text:
Citations:Fannibal

Noun: "(fandom slang) a fan of the American television series Hannibal and/or of the fictional character Hannibal Lecter"

 * 2013, Julien Fielding, "What’s on TV: ‘Hannibal’ gives a better backstory to Dr. Lecter", The Daily Nonpareil (Council Bluffs, Iowa), 20 June 2013, page 9A:
 * I consider myself to be a “Fannibal.”
 * 2013, Nina Garin, "'Hannibal' debuts at Comic-Con", U-T San Diego, 26 June 2013:
 * Attention Fannibals! (That's what fans of the NBC drama, "Hannibal" call themselves. Really.)
 * 2013, Mariah Anissa Ramos, "From the Desk of a Fannibal", Triton's Call (University of Guam), Volume 35, Issue 2, October 2013, page 18 (used in title only)
 * 2013, Mollie Forman, "Eat the executive", Post- (Brown University), 20 November 2013:
 * Following this example, the Fannibals mailed NBC business cards reading “Eat the Rude” and bombed Twitter in hopes of trending worldwide. Suffice it to say, the show was renewed.
 * 2014, Emma Frey, "Finding humanity in ‘Hannibal’", The Knox Student (Knox College, Galesburg, Illinois), 5 March 2014:
 * If you’re not already a “fannibal,” I highly recommend checking out NBC’s interpretation of arguably the most famous fictional serial killer.
 * 2014, Scott Neumyer, "NBC's 'Hannibal' returns with higher ratings", New York Daily News, 11 March 2014:
 * “There was a tremendous groundswell of support from the Fannibals,” Fuller told The News,
 * 2014, "Blood work", Total Film, July 2014, page 25:
 * We can see why even the actors would get freaked out making Hannibal – it features some of the most disgusting corpses this side of The Walking Dead, which ‘Fannibals’ refer to as ‘tableaus’ because of their arty arrangements.

title: Citations:Fannibal


text:
cradle hole

Noun

 * 1) A sunken place in a road, caused by thawing, or by travel over a soft spot.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: cradle hole


text:
beisbolista

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) baseball player, baseballer

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) baseball player, baseballer

title: beisbolista


text: beisbolistas

title: beisbolistas


text:
benguelandelfiini

Etymology
🇰🇲

Noun

 * 1) Heaviside's dolphin, Haviside's dolphin,

title: benguelandelfiini


text:
קמץ

Noun

 * 1) The Hebrew diacritical mark kamatz ( ִ ◌ָ).

Verb

 * 1) clench

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) kamatz Hebrew diacritical mark

title: קמץ


text:
User:Wiki Historian

I might seem a bit strange just popping up. The historical wiki is something that we've had on the drawing board for months. It's something we're actually doing, not just a random idea.

title: User:Wiki Historian


text:
bilateraalisesti

Adverb

 * 1) bilaterally

title: bilateraalisesti


text:
combination car

Noun

 * 1)  A railroad car containing two or more compartments used for different purposes, transporting passengers and freight.
 * 2) A vehicle that serves either as a hearse or as an ambulance.
 * 3) A tram or streetcar with separate open and closed compartments, often with the open compartment allowing smoking where the closed compartment does not.
 * 1) A tram or streetcar with separate open and closed compartments, often with the open compartment allowing smoking where the closed compartment does not.

title: combination car


text: Category:Slovene neuter o-stem nouns with mobile accent


text: Category:gl:Basketball

title: Category:gl:Basketball


text: Category:Arabic terms derived from Omotic languages


text:
kahdenvälisesti

Adverb

 * 1) bilaterally

title: kahdenvälisesti


text: Category:Terms derived from Omotic languages


text:
User talk:Wiki Historian

welcome
Welcome!

Hello, welcome to Wiktionary, and thank you for your contributions so far.

If you are unfamiliar with wiki editing, take a look at Help:How to edit a page. It is a concise list of technical guidelines to the wiki format we use here: how to, for example, make text boldfaced or create hyperlinks. Feel free to practice in the sandbox. If you would like a slower introduction we have a short tutorial.

These links may help you familiarize yourself with Wiktionary:

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 * Our Criteria for inclusion (CFI) define exactly which words can be added to Wiktionary, though it may be a bit technical and longwinded. The most important part is that Wiktionary only accepts words that have been in somewhat widespread use over the course of at least a year, and citations that demonstrate usage can be asked for when there is doubt.
 * If you already have some experience with editing our sister project Wikipedia, then you may find our guide for Wikipedia users useful.
 * The FAQ aims to answer most of your remaining questions, and there are several help pages that you can browse for more information.
 * A glossary of our technical jargon, and some hints for dealing with the more common communication issues.
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You are encouraged to add a BabelBox to your userpage. This shows which languages you know, so other editors know which languages you'll be working on, and what they can ask you for help with.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! If you have any questions, bring them to the Information desk, or ask me on my talk page. If you do so, please sign your posts with four tildes: ~ which automatically produces your username and the current date and time.

Again, welcome! -- Cirt (talk) 20:43, 1 May 2014 (UTC)

title: User talk:Wiki Historian


text:
kahdenvälinen

Adjective

 * 1) bilateral

title: kahdenvälinen


text: Category:es:Handball

title: Category:es:Handball


text: Category:gl:Handball

title: Category:gl:Handball


text:
biljoonas

Adjective

 * 1) trillionth, billionth  1,000,000,000,000th

title: biljoonas


text: mopedene

title: mopedene


text:
Citations:Obliterix

 * 2013, David Peroutka, ,, dialogue circa level 25:
 * Chloria of the Ochori:  Something is killing our runestones! // Sound the horn! // Protect the Obliterix!
 * ibidem:
 * Frans of the Frako:  Oy… you have destroyed the Obliterix? / How could you? Wilderness forgive us! // You have destroyed the oldest runestone in the world! / The Obliterix was nine thousand years old, / created by the founding tribes! // Oy, oy, oy! What have I done? Why did you listen to me? Why?!

title: Citations:Obliterix


text: mopedar

title: mopedar


text: mopedane

title: mopedane


text:
קובוץ

Noun

 * 1) The Hebrew diacritical mark kubutz ( ִ ◌ֻ).

title: קובוץ


text:
not just a pretty face

Noun

 * 1)  Someone who is more intelligent, talented, or emotionally complex than might be assumed.
 * 2)  Something that is more useful, versatile, or intrinsically valuable than might be assumed.
 * 1)  Something that is more useful, versatile, or intrinsically valuable than might be assumed.
 * 1)  Something that is more useful, versatile, or intrinsically valuable than might be assumed.

Usage notes

 * Typically used regardless of the appearance of the subject, often with humorous intent, and sometimes as a self-description.

title: not just a pretty face


text:
bat and ball

Noun

 * 1)  A style of handwriting with distinct circles and straight lines, rather than a more cursive style.

title: bat and ball


text:
horse thief

Noun

 * 1) Someone who steals horses.

Hypernyms

 * See Thesaurus:rustler

Translations

 * Dutch:, paardendievegge
 * German: ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Latin:
 * Polish:
 * Russian:

title: horse thief


text: horse thieves

title: horse thieves


text: Reptile

title: Reptile


text: Category:Italian terms derived from Tigrinya


text: Category:Italian terms derived from Ethiopian Semitic languages


text:
סגול

Etymology 1
/, due to its graphic shape thought to resemble grapes. Accordingly, in the earliest Hebrew-language Masoretic treatises with shwa on the samekh. .

Noun

 * 1) The Hebrew diacritical mark segol ( ִ ◌ֶ).

Etymology 2
From.

Adjective

 * 1) violet, purple

title: סגול


text:
fall to

Verb

 * 1)  To enter into or begin an activity, especially with enthusiasm or commitment and especially in regard to the activities of eating or drinking.
 * 2) * 1934 March 26, "Books: Hurstwurst" (book review of Anitra's Dance by Fannie Hurst), Time (retrieved 1 May 2014) :
 * Many a reader whose appetite rejoices in hearty fare tucked in his napkin, smacked his lips and fell to with a will.
 * 1)  To succumb to (a prank or trick); to fall for (something).
 * 1) * 1934 March 26, "Books: Hurstwurst" (book review of Anitra's Dance by Fannie Hurst), Time (retrieved 1 May 2014) :
 * Many a reader whose appetite rejoices in hearty fare tucked in his napkin, smacked his lips and fell to with a will.
 * 1)  To succumb to (a prank or trick); to fall for (something).
 * 1)  To succumb to (a prank or trick); to fall for (something).

Usage notes

 * Not to be confused with usages of the verb followed by a prepositional phrase beginning with, as in:
 * He fell to his knees.
 * The responsibility fell to her.

title: fall to


text:
חיריק

Noun

 * 1) The Hebrew diacritical mark hiriq ( ִ ◌ִ).

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) hiriq Hebrew diacritical mark

title: חיריק


text:
Talk:مردم

I know it means "people" in the sense of "persons". Does it also mean "people" in the sense of "nation"? And if not, how is the plural (mardomān/-hā) used? Is it constructed as a singular or as a plural (mardom ast or mardom hastand)? Can it be used with numbers (čehār mardom)? All these things would be interesting for me personally, but should also be added in a usage note. Thanks in advance!

title: Talk:مردم


text:
tricent

Etymology
From.

Numeral

 * 1)  three hundred

title: tricent


text:
kvarcent

Etymology
From.

Numeral

 * 1)  four hundred

title: kvarcent


text:
MKZ-epidemie

Noun

 * 1)  of

title: MKZ-epidemie


text: MKZ-epidemieën

title: MKZ-epidemieën


text: MKZ-epidemies

title: MKZ-epidemies


text: MKZ-epidemietje

title: MKZ-epidemietje


text: MKZ-epidemietjes

title: MKZ-epidemietjes


text: Wiktionary:Foreign Word of the Day/2014/May 2


text:
periodesystem

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) periodic table (chart of the chemical elements by atomic number)

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) periodic table (as above)

title: periodesystem


text:
צירי

Noun

 * 1) The Hebrew diacritical mark tzere ( ִ ◌ֵ).

title: צירי


text:
Template:R:MWOnline/documentation

Parameter 1 should be the number found by searching Merriam-Webster Online.

Parameter 2 is optionally a name other than the pagename.

title: Template:R:MWOnline/documentation


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrumaz

Etymology
Possibly from or ("to hit, break").

Adjective

 * 1) weak, frail

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrumaz


text:
rilojo

Etymology
From, from. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) clock, watch

title: rilojo


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/trumaz

Etymology 1
Continues, from ,. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) root (of a plant)

Etymology 2
Related to or derived from the above. For the semantic development, compare 🇨🇬 and.

Adjective

 * 1) firm, strong

Descendants

 * (in compounds: ; )
 * (in compounds: ; )
 * (in compounds: ; )

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/trumaz


text:
staxis

Noun

 * 1) hemorrhage

title: staxis


text: Wiktionary:Foreign Word of the Day/2014/May


text: Wiktionary:Foreign Word of the Day/2014/May 3


text:
balonvolea

Etymology
A semantic, from.

Noun

 * 1)  volleyball

Etymology
A semantic, from.

Noun

 * 1)  volleyball

title: balonvolea


text: Wiktionary:Foreign Word of the Day/2014/May 4


text: paddene

title: paddene


text: 黄芽白

title: 黄芽白


text:
niecierpliwie

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) impatiently, eagerly

title: niecierpliwie


text: Category:es:Volleyball

title: Category:es:Volleyball


text: Category:gl:Volleyball

title: Category:gl:Volleyball


text: Category:zh:Vegetables

title: Category:zh:Vegetables


text: Category:nb:Amphibians

title: Category:nb:Amphibians


text: Category:zh:Foods

title: Category:zh:Foods


text: Trewir

title: Trewir


text: Category:zh:Food and drink

title: Category:zh:Food and drink


text: Category:zh:Plants

title: Category:zh:Plants


text: huángyábái

title: huángyábái


text: Category:nn:Amphibians

title: Category:nn:Amphibians


text:
はくさい

Noun

 * 1)  bok choy, Chinese cabbage, napa cabbage

title: はくさい


text: hakusai

title: hakusai


text:
voleibolista

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) volleyball player, volleyballer

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) volleyball player, volleyballer

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) volleyball player, volleyballer

title: voleibolista


text: voleibolistas

title: voleibolistas


text: Category:gl:Tennis

title: Category:gl:Tennis


text: Category:ca:Tennis

title: Category:ca:Tennis


text: Category:gl:Racquet sports

title: Category:gl:Racquet sports


text: báiguǐ

title: báiguǐ


text: Category:zh:Months

title: Category:zh:Months


text: Category:pl:Golf

title: Category:pl:Golf


text: Category:pl:Athletes

title: Category:pl:Athletes


text: Category:pl:Athletics

title: Category:pl:Athletics


text:
piassa

Etymology
From, from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) square (open space in a town)

title: piassa


text:
Talk:gyro

I don't know the usage in English, but actually – to my best knowledge – gyro or gyros is the meat, which is cut from the roasting spit. The sandwich is a gyros pita. Gyro is also often served on a plate, isn't it? In German, we also often call the sandwich, but most people are aware that more correctly it's actually just the meat. I'm surprised that the English entry gives only the sandwich meaning.Kolmiel (talk) 00:11, 2 May 2014 (UTC)

 * Hmm.. other dictionaries are divided on this; Merriam-Webster defines "gyro" as "a sandwich...", Dictionary.com defines it as "meat... usually served in a sandwich"; notably, none of the dictionaries includes both senses at the same time. In use, the "sandwich" sense does seem to be considerably more common than the "meat" sense: I ran the phrase through Google Books in an effort to find uses like "sandwiches filled with gyro" (where "gyro" would have to be taken to mean "meat"), but in fact the only two relevant hits are books that speak of things being "filled with gyro meat", i.e. the sort of meat that is found in gyros = Greek sandwiches! And all the books that speak of  or  are speaking of sandwiches, not meat. I did manage to find one book (by a Greek author) that uses "gyro" to mean "meat": Citations:gyro. - -sche (discuss) 01:08, 2 May 2014 (UTC)

 * the wikipedia article calls it a meat. it might be hard to find published works that refer to gyro as meat if the sense is more commonly used on menus to distinguish it from other sandwiches with different proteins.
 * the word is probably used for both senses (though tbh i've only heard it to refer to the meat) SheepTester (talk) 09:09, 22 March 2024 (UTC)
 * the word is probably used for both senses (though tbh i've only heard it to refer to the meat) SheepTester (talk) 09:09, 22 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:gyro


text: Category:Galician terms suffixed with -ismo


text: Category:Galician terms suffixed with -ing


text: himitsu

title: himitsu


text: Category:gl:Cycling

title: Category:gl:Cycling


text: Category:ca:Cycling

title: Category:ca:Cycling


text:
Template:CJKV/documentation

Parameters

 * The original hanzi form of the word.
 * Default is unless variant character(s) are used in the descendants (see 掛礙 for an example)
 * Default is unless variant character(s) are used in the descendants (see 掛礙 for an example)

 * The 🇨🇬 kana reading of the word
 * The 🇨🇬 kana reading of the word

 * The 🇨🇬 hangul form of the word
 * The 🇨🇬 hangul form of the word

 * The 🇨🇬 quoc ngu form of the word
 * The 🇨🇬 quoc ngu form of the word

 * The 🇨🇬 kana reading of the word
 * The 🇨🇬 kana reading of the word

 * The 🇨🇬 hangul reading of the word
 * The 🇨🇬 hangul reading of the word

 * A second, third, or fourth Japanese reading of the word
 * A second, third, or fourth Japanese reading of the word

 * A second, third, or fourth Korean hangul form of the word
 * A second, third, or fourth Korean hangul form of the word

 * A second, third, or fourth Vietnamese quoc ngu form of the word
 * A second, third, or fourth Vietnamese quoc ngu form of the word

 * A second, third, or fourth Okinawan reading of the word
 * A second, third, or fourth Okinawan reading of the word

 * A second, third, or fourth Jeju reading of the word
 * A second, third, or fourth Jeju reading of the word

 * The shinjitai form of the word (overrides  for Japanese)
 * The shinjitai form of the word (overrides  for Japanese)

 * The hanja form of the word (overrides  for Korean)
 * The hanja form of the word (overrides  for Korean)

 * The Hán tự form of the word (overrides  for Vietnamese)
 * The Hán tự form of the word (overrides  for Vietnamese)

 * Same as  or   (overrides   for Okinawan)
 * Same as  or   (overrides   for Okinawan)

 * deprecated
 * Romanisation of the Okinawan word.

 * Japanese meaning.
 * Japanese meaning.

 * Korean meaning.
 * Korean meaning.

 * Vietnamese meaning.
 * Vietnamese meaning.

 * Okinawan meaning.
 * Okinawan meaning.

 * Jeju meaning.
 * Jeju meaning.

 * Show a see desc next to the 🇨🇬 descendant(s) (see 最高 and 試驗 for examples).
 * Show a see desc next to the 🇨🇬 descendant(s) (see 最高 and 試驗 for examples).

 * Show a see desc next to the 🇨🇬 descendant(s).
 * Show a see desc next to the 🇨🇬 descendant(s).

 * Show a see desc next to the 🇨🇬 descendant(s).
 * Show a see desc next to the 🇨🇬 descendant(s).

 * Show a see desc next to the 🇨🇬 descendant(s).
 * Show a see desc next to the 🇨🇬 descendant(s).

 * Show a see desc next to the 🇨🇬 descendant(s).
 * Show a see desc next to the 🇨🇬 descendant(s).

title: Template:CJKV/documentation


text: Category:gl:Boxing

title: Category:gl:Boxing


text: Category:pt:Boxing

title: Category:pt:Boxing


text: Category:ca:Boxing

title: Category:ca:Boxing


text: Category:gl:Dogs

title: Category:gl:Dogs


text:
Citations:gyro

the sort of meat that is commonly found in Greek sandwiches

 * 1981, in Inside Sports, volume 3, page clxiii:
 * Americans are going to become real Greeks. [...] So I took a job as salesman for a Chicago food distributor — and a crash course in Greek. [... ] I became a partner in a company which could produce 25,000-30,000 pounds of gyro a day.

 * 1993, Paul Kemprecos, Death in Deep Water ISBN 055329735X, page 25
 * "Hey, want some chow? It's on the house." I grabbed the abandoned tray. "Yeah, I need some Greek soul food. It's tough to get the real thing down in fish-and-chips land. Carve me off a couple of pounds of gyro. And I'll have a Coke to go with it."

title: Citations:gyro


text: bǔrǔlèi

title: bǔrǔlèi


text: bóqǐ

title: bóqǐ


text:
ぼっき

Noun

 * 1)  erection of the penis

Verb

 * 1)  have an erection

title: ぼっき


text: bokki

title: bokki


text: Category:zh:Agriculture

title: Category:zh:Agriculture


text: Category:zh:Alcoholic beverages

title: Category:zh:Alcoholic beverages


text: Category:zh:Algae

title: Category:zh:Algae


text: Category:zh:Algebra

title: Category:zh:Algebra


text: Category:zh:Alternative medicine

title: Category:zh:Alternative medicine


text: Category:zh:America

title: Category:zh:America


text: Category:zh:Amphibians

title: Category:zh:Amphibians


text: Category:zh:Anatomy

title: Category:zh:Anatomy


text: Category:zh:Ancient Greece

title: Category:zh:Ancient Greece


text: Category:zh:Animals

title: Category:zh:Animals


text: Category:zh:Arachnids

title: Category:zh:Arachnids


text: Category:zh:Archaeology

title: Category:zh:Archaeology


text: Category:zh:Archery

title: Category:zh:Archery


text: Category:zh:Art

title: Category:zh:Art


text: Category:zh:Arthropods

title: Category:zh:Arthropods


text: Category:zh:Astrology

title: Category:zh:Astrology


text: Category:zh:Astronomy

title: Category:zh:Astronomy


text: Category:zh:Automotive

title: Category:zh:Automotive


text: Category:zh:Ball games

title: Category:zh:Ball games


text: Category:zh:Baseball

title: Category:zh:Baseball


text: Category:zh:Basketball

title: Category:zh:Basketball


text: Category:zh:Bedding

title: Category:zh:Bedding


text: Category:zh:Beverages

title: Category:zh:Beverages


text: Category:zh:Bible

title: Category:zh:Bible


text: Category:zh:Biblical characters

title: Category:zh:Biblical characters


text: Category:zh:Biochemistry

title: Category:zh:Biochemistry


text: Category:zh:Biology

title: Category:zh:Biology


text: Category:zh:Birds

title: Category:zh:Birds


text: Category:zh:Birds of prey

title: Category:zh:Birds of prey


text: Category:zh:Bodily fluids

title: Category:zh:Bodily fluids


text: Category:zh:Bodybuilding

title: Category:zh:Bodybuilding


text: Category:zh:Books

title: Category:zh:Books


text: Category:zh:Botany

title: Category:zh:Botany


text: Category:zh:Buddhism

title: Category:zh:Buddhism


text: Category:zh:Buildings

title: Category:zh:Buildings


text: Category:zh:Burma

title: Category:zh:Burma


text: Category:zh:Business

title: Category:zh:Business


text: Category:zh:Calendar

title: Category:zh:Calendar


text: Category:zh:Canids

title: Category:zh:Canids


text: Category:zh:Card games

title: Category:zh:Card games


text: Category:zh:Cats

title: Category:zh:Cats


text: Category:zh:Chairs

title: Category:zh:Chairs


text: Category:zh:Cheeses

title: Category:zh:Cheeses


text: Category:zh:Chemical elements

title: Category:zh:Chemical elements


text: Category:zh:Chemistry

title: Category:zh:Chemistry


text: Category:zh:Chinese months

title: Category:zh:Chinese months


text: Category:zh:Christianity

title: Category:zh:Christianity


text: Category:zh:Christmas

title: Category:zh:Christmas


text: Category:zh:Clothing

title: Category:zh:Clothing


text: Category:zh:Cocktails

title: Category:zh:Cocktails


text: Category:zh:Colors

title: Category:zh:Colors


text: Category:zh:Communication

title: Category:zh:Communication


text: Category:zh:Communism

title: Category:zh:Communism


text: Category:zh:Complex analysis

title: Category:zh:Complex analysis


text: Category:zh:Computer science

title: Category:zh:Computer science


text: Category:zh:Computing

title: Category:zh:Computing


text: Category:zh:Condiments

title: Category:zh:Condiments


text: Category:zh:Constellations

title: Category:zh:Constellations


text: Category:zh:Cooking

title: Category:zh:Cooking


text: Category:zh:Crustaceans

title: Category:zh:Crustaceans


text: Category:zh:Culture

title: Category:zh:Culture


text: Category:zh:Currency

title: Category:zh:Currency


text: Category:zh:Cycling

title: Category:zh:Cycling


text: Category:zh:Cytology

title: Category:zh:Cytology


text: Category:zh:Dance

title: Category:zh:Dance


text: Category:zh:Dances

title: Category:zh:Dances


text: Category:zh:Days of the week

title: Category:zh:Days of the week


text: Category:zh:Death

title: Category:zh:Death


text: Category:zh:Demonyms

title: Category:zh:Demonyms


text: Category:zh:Desserts

title: Category:zh:Desserts


text: Category:zh:Developmental biology

title: Category:zh:Developmental biology


text: Category:zh:Diseases

title: Category:zh:Diseases


text: Category:zh:Divination

title: Category:zh:Divination


text: Category:zh:Dogs

title: Category:zh:Dogs


text: Category:zh:Drugs

title: Category:zh:Drugs


text: Category:zh:Eagles

title: Category:zh:Eagles


text: Category:zh:Ecology

title: Category:zh:Ecology


text: Category:zh:Economics

title: Category:zh:Economics


text: Category:zh:Electrical engineering

title: Category:zh:Electrical engineering


text: Category:zh:Electricity

title: Category:zh:Electricity


text: Category:zh:Electronics

title: Category:zh:Electronics


text: Category:zh:Elephants

title: Category:zh:Elephants


text: Category:zh:Emotions

title: Category:zh:Emotions


text: Category:zh:Energy

title: Category:zh:Energy


text: Category:zh:Engineering

title: Category:zh:Engineering


text: Category:Chinese renderings of English female given names


text: Category:Chinese renderings of English male given names


text: Category:Chinese renderings of English surnames


text: Category:zh:Entertainment

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text:
Batallion

Etymology
This spelling reflects the common pronunciation of the word.

title: Batallion


text: Category:zh:Hematology

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text:
Category:zh:Military

ko:분류:군사(중국어) ja:カテゴリ:中国語 軍事

title: Category:zh:Military


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text:
Category:zh:Planets

fr:Catégorie:Planètes en chinois lt:Kategorija:Planetos/Kinų kalba ru:Категория:Планеты/zh

title: Category:zh:Planets


text: Category:zh:Poetry

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text: Category:zh:Zoology

title: Category:zh:Zoology


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/trindaz

Etymology
Unclear. Possibly connected to.

Adjective

 * 1) round

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/trindaz


text:
bisfosfonaatti

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬).

Usage notes
Finto terminology database recommends that the term be used instead of this term.

title: bisfosfonaatti


text:
difosfonaatti

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬).

Noun

 * 1)  bisphosphonate, diphosphonate

title: difosfonaatti


text:
Finto

Etymology
An acronym for Finnish Thesaurus and Ontology Service.

Proper noun

 * 1) A terminology database jointly developed by the National Library of Finland, the Finnish Ministry of Finance, and the Ministry of Education and Culture.

title: Finto


text: chūxi

title: chūxi


text:
Module:hak-pron

local export = {} local m_string_utils = require("Module:string utilities")

local gsub = m_string_utils.gsub local sub = mw.ustring.sub local match = m_string_utils.match local find = m_string_utils.find local len = m_string_utils.len local lower = m_string_utils.lower local toNFD = mw.ustring.toNFD

function export.rom_display(text,convtype) if type(text) == 'table' then text,convtype = text.args[1],(text.args[2] or '') end local display = '' local show = { ['pfs'] = , ['gd'] =  } local decomp = mw.text.split(gsub(text,'/',' / '),';',true) local TableTools = require('Module:table') for i = 1,#decomp,1 do		if match(decomp[i],'pfs') then decomp[i] = gsub(decomp[i],'pfs=','') local pfs_readings = { ['n'] = {}, ['s'] = {} } local hrs_readings = { ['n'] = {}, ['s'] = {} } local hpy_readings = { ['n'] = {}, ['s'] = {} } local ipa_readings = { ['n'] = {}, ['s'] = {} } local function display_format(style) local label = { ['n'] = 'Northern ', ['s'] = 'Southern ', ['ns'] = '' } local city = { ['n']	= 'Miaoli', ['s']	= 'Meinong', ['ns']	= 'Miaoli and Meinong' }				local text = string.format("\n** (%sSixian, incl. %s) ", label[style], city[style]) text = text .. "\n*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ : " .. table.concat(pfs_readings[style:sub(1,1)], ' / ') .. ' '				text = text .. "\n*** Hakka Romanization System : " .. table.concat(hrs_readings[style:sub(1,1)], ' / ') .. ' '				text = text .. "\n*** Hagfa Pinyim : " .. table.concat(hpy_readings[style:sub(1,1)], ' / ') .. ' '				local ipa = '\n*** Sinological IPA' local span = ' : /' text = text .. ipa if style == 'ns' then local north = table.concat(ipa_readings['n'], '/, /') local south = table.concat(ipa_readings['s'], '/, /') if north == south then text = text .. span .. north .. '/ '					else text = text .. " (Northern, incl. " .. city['n'] .. ")" .. span .. north .. "/ "						text = text .. ipa .. " (Southern, incl. " .. city['s'] .. ")" .. span .. south .. "/ "					end else text = text .. span .. table.concat(ipa_readings[style], '/, /') .. '/ '				end return text end local function southern(text) local function convert(a, b, c)					local e_a = { ['e'] = 'a', ['ê'] = 'â', ['é'] = 'á', ['è'] = 'à' } return a .. e_a[b] .. c				end text = gsub(text, '([yY])([eéèê])(̍?[nt])', convert) text = gsub(text, '([nN]gi)([eéèê])(̍?[nt])', convert) text = gsub(text, '([kK]h?i)([eéèê])(̍?[nt])', convert) text = gsub(text, '^([hH]i)([eéèê])(̍?[nt])', convert) text = gsub(text, '([%-%s][hH]i)([eéèê])(̍?[nt])', convert) return text end local function add(style, reading) pfs_readings[style][#pfs_readings[style] + 1] = reading hrs_readings[style][#hrs_readings[style] + 1] = export.hrs(reading, style) hpy_readings[style][#hpy_readings[style] + 1] = export.pfs_to_hpy(reading) ipa_readings[style][#ipa_readings[style] + 1] = export.ipa(reading, style) end local ns = true for _, reading in ipairs(mw.text.split(decomp[i], ' / ')) do				if match(reading,':') then local pair = mw.text.split(reading, ':') if pair[1] == 'ns' then add('n', pair[2]) add('s', pair[2]) else ns = false add(pair[1], pair[2]) end elseif match(reading,'[yY]') or reading ~= southern(reading) then ns = false add('n', reading) add('s', southern(reading)) else add('n', reading) add('s', reading) end end if convtype == '' then if ns then display = display .. display_format('ns') else if #pfs_readings['n'] ~= 0 then display = display .. display_format('n') end if #pfs_readings['s'] ~= 0 then display = display .. display_format('s') end end else for i, reading in ipairs(pfs_readings['s']) do					pfs_readings['n'][#pfs_readings['n'] + 1] = pfs_readings['s'][i] end show['pfs'] = table.concat(TableTools.removeDuplicates(pfs_readings['n']), ' / ') end end if match(decomp[i],'gd') then if convtype == '' then display = display .. "\n** (Meixian) " display = display .. "\n*** Guangdong : " .. gsub(gsub(decomp[i],'gd=',''),'([1-6])','%1') .. ' '				display = display .. '\n*** Sinological IPA : /' .. export.gd_to_ipa(decomp[i]) .. "/ "			else show['gd'] = gsub(gsub(decomp[i], 'gd=', ''), '([1-6])', '%1') end end end if convtype ~= '' then local pfs = " (Sixian, PFS) : " .. show['pfs'] .. ' '		local gd = " (Meixian, Guangdong) : " .. show['gd'] .. ' '		if show['pfs'] ~=  and show['gd'] ~=  then display = display .. '\n*:' .. pfs .. '\n*:' .. gd		elseif show['pfs'] ~= '' then display = display .. pfs elseif show['gd'] ~= '' then display = display .. gd		end end return display end

local function find_tone(text) text = toNFD(text) if find(text, '̂') then return 1 elseif find(text, '̀') then return 2 elseif find(text, '́') then return 3 elseif find(text, '̍') then return 6 elseif find(text, '[^n][ptkbdg]$') then return 5 else return 4 end end

function export.ipa(text, dialect) local syllables, initial, final, tone, tone_conv = {}, {}, {}, {}, {} local ipa = {} if type(text) == 'table' then text = text.args[1] end text = gsub(gsub(gsub(lower(text), '%.', ), '%s+$', ), '%s+', '-') syllables = mw.text.split(text, "-") for i, syllable in ipairs(syllables) do		syllable = gsub(syllable, ",", "") syllable = gsub(syllable,'o̍[ae]',{['o̍a']='ua̍',['o̍e']='ue̍'}) syllable = gsub(syllable,'[oóòôō][ae]',{['oa']='ua',['óa']='uá',['òa']='uà',['ôa']='uâ',['ōa']='uā',['oe']='ue',['óe']='ué',['òe']='uè',['ôe']='uê',['ōe']='uē'}) initial[i] = match(syllable, '^[mnptkcfvshyl]?[gh]?h?') final[i] = sub(syllable, len(initial[i]) + 1, -1) local initial_ipa = { ['ng'] = 'ŋ', ['ph'] = 'pʰ', ['th'] = 'tʰ', ['kh'] = 'kʰ', ['ch'] = 't͡s', ['chh'] = 't͡sʰ', ['y'] = 'i'		} initial[i] = initial_ipa[initial[i]] or initial[i] tone[i] = find_tone(final[i]) local final_conv = { ['á'] = 'a', ['é'] = 'e', ['í'] = 'i', ['ó'] = 'o', ['ú'] = 'u', ['́'] = '', ['à'] = 'a', ['è'] = 'e', ['ì'] = 'i', ['ò'] = 'o', ['ù'] = 'u', ['̀'] = '', ['â'] = 'a', ['ê'] = 'e', ['î'] = 'i', ['ô'] = 'o', ['û'] = 'u', ['̂'] = '', ['ń'] = 'n', ['ǹ'] = 'n', ['̍'] = '',			['ṳ'] = 'ɨ', }		final[i] = gsub(final[i], '[âêîôû̂àèìòù̀áéíóú́ńǹ̍ṳ]', final_conv) if initial[i] == 'i' then final[i] = (find(final[i], '^i[mnpt]?$') and '' or 'i') .. final[i] initial[i] = dialect == 's' and '(j)' or '' end final[i] = gsub(final[i], '([ptk])$', '%1̚') final[i] = gsub(final[i], 'ng$', 'ŋ') final[i] = final[i] == 'ŋ' and 'ŋ̍' or final[i] final[i] = gsub(final[i], 'er$', 'ə') final[i] = gsub(final[i], '([aeiouɨ])([aeiouɨ])([aeiouɨ]?)', function(first, second, third)				if third ~= '' then					first = first .. '̯'					third = third .. '̯'				elseif first == 'i' or first == 'u' then					first = first .. '̯'				elseif second == 'i' or second == 'u' then					second = second .. '̯'				end			return first .. second .. third end) end for i, syllable in ipairs(syllables) do		local tone_ipa = { [1] = '²⁴',			[2] = '¹¹',			[3] = '³¹',			[4] = '⁵⁵',			[5] = '²',			[6] = '⁵',		}		tone_conv[i] = tone_ipa[tone[i]] if (tone[i] == 1 and find(tostring(tone[i+1]), '[146]') and not find(syllable, ",")) or (syllable == 'é' and dialect == 'n' and find(mw.title.getCurrentTitle.text, '仔') and find(text, '-é') and find(tostring(tone[i-1]), '[35]')) then tone_conv[i] = tone_conv[i] .. '⁻¹¹'		end ipa[i] = initial[i] .. final[i] .. tone_conv[i] end return gsub(table.concat(ipa, " "), ",", "") end

function export.hrs(text, dialect) if type(text) == 'table' then text = text.args[1] end local syllables = mw.text.split(gsub(lower(text), ' ', '-'), "-") for i, syllable in ipairs(syllables) do		-- check for commas local comma = '' if find(syllable, ',') then comma = ',' syllable = sub(syllable, 1, -2) end -- change consonants syllable = gsub(syllable,'[ptky]',{['p']='b',['t']='d',['k']='g',['y']=dialect == 's' and '(r)i' or 'i'}) syllable = gsub(syllable,'[bdgc]h',{['bh']='p',['dh']='t',['gh']='k',['ch']='z'}) syllable = gsub(syllable,'zh','c') local palatal = {['z']='j',['c']='q',['s']='x',['i']=''} syllable = gsub(syllable,'([zcsi])([iíìî])', function(a,b) return palatal[a]..b end) -- find tones local marks = { [1] = '´', [2] = 'ˇ', [3] = '`', [5] = '`' } local tone = marks[find_tone(syllable)] or '' -- remove tone marks and fix vowels syllable = gsub(syllable, 'ṳ', 'ii') syllable = gsub(toNFD(syllable), '[́̀̂̍]', '') syllable = gsub(syllable, 'o([ae])', 'u%1') -- add new tone marks syllables[i] = syllable .. tone .. comma end return table.concat(syllables, " ") end

function export.pfs_to_hpy(text) if type(text) == 'table' then text = text.args[1] end local syllables = mw.text.split(gsub(lower(text), ' ', '-'), "-") for i, syllable in ipairs(syllables) do		if syllable == '...' then syllables[i] = syllable else -- check for commas local comma = '' if find(syllable, ',') then comma = ',' syllable = sub(syllable, 1, -2) end -- change consonants syllable = gsub(syllable,'[ptk]',{['p']='b',['t']='d',['k']='g'}) syllable = gsub(syllable,'[bdgc]h',{['bh']='p',['dh']='t',['gh']='k',['ch']='z'}) syllable = gsub(syllable,'zh','c') local palatal = {['z']='j',['c']='q',['s']='x'} syllable = gsub(syllable,'([zcs])([iíìî])', function(a,b) return palatal[a]..b end) -- find tones local tone = find_tone(syllable) -- remove tone marks and fix vowels syllable = gsub(syllable, 'ṳ', 'i') syllable = gsub(toNFD(syllable), '[́̀̂̍]', '') syllable = gsub(syllable, 'o([ae])', 'u%1') syllable = syllable == 'yu' and 'yiu' or syllable syllable = gsub(syllable, '([iy])e([nd])', '%1a%2') -- put everything together syllables[i] = syllable .. '' .. tone .. '' .. comma end end return table.concat(syllables, " ") end

function export.gd_to_ipa(text) local initial_conv = { ["b"] = "p", ["p"] = "pʰ", ["m"] = "m", ["f"] = "f", ["v"] = "ʋ", ["d"] = "t", ["t"] = "tʰ", ["n"] = "n", ["l"] = "l", ["g"] = "k", ["k"] = "kʰ", ["ng"] = "ŋ", ["h"] = "h", ["z"] = "t͡s", ["c"] = "t͡sʰ", ["s"] = "s", ["j"] = "t͡s", ["q"] = "t͡sʰ", ["x"] = "s", [""] = "",	}	local final_conv = { ["ii"] = "z̩", ["i"] = "i", ["u"] = "u", ["a"] = "a", ["ia"] = "ia", ["ua"] = "ua", ["ê"] = "e", ["iê"] = "ie", ["uê"] = "ue", ["o"] = "o", ["io"] = "io", ["uo"] = "uo", ["m"] = "m̩", ["n"] = "n̩", ["ai"] = "aɪ", ["iai"] = "iaɪ", ["uai"] = "uaɪ", ["oi"] = "oɪ", ["ui"] = "uɪ", ["iui"] = "iuɪ", ["au"] = "au", ["iau"] = "iau", ["êu"] = "eu", ["iu"] = "iu", ["em"] = "əm", ["im"] = "im", ["am"] = "am", ["iam"] = "iam", ["êm"] = "ɛm", ["en"] = "ən", ["in"] = "in", ["an"] = "an", ["ian"] = "ian", ["uan"] = "uan", ["ên"] = "ɛn", ["iên"] = "iɛn", ["uên"] = "uɛn", ["on"] = "ɔn", ["ion"] = "iɔn", ["uon"] = "uɔn", ["un"] = "un", ["iun"] = "iun", ["ang"] = "aŋ", ["iang"] = "iaŋ", ["uang"] = "uaŋ", ["ong"] = "ɔŋ", ["iong"] = "iɔŋ", ["uong"] = "uɔŋ", ["ung"] = "ʊŋ", ["iung"] = "iʊŋ", ["eb"] = "əp̚", ["ib"] = "ip̚", ["ab"] = "ap̚", ["iab"] = "iap̚", ["êb"] = "ɛp̚", ["ed"] = "ət̚", ["id"] = "it̚", ["ad"] = "at̚", ["iad"] = "iat̚", ["uad"] = "uat̚", ["êd"] = "ɛt̚", ["iêd"] = "iɛt̚", ["uêd"] = "uɛt̚", ["od"] = "ɔt̚", ["ud"] = "ut̚", ["iud"] = "iut̚", ["ag"] = "ak̚", ["iag"] = "iak̚", ["uag"] = "uak̚", ["og"] = "ɔk̚", ["iog"] = "iɔk̚", ["uog"] = "uɔk̚", ["ug"] = "ʊk̚", ["iug"] = "iʊk̚", }	local tone_conv = { ["1"] = "⁴⁴", ["2"] = "¹¹",		["3"] = "³¹",		["4"] = "⁵³",		["5"] = "¹", ["6"] = "⁵",		["1*"] = "⁴⁴⁻³⁵",		["4*"] = "⁵³⁻⁵⁵",	}	if type(text) == 'table' then text = text.args[1] end local words = mw.text.split(text, " / ") local result = {} for _, word in ipairs(words) do		word = gsub(gsub(gsub(word, 'gd=', ), '[%.,]', ), '%s+$', '') local syllables = mw.text.split(word, '%s+') local initial, final, tone, ipa = {}, {}, {}, {} for i, syllable in ipairs(syllables) do			initial[i] = match(syllable, "^[bpmfvdtnlgkhzcsjqx]?g?") final[i] = match(sub(syllable, len(initial[i]) + 1, -1), "^[^1-6]*") if initial[i] == "" and find(final[i], "^i") then error('Syllables starting with "i" need a "y" in front.') end final[i] = gsub(gsub(final[i], "^yi", "i"), "^y", "i") if find(initial[i], "[zcs]") and final[i] == "i" then final[i] = "ii" end if final[i] == "" then final[i] = initial[i] initial[i] = "" end tone[i] = match(syllable, "[1-6]$") end for i, syllable in ipairs(syllables) do			local ortho_pal = { --orthographic palatalization ["z"] = "j", ["c"] = "q", ["s"] = "x", }			local ortho_alv = { --orthographic alveolars ["j"] = "z", ["q"] = "c", ["x"] = "s", }			if find(initial[i], "^[zcs]$") and find(final[i], "^i[^i]") then error("Initial should be " .. ortho_pal[initial[i]] .. "?") end if find(initial[i], "^[jqx]$") and find(final[i], "^[^i]") then error("Initial should be " .. ortho_alv[initial[i]] .. "?") end initial[i] = initial_conv[initial[i]] or error(("Unrecognised initial: \"%s\""):format(initial[i])) final[i] = final_conv[final[i]] or error(("Unrecognised final: \"%s\""):format(final[i])) if match(tone[i], "[14]") and match(tone[i+1] or "", "[2345]") then tone[i] = tone[i] .. "*"			end if initial[i] == "" and final[i] == "e" and tone[i] == "3" and find(mw.title.getCurrentTitle.text, '仔') then initial[i] = match(final[i-1] or '', '([mnŋpti])̚?$') or initial[i] initial[i] = find(final[i-1] or '', 'u$') and 'ʋ' or initial[i] initial[i] = find(final[i-1] or '', '[ao]$') and '(ʋ)' or initial[i] initial[i] = find(final[i-1] or '', 'e$') and '(i)' or initial[i] end tone[i] = tone_conv[tone[i]] ipa[i] = initial[i] .. final[i] .. tone[i] end table.insert(result, table.concat(ipa, " ")) end return table.concat(result, "/, /") end

return export

title: Module:hak-pron


text:
boerboel

Etymology
From +, a shortening of.

Noun

 * 1) A large mastiff dog breed from South Africa

Etymology
<

Noun

 * 1) boerboel large, mastiff dog breed from South Africa

title: boerboel


text: qīngōng

title: qīngōng


text: boikotoiminen

title: boikotoiminen


text: qīnzhàn

title: qīnzhàn


text: gōngkè

title: gōngkè


text: bolognankastike

title: bolognankastike


text: しんりゃくてき

title: しんりゃくてき


text: shinryakuteki

title: shinryakuteki


text:
bolognesekastike

Noun

 * 1) bolognese, Bolognese sauce

title: bolognesekastike


text:
boksinahka

Etymology
🇰🇲

Noun

 * 1) box calf type of calfskin leather

title: boksinahka


text:
прыгажосць

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) beauty

title: прыгажосць


text:
tridase

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,.

Numeral

 * 1)  thirteen

title: tridase


text: 水脹れ

title: 水脹れ


text:
памер

Etymology
From,. Compare.

Noun

 * 1) dimension, size

title: памер


text: mizubukure

title: mizubukure


text:
洗濯機

Noun

 * 1) washing machine

Noun

 * 1) washing machine

Usage notes

 * The reading of sentakki is more informal than sentakuki.

title: 洗濯機


text:
せんたくき

Noun

 * 1)  washing machine

title: せんたくき


text: Category:Lithuanian borrowed terms

title: Category:Lithuanian borrowed terms


text:
せんたっき

Noun

 * 1)  washing machine

title: せんたっき


text: sentakuki

title: sentakuki


text: sentakki

title: sentakki


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 濯 read as たく


text: Category:be:Occupations

title: Category:be:Occupations


text: Category:cs:Compass points

title: Category:cs:Compass points


text: Category:cs:Navigation

title: Category:cs:Navigation


text: Category:cs:Directions

title: Category:cs:Directions


text: Category:ia:Birds

title: Category:ia:Birds


text: Category:he:Orthography

title: Category:he:Orthography


text:
靴擦れ

Noun

 * 1) shoe sore, blister caused by new shoes

title: 靴擦れ


text: Category:he:Writing

title: Category:he:Writing


text:
くつずれ

Noun

 * 1)  shoe sore, blister caused by new shoes

title: くつずれ


text:
kutsuzure

Anagrams

 * tsuzukeru

title: kutsuzure


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 擦 read as すれ


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with kanji read as すれ


text: 水ぶくれ

title: 水ぶくれ


text: Category:ja:Home appliances

title: Category:ja:Home appliances


text: chìzì

title: chìzì


text: Category:Xiang proper nouns

title: Category:Xiang proper nouns


text: Category:Jin proper nouns

title: Category:Jin proper nouns


text: 晋语

title: 晋语


text:
晉語

Etymology
In the 1980s,  proposed that a group of dialects in the Shanxi area should be categorized as "Jin" instead of as Mandarin.

Noun

 * 1) Jin a variety of Chinese spoken primarily in Shanxi province

title: 晉語


text: Jìnyǔ

title: Jìnyǔ


text:
ганяць

Etymology
. Cognates include 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to chase, to pursue

Usage notes

 * and are in the class of Belarusian abstract verbs. Their counterparts,  and, are concrete verbs.

Derived terms

imperfective perfective

title: ганяць


text: Category:Jin nouns

title: Category:Jin nouns


text: Category:Basque borrowed terms

title: Category:Basque borrowed terms


text: Category:Jin language

title: Category:Jin language


text: Category:Istriot terms derived from Proto-Germanic


text: Category:Istriot terms derived from Germanic languages


text: Category:Istriot terms derived from Proto-Indo-European


text: Category:Istriot terms derived from Frankish


text:
цягаць

Etymology
From,.

Verb

 * 1) to drag, to pull

Usage notes

 * and are in the class of Belarusian abstract verbs. Their counterparts,  and, are concrete verbs.

Derived terms
imperfective verbs nouns perfective verbs

title: цягаць


text: Category:Istriot terms derived from West Germanic languages


text:
μπερές

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) beret

title: μπερές


text: time constants

title: time constants


text: boksiitti

title: boksiitti


text: Vietnamin

title: Vietnamin


text: Vietnamissa

title: Vietnamissa


text: Vietnamista

title: Vietnamista


text: Vietnamiin

title: Vietnamiin


text: Vietnamilla

title: Vietnamilla


text: Category:Dutch terms suffixed with -graaf


text: Vietnamilta

title: Vietnamilta


text: Vietnamille

title: Vietnamille


text: Vietnamina

title: Vietnamina


text: Vietnamiksi

title: Vietnamiksi


text: Category:Dutch terms prefixed with foto-


text: bokserikapina

title: bokserikapina


text:
-graaf

Etymology
From.

Suffix

 * 1)  ("writer")

title: -graaf


text:
Module:ltc-pron

local export = {} local m_string_utils = require("Module:string utilities")

local codepoint = m_string_utils.codepoint local gsub = m_string_utils.gsub local len = m_string_utils.len local match = m_string_utils.match local safe_require = require("Module:utilities").safe_require local u = m_string_utils.char

local m_ltc_predict = require("Module:ltc-pron/predict") local m_cmn_pron = require("Module:cmn-pron") local m_baxter = require("Module:ltc-pron/baxter") local data = mw.loadData("Module:ltc-pron/data")

function export.infer_categories(text) local t = mw.text.split(text, "", true) local initial, final, deng, openness, tone = t[1], t[2], t[3], t[4], t[6] if match(text, "-") then deng = mw.text.split(text, "-")[2] .. deng end if tone == "入" then final = data.fin_conv[final] or final end local initial_type = data.init_type[initial] local tone_label = data.tone_symbol[tone] local final_type if match(final, data.final_type_1) then final_type = data.fin_type_open[final..openness] elseif match(final, data.final_type_2) then final_type = data.final_deng[final..deng] elseif match(final, data.final_type_3) then final_type = data.fin_type_deng_open[final..deng..openness] elseif match(final, data.final_type_4) then if deng == "重鈕三" then final_type = data.final_openness[final..openness] else final_type = data.final_deng[final..deng] end

elseif match(final, data.final_type_5) then final_type = data.fin_type[final] else return error("Final not recognised.") end return initial_type, final_type, tone_label end

local function zh_fmt(text) return ' ' .. text .. ' ' end

local function ltc_table(titlechar, text, indiv_num, count) local people = { "Zhengzhang", "Pan", "Shao", "Pulleyblank", "Li", "Wang", "Karlgren" } local pronunciation = {} local t = mw.text.split(text, "", true) local initial, final, deng, openness, she, tone, fanqieA, fanqieB = t[1], t[2], t[3], t[4], t[5], t[6], t[7], t[8] if tone == "入" then final = data.fin_conv[final] or final end local initial_type, final_type, tone_label = export.infer_categories(text)

for ind, person in ipairs(people) do table.insert(pronunciation, ' /' ..			data.initialConv[person][initial_type] .. data.finalConv[person][final_type] .. "" .. tone_label .. "" .. "/ ") end local baxter = ' ' .. m_baxter.baxter(initial_type, final_type, tone_label) .. " "	return { nil, ..zh_fmt(titlechar).., indiv_num .. "/" .. count, zh_fmt(""..initial.."") .. " (" .. initial_type .. ")", zh_fmt(""..final.."") .. " (" .. final_type .. ")", data.tonality[tone], data.open_closed[openness], data.division[deng], fanqieB and zh_fmt(gsub(fanqieA .. fanqieB, "(.)", "%1") .. "切") or "", baxter, nil, pronunciation[1], pronunciation[2], pronunciation[3], pronunciation[4], pronunciation[5], pronunciation[6], pronunciation[7], m_cmn_pron.py_number_to_mark(m_ltc_predict.predict_cmn(initial_type, final_type, data.tone_number[tone])), m_ltc_predict.predict_yue(initial_type, final_type, data.tone_number[tone]), } end

function export.ipa(index_text, preview) local titlechar = mw.title.getCurrentTitle.text local reading_index = mw.text.split(index_text, ",") local ltc_indiv_pronunciation = {} local output_text = {} local fields = { "Rime", " Character ", " Reading # ", " Initial (" .. zh_fmt("聲") .. ")", " Final (" .. zh_fmt("韻") .. ")", " Tone (" .. zh_fmt("調") .. ")", " Openness (" .. zh_fmt("開合") .. ")", " Division (" .. zh_fmt("等") .. ")", " Fanqie ", " Baxter ", "Reconstructions", " Zhengzhang Shangfang ", " Pan Wuyun ", " Shao Rongfen ", " Edwin Pulleyblank ", " Li Rong ", " Wang Li ", " Bernard Karlgren ", " Expected Mandarin Reflex ", " Expected Cantonese Reflex ", }	for i, cp in ipairs { codepoint(titlechar, 1, -1) } do		local ch = u(cp) local data_module = safe_require("Module:zh/data/ltc-pron/" .. ch) if data_module then local reading_number = reading_index[i] or "y" local count = 0 for index, value in ipairs(data_module) do				count = count + 1 end if reading_number == "y" then for ltc_reading_no, position in ipairs(data_module) do					table.insert(ltc_indiv_pronunciation, ltc_table(ch, position, ltc_reading_no, count)) end elseif reading_number == "n" then break else for indiv_number in mw.text.gsplit(reading_number, '%+') do					table.insert(ltc_indiv_pronunciation, ltc_table(ch, data_module[tonumber(indiv_number)], indiv_number, count)) end end end end

if ltc_indiv_pronunciation[1] then local hash, results, value_eff = {}, {} for _, value in ipairs(ltc_indiv_pronunciation) do			table.remove(value, 11) table.remove(value, 1) value_eff = table.concat(value) if (not hash[value_eff]) then hash[value_eff] = true table.insert(value, 1, nil) table.insert(value, 11, nil) results[#results + 1] = value end end local rand = require("Module:string utilities").gsub("mc-" .. value_eff, "[^A-Za-z0-9]", codepoint('%1')) local fmt = { fold = '\n* ' .. 'Middle Chinese: ' .. preview .. ' ▼ \n', header = '{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" id="mw-customcollapsible-mc' .. rand ..				'" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: hidden; display: table;"', lv1 = '\n|-\n! style="background-color:' .. data.colour_1 .. '" colspan=' .. #results+1 .. '|',			lv2 = '\n|-\n! style="background-color:' .. data.colour_2 .. '; width:8em"|', lv3 = '\n| style="background-color:' .. data.colour_3 .. '"|', closing = '\n|}' }		for field_index, field in ipairs(fields) do			if match(field, "small") then local field_set = {} for _, result in ipairs(results) do					table.insert(field_set, result[field_index]) end table.insert(output_text, fmt.lv2 .. field .. fmt.lv3 .. table.concat(field_set, fmt.lv3)) else table.insert(output_text, fmt.lv1 .. field) end end return fmt.fold .. fmt.header .. table.concat(output_text) .. fmt.closing else return "" end end

function export.retrieve_pron(text, reconstruction, index, no_intro) if type(text) == "table" then text = text.args[1] end local underline_format = "MC " local separator = len(text) == 1 and (no_intro and ", ") or ' | '

-- remove link brackets from text, at least -- as 美姫 text = text:gsub("[%[%]]", "") if reconstruction then return underline_format .. reconstruction else local index_set, retrieve_result = {}, {} if index and index ~= "y" then index_set = mw.text.split(index, ",") end for char_index, cp in ipairs { codepoint(text, 1, -1) } do			local char_pronunciation = {} local ch = u(cp) local data_module = safe_require("Module:zh/data/ltc-pron/" .. ch) if data_module then local reading_no = index_set[char_index] or "y" if reading_no == "n" then table.insert(char_pronunciation, "?") elseif reading_no == "y" then local initial, final, tone for _, reading in ipairs(data_module) do						initial, final, tone = export.infer_categories(reading) table.insert(char_pronunciation, m_baxter.baxter(initial, final, tone)) end else for number in mw.text.gsplit(reading_no, "+") do						initial, final, tone = export.infer_categories(data_module[tonumber(number)]) table.insert(char_pronunciation, m_baxter.baxter(initial, final, tone)) end end table.insert(retrieve_result, table.concat(char_pronunciation, separator)) end end return retrieve_result[1] and (no_intro and "" or underline_format) .. table.concat(retrieve_result, " ") or nil end end

function export.link(frame) local args = frame:getParent.args local text, meaning, lit = args[1], args[2] or args['gloss'] or nil, args['lit'] or nil return require("Module:zh/link").link(frame, nil,		{ "*" .. text, tr = export.retrieve_pron(text, args["tr"] or false, args["id"] or false, false),		gloss = meaning, lit = lit }, mw.title.getCurrentTitle.subpageText) end

return export

title: Module:ltc-pron


text:
חטף קמץ

Etymology
From and.

Noun

 * 1) The Hebrew diacritical mark khataf kamats ( ִ ◌ֳ).

title: חטף קמץ


text:
UJT

Related terms

 * , BJT, FET, MOSFET, JFET, QFET, PUT

title: UJT


text: biograafje

title: biograafje


text: UJTs

title: UJTs


text:
Balaklava

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) A former city in Crimea, now part of Sevastopol.

Translations

 * Belarusian: Балакла́ва
 * Bulgarian: Балакла́ва
 * Crimean Tatar: Balıqlava
 * Finnish: Balaklava
 * Italian: Balaclava
 * Ottoman Turkish: بالقلاوه
 * Russian:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: Балакла́ва

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) Balaklava

title: Balaklava


text:
ums Leben kommen

Verb

 * 1)  to lose one's life; to die;

title: ums Leben kommen


text:
boksarikapina

Noun

 * , Boxer Uprising, Yihetuan Movement uprising against foreign powers in China between 1898 and 1900

title: boksarikapina


text: PUTs

title: PUTs


text:
Module talk:nan-pron

Quanzhou pronunciation for Min Nan
At Min Nan has also Quanzhou pronunciation. The automatically produced only has Taipei and Zhangzhou. --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 07:05, 2 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Only Taipei and Zhangzhou pronunciations can be inferred from POJ. Quanzhou pronunciation has tone sandhi rules not inferrable from POJ orthography. I'm not sure. I prefer dropping it to make things simple. Wyang (talk) 07:09, 2 May 2014 (UTC)

 * I agree with you but I wonder if native speakers could add their local pronunciation? Well, it won't be in the same format and it's unsourced, anyway. OK, dropping. --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 07:25, 2 May 2014 (UTC)

Variant pronunciations
Since the interest is here, I would like to point out one inaccuracy in the present module, which is the handling of variant pronunciations. A large part of variation in Min Nan readings is not in-dialect variation, but rather inter-dialectal variation. e.g. 日 (ji̍t/li̍t), 月 (go̍eh/ge̍h), which means the IPA pronunciations for dialects/patois will be incorrect in these cases (i.e. Zhangzhou uses ji̍t and Quanzhou uses li̍t for 日). I had the thought of using additional symbols to represent this, similar to what is done in 日期 (Mandarin), such as "ñit" for 日 which will be interpreted by the module as ji̍t (Zhangzhou) and li̍t (Quanzhou). Some explanation for the interdialectal variations can be found here. I haven't got around to doing this and this has been a problem that's long-standing now. It would be great if you guys are interested and we can try to fix it together. Wyang (talk) 23:47, 24 June 2015 (UTC)

 * I've noticed this problem for a while, so it would be great if we could fix it together. I think we should include Xiamen (Amoy), Zhangzhou, Quanzhou, Taipei and Kaohsiung as the main varieties for Quan-Zhang Min Nan. However, POJ does not have enough coverage of symbols, since it was made based on the Xiamen dialect. The 6th tone unique to Quanzhou can perhaps be represented by ˇ, as suggested by 泉州話. For the vowels POJ does not have, I think we should adapt some of the conventions used in Tâi-lô, which has more coverage in terms of phonemes. For example, 豬 in Quanzhou can be written as tir.

 * I think the proposal of using additional symbols to represent the inter-dialectal differences is a good idea. However, I think it might be a problem for characters that have completely different pronunciations between the dialects. For example, 奶 is pronounced as ni in Xiamen and Taipei, leng in Zhangzhou and Kaohsiung, nee in Zhangzhou and lin in Quanzhou, A solution for this problem can be something like the Mandarin template, where a regional pronunciation can be marked with a note, as done in 老撾. Justinrleung (talk) 05:06, 25 June 2015 (UTC)

 * Justin, thanks for the reply! Would you be able to provide more details on the interdialectal variations? You seem very knowledgeable and resourceful. Ideally we probably would like to have compiled tables listing the dialectal correspondences for the five varieties proposed, in terms of initials, finals, tones and tone sandhi rules. As for the second part, I agree using characters may be the best approach. Wyang (talk) 12:08, 25 June 2015 (UTC)

 * I've compiled tables showing interdialectal variations in Min Nan. They're by no means exhaustive, especially for the finals, but I think there is sufficient information to work with.Justinrleung (talk) 05:14, 30 June 2015 (UTC)

Tone marks for POJ
, which set of rules are we basing poj_format on? Are we using the ? — justin(r)leung { (t...) 06:14, 18 January 2016 (UTC)
 * I believe so. --kc_kennylau (talk) 11:45, 18 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Then we might have to change the code a bit, since for example, the current code forces goán to be góan. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 13:38, 18 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Better now. --kc_kennylau (talk) 14:41, 18 January 2016 (UTC)

華僑
, Some latest changes cause problems for, POJ - "Hoâ-kiâu". --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 04:16, 20 January 2016 (UTC)
 * This was intentional; see the edit summary of . Originally Tailo-influenced technically-incorrect POJ (hoâ instead of hôa) was automatically and silently fixed by the module but not anymore. The error message is pretty self-explanatory. —suzukaze (t・c) 04:20, 20 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Thanks. I hope someone was going to address the pages with module errors. --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 04:23, 20 January 2016 (UTC)

Teochew Pengim
Apparently there's a Pengim that has a vowel "eu" (possibly devised by gaginang.org) and a Pengim that has "e" (潮州話拼音方案)????possibly??
 * says that 汝 is le2,
 * with their chart saying that e=
 * and an audio recording that sounds like ;
 * 潮州話拼音方案 also has e=;
 * but there are websites that say that 汝 is leu2,
 * such as this one (which seems to be associated with gaginang.org)
 * which has this audio recording...

The module currently converts le2 to ( does not appear on either  nor 潮州話拼音方案) and leu2 to. IDK. —suzukaze (t・c) 10:39, 17 February 2016 (UTC)

 * I think we should follow 潮州話拼音方案 (i.e. use ⟨e⟩). Mogher and 潮州音字典 both have ⟨ke3⟩ for 去 and ⟨le3⟩ for 你/汝. However, both these sites have ⟨e⟩ in the recording sounding more like than . In fact, Mogher has the IPA  and some variant of POJ using ⟨eu⟩ corresponding to ⟨e⟩ in 潮州話拼音方案. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 15:13, 18 February 2016 (UTC)

 * At any rate, ê does not coexist with e and eu :/ —suzukaze (t・c) 18:48, 19 February 2016 (UTC)

line 611
Could lua be substituted for lua and table ? —suzukaze (t・c) 00:00, 21 June 2016 (UTC)

 * Thanks! Very clever. It works well. Wyang (talk) 02:28, 21 June 2016 (UTC)

 * Not sure if the edit here caused a bunch of errors. See CAT:E. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 06:56, 21 June 2016 (UTC)

 * Previewing a random assortment of CAT:E pages using previous module revisions suggests that it is not at fault... —suzukaze (t・c) 07:00, 21 June 2016 (UTC)

 * Poking around using lua suggests that errors are being raised because a lua is not found. —suzukaze (t・c) 07:04, 21 June 2016 (UTC)

 * changed the tone sandhi of tone 2 in the Quanzhou dialect: . I'm not sure if this is correct - he may have wanted to change the sandhi value of tone 2 when it is followed by 仔. There is no tone 4, only 4A (-p/t/k) and 4B (-h), although they have the same tonal value in isolation. Wyang (talk) 07:56, 21 June 2016 (UTC)

 * He may have meant 5 -> 6 (which was already correct). Minnan Fangyan Da Cidian uses 2 instead of 5 and 4 instead of 6. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 08:19, 21 June 2016 (UTC)

 * Yeah sorry, I was trying to fix the Quanzhou pronunciation of 姨仔, but it didn't work when I tried fixing it, as I don't understand the coding much. It's ok now though. Thanks to whoever fixed it. --Mar vin kaiser (talk) 10:35, 21 June 2016 (UTC)

 * Bug for 姨仔: fails PSDB, gives "iar", but needs apostrophe "i'ar" Hongthay (talk) 15:20, 21 June 2016 (UTC)

Ideas
First, the recent developments are great! I would like to put on the table: having regional info in a centralized table vs. at the article page...does this make more sense than the current way? The entire MoE regional tables (two big ones) are available. Also, instead of typing 仔, could an alternate code be used with ASCII entities or a modified á? Thanks! Hongthay (talk) 14:47, 21 June 2016 (UTC)

 * More of a question: Are literary readings more or less uniform across regions? Hongthay (talk) 00:18, 24 June 2016 (UTC)

 * I guess they are quite similar, but there are still differences. For example, 丈 is tiōng (Xiamen, Taiwan) / tiāng (Zhangzhou) / tiǒng (Quanzhou). — justin(r)leung { (t...) 09:14, 27 June 2016 (UTC)

Phofsit Daibuun
Should Phofsit Daibuun only be used for Taiwanese (and not for other varieties, especially Quanzhou)? Also, should we show different tone sandhis for the fifth tone? — justin(r)leung { (t...) 00:27, 30 October 2016 (UTC)
 * My experience is with MLT. The sandhi for POJ to MLT conversion is based on southern convention (in line w/ Zhangzhou, I think). I would add it might be nice to directly input the MLT in case the automatic conversion is not right...there are writing exceptions as well. Thank you Hongthay (talk) 04:01, 30 October 2016 (UTC)
 * I wouldn't think that it's beneficial to directly input the MLT. It's better if it's done automatically unless MLT/PFDB has many exceptions. Could you point out some exceptions? — justin(r)leung { (t...) 05:47, 30 October 2016 (UTC)
 * , I've noticed many cases where an apostrophe is left in though there is no technical ambiguity with it removed. Kex + oe (計劃) could be keaoe but it's kea'oe. Siong'iong, not siongiong (常用). Heng'ioong, not hengioong (形容). O'of, not oof. Another case is the hyphen is left in (though these are often sum of parts): juxnpviar-kauq (潤餅𩛩), olioong-tee (烏龍茶) Hongthay (talk) 06:12, 30 October 2016 (UTC)
 * There must be rules for apostrophes and hyphens, no? — justin(r)leung { (t...) 06:16, 30 October 2016 (UTC)
 * There may be rules that are followed in most cases but I think there is some discretion involving readability/aesthetics (human factor) as well. Hongthay (talk) 07:32, 30 October 2016 (UTC)

Splitting by location, similar to  ?
, e.g. 潮汕. Wyang (talk) 23:38, 20 January 2017 (UTC)

 * We definitely should. —suzukaze (t・c) 23:43, 20 January 2017 (UTC)

 * Great - we should try to create a page like User:Justinrleung/Interdialectal differences in Quan-Zhang Min Nan to describe the inter-dialectal differences in Teochew. It may be better to move the Teochew code here to a separate module. Wyang (talk) 23:47, 20 January 2017 (UTC)

 * [in case you didn't get the ping] —suzukaze (t・c) 19:37, 2 April 2017 (UTC)

 * I got the ping before. I don't know why I didn't reply then. I found this website, which should be sufficient to create something like we did for Hokkien. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 19:51, 2 April 2017 (UTC)

 * That's a great site! I'm a bit short of time these days - so please feel free to go ahead with the split if anyone is keen. Wyang (talk) 09:25, 3 April 2017 (UTC)

好惡
When creating 好惡 with, it reported an error in the Min Nan pronunciation: Lua error in Module:nan-pron at line 818: Cannot recognise o͘ⁿ. The Min Nan pronunciation defaultly provided was. --Dine2016 (talk) 02:08, 17 August 2017 (UTC)
 * it's not hò͘ⁿ-ok, but hòⁿ-ok (without right dot on o). — justin(r)leung { (t...) 02:10, 17 August 2017 (UTC)

Standard/prestige accent

 * Hi, which variety is most standard/most common or prestige, the one users are most likely to hear (if there is such an accent)? If it is, e.g. Taipei, can it be moved to to the top in the display, please, rather than showing them alphabetically? --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 11:21, 21 May 2019 (UTC)
 * It depends on who you ask. In Mainland China, the Xiamen (Amoy) dialect definitely has the prestige. In Taiwan, the Kaohsiung dialect seems to be the basis for General Taiwanese (通行腔/普通腔/優勢腔). Other dialects have some regional prestige, particularly the Taipei dialect in northern Taiwan and the Tainan dialect in southern Taiwan. We currently aren't showing them alphabetically, but essentially based on the order of the input. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 19:41, 21 May 2019 (UTC)

IPA
I fixed the fake IPA tone numbers to actual IPA. It might be better to do the conversion at [local tone_superscript], though that would still require getting rid of the double digits further up (except for things like '224', where the double digit '22' is used to indicate contour rather than dab'ing tone #2).

For sandhi, rather than using the superscript minus (as a sub for the en dash), it would be more professional to use reversed Chao tone letters. But that would require more tinkering with the code. kwami (talk) 01:40, 21 August 2019 (UTC)

Hi Justin. Could you tell me what needs to be fixed for sandhi? We really shouldn't use regional ad hoc conventions and call them IPA. Once this is fixed up, the IPA template should no longer accept digits or other regional conventions that are unintelligible internationally, so all of these transcriptions will generate errors. kwami (talk) 02:52, 21 August 2019 (UTC)

 * It should be fixed. The only problem is the double digits. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 02:56, 21 August 2019 (UTC)

 * Could you clarify? What's the problem with the double digits? kwami (talk) 02:58, 21 August 2019 (UTC)

 * The problem you mentioned above, that's the only thing that's not fixed. Your edit before didn't use reversed Chao for sandhi; that's why I've reverted your edit. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 03:03, 21 August 2019 (UTC)

 * Thanks for taking care of that, Justin. It looks beautiful. That's a much more elegant coding solution. I got rid of the 'unreleased' diacritic as minor phonetic detail -- if we're not going to bother to indicate that vowel letters are not syllabic, it seemed like overkill, plus it's distracting next to the tone letters, and in some fonts (e.g. Gentium) it displays poorly, with the width of a full letter.
 * There's a similar sandhi-coding issue at Module:cdo-pron, and I'm worried that I may have introduced a sandhi error at Module:cjy-pron (which I mentioned on the talk page) that your solution should avoid (if we then change <¹¹> to <˩> before <¹> to <˩> in the output). I'm not comfortable enough with the coding to want to mess around with anything other than trivial changes,, if I tried to fix it, I might introduce additional bugs that I wouldn't notice. kwami (talk) 03:57, 21 August 2019 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure if all the editors will agree entirely with removing the unreleased diacritic - this should have had more discussion. Different modules have varying degrees of phonetic detail, e.g. Sixian Hakka does have diacritics for non-syllabic vowels. I personally don't think we need so much phonetic detail, but I'm not sure if other editors agree. I'll take a look at the other modules soon. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 06:21, 21 August 2019 (UTC)

 * If you want to revert, I'm not going to quibble. It seems like a distraction to me, and since it's completely predictable -- it would be like adding aspiration to English plosives. But the main reason was that it looks really bad in some popular IPA fonts. kwami (talk) 07:31, 21 August 2019 (UTC)

How many books do you see use ꜖, and how many use "fake IPA"? Wyang (talk) 04:20, 25 August 2019 (UTC)

It's a matter of honesty, Wyang. We try not to misrepresent information. It is also consensus to use IPA on Wiktionary, since this is an international project. If you wish to use a regional alphabet instead, that should be a matter you bring up for discussion, rather than being disruptive and edit-warring over it. Really, it's far easier for each of us to learn the IPA than to have to learn half a dozen different conventions because we're all using something different for our favorite language. kwami (talk) 06:39, 25 August 2019 (UTC)

 * Ha. Sorry I didn't bring this matter up for discussion more than five years ago when I created this module. Sorry I didn't choose the politically correct IPA notations when I was thinking about how to design this module at the time and decided to use the much more common and less confusing number notations. Sorry I was being disruptive when someone just came along and 'fixed' everything. Sorry. Wyang (talk) 06:48, 25 August 2019 (UTC)

 * I think according to the rules I'm not supposed to respond to intentional nonsense, but if you think international standards are 'political correctness', then perhaps you should read up on the IPA and ISO standards before we continue this discussion. Depending on how much of this module you created, you provided a commendable service for Wikt, but you don't own it. As for "less confusing", how is it less confusing to label a tone [13] when you don't even explain if that's a high-falling tone or low-rising? Because it could be either, and several others besides. kwami (talk) 07:33, 25 August 2019 (UTC)

 * As I've told you, tone contours such as [13] are unambiguous in Chinese linguistics. Anyone who has read would be able to recognise this. If you find even this confusing, I doubt you will be able to read much of the material on Chinese linguistics. Wyang (talk) 07:43, 25 August 2019 (UTC)

 * Of course it's unambiguous given the regional conventions that define it. But you don't provide those conventions. Instead you provide a spurious link to the IPA. Also, not everyone comes from your background. You're basically saying that only sinologists should have access to Chinese entries on Wikt, which is ridiculous. This is an international project, and at least attempts to follow international conventions, so as to reach the broadest possible audience. You argue that a well-defined and international standard is "confusing", whereas your regional and quite ambiguous notation is better just because it's more common within that regional convention. I could just as easily argue that American languages should be transcribed in Americanist notation, but that wouldn't help the majority who aren't familiar with it. kwami (talk) 07:49, 25 August 2019 (UTC)

 * Where is "꜖" in the well-defined and international standard? Wyang (talk) 07:51, 25 August 2019 (UTC)
 * As I've said, I'm fine with abandoning sandhi notation and giving the morpheme twice. But that's quite a drastic change just to satisfy IDONTLIKEIT, so you might want consensus. And it's certainly no reason to corrupt all the other supposedly IPA transcriptions, given that only a minority use sandhi notation.
 * Also, the Chao tone letters are intuitive, and if they're unfamiliar they only take a minute to learn. They are inherently easier than arbitrary numbers, which you have to remember to convert between every time you change languages. Let's see, I think '5' is supposed to be a high tone in this language -- oops, no, it's low tone. Damn, just screwed up my transcription. Oh well. Better that than Wiktionary use a rational notation. kwami (talk) 07:54, 25 August 2019 (UTC)

 * It's not about you being fine with abandoning sandhi notation. If you would like to invest your time and energy to rewrite the module to generate phonemic-phonetic IPA simultaneously and abandon sandhi notation, then I respect your sincerity. Not if you just say fine, I'm not keen on the sandhi idea when someone points out that the reverse letters are also non-IPA, and then do no work or even remove the sandhi information. Wyang (talk) 08:02, 25 August 2019 (UTC)

 * Then I'm afraid you're stuck with the extended IPA. That is the international standard, recognized world-round. It's the only such system. If you want to propose a modification, such as using all-rightstem letters (e.g. separated by an en dash, as you do the digits), then that might be a productive discussion. Though, AFAIK, the left-stem letters are what people who use the IPA use for sandhi. But demanding an insular convention because that's what you're personally more familiar with is not a convincing argument for a international project. kwami (talk) 18:47, 25 August 2019 (UTC)

 * Again and again, you are claiming standardness on no basis whatsoever. They are not "extended"; they are "nonstandard". You brought up the option of abandoning sandhi notation to bypass the nonstandardness of symbols, then show no seriousness in helping to achieve that. Now you brought up the 'standard' argument again, despite me requesting you to provide proof for that argument multiple times previously. Are you going to give me any evidence that the symbol "꜖" you used is "international standard, recognized world-round"? Maybe not? Wyang (talk) 08:01, 26 August 2019 (UTC)

Stop tone sandhi in Teochew
I wonder when can this be implemented. For instance, in 暝旰, the first syllable is not supposed to have tone sandhi, at least in Singaporean Teochew (I'm not sure about in China). See (1:23) and  (1:50) for examples. The dog2 (talk) 19:51, 5 January 2021 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure. This case seems to be a neutral tone on the second syllable. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 19:57, 5 January 2021 (UTC)
 * So how do you suggest we deal with this case then? The dog2 (talk) 22:45, 5 January 2021 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure if the romanization actually has a way to deal with neutral tone. Perhaps we could use 0 as the tone, but the module is not ready for this yet. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 22:53, 5 January 2021 (UTC)

Teochew /-n/ coda
We need a solution for representing for 染蠻. —Suzukaze-c (talk) 06:48, 10 March 2021 (UTC)
 * I think it could be written as -nn or -N, but either could be confusing to people who are used to POJ. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 13:03, 10 March 2021 (UTC)
 * I think the main issue here is that the final doesn't exist in standard Teochew, and in fact, one way you can identify a Teochew speaker in China is that they tend to mispronounce the  final in Mandarin as an  final instead. In Pontianak (and Singapore too), Teochew speakers are often able to pronounce  because of influences from Malay and in the case of Singapore, Hokkien. The dog2 (talk) 18:39, 10 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Yeah, that's the issue but it seems that loanwords in Pontianak have changed this "ban" on final, which the romanization cannot accommodate without modification. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 18:55, 10 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Would adopting Tai-lo for both Hokkien (instead of using an odd POJ-TL hybrid) and Teochew (or a TL-like system, both to avord the GZ romanization that I don't really like, and for easier comparison/unity with Hokkien) be too radical? —Suzukaze-c (talk) 22:42, 10 March 2021 (UTC)
 * I don't know. I actually find that the Teochew IPA seems to be inacurate. For instance, the "o" represents and sound in Hokkien (except in Zhao'an, where it is closer to the Teochew vowel), but has shifted to an  sound in Teochew (except in Shanwei, where it still largely follows the Hokkien vowel). And likewise, the "e", which represents more of an  (French é) sound in Hokkien sounds closer to a  (French è) in Teochew. At least that's my observation. Listen to this and you'll know what I'm talking about. The dog2 (talk) 23:37, 10 March 2021 (UTC)
 * That's just notational. I think I've told you that because Teochew doesn't distinguish from, it's not necessary to use  even if it's probably more open. This is also irrelevant to how we decide to romanize.  I would support Tai-lo for Hokkien because it is probably better for dealing with different dialects, but I also see a problem with it since we have POJ entries and not Tai-lo entries. Adopting a Tai-lo-like romanization for Teochew might be good as well, but might require a lot more work (and people need to adjust to it, and we can't just take pronunciations from the Teochew dictionary websites anymore, which might be a good thing). — justin(r)leung { (t...) 01:27, 11 March 2021 (UTC)

Teochew phrases
this module seems cannot deal with Teochew phrases properly (like 青梅竹馬 and 廣泛性發育障礙). --沈澄心✉ 10:03, 8 April 2021 (UTC)

Changtai
I think I support using <o> for /ɔ/ in Changtai, and I think it would be better to use <o͘> for /eu/. This is because the words that are covered seem to indicate that this is how it would be distinguished in other dialects. I don't think we should just go by how things sound to match it to the POJ, but we should rather think about how the distinctions in POJ can be taken advantage of without making too many changes. One possible issue is /ẽu/ vs. /ɔ̃/, but it seems to be distinguishable with <o͘ⁿ> vs. <oⁿ>. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 18:01, 26 January 2022 (UTC)

Changtai (Wuan Town) dialect does not have /o/, /ɔ/, /eu/ opposition, I think it is completely feasible. 幻光尘 (talk) 05:38, 27 January 2022 (UTC)

Hongmaogang
Are you using 高雄市小港區大林蒲閩南話研究 as the source? I'm wondering why you picked Hongmaogang out of all the dialects that are available in the thesis. The focus of the thesis was on Dalinpu, not Hongmaogang. Also, there are some oddities with the tone notation, such as slashes. What are those supposed to indicate? — justin(r)leung { (t...) 09:43, 5 February 2022 (UTC)

 * I'm using 記高雄一個偏泉腔方言－紅毛港閩南語初探. --沈澄心✉ 09:47, 5 February 2022 (UTC)
 * I see. I wonder what the notation with the slashes mean, though. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 09:57, 5 February 2022 (UTC)
 * slash separate different tone values of the same tone category: "(1) 陰平本調是中平調或高平調，是為自由變異，屬無定分音，記為[33/55]. ……(6) 陽上有兩類：中降調[31]與中平調[33]，摻雜交替出現，屬無定分音. 記為[31/33]. (7) 陽去調有兩類：中平調[33]與低降調[11]，摻雜交替出現，亦屬無定分音. 記為[33/11]. " --沈澄心✉ 10:03, 5 February 2022 (UTC)
 * I think the notation isn't quite intuitive. The "free variation" probably shouldn't be shown because it could be confusing. Perhaps we should follow what 高雄市小港區大林蒲閩南話研究 records instead, which is this:
 * T1: 33 > 33; T2: 51 > 33; T3: 11 > 51; T4 (p/t/k): 31 > 55; T4 (h): 31 > 51; T5: 13 > 11; T6: 31 > 11; T7: 11 > 11; T8: 55 > 11. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 10:37, 5 February 2022 (UTC)

Correct variant pronunciations for Penang Hokkien
I noticed that the 庇能 entry uses the wrong vowel letters for both POJ and Tâi-lô (the IPA looks fine). The infobox in the Penang Hokkien Wikipedia article shows the correct POJ and TL vowels: Pī-nɛ́ng and Pī-néeng respectively. I am asking an editor more familiar with this module to add the -ɛng endings as valid for Penang and to correct the correspondences to Tâi-lô. Additionally, e͘ [e + combining do above] is used for ɛ. If no one cares, I can edit myself. Thanks. AjaxSmack (talk) 16:13, 13 March 2022 (UTC)
 * The TL should be corrected. As for POJ, I don't think there's a clear standard for how it should be extended. We have essentially decided to extend it following what TL does. If we decide to change this to follow other norms, such as using the combining dot instead of doubling of <e>, it will probably better to consider other instances where we would need to change this because it's a bigger change. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 22:20, 13 March 2022 (UTC)
 * The ɛ is advocated at Pe̍h-ōe-jī § Regional differences. AjaxSmack (talk) 19:46, 14 March 2022 (UTC)
 * No references are given there. It is used in Douglas' dictionary, which we could follow. I think Catherine Churchman's work usually uses <e͘> IIRC., what do other Penang Hokkien sources that use POJ use to write /ɛ/? — justin(r)leung { (t...) 19:56, 14 March 2022 (UTC)
 * All of your points are well taken. I didn't know about Churchman, but <ɛ> is also used in Tan Siew Imm's much more recent Penang Hokkien-English Dictionary, With an English-Penang Hokkien Glossary (ISBN 9789671369715) which I'll add along with Douglas as a citation to the Wikipedia article (with links there for online perusal).  Tan also says that Luc de Gijzel uses <ɛ> in his Penang Hokkien Dictionary and she mentions Churchman's use of <e͘ >.  The fact that using double letters is very "un-POJ" (double letters look very Tâi-lô and could be seen as a POJ typo [which is what led me here]), that is used for /iŋ/ in POJ and that there are several dead-tree sources using <ɛ> make it a safe choice barring other developments. AjaxSmack (talk) 02:22, 15 March 2022 (UTC)
 * De Gijzel and Churchman both use e͘, and I don't think Tan claims otherwise. Tan and Douglas use ɛ, but they also have other differences from modern POJ, such as Tan using ɵ instead of o͘, and Douglas using ɵ͘ with both a dot and bar. Following Douglas would be very old-fashioned. (Henning Klöter's "Written Taiwanese" includes a summary of the history of POJ, if you're interested.) I would personally prefer e͘ to ɛ, as it's more consistent with o͘, but I don't have a strong preference as long as entries are consistent with each other. The place name "Pī-nɛ́ng/Pī-néng" is phonologically unusual, not just in the vowel's combination with the final consonant, but also with the initial consonant (normally nasal initials only occur with nasal vowels), and it could be considered a loanword (cross-linguistically, loanwords often have unusual phonology). The e͘ vowel is used in many "native" Hokkien words, and not just in Penang. As justin(r)leung mentioned, it's more important to consider the overall orthography, rather than this one word. Freelance Intellectual (talk) 11:09, 15 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Thanks. I agree that "it's more important to consider the overall orthography, rather than this one word". Either <e͘ > or <ɛ> is fine with me (though I marginally prefer <ɛ> because it's comprehensible to readers who know IPA but not the intricacies of POJ and because it's easier to differentiate from unadorned <e>) ; I simply oppose the current situation where unsourced use of a Tâi-lô replacement in POJ is used. AjaxSmack (talk) 15:32, 16 March 2022 (UTC)

Changtai /ŋẽu/
Changtai IPA has /ŋɔ̃⁵³/ for ngó͘, when it should actually have /ŋẽu⁵³/ (e.g. here 午). — 59.21.138.53 18:28, 21 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Module talk:nan-pron


text: Category:Wu phrases

title: Category:Wu phrases


text:
QFET

Related terms

 * , field effect transistor, FET, MOSFET, BJT, UJT, PUT

title: QFET


text: QFETs

title: QFETs


text:
정황

Noun

 * 1) circumstances; conditions

title: 정황


text: Category:sco:Musical instruments

title: Category:sco:Musical instruments


text: Category:sco:Music

title: Category:sco:Music


text: Category:sco:Art

title: Category:sco:Art


text: Category:sco:Sound

title: Category:sco:Sound


text:
bokombali

Etymology
From (compare 🇨🇬).

Noun

 * 1) bamboo lemur any lemur of the genera Hapalemur or
 * 2) eastern lesser bamboo lemur, gray bamboo lemur,  small lemur endemic to Madagascar that feeds mainly on bamboo

title: bokombali


text: Category:lnd:Jewelry

title: Category:lnd:Jewelry


text: Category:lnd:Clothing

title: Category:lnd:Clothing


text:
חטף פתח

Etymology
From and.

Noun

 * 1) The Hebrew diacritical mark khataf patakh ( ִ ◌ֲ).

title: חטף פתח


text: chángjǐnglù

title: chángjǐnglù


text: cǎihóng

title: cǎihóng


text:
חטף סגול

Etymology
From and.

Noun

 * 1) The Hebrew diacritical mark khataf segol ( ִ ◌ֱ).

title: חטף סגול


text: bongaaja

title: bongaaja


text:
змяя

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) snake

title: змяя


text: Category:Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan


text:
boliviantsintsillarotta

Noun

 * , species of chinchilla rat found only in the rocky areas of cloud forests in Bolivia's interior

title: boliviantsintsillarotta


text: Boliviaa

title: Boliviaa


text: Boliviassa

title: Boliviassa


text: Boliviasta

title: Boliviasta


text: Bolivialta

title: Bolivialta


text: Bolivialle

title: Bolivialle


text: Boliviaksi

title: Boliviaksi


text: Boliviana

title: Boliviana


text: Bolivialla

title: Bolivialla


text:
bolševikkivallankumous

Noun

 * , October Revolution, Great October Socialist Revolution seizure of state power by the communists in Russia in 25 October 1917 by the Julian calendar, which corresponds 7 November in the Gregorian calendar

title: bolševikkivallankumous


text: lokakuun

title: lokakuun


text: lokakuusta

title: lokakuusta


text: lokakuuhun

title: lokakuuhun


text: lokakuulta

title: lokakuulta


text: lokakuulle

title: lokakuulle


text: lokakuuksi

title: lokakuuksi


text: lokakuuna

title: lokakuuna


text: lokakuulla

title: lokakuulla


text: lokakuutta

title: lokakuutta


text: bolsevikkivallankumous

title: bolsevikkivallankumous


text: biograafjes

title: biograafjes


text:
fantitelj

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  avenger

title: fantitelj