tegu-, which is difficult to reconcile with the *teuh₂- of thigh, thumb, tumor, etc. —Angr 11:42, 16 February 2013 (UTC)

 * To the contrary, in my view, thick from *tegu- may be less difficult to reconcile with thigh from *teuk- than the latter exceptionally to do with thumb and tumor from *tum-! --KYPark (talk) 12:17, 16 February 2013 (UTC)

鮟
Requesting verification of the character etymology. Nils Barth made some changes back in 2011, revolving around his apparent understanding that this character is Japanese-only. Since this character is present in Mandarin and apparently Korean too (see the 汉语 (cmn) and 朝鲜语 (ko) entries at zh:鮟), I restored his deletion of these entries. He also added a note that this character was a Japanese coinage in this edit from April 2011, but the only source I can find that makes this claim is the JA WT entry ja:鮟, and that's only in the categories and is not mentioned at all in the body of the page. Can anyone say for sure either way, and perhaps point to sources? -- Eiríkr Útlendi │ Tala við mig 20:32, 14 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Wrong page, I assume you know this already. Anyway, carry on. Mglovesfun (talk) 23:52, 14 February 2013 (UTC)

 * Confirming existence in Mandarin (rare). Sources: 黄鮟鱇 in NCIKU dictionary, 鮟 at MDBG dictionary. The etymology seems plausible but I can't confirm it's kokuji. Japanese coinages do occasionally penetrate other CJKV or just CJK (minus Vietnamese) languages. --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 00:02, 15 February 2013 (UTC)

 * I'd say this etymology is quite likely to be correct. I can't find any uses of "鮟鱇, 鮟 (except as a variant of 鰋), 鱇" in Classical Chinese. ankou appears to be native Japanese, cf. Korean 아귀 (agwi, "anglerfish"). Wyang (talk) 04:46, 16 February 2013 (UTC)

 * Per Mglovesfun, this isn’t the right page for etymological discussions. Shall we move over to the Etymology scriptorium, where I’ve opened a discussion (and replied) at: Wiktionary:Etymology scriptorium: 鮟 ?
 * Indeed, shall I move the above discussion to that page?
 * (Thanks all for comments!)
 * —Nils von Barth (nbarth) (talk) 17:21, 16 February 2013 (UTC)

Thanks for raising this Eiríkr!

To first address the question narrowly:

From some investigating I conclude that:
 * Strictly speaking, it is not kokuji, but this is subtle.
 * It is used in Chinese, as a borrowing from the modern Japanese.
 * It’s not clear whether it’s used in Korean, but presumably has some use as borrowing from Japanese, as 20th century Korean hanja usage largely follows Japanese kanji.

In detail (from アンコウ: 語源 at Japanese Wikipedia, translated and summarized for English-reading editors):
 * The character 鮟 in the sense of “monkfish, anglerfish”, was created in Edo period Japan (attested 1709), in the word from ateji 安康 an-kō by adding 魚 to both characters. However, 鮟 is not considered a kokuji while 鱇 is, because 鮟 is found in earlier Chinese texts, while 鱇 is not. The ancient Chinese use of 鮟 is unrelated to the Japanese use – it is a corruption of 鰋 (a kind of catfish), changing 匽 to 安. In formal Japanese usage, “kokuji” is reserved for characters whose earliest appearance is as a Japanese coinage, and it is not applied to characters that are coined in Japan that happen to also be found in Chinese earlier, even if unrelated.

This subtlety is presumably the cause of the confusion, with casual Japanese usage sometimes classifying 鮟 as a kokuji – e.g., 国字 at 漢字辞典ネット lists both 鮟 and 鱇 as kokuji, but stars 鮟 and stating that dictionaries do not consider it to be a kokuji. On the other hand, 搾 is generally considered a kokuji, but apparently also occurs as a corruption of Chinese 榨. AFAICT the rule of thumb appears to be that if a character is in Kangxi, it’s not considered kokuji (e.g., 鰯 is a kokuji that date to the 8th century and had been around for almost 1000 years by the compilation of the Kangxi, but isn’t included in the dict).

Given our goals of following references and being helpful to readers, best is probably to count 鮟 as not a kokuji (since Japanese dictionaries don’t generally consider it such), but to have a sufficient discussion in the etymology section of the character; I’ve done so as of this edit; how does it look?

Regarding the use in Chinese: per Japanese Wikipedia, it is used in Chinese, as an import from Japan; it’s also listed in modern dictionaries – thanks Anatoli and Wyang for research!

References:
 * アンコウ: 語源, Japanese Wikipedia
 * 黄鮟鱇, NCIKU dictionary
 * 鮟, MDBG dictionary

 * —Nils von Barth (nbarth) (talk) 17:18, 16 February 2013 (UTC)

Great, thank you Nils, and Anatoli and Wyang! Much clearer now. I appreciate y'all's work! -- Eiríkr Útlendi │ Tala við mig 01:10, 17 February 2013 (UTC)

脈輪
RFV of the etymology.

Added by anon IP. CMN term looks like it might be cromulent, with zh:w:脈輪 redirecting to zh:w:查克拉, which uses in the body of the article. However, the etym given is a dog's breakfast -- it says it's from SA into JA, not CMN for one, and there's no explanation of how we get CMN "màilún" from SA "ćakra". Anyone care to take a stab at this? -- Eiríkr Útlendi │ Tala við mig 23:14, 18 February 2013 (UTC)

 * / is just a "wheel", so the word can't mean specifically "chakra", so  /  is added at the front to form a new word with a new meaning. This is a common way to make borrowings, since just phonetic borrowings are not very popular for 1) phonetic reasons - hard to match foreign sounds close enough, 2) characters chosen to transcribe a foreign words should be either close to the original meaning (at least remind somehow) or be meaningless (a few characters are used in modern Mandarin to transcribe words only). To me, the etymology section seems OK. The pure phonetic transcription is  as in the Chinese Wikipedia article,  /  and  /  are listed there as synonyms. --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 23:48, 18 February 2013 (UTC)

 * @Eirikr, I'll share my little "secret". I'm using Perapera-kun Chinese (plug-in on Mozilla Firefox), the Chinese equivalent of Perapera-kun Japanese (I know Haplology uses Perapera-kun Japanese, do you?). It uses CEDIC dictionary (a totally free Chinese dictionary, equivalent of EDICT (Japanese)). In many cases I don't have to do a long research, this dictionary is my constant companion.

 * Here are the definitions of two out of three term I used above from CEDIC dictionary:

 * 1) 脈輪 / 脉轮 (màilún): Chakra (Sanskrit: disc, circle, wheel), one of seven symbolic nodes of the body in spiritual Yoga
 * 2) 查克拉 (Chákèlā): Chakra (name), Chakra system of yogic meditation, Chakra (Sanskrit: disc), one of seven symbolic nodes of the body in spiritual Yoga
 * --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 00:11, 19 February 2013 (UTC)

 * Thank you Anatoli, that looks like something I'll have fun learning how to use! And it looks like Wyang has updated the etym at  to clarify.  Saying màilún comes from ćakra, as the entry originally did, suggests some kind of direct inheritance or borrowing, which makes a lot less sense etymologically than saying that màilún was derived as a translation of ćakra.  I was really scratching my head trying to imagine what possible sound shifts could turn ćakra into màilún.  :)  Cheers, -- Eiríkr Útlendi │ Tala við mig 00:18, 19 February 2013 (UTC)

earthworm
Is the following dual consilience flatly accidental?

--KYPark (talk) 02:29, 21 February 2013 (UTC)

 * 雨龍 is "the dragon responsible for producing rains", not worms. 地龍 meant "a dragon on the ground" in Middle Chinese, and the sense of "earthworm" appeared only in . Both were unattested in Old Chinese literature. Wyang (talk) 02:48, 21 February 2013 (UTC)

 * See also the second excerpt on the right. --KYPark (talk) 03:10, 21 February 2013 (UTC)

 * From : "Dilong first means 'earthworm' in the Qixiu Leigao written by the Ming Dynasty scholar Lang Ying (1487-1566 CE)." There would have to be at least some previous attestations of this sense if it existed earlier (and if the consilience is not flatly coincidental), considering the abundance of Classical Chinese texts. Wyang (talk) 03:30, 21 February 2013 (UTC)

 * Also take it into account that the worm originally meant a dragon! --KYPark (talk) 03:27, 21 February 2013 (UTC)

 * In Appendix:Proto-Indo-European/wr̥mis? Wyang (talk) 03:30, 21 February 2013 (UTC)

 * Search "earthworm" at http://www.etymonline.com/ and you see "1590s" later than Lang Ying. And find "worm" at bottom of that page. --KYPark (talk) 04:17, 21 February 2013 (UTC)

 * So you think "earthworm" is possibly a calque of "地龍"? Wyang (talk) 04:26, 21 February 2013 (UTC)

 * My personal view is not terribly vital. I just wish people to see something curious in unusual consilience, open-mindedly. --KYPark (talk) 04:52, 21 February 2013 (UTC)

 * See also measuring worm, geometrid, inchworm, 蚇, etc., in terms of queerly, whether sheerly or not, coincidental consilience. --KYPark (talk) 09:48, 21 February 2013 (UTC)

طبل
Arabic term listed as coming from Middle 🇨🇬,. What relation, if any, to other PIE derivatives such as FR (missing etym), or EN  < 🇨🇬 < 🇨🇬 <  🇨🇬? C.f. also 🇨🇬 (missing etym), 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Possible distant relation to EN < 🇨🇬 < 🇨🇬, from the way a tap or stopcock must be first knocked into a barrel? Or EN, FR , < nasalized variant of  < 🇨🇬, cognate with Dutch , German ?

Cheers, -- Eiríkr Útlendi │ Tala við mig 19:39, 21 February 2013 (UTC)

 * cf. HE (וַתִּקַּח מִרְיָם הַנְּבִיאָה אֲחוֹת אַהֲרֹן אֶת הַתֹּף בְּיָדָהּ וַתֵּצֶאןָ כָל הַנָּשִׁים אַחֲרֶיהָ בְּתֻפִּים וּבִמְחֹלֹת Exodus 15:20) JulieKahan (talk) 08:01, 25 February 2013 (UTC)

 * The root of tambour is Arabic < Persian  < Middle Persian . Cf. MP  (< τύμπανον?). The HE  looks related to Arabic  < Persian  < Middle Persian. --Z 16:15, 27 February 2013 (UTC)

пассатижи
The term is derived from French "pinces à tige" (?) but not sure if this term still exists in French, what exactly it means/meant and the spelling (hyphens and diacritics). --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 02:31, 22 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Despite being French, I didn't know what was a "pince à tige" until now. I have done quite an extensive search and, although the term actually exists, Google returns very few results (and even fewer images, as you guessed it). For what I have seen, "pince à tige" or "pince à tiges" (no definite spelling, as often in that case, but you can assume there is no hyphen, like in "pince à linge") may refer to several tools, depending on the context:
 * pliers or tongs ("pince") that are composed of one or two shafts ("tiges"). See an example here
 * pliers or tongs that are dedicated to the manipulation of rods ("tiges"). See an example here.
 * Both kind of tools can be seen in old books (mainly in a medical context for the former, and in a chemical context for the latter) and thus may have been borrowed by Russians. Can't say more. — Xavier, 20:34, 22 February 2013 (UTC)

 * Thank you so much for your trouble! Bien merci, je suis très reconnaissant. :) --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 00:04, 23 February 2013 (UTC)

horse-leech
The Engish horse-leech (Haemopis sanguisuga) links to the following 8 foreign titles, all literally meaning "horse-leech". Then which is the origin of these academic calques?

--KYPark (talk) 06:30, 22 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Given their habitat: http://zipcodezoo.com/Animals/H/Haemopis_sanguisuga/ I would think that the source is German, Dutch and/or English. 07:45, 22 February 2013 (UTC)

 * I'd agree with you strictly within the European habitat. But I already suggested that the question be global. Did you answer from the global perspective? --KYPark (talk) 08:21, 22 February 2013 (UTC)

 * The animal only lives in Europe. Non-Europeans have no reason to have developed their own name for an animal which does not exist in their part of the world. Therefore the name of the animal in their will be calqued from the European languages. Furius (talk) 09:30, 22 February 2013 (UTC)

 * You sound radically Eurocentric. Do you suggest neither horse nor leech exists outside Europe? If any similar, say, 馬 or 蛭, it must be a calque of the European origin, say, "horse" or "leech"? --KYPark (talk) 10:11, 22 February 2013 (UTC)

 * No, I'm saying that "horse-leeches" do not exist outside Europe. Therefore, when Chinese Korean and Japanese speakers were introduced to the animal, they translated the name into their own languages, word-by-word. 10:25, 22 February 2013 (UTC)

 * Korean 말거머리 for horse-leech is older than 物譜 (1802), maybe written without any European influence. How old is the horse-leech? --KYPark (talk) 10:40, 22 February 2013 (UTC)

 * Pinning down the taxonomic identity is trickier than it looks- as is much about leeches in European culture. As far as I can tell, Haemopis sanguisuga is a non-parasitic species that is predatory on smaller invertebrates. Its size and similarity to blood-sucking species apparently led to a widespread folk-belief that it was a voracious feeder upon animals. The biblical horseleech is apparently the aquatic leech, Limnatis nilotica, which enters the noses and mouths of animals that drink in infested water and attaches itself. That species is found throughout the Mediterranean region (I don't know the extent of its entire range). The German Wikipedia article linked to above suggests that the name Pferdeegel may have been modified from Rossegel, which it gives as the name for Limnatis nilotica (Ross is another German word for horse).
 * My best guess is that horse-leeches got their name in English from the use of horse that we see in horselaugh, horseplay, and horseradish, meaning large and/or coarse. The use of the term to translate a Hebrew word for another species muddied things up quite a bit: you can find biblical commentaries that confidently describe the biblical species as Haemopis sanguisuga, which they claim is a blood-sucker. A major problem with taxonomic names is that people tend to assume that there is only one taxonomic name per common name, and apply the taxonomic name they find in references about the common name to cases where it's really a different species. Chuck Entz (talk) 20:31, 22 February 2013 (UTC)

 * Chinese 馬蛭 first occurred at a time when any European influence would not be possible. 馬 in the word didn't mean "horse", it was a prefix meaning "big (animal)", as in 馬蜂/螞蜂 ("wasp"), 螞蟻 ("ant"), 螞蚱 ("locust"), 螞蟥/螞蝗 ("leech"), which I suspect may be a colloquial reflex (in the iambic form) of Old Chinese (and Proto-Sino-Tibetan) *m- prefix, with the function of deriving the names of small insects (usually harmful ones). It's the same case for Korean 말, which doesn't mean "horse" here, but rather a prefix meaning "things larger than normal" (보통의 것보다 큰), eg. 말박,말벌,말거미,말매미. This Korean word might be a calque of Chinese. Wyang (talk) 10:54, 22 February 2013 (UTC)

 * I agree mostly. Practically as the biggest or tallest animal in the Far East, the horse is worth a metaphor for bigness. Meanwhile, I wonder whether Korean 말 for horse is akin to 말 (斗) or 머리 "head, top" or 마루 "col, saddle" as of the mountain. No doubt, anyway, the prefix 말 literally means "horse" no more, whether 馬 or 斗 or whatever else. But who knows for sure which prefix is older, Chinese 馬 or Korean 말? --KYPark (talk) 11:26, 22 February 2013 (UTC)

 * Well, Chinese 馬 meant "large" already in  (circa 3rd century BC): 馬蜩 was "the large cicada". Don't think one could find even earlier Korean sources showing mal meaning "big".. Anyhow, Sagart (1999) also considers this use of 馬 as an Old Chinese relic, though it is quite likely later uses of this were influenced by the relative bigness of the horse itself (English horse also means "a large person"). As for etymology of mal, it is definitely related to 馬 ( in Old Chinese), but unlikely to the others above. It is an areal word; please cf. Appendix:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/mraŋ. Wyang (talk) 12:12, 22 February 2013 (UTC)

 * The etymology of Korean 말 itself is a mere side effect to this agenda, which I or we would better avoid and focus on the main east-west issue, while nonetheless I appreciate your wide etymological concern. --KYPark (talk) 12:45, 22 February 2013 (UTC)

 * Horse as a metaphoric element meaning large and/or coarse in many words and phrases seems to be a parallel development in English, at least. Even if many of the terms derive from the tendency of aquatic leeches to attach to horses that drink in infested water, it's not necessary to assume borrowing when terms consist of names of things combined with traits or other things widely known to be associated with them. Chuck Entz (talk) 20:31, 22 February 2013 (UTC)

 * Well, I have learnt some things about leeches, horses, 馬, and 蜩. Thanks for that. Furius (talk) 23:41, 22 February 2013 (UTC)

 * My question "which is the origin of [those 1+8 European] academic calques?" cf. CJK counterparts, may well be answered from both European and global perspectives.

 * Furius tried to narrow down the origin within Europe, yet blurringly, and then claimed its global impact. I appreciate the trial as the closest so far, however implausible it may sound.

 * The origin is presupposed. It entails that all the rest must be its calques. Otherwise, they make too accidental, coincidental consilience to be likely to happen, especially globally! Let's be openly surprised at the wider consilience and likely the deeper origin.

 * --KYPark (talk) 02:10, 23 February 2013 (UTC)

I wonder why Sz-iwbot deleted the interwiki link Haemopis sanguisuga in 2010 from http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/马蛭 that has ever begun with 马蛭（学名：Haemopis sanguisuga）....

A few days ago, 1 + 8 (shown on top) interwiki links were duly added to that. Today I added 马蛭 to Haemopis sanguisuga, while strongly fearing that this case may be nothing but obscurantism such as I've feared again and again. Why should I stop so doing and view it otherwise?

BTW, I added two "Examples" boxes in relation to Chuck Entz's Limnatis nilotica the northern Europeans must be unfamiliar with, though it may well be called "horse-leech" which is getting more and more problematic or enigmatic (to me at least) esp. from the global perspective, to be frank. Korean sources note that 말거머리 is not really blood-sucking, while European equivalents are, say, Haemopis sanguisuga "blood-thirsty blood-sucker"!

--KYPark (talk) 09:30, 23 February 2013 (UTC)

Now it would be fair enough to know and say that few argue for the origin of and the like, hence the unknown, uncertain, or perhaps oriental origin, as tentatively as usual in science.

--KYPark (talk) 10:31, 25 February 2013 (UTC)

measuring worm
In contrast to the previous ' and ', a range of English measuring worm, inchworm, spanworm, looper, geometer, etc., sound a calque altogether roughly meaning around measurement one way or another. Roughly such is the case not only in other European but also CJV languages, as follows. Are all these ideas of wording a queer consilience but sheer coincidence, East and West?

--KYPark (talk) 10:31, 25 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Likely coincidence. In Chinese, oldest attestation of the word 尺蠖 was in  (2nd millennium BC). Wyang (talk) 11:18, 25 February 2013 (UTC)

 * How great the oldest attest of 尺蠖 in  is! How likely the coincidence is globally! How unlikely it is in the East and the West, respectively! --KYPark (talk) 11:58, 25 February 2013 (UTC)

 * In addition, it may be well noted that both Engish, as in a way, and its hanzi translations 蚝, 毛蟲, and 毛毛蟲, though more or less rough or hairy, share a semantic element for hair. What a queer consilience if a sheer coincidence it is!

 * --KYPark (talk) 00:00, 27 February 2013 (UTC)

syllabus
This etymology seems exceptionally complicated - why must it derive from two different words in Cicero (sittybis in Ad Atticum 4 and sillybis in Ad Atticum 8)? Can't it just be from some variation on the aorist of συλλαμβάνω? Furius (talk) 23:05, 26 February 2013 (UTC)

Three EtymOnLine entries

 * syllabus (n.)
 * 1650s, "table of contents ..." from Late Latin syllabus "list" a misreading of Greek sittybos (plural of sittyba "... table of contents," ...) in a 1470s edition of Cicero's "Ad Atticum" iv.5 and 8.

 * monosyllable (n.)
 * 1530s, from Latin monosyllabus "of one syllable," from Greek monosyllabos ...

 * syllable (n.)
 * late 14c., from Anglo-French sillable ... from Latin syllaba, from Greek syllabe "a syllable, several sounds or letters taken together" ... from syn- "together" ... + stem of lambanein "to take" ...

 * ✅ The above EtymOnLine entries are quite incoherent, degrading the project integrity that much, however marginally, which on the other hand must be the "excellence" of the collection of such bits and pieces.

 * It should be noted that English and  (likely diminutive) may be in fact or in effect commonly derived from Latin, which in turn may have (however ill) confused both, as a result of subsequent misreading, misprinting, and mismatching.

 * The practical trouble is too (a) few would review many a mistaken view in reality to make due progress. The OED may be an over-estimated dictionary. Good money drive out bad!
 * --KYPark (talk) 03:41, 19 April 2013 (UTC)

grasshopper

 * In series
 * 1)
 * 2)
 * 3), caterpillar
 * 4)

 * Translations

grass + hopper græshoppe grasshopper Grashüpfer gresshoppe gräshoppa eingispretta engispretta 메뚜기 cf. 메토끼 mountain hare

hopper + saltamatxino saltamartí sauterelle saltón saltamontes

pony + конік koník konik polny koník kobilica коник cavalletta

Semantically, the above Germanic and Korean translations exceptionally exactly hop together, as it were, hence quite a queer consilience! Etymologically or anyway, however, should such a self-manifest fact be definitely ignored or obscured? Why?

--KYPark (talk) 14:43, 27 February 2013 (UTC)

 * As I see it, the fact that grasshoppers keep jumping around is their defining characteristic. It’s no wonder that unrelated languages would name them after this characteristic. — Ungoliant (Falai) 14:53, 27 February 2013 (UTC)

 * It's indeed "no wonder" that languages try to name a thing characteristically, but maybe "no accident" that only Germanic and Korean languages on earth name the grasshopper exactly the same way. --KYPark (talk) 15:14, 27 February 2013 (UTC)

 * I notice that Spanish and Catalan  also name it the same way, the only difference being that the "grass (underbrush)" and "hop" parts are reversed to match different tendencies in verb + object handling in compound words.  Meanwhile, the Italian and Slavic references to small horses no doubt allude to the way small horses hop about and are often found in fields.
 * I'm with Ungoliant here. These cross-lingual semantic overlaps are not surprising, nor even all that terribly interesting, frankly.  Same as for your mention of  earlier -- many caterpillars are indeed hairy, so the fact that many languages use their word for  as part of the term for  is again neither surprising nor terribly interesting.
 * I recall pointing you towards the Zompist website, particularly the linguistics articles listed at http://www.zompist.com/#lang, and even more specifically the article How likely are chance resemblances between languages? This is directly relevant to many of the threads you have started about how different languages seem to be related.  You may wish to read this article.
 * If your musings are intended to show commonalities in how humans think in very different cultures and environments, then I might lend you an ear. Is this what you are investigating?
 * However, it seems instead that you might be exploring an argument that far-removed languages are somehow direct relatives, despite the absence of any linguistic evidence supporting such a position, and despite the presence of linguistic evidence to the contrary. That line of reasoning is not likely to attract much favorable attention, until and unless you can find any such supporting linguistic evidence.
 * But do carry on, if this scratches an itch of yours. -- Eiríkr Útlendi │ Tala við mig 18:28, 27 February 2013 (UTC)

The previous agenda  at once led Wyang to create 尺蠖 along with a highly impressive (at least to me) historical quotation. Wyang suggested that its Eurasian trade was unlikely, but I thanked a lot in silence. Anyway, that agenda works!

So does this agenda  that made myself enhance Etymology of 메뚜기. It may also make some readers more or less interested one way or another, e.g., whether those Germanic translations led to the Latinic and Slavonic, or otherwise or noway, regardless of Korean part. Who should hesitate or hate that?

It also made Eiríkr Útlendi speak a lot of objection to my favoring the likely Eurasian trade in many ways as a matter of fact rather than written history I equate almost with positivism that would ignore the implicit, tacit majority.

History has it that just four trivial Hunnic words survived, as enumerated by one Roman historian who once visited their camp. Without his visit, not a single word would have survived. Such is history in silence!

In this worm series, I've never argued in such a way that "far-removed [Eurasian] languages are somehow direct relatives," which is hence a mere unfair strawman argument I greatly regret.

What sort of cultural evidence is needed to trade and share such things as tea, silk and china? What sort of "linguistic evidence" is needed to trade and share such ideas as 地龍, 馬蛭, 尺蠖 and 메뚜기?

Right here, we are not in the right position to think and talk about Eurasian languages in themselves but just some of their words or memes, if you like, in flux or trade like things and ideas in bits and pieces.

To infer any vital linguistic kinship from some lexical trade and sharing would be as crazy as to make a mountain out of a molehill! While enjoying china, silk, tea, etc. from Chinese culture, Europe in itself yet must remain very different from it.

Korean adopts or adapts some English words not because it is (becoming) akin to English in itself, but simply because they are useful. Vice versa; so does English with Korean gimchi, bulgogi, malchum, etc., without needing to adapt itself to Korean in itself.

My notion "only Germanic and Korean languages on earth name the grasshopper exactly the same way" is a matter of degree and viewpoint. I cannot help but note that Germanic translations look much closer to Korean than Latinic and Slavonic, while anyone may disagree with me anyway.

Right or wrong, you may positively infer from such closeness, if "no accident" instead of "no wonder," that may have been directly introduced to Germanic, and indirectly to Latinic and Slavonic. Who should keep people from such reasoning?

I always find myself struggling against too simple black and white (BW) rhetorics and arguments. Contrary to our common sense and rhetoric, esp. in BW terms, no two things on earth are "exactly the same." Likeness, surprise, interest, evidence, and whatever degrees vary from thing to thing, from species to species.

Perhaps most responsible for our helpless and hopeless simplism may be our speech or rhetoric that should be both precise and concise contradictorily, vitally and fatally.

As such, BW speeches would be both good and bad, so often doing even evil, whether intentionally or not. Science and relegion that essentially seek the truth and only the truth through speech may be no exception.

As "my personal view is not terribly vital," as I noted elsewhere a week ago, so is any personal uninterest, indifference, ignorance, or the like.

In spite of that, to say that my agendas in series are again and "again neither surprising nor terribly interesting" is to say that such a personal BW view is authoritative enough for anyone to believe. Perhaps this is the easiest way people dictate, deceive, brainwash, misguide, and so on.

--KYPark (talk) 16:54, 28 February 2013 (UTC)


text:
Corvus corax

Hypernyms

 * - order; - family;  - genus

Hyponyms

 * See for subspecies

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Corvus corax


text:
Wiktionary:Etymology scriptorium/2013/April

kika
Are these related? kika (Swedish) kieken kucken gucken
 * Yes. Also Dutch and English  (> ); although the German,  is probably a more distant kinship (if at all). Leasnam (talk) 16:48, 2 April 2013 (UTC)

lodestar
This appears in several other Germanic languages, like Middle Dutch and Old Norse. That seems to indicate that it may be an inherited Proto-Germanic word, but it may also be a post-Germanic word that was calqued into all the other languages (the days of the week were also borrowed in that way). So I am wondering when this word was first attested in English. Does it appear in Old English? 14:48, 3 April 2013 (UTC)
 * No, according to the OED. (First citation in Trevisa's translation of the Prolicionycion, i.e. probably some time in the 1380s.) Ƿidsiþ 14:54, 3 April 2013 (UTC)

 * Modern and  conceptually replaced OE  ("ship-star"). Modern, , and  are barely exact synonyms.

 * It appears here and now that ON is the oldest of the kins, calques or mimicking memes. The older than that ON, the more unlikely and the more surprising and interesting. Left until then may be only a marginal surprise, uncertainty, or amount of information, if you like.

 * Granting that and that etymology vitally concerns the evolution of meaning along with culture, then, what would be the use of an awkwardly assumed proto symbolism for them at the moment?
 * --KYPark (talk) 07:43, 4 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Kind of irrelevant. While it's true that something like this can be obvious in concept (a star that guides), it's quite a different thing if different languages end up using cognates to describe it. The dates of attestation are fairly late, which makes it seem unlikely that these were inherited from Germanic. But if they weren't, then where did these languages calque from? It's possible that they didn't and that they somehow independently came up with the exact same word, but with something like this it seems rather unlikely, so there is probably some common source. So who would have needed such a star most? Sailors... and who among the Germanic people of the time were avid sailors? The Vikings and later the Hanseatic traders. So it's probable that the word originates from there, but I would like to see some sources... 14:24, 5 April 2013 (UTC)

 * What a speculation you attempt yourself, which you bitterly ascribed to me! May I take this opportunity to advise you to undo all your deletion of my so-called "speculative" stuff "lacking scientific rigour," if you would or should not take too much legal risks? This may be once and for all.

 * What do you mean by "Kind of irrelevant" at first? Is it an answer to my question at last?

 * It'd be possible to say figuratively, for example, "You are our proto lodestar" meaning leader. Such'd be Dutch, and your recent split into Etymology 1 and 2 appears too analytic, sophisticated and overdone, as compared with , esp. in terms of WT integrity. Do you have any supporting evidence?

 * In Frege's terms, the lodestar or guiding star is the sense (Sinn), whereas the polestar is the reference (Bedeutung). The former is compared with the evening star and the morning star, and the latter with the planet Venus. Then, Dutch is not a good translation of English, and English  is not a good definition of Dutch . Do you agree? Then you may be interested to make some corrections. Then again am I contributing anyway through this discussion?
 * --KYPark (talk) 17:58, 6 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Your reply doesn't answer my question at all, so it's not very helpful. But the split into etymology 1 and 2 makes perfect sense because the two actually have different pronunciations as well. 18:50, 6 April 2013 (UTC)

 * I always imagine the world, perhaps including the very bright Iowan girl, is watching this public, globally "open forum" and try to do my best to not to make them unhappy. So do you? I doubt you do! I even wonder if you were real CodeCat our proto leader answering or avoiding me. I was extremely puzzled what points and what questions you were talking specially to me, though I refrained from complaints. So I ask you to answer my clear previous questions and points one after another faithfully.

 * The difference in sounding and meaning is so usual of derivatives from the same origin that the "different pronunciations" cannot undeniably justify your etymological split. Again I ask for any supporting etymological evidence otherwise than the mere split into Entry 1, 2, 3, etc., as usual in dictionaries.
 * --KYPark (talk) 07:03, 7 April 2013 (UTC)

 * @KYPark, your comment is off-base and a bit out of line -- "What a speculation you attempt yourself, which you bitterly ascribed to me!"
 * One key difference here is that your speculation is only ever speculation -- you do not research, and you reject any suggestions that you should research.
 * Meanwhile, what CodeCat is doing here is positing a like avenue of research -- i.e., not pure speculation, but rather an attempt at narrowing the field before embarking on a search for actual sources.
 * I understand that you are sometimes frustrated by our processes here. One key requirement we have for putting information into entries is that the information so added must be verifiable, it must be properly sourced.  Pure speculation is not something we do much of here, precisely because it isn't sourced, and therefore isn't usable as entry content.
 * I hope you understand the difference. -- Eiríkr Útlendi │ Tala við mig 19:54, 6 April 2013 (UTC)

 * Sorry but let me move leftmost ...

What do you mean by "research" -- naively search again and again? Otherwise it's you rather than me who "do not research" and science proper of "scientific rigour" (CodeCate). To me, Research and science proper simply begin with reference and end with inference whence. In the process, it applies various scientific methods, say statistics including information theory.

My cute 말똥구리 (mal-ttong-guri, "mar-dung-gyre") is said to have a huge amount of information, as such a six-fold consilience between Korean and English from end to end of Eurasia is statistically extremely unlikely to happen. Science tells us to believe such a miracle to be a reality where both transliteration and translation must be causally related.

Such is the case with the ideas of 地龍 and 雨龍, exactly consilient with those of and, respectively. For what should we simply ignore such a huge amount of information? Such is what you collectively underestimate wholly as "speculation" (generally), "lack of scientific rigour" (CodeCat), little "research" (Eirikr), etc., ironically!

Regardless of history written by liars since Herodotus, Occam's razor prefers less assumptions or hypotheses. I have to do without the PIE hypothesis, for example, to view the world more and better. Perhaps you too! Roughly this is why I have to talk here.

Meanwhile, I seriously advise you to take it very seriously if your blaming me collectively unjustly as if my whole contribution were useless speculation may make a case of evil and illegal cyberbullying, witch-hunt, or the like harassment, as I am quite confident.

I've discussed just one year since last April 10. Recently CodeCat unjustly moved most of my agendas and many people's talks from this public place to my private space. This shows up most of what evil and injustice they have collectively done to me. People of justice would never forgive them. Cheers.

--KYPark (talk) 07:03, 7 April 2013 (UTC)

因
RFV of the character etymology.

User:Gdbf137 changed the etymology in this edit. I've gone through their edit history (Special:Contributions/Gdbf137) after noticing some troubling signs, and every single edit they've ever done (with the exception of their user & talk pages) has been problematic. All other edits have been reverted or otherwise undone, but the etymology edit for the character is at least believable. Can anyone verify whether it's actually correct? -- Eiríkr Útlendi │ Tala við mig 16:39, 4 April 2013 (UTC)

 * Likely incorrect! I'll just sit back and see if and how soon Wiktionary could review and resolve this anomaly. Go ahead, do your best, and good luck!
 * --KYPark (talk) 08:23, 5 April 2013 (UTC)
 * The glosses are correct. The second character indeed means big, not man. I don't know about the part after that, I can't really make any sense of it. It should probably be removed or rewritten. 18:53, 6 April 2013 (UTC)

 * does just mean "big" in modern languages. That said, I've run into sources that state that  was originally just a pictogram of a person with their arms stretched out to look as big as possible, so that part of the  etym actually had a grain of possible truth to it.  However, what I'm not sure about is if  has only ever meant "big" and the "person" part is purely the derivational basis.  If so, then the etym now at  falls apart.  -- Eiríkr Útlendi │ Tala við mig 19:43, 6 April 2013 (UTC)

 * I read somewhere that 因 was the original form of 茵 ("mattress, cushion"), hence the ideogrammic shape. Wyang (talk) 02:57, 7 April 2013 (UTC)
 * So it's actually a person lying on a mattress and not a compound of characters? 03:15, 7 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Yes if that theory is correct, which I think is more likely. Wyang (talk) 03:30, 7 April 2013 (UTC)

 * Thanks a lot again anyway, Wyang. I am sure you are here to tell the truth, to get what's ill done undone. --KYPark (talk) 08:47, 7 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Do you think you could find any good sources that corroborate that etymology? I think it would be very good to have in the entry. 13:06, 7 April 2013 (UTC)

 * Wenlin states the following etymology for 因, which comes from Shuowen: A 大 (dà) person lying on a 囗 (wéi) mattress. Now 'mattress' is written 茵 yīn, the original character 因 having been borrowed for the identically pronounced abstract word yīn 'cause'. ---> Tooironic (talk) 22:40, 25 May 2013 (UTC)

Walloon and walon
Old High German in runic script? I would love to see a source or citation for that... 13:32, 24 April 2013 (UTC)

κεφαλή
There are several etymologies where this is assumed to be cognate with head (said to go back to PIE or ) and Sanskrit  (said to be from PIE ), with  /  said to be variants of.

First of all, the PIE forms are inconsistent with the format we use (e for most vowels, w for u, and showing laryngeals where they're assumed to be responsible for vowel length and vowel quality), and possibly just wrong. We don't seem to have any PIE appendix entries to go with this important and basic cognate set.

Second, where does the aspiration in come from? The vowels are a bit dodgy, too, but probably explainable via ablaut and the effects of laryngeals. Chuck Entz (talk) 19:49, 26 April 2013 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure where the aspiration came from. Looking at the Greek form itself, the most obvious origin would be . But that root violates a constraint for PIE roots, which says that roots can't contain both a voiceless plosive and a voiced aspirate. However, there is a possible way out: Grassmann's law says that in a sequence of two aspirates, the first is deaspirated. This sound law remained productive until after the devoicing of aspirates in Greek (compare ), so it could have operated in this root as well. This makes it possible to posit instead, which does not violate any constraints. Another possibility would be, which would have had the same outcome in Greek, and also  or  since labiovelars appear usually as labials.  20:10, 26 April 2013 (UTC)
 * I was tempted to mention Lithuanian/Latvian which has the right first consonant, with a labial and an l (metathesis would account for the order), but the labial is a semivowel rather than an aspirated stop. I guess it's  /  /  all over again... Chuck Entz (talk) 20:54, 26 April 2013 (UTC)

The greek word should be devided, in my view, in ke + fale, the second part being the root to analyse. I'd see a connection with Albanian "ballë" 'forehead', with ke being a prefix. Etimo (talk) 14:56, 8 July 2013 (UTC)

Lombard

 * See also:, halberd, etc.

Which would be the more likely or plausible etymology, long-bearded axe or long-bearded face? --KYPark (talk) 08:50, 28 April 2013 (UTC)

 * It was named for the Germanic Winnili tribe of Southern Scandinavia, who later came to be known as Longbeards (Longobard). —Stephen (Talk) 10:47, 28 April 2013 (UTC)

 * Legend has it that Winnili got through Vandals to Longbeards. Meanwhile, the last two are famous for conquering North Africa via Iberia, regardless of the time. Do you happen to know if both happen to be the same? Anyway this is not the very question I was asking: why Lombards came to be so called, regardless of Winnili and Vandals. Regards. --KYPark (talk) 13:58, 28 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Maybe because they really did have long beards? 14:24, 28 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Facial beards are more plausible, unless you have texts corroborating the connection with axe beards, or evidence that Longobard axes were any different from those of their contemporaries. Chuck Entz (talk) 15:11, 28 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Well, considering that other ancient Germanic peoples were so named by weapons (e.g. Saxons < seax "dagger"; Franks < franko "javelin", etc) it's just as plausible that the Longobards were also known by the type of weapon they customarily used. Leasnam (talk) 15:56, 30 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Those "ancient Germanic peoples" might be fairly recent (less than 2000 years ago) groups of henchmen, named for their weapon. --80.114.178.7 21:20, 9 May 2013 (UTC)

Garcicea
RFV of the etymology.

Until recently, w:García (surname) said etymology was uncertain. Now, thanks to edits of an anonIP, it says it's Basque. Sounds like someone on a crusade — but I don't know whether it's a crusade to spread correct information or a crusade to spread one possibility atthe expense of others. Anyone know? —msh210℠ (talk) 23:24, 28 April 2013 (UTC)


text:
overconcern

Noun

 * 1) excessive concern
 * 2) * October 1967,, interview with Herbert Gold in Paris Review
 * Now, if we want to pin down poshlost in contemporary writing, we must look for it in Freudian symbolism, moth-eaten mythologies, social comment, humanistic messages, political allegories, overconcern with class or race, and the journalistic generalities we all know.

Verb

 * 1)  To concern excessively.
 * Don't overconcern yourself with small details.

title: overconcern


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/volsъ

Alternative forms

 * : *vȏlsь

Etymology
From, , from , , from the root. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬. Akin to 🇨🇬, an Iranian borrowing.

Noun

 * 1) hair pigmented filament

Related terms

 * (probably from *pod-voldь-nъ-ka)
 * (probably from *pod-voldь-nъ-ka)
 * (probably from *pod-voldь-nъ-ka)
 * (probably from *pod-voldь-nъ-ka)
 * (probably from *pod-voldь-nъ-ka)

Descendants

 * East Slavic:
 * South Slavic:
 * (singular and dual only)
 * West Slavic:
 * Bohemian :
 * Sorbian:
 * South Slavic:
 * (singular and dual only)
 * West Slavic:
 * Bohemian :
 * Sorbian:
 * (singular and dual only)
 * West Slavic:
 * Bohemian :
 * Sorbian:
 * (singular and dual only)
 * West Slavic:
 * Bohemian :
 * Sorbian:
 * Bohemian :
 * Sorbian:
 * Sorbian:
 * Sorbian:
 * Sorbian:
 * Sorbian:
 * Sorbian:

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/volsъ


text:
結びの神

Etymology
Originally. The musuhi portion is itself a compound of +.

Musuhi no Kami is one of the kami of creation, responsible for producing heaven and earth and all things. The musuhi (“mystic power of growth”) eventually changed into musubi (“tying together”). The spelling for this portion is an example of ateji. In popular culture, this kami is now responsible for romantic matchmaking.

Proper noun

 * : the Japanese god of matchmaking, love and marriage
 * 1) a euphemism for a romantic matchmaker
 * : one of the Japanese gods of creation

Usage notes
Although Musubi no Kami and Musuhi no Kami are essentially regarded as typographical differences in the context of Shinto, the Musubi name appears to be generally reserved for the pop-culture romantic matchmaking senses, while the Musuhi name is generally used to indicate the kami responsible for producing all of existence.

title: 結びの神


text: ⰲⰾⰰⱄⱏ

title: ⰲⰾⰰⱄⱏ


text:
वल्श

Etymology
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Compare also perhaps 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) shoot, branch, twig

title: वल्श


text:
valai

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) house

Etymology
From, Cognate with 🇨🇬 (attested in ), 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) hair of the horse's tail

title: valai


text:
włose

Noun

 * 1) hair collection or mass of filaments of keratin growing from the skin of humans and animals, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole body
 * 1) hair collection or mass of filaments of keratin growing from the skin of humans and animals, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole body

title: włose


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/volsь

Descendants

 * South Slavic:

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/volsь


text:
волас

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) a hair,  (head of) hair

title: волас


text:
Template talk:indeclinable

This is a context label, but inflectional information isn't a context. It would be a bit like using "plural in -ren" on. Such information belongs either on the headword line or in an inflection section. 14:32, 13 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Disagree, because a word may be indeclinable for one definition but not for another, but be from the same etymology. So it needs to be used as a context label sometimes, and sometimes as part of the inflection line. We sometimes do put plurals of English words in context labels for the same reason. Mglovesfun (talk) 14:42, 13 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Can you give an example of that? It seems that by far the most uses of this label are actually (incorrectly) on the headword line, and very few are on the definition line. 14:50, 13 June 2013 (UTC)
 * In fairness... no. Mglovesfun (talk) 08:45, 14 June 2013 (UTC)

 * The declinability of Latin depends on usage, but it's a rare exception.  In Latin, indeclinable is marked on the headword line, and is indicated in the Inflection section, and so Latin does not make use of the template  . --EncycloPetey (talk) 01:53, 25 June 2013 (UTC)

 * Keep. Also, it used to show (indeclinable) (in round brackets and italic), now just "indeclinable". --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 02:11, 25 June 2013 (UTC)
 * That's because it is a context label. And we don't add inflectional information in translations. 11:44, 25 June 2013 (UTC)

 * @Anatoli: Where is it used? I've never seen this template in use anywhere. --EncycloPetey (talk) 20:52, 26 June 2013 (UTC)

title: Template talk:indeclinable


text: khateeb

title: khateeb


text: khateebs

title: khateebs


text:
khatib

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  A person who delivers the khutbah.

title: khatib


text: khatibs

title: khatibs


text:
włós

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) a hair

title: włós


text:
волосъ

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) (strand of) hair

title: волосъ


text:
Reconstruction talk:Proto-Slavic/volsь

Why masculine rather than feminine? Serbo-Croatian vlas is feminine, and Slovene lasje could easily be secondary (collective suffix -je). --Ivan Štambuk (talk)
 * Slovene exactly matches the Slavic masculine paradigm in the plural, I see no need to bring in "collectives". Aren't collectives normally neuter singular anyway? 18:21, 5 October 2013 (UTC)
 * In Serbo-Croatian Proto-Slavic i-stem masculines become o-stems. To my knowledge there are no cases that they switched to i-stem feminines. Slovene singular forms reflect *volsъ, and plural forms could easily be secondary otherwise it would be some kind of strange "mixed" o/i-stem paradigm. --Ivan Štambuk (talk) 19:09, 5 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Such a mixed paradigm is not unique in Slovene. There are other nouns with various degrees of irregularity. In particular, the nominative plural in -je (where -i is regular) is found in several nouns that are otherwise masculine o-stems. For example,, , , , . and  are clear loanwords (because f is not native to Slavic) but  is unambiguously a masculine i-stem.  19:17, 5 October 2013 (UTC)
 * These examples, if anything, prove that beside inherited i-stem masculines such as gost, the plural in -je was extended to inherited o-stems such as mož and zob. Which means that Slovene plural lasje could be secondary as well. OTOH, we have Serbo-Croatian i-stem feminine which couldn't have been inherited from i-stem masculine, because all of the Proto-Slavic i-stem masculines became o-stems in Serbo-Croatian. --Ivan Štambuk (talk) 20:58, 5 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Of course, that is true. But that doesn't explain the other irregular i-stem endings which has inherited, which are far rarer.  also has an inherited i-stem form, but it's only used in set phrases and it's not listed in the inflection table yet. I just wanted to illustrate that such paradigm mixing, with one or two irregular forms, is not unusual in Slovene. I think it's pretty much indisputable that -je is the inherited i-stem masculine nominative plural ending, not a collective ending. And while its presence on this noun is not conclusive evidence that it was an i-stem, it certainly speaks in favour of it especially when you also consider the other irregular endings which also match the Proto-Slavic i-stem paradigm. That, combined with the irregular inflection in Lower Sorbian, and the fact that Serbo-Croatian has an i-stem, says to me that this was a masculine i-stem in Proto-Slavic. Saying "all Proto-Slavic i-stem masculines became o-stems in Serbo-Croatian" is really a circular argument, because it would be rendered either true or false by this very example depending on what conclusion you draw.  21:09, 5 October 2013 (UTC)
 * How is it a circular argument? There are no known examples of Serbo-Croatian feminine i-stems reflecting Proto-Slavic masculine i-stems, this would be the only example. What singular endings in las point to original i-stem? --Ivan Štambuk (talk) 21:16, 5 October 2013 (UTC)
 * No singular endings do, but all of the plural ones do, and specifically to a masculine i-stem at that. We conclude that this is an example if a masculine i-stem that did not become an o-stem in SC, then it's false, but if we say it's not an example, then it's true. If we decide to use it as an argument against treating it as an example, then it becomes circular. Because you will be saying "it's not an example, because there are no examples". 21:22, 5 October 2013 (UTC)
 * But you yourself already showed that plural forms in -je in Slovene have spread to other classes beside inherited masculine i-stems. Why would vlasje be different than zobje?
 * That Proto-Slavic masculine i-stems become o-stems in Serbo-Croatian is fact that can be cited from the books. It's not a "circular argument" made up to invalidate the speculation that the original noun was not feminine, so as to promote the theory of lasje reflecting the supposed original masculine i-stem, of which traces can be found nowhere else. --Ivan Štambuk (talk) 21:33, 5 October 2013 (UTC)
 * What makes it different is that it also has other i-stem endings. Of course lasje and zobje could be the same, but then you're saying that lasje, which already has a full i-stem plural paradigm, nonetheless got its nominative plural by analogy with other inherited masculine i-stem nouns. That's kind of a strange argument. 21:39, 5 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Why is it strange that lasje got it by analogy, and it's not that strange zobje and others did not? --Ivan Štambuk (talk) 21:41, 5 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Because lasje already has an i-stem paradigm, like I said. zob is an inherited o-stem, which Baltic evidence (and I think other IE evidence) confirms. So its -je can't be inherited and must have come from another masculine i-stem. On the other hand, lasje already has a whole set of i-stem forms in the plural and it's very unlikely that all of those were taken from another i-stem noun wholesale. So the evidence clearly speaks in favour of an inherited i-stem paradigm, and this means that the ending -je is actually what's expected. If it's analogical, that just begs the question, what inherited ending could it have replaced? Itself? 21:55, 5 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Perhaps you misunderstood my question: which plural endings of zobje are different than that of lasje, with the latter more convincingly reflecting an inherited i-stem masculine plural forms rather than an analogical transfer to a different inflectional class? --Ivan Štambuk (talk) 22:20, 5 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Actually now that I look at it, zob has the exact same set of endings, but also has them in the dual, so that only the singular has o-stem endings. I didn't realise that and it's quite puzzling to me now. 22:23, 5 October 2013 (UTC)

title: Reconstruction talk:Proto-Slavic/volsь


text: Category:dsb:Teeth

title: Category:dsb:Teeth


text:
barnsteen

Etymology
From. The former part of the compound is related to the Dutch verb. Cognate to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) an amber stone, a fossil resin

Noun

 * 1) the material of a fossil resin

title: barnsteen


text:
nokś

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) nail thin, horny plate at the ends of fingers and toes, fingernail

title: nokś


text:
supply vessel

Noun

 * 1) A ship used to transport supplies to offshore installations such as oil and gas platforms.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish: forsyningsskib
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: huoltoalus
 * French:
 * German:
 * Italian: rifornitore
 * Maori: tima hari taonga
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: forsyningsskip
 * Nynorsk: forsyningsskip
 * Portuguese: reabastecedora

title: supply vessel


text:
Template:R:nl:Koenen 1987

Wolters' Woordenboek Nederlands Koenen, ISBN 90 01 96822 8 [Dutch dictionary, 28th ed.]

title: Template:R:nl:Koenen 1987


text:
barnsteengeel

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) amber (colour)

Noun

 * 1) amber (colour)

title: barnsteengeel


text:
תיק גב

Noun

 * 1) a backpack

title: תיק גב


text:
Template:R:nl:Koenen 1996

Wolters' Handwoordenboek Nederlands Koenen, ISBN 90-6648-607-4 [Dutch dictionary, 29th ed., new spelling]

title: Template:R:nl:Koenen 1996


text: humoristiskie

title: humoristiskie


text: humoristiskajiem

title: humoristiskajiem


text: humoristiskajai

title: humoristiskajai


text: humoristiskajos

title: humoristiskajos


text: humoristiskajās

title: humoristiskajās


text:
humoristiskāks

Adjective

 * 1) more humoristic, more humorous;

title: humoristiskāks


text: humoristiskāku

title: humoristiskāku


text: humoristiskāka

title: humoristiskāka


text:
Talk:goelasj

Protected
A certain pseudonymous user reverted a reliably sourced edit and abused their tools to lock the article for a month. --80.114.178.7 19:46, 5 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Next time try not carrying out an edit war. — Ungoliant (Falai) 12:48, 28 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Hi (possibly other) pseudonym. Are we trying to make a dictionary, or a place where errors of IRC kiddies may not be exposed? --80.114.178.7 21:21, 11 November 2013 (UTC)
 * German will not be loaned as Dutch, though it might be loaned as  (or goelas, but I have almost never heard that). And it was loaned as "goelasj", but the spelling "goulash" won in the end, probably helped by the spelling in French and English. --80.114.178.7 21:21, 11 November 2013 (UTC)

Relative commonness of the forms
FWIW, as of this writing, Google Books shows me 38 books that use goelasj as the Dutch word for this kind of soup (with some uses being in compounds) and 4 books that mention goelasj. More than 40 books use the phrase "Hongaarse goulash" in Dutch (and one book uses it in English). - -sche (discuss) 23:02, 19 December 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:goelasj


text: humoristiskāki

title: humoristiskāki


text:
humoristiskāk

Adverb

 * 1) more humoristic, more humorous, more humoristically, more humorously;

title: humoristiskāk


text: humoristiskākus

title: humoristiskākus


text:
humoristiskākā

Adjective

title: humoristiskākā


text: humoristiskākas

title: humoristiskākas


text: humoristiskākiem

title: humoristiskākiem


text:
humoristiskākās

Adjective

title: humoristiskākās


text:
humoristiskākos

Adjective

title: humoristiskākos


text: humoristiskākām

title: humoristiskākām


text: humoristiskākam

title: humoristiskākam


text: humoristiskākai

title: humoristiskākai


text:
humoristiskākais

Adjective

 * 1) the more humoristic, the more humorous;

title: humoristiskākais


text: humoristiskāko

title: humoristiskāko


text: humoristiskākajam

title: humoristiskākajam


text: humoristiskākajām

title: humoristiskākajām


text: humoristiskākajā

title: humoristiskākajā


text: humoristiskākie

title: humoristiskākie


text: humoristiskākajiem

title: humoristiskākajiem


text: humoristiskākajai

title: humoristiskākajai


text: humoristiskākajos

title: humoristiskākajos


text: humoristiskākajās

title: humoristiskākajās


text:
vishumoristiskākais

Adjective

 * 1) the most humoristic, the most humorous;

title: vishumoristiskākais


text: vishumoristiskāko

title: vishumoristiskāko


text: vishumoristiskākās

title: vishumoristiskākās


text: vishumoristiskākā

title: vishumoristiskākā


text: vishumoristiskākos

title: vishumoristiskākos


text: vishumoristiskākajam

title: vishumoristiskākajam


text: vishumoristiskākajām

title: vishumoristiskākajām


text:
self-righting

Adjective

 * 1)  Able to right itself if overturned.

Translations

 * Danish: selvoprettende

title: self-righting


text: vishumoristiskākajā

title: vishumoristiskākajā


text: vishumoristiskākie

title: vishumoristiskākie


text: vishumoristiskākajiem

title: vishumoristiskākajiem


text: vishumoristiskākajai

title: vishumoristiskākajai


text: vishumoristiskākajos

title: vishumoristiskākajos


text: vishumoristiskākajās

title: vishumoristiskākajās


text:
vishumoristiskāk

Adverb

 * 1) most humoristic, most humorous, most humoristically, most humorously;

title: vishumoristiskāk


text: komisku

title: komisku


text:
komiski

Adverb

 * 1) comical, humorous, comically, humorously;

title: komiski


text: komiskus

title: komiskus


text:
komiskā

Adjective

title: komiskā


text: komiskas

title: komiskas


text: komiskiem

title: komiskiem


text:
komiskās

Adjective

title: komiskās


text:
komiskos

Adjective

title: komiskos


text: komiskām

title: komiskām


text: komiskam

title: komiskam


text: komiskai

title: komiskai


text:
komiskais

Adjective

 * 1) the comical, the humorous;

title: komiskais


text: komisko

title: komisko


text: komiskajam

title: komiskajam


text: komiskajām

title: komiskajām


text: komiskajā

title: komiskajā


text: komiskie

title: komiskie


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-kati

Etymology
In Proto-Slavic, and probably Proto-Indo-European, many onomatopoeic sounds ended in */k/; for example: This caused the suffix *-k- to be reinterpreted as having expressive/onomatopoeic meaning.
 * *bьlkъ! → *bьlkati, *bьlčǫ/bьlkajǫ
 * post-PIE *plāk- → *plakati, *plačǫ (sę)

Cognate with 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬 (as in e.g. ) and Ancient Greek. Similar to 🇨🇬 (and from there with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, etc) even though technically not cognates.

Suffix

 * *ble! → *blekati, *blečǫ/*blekajǫ
 * *kra! → *krakati, *kračǫ
 * *kva! → *kvakati, *kvačǫ/*kvakajǫ
 * *bakati, *bakajǫ :
 * *blǫkati, *blǫkajǫ :
 * *brukati, *brukajǫ :
 * *čakati, *čakajǫ : *čajati/*čati, *čajǫ
 * → *běžьkati, *běžьkajǫ (of children)
 * *bosti, bodǫ → *bodьcati, *bodьcajǫ
 * → *běžьkati, *běžьkajǫ (of children)
 * *bosti, bodǫ → *bodьcati, *bodьcajǫ
 * *bosti, bodǫ → *bodьcati, *bodьcajǫ

Related terms

 * (parallel formation with the same meaning)

Derived terms

 * *-i-kati, -i-kajǫ (extended form)
 * *-u-kati, -u-kajǫ (extended form)
 * *-y-kati, -y-kajǫ (extended form)

Descendants

 * East Slavic:
 * South Slavic:
 * Old Church Slavonic:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Glagolitic:
 * West Slavic:
 * Sorbian:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Glagolitic:
 * West Slavic:
 * Sorbian:
 * West Slavic:
 * Sorbian:
 * West Slavic:
 * Sorbian:
 * West Slavic:
 * Sorbian:
 * Sorbian:
 * Sorbian:
 * Sorbian:

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-kati


text: komiskajiem

title: komiskajiem


text: komiskajai

title: komiskajai


text: komiskajās

title: komiskajās


text: komiskajos

title: komiskajos


text: komiskākais

title: komiskākais


text: komiskāku

title: komiskāku


text:
komiskāks

Adjective

 * 1) more comic, more humorous;

title: komiskāks


text: komiskāka

title: komiskāka


text: komiskāki

title: komiskāki


text:
komiskāk

Adverb

 * 1) more comical, more humorous, more comically, more humorously;

title: komiskāk


text: komiskākus

title: komiskākus


text:
komiskākā

Adjective

title: komiskākā


text: komiskākas

title: komiskākas


text: komiskākiem

title: komiskākiem


text:
komiskākās

Adjective

title: komiskākās


text:
komiskākos

Adjective

title: komiskākos


text: komiskākām

title: komiskākām


text: komiskākam

title: komiskākam


text: komiskākai

title: komiskākai


text: komiskāko

title: komiskāko


text: komiskākajam

title: komiskākajam


text:
philosophizable

Adjective

 * 1) Capable of being discussed in a philosophical context.

Translations

 * Catalan: filosofable
 * Greek: φιλοσοφήσιμος

title: philosophizable


text: komiskākajām

title: komiskākajām


text: komiskākajā

title: komiskākajā


text:
valtis

Etymology 1
Compare 🇨🇬, which according to Endzelīns is from, whence also and 🇨🇬. Smoczynski explains the word as originally meaning "an object made by nailing (boards together)", invoking 's secondary meaning of "to beat cloth".

Possibly the same word as Etymology 3 below,. Compare.

Noun

 * 1) boat
 * 2) dinghy
 * 1) dinghy
 * 1) dinghy

Derived terms

Etymology 2
Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, from, from. Related to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) panicle (of oats)

Etymology 3
Possibly the same word as Etymology 1 above,. Compare.

Noun

 * 1)  fishing net

title: valtis


text: komiskākie

title: komiskākie


text: komiskākajiem

title: komiskākajiem


text: komiskākajai

title: komiskākajai


text: komiskākajos

title: komiskākajos


text: komiskākajās

title: komiskākajās


text:
agflazione

Noun

 * 1) agflation

title: agflazione


text: vayvoda

title: vayvoda


text: vayvodas

title: vayvodas


text:
aggecchimento

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) degradation
 * 2) prostration

title: aggecchimento


text:
cross assembler

Noun

 * 1)  An assembler that generates code for a platform other than the one it runs on.

title: cross assembler


text:
aggradazione

Noun

 * 1)  aggradation

title: aggradazione


text: cross assemblers

title: cross assemblers


text: garbini

title: garbini


text: agherbino

title: agherbino


text:
romper suit

Noun

 * 1) a one-piece garment for an infant or small child; a onesie

title: romper suit


text: rompertje

title: rompertje


text: kruippakje

title: kruippakje


text:
kruippak

Noun

 * 1) romper, onesie

title: kruippak


text: Wiktionary:Foreign Word of the Day/2013/October 6


text:
viskomiskākais

Adjective

 * 1) the most comical, the most humorous;

title: viskomiskākais


text: viskomiskāko

title: viskomiskāko


text: viskomiskākās

title: viskomiskākās


text:
Boraginaceae

Etymology
.

Hypernyms

 * ,, , , euasterids I - clades; - order

Hyponyms

 * ,, , , , - subfamilies. See  and  for genera.

title: Boraginaceae


text: Category:tr:Nuts

title: Category:tr:Nuts


text: viskomiskākā

title: viskomiskākā


text: viskomiskākos

title: viskomiskākos


text: viskomiskākajam

title: viskomiskākajam


text: viskomiskākajām

title: viskomiskākajām


text: viskomiskākajā

title: viskomiskākajā


text: viskomiskākie

title: viskomiskākie


text: viskomiskākajiem

title: viskomiskākajiem


text: viskomiskākajai

title: viskomiskākajai


text: viskomiskākajos

title: viskomiskākajos


text: viskomiskākajās

title: viskomiskākajās


text:
viskomiskāk

Adverb

 * 1) most comical, most humorous, most comically, most humorously;

title: viskomiskāk


text:
in het lood

Prepositional phrase

 * 1) plumb; straight, at a right angle

title: in het lood


text:
uit het lood

Prepositional phrase

 * 1) not plumb; not straight, not at a right angle

title: uit het lood


text: komfortablu

title: komfortablu


text:
uit het lood slaan

Etymology
From, referring originally to a plumb bob which normally hangs straight down unless disturbed. To be hit thus means figuratively that one is brought out of one's natural state of balance or equilibrium.

Verb

 * 1)  to upset or disturb emotionally

title: uit het lood slaan


text: komfortabla

title: komfortabla


text:
uit het lood geslagen

Etymology
Past participle of.

Adjective

 * 1) upset, disturbed (emotionally)
 * 2) (feeling) defeated, desperate, hopeless

title: uit het lood geslagen


text:
komfortabli

Adverb

 * 1) comfortable, comfortably;

title: komfortabli


text: komfortablus

title: komfortablus


text:
komfortablā

Adjective

title: komfortablā


text: komfortablas

title: komfortablas


text: komfortabliem

title: komfortabliem


text:
komfortablās

Adjective

title: komfortablās


text:
komfortablos

Adjective

title: komfortablos


text: komfortablām

title: komfortablām


text: komfortablam

title: komfortablam


text: komfortablai

title: komfortablai


text:
komfortablais

Adjective

 * 1) the comfortable;

title: komfortablais


text: komfortablo

title: komfortablo


text: komfortablajam

title: komfortablajam


text: komfortablajām

title: komfortablajām


text: komfortablajā

title: komfortablajā


text: komfortablie

title: komfortablie


text: komfortablajiem

title: komfortablajiem


text: komfortablajai

title: komfortablajai


text: komfortablajos

title: komfortablajos


text: komfortablajās

title: komfortablajās


text:
komfortablāks

Adjective

 * 1) more comfortable;

title: komfortablāks


text: komfortablāku

title: komfortablāku


text: komfortablāka

title: komfortablāka


text: komfortablāki

title: komfortablāki


text:
komfortablāk

Adverb

 * 1) more comfortable, more comfortably;

title: komfortablāk


text: komfortablākus

title: komfortablākus


text:
komfortablākā

Adjective

title: komfortablākā


text: komfortablākas

title: komfortablākas


text: komfortablākiem

title: komfortablākiem


text:
komfortablākās

Adjective

title: komfortablākās


text:
komfortablākos

Adjective

title: komfortablākos


text: komfortablākām

title: komfortablākām


text: komfortablākam

title: komfortablākam


text: komfortablākai

title: komfortablākai


text:
komfortablākais

Adjective

 * 1) the more comfortable;

title: komfortablākais


text: komfortablāko

title: komfortablāko


text: komfortablākajam

title: komfortablākajam


text:
moerasboot

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) airboat

title: moerasboot


text: komfortablākajām

title: komfortablākajām


text: komfortablākajā

title: komfortablākajā


text: komfortablākie

title: komfortablākie


text: komfortablākajiem

title: komfortablākajiem


text: komfortablākajai

title: komfortablākajai


text: komfortablākajos

title: komfortablākajos


text: komfortablākajās

title: komfortablākajās


text:
viskomfortablākais

Adjective

 * 1) the most comfortable;

title: viskomfortablākais


text: viskomfortablāko

title: viskomfortablāko


text: viskomfortablākās

title: viskomfortablākās


text: viskomfortablākā

title: viskomfortablākā


text: viskomfortablākos

title: viskomfortablākos


text: viskomfortablākajam

title: viskomfortablākajam


text: viskomfortablākajām

title: viskomfortablākajām


text: viskomfortablākajā

title: viskomfortablākajā


text: viskomfortablākie

title: viskomfortablākie


text:
drasland

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) wetland, marshland

title: drasland


text: viskomfortablākajiem

title: viskomfortablākajiem


text: viskomfortablākajai

title: viskomfortablākajai


text: viskomfortablākajos

title: viskomfortablākajos


text: viskomfortablākajās

title: viskomfortablākajās


text:
wizenedness

Noun

 * 1) The quality of being wizened.

title: wizenedness


text:
Template:R:sla:SLA

[ “ ”] in The Slavic Linguistic Atlas

title: Template:R:sla:SLA


text:
viskomfortablāk

Adverb

 * 1) most comfortable, most comfortably;

title: viskomfortablāk


text:
pili nut

Noun

 * 1) The edible seed of, a tree native to the maritime tropics from the edge of Southeast Asia to the edge of Australia.

title: pili nut


text:
dorchacht

Etymology
From. .

Noun

 * 1) darkness, blackness
 * 2) eclipse
 * 3) mysteriousness

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) darkness
 * 2) * c. 1400, trans. Cath Mhuighe Léana in the Yellow Book of Lecan, Trinity MS 1318, 108.13
 * "mga"

- re lán dhorchacht

 * 1) obscurity
 * 2) dimness of sight

title: dorchacht


text:
palm nut

Noun

 * 1) The edible seed of, the oil palm

title: palm nut


text:
schillersk

Adjective

 * 1) Schillerian, belonging or pertaining to someone named Schiller, in particular the German poet Friedrich Schiller

Usage notes

 * Schillerska gymnasiet is a secondary school in Gothenburg which has its name from its founder Axel Lewton Schiller. This is one rare instance where the adjective doesn't refer to Friedrich Schiller.

title: schillersk


text:
heartnut

Noun

 * 1) The edible seed of a Japanese species of walnut,.

title: heartnut


text:
ginkgo nut

Noun

 * 1) The edible seed of the ginkgo,.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch: ginkgonoot
 * Finnish: neidonhiuspuun siemen

title: ginkgo nut


text:
malwod

Etymology
From, from , from , , from.

Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, (compare 🇨🇬). Also see 🇨🇬, which could be related.

Noun

 * 1) snails
 * 2) slugs

title: malwod


text:
piuria

Noun

 * 1) pyuria

title: piuria


text:
kola nut

Etymology
Compound of

Noun

 * 1) The edible seed of the kola tree,  and related species, used as a flavoring and as a source of caffeine.

Translations

 * Adja: golo
 * Aghem: ébiá
 * Akan: bese, bɩsɩ
 * Akoose: abii
 * Bade: goorón
 * Bafanji: pi
 * Bambara: wòro
 * Bissa: guuru
 * Bongili: ibelu
 * Chumburung: kapo̱se̱e̱
 * Dagbani: guli
 * Dii: gʉ̀ʉ̀
 * Djimini: gbɛsɛ
 * Dyula: wolo, woro
 * Eastern Maninkakan: wòro
 * Edo: ẹvbẹe
 * Finnish:
 * Fon: gbawunjà
 * Fula: gooro, goro
 * German:
 * Gikyode: gɛpusɛɛ
 * Gonja: kapushe
 * Gourmanchéma: guoli
 * Gun:
 * Gur Lama: korʋ
 * Gusilay: fúkuuruwa
 * Hausa:
 * Hindi:
 * Humburi Senni: góorò
 * Ifè: gɔ̀ɔ́rɔ̀
 * Igbo:
 * Italian: noce di cola
 * Jamaican Creole: bissy
 * Jamsay: gǒorò
 * Kabiye: kɔɔyɛ
 * Kanuri: góro
 * Karekare: gōrṑ
 * Kasem: goori, gwe
 * Konkomba: liguunl
 * Koonzime: gʉrʉ
 * Lagwan: goro
 * Lika: lɨgɔ
 * Mandinka: kùruwo
 * Mbelime: hùodè
 * Mbuko: guro
 * Mmen: epî
 * Moba: guol, gɔa
 * Moore: gʋʋre
 * Nafaanra: kpahɛ
 * Nawdm: goor
 * Ngamo: goorò
 * Ngbaka: màkó
 * Ngwo: éfi
 * Nkonya: bɩsɩ
 * Ntcham: digoondi
 * Nupe: ebì
 * Pagibete: egó
 * Podoko: garəwə
 * Saxwe Gbe: ovi
 * Sisaala: gúorí
 * Soninke: goro
 * Southern Samo: wòro
 * Tampulma: goora
 * Tem: gɔɔ́rɔ
 * Tikar: ŋ̀gæ̀n
 * Turka: worow
 * Uldeme: gwaro
 * Vame: gwaru
 * Wandala: gwarau
 * Wolof: guru
 * Yamba: dzə̀
 * Yoruba: obì
 * Zarma: góorò
 * Zulgo-Gemzek: gwarwa

title: kola nut


text:
zems

Etymology
From the same stem as, of which it is an adjectival form. Cognates include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 (adveribal form).

Adjective

 * 1) low, short having relatively little distance from top to bottom; having low height
 * 2) low having lower height than the average individual of its type
 * 3) low located relatively close to the floor, or to the ground, a surface of water, etc.
 * 4) low located close to the horizon
 * 5) low situated at a level below that of the rest of the landscape
 * 6) low, small, not important; not reaching the normal level
 * 7) low not satisfying certain requirements or expectations
 * 8)  low not having an respectable or important position in society, at work, etc.
 * 9) low, shallow, unworthy, unimportant
 * 10) low not respectful; not following accepted norms
 * 11)  low, deep having sounds from the lower octaves
 * 12) low expressing the opinion that something is low, shallow, unworthy, unimportant
 * 13) low, dishonest, cruel, immoral, ignoble; expressing such qualities
 * 1) low located close to the horizon
 * 2) low situated at a level below that of the rest of the landscape
 * 3) low, small, not important; not reaching the normal level
 * 4) low not satisfying certain requirements or expectations
 * 5)  low not having an respectable or important position in society, at work, etc.
 * 6) low, shallow, unworthy, unimportant
 * 7) low not respectful; not following accepted norms
 * 8)  low, deep having sounds from the lower octaves
 * 9) low expressing the opinion that something is low, shallow, unworthy, unimportant
 * 10) low, dishonest, cruel, immoral, ignoble; expressing such qualities
 * 1) low not satisfying certain requirements or expectations
 * 2)  low not having an respectable or important position in society, at work, etc.
 * 3) low, shallow, unworthy, unimportant
 * 4) low not respectful; not following accepted norms
 * 5)  low, deep having sounds from the lower octaves
 * 6) low expressing the opinion that something is low, shallow, unworthy, unimportant
 * 7) low, dishonest, cruel, immoral, ignoble; expressing such qualities
 * 1) low not satisfying certain requirements or expectations
 * 2)  low not having an respectable or important position in society, at work, etc.
 * 3) low, shallow, unworthy, unimportant
 * 4) low not respectful; not following accepted norms
 * 5)  low, deep having sounds from the lower octaves
 * 6) low expressing the opinion that something is low, shallow, unworthy, unimportant
 * 7) low, dishonest, cruel, immoral, ignoble; expressing such qualities
 * 1)  low not having an respectable or important position in society, at work, etc.
 * 2) low, shallow, unworthy, unimportant
 * 3) low not respectful; not following accepted norms
 * 4)  low, deep having sounds from the lower octaves
 * 5) low expressing the opinion that something is low, shallow, unworthy, unimportant
 * 6) low, dishonest, cruel, immoral, ignoble; expressing such qualities
 * 1) low not respectful; not following accepted norms
 * 2)  low, deep having sounds from the lower octaves
 * 3) low expressing the opinion that something is low, shallow, unworthy, unimportant
 * 4) low, dishonest, cruel, immoral, ignoble; expressing such qualities
 * 1) low expressing the opinion that something is low, shallow, unworthy, unimportant
 * 2) low, dishonest, cruel, immoral, ignoble; expressing such qualities
 * 1) low expressing the opinion that something is low, shallow, unworthy, unimportant
 * 2) low, dishonest, cruel, immoral, ignoble; expressing such qualities
 * 1) low expressing the opinion that something is low, shallow, unworthy, unimportant
 * 2) low, dishonest, cruel, immoral, ignoble; expressing such qualities
 * 1) low, dishonest, cruel, immoral, ignoble; expressing such qualities
 * 1) low, dishonest, cruel, immoral, ignoble; expressing such qualities

title: zems


text:
vetoomustuomioistuin

Noun

 * 1)  appellate court, court of appeals court having jurisdiction to hear appeals and review a lower court's decisions
 * 2) court of arbitration
 * urheilun vetoomustuomioistuin
 * Court of Arbitration for Sport

Usage notes

 * In legal translations to Finnish that are used as evidence of rights or obligations before a Finnish authority, a foreign appellate court is by convention referred to with this general term (with the source-language name of the court in brackets).

title: vetoomustuomioistuin


text:
melc'hwed

Etymology
From, from , , from ; compare 🇨🇬); akin to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Also see 🇨🇬, which could be related. Cf. also Romanian.

Noun

 * 1) snails
 * 2) slugs

Synonyms

 * buoc’h lard
 * buoc’h lard

Hyponyms

 * melc’hwed krogennek

title: melc'hwed


text:
Template:Buxaceae Hypernyms

, eudicots - clades; Buxales - order; Buxaceae - family

title: Template:Buxaceae Hypernyms


text:
Template:Buxaceae Hypernyms/documentation

This is a typing shortcut intended for use under the Hypernyms header of taxa under family Buxaceae. It can also be used with subst:.


text:
Bambara groundnut

Noun

 * 1) The edible seed of an African plant of species, which produces its seeds underground, like peanuts.

Translations

 * Dutch: bosnegerpinda
 * Sranan Tongo: gobogobo
 * Yoruba: ẹ̀pà ròro

title: Bambara groundnut


text:
zemums

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) lowness; low height the quality of that which is low
 * 2) low area, lower than its surroundings
 * 3)  lowness
 * 1) low area, lower than its surroundings
 * 2)  lowness
 * 1)  lowness
 * 1)  lowness

title: zemums


text: zemumu

title: zemumu


text: zemumam

title: zemumam


text: zemuma

title: zemuma


text: zemumā

title: zemumā


text:
Tahitian chestnut

Noun

 * 1) A tropical tree native from Malaysia across the southern Pacific.
 * 2) The edible seed of this tree.
 * 1) The edible seed of this tree.

Translations

 * Fijian:
 * Japanese: タイヘイヨウグルミ
 * Kaulong: sangga
 * Malay: gayam,
 * Mokilese: mwoaroapw
 * Pohnpeian: mwoaroapw, mworopw
 * Samoan: ifi
 * Tahitian: māpē
 * Tongan: ifi

title: Tahitian chestnut


text:
zemu

Adverb

 * 1) low;

title: zemu


text:
Malabar chestnut

Noun

 * 1) The edible seed of a tropical tree,, also known as the money tree.

title: Malabar chestnut


text: zemus

title: zemus


text:
zemā

Adjective

title: zemā


text:
անսպառ

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) inexhaustible, unlimited, boundless
 * 2)  abundant, plentiful, ample

title: անսպառ


text:
雄狐

Noun

 * 1) reynard

title: 雄狐


text:
牝狐

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1) vixen
 * 2) vixen

title: 牝狐


text:
雄狼

Noun

 * 1)  male wolf

Antonyms

 * : a female wolf; a she-wolf

title: 雄狼


text:
数学者

Noun

 * 1) mathematician

title: 数学者


text:
雌狼

Noun

 * 1)  A female wolf; a she-wolf; a bitch.

Antonyms

 * : a male wolf.

title: 雌狼


text:
雄猫

Noun

 * 1) a male cat

Antonyms

 * : a female cat; a she-cat

title: 雄猫


text:
雌猫

Noun

 * 1)  female cat; she-cat

Antonyms

 * : male cat

title: 雌猫


text:
σκούφος

Noun

 * 1) knitted cap or hat, beanie, toque
 * 2) skullcap, yarmulke, kippah
 * 3) bathing cap

title: σκούφος


text:
turn up trumps

Verb

 * 1)  To end up being successful when doing so was uncertain or unlikely.

title: turn up trumps


text: αδιάφθορου

title: αδιάφθορου


text: αδιαφθόρου

title: αδιαφθόρου


text: αδιαφθόρων

title: αδιαφθόρων


text: αδιάφθορων

title: αδιάφθορων


text: αδιάφθορους

title: αδιάφθορους


text: αδιαφθόρους

title: αδιαφθόρους


text: αδιάφθορο

title: αδιάφθορο


text: αδιάφθορε

title: αδιάφθορε


text: αδιάφθοροι

title: αδιάφθοροι


text:
исчерпывать

Verb

 * 1) to exhaust

title: исчерпывать


text: αδιάφθορη

title: αδιάφθορη


text: αδιάφθορης

title: αδιάφθορης


text: αδιάφθορες

title: αδιάφθορες


text: αδιάφθορα

title: αδιάφθορα


text: zemas

title: zemas


text: zemiem

title: zemiem


text:
zemās

Adjective

title: zemās


text: zemām

title: zemām


text: zemam

title: zemam


text: zemai

title: zemai


text:
исчерпывающий

Adjective

 * 1) exhaustive, thorough, comprehensive, holistic

title: исчерпывающий


text:
subháilceach

Etymology
From.

title: subháilceach


text:
Capsiceae

Etymology
From.

Hypernyms

 * ; - subfamily

title: Capsiceae


text:
agiotoponimo

Noun

 * 1) hagiotoponym

title: agiotoponimo


text:
hagiotoponym

Noun

 * 1)  The name of a place that is dedicated to a particular saint

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese: hagiotopónimo, hagiotopônimo

title: hagiotoponym


text:
agnatia

Noun

 * 1)  agnathia

Noun

 * 1)  agnathia congenital lack of a jaw

title: agnatia


text:
чрезвычайный

Etymology
From +. Compare 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) exceptional, special, extraordinary

title: чрезвычайный


text:
agnatico

Adjective

 * 1) agnatic

title: agnatico


text:
subháilce

Etymology
From.

title: subháilce


text:
agrammatismo

Etymology
From. .

Noun

 * 1)  agrammatism

title: agrammatismo


text:
agremano

Noun

 * 1) decorative, braided border

title: agremano


text:
agrestezza

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) rusticity
 * 2) crudity

title: agrestezza


text:
agrizoofobia

Noun

 * 1) agrizoophobia

title: agrizoofobia


text:
subha

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) gladness, joy

title: subha


text: agugliata

title: agugliata


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kolěno

Etymology
Formed as, of disputed origin. Proposed etymologies include: Akin to 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬. Arguably, further related to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.
 * From or  . Possibly, via s-extension, the origin of 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.
 * From, often claimed as the origin of 🇨🇬 and (first part of).
 * Occassionally compared to 🇨🇬, of disputed descent. Perhaps from.

Secondary meaning “lineage” is sometimes considered unrelated, commonly linked with  of uncertain origin. According to some interpretations, from 🇨🇬 (whence 🇨🇬).

Noun

 * 1)  knee
 * 2)  lineage, pedigree

Descendants

 * East Slavic:
 * South Slavic:
 * Old Church Slavonic:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Glagolitic:
 * West Slavic:
 * Pomeranian:
 * Sorbian:
 * Glagolitic:
 * West Slavic:
 * Pomeranian:
 * Sorbian:
 * West Slavic:
 * Pomeranian:
 * Sorbian:
 * West Slavic:
 * Pomeranian:
 * Sorbian:
 * Pomeranian:
 * Sorbian:
 * Pomeranian:
 * Sorbian:
 * Sorbian:
 * Sorbian:
 * Sorbian:

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kolěno


text:
agugliatore

Noun

 * 1) needleworker

title: agugliatore


text:
aguglieria

Noun

 * 1) knitting

title: aguglieria


text:
kóleno

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) knee

title: kóleno


text:
rolprent

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) film, movie

Etymology
Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1)  film, movie

title: rolprent


text:
бракованный

Adjective

 * 1) defective, flawed

title: бракованный


text:
ёмкий

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) capacious
 * 2) pithy, succinct, laconic, concise

title: ёмкий


text: agumento

title: agumento


text: agumina

title: agumina


text:
agyrofobia

Noun

 * 1) agyrophobia (fear of crossing the road)

title: agyrofobia


text:
kśidło

Etymology
From ; cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬. The sense ‘grand piano’ is a.

Noun

 * 1) wing part of an animal; part of an airplane; fraction of a political movement
 * 2) grand piano

title: kśidło


text: Category:dsb:Aircraft

title: Category:dsb:Aircraft


text: Category:dsb:Politics

title: Category:dsb:Politics


text: Category:dsb:Aviation

title: Category:dsb:Aviation


text:
aiale

Noun

 * 1) a clearing in the woods where charcoal is made

title: aiale


text:
aicmofobia

Noun

 * 1) aichmophobia

title: aicmofobia


text: nessies

title: nessies


text: nessie

title: nessie


text: aiduco

title: aiduco


text:
zemisks

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) lowly, base, mean, vile, despicable having an immoral, villainous attitude towards others; expressing such attitude

title: zemisks


text:
subae

Etymology
From, from. Compare the formation of the antonym.

Noun

 * 1) joy, pleasure, happiness, merriment
 * "a subae" glosses
 * "int suibi" glosses
 * "a subae" glosses
 * "int suibi" glosses
 * "int suibi" glosses

title: subae


text:
aiutorio

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  help, assistance, aid

title: aiutorio


text:
zemiskums

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) vileness, baseness, meanness the quality or state of that which is vile, base, mean, lowly

title: zemiskums


text:
subach

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) cheerful, merry, happy

title: subach


text: zemiskumu

title: zemiskumu


text: zemiskumā

title: zemiskumā


text: zemiskuma

title: zemiskuma


text: zemiskumam

title: zemiskumam


text:
zemais

Adjective

 * 1) the low;

title: zemais


text: zemo

title: zemo


text: zemajam

title: zemajam


text: zemajām

title: zemajām


text: zemajā

title: zemajā


text:
subhach

Etymology
From ; etymologically analyzable as.

Adjective

 * 1) pleasant, cheerful, merry, comfortable

title: subhach


text: zemie

title: zemie


text: zemajiem

title: zemajiem


text: zemajai

title: zemajai


text: zemajos

title: zemajos


text: zemajās

title: zemajās


text:
zemāks

Adjective

 * 1) lower;

title: zemāks


text: zemāku

title: zemāku


text: zemāka

title: zemāka


text: zemāki

title: zemāki


text:
zemāk

Adverb

 * 1) lower;

title: zemāk


text: zemākus

title: zemākus


text:
zemākā

Adjective

title: zemākā


text: zemākas

title: zemākas


text: zemākiem

title: zemākiem


text:
zemākās

Adjective

title: zemākās


text:
zemākos

Adjective

title: zemākos


text: zemākām

title: zemākām


text: zemākam

title: zemākam


text: zemākai

title: zemākai


text:
User talk:Alborzagros

welcome
Welcome!

Hello, welcome to Wiktionary, and thank you for your contributions so far.

If you are unfamiliar with wiki editing, take a look at Help:How to edit a page. It is a concise list of technical guidelines to the wiki format we use here: how to, for example, make text boldfaced or create hyperlinks. Feel free to practice in the sandbox. If you would like a slower introduction we have a short tutorial.

These links may help you familiarize yourself with Wiktionary:

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 * Our Criteria for inclusion (CFI) define exactly which words can be added to Wiktionary, though it may be a bit technical and longwinded. The most important part is that Wiktionary only accepts words that have been in somewhat widespread use over the course of at least a year, and citations that demonstrate usage can be asked for when there is doubt.
 * If you already have some experience with editing our sister project Wikipedia, then you may find our guide to Wikipedia users useful.
 * The FAQ aims to answer most of your remaining questions, and there are several help pages that you can browse for more information.
 * A glossary of our technical jargon, and some hints for dealing with the more common communication issues.
 * If you have anything to ask about or suggest, we have several discussion rooms. Feel free to ask any other editors in person if you have any problems or question, by posting a message on their talk page.

You are encouraged to add a BabelBox to your userpage. This shows which languages you know, so other editors know which languages you'll be working on, and what they can ask you for help with.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! If you have any questions, bring them to the Information desk, or ask me on my talk page. If you do so, please sign your posts with four tildes: ~ which automatically produces your username and the current date and time.

Again, welcome! -- Cirt (talk) 09:24, 6 October 2013 (UTC)

Wikisaurus:sanction
Why did you create Wikisaurus:sanction, given that Wikisaurus:prohibit already exists?

Why did you place the following in the entry, given that the target of the link does not show any content?

Babel
Would you place on your user page? I'd appreciate it. --Dan Polansky (talk) 09:33, 14 June 2014 (UTC)

Wikollocation
You barely started editing here, did not even earn your autopatroller flag, and you start things like this? You should have at least brought it at WT:Beer parlour. Not that I dislike the idea, but the name and execution are terrible. — Keφr 08:14, 18 June 2014 (UTC)

title: User talk:Alborzagros


text:
zemākais

Adjective

 * 1) the lower;

title: zemākais


text: zemāko

title: zemāko


text: zemākajam

title: zemākajam


text: zemākajām

title: zemākajām


text: zemākajā

title: zemākajā


text: zemākie

title: zemākie


text: zemākajiem

title: zemākajiem


text: zemākajai

title: zemākajai


text: zemākajos

title: zemākajos


text: zemākajās

title: zemākajās


text:
viszemākais

Adjective

 * 1) the lowest;

title: viszemākais


text:
коя

Etymology 1
From, cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Attested mainly with pejorative sense to heed, to soothe > to please one's desires in its perfective form *коя̀вам > куѐвам (with dialectal reduction of unaccented median *-o- > -у-).

In other Slavic languages, the same verb has drifted towards the meaning to nurse like in 🇨🇬, dialectal 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to please, to satisfy child's desires

Etymology 2
Feminine form of, from.

Pronoun

 * 1) ; who, what, which

title: коя


text: viszemāko

title: viszemāko


text: viszemākās

title: viszemākās


text: viszemākā

title: viszemākā


text: viszemākos

title: viszemākos


text: viszemākajam

title: viszemākajam


text: viszemākajām

title: viszemākajām


text: viszemākajā

title: viszemākajā


text: viszemākie

title: viszemākie


text:
subhachas

Etymology
From. .

Noun

 * 1) gladness, mirth, joy, joyfulness, pleasure; cheerfulness, merriness

title: subhachas


text: viszemākajiem

title: viszemākajiem


text: viszemākajai

title: viszemākajai


text: viszemākajos

title: viszemākajos


text: viszemākajās

title: viszemākajās


text:
viszemāk

Adverb

 * 1) lowest;

title: viszemāk


text: caurspīdīgu

title: caurspīdīgu


text: caurspīdīga

title: caurspīdīga


text:
caurspīdīgi

Adverb

 * 1) transparent, transparently;

title: caurspīdīgi


text: caurspīdīgus

title: caurspīdīgus


text:
caurspīdīgā

Adjective

title: caurspīdīgā


text: caurspīdīgas

title: caurspīdīgas


text:
subachus

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) cheerfulness, gladness, joy, mirth
 * sobraig a sobria .i. ōn subhachus
 * sobraig a sobria .i. ōn subhachus

title: subachus


text: caurspīdīgiem

title: caurspīdīgiem


text:
caurspīdīgās

Adjective

title: caurspīdīgās


text:
caurspīdīgos

Adjective

title: caurspīdīgos


text: caurspīdīgām

title: caurspīdīgām


text: caurspīdīgam

title: caurspīdīgam


text: caurspīdīgai

title: caurspīdīgai


text:
brjuch

Etymology
From ; cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) belly abdomen

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  abdomen, belly

title: brjuch


text:
caurspīdīgais

Adjective

 * 1) the transparent;

title: caurspīdīgais


text: caurspīdīgo

title: caurspīdīgo


text: caurspīdīgajam

title: caurspīdīgajam


text: caurspīdīgajām

title: caurspīdīgajām


text: caurspīdīgajā

title: caurspīdīgajā


text: caurspīdīgie

title: caurspīdīgie


text: caurspīdīgajiem

title: caurspīdīgajiem


text: caurspīdīgajai

title: caurspīdīgajai


text: caurspīdīgajos

title: caurspīdīgajos


text: caurspīdīgajās

title: caurspīdīgajās


text:
caurspīdīgāks

Adjective

 * 1) more transparent;

title: caurspīdīgāks


text: caurspīdīgāku

title: caurspīdīgāku


text: caurspīdīgāka

title: caurspīdīgāka


text: caurspīdīgāki

title: caurspīdīgāki


text:
Lycianthes

Hypernyms

 * ; - subfamily;  - tribe

title: Lycianthes


text:
caurspīdīgāk

Adverb

 * 1) more transparent, more transparently;

title: caurspīdīgāk


text:
transparentā

Adjective

title: transparentā


text: alifante

title: alifante


text: transparentu

title: transparentu


text: transparentam

title: transparentam


text:
γερούνδιο

Noun

 * 1)  gerund

title: γερούνδιο


text: transparentus

title: transparentus


text: aligusta

title: aligusta


text:
transparentos

Adjective

title: transparentos


text: transparentiem

title: transparentiem