text:
User talk:Smettems

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The link was wrong, it is User Talk:Inqilābī where it was agreed that even though these were inherited from their early NIA form, these Persian loans were reinforced through Persianisation in the modern NIA languages. - ⸘ - dictātor · mundī  04:55, 28 April 2021 (UTC)
 * I see that now. However, as you note, (depending on the term) it's reinforcement, not reborrowing. कतेब -> किताब is a clear reborrowing. But omr अबीर -> mr अबीर is a reinforcement, meaning it was inherited and then constrained by knowledge of Urdu/Persian. Smettems (talk) 17:55, 28 April 2021 (UTC)
 * You are actually right that some are cases of reborrowings while others are cases of reinforcements, but it was agreed to always categorize all such words indiscriminately as borrowings from Persian because a case-by-case basis could often be blurry. The consensus reached in that discussion helped to standardise our etymologies for Persian loans, so I would like you to slacken your view on this. Thanks. - ⸘ - dictātor · mundī  20:20, 28 April 2021 (UTC)
 * I'm afraid I'm not in agreement with this. Neither has this consensus been voted upon (if I'm not mistaken, this was a consensus formed by only 3 editors, with minimal input from a fourth), nor is the consensus even logical. This is wiktionary, we must consider each word on a case by case basis. Smettems (talk) 23:23, 28 April 2021 (UTC)
 * What do you think about changes like, ?– Smettems argues that: 1) not all instances of an early NIA loan from Persian were reinforced by Persian in New NIA (with the effect that a NIA word would not be categorized as und in every case), and 2) not all NIA words (deriving from Persian) should be categorized as descendants of its early NIA form (with the effect that a NIA word would not be categorized as ‘first attested as und’ in every case); but instead the etymology of each word should be determined “on a case by case basis”. Therefor, this conviction of Smettems’s has dealt a blow to our policy made here. I would just say that determining etymologies with precision (as Smettems wants) is problematic because there are not (etymological) dictionaries dedicated to precise etymologies, so that any instances of such ‘precise etymologies’ would amount to original research by the editor. The main point to ponder on is, we can never confidently tell in which cases the early NIA word wholly died out: often there’s the case of partial inheritance from the early NIA word; likewise we can never confidently tell in which cases the Persian etymon played no role in reinforcing the word originally attested in the early NIA stage. Taking to a case-by-case approach would lead to our etymologies becoming an unsystematic mess, and utter chaos would result from the inconsistency. (Also ) - ⸘ - dictātor · mundī  11:42, 17 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Apparently Smettems is not in favour of the new policy. I agree that we can never confidently tell in which cases the Persian etymon played no role in reinforcing the word originally attested in the early NIA stage and also we can never confidently tell in which cases the early NIA word wholly died out. @Smettems: don't go doing this again and again as you did recently at (Old) Hindi अपराधी. This was well-discussed and is fine. 🔥 शब्दशोधक 🔥 12:21, 17 May 2021 (UTC)
 * The inability to determine etymologies with precision between Early and Modern NIA is an important reason for the new policy, and adding additional precision beyond wiki in the wording of etymology sections could be considered original research. Kutchkutch (talk) 13:09, 17 May 2021 (UTC)
 * @Smettems: The wording ‘Superseded by’ should be used only for a different term, for it is not applicable. - ⸘ -  dictātor · mundī  12:18, 17 May 2021 (UTC)
 * How about a compromise: if I understand correctly, you, Inqilābī are concerned with the categorisation (of NIA terms as Persian borrowings) whereas Smettems does not want to use  without exception. What I suggest is, in entries where one can't decide if it was borrowed into early NIA and inherited by modern NIA or borrowed directly by the modern NIA languages, the following may be used:   It will of course categorise the word as a Persian borrowing and as an inherited term, which is what was agreed to. -- 𝓑𝓱𝓪𝓰𝓪𝓭𝓪𝓽𝓽𝓪(𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴)  13:45, 17 May 2021 (UTC)
 * After this, the issue that remains is, which terms are reinforcements and which are direct borrowings (note that "reborrowing" means something rather different). How do you propose to decide that? By going by the structure of the word? -- 𝓑𝓱𝓪𝓰𝓪𝓭𝓪𝓽𝓽𝓪(𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴)  13:52, 17 May 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Smettems


text: gresken

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: gresken


text:
heck board

Noun

 * 1) The loose board at the bottom or back of a cart.

title: heck board


text:
salt bottom

Noun

 * 1)  A flat piece of ground covered with saline efflorescences.

title: salt bottom


text:
Talk:茨

Mandarin readings
Can it be added in which contexts the two different Mandarin readings are used? 173.89.236.187 22:42, 13 May 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:茨


text:
hornpox

Noun

 * 1) abortive smallpox with an eruption like that of chickenpox

title: hornpox


text:
horn slate

Noun

 * 1) A gray siliceous stone.

title: horn slate


text:
dead freight

Noun

 * 1) A sum of money paid by a person who charters a whole vessel but fails to make out a full cargo. The payment is made for the unoccupied capacity.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish:
 * Finnish: kuollut rahti
 * French:
 * German: Fehlfracht, Fautfracht, Ausfallfracht
 * Greek:
 * Swedish: dödfrakt
 * Turkish:

title: dead freight


text:
dead oil

Noun

 * 1) The heavy oil obtained in the distillation of coal tar, containing phenol, naphthalus, etc.

title: dead oil


text: yawaragu

title: yawaragu


text:
Fennich

Etymology
From ; cf. 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  a particular sort of panic or millet

title: Fennich


text: kristent

title: kristent


text: jiku

title: jiku


text:
fruktbar

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) fertile
 * 2) fruitful

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) fertile
 * 2) fruitful

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) fertile

title: fruktbar


text: yatsu

title: yatsu


text:
みめ

Noun

 * 1)  noble's wife

title: みめ


text:
speak someone's language

Verb

 * 1)  To speak about concerns, feelings, ideas, etc. which someone understands well and can relate to intimately.
 * 2) * 2010 Sept. 6, Kayla Webley, "The Skimmer" (Book Review: The Pain Chronicles by Melanie Thernstrom), Time (retrieved 13 May 2014) :
 * If you are one of the more than 70 million Americans who suffer from chronic hurt, The Pain Chronicles could very well be the first time you hear from someone who speaks your language.
 * 1) * 2010 Sept. 6, Kayla Webley, "The Skimmer" (Book Review: The Pain Chronicles by Melanie Thernstrom), Time (retrieved 13 May 2014) :
 * If you are one of the more than 70 million Americans who suffer from chronic hurt, The Pain Chronicles could very well be the first time you hear from someone who speaks your language.
 * If you are one of the more than 70 million Americans who suffer from chronic hurt, The Pain Chronicles could very well be the first time you hear from someone who speaks your language.

Translations

 * Finnish: puhua asiaa
 * French:
 * German:
 * Polish: mówić tym samym językiem
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:

title: speak someone's language


text:
vuardâ

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1)  to oversee, watch

title: vuardâ


text: fusagu

title: fusagu


text: Spätburgundertrauben

title: Spätburgundertrauben


text: Spätburgunders

title: Spätburgunders


text: Qualitätsweines

title: Qualitätsweines


text: Qualitätsweine

title: Qualitätsweine


text: Mondscheins

title: Mondscheins


text: Tageslichts

title: Tageslichts


text:
わへい

Noun

 * 1)  peace
 * 2)  topic; subject

title: わへい


text: wahei

title: wahei


text:
화평

Noun

 * 1) peace, harmony, placidity

title: 화평


text:
Kleiderstoff

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) clothing material

title: Kleiderstoff


text:
Möbelstoff

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) upholstering fabric

title: Möbelstoff


text:
Vorhangstoff

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) curtain fabric, curtain material

title: Vorhangstoff


text:
Haarfarbe

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) hair color

title: Haarfarbe


text:
Hautfarbe

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) skin color; complexion
 * 2) a color similar to the average skin color of white people in central and northern Europe, often found in colored pencils; flesh
 * 1) a color similar to the average skin color of white people in central and northern Europe, often found in colored pencils; flesh

title: Hautfarbe


text:
Lichtfarbe

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) color of light

title: Lichtfarbe


text: どりょく

title: どりょく


text: doryoku

title: doryoku


text:
Regenbogenfarbe

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) color of the rainbow, prismatic color

title: Regenbogenfarbe


text:
implementação

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) implementation process of moving an idea from concept to reality

title: implementação


text:
implodir

Verb

 * 1) to implode to collapse or burst inward

Conjugation

 * Brazil

 * Portugal

title: implodir


text:
impopularidade

Noun

 * 1) unpopularity

Noun

 * 1) unpopularity property of being unpopular

title: impopularidade


text: importar-se

title: importar-se


text:
impossivelmente

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) impossibly in an impossible manner

title: impossivelmente


text:
inacabado

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) unfinished not finished

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) unfinished

title: inacabado


text:
improvado

Adjective

 * 1) unproven not proved

title: improvado


text:
improvavelmente

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) unlikely; improbably in an improbable manner

title: improvavelmente


text:
inalador

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  inhaler canister containing medicine

title: inalador


text:
inapto

Adjective

 * 1) inept not able to do something

Adjective

 * 1) inept

title: inapto


text:
imunidade diplomática

Noun

 * 1) diplomatic immunity diplomat’s legal immunity

title: imunidade diplomática


text:
inatividade

Noun

 * 1) inactivity; idleness state of being idle

title: inatividade


text:
imunizar

Verb

 * 1)  to immunise to make someone or something immune to something

title: imunizar


text:
Farbenspiel

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) play of colors

title: Farbenspiel


text:
impossuível

Adjective

 * 1) unownable that cannot be personal property

title: impossuível


text:
Federballspiel

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) badminton
 * 2) badminton game

title: Federballspiel


text:
impúdico

Etymology
From.

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) shameless, unembarrassed

title: impúdico


text:
impérvio

Adjective

 * 1) impervious preventative of any penetration

title: impérvio


text:
inadimplência

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  breach of contract failure to perform under the terms of a contract

title: inadimplência


text:
impublicável

Adjective

 * 1) unpublishable not suitable for publication

title: impublicável


text:
imunologia

Noun

 * 1)  immunology branch of medicine that studies the immune system

title: imunologia


text:
importação

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) importation act or practice of importing

title: importação


text:
impolido

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) impolite not polite
 * 2) unpolished not polished
 * 1) unpolished not polished

title: impolido


text: crap shoot

title: crap shoot


text: crap shoots

title: crap shoots


text:
implantação

Noun

 * 1) implantation introduction of an idea
 * 2)  implantation act of inserting an implant
 * 3)  implantation attachment of a fertilised ovum to the uterus

title: implantação


text:
implanejado

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  unintended; unplanned

title: implanejado


text: woorari

title: woorari


text:
бальніца

Noun

 * 1) hospital

title: бальніца


text: tīngxìn

title: tīngxìn


text: Парыж

title: Парыж


text: 唔识

title: 唔识


text:
唔識

Verb

 * 1)  to not know something; can't do (lack of knowledge)
 * 2)  to not know something (never seen before)
 * 1)  to not know something (never seen before)

title: 唔識


text:
gnagna

Etymology
Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,.

Noun

 * 1) aunt

title: gnagna


text:
vesteîti

Etymology
Ultimately from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) clothes, clothing

title: vesteîti


text:
powder burn

Noun

 * 1) A burn, ordinarily superficial and on someone's skin, resulting from proximity to an explosion of gunpowder, such as that associated with the discharge of a firearm.
 * 2) * 2013 Oct. 8, grumpynerd, "Writer's Book Report: TRUE GRIT," Daily Kos (retrieved 13 May 2014) :
 * Tom Chaney is a depraved man who kills for no good reason. . . . Chaney has a powder burn on his face.
 * 1) * 2013 Oct. 8, grumpynerd, "Writer's Book Report: TRUE GRIT," Daily Kos (retrieved 13 May 2014) :
 * Tom Chaney is a depraved man who kills for no good reason. . . . Chaney has a powder burn on his face.

title: powder burn


text: powder-burn

title: powder-burn


text: Category:Chinese informal terms

title: Category:Chinese informal terms


text:
inato

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Adjective

 * 1) innate; inborn present since birth

title: inato


text:
inauguração

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) inauguration act of inaugurating

title: inauguração


text:
incansável

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) tireless; indefatigable

title: incansável


text:
inconcebível

Etymology
From pt.

Adjective

 * 1) inconceivable unable to be conceived, unbelievable

title: inconcebível


text:
inconsistência

Noun

 * 1)  inconsistency state of being inconsistent
 * 2) inconsistency an inconsistent part or aspect of something

title: inconsistência


text:
incontável

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) countless; innumerable too many to count
 * 2)  uncountable incapable of being enumerated by natural numbers
 * 3)  uncountable about a noun which cannot be counted

title: incontável


text:
incorpóreo

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) incorporeal having no material form or physical substance

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) incorporeal having no material form or physical substance

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) incorporeal having no material form or physical substance

title: incorpóreo


text:
indecisão

Noun

 * 1) indecision inability to decide on a course of action

title: indecisão


text:
indefeso

Adjective

 * 1) helpless unable to defend oneself or to act without help

title: indefeso


text:
indelicadamente

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) indelicately in an indelicate manner

title: indelicadamente


text:
indelicado

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) indelicate improper or immodest

Adjective

 * 1) indelicate

title: indelicado


text:
備胎

Noun

 * 1)  spare tyre
 * 2)  possible replacement for one's current partner; back-up; fall-back; plan B partner

title: 備胎


text: 备胎

title: 备胎


text:
incônscio

Adjective

 * 1) unconscious in a mental state that involves lack of responsiveness
 * 2) unconscious without directed thought or awareness

title: incônscio


text:
incêndio florestal

Noun

 * 1) wildfire fire that affects an wildland area

title: incêndio florestal


text:
incunábulo

Noun

 * 1) incunable; incunabulum very early type of printed book

title: incunábulo


text:
incumbência

Noun

 * 1) an incumbent obligation

title: incumbência


text: ανοχής

title: ανοχής


text: ανοχών

title: ανοχών


text: ανοχές

title: ανοχές


text: οίκοι ανοχής

title: οίκοι ανοχής


text:
неосторожно

Adverb

 * 1) incautiously without caution

title: неосторожно


text: οίκου

title: οίκου


text: οίκο

title: οίκο


text:
incontestavelmente

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) incontestably in an incontestable way; without doubt

title: incontestavelmente


text: οίκε

title: οίκε


text:
inconsútil

Adjective

 * 1)  seamless, one-piece having no seams

Adjective

 * 1) seamless, one-piece having no seams

Usage notes

 * Often said of Jesus Christ's, according to the Diccionario de la Real Academia Española.

title: inconsútil


text: οίκοι

title: οίκοι


text: οίκων

title: οίκων


text: οίκους

title: οίκους


text:
inconcluso

Adjective

 * 1) unfinished not finished; not over

Adjective

 * 1) unfinished

title: inconcluso


text:
inchaço

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) swelling abnormally swollen part of the body

title: inchaço


text:
incontestável

Adjective

 * 1) incontestable beyond doubt

title: incontestável


text:
incisar

Verb

 * 1)  to cut to perform an incision

title: incisar


text:
incensário

Noun

 * 1) censer container for burning incense

title: incensário


text:
esprit-de-vin

Etymology
, itself a. .

Noun

 * 1) spirits of wine

title: esprit-de-vin


text:
inação

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) inaction lack of action or activity

title: inação


text:
οἰνοχόος

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) cupbearer

title: οἰνοχόος


text: Category:Chinese onomatopoeias

title: Category:Chinese onomatopoeias


text:
哈哈鏡

Noun

 * 1) distorting mirror; magic mirror

title: 哈哈鏡


text: 哈哈镜

title: 哈哈镜


text: Category:he:Nautical

title: Category:he:Nautical


text:
עוגן

Noun

 * 1) An anchor.
 * 2) An armature.

title: עוגן


text: hāhājìng

title: hāhājìng


text:
insembro

Etymology
Ultimately from, possibly through. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adverb

 * 1) together, along

title: insembro


text:
cugnussi

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to know

title: cugnussi


text:
מעגנה

Noun

 * 1) A marina.

title: מעגנה


text:
ricugnusi

Etymology
From, present active infinitive of.

Verb

 * 1) to recognize

title: ricugnusi


text: schijntje

title: schijntje


text: schijntjes

title: schijntjes


text: voorwendselen

title: voorwendselen


text: voorwendseltje

title: voorwendseltje


text: voorwendseltjes

title: voorwendseltjes


text: hersentjes

title: hersentjes


text: dekmanteltje

title: dekmanteltje


text: dekmanteltjes

title: dekmanteltjes


text:
Category:Opted-out of message delivery

See mw:Help:Extension:MassMessage. __HIDDENCAT__

title: Category:Opted-out of message delivery


text:
сепрәк

Etymology
From.

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, etc.

Noun

 * 1) rag, a piece of cloth (especially disused)

title: сепрәк


text:
稀罕

Adjective

 * 1) rare; uncommon; scarce

Noun

 * 1) rarity; uncommon event

Verb

 * 1)  to like something because it is rare; to value as a rarity; to cherish; to care about

title: 稀罕


text: xīhǎn

title: xīhǎn


text: 呼噜

title: 呼噜


text: 呼嚕

title: 呼嚕


text: hūlū

title: hūlū


text:
cumio

Etymology
15th century. From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) mountain top, summit
 * 2) ridge, roof top
 * 3) ridge board
 * 4) top position
 * 5) summit gathering of leathers, etc
 * 1) top position
 * 2) summit gathering of leathers, etc
 * 1) summit gathering of leathers, etc
 * 1) summit gathering of leathers, etc

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) elbow

title: cumio


text:
Category:Bashkir words with delabialized first vowel

This category contains Bashkir words with unrounded first vowel: Bashkir terms, the vowel in the first syllable of which lost its roundedness although it (presumably) was rounded at earlier stages of language history, or as compared to other Turkic languages.


text: delers

title: delers


text: delertje

title: delertje


text: delertjes

title: delertjes


text:
勿要緊

Interjection

 * 1)  no problem; it doesn't matter; you're welcome

title: 勿要緊


text: 勿要紧

title: 勿要紧


text:
冇問題

Interjection

 * 1)  no problem

title: 冇問題


text: 冇问题

title: 冇问题


text:
maalaisliitto

Etymology
🇰🇲

Noun

 * 1)  The former and original name of the Finnish political party now known as,  or more formally.

title: maalaisliitto


text: ml.

title: ml.


text: fruktbart

title: fruktbart


text: Category:ru:Cutlery

title: Category:ru:Cutlery


text: fruktbare

title: fruktbare


text: Category:Norwegian Bokmål terms suffixed with -bar


text: Category:Norwegian Nynorsk terms suffixed with -bar


text:
pk-yritys

Etymology
🇰🇲

Noun

 * 1) small and medium enterprise, SME enterprise employing 10 to 250 people

title: pk-yritys


text:
pk-yrittäjä

Etymology
🇰🇲

Noun

 * 1) small and medium entrepreneur entrepreneur who employs 10 to 250 people

title: pk-yrittäjä


text: delictje

title: delictje


text: delictjes

title: delictjes


text:
ufouskonto

Noun

 * 1) UFO religion

title: ufouskonto


text:
ufotutkimus

Noun

 * 1) ufology, UFO research

title: ufotutkimus


text:
ufotutkija

Noun

 * 1) ufologist, UFO researcher

title: ufotutkija


text:
ufohavainto

Noun

 * 1) UFO observation

title: ufohavainto


text:
cronoloxía

Etymology
From, from , from "time".

Noun

 * 1) chronology
 * 2) timeline

title: cronoloxía


text: cronoloxías

title: cronoloxías


text:
անպատեհ

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) inopportune, ill-timed, untimely
 * 2) inappropriate, improper, unsuitable

title: անպատեհ


text: invertases

title: invertases


text: deliriumpje

title: deliriumpje


text: deliriumpjes

title: deliriumpjes


text: democratiseringen

title: democratiseringen


text:
varomattomasti

Adverb

 * 1) incautiously

title: varomattomasti


text:
ufomainen

Adjective

 * 1) UFO-like

title: ufomainen


text: dúin

title: dúin


text: dúnann

title: dúnann


text: dúnfaidh

title: dúnfaidh


text:
diabétologue

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) diabetologist

title: diabétologue


text: diabétologues

title: diabétologues


text:
casquete

Etymology
Attested since the 15th century. .

Noun

 * 1) casque, helmet
 * 2) ribbon or hood which keeps the fibre wrapped around the distaff
 * 3) polar ice, polar icecap
 * 1) ribbon or hood which keeps the fibre wrapped around the distaff
 * 2) polar ice, polar icecap

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) headwear

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) hood
 * 2) bowl
 * 3) hairpiece, rug
 * 4) helmet
 * 5) polar ice, polar icecap
 * 6)  poultice, plaster, cataplas
 * 7)  sexual intercourse
 * 1)  sexual intercourse

Etymology 2
.

Noun

 * 1)  axe

title: casquete


text: casquetes

title: casquetes


text: hullene

title: hullene


text: poill

title: poill


text: pollann

title: pollann


text: pollfaidh

title: pollfaidh


text:
pollta

Adjective

 * 1) pierced, holed, perforated, punched
 * 2) cratered, pitted

title: pollta


text: οισοφάγου

title: οισοφάγου


text: οισοφάγο

title: οισοφάγο


text: Rhymes:Icelandic/eift

title: Rhymes:Icelandic/eift


text: οισοφάγους

title: οισοφάγους


text:
profesjonell

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) professional

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) professional

title: profesjonell


text: οισοφάγων

title: οισοφάγων


text: οισοφάγοι

title: οισοφάγοι


text:
profesjonelt

Adjective

 * 1)  professionally
 * 1)  professionally

title: profesjonelt


text: profesjonelle

title: profesjonelle


text: kśě

title: kśě


text:
kśěł

Participle

 * 1)  would want to, would like to
 * 1)  would want to, would like to

title: kśěł


text: δικηγόρου

title: δικηγόρου


text: δικηγόρους

title: δικηγόρους


text: δικηγόρο

title: δικηγόρο


text: δικηγόρε

title: δικηγόρε


text: δικηγόροι

title: δικηγόροι


text: Category:Middle Persian terms derived from Sanskrit


text:
škl

Etymology
From, from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) sugar

title: škl


text: συμβολαιογράφου

title: συμβολαιογράφου


text: συμβολαιογράφους

title: συμβολαιογράφους


text: συμβολαιογράφο

title: συμβολαιογράφο


text: συμβολαιογράφε

title: συμβολαιογράφε


text: συμβολαιογράφοι

title: συμβολαιογράφοι


text: συμβολαιογράφων

title: συμβολαιογράφων


text: δικηγόρων

title: δικηγόρων


text:
uprofesjonell

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) unprofessional

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) unprofessional

title: uprofesjonell


text:
njok

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  gnocchi, dumpling

title: njok


text: njoco

title: njoco


text: njekśě

title: njekśě


text: uprofesjonelt

title: uprofesjonelt


text: uprofesjonelle

title: uprofesjonelle


text:
afferentti

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬), ultimately from.

Adjective

 * 1)  afferent carrying towards

title: afferentti


text:
efferentti

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬), ultimately from.

Adjective

 * 1)  efferent carrying away from

title: efferentti


text:
profesjon

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a profession

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a profession

title: profesjon


text: profesjonen

title: profesjonen


text: profesjoner

title: profesjoner


text: profesjonene

title: profesjonene


text: profesjonar

title: profesjonar


text: profesjonane

title: profesjonane


text: fáinleoige

title: fáinleoige


text:
affektio

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬), ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1)  affection

title: affektio


text: fáinleoga

title: fáinleoga


text:
affektiivisesti

Adverb

 * 1) affectively

title: affektiivisesti


text:
affektiivisuus

Noun

 * 1) affectivity

title: affektiivisuus


text:
𡳞

Glyph origin
.

Etymology
From with a body-part suffix *-n; compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Definitions

 * 1)  male genitalia; penis; dick
 * 2)  fucking; freaking; the hell; the fuck
 * 3)  a person associated with a particular identity or trait; -er

Usage notes
In Cantonese, it is most commonly written as.

title: 𡳞


text:
actifan

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  A person, particularly a fan of science fiction, involved in fanac or fan activity.

title: actifan


text:
Talk:长远勿见

in Qian's book 长远勿看见侬 is romanised as "shang2 yhu4 fhak2 koe5 ji3 nong1". --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 14:53, 14 May 2014 (UTC)
 * hhy is a slack and incorrect pronunciation of hhyoe for 远. 勿 is veq, vaq is either a variant or non-existent. Wyang (talk) 03:05, 15 May 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:长远勿见


text:
affektikouristus

Noun

 * 1)  affective spasm spasm triggered by powerful emotion, especially fury; usually affects kids younger than 6 years

title: affektikouristus


text: affektikohtaus

title: affektikohtaus


text:
affektilabiilisuus

Noun

 * 1)  affective lability tendency to get affective spasms

title: affektilabiilisuus


text:
勿好意思

Interjection

 * 1)  sorry; excuse me

title: 勿好意思


text:
labiilisuus

Noun

 * 1) lability

title: labiilisuus


text:
affektisesti

Adverb

 * 1) affectively

title: affektisesti


text: Հանոյ

title: Հանոյ


text:
affektisuus

Noun

 * 1) affectivity

title: affektisuus


text: bijom

title: bijom


text:
bijo

Noun

 * 1) nausea, vomiting.

title: bijo


text:
T-luupihvi

Noun

 * 1) T-bone steak

title: T-luupihvi


text: actifans

title: actifans


text:
喔唷

Interjection

 * 1) oh, ah

title: 喔唷


text: bluwam

title: bluwam


text: bluwa

title: bluwa


text: bluwaju

title: bluwaju


text: bluwał

title: bluwał


text:
Talk:喔唷

Module error
I'm not sure, I think Module:cmn:pron must be struggling to process "yō" but it's a valid pinyin syllable. --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 15:30, 14 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Thanks, added. Wyang (talk) 03:07, 15 May 2014 (UTC)

Inverted characters?
the word is 唷喔, readen as "ōyō" in mandarin, but the characters are 唷=yō and 喔=ō so it would be readen as "yōō". Does anybody have an explaination?176.152.141.105 21:45, 6 December 2015 (UTC)
 * I suspect that it is an irregular reading derived from Wu; see for example 查某 zābò. ? —suzukaze (t・c) 21:49, 6 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Thanks, the correct form is 喔唷, not 唷喔. Jyutping: "o1 jo1". You can move it. --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 22:13, 6 December 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:喔唷


text: bójm

title: bójm


text:
Talk:passioned

Is there a source for this word actually existing? 203.122.212.6 15:38, 14 May 2014 (UTC)

 * Some uses here: Equinox ◑ 16:02, 14 May 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:passioned


text:
bój

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) fight, combat, fray

Etymology
,.

Noun

 * 1) battle, fight

title: bój


text: bójał

title: bójał


text: kunnskapen

title: kunnskapen


text: kunnskaper

title: kunnskaper


text: kunnskapene

title: kunnskapene


text: kunnskapar

title: kunnskapar


text: kunnskapane

title: kunnskapane


text:
T-palkki

Etymology
🇰🇲

Noun

 * 1)  T-beam beam with cross-section shaped like the capital letter T

title: T-palkki


text:
User talk:Binot~enwiktionary

--Lo Ximiendo (talk) 16:08, 14 May 2014 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Binot. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Binot~enwiktionary that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:40, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:57, 21 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Binot~enwiktionary


text:
neopatriarchy

Noun

 * 1)  Modern patriarchy, especially as exercised within the nuclear family rather than wider society.

Translations

 * Esperanto: novpatriarĥeco, novpatriarkeco

title: neopatriarchy


text:
tabsule

Noun

 * 1) A medicine tablet shaped like a capsule.

title: tabsule


text: tabsules

title: tabsules


text:
Template talk:hy-pron

Western Armenian Pronunciation
When will this template utilize Western Armenian pronunciation? --Lo Ximiendo (talk) 16:11, 14 May 2014 (UTC)
 * When I have time to learn Western Armenian and add the functionality. Probably in 1 year. --Vahag (talk) 16:15, 14 May 2014 (UTC)
 * You better hurry... —Aryamanarora (मुझसे बात करो) 17:35, 7 May 2016 (UTC)
 * I'm busy. --Vahag (talk) 17:37, 7 May 2016 (UTC)

It took more than one year, but we can now add support for Western Armenian with 's help. , is it possible to add an alternative phonetic map to Module:hy-pronunciation for Western Armenian and call it here with a tag? --Vahag (talk) 06:41, 10 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I've created sandbox modules and templates to avoid messing up existing uses of and .  and  use Module:hy-pronunciation/sandbox, which has separate   and   tables for Eastern and Western Armenian. (Both of them are currently just copies of the tables in Module:hy-pronunciation, which I guess are Eastern Armenian.) If you add actual Western Armenian pronunciations to the tables, they can be used in the sandbox templates by setting the system in the module invocation with . Hopefully this setup will let you get started, but let me know if there are any problems. — Eru·tuon 19:18, 11 October 2020 (UTC)
 * thank you very much. I will deal with this over the weekend. --Vahag (talk) 16:38, 12 October 2020 (UTC)
 * I added the Western Armenian table, but I don't understand how can I call the module with separate  and   tables in . We can change the latter to call Module:hy-pronunciation/sandbox directly, if that simplifies the matter.
 * Preferably, there should be a way to suppress the display of either Western or Eastern in certain cases, e.g. by using  and.
 * I have added a rule for ['յու'] = 'ʏ' in Module:hy-pronunciation/sandbox which I don't know how to implement.
 * Finally, I have added the testcase at Module:hy-pronunciation/testcases for multiple word phrases. Can you add the ability of generating the secondary stresses for all polysyllabic words preceding the last word? The rules are the same as for primary stress. --Vahag (talk) 09:13, 24 October 2020 (UTC)
 * I think I sort of answered all your questions with edits, though I forgot the around the module output. Changed the module to individually add stress to all space-separated words, using the same code that added stress to the whole input. Added a function replacement that checks the character before . — Eru·tuon 10:53, 25 October 2020 (UTC)
 * excellent. I have imported your changes into the main templates. But the rules for adding stress and ['յու'] = 'ʏ' do not work. See and.
 * Is there a way to call Template:hy-IPA with a  parameter? --Vahag (talk) 11:36, 25 October 2020 (UTC)
 * I've changed Module:hy-pronunciation so that it takes system either in the module invocation or in . — Eru·tuon 22:19, 25 October 2020 (UTC)
 * great, it works! But ['յու'] = 'ʏ' in for Western Armenian still doesn't work. E.g. should be [mʏs] for Western Armenian. --Vahag (talk) 05:47, 26 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Aha, figured it out. It was an ordering issue: was being processed before  because the order of iteration for string keys in a Lua table is unpredictable. Changed the structure of the table. — Eru·tuon 21:32, 26 October 2020 (UTC)

,, is the initial [ə-] in words like , , obligatory or can it be dropped? If it can, are the ə-less forms considered informal? In Eastern Armenian, ə- is nowadays almost always dropped, both in formal and informal speech. --Vahag (talk) 14:18, 26 October 2020 (UTC)

 * I believe they are obligatory, both formally and informally. In fact, it's difficult for me to pronounce them without the schwa. (The pronunciation reminds me of Russian consonant pairs). User:Pompyxmori (talk) 16:13, 26 October 2020 (UTC)
 * I see. What do you mean the pronunciation reminds you of Russian consonant pairs? You mean ə-less pronunciation? --Vahag (talk) 17:25, 26 October 2020 (UTC)
 * . When I said consonant pair, I should have used the term "consonant cluster". For example, the word սցենարիստ. This consonant cluster is hard to pronounce for Western Armenian speakers. Just like the monophthongs «իւ» or «էօ» for Eastern Armenian speakers.
 * . Yes, the schwa is obligatory before a {s/z}{p/t/k/b/d/g} cluster in Western Armenian. Sometimes it is optionally dropped in connected speech [gadu (ə)ste...] կատու ստեղծեցի. But in citation forms, the schwa is obligatory. Inside a compound, the schwa is inserted if the second-member is the meaningful head: բանաստեղծ but տարեəսկիզպ.Hovsepig (talk) 20:22, 26 October 2020 (UTC)
 * I see. So it is obligatory in Western Armenian but prescriptive in Eastern Armenian. How can I give different rules for east and west at the stage where the letters are IPA symbols? --Vahag (talk) 06:23, 1 November 2020 (UTC)

, User:Fenakhay has kindly added a parameter for suppressing Eastern or Western Armenian like this and this. Please use the feature. --Vahag (talk) 09:57, 13 January 2021 (UTC)

 * nice feature. It shall be used. I managed to update around 1k words to hy-pron last weekend, and I’ll try to do a 1k more this weekend. Thankfully I’ve had few occasions of needing to suppress the WA form Hovsepig (talk) 10:10, 13 January 2021 (UTC)

Stress marker inside optional glide
Moved from Module talk:hy-pronunciation.

The algorithm incorrectly adds the stress marker inside an optional glide: թի(յ)ակ --> ti(j')ak https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF&action=edit Hovsepig (talk) 07:01, 25 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Erutuon fixed it. --Vahag (talk) 05:47, 26 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Thank you kindly! Hovsepig (talk) 20:22, 26 October 2020 (UTC)

round vowels in diphthongs
I see that the module pronounces <յու> as [Y] for Western. But I don't think this is fully accurate. Most words with <յու> are variably pronounced as [ju], [ju], [Y]. Some tendencies 1) The suffix -ություն is generally pronounced with [Y], and so are a few words like  and ; but they can optionally take [ju] 2) Most words are just [ju], like, , , , , ,  etc. 3) Many words in (2) allow an optional [Y] but it varies by speaker and location. I personally never do [Y] for most words in 2; the vowel [Y] is a marginal phoneme for me because I don't speak French)

Proper nouns: Proper nouns like Գժ Error: a bunch of errors are created because of the rule like  is [haYhi] where <յու> follows a vowel; same for other words like

I see in the first section of this Talk that there was effort in adding the [Y] rule, but I think it should be deactivated. You can add a rule that specifically the suffix -ություն takes [ju]. Perhaps also use a small list for the forced-Y takers like գյուղ; I can go through my Wiktionary scrape and tell you all the members of this list. Except after a vowel or word-initially, all other instances of <յու> is pronounced as [uj]. Hovsepig (talk)
 * I've made the ⟨յու⟩ handler behave as advertised at least; it was only working word-initially. — Eru·tuon 18:48, 28 October 2020 (UTC)
 * thanks! Hovsepig (talk)
 * Erutuon already fixed the obvious error you mentioned. For the other cases, what you say is not necessarily true for all Western Armenians. I have personally heard repatriants from Syria pronouncing with an ü. Sakapetoyan transcribes all իւ's after a consonant as ü. E.g. from your examples, ձիւն-ակալ,   հիւս-կէն, հարիւր-ալիդր, սիւնակ, նիւթ. So, ü is the standard, and  generates the standard pronunciation marking it as "Eastern Armenian, standard" and "Western Armenian, standard". I do realize that almost no one follows the prescriptive pronunciation (true also for Eastern Armenian), but handling non-standard pronunciations would complicate matters a lot. I don't want to deal with them yet. --Vahag (talk) 09:36, 29 October 2020 (UTC)
 * It is true that [Y] a pretty common pronunciation for <յու>, but I would personally treat [ju] as prescriptive and [Y] as colloquial. I didn't know about that Sakapetoyan book, and that threw me into a bit of a hunt in my personal library for Western phonology. Sadly, all the grammars diverge on this point -- Fairbanks (1948) has [Y], Sakayan 2000 has [ju], Hagopian 2007 has [ju], Avetisyan 2011 has [Y], Khanjian 2009/2011 documents his own personal variation which I also don't match 100%. I guest without a definitive grammar of Western, I guess the best approach is to just stick with either [Y] or [ju]. Hovsepig (talk) 15:42, 29 October 2020 (UTC)
 * necro, but what about իւր? i can agree that other իւԲ words have [ʏ] based on my experiences and what i was taught, but for this word i am pretty sure the default pronunciation has [jʏ] or [ju]: so իւրաքանչիւր should be [j(ʏ/u)ɹakʰanˈʧʏɹ] according to the most cultivated SWA pronunciation. what do @Hovsepig and @Vahagn Petrosyan think, though? which is better? or do you usually hear [#ʏ] here? RagingPichu (talk) 20:22, 1 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I’ve heard #yr… and #jyr… it varies Hovsepig (talk) 20:42, 1 May 2024 (UTC)
 * hm i see... seems the dictionary vahagn sent prescribes [ju] at the beginning of a word, but it also says that ր and ռ have merged, which isn't true in all communities, so i'm not sure how reliable that is. i will ask some friends for their thoughts as well RagingPichu (talk) 21:59, 1 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I don't know. The only Western Armenian I know is my Syrian Armenian barber Avo Shadoyan, who says [hæ'ɾʏɾ]. I haven't paid attention to other words containing իւ. Vahag (talk) 11:26, 2 May 2024 (UTC)
 * hm... by any chance, is he from northwestern syria? or is his family from urhay or thereabouts? this reminds me of the extreme south and southwestern dialects of armenian, who pronounce ա as [æ] by default—it is not SWA. from what i've heard, many many syrian armenians hail from cilicia. anyway, speaking with other people has brought up more issues, since a lot of people just don't use [ʏ] at all and say [ju] instead... but i can say that no one pronounced #իւ without a [j], so i will amend the pronunciation to have [jʏ] for now and keep my ears peeled for իւղ, իւր(աքանչիւր), եւ այլն։ and i am (barely) acquainted with someone who speaks extremely good, fluent, literate western armenian, so i will ask him and see whether he responds. edit (13:47): it seems that has a ZWSP there, and is the source of the odd pronunciation: the others have [ju]. looks like i kicked up a fuss over nothing, my apologoes RagingPichu (talk) 13:39, 2 May 2024 (UTC)

nasal assimilation
The code will transcribe a cluster <նխ> into [ŋχ]. However, I can't find documentation in the phonological literature for this assimilation rule. Vaux 1998:16 and Khachatrian 1988:180 document nasal assmilation of ն to ŋ before <կ,ք,գ>, but not before խ. Do you agree with Khachatrian's reports that <նխ> is transcribed as [nχ], or does your EA speech do [ŋχ]?

Also, both sources document that ն becomes [m] before bilabials: անբայման [ampajman]. Your recording for անպայման applies assimilation while անբիծ does not. Though անբիծ sounds like the speaker is actively placing places between every syllable instead of speaking naturally.

Hovsepig (talk) 01:47, 3 January 2021 (UTC)

 * I agree that [ŋχ] is wrong. I removed it.
 * I am not sure if [n] > [m] before bilabials is standard or colloquial, but I indeed found the rule in Khachatryan 1988: 106 and encoded it.
 * You do not have to ping Erutuon. He is a heavy artillery to be brought out when I cannot code. --Vahag (talk) 07:49, 3 January 2021 (UTC)
 * @Vahagn Petrosyan how come there's now a rule that introduces ɲ? i don't think i've seen this sound discussed in previous work on armenian Hovsepig (talk) 06:56, 28 November 2023 (UTC)
 * @Hovsepig The rule was introduced by without discussion. Snowman, what is this devilry with [ɲ]? Vahag (talk) 18:08, 28 November 2023 (UTC)
 * @Hovsepig and @Vahagn Petrosyan, that was based on this book: https://web.archive.org/web/20230130032555/https://vahagnakanch.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/modern-eastern-armenian.pdf, specifically pages 19 and 28. If that's a wild interpretation on my or the author's part, I apologize. Snowman304 (talk) 05:15, 29 November 2023 (UTC)
 * @Snowman304@Vahagn Petrosyan Ah I see. Dum-Tragut refers to Vaux who then refers to Khachaturian 106. But the 106 doesn't talk about palatal assimilation. Page 174 from Khachaturian does and it's translates as:
 * Before a palatal sonorant, the lowering of the tongue-middle and then raising (for pronouncing /j/) is done subsequently and so fast that sometimes those two periods approaching creates a palatal n, which is heard like a soft n (like rusisan), like in njard, njut’. While mjus mjasnikjan*
 * It seems she's talking about how in fast speech a person could pronunce /nd͡ʒ/ as [ɲd͡ʒ]. But this type of phonetic change is so subtle/atypical that it's not the kind that you would see in a transcription dictionary. You could say the same for English (or any language) in that fast speech can make nasals assimilate on a very fine-grained phonetic level (that's hard to hear). The same goes for labial assimilation. It would be best to remove the nasal assimilation rules -- only the velar assimilation is categorical enough (applies 100% of the time) to be a phonological rule Hovsepig (talk) 05:45, 29 November 2023 (UTC)

Colloquial entries
It would be nice if the text for `coll=` used the phrase "(Eastern Armenian, colloquial)" instead of just "(colloquial)"; same for `collw`. Otherwise, it's somewhat odd that both coll and collw return just the text "(colloquial)". People are smart enough to deduce that each "colloquial" phrase is for the separate dialects, but automatic scrapers aren't that smart, and it can cause issues down the line :/Hovsepig (talk) 00:34, 24 January 2021 (UTC)

trilling
the current code includes a rule that changes ɾn to rn (րն to ռն). The rule is applying to ազորներ ալտերնատիվ @Vahagn Petrosyan do you think this rule is needed? Hovsepig (talk) 16:26, 29 November 2023 (UTC)

 * @Hovsepig, that's a bad rule. It is colloquial and even colloquially does not apply in every case: for example in or  it is always [ɾn]., please undo your edit. Vahag (talk) 18:31, 29 November 2023 (UTC)

midvowels
Wiktionary uses ɛ,ɔ for the է օ vowels. That's the IPA values used in Vaux. But more recent phonetic work uses /e, o/. It may be wise to change the Wiktionary code too. Hovsepig (talk) 21:01, 1 December 2023 (UTC)

 * Wiktionary's module generates the narrow values [ ], not the broad values / /. So it should be [e̞, o̞], not /e, o/. Vahag (talk) 22:36, 1 December 2023 (UTC)
 * @Vahagn Petrosyan Ah I see your point. Though even in that case, /ɛ/ is just as broad as /e/. But the difference is that /e/ is relatively more common as a phoneme cross-linguistically than /ɛ/. So if a person sees /e/, they know it’s a broad symbol, while /ɛ/ is more likely to be incorrectly seen as a narrow symbol. Hovsepig (talk) 22:41, 1 December 2023 (UTC)
 * I made the change. By the way, you may want to add the Armenian to the list of languages in and, referencing the new article. Vahag (talk) 22:57, 1 December 2023 (UTC)

pronunciation of ր
i know that in the literature they write /ɾ/, but considering that the pronunciation of ր according to the prescriptions of standard eastern armenian demands no contact between the tongue tip and the roof of the mouth, and that words like տարր and անդորր exist with a geminate ր, the transcription [ɾ] is not tenable: taps/flaps cannot be geminate by their very nature. i would say that a more appropriate transcription would be [ɹ] (at least for these kinds of words and their derivatives). i will look for spectrographic evidence one way or another for [ɾ] vs [ɹ]. i suspect the transcription [ɾ] arose due to english's customary transcription system, which was established before ɻ as a symbol existed in the IPA, and which eastern armenian ր is qualitatively very different from, plus a few other reasons that would belong in a published article and not on a wiktionary talk page. RagingPichu (talk) 19:26, 26 December 2023 (UTC)

 * @RagingPichu you can check this thing that I was a part of https://scottseyfarth.com/docs/SeyfarthDolatianGuekguezianKellyToparlak.pdf Hovsepig (talk) 20:27, 26 December 2023 (UTC)
 * based on this, i would call the spirantized pronunciation primary and the tap secondary, evidenced by the fact that only the former is found in words with a geminate, which warrants a change in the module in my opinion. additionally, the word րոպէ almost always is pronounced with [ɹ] (as far as i could read, it's not mentioned at all in the paper(!), so you'll have to trust me...), which points to me that [ɹ] is the primary realization of /ր/ in RoA eastern armenian. RagingPichu (talk) 20:44, 26 December 2023 (UTC)
 * @RagingPichu I agree that spirantization is the primary phonetic manifestation of the rhotic. However, one should distinguish phonological representations from phonetic representations. A dictionary cannot encode the entirety of a word’s phonetic manifestation because it can vary by speaker, region, and random chance. A phonological representation is more appropriate as a more abstract representation — and to also maintain consistency with preexisting work on the laminate. So the rhotic should stay as a flap in that regards. And I’d disagree with treating the approximant as default simply because that’s one of the largest difffences between Eastern Armenian vs Iranian Armenian (where ր is an approximant, as cited in https://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/354) Hovsepig (talk) 21:26, 26 December 2023 (UTC)
 * the primary difference between iranian ր and RoA'an is the place of articulation, not the manner of articulation, as is mentioned in that very book. i wouldn't bring up this topic if armenian wiktionary didn't present everything in phonetic brackets rather than phonemic slashes: indeed, when keeping previous research (despite its incorrectness) in mind and for the sake of backwards compatibility, /tɑɾː/ is the most correct transcription; however, [tɑɾː] is blatantly incorrect and must be [tɑɹː]. RagingPichu (talk) 21:33, 26 December 2023 (UTC)
 * tangentially, i will say that, even though it is nowadays' practice, holding onto previous research in cases like this perpetuates errors: for example, the claim that eastern armenian generally has ejectives circulated for a few decades after Allen's work in the '50s and has been amended in the field only embarrassingly recently. the same holds for english conventional transcription, where there's a sort of covert conflict between preserving the difference between /ʌ/ and /ə/ in transcription and collapsing these as /ə/ in research focusing on 'standard' american, where this difference is largely not maintained; other similar cases exist as well. these come from a combination of the field not catching up with change of language and of old errors not getting corrected purely from mere convention. RagingPichu (talk) 21:40, 26 December 2023 (UTC)
 * @RagingPichu regarding Iranian, Vaux would transcribe the Iranian rhotic as ɹ (alveolar approximant) and perceive it as the American R. In my book, I also perceived the Iranian rhotic as an American R. I provided some examples to Seyfarth who perceived it as ɻ (retroflex approximant). Acoustically, the two approximants are quite close and one needs articulatory data to be 100% sure what we hear. But, whether Iranian is ɹ or ɻ (a variant of American R), it's still markedly sounds different from the EA/WA rhotic which sounds like ɾ (an alveolar tap/flap).
 * Yes, phonetically the flap is spirantized (even so in early work by Allen 1950). And you're right that we use phonetic brackets here. So we have to decide on a level of phonetic detail that's acceptable. Right now, the phonetic detail accepted is schwa insertion and voicing assimilation and velar place assimilation. These processes are relatively more perceivable to the untrained ear than spirantiziation, and such processes are more systematic/categorical than the occassional approximant form in EA (which I have not perceived in WA). Hovsepig (talk) 13:22, 27 December 2023 (UTC)
 * in that case vaux doesn't know that american /r/ is essentially never [ɹ], or else is ignoring it for the sake of typographic convenience and convention: from what articulatory studies i have read, this consonant is not alveolar but is retroflex or maybe post-alveolar (for those speakers who do not produce the so-called "bunched r"), ignoring the labialization of course. the transcription with ⟨ɹ⟩ is purely customary, a holdover from the early 20th century. i have seen plenty of newer transcriptions using ⟨ɻ⟩. RoA armenian ր is clearly alveolar, while iranian ր is post-alveolar (or retroflex, they sound too similar to me). the transcription /ɻ/ is the correct choice in this year's book released. if you do spectrography comparing "spirantized" RoA ր and iranian, you should see a lower F3 in the latter as the primary difference: this i will say with confidence, and without a source. RagingPichu (talk) 17:45, 27 December 2023 (UTC)
 * We can show both the phonemic transcription between / / and the phonetic transcription between [ ], like in . Both can be generated automatically. Our current transcription is a mix of phonemic and phonetic. Vahag (talk) 18:03, 27 December 2023 (UTC)
 * a very reasonable compromise, and it would be good to separate out phonemic and phonetic transcription more cleanly RagingPichu (talk) 18:08, 27 December 2023 (UTC)

details of the [] pronunciation
so i finally decided to get around separating the phonemic and phonetic represenation, but now remains to decide the degree of precision of pronunciation. the primary decisions to make answer to wit on each question:
 * 1) will [ə] be tolerated?,
 * 2) which diacritics to put on which vowels, if any?,
 * 3) how specific to make the consonant transcriptions?,
 * 4) and should the stress mark be used?.
 * regarding 1., i reference the fact that armenian /ə/ is mid-central in neither dialect, according to that one paper toparlak is involved in, and also protest that it is too vague of a symbol anyway and that better options (viz. [ɜ ɘ]) are available and should be used in a phonetic context, especially in consideration of its exceptional use under stress in turkish loans and onomatopoeiae, requiring more precision, and in consideration of a potential expansion of the wiktionary armenian project to further integrate dialectal data, some of which make richer central vowel distinctions (ee.g. kessab, maragha);
 * regarding 2., i would say that [ɑ̈] for SEA is probably reasonable, and then SWA could use that or [ɐ] or [a]; that [e̞] is probably the better choice for both; and that [i u o ʏ] should be left as are;
 * regarding 3., i speak specifically on whether to notate the coronal stops as dental [t̪ d̪ t̪ʰ] etc., pronunciations which i have no outside source for except for the confidence of speech pathologist i personally know; on whether SEA ""voiced"" stops and affricates should be notated as [b̤ d̤ ɡ̈] etc., following that one paper seyfarth was involved in (i think so); on whether the mentioned tense voice should be notated, too, since most SEA speakers have some kind of glottalization there (i think so), and if yes, how to notate it, since, as is extremely typical for phonation types, the IPA is sorely lacking there; and on the non-neutralizing devoicing that especially /ɹ r/ but also like /v/ (word-finally, but retaining a lax pronunciation) are subject in certain environments, and how to notate that almost [ʃ]-like quality the first possesses (maybe with [ɹ̝̊] or something...) in words like մարդ and համար;
 * and regarding 4., i consider the fact that, strictly speaking, stress is a purely phonological phenomenon, therefore belonging not in the phonetic transcription, and that this is often ignored, so we can choose to keep it or replace it with something more precise like an acute and/or a halflong mark (ambivalent here).

p.s. all foreign languages lacking armenian-style punctuation is their most annoying deficiency. RagingPichu (talk) 16:46, 1 May 2024 (UTC)

 * I am not good at phonetics, so I can't answer any of your questions ( the Phonetician can), but since you have now separated phonemic from phonetic, it makes sense to give very precise data in [], otherwise it adds little value over //. No general resource gives precise phonetic values for Armenian. If we can do it, Armenian section Wiktionary will become even more exclusive and sexy. Vahag (talk) 15:19, 2 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I vote against a lot of these changes. First off, I don't exact the same template, but I can gather some of the changes from looking at some word entries
 * 1) the ա is now phonemic /a/ and phonetic [ɑ]
 * 2) the ր is now phonemic /ɹ/ and phonetic [ɹ]
 * I'm against those changes because they're not accurate from a linguistic angle. The vowel ա is pronounced as a general phonemic back /ɑ/, not as a front [a]. Given that it's the only low vowel in Armenian, then it would have a wide array of possible pronunciations in real life in connected speech, but not the kind of variation that is systematic enough to make it have /a/ has its phonemic form. Same for /ə/. It's the reduced generic vowel; so people will vary in their exact tongue positions depending on the word/sentence/minute, but again, the default transcription is /ə/.
 * For example, the Toparlak paper that you mention (that I'm in :P) provides a vowel chart where you can see that ա is a back vowel /ɑ/ and not front /a/ because it's back, and also the schwa is mid-central (page 18 https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/69DD24FFE4FF3ABE79A5703FCBE345E7/S0025100323000130a.pdf/div-class-title-armenian-yerevan-eastern-armenian-and-beirut-western-armenian-div.pdf)
 * As for the schwa, the paper even explicitly mentions that it has a mid-central pronunciation in EA (page 20), while seems a bit more wider pronunciation and raised [ə̝]
 * For the ր, it's pronounced phonetically as a fricative, and rhotics tend to have wide-ranging acoustic manifestations. The Armenian one is typically a tap /ɾ/, and not an approximant /ɹ/ because you can feel your tongue tapping the roof of your mouth. In pronunciation, the tap /ɾ/ will be accompanied by frication (which you can see on a sound wave or spectogram for random ր-final words).
 * For the voiced stops, yes Yerevan voiced stops tend to be breathy. But that's a regional tendency. One cannot expect all EA speakers to phonetically show breathiness. Same for glottalization; it is often heard for Yerevan speakers, but it is by no means a systematic process. For the most recent study on EA ejectives, Toparlak+me found her specific sample of people glottalized, but we still have a lit review of other studies who didn't, showing the overall free variation of it all https://guarant.cz/icphs2023/15.pdf
 * For coronal stops, yes, typically they're dental by default. But again, there's free variation in the sense that you can find some speaker saying some word with a coronal pronunciation at least sometimes. Impressionistically, when I was doing my grammar of Iranian Armenian, most of the tokens for coronal stops were felt as dental by my main consultant, but she said some words feeling like it's alveolar. But I just followed the general tendency and literature to treat them as dental.
 * Now given all this background info, I vote the following:
 * 1) the ա ր should be reverted to what they were before
 * 2) the dental + breathy + schwa changes shouldn't be done
 * The reasons for my position are thus
 * 1) a narrow phonetic transcription is highly variably by speaker and utterance. So I can pronounce some word դար as dental [t̪ɑɾ] in one context with a final more sonorant tap, maybe more coronal [tɑɾ] in another, maybe more fricationie in another context. So when such super narrow transcriptions are more common to see for individual audio files, not for a generic resource like a dictionary. For example, the schwa is often deleted in connected speech for certain words. Like the word քշող could be pronounced as [kʰəʃoʁ] in one sentence but [kʰʃoʁ] in another.
 * 2) from a utility angle, why would I want my dictionary to include extra diacritics for a phonetic articulation that's variable? By putting both phonetic and phonemic representations, I expect to find a major distinction between them that merits having two levels. For Armenian, the more obvious reasons for a distinct phonemic level is because the Armenian schwa is oftentimes epenthetic, meaning մկրտիչ would have an underlying /mɡɾdit͡ʃ/ while surface [məɡəɾdit͡ʃ]. But that's a pretty abstract phonemic representation (https://phondata.org/index.php/pda/article/view/68), so it makes sense why Wiktionary shows its epenthetic schwas as /məɡəɾdit͡ʃ/, It's more useful this way too.
 * 3) there should be a precedent for any phonetic 'decisions' on a transcription. That is, a published source (or systematic fieldwork with audio evidence and corpora) should come out and say something like "we found that ր is [ɹ] and not [ɾ]". Otherwise, it's too drastic of a change/argument to be believable.
 * If you want such phonetic information be known about Armenian, I think it makes more sense to put them in the Wikipedia page on Armenian phonology, but explicitly provide references and citations for them. Otherwise, adding all this variable phonetic info on Wiktionary would decrease Wiktionary's utility.
 * Side note: For reference, check the Wiktionary entries for English apple and latter. For apple, we see phonemic level /æpəl/ and phonetic æpɫ̩] with a syllabic /l/, and [[latter has phonemic /ˈlæt.əɹ/ with flapping [ˈlæɾ.ɚ] (and the rhoticized schwa). The Appendix:English_pronunciation page explains the logic behind the two levels, and it is well-known in linguistics (with citations) that American English has systematic rules for creating syllabic /l/ and flapping. The phonemic version could be seen as careful speech here, while phonetic is more natural speech. But the point is that the difference between the two English levels is about how there's systematical phonological rules to go from one to the other (and these are well-established rules in the academic literature on English phonology). Hovsepig (talk) 16:51, 2 May 2024 (UTC)
 * that extra information you mention exists in other languages, like in finnish, or in spanish, or english, or turkish. the extra information in the dictionary is useful for learners trying to refine their pronunciation, for linguistic casuals who spend their free time hunting down "interesting allophony" on wiktionary (this is a real thing, i know people in my undergrad who do this), and just for documentation purposes. in fact, the finnish, which is the most narrow of the examples i gave, is the example vahagn brought up. this is why i bothered to separate the phonemic from the phonetic transcription in the first place.
 * the reason i did /a/ is because i have in fact seen it before. it might've been in the older literature to be fair. anyway, no one actually uses that symbol to mean the front vowel: /æ/ is far and away more common for this. the IPA recommendation that the latter is front near-open is universally ignored. i agree that [æ] is not a usual pronunciation of ա in SEA, but then i invite you to listen to the famous song քամի փչի, to when the guy says թագուհի (within the first minute), with a noticeably fronted ա, and the other words in that section. it's pretty telling that american english /ɑ/ is far too deep for the analogous armenian sound.
 * anyway since the papers you sent use /ɑ/ i have no choice but to bow to the authority of convention and change it back. i will put [ɑ̈] in the phonetic representation, though.
 * the talk that ր involves contact with the roof of the mouth sounds crazy to my ears, because this used to be my habit, but my speech was actually corrected as a child such that i no longer do this. i was specifically told that the tongue hovers right behind the teeth and air is passed over it, which i later learned is exactly [ɹ]. so this is a hill i will die on.
 * but, however, since all papers talk of a *spirantized flap * (i.e., an approximant...) as a very common pronunciation of the ostensible /ɾ/, though, i will be forced to change it back. but i will also include the basically-universal spirantization in the phonetic representation in word-initial (affects only 2 words) and -final position (interesting places for lenition... but i digress).
 * (tangent: is there no paper talking about the word-final devoicing of certain armenian consonants?)
 * schwa point: i am convinced, i agree on that point. i merely wanted to express the fact that SWA's schwa is definitely higher and backer than SEA's.
 * dental point: you have convinced me to do the opposite with your argument... if you're saying it's the default pronunciation, then i will indicate so. idiosyncratic variation is beside the point. english coronals are well characterized as alveolar, but i know this one guy who does dentals very consistently (and he doesn't speak one of the dialects that  are known to do dentals), and i also will sometimes hear a stray dental in rapid speech. this doesn't change the fact that the default pronunciation is dental, nor does it change the fact that in other languages on wiktionary, this default pronunciation is indicated.
 * breathy point: isn't the yerevan pronunciation essentially default, though, because armenia comprises only of yerevan? joke aside, this means that investigation in the pronunciation of բ դ ձ ջ գ by speakers of SEA from outside yerevan is necessary, investigation that does not exist. so it shall be ignored for now, until (unless?) study on that is made.
 * glottal point: basically the same as the previous. except i also want to clarify that i was not talking about ejectives, which i already knew about, but glottal tension, since պ տ ծ ճ կ are reported to come with some tenseness in their pronunciation, and also considering the fact that in armenia they're considered harder than փ թ ց չ ք (in contrast to what second-generation diaporans say, which is the opposite!).
 * also it seems that the english transcription is using a very specific analysis of syllabicity that i'm pretty sure is not accepted into consensus, which is very interesting, and that it artificially upholds the light and dark /l/, which is gone from most accents. i'm glad we hold ourselves to a higher standard on the armenian side. RagingPichu (talk) 19:47, 3 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Utility: if i was to see a phonetic vs phonemic distinction for a language entry, i would expect that the distinction would be about well-known systematic phonological rules that affect potentially any word in the lexicon, or a idiosyncratic pronunciation spell for some word. For example, the English examples illustrated syllabic liquids and flapping, both of which are systematic phonological rules. For the example of idiosyntratic, see the attested reduced forms of probably. As a person who uses wiktionary for research purposes (check out Wikipron if you're interested), I expect to find rational reasons like this for different levels.
 * /a/: in older literature for any language, people often just use the symbol  to mean "a low vowel" without special attention to its exact location. For Armenian, whenever I've seen  it's being used in a generic non-exact sense. Heck even if you look at Adjarian 1911, you'll see he uses ա  for a default low vowel of unspecified rounding or backness, while ա̈ is fronted and the vowel in Van is implied to be rounded. This all means that he likewise was using ա to mean default low back unrounded but implicitly. But still, we're using IPA on wiktionary, so we follow the IPA meaning of symbols such that a phonemic /a/ means front, otherwise it's just laziness.
 * /a/ examples: for Armenian (outside of Iran), the default pronunciation of ա is default back unrounded. But that doesn't mean you never see a fronted version in some words. For my WA in Beirut, I've never encountered /æ/ or rounded /ɒ/. But I was told by linguist colleagues in Armenia that the word ախպար can be heard with rounding /ɒχpɒɾ/ alongside standard /ɑχpɑɾ/. Such an idiosyncratic version can be set as a phonemic or phonetic version of the word: so /ɑχpɑɾ, ɒχpɒɾ/ or /ɑχpɑɾ/ and [ɑχpɑɾ, ɒχpɒɾ] with a note explaining the idiosyncraticity. For the takuhi word in that song, again, is a systematic pronunciation for that word, or an idiosyncratic way that only this guy says it, or a systematic regional aspect of some area in Armenia? A dictionary should be exact on how it's gathering its pronunciation entries.
 * [ɑ̈]: typical IPA is /æ/. And if you're gonna use in some phonetic representation, again, their either systematic pronunciation across the lexicon (like apple) OR an idiosyncratic but common pronunciation for a specific word (like probably)
 * rhotic: instead of dying on a hill, it's better to just go do a phonetic experiment :P Tabita Toparlak and Talia Tahtadjian have done past Armenian rhotic studies in case you're going down that route.
 * devoicing: nah the closest you get is me mentioning in a WA grammar that I'm writing (a draft online somewhere; it takes a while to write)
 * dental: well then if you do a dental [t] in phonetic form because systematic, then a question is why have non-dental /t/ in phonemic form? One would expect that phonemic form is more careful speech in some way, but if the /t/ is always dental, then I'd expect a different symbol or just an explanation in the key. Oftentimes in the linguistic world that I see, adding dental diacritics are too tiring so a default /t/ with a footnote often suffices.
 * English liquid: nah syllabic sonorants are a common thing in English linguistics, to the point that we even teach it to undergrads. https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d&q=syllablic+liquid+english Hovsepig (talk) 17:32, 4 May 2024 (UTC)
 * regarding utility: i would expect the same from a linguistic resource, which wiktionary arguably is indeed, but it's not geared toward linguists, meaning that what's extraneous to you and i may help someone else. basically, the extra information will not hurt anyone. if the diacritics are undesirable in wikipron, they can simply be cleaned with ctrl+H during pre-processing of the data, which would be necessary anyway for normalization.
 * regarding /a/: then someone should edit the american english /æ/ to be /a/ instead, for this vowel is often rather low and not near-low. but no one will. basically, what i usually see is transcription depending on how many low vowels a language has: one low vowel means /a/, two means /æ ɑ(ɒ)/, and three means /æ a ɑ(ɒ)/ (or sometimes /ɛ a ɔ/...), with the exception for the first group being languages like turkish where the low vowel explicitly behaves back in the harmony system. armenian doesn't have evidence for /a/ phonologically behaving like a back vowel, as far as the analyses i've read at least.
 * regarding [ɑ̈]: this symbol does not mean a fronted ɑ, but rather a centralized ɑ, according to the IPA. an illustrative example is high vowels: from back to front we have [u ü ʉ ÿ y]. likewise from back to front for low vowels we have [ɑ ɑ̈ a æ̈ æ]. we both know that phonemically these distinctions are never useful, because such granular distinctions are thought to be impossible. that they exist in the IPA at all, though, show that they are useful in a phonetic context to represent the most neutral pronunciation, since, although not contrastive, the difference is still audible.
 * the pronunciation as central-back is systematic in neutral, educated speech. pronunciations otherwise are due to other factors; cf. the pronunciation s[a]rry (for ordinary s[ɑ]rry) in american english expressing insincerity.
 * tangentially, [ա̈] is ugly, and [ՠ] is better... i don't understand what bewitched linguists to abandon it. i can understand [ո̈ւ օ̈], though.
 * i expect that [ա̊խպա̊ր] comes from a certain emotive style of speech that deserves study. this pronunciation is not neutral. you will hear it when people complain, for example, as in [ա̊խ ինչ ցա̊վում ա̊ ձէռքըս]. i associate it with women, but this is just anecdotal, and it requires investigation.
 * թագուհի seems to be fronted because of the singing style. the point i was trying to make is that this pronunciation is still perfectly understandable to an armenian, meaning that frontness-backness is not contrastive.
 * rhotic: i will do both.
 * devoicing: unfortunate... that seems like another experiment waiting to be done.
 * dental: the same laziness that makes people write /r/ or /u/ for american english, a laziness that is actually sanctioned by the IPA, which is why it's still common. we can show that phonemic form is not more careful speech by considering american english æ-tensing, or american raising (canadian raising without /aʊ/ affected), or the backing of /u/ before coda /l/, which are all mandatory no matter what (no matter how careful the speech, pan and pad, write and ride, and rude and rule do not have the same vowel phonetically for speakers where these rules are operative). we may also consider the typical transcription for romance languages, which all have dentals for their /t/, but are never transcribed so in phonemic transcription, for exactly the reason you gave, but that wiktionary for spanish (and turkish, inconsistently...) represents them as dental in phonetic transcription.
 * tangentially, the lack of separate symbols for dental and alveolar stops in the IPA is beyond ridiculous, since the distinction is known in many languages from many places. this violates the IPA principles. the click consonants fare better in this respect, believe it or not.
 * and, i was specifically referring to /ˈlæt.əɹ/ with the /t/ closing the syllable. sorry for being unclear. i do not dispute that the /l/ in apple is syllabic: that's definitely non-controversial.
 * by the way, i will make the edits i said i would make probably in two or four days. i haven't forgotten about them. RagingPichu (talk) 09:51, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
 * @RagingPichu also revert the lack of aspiration in WA like կարագ. Whether voiceless stops are aspirated varies by geographic region. But the convention is to follow Istanbul pronunciations for aspiration marking in dictionaries. Hovsepig (talk) 11:35, 11 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Why did you split the phonemic and phonetic transcriptions into two modules? You should merge them into one and the template code should be rewritten to support it. — Fenakhay ( حيطي · مساهماتي ) 00:13, 12 May 2024 (UTC)
 * i have actually been thinking of how to merge them, since they obviously share a lot of overlap. the way i did it now was the quick way while i think of a more elaborate method to handle it, and then deprecate Module:hy-phonemes. i was planning to do this after i finish creating a conjugation module that can automatically detect which type of verb it's dealing with. RagingPichu (talk) 00:19, 12 May 2024 (UTC)
 * i have actually been thinking of how to merge them, since they obviously share a lot of overlap. the way i did it now was the quick way while i think of a more elaborate method to handle it, and then deprecate Module:hy-phonemes. i was planning to do this after i finish creating a conjugation module that can automatically detect which type of verb it's dealing with. RagingPichu (talk) 00:19, 12 May 2024 (UTC)

I have reverted the recent edits, not because of the details of the phonetic transcription (I don't know enough about Armenian to have an opinion) but because it was showing the alternative pronunciations thus: hy, which has completely overwhelmed both Category:IPA pronunciations with invalid representation marks and Category:IPA pronunciations with invalid IPA characters. If you want to show multiple pronunciations within a single IPA tag, you have to put them in separate parameters thus: hy. —Mahāgaja · talk 19:40, 11 May 2024 (UTC)

 * thanks, i fixed it (before @Fenakhay reverted it). this brings up another issue, though: @Vahagn Petrosyan added in the allowed set of armenian phonemes into Module:IPA/data nearly 10 years ago, which is (was) generating red marks for words like and since 'e' and 'œ' aren't recognized in the list of armenian phonemes, a list which should be updated (to include potential dialectal data as well, for the future). RagingPichu (talk) 00:17, 12 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I have updated Module:IPA/data for 'hy'. Let me know if any phonemes are missing. Vahag (talk) 08:09, 12 May 2024 (UTC)

, why is your code generating Eastern Armenian /kʰɑˈtʰɑ/ for, and not /ɡɑˈtʰɑ/? --Vahag (talk) 12:19, 25 May 2024 (UTC)

 * very bizarre... i'll seek other examples to see what the pattern is. it's also generating /ɡɑˈkʰɑtʰ/, [ɡɑɡɑ́tʰ] for . i'll update when i fix it. RagingPichu (talk) 21:34, 25 May 2024 (UTC)
 * i fixed it. the problem ultimately lay in the regex capturing CVCʰ as an aspirating environment for the voiced stops, since it resembles the environemnt to trigger rule i made designed to capture aspirated affricates. i blame the IPA's silly convention :). delaying the conversion to IPA and processing the aspiration with armenian letters seems to have fixed the problem, and made the code shorter, too. RagingPichu (talk) 22:01, 25 May 2024 (UTC)

badly written code
There's some badly written code here that needs cleanup. The choice to split Module:hy-pronunciation and Module:hy-phonemes was clearly wrong. In addition, we have both hy-pron and hy-IPA (why? what's the difference?), and both of them have a mixture of template and module code, when everything should be in (one single) module. I am going to try and clean some of this up, at least move the template code into the module; but User:RagingPichu you will need to re-merge the modules. Benwing2 (talk) 02:03, 21 May 2024 (UTC)

 * it looks like cleaned up after us (thank you).  generates the pronunciation, and  slaps on dialect tags on it. If this functionality can be merged into one template, that would be great. Vahag (talk) 14:19, 21 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Template talk:hy-pron


text: Tylerisms

title: Tylerisms


text: bóli

title: bóli


text:
grunnleggende

Etymology
From the verb.

Adjective

 * 1) basic
 * 2) fundamental
 * 3) elementary

title: grunnleggende


text: bóle

title: bóle


text: bóleł

title: bóleł


text: fannes

title: fannes


text:
gonge

Noun

 * : an outhouse.

title: gonge


text: elementært

title: elementært


text: elementære

title: elementære


text:
Talk:человек

= Meaning (first entry) = The first meaning is given as person, man. Can I conclude from this that человек means both “human being” and “male person” (as man has both meanings)? Could we clarify that?--89.204.154.32 17:29, 14 May 2014 (UTC)
 * It means “human being in general”, not “male person”. “Male person” is . --Vahag (talk) 18:08, 14 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Thanks a lot! Do you think it would make sense to change (or add a note to) the definition? Maybe others also find it misleading.--89.204.154.32 18:14, 14 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Oh, you changed already …--89.204.154.32 18:28, 14 May 2014 (UTC)

Plural forms like челове́ки
Do these actually exist? It says gen pl челове́к is used with certain numbers but otherwise the forms of лю́ди are used. Benwing2 (talk) 12:37, 6 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Yes, but they are rare poetic forms. --WikiTiki89 15:29, 6 November 2015 (UTC)
 * What about the acc pl form челове́ков vs. the genitive pl. челове́к (according to the manual decl table)? Is the acc pl a mistake? Benwing2 (talk) 15:46, 6 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Yes челове́ков does exist. It's hard to tell just by searching whether челове́к can also be the gen.pl. of that declension. --WikiTiki89 15:57, 6 November 2015 (UTC)
 * The forms челове́ки and челове́ков are sometimes used but are extremely limited - they are jocular, sarcastic, ironic or something, at least in modern Russian. The other plural forms with "человек" are used with cardinal numerals and question word сколько. They are declined. --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 23:21, 8 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Anatoli .... your usage note says gen pl человек is used only with numbers ending in -ь, but this appears wrong. Google searches show clearly that "сорок человек" is normal whereas "сорок людей" is much less common (and many examples of it are Ukrainian). "тысяча человек" has more Google hits than "тысяча людей" but both occur. What's the actual situation? Specifically what happens with numbers 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 1000, 1000000 + the appropriate form of человек, in both nominative and prepositional cases (since in the latter case 40-90 would trigger the prepositional plural of человек)? Thanks! Benwing2 (talk) 05:10, 13 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Thanks for pointing it out. Fixed, I think. --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 08:23, 13 August 2016 (UTC)

Self-link with asterisk in headword line
Seems to be broken. --WikiTiki89 10:09, 19 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Yup, I wrote to CodeCat about this last week. We're not quite sure what's going on here. I need to do some more debugging of Module:headword and Module:links. Benwing2 (talk) 14:27, 19 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Fixed . --WikiTiki89 14:53, 19 August 2016 (UTC)

"чек" pronunciation
Seems to be widespread, though I cannot find a reference. Vziel (talk) 06:50, 11 November 2022 (UTC)

 * has its own entry, which matches the pronunciation. The nominative sg is rather widespread. I don't think the other forms are. Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 06:59, 11 November 2022 (UTC)
 * I see, I guess I forgot to look for it on the English section. Vziel (talk) 07:02, 11 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:человек


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/audanaz

Etymology
Past participle to a lost verb, probably related to 🇨🇬 and thus.

Adjective

 * 1) granted, given

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/audanaz


text: fukuro

title: fukuro


title: tok3


text:
Deckenfarbe

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) ceiling color
 * 2) ceiling paint

title: Deckenfarbe


text:
Teppichfarbe

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) carpet color

title: Teppichfarbe


text:
Tapetenfarbe

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) wallpaper color

title: Tapetenfarbe


text:
Wandfarbe

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) wall color
 * 2) wall paint

title: Wandfarbe


text:
trufan

Etymology
From en. The irregular plural is derived from, itself formed in anology with and.

Noun

 * 1)  A very active and dedicated fan, particularly of science fiction.

title: trufan


text:
User talk:Հայկ Ափրիկյան

եւ
Մենք (ես) որոշել ենք (եմ) անգլերեն Վիքիբառարանում գլխաբառերում օգտագործել միայն «եւ»։ Հայերեն չիմացողների համար տենց մի քիչ ավելի հարմար ա՝ երկու գլիֆները տառադարվում են երկու գլիֆով՝. --Vahag (talk) 18:06, 14 May 2014 (UTC)

title: User talk:Հայկ Ափրիկյան


text:
Talk:dab

... I mistakenly made an entry twice. If you are an editor, please remove one of the descriptions that is a double. Thank you. - DJ Colonel Corn [].

 * ✅ Equinox ◑ 16:13, 24 May 2014 (UTC)

Suggested change in origin of "dab" dance pose
Suggested change in origin : Origin may not be in hip hop as article suggests, the earliest claim in hip hop is it was invented in 2015. The "Dab" pose (not the word dab) is in Kingdom Hearts: Dream Drop Distance. Developed in 2010, this predates all claims of its creation later. Released by Disney & SquareEnix in early 2012. The pose is called "Break Time". Sora holds the "Break Time" pose for several seconds making it unmistakable that this is the pose people associate with "dab".

Video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IPwG34S7gI4

Photo: https://uploads.disquscdn.com/images/6e26cc7d05309a21fd08d217305983fb5cff8735ea15f1e33be744908f65f600.jpg

 * Doesn't seem too likely, culturally, that a hip-hop phenomenon would come from a video game. Also, our entry is about the word "dab", not the pose itself. Equinox ◑ 00:28, 10 July 2017 (UTC)

dab from
In a sentence such as the following, is the sense of "removing" added by the proposition from on its own? She dabbed the tears from her eyes --Backinstadiums (talk) 15:28, 15 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Yes. The vast majority of "verb + preposition" combinations are not fixed phrasal verbs. Equinox ◑ 15:30, 15 September 2019 (UTC)
 * A number of the entries for purported English phrasal verbs are probably not justifiable as phrasal verbs. Many of the definitions in entries for valid English phrasal verbs are not true phrasal verb definitions. In those cases, users would be better served by use of and inclusion of the non-phrasal-verb uses as usage examples thereunder. DCDuring (talk) 15:38, 15 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:dab


text: trufans

title: trufans


text: trufen

title: trufen


text:
Bodenfarbe

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) floor color
 * 2) floor paint

title: Bodenfarbe


text:
lèngua

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) tongue
 * 2) language

title: lèngua


text:
genius familiae

Etymology
From +, genitive singular form of  = “(guardian) spirit of a family”.

Noun

 * 1) A spirit presiding over or guarding a family or household.

title: genius familiae


text:
conworld

Etymology
From ; equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) An imaginary world, especially one with highly-detailed cultures, languages, and geography.

title: conworld


text:
User:KarenJoyce/Shakespeare

Search string for finding pages in need of Shakespeare quotations
By searching Wiktionary for the string "Can we find and add a quotation of Shakespeare", I'm able to find the entries in need of a quotation.

Here's the direct URL: https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?search=Can+we+find+and+add+a+quotation+of+Shakespeare&title=Special%3ASearch&go=Go

Shakespeare's Words
I use the excellent resource Shakespeare's Words to search for the dictionary words lacking quotations. Sometimes I have to vary the spelling. If there's a glossary entry with the same sense as the Wiktionary definition, score! If not, I read the lines from the play or poem to see if any of them sound right.

Sample quotations for each play or sonnet
I use these templates to add quotations. These are roughly alphabetized by title, ignoring initial "The", "The Tragedy of", "King", etc.

Some quotes may be from plays other than noted here due to copying & pasting. I just use the samples to capture the Wikisource links for each work.

 * 1) * 1598, William Shakespeare, All's Well That Ends Well, IV. ii. 27:
 * This has no holding, / To swear by him whom I protest to love / That I will work against him.

Saucy lictors / Will catch at us like strumpets, and scald rhymers / Ballad us out o' tune.
 * 1) * 1598, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Antony and Cleopatra, V. ii. 215:

 * 1) * 1599, William Shakespeare, As You Like It, II. vi. 13:
 * Thou lookest cheerly, and I'll be with / thee quickly.

 * 1) * 1591, William Shakespeare, The Comedy of Errors, V. i. 51:
 * Hath not else his eye / Strayed his affection in unlawful love,

 * 1) * 1608, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Coriolanus, I. i. 98:
 * Still cupboarding the viand,

NOTE: Hamlet has separate Wikisource pages for each act.

 * 1) * 1599, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, Ham II. i. 65:
 * With windlasses and with assays of bias, / By indirections find directions out.

 * 1) * 1597, William Shakespeare, Henry IV, Part 1, IV. iii. 79:
 * You come not home because you have no stomach. / You have no stomach, having broke your fast.

 * 1) * 1597, William Shakespeare, Henry IV, Part 2, I. ii. 50:
 * You come not home because you have no stomach. / You have no stomach, having broke your fast.

 * 1) * 1599, William Shakespeare, The Life of Henry the Fifth, I. i. 46:
 * The Gordian knot of it he will unloose, / Familiar as his garter;

 * 1) * 1592, William Shakespeare, Henry VI, Part 1, IV. vi. 39:
 * In thee thy mother dies, our household's name, / My death's revenge, thy youth, and England's fame.

 * 1) * 1593, William Shakespeare, Henry VI, Part 2, V. i. 34:
 * My mind was troubled with deep melancholy.

 * 1) * 1595, William Shakespeare, Henry VI, Part 3, IV. i. 130:
 * Go levy men, and make prepare for war;

 * 1) * 1613, William Shakespeare, The Life of King Henry the Eighth, V. i. 52:
 * Tomorrow morning to the Council board / He be convented.

 * 1) * 1596, William Shakespeare,  The Life and Death of King John, V. i. 3:
 * Take again / From this my hand, as holding of the Pope / Your sovereign greatness and authority.

 * 1) * 1599, William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar, V. i. 109:
 * You are contented to be led in triumph / Thorough the streets of Rome?

 * 1) * 1605, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of King Lear, IV. vii. 48:
 * If but as well I other accents borrow / That can my speech defuse,

 * 1) * 1590, William Shakespeare, Love's Labour's Lost, III. i. 11:
 * but to jig off a tune at / the tongue's end, canary to it with your feet,

 * 1) * 1606, William Shakespeare, Macbeth, IV. i. 23:
 * Witch's mummy, maw and gulf / Of the ravined salt sea shark,

 * 1) * 1604, William Shakespeare, Measure, for Measure, III. ii. 164:
 * This / ungenitured agent will unpeople the province with / continency.

 * 1) * 1599, William Shakespeare, The Merry Wives of Windsor, III. i. 110:
 * and let us knog our / prains together to be revenge on this same scald, scurvy, / cogging companion,

 * 1) * 1594, William Shakespeare, A Midsummer Night's Dream, III. ii. 287:
 * What, will you tear / Impatient answers from my gentle tongue?

 * 1) * 1603, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Othello, The Moor of Venice, II. iii. 186:
 * The gravity and stillness of your youth / The world hath noted;

 * 1) * 1599, William Shakespeare, The Passionate Pilgrim, V. ii. 12:
 * Pack night, peep day; good day, of night now borrow: / Short night, to-night, and length thyself to-morrow.

 * 1) * 1608, William Shakespeare, Pericles, Prince of Tyre, II. iii. 29:
 * These cates resist me,

 * 1) * 1594, William Shakespeare, The Rape of Lucrece:
 * To make him curse this cursed crimeful night:

 * 1) * 1593, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of King Richard the Second, I. iii. 66:
 * But lusty, young, and cheerly drawing breath.

 * 1) * 1593, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Richard the Third, IV. i. 10:
 * To gratulate the gentle princes there.

 * 1) * 1593, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, II. iv. 134:
 * But a hare that is hoar / Is too much for a score / When it hoars ere it be spent.

 * 1) * 1594, William Shakespeare, The Taming of the Shrew, IV. i. 178:
 * My falcon now is sharp and passing empty, / And till she stoop she must not be full-gorged, / For then she never looks upon her lure.

 * 1) * 1609, William Shakespeare, Sonnet 14:
 * Or say with Princes if it shall go well, / By oft predict that I in heaven find.

 * 1) * 1611, William Shakespeare, The Tempest, IV. i. 180:
 * through / Toothed briars, sharp furzes, pricking goss, and thorns,

 * 1) * 1607, William Shakespeare, The Life of Timon of Athens, I. i. 95:
 * A thousand moral paintings I can show / That shall demonstrate these quick blows of Fortune's / More pregnantly than words.

 * 1) * 1607, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Titus Andronicus, IV. i. 124:
 * O heavens, can you hear a good man groan / And not relent, or not compassion him?

 * 1) * 1602, William Shakespeare, Troilus and Cressida, I. iii. 205:
 * They call this bed-work, mappery, closet-war;

 * 1) * 1599, William Shakespeare, Twelfth Night, V. i. 379:
 * [Sir Toby]: and for his / cowardship, ask Fabian. / [Fabian]: A coward, a most devout coward, religious in it!

 * 1) * 1599, William Shakespeare,  The Two Gentlemen of Verona, I. ii. 124:
 * Poor, forlorn Proteus, passionate Proteus,

 * 1) * 1613, William Shakespeare, The Two Noble Kinsmen, III. vi. 86:
 * Is not this piece too strait? / No, no, 'tis well.

title: User:KarenJoyce/Shakespeare


text: ។ល។

title: ។ល។


text:
viduva

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) widow

title: viduva


text:
furmeîga

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun
(plural furmeîghe)

 * 1) ant

title: furmeîga


text:
savì

Etymology
, from.

Verb

 * 1) to know

title: savì


text:
Sandboden

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) sandy ground

title: Sandboden


text:
Felsboden

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) rocky ground

title: Felsboden


text:
dulfeîn

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) dolphin

title: dulfeîn


text:
tørste

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1) (a) thirst

Etymology 3
From.

Verb

 * 1) to be thirsty
 * 2) (tørste etter) to thirst for (something)

Etymology 1
From.

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1) (a) thirst

Etymology 3
From,.

title: tørste


text:
comedon

Etymology
Ultimately from, probably from a derivative form or with an additional suffix in Friulian. Cf. 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,.

Noun

 * 1)  elbow

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) comedo

title: comedon


text: tørstere

title: tørstere


text: tørstest

title: tørstest


text:
uleîo

Etymology
From, compare. Compare 🇨🇬,.

Noun
(plural uleîi)

 * 1) olive tree, olive

title: uleîo


text: tørsteste

title: tørsteste


text:
čigov

Pronoun

 * 1)  whose
 * 2)  whose

title: čigov


text:
neopatriarchal

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to neopatriarchy.

title: neopatriarchal


text:
coude à coude

Adverb

 * 1) elbow to elbow in close proximity, side by side
 * 2) neck and neck, nip and tuck so evenly matched that the advantage shifts from one to the other, and the outcome is uncertain

title: coude à coude


text:
dazierto

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) desert

title: dazierto


text:
ĉatobriando

Etymology
Borrowed from, , who is said to have enjoyed this type of steak.

Noun

 * 1)  steak cut from a beef tenderloin

title: ĉatobriando


text:
dichin

Noun

 * 1) hunger

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) tarpaulin cover for a carriage

title: dichin


text: passionated

title: passionated


text: passionates

title: passionates


text: passionating

title: passionating


text: tørster

title: tørster


text: GATS

title: GATS


text:
tørsta

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to be thirsty
 * 2) (tørsta etter) to thirst for (something)

title: tørsta


text:
cocurate

Verb

 * 1)  To curate jointly.
 * The two artists cocurated their exhibition.

title: cocurate


text: cocurated

title: cocurated


text: cocurating

title: cocurating


text: cocurates

title: cocurates


text:
cocurator

Noun

 * 1) A joint curator; one who cocurates.

title: cocurator


text: cocurators

title: cocurators


text: tørstet

title: tørstet


text:
carry all before one

Verb

 * 1) To overcome all obstacles; to have uninterrupted success.

title: carry all before one


text: vitenskapen

title: vitenskapen


text: vitenskaper

title: vitenskaper


text: pickpocketings

title: pickpocketings


text: Wiktionary:Foreign Word of the Day/2014/May 15


text: vitenskapene

title: vitenskapene


text:
passifan

Noun

 * 1)  A fan, particularly of science fiction, who watches and reads the genre but does not actively engage in fanac, or fan activity.

title: passifan


text: passifans

title: passifans


text:
Jew's frankincense

Noun

 * 1) benzoin (resinous substance)

title: Jew's frankincense


text: Jew's mallow

title: Jew's mallow


text:
frost-nail

Noun

 * 1) A nail with a sharp head, driven into a horseshoe to keep the horse from slipping.

title: frost-nail


text:
Hagelwetter

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) hailstorm

title: Hagelwetter


text:
Regenwetter

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) rainy weather, showery weather, wet weather

title: Regenwetter


text:
Sturmwetter

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) stormy weather

title: Sturmwetter


text:
frost smoke

Noun

 * 1) A phenomenon resembling smoke, caused by congelation of vapor in the atmosphere in times of severe cold.

title: frost smoke


text:
leading motive

Noun

 * 1)  leitmotif

title: leading motive


text:
egology

Noun

 * 1)  A science of the ego, in Husserlian philosophy.

title: egology


text: ganev

title: ganev


text:
egological

Adjective

 * 1) Relating to egology.

title: egological


text:
eksakt

Adjective

 * 1) exact

Adverb

 * 1) exactly

Adjective

 * 1) exact

title: eksakt


text: eksakte

title: eksakte


text:
straw bail

Noun

 * 1)  Worthless bail, as given by irresponsible persons.

title: straw bail


text:
straw bid

Noun

 * 1)  A worthless bid; a bid for a contract which the bidder is unable or unwilling to fulfill.

title: straw bid


text:
odotuslista

Noun

 * 1) waiting list

title: odotuslista


text:
Tiefschnee

Noun

 * 1) deep snow

title: Tiefschnee


text:
Neuschnee

Noun

 * 1) fresh snow, new snow

title: Neuschnee


text:
Dutch clinker

Noun

 * 1) A very hard, narrow, yellowish brick made in Holland, used to pave stables etc.

title: Dutch clinker


text:
menaçâ

Etymology
From, present active infinitive of , from , from. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to threaten

title: menaçâ


text:
Dutch tile

Noun

 * 1) A glazed and painted ornamental tile, formerly much exported, and used in the jambs of chimneys etc.

authors: Celui qui crée ébauches de football anglais

title: Dutch tile


text:
femme fan

Noun

 * 1)  A female fan, particularly of science fiction.

title: femme fan


text: femme fans

title: femme fans


text:
nudrî

Etymology
From, present active infinitive of.

Verb

 * 1)  To feed or nourish

title: nudrî


text:
indestrutível

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) indestructible not able to be destroyed

title: indestrutível


text:
indigestão

Noun

 * 1) indigestion condition caused by eating too quickly

title: indigestão


text:
indigência

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) indigence extreme poverty

title: indigência


text:
infalível

Adjective

 * 1) infallible without fault or weakness; incapable of error or fallacy

title: infalível


text:
infanticídio

Noun

 * 1) infanticide the murder of an infant

title: infanticídio


text:
slipéar

Noun

 * 1) slipper low soft shoe

title: slipéar


text:
inexportável

Adjective

 * 1) nonexportable not exportable

title: inexportável


text:
inexperiente

Adjective

 * 1) inexperienced having little or no experience

title: inexperiente


text:
elbow scissors

Noun

 * 1) Surgical scissors bent in the blade or shank for convenience in cutting.

title: elbow scissors


text:
inestimável

Adjective

 * 1) unable to be estimated
 * 2) priceless extremely precious

title: inestimável


text:
inescrupuloso

Adjective

 * 1) unscrupulous without scruples

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) unscrupulous

title: inescrupuloso


text:
pharmacracy

Noun

 * 1) rule by doctors or medicine

title: pharmacracy


text:
pharmacratic

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to pharmacracy.

title: pharmacratic


text:
industriosidade

Noun

 * 1) industry tendency to work persistently

title: industriosidade


text:
indústria leve

Noun

 * 1) light industry industry that does not require high capitalisation or heavy machinery

title: indústria leve


text:
indistinguível

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) indistinguishable not distinguishable

title: indistinguível


text:
through stone

Noun

 * 1) A perpend.
 * 2) A flat gravestone.

title: through stone


text:
through bridge

Noun

 * 1) A bridge whose floor is supported by the lower chords of the tissues instead of the upper, so that travel is between the trusses and not over them.

title: through bridge


text:
Talk:thinking cap

Also an actual cap, worn while smoking?
on Wikipedia says that this can also be called a thinking cap; is it true? Equinox ◑ 21:35, 8 May 2020 (UTC)
 * I wouldn't take much notice of that uncited stub on Wikipedia. That information was inserted by a single purpose account that did several other dubious things to the article at the same time.  It removed the only source and inserted an unsourced nationalistic claim over origin (which may or may not be true).  I'm inclined to revert that edit entirely.
 * The first verse of a poem in this book might suggest it.  Spinning Spark  12:32, 9 May 2020 (UTC)

THE SMOKING CAP The cap, dear Mrs —, the cap with neb most neat, A fit delightful, and design complete; A thinking-cap, to cover sleep and brains withal; Or smoking-cap, to swagger in the hall. In hours of dull retirement, when reflection reigns, Or warmer moment when the passion gains Supreme control, and moves the heart right far away, May your black cap forbid the mind to stray.

title: Talk:thinking cap


text: thinking caps

title: thinking caps


text:
bridle wrist

Noun

 * 1)  The wrist of the left hand, in which a horseback rider holds the bridle.

title: bridle wrist


text:
wrist plate

Noun

 * 1) A swinging plate in a steam engine, bearing two or more wrists, for operating the valves.

title: wrist plate


text: téide

title: téide


text:
indo-europeística

Noun

 * 1) Indo-European studies

title: indo-europeística


text: téada

title: téada


text:
indiscutivelmente

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) unquestionably; undeniably; beyond doubt

title: indiscutivelmente


text:
femfan

Noun

 * 1)  A female science fiction fan.

title: femfan


text: femfans

title: femfans


text: femfen

title: femfen


text: femme fen

title: femme fen


text:
amplach

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) hungry
 * 2) greedy, covetous
 * 1) greedy, covetous

title: amplach


text:
indutância

Noun

 * 1) inductance property by which a voltage is induced in an electric circuit by a changing magnetic field

title: indutância