text:
Citations:pollina

 * 1853, Mohesh Chunder Ghose, ‘Botany’ in appendix B: “Medical College Examination” in General Report on Public Instruction, in the Lower Provinces of the Bengal Presidency, from 1st Oct. 1851 to 30th Sept. 1852, Calcutta: Bengal Military Orphans Press, page cvii:
 * The pollen grains are aggregated into two masses called pollina.
 * 1862 November, W.C.M. (author), “Scientific Intelligence: Botany and Zoology” in The American Journal of Science and Arts, second series, volume XXXIV, № cii, eds. Benjamin Silliman Sr. & Jr. and, page 425:
 * We find in this species and in P. lacera (both common species and flowering at the same time in the latter part of summer), that the nectar appears to be much more plentiful in the spurs of older than of freshly-opened blossoms, most so indeed in flowers which had their pollina removed and their stigma fertilized several days before, and which were becoming effete.
 * ibidem, page 427:
 * Having room for only two or three more brief notes, one of them shall be upon — // — Goodyera. We can only refer our readers to Darwin’s description of G. repens, which is common in all our nothern forests. We confirmed before we read Mr. Darwin’s conjecture (on p. 114) “that the labellum moves farther from the column in mature flowers, in order to allow insects, with the pollina adhering to their heads or probosces, to enter the flowers more freely.” Except that, if we mistake not, it is the column which changes its position, rather than the labellum. All freshly-opened blossoms have the column so directed — a little bowed forwards — that the tip of the disc and of the anther are presented to view as you look into the narrow opening of the flower; and a proboscis or bristle, introduced, and following as it will the curvature of the lip-like or nozzle-shaped apex of the labellum, and passed down to its saccate nectar-bearing base, will inevitably hit the disc, and if detained a moment, will bring the pollinia away when withdrawn. On re-introduction, the pollina will not pass down to the stigma, but lodge on the upper side of the column, from whence they were taken. But on looking into older flowers of the same spike, still fresh and good, and whether their pollina have been extracted or not, the stigma is in full view, the summit of the column (we believe) being now turned somewhat upwards or backwards; and there is now room enough between it and the labellum for the pollinia to pass; indeed now the pollinia will regularly hit the stigma, to which packets of pollen will plentifully adhere.
 * 1864?,, More Letters of Charles Darwin (Complete), letter 663, unnumbered page:
 * I was right in the manner in which the pollen adheres to the hairy back of the bumble-bee, and hence the force of the ejection of the pollina.
 * 1889, American Bee Journal, Dadant & Sons, volume XXV, page 566/3:
 * If the insect now draws its foot forcibly out, it brings with it g, the two pollina (i) attached to it by their retinacula (h).
 * 1899, Knowledge: A Monthly Record of Science XXII, page 150/2:
 * At first the pollinia stand erect, but in the course of thirty seconds or so they spontaneously curve into a horizontal position, and project in front of the bee’s head. If now the insect should enter another orchid the pollina are so placed that they must inevitably be pressed against the viscid surface of the stigma, on […]
 * 1905, Transactions of the of London LII or LX, page xl:
 * Dr. T. A. Chapman suggested that a similar appearance was derived from the pollina of orchids forming a feathery mass on the head, while the President mentioned that the maxillæ and palpi of moths covered in the same way with the pollen of flowers also made the insect look as though it was covered with fungus.
 * 1906,, The Orchids of the North-western Himalaya, J. Cramer (reprint edition), page 112:
 * Pollina 4, cohering in pairs to a single […]
 * ibidem, page 163:
 * Anther erect, 2-celled; pollina 4, united in pairs, sessile on a small gland.
 * 1911, W.H. White (F.R.H.S.), The Book of Orchids, Lane (second edition), page 41:
 * By this process, if a male flower were approached and treated in the same way that these female flowers were treated, the pollina would be detached and would adhere to the bee’s body, and when the female flower in turn was visited it would be fertilised by the stigma, which is near the end of the column, being brushed by the column, through the contractions of body I have described. The larger species, however, invariably adopted a different course. It alighted on the summit of the lip and walked in, as a house fly walks on a ceiling, and in doing so its back invariably touched the top of the column. In this way the pollina would be liberated by the pressure, and would stick to the back of the insect, and when a female flower was entered it would rub against the stigmatic surface, thus effecting fertilisation of the flower.
 * 1952 January,  Bulletin XXI, № 1–6, page 99:
 * The pollen of the Laelia is divided into a group of eight masses, slightly more rotund in shape than in Cattleya, while that of the other genera mentioned above (except Dendrobium which is more closely allied to Cattleya and has four pollinia) is a group of two — each being pear-shaped, and connected by a single strap (stipe) to a little foot-like organ (gland). This last will adhere tenaciously to the instrument that removes it, thereby making it simple and safe to carry the pollina to the stigma.
 * 1953, Lucy May Cranwell, New Zealand Pollen Studies: The Monocotyledons; A Comparative Account, published by for, page 21/2, footnote 8?:
 * Rarely, if ever, found in peats, etc. It is possible, however, that whole pollina might yet be recognised.
 * 1968, Michael K. Morcombe, Australia’s Western Wildflowers, Landfall Press, page 1/2:
 * The Bird Orchid (Pterostylis turfosa), one of the greenhood orchids, traps insect visitors behind spring-hinged door but offers escape along a narrowing tunnel. As it pushes out, each insect must touch and carry away an orchid’s pollina, a parcel that is delivered when next that […]
 * ibidem, page 64/2:
 * […] sight […] a movement, and saw on the white orchid petals this tiny spider whose abdomen of golden yellow mimicked the colour and size and rounded shape of the orchid’s pollina.
 * 1979, R. Bruce Knox, Pollen and Allergy, University Park Press, ISBN 0839102577 (10), ISBN 9780839102571 (13), page 26:
 * […] flower’s labellum is gripped by its claspers, the insect quivered for a moment, then became motionless before freeing itself from the flower with a pair of pollina attached to its abdomen.
 * 1982–90, Denise Diamond, The Complete Book of Flowers, (second edition, 1990; revised edition of Living with the Flowers, 1982), ISBN 1556430795, chapter 1: “Getting to Know the Flowers”, §: ‘Orchid family · Orchidaceae’, page 34:
 * The pollen is called pollina — a waxy, sticky substance that forms small balls.
 * ibidem:
 * The orchid is constructed for efficient pollination. The pollina sticks to the insect’s body, head, or tongue so that when the insect flies away the pollina is pulled from the anthers.
 * 1986,, Garden Design III–IV, page x/2:
 * “His momentum carries him and the dummy up and over, pivoting on the end of a hinged arm” that brings his back “smartly into contact with the orchid’s pollina and stigmatic plate.”
 * 1986, Marga C.M. Werkhoven, Orchideeën van Suriname / Orchids of Suriname, Vaco, page 48:
 * When the pollinator leaves the flower and has removed the pollinaria, the pollina and adhesive disc remain attached to him. The miniscule stipes to which the pollina are attached make hygroscopic movements, so that, after some time they are in such a position that they can be rubbed off on the next flower the insect visits.
 * 1995, T.M. Ramakrishna, S.N. Ramaswamy, and Govindappa D. Arekal, The Asclepiadaceae and Periplocaceae of Karnataka, Prasaranga, page 13:
 * Euasclepiadeae: Pollen waxy or pellucid, gathered in solitary or rarely paired masses (pollinia) in each loculous; the pollina at dehiscence coming in two’s or more, rarely four.
 * 1996, Elizabeth Silverthorne, Legends & Lore of Texas Wildflowers, (third printing, 2002), ISBN 0890967024 (cloth), ISBN 1585442305 (paperback), chapter: “Milkweed”, pages 95–96:
 * Milkweed pollen comes in tiny teardrop masses called pollina. If a needle is inserted in one of the slits in the crown of a milkweed flower and pulled upward, it will have two pollen masses hanging on it, joined by a thread. When an insect straddles the slippery flower, it must struggle to get a foothold, and invariably a leg will slip into the tiny groove where the pollina lie waiting to attach themselves to it by the cross thread when the insect jerks its leg out of the crevice. The next flower presents the same trap, and in the struggle to free its leg, the insect deposits its load of pollen.
 * 2008, Valerie Oxley, Botanical Illustration, The Crowood Press (e-book edition, 2013), ISBN 9781847976611, chapter 2: “Simple Botany of Plants and Flowers”, unnumbered page:
 * In the case of the British bee orchid Ophrys apifera pollen is held in structures called pollina, which are situated at the top of the flower.
 * 2009, Belinda Jane Pellow (author), Murray James Henwood and Roger Charles Carolin (contributors), Flora of the Sydney Region: A Complete Revision, (fifth edition), ISBN 9781920899301, Magnoliophyta families, § 115: Apocynaceae, key to the genera, page 361:
 * Pollen consolidated into sac like pollinia, two pollina per anther; corona present.

title: Citations:pollina


text:
פּונקט

Etymology
Ultimately from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Adverb

 * 1) just, exactly, precisely, promptly, punctually

Noun

 * 1) point, dot
 * 2) period punctation mark
 * 3) point, item

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: פּונקט


text:
una botta e via

Noun

 * 1)  one-night stand, pump and dump, hit it and quit it, fuck and chuck, smash and dash, wham, bam, thank you ma'am, ridden hard and put away wet

title: una botta e via


text:
selsyn

Etymology
Short for self-synchronizing.

Noun

 * 1)  A synchro whose currents are used directly to drive a receiver synchro that rotates in unison with the synchro transmitter.

Translations

 * Russian:

title: selsyn


text: selsyns

title: selsyns


text:
prěcny

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) transverse, crosswise

title: prěcny


text:
triphased

Adjective

 * 1) Having three phases; triphase.

title: triphased


text:
transolver

Noun

 * 1) A kind of resolver that combines a two-phase winding with a three-phase one.

title: transolver


text: transolvers

title: transolvers


text: skandalen

title: skandalen


text:
clownophobia

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  The fear of clowns.

Synonyms

 * , coulrophobia

title: clownophobia


text:
ligamentomuscular

Adjective

 * 1) Relating to the ligaments and muscles.

title: ligamentomuscular


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nidwō

Etymology
From Pre-Germanic, derived from.

Noun

 * 1) a sinking, going down, downfall

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nidwō


text: skandalene

title: skandalene


text: skandalar

title: skandalar


text: skandalane

title: skandalane


text:
common as pig tracks

Adjective

 * 1)  Very common or frequently encountered; not at all rare.
 * 2)  Very common or vulgar; not sophisticated.

title: common as pig tracks


text:
Pick body

Noun

 * 1) One of the spherical aggregations, caused by a build-up of tau proteins, found in the neurons in cases of Pick's disease.

title: Pick body


text: Pick bodies

title: Pick bodies


text:
casa a schiera

Noun

 * 1) terraced house, rowhouse

title: casa a schiera


text:
prědk

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) front foremost side of something or the end that faces the direction it normally moves
 * 2)  the front of a traditional Lower Sorbian skirt, which is protected by an apron and can therefore be made of lower-quality material
 * 3)  breast organs on the front of a woman’s chest, which contain the mammary glands

title: prědk


text:
pig's wool

Noun

 * 1) The fur from a pig's ears, used in making flies for fishing, etc.

title: pig's wool


text:
kayas

Noun

 * 1)  hard work

Noun

 * 1) a harvest of corn

Hindi
कयस

Meaning

 * 1) कुटुम्ब का यश वृद्धक
 * 2) कार्य द्वारा यश वृधि

Noun

 * 1) cliff; precipice

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a reddish white color, pink

Adjective

 * 1) having reddish white color, having pink color

title: kayas


text:
Schandmaul

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a malicious mouth / tongue, one that utters scandalous talk
 * 2)  a malicious, badmouthing character, a snot
 * 1)  a malicious, badmouthing character, a snot
 * 1)  a malicious, badmouthing character, a snot

title: Schandmaul


text:
フォーティーン

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  fourteen

title: フォーティーン


text:
pig in the python

Etymology
Coined by.

Noun

 * 1) The baby boom after World War II.

title: pig in the python


text:
physiognomonics

Noun

 * 1) The study of physiognomy.

title: physiognomonics


text:
intralogistics

Noun

 * 1)  The management and optimization of internal production and distribution processes.

Translations

 * French:
 * Polish: intrologistyka

title: intralogistics


text:
tamboo

Etymology 1
From,.

Noun

 * 1)  A temporary shelter used by soldiers during the First World War.

title: tamboo


text: tamboos

title: tamboos


text:
Schandblatt

Noun

 * 1) a badmouthing newspaper, a tabloid

title: Schandblatt


text: Zeigarnik effects

title: Zeigarnik effects


text:
даб

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) oak

title: даб


text:
вртипоп

Noun

 * 1)  camomile

title: вртипоп


text: Engr

title: Engr


text:
камилица

Noun

 * 1) camomile

title: камилица


text: American Samoans

title: American Samoans


text:
вртелешка

Noun

 * 1) merry-go-round, carousel
 * 2) pinwheel
 * 3) spinning top, pegtop, top
 * 4) turncoat
 * 1) turncoat

title: вртелешка


text:
Beninois

Adjective

 * 1) Beninese

Noun

 * 1) A Beninese person.

title: Beninois


text: Herzegovinians

title: Herzegovinians


text:
глуварче

Noun

 * 1) dandelion

title: глуварче


text:
сончоглед

Noun

 * 1) sunflower

title: сончоглед


text:
лале

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) tulip

Noun

 * 1) tulip

title: лале


text: Hongkonger

title: Hongkonger


text: Hongkongers

title: Hongkongers


text:
Kyrgyzstani

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to Kyrgyzstan.

Noun

 * 1) A native or inhabitant of Kyrgyzstan.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: Kirgisiër, Kirgistani, Kirgistanner
 * Asturian: ,
 * Dutch: ,
 * Kazakh: қырғызстандық
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Polish:, , Kirgistańczyk, Kirgistanka
 * Russian:, кыргызста́нка
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: Kırgızistanlı
 * Ukrainian: киргизстанець
 * Uzbek: qirgʻizistonlik

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to Kyrgyzstan, its people and culture

Translations

 * Afrikaans: Kirgistans,
 * Dutch:
 * Kazakh: қырғызстандық
 * Russian:
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian: киргизста́нський

title: Kyrgyzstani


text:
китка

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  bouquet
 * 2) sheaf, bundle of plants
 * 3) lone group of plants or trees
 * 4) crown of a tree
 * 5)  flower
 * 6)  anthology collection of songs or poems

Noun

 * 1) wrist

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) bouquet
 * 2) bundle, sheaf, bundle of plants (e.g. flowers, herbs, spices)
 * 3) lacing
 * 4) palm
 * 5) grove, small wood
 * 6)  anthology
 * 7)  flower
 * 8)  measles (childhood infectious disease)

title: китка


text: Kyrgyzstanis

title: Kyrgyzstanis


text:
Marianan

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to the Northern Mariana Islands.

Noun

 * 1) A native or inhabitant of the Northern Mariana Islands.

title: Marianan


text: Marianans

title: Marianans


text:
подрачје

Noun

 * 1) region
 * 2) field (figurative, e.g. of science)

title: подрачје


text:
Ulithian

Pronunciation

 * , sometimes

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to the Ulithi atoll in the Caroline Islands.

Noun

 * 1) A native or inhabitant of Ulithi.

Proper noun

 * 1) A language spoken on Ulithi and neighbouring islands.

title: Ulithian


text: Ulithians

title: Ulithians


text: boricuas

title: boricuas


text:
стебло

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) stem, stalk, trunk

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1)  handle, grip
 * 2) rod, pivot
 * 3) stalk, trunk (part of the stalk left in the ground after cutting)

Etymology
, from, from.

Noun

 * 1)  stem, stalk, haulm
 * 2) shaft, shank, stale
 * 1) shaft, shank, stale

title: стебло


text:
górka

Noun

 * 1) hill
 * 1) hill

Etymology 2
Probably via from.

Noun

 * 1) cucumber

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) ; hillock

title: górka


text:
Sahraoui

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) Sahrawi

title: Sahraoui


text: Sahraouis

title: Sahraouis


text: Saharawis

title: Saharawis


text:
minute steak

Etymology
So called because it can be cooked quickly.

Noun

 * 1) cube steak

title: minute steak


text: gorka

title: gorka


text:
гранка

Noun

 * 1) branch

Noun

 * 1)  proof, galley proof, slip
 * 2)  galley

title: гранка


text:
цвеќе

Noun

 * 1) flower

title: цвеќе


text: górce

title: górce


text:
залак

Noun

 * 1) morsel, bite

title: залак


text:
ужина

Noun

 * 1) snack

Etymology
, compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) snack light meal served in the afternoon

title: ужина


text:
доручек

Noun

 * 1)  breakfast

title: доручек


text:
појадок

Noun

 * 1) breakfast

title: појадок


text:
саќе

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) honeycomb

title: саќе


text:
ручек

Noun

 * 1)  lunch
 * 2)  brunch

Noun

 * 1) lunch

title: ручек


text:
domandâ

Etymology
From, present active infinitive of. Cf. Italian, Ladin , Romansh , Venetian.

Verb

 * 1)  to ask
 * 2)  to demand

title: domandâ


text:
Talk:pollina

An (erroneous) English use of *pollina
Here is a not-particularly-quotable use of the English ; in that source, it appears to be a typo for. Also see the citations under Citations:pollina. — I.S.M.E.T.A. 19:52, 18 June 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:pollina


text:
Kinderschänder

Noun

 * 1) child molester, child abuser one who performs sexual acts on a minor

title: Kinderschänder


text:
печиво

Etymology
, parsable as.

Standardly, the stress is on the first or last syllable, however, some dialects also reflect печи́во.

Noun

 * 1) baked good
 * 2) form for baking
 * 1) form for baking

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) pastry

Etymology
From. Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1) pastry baked good
 * 2) biscuit, cookie
 * 3)  roast meat
 * 4) batch the quantity of bread or other baked goods baked at one time
 * 5)  baking
 * 1)  baking

title: печиво


text:
прашок за печиво

Noun

 * 1) baking powder

title: прашок за печиво


text:
Kinderschänderin

Noun

 * 1) female Kinderschänder

title: Kinderschänderin


text:
прашок

Noun

 * 1) powder

title: прашок


text: бомбона

title: бомбона


text:
sirenic

Adjective

 * 1) Resembling or relating to a mythical siren.

title: sirenic


text:
миризба

Noun

 * 1) smell, scent

title: миризба


text:
смрдеа

Etymology
From earlier, from.

Noun

 * 1) stench

title: смрдеа


text:
реа

Noun

 * 1) stench, smell

title: реа


text:
говорна мана

Noun

 * 1) speech impediment

title: говорна мана


text:
говорна маана

Noun

 * 1) speech impediment

title: говорна маана


text:
маана

Noun

 * 1) flaw, fault

title: маана


text:
лажица

Etymology
, from +.

Noun

 * 1) spoon
 * 2) shoehorn

title: лажица


text:
супена лажица

Noun

 * 1) tablespoon
 * 2) soupspoon

title: супена лажица


text:
кафена лажица

Noun

 * 1) teaspoon

title: кафена лажица


text:
чинија

Etymology
, from, from.

Noun

 * 1) plate (dish)
 * 2) bowl

title: чинија


text:
unsedate

Adjective

 * 1) Not sedate.

title: unsedate


text:
лонец

Etymology
(South Slavic).

Noun

 * 1) saucepan
 * 2) large pot

Etymology
(South Slavic).

Noun

 * 1) pot, saucepan

title: лонец


text:
ѓезве

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) coffee pot

title: ѓезве


text:
шолја

Noun

 * 1) cup
 * 2) toilet bowl

title: шолја


text:
ногарка

Noun

 * 1) leg, foot (of furniture, pieces of equipment, etc.)

title: ногарка


text:
жезол

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) staff, scepter
 * 2) crosier, crozier

title: жезол


text: kónju

title: kónju


text:
боздоган

Etymology
. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, etc.

Noun

 * 1) mace (spiked weapon)

title: боздоган


text:
мајчина душичка

Noun

 * 1) wild thyme

title: мајчина душичка


text:
рузмарин

Noun

 * 1) rosemary (, syn. )

Noun

 * 1) rosemary (, syn. )

title: рузмарин


text:
колбас

Etymology
, ultimately from. Masculine gender influenced by inherited dialectal (from 🇨🇬).

Noun

 * 1) cured sausage, salami

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) sausage
 * 2)  penis

Synonyms
See.

title: колбас


text:
острица

Etymology 1
. Equivalent to.

Noun

 * 1)  sedge graminoid flowering plant from family, known for its sharp leaves
 * 2)  true sedge of genus Carex
 * 1)  true sedge of genus Carex

Etymology 2
, probably a calque of the scientific name for the family. Morphologically equivalent to Etymology 1.

Noun

 * 1)  pinworm parasitic roundworm of genus or more generally of family
 * 2)  enterobiasis disease caused by infection with pinworms

Etymology 3
Similar to the other etymologies, apparently in reference to the spiky frame of the fish (which is also reflected in the other names for the species).

Noun

 * 1)   common perch freshwater fish of genus

Noun

 * 1) blade

Noun

 * 1) pinworm

title: острица


text:
перек

Noun

 * 1) pretzel

title: перек


text:
ѓеврек

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) bagel (usually with sesame seeds)

title: ѓеврек


text:
сусам

Noun

 * 1) sesame

title: сусам


text:
жалфија

Noun

 * 1) sage (plant)

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) sage plant

title: жалфија


text:
магдонос

Etymology
, from ; ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1) parsley

title: магдонос


text:
оригано

Noun

 * 1) oregano

title: оригано


text:
мармалад

Noun

 * 1) marmelade

title: мармалад


text:
сирење

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) white cheese

title: сирење


text:
изварка

Noun

 * 1) a type of curd cheese

title: изварка


text:
урда

Etymology
Akin to 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) a type of curd cheese
 * 2)  smegma

title: урда


text:
чајанка

Noun

 * 1) tea party

title: чајанка


text:
smokkr

Etymology
Related to and cognate to, which see for some more information.

Noun

 * 1) a smock, an apron-like overdress, a hangerock

title: smokkr


text:
повраќаница

Noun

 * 1) vomit, puke

title: повраќаница


text:
edetang

Noun

 * 1) star

title: edetang


text:
wono

Verb

 * 1) be

Etymology
From.

Pronoun

 * 1) it

title: wono


text:
bozophobia

Etymology
 (a famous American clown character) +

Noun

 * 1)  The fear of clowns.
 * 2) * 1995, Maximum Rocknroll, Issue 148, unknown page:
 * I hate clowns, clowns suck, clowns are big, mean scary people, who deserve to get the crap beat out of them like no one else deserves to. (Except maybe mimes) Bozophobia aside, I really like this: it's fast, it's well played,
 * I hate clowns, clowns suck, clowns are big, mean scary people, who deserve to get the crap beat out of them like no one else deserves to. (Except maybe mimes) Bozophobia aside, I really like this: it's fast, it's well played,

title: bozophobia


text:
пченка

Noun

 * 1) corn, maize

title: пченка


text:
јачмен

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) barley

title: јачмен


text:
семка

Noun

 * 1) pit (of a plant)
 * 2) seed

Noun

 * 1) seed (colloq.; especially edible sunflower seed)

title: семка


text:
предјадење

Noun

 * 1) appetizer

title: предјадење


text:
здравица

Noun

 * 1) toast (celebratory)

Noun

 * 1) toast salutation while drinking alcohol

title: здравица


text:
замрзнувач

Noun

 * 1) freezer

title: замрзнувач


text:
мразулец

Noun

 * 1) icicle

title: мразулец


text:
Module:category tree/poscatboiler/data/rhymes

local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} local handlers = {} local raw_handlers = {}

- --                                                                        -- --                                  LABELS                                 -- --                                                                        -- -

labels["rhymes"] = { description = "List of indexes of words by their rhymes.", umbrella_parents = "Fundamental", parents = , }

labels["refractory rhymes"] = { description = "Lists of words that don't rhyme with other words.", umbrella_parents = "Rhymes subcategories by language", parents = {"rhymes"}, }

- --                                                                        -- --                              RAW CATEGORIES                             -- --                                                                        -- -

raw_categories["Rhymes subcategories by language"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to rhymes.", additional = "", parents = { "Umbrella metacategories", {name = "rhymes", is_label = true, sort = " "}, }, }

raw_categories["Rhymes"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering rhymes by language.", additional = "", parents = { "Umbrella metacategories", {name = "rhymes", is_label = true, sort = " "}, }, }

- --                                                                        -- --                                 HANDLERS                                -- --                                                                        -- -

table.insert(handlers, function(data)	local rhyme_beginning = data.label:match("^rhymes/(.-)%-$")	if rhyme_beginning then		return {			description = (" rhyme indexes beginning with ."):format(rhyme_beginning),			additional = "The entries in this category are not dictionary entries, but rather indexes of terms that rhyme in specific ways.",			parents = {				{name = "rhymes", sort = rhyme_beginning},			},			breadcrumb = {name = (""):format(rhyme_beginning), nocap = true},			umbrella = false,		}	end end)

- --                                                                        -- --                               RAW HANDLERS                              -- --                                                                        -- -

table.insert(raw_handlers, function(data)	local function rhymeTopCategory(lang)		return {			lang = lang:getCode,			description = "Lists of " .. lang:makeCategoryLink .. " words by their rhymes.",			additional = "This is an umbrella category. It contains no dictionary entries, but rather possible rhymes as subcategories.",			parents = {				"",				{name = "Rhymes", sort = langname},			},			breadcrumb = "Rhymes",			toctemplateprefix = "rhymetop"		}	end	local function linkRhymeIfExists(lang, rhyme) -- 		if mw.title.new('Rhymes:' .. lang:getCanonicalName .. "/" .. rhyme).exists then			return " -' .. rhyme .. " "		end		return ' -' .. rhyme .. ' '	end	local function rhymeCategory(lang, rhyme)		return {			lang = lang:getCode,			description = "List of " .. lang:makeCategoryLink .. ' words with the rhyme ' .. linkRhymeIfExists(lang, rhyme) .. '.',			parents = {				{name = "Rhymes:" .. lang:getCanonicalName, sort = rhyme},			},			breadcrumb = ' -' .. rhyme .. ' ',			displaytitle = 'Rhymes:' .. lang:getCanonicalName .. '/ ' .. rhyme .. ' '		}	end	local function rhymeSyllableCountCategory(lang, rhyme, syllableCount)		return {			lang = lang:getCode,			description = "List of " .. syllableCount .. "-syllable " .. lang:makeCategoryLink .. ' words with the rhyme ' .. linkRhymeIfExists(lang, rhyme) .. '.',			parents = {				{name = "Rhymes:" .. lang:getCanonicalName .. "/" .. rhyme, sort = syllableCount}, },			breadcrumb = tostring(syllableCount) .. " syllables", displaytitle = 'Rhymes:' .. lang:getCanonicalName .. '/ ' .. rhyme .. ' /' .. tostring(syllableCount) .. " syllable" .. (syllableCount > 1 and "s" or "") }	end local langname = data.category:match("^Rhymes:([^/]+)") if langname then local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCanonicalName(langname) if lang then local tokens = mw.text.split(data.category, "/") if #tokens > 1 then local rhyme = tokens[2] if #tokens == 3 then -- rhyme + syllable count category local syllables = nil if tokens[3] == "1 syllable" then syllables = 1 else local syllablesregex = tokens[3]:match("(%d+) syllables") if syllablesregex then syllables = tonumber(syllablesregex) if syllables < 2 then syllables = nil end end end if syllables then return rhymeSyllableCountCategory(lang, rhyme, syllables) end elseif #tokens == 2 then -- rhyme category return rhymeCategory(lang, rhyme) end else -- rhyme language top category return rhymeTopCategory(lang) end end end end)

return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, HANDLERS = handlers, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers}


text:
Treacher Collins syndrome

Etymology
Named after, who described it.

Noun

 * 1) A rare autosomal-dominant congenital disorder characterized by craniofacial deformities.

title: Treacher Collins syndrome


text:
Nager syndrome

Noun

 * 1) Nager acrofacial dysostosis

title: Nager syndrome


text:
User:Dan Polansky/Slovak-Czech dissimilar terms

This list contains Slovak terms for which the Czech translation is morphologically dissimilar. For example, vidieť is not listed, since Czech vidět is similar enough. Similarly, I consider hodváb close enough to hedvábí, but this seems more of a borderline case. The list is of interest, since it is fairly selective: there are very many Slovak-Czech pairs that are morphologically similar.

 * bielizeň – prádlo
 * bocian – čáp
 * bodkočiarka – středník
 * bozk – polibek
 * bozkať – líbat
 * bosorák – čaroděj
 * bravčové – vepřové
 * cencúľ – rampouch
 * cintorín – hřbitov
 * cvikla – červená řepa
 * černica – ostružina
 * či – zda
 * čučoriedka – borůvka
 * čudný – divný
 * čudovať sa – divit se
 * dĺžeň – čárka
 * dvojbodka – dvojtečka
 * električka – tramvaj
 * fajčiť – kouřit
 * hoci – ačkoliv
 * hrianka – topinka
 * chalan – kluk
 * klinec – hřebík
 * konár – větev
 * korenie – pepř
 * korytnačka – želva
 * kŕdeľ – hejno
 * lopta – míč
 * mačka – kočka
 * mäkčeň – háček
 * murár - zedník
 * naozaj – opravdu
 * nehnuteľnosť - nemovitost
 * nohavice – kalhoty
 * oblička – ledvina
 * ohúriť – ohromit
 * olovrant – svačina
 * ozajstný – skutečný, opravdový
 * paradajka – rajče
 * počúvať – poslouchat
 * ponuka – nabídka
 * raňajky – snídaně
 * rasca – kmín
 * raž – žito
 * robota – práce
 * robotník – dělník
 * rozprávka – pohádka
 * rumanček – heřmánek
 * smäd – žízeň
 * sobáš – svatba
 * spraviť – udělat
 * správať sa – chovat se
 * sprostý – hloupý
 * svokor – tchán
 * ťava – velbloud
 * tehla - cihla
 * topánky – boty
 * úžera – lichva
 * úžerník – lichvář
 * vankúš – polštář
 * vidiek – venkov
 * vodič – řidič
 * vravieť – říct
 * vyzerať – vypadat
 * žeriav – jeřáb
 * žubrienka – pulec

Links

 * Slovenčina a čeština (Synchrónne porovnanie s cvičeniami) by Miloslava Sokolová, Květoslava Musilová and Daniela Slančová

cs:Příloha:Rozdílné lexémy v češtině a slovenštině


text: Äugelchen

title: Äugelchen


text:
Module:category tree/poscatboiler/data/terms by lexical property

local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} local handlers = {}

- --                                                                        -- --                                  LABELS                                 -- --                                                                        -- -

labels["terms by lexical property"] = { description = " terms categorized by properties relating to spelling, pronunciation or meaning.", umbrella_parents = "Fundamental", parents = , }

labels["autohyponyms"] = { description = " terms that have at least two meanings, one of which is a hyponym of the other.", parents = {"terms by lexical property"}, }

labels["character counts"] = { description = " terms categorized by their quantities of characters.", parents = {"terms by orthographic property"}, }

labels["contranyms"] = { description = " terms that have two opposite meanings.", parents = {"terms by lexical property"}, }

labels["double negatives"] = { description = " terms which include a double negative, either etymologically or in a definition.", parents = {"terms by lexical property"}, }

labels["heteronyms"] = { description = " terms that have different meanings depending on their etymology and/or on how they are pronounced.", parents = {"terms by lexical property"}, }

labels["nuqtaless forms"] = { description = " terms that are spelled without a nuqta.", parents = {"terms by orthographic property"}, }

labels["palindromes"] = { description = " terms whose characters are read equally both from left to right and vice versa, normally ignoring spaces, diacritics and punctuation.", parents = {"terms by their sequences of characters"}, }

labels["pleonastic compounds"] = { description = " compound terms where the head is a hyponym of its other part and whose other part is its synonym.", parents = {"terms by lexical property", "compound terms"}, }

labels["pleonastic compound adjectives"] = { description = " compound adjectives where the head is a hyponym of its other part and whose other part is its synonym.", parents = {"pleonastic compounds", "compound adjectives"}, }

labels["pleonastic compound nouns"] = { description = " compound nouns where the head is a hyponym of its other part and where the head is the synonym for the whole.", parents = {"pleonastic compounds", "compound nouns"}, }

labels["pronunciation spellings"] = { description = " terms spelled to represent a pronunciation, often a nonstandard one.", parents = {"terms by orthographic property"}, }

labels["tautophrases"] = { description = " phrases that repeat the same idea or concept using the same words.", parents = {"terms by lexical property"}, }

labels["terms by orthographic property"] = { description = " terms categorized by properties relating to orthography or spelling.", parents = {"terms by lexical property"}, }

labels["calculator words"] = { description = " terms that can be spelled on a seven-segment display, as found on pocket calculators, by turning numbers upside-down.", parents = {"terms by orthographic property"}, }

labels["words by number of syllables"] = { description = " words categorized by number of syllables.", parents = {"terms by phonemic property"}, }

labels["terms by their individual characters"] = { description = " terms categorized by whether they include certain individual characters.", parents = {"terms by orthographic property"}, }

labels["terms by their sequences of characters"] = { description = " terms categorized by whether they include certain sequences of characters.", parents = {"terms by orthographic property"}, }

labels["terms with consecutive instances of the same letter"] = { description = " words categorized by the number of consecutive instances of the same letter they contain.", parents = {"terms by orthographic property"}, }

labels["terms containing italics"] = { description = " terms containing italics.", parents = {"terms by orthographic property"}, }

labels["terms containing Roman numerals"] = { description = " terms containing Roman numerals.", parents = {"terms by orthographic property"}, }

labels["terms with mixed convergence"] = { description = " terms where the spelling represents a variant pronunciation that differs from (one of) the current standard pronunciation(s).", parents = {"terms by orthographic property", "terms by phonemic property"}, }

labels["terms with homophones"] = { description = " terms that have one or more homophones: other terms that are pronounced in the same way but spelled differently.", parents = {"terms by lexical property"}, }

labels["terms where the adjective follows the noun"] = { description = " terms where the adjective follows the noun. These adjectives within these terms are sometimes referred to as postpositive or postnominal adjectives.", parents = {"terms by orthographic property"}, }

labels["terms written in foreign scripts"] = { description = " terms that are written in a different, non-native script.", parents = {"terms by orthographic property"}, }

labels["terms written in multiple scripts"] = { description = " terms that are written using more than one script.", parents = {"terms by orthographic property"}, }

labels["one-letter words"] = { description = " individual words consisting of exactly one letter. They have meaning(s) other than their letter or the shape of their letter which are not abbreviations, names, numbers or symbols.", parents = {name = "character counts", sort = "1"}, }

labels["two-letter words"] = { description = " individual words composed of exactly two letters. They have meaning(s) beyond their component letters that are neither names nor abbreviations.", parents = {name = "character counts", sort = "2"}, }

labels["three-letter words"] = { description = " individual words composed of exactly three letters. They have meaning(s) beyond their component letters that are neither names nor abbreviations.", parents = {name = "character counts", sort = "3"}, }

labels["two-letter abbreviations"] = { description = " abbreviations composed of exactly two letters.", parents = {name = "character counts", sort = "2"}, }

labels["three-letter abbreviations"] = { description = " abbreviations composed of exactly three letters.", parents = {name = "character counts", sort = "3"}, }

labels["four-letter abbreviations"] = { description = " abbreviations composed of exactly four letters.", parents = {name = "character counts", sort = "4"}, }

labels["five-letter abbreviations"] = { description = " abbreviations composed of exactly five letters.", parents = {name = "character counts", sort = "5"}, }

labels["terms by phonemic property"] = { description = " terms categorized by properties relating to pronunciation and phonemics.", parents = {"terms by lexical property"}, }

-- Add 'umbrella_parents' key if not already present. for key, data in pairs(labels) do	if not data.umbrella_parents then data.umbrella_parents = "Terms by lexical property subcategories by language" end end

- --                                                                        -- --                              RAW CATEGORIES                             -- --                                                                        -- -

raw_categories["Terms by lexical property subcategories by language"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to terms categorized by their lexical properties, such as palindromes and number of letters or syllables in a word.", additional = "", parents = { "Umbrella metacategories", {name = "terms by lexical property", is_label = true, sort = " "}, }, }

raw_categories["Words by number of syllables subcategories by language"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to words categorized by their number of syllables.", additional = "", parents = { "Umbrella metacategories", {name = "words by number of syllables", is_label = true, sort = " "}, }, }

raw_categories["Terms with consecutive instances of the same letter subcategories by language"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to terms categorized by the number of consecutive instances of the same letter they contain.", additional = "", parents = { "Umbrella metacategories", {name = "terms with consecutive instances of the same letter", is_label = true, sort = " "}, }, }

- --                                                                        -- --                                 HANDLERS                                -- --                                                                        -- -

table.insert(handlers, function(data)	local number = data.label:match("^([1-9][0-9]*)%-syllable words$")	if number then		return {			description = " words that are pronounced in " .. number .. " syllable" .. (number == "1" and "" or "s") .. ".",			breadcrumb = number,			umbrella_parents = "Words by number of syllables subcategories by language",			parents = ,		}	end end)

table.insert(handlers, function(data)	local number = data.label:match("^terms with ([1-9][0-9]*) consecutive instances of the same letter$")	if number then		return {			description = " terms containing " .. number .. " consecutive instances of the same letter.",			breadcrumb = number,			umbrella_parents = "Terms with consecutive instances of the same letter subcategories by language",			parents = ,		}	end end)

return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, HANDLERS = handlers}


text:
ႁႃႈ

Etymology 1
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Numeral

 * 1)  five

Etymology 2
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) epidemic disease, disease prevailing without any apparent cause, particularly cholera

title: ႁႃႈ


text:
Module:category tree/poscatboiler/data/names

local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} local handlers = {}

- --                                                                        -- --                                  LABELS                                 -- --                                                                        -- -

labels["names"] = { description = " terms that are used to refer to specific individuals or groups. Place names, demonyms and other kinds of names can be found in Category:Names.", umbrella_parents = {name = "terms by semantic function", is_label = true, sort = " "}, parents = {"terms by semantic function", "proper nouns"}, }

labels["augmentatives of female given names"] = { description = " augmentative names given to female individuals.", breadcrumb = "augmentative", parents = {"female given names", "augmentative nouns"}, }

labels["augmentatives of male given names"] = { description = " augmentative names given to male individuals.", breadcrumb = "augmentative", parents = {"male given names", "augmentative nouns"}, }

labels["augmentatives of unisex given names"] = { description = " augmentative names given either to male or to female individuals.", breadcrumb = "augmentative", parents = {"unisex given names", "augmentative nouns"}, }

labels["common-gender surnames"] = { description = " names shared by both male and female family members, in languages that distinguish male and female surnames.", breadcrumb = "common-gender", parents = {"surnames"}, }

labels["diminutives of female given names"] = { description = " diminutive names given to female individuals.", breadcrumb = "diminutives", parents = {"female given names", "diminutive nouns"}, }

labels["diminutives of male given names"] = { description = " diminutive names given to male individuals.", breadcrumb = "diminutives", parents = {"male given names", "diminutive nouns"}, }

labels["diminutives of unisex given names"] = { description = " diminutive names given either to male or to female individuals.", breadcrumb = "diminutives", parents = {"unisex given names", "diminutive nouns"}, }

labels["female given names"] = { description = " names given to female individuals.", breadcrumb = "female", parents = {"given names"}, }

labels["female skin names"] = { description = " skin names given to female individuals.", breadcrumb = "female", parents = {"skin names"}, }

labels["female surnames"] = { description = " names shared by female family members.", breadcrumb = "female", parents = {"surnames"}, }

labels["given names"] = { description = " names given to individuals.", parents = {"names"}, }

labels["male given names"] = { description = " names given to male individuals.", breadcrumb = "male", parents = {"given names"}, }

labels["male skin names"] = { description = " skin names given to male individuals.", breadcrumb = "male", parents = {"skin names"}, }

labels["male surnames"] = { description = " names shared by male family members.", breadcrumb = "male", parents = {"surnames"}, }

labels["matronymics"] = { description = " names indicating a person's mother, grandmother or earlier female ancestor.", parents = {"names"}, }

labels["nomina gentilia"] = { description = "A Roman nomen gentile was the \"family name\" in the convential Roman name.", parents = {"names"}, }

labels["patronymics"] = { description = " names indicating a person's father, grandfather or earlier male ancestor.", parents = {"names"}, }

labels["skin names"] = { description = " terms given at birth that are used to refer to individuals from specific marital classes.", parents = {"proper nouns", "names"}, }

labels["surnames"] = { description = " names shared by family members.", parents = {"names"}, }

labels["unisex given names"] = { description = " names given either to male or to female individuals.", breadcrumb = "unisex", parents = {"given names"}, }

labels["unisex skin names"] = { description = " skin names given either to male or to female individuals.", breadcrumb = "unisex", parents = {"skin names"}, }

labels["exonyms"] = { description = " exonyms, i.e. terms for toponyms whose name in is different from the name in the source language.", parents = {"names"}, }

labels["renderings of foreign personal names"] = { description = " transliterations, respellings or other renderings of foreign personal names.", parents = {"names"}, }

-- Add 'umbrella_parents' key if not already present. for key, data in pairs(labels) do	if not data.umbrella_parents then data.umbrella_parents = "Names subcategories by language" end end

- --                                                                        -- --                              RAW CATEGORIES                             -- --                                                                        -- -

raw_categories["Names subcategories by language"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to names.", additional = "", parents = { "Umbrella metacategories", {name = "names", is_label = true, sort = " "}, }, }

- --                                                                        -- --                                 HANDLERS                                -- --                                                                        -- -

local function source_name_to_source(nametype, source_name) local special_sources if nametype:find("given names") then special_sources = require("Module:table").listToSet { "surnames", "place names", "coinages", "the Bible", "month names" }	elseif nametype:find("surnames") then special_sources = require("Module:table").listToSet { "given names", "place names", "occupations", "patronymics", "matronymics", "common nouns", "nicknames", "ethnonyms" }	else special_sources = {} end if special_sources[source_name] then return source_name else return require("Module:languages").getByCanonicalName(source_name, nil,			"allow etym langs", "allow families") end end

local function get_source_text(source) if type(source) == "table" then return source:getDisplayForm else return source end end

local function get_description(lang, nametype, source) local origintext, addltext if source == "surnames" then origintext = "transferred from surnames" elseif source == "given names" then origintext = "transferred from given names" elseif source == "nicknames" then origintext = "transferred from nicknames" elseif source == "place names" then origintext = "transferred from place names" addltext = " For place names that are also surnames, see " .. (			lang and "Category: " .. nametype .. " from surnames" or			"Category:" .. mw.getContentLanguage:ucfirst(nametype) .. " from surnames by language"		) .. "."	elseif source == "common nouns" then origintext = "transferred from common nouns" elseif source == "month names" then origintext = "transferred from month names" elseif source == "coinages" then origintext = "originating as coinages" addltext = " These are names of artificial origin, names based on fictional characters, combinations of two words or names or backward spellings. Names of uncertain origin can also be placed here if there is a strong suspicion that they are coinages." elseif source == "occupations" then origintext = "originating as occupations" elseif source == "patronymics" then origintext = "originating as patronymics" elseif source == "matronymics" then origintext = "originating as matronymics" elseif source == "ethnonyms" then origintext = "originating as ethnonyms" elseif source == "the Bible" then -- Hack esp. for Hawaiian names. We should consider changing them to		-- have the source as Biblical Hebrew and mention the derivation from -- the Bible some other way. origintext = "originating from the Bible" elseif type(source) == "string" then error("Internal error: Unrecognized string source \"" .. source .. "\", should be special-cased") else origintext = "of " .. source:makeCategoryLink .. " origin" if lang and source:getCode == lang:getCode then addltext = " These are names derived from common nouns, local mythology, etc." end end local introtext if lang then introtext = " " else introtext = "Categories with " end return introtext .. nametype .. " " .. origintext .. ". (This includes names derived at an older stage of the language.)" .. (addltext or "") end

-- If one of the following families occurs in any of the ancestral families -- of a given language, use it instead of the three-letter parent -- (or immediate parent if no three-letter parent). local high_level_families = require("Module:table").listToSet { -- Indo-European "gem", -- Germanic (for gme, gmq, gmw) "inc", -- Indic (for e.g. pra = Prakrit) "ine-ana", -- Anatolian (don't keep going to ine) "ine-toc", -- Tocharian (don't keep going to ine) "ira", -- Iranian (for e.g. xme = Median, xsc = Scythian) "sla", -- Slavic (for zle, zls, zlw) -- Other "ath", -- Athabaskan (for e.g. apa = Apachean) "poz", -- Malayo-Polynesian (for e.g. pqe = Eastern Malayo-Polynesian) "cau-nwc", -- Northwest Caucasian "cau-nec", -- Northeast Caucasian }

local function find_high_level_family(lang) local family = lang:getFamily -- (1) If no family, return nil (e.g. for Pictish). if not family then return nil end -- (2) See if any ancestor family is in `high_level_families`. -- if so, return it. local high_level_family = family while high_level_family do		local high_level_code = high_level_family:getCode if high_level_code == "qfa-not" then -- "not a family"; its own parent, causing an infinite loop. -- Break rather than return so we get categories like -- and -- .			break end if high_level_families[high_level_code] then return high_level_family end high_level_family = high_level_family:getFamily end -- (3) If the family is of the form 'FOO-BAR', see if 'FOO' is a family. -- If so, return it. local basic_family = family:getCode:match("^(.-)%-.*$") if basic_family then basic_family = require("Module:families").getByCode(basic_family) if basic_family then return basic_family end end -- (4) Fall back to just the family itself. return family end

local function match_gendered_nametype(nametype) local gender, label = nametype:match("^(f?e?male) (given names)$") if not gender then gender, label = nametype:match("^(unisex) (given names)$") end if gender then return gender, label end end

local function get_parents(lang, nametype, source) local parents = {}

if lang then table.insert(parents, {name = nametype, sort = get_source_text(source)}) if type(source) == "table" then table.insert(parents, {name = "terms derived from " .. source:getDisplayForm, sort = " "}) -- If the source is a regular language, put it in a parent category for the high-level language family, e.g. for -- "Russian female given names from German", put it in a parent category "Russian female given names from Germanic languages" -- (skipping over West Germanic languages). --			-- If the source is an etymology language, put it in a parent category for the parent full language, e.g. for -- "French male given names from Gascon", put it in a parent category "French male given names from Occitan". --			-- If the source is a family, put it in a parent category for the parent family. if source:hasType("family") then local parent_family = source:getFamily if parent_family and parent_family:getCode ~= "qfa-not" then table.insert(parents, {						name = nametype .. " from " .. parent_family:getDisplayForm,						sort = source:getCanonicalName					}) end elseif source:hasType("etymology-only") then local source_parent = source:getFull if source_parent and source_parent:getCode ~= "und" then table.insert(parents, {						name = nametype .. " from " .. source_parent:getDisplayForm,						sort = source:getCanonicalName					}) end else local high_level_family = find_high_level_family(source) if high_level_family then -- may not exist, e.g. for Pictish table.insert(parents,						{name = nametype .. " from " .. high_level_family:getDisplayForm,						sort = source:getCanonicalName					}) end end end local gender, label = match_gendered_nametype(nametype) if gender then table.insert(parents, {name = label .. " from " .. get_source_text(source), sort = gender}) end else local gender, label = match_gendered_nametype(nametype) if gender then table.insert(parents, {name = label .. " from " .. get_source_text(source), is_label = true, sort = " "}) elseif type(source) == "table" then -- FIXME! This is duplicated in Module:category tree/poscatboiler/data/terms by etymology in the -- handler for umbrella categories 'Terms derived from SOURCE'. local first_umbrella_parent = source:hasType("family") and {name = source:getCategoryName, raw = true, sort = " "} or source:hasType("etymology-only") and {name = "Category:" .. source:getCategoryName, sort = nametype} or				{name = source:getCategoryName, raw = true, sort = nametype} table.insert(parents, first_umbrella_parent) end table.insert(parents, "Names subcategories by language") end return parents end

table.insert(handlers, function(data)	local nametype, source_name = data.label:match("^(.*names) from (.+)$")	if nametype then		local m_table = require("Module:table")		local personal_name_types = m_table.listToSet(require("Module:names").personal_name_types)		if not personal_name_types[nametype] then			return nil		end		local source = source_name_to_source(nametype, source_name)		if not source then			return nil		end		return {			description = get_description(data.lang, nametype, source),			breadcrumb = "from " .. get_source_text(source),			parents = get_parents(data.lang, nametype, source),			umbrella = {				description = get_description(nil, nametype, source),				parents = get_parents(nil, nametype, source),			},		}	end end)

-- Handler for e.g. 'English renderings of Russian male given names'. table.insert(handlers, function(data)	local label = data.label:match("^renderings of (.*)$")	if label then		local personal_name_types = require("Module:names").personal_name_types		for _, nametype in ipairs(personal_name_types) do			local sourcename = label:match("^(.+) " .. nametype .. "$")			if sourcename then				local source = require("Module:languages").getByCanonicalName(sourcename, nil, "allow etym")				if source then					return {						description = "Transliterations, respellings or other renderings of " .. source:makeCategoryLink .. " " .. nametype .. " into .",						lang = data.lang,						breadcrumb = sourcename .. " " .. nametype,						parents = {							{ name = "renderings of foreign personal names", sort = sourcename },							{ name = nametype, lang = source:getCode, sort = "" },						},						umbrella = {							description = "Transliterations, respellings or other renderings of " .. source:makeCategoryLink .. " " .. nametype .. " into various languages.",							parents = ,						},					}				end			end		end	end end)

return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, HANDLERS = handlers}


text:
Module:category tree/poscatboiler/data/phrases

local labels = {} local raw_categories = {}

labels["phrases"] = { description = " groups of words elaborated to express ideas, not necessarily phrases in the grammatical sense.", umbrella_parents = "Lemmas subcategories by language", parents = {"lemmas", "multiword terms"}, }

labels["adverb-adjective phrases"] = { description = " phrases in which an adverb modifies the adjective that heads the phrase.", umbrella_parents = {name = "phrases", is_label = true, sort = " "}, parents = {"phrases"}, }

labels["alliterative phrases"] = { description = " phrases composed of two or more words that alliterate.", umbrella_parents = {name = "phrases", is_label = true, sort = " "}, parents = {"phrases"}, }

labels["rhyming phrases"] = { description = " phrases composed of two or more words that rhyme.", umbrella_parents = {name = "phrases", is_label = true, sort = " "}, parents = {"phrases"}, }

labels["sentences"] = { description = " sentences.", umbrella_parents = "Fundamental", parents = , }

labels["phrasebook"] = { description = " non-idiomatic phrases that are used in common situations, and may be useful to language learners or travellers.", parents = { "phrases", {name = "Phrasebooks by language", raw = true, sort = ""} },	umbrella = false, -- Umbrella has a nonstandard name so we treat it as a raw category }

raw_categories["Phrasebooks by language"] = { description = "Categories with phrasebooks in various specific languages.", additional = "Phrasebook categories contain non-idiomatic phrases that are used in common situations, and may be useful to language learners or travellers.\n\n" .. "See Phrasebook for more information.\n\n", parents = "Fundamental", }

for _, category in ipairs({	{name = "Basic", topics = {}},	{name = "Communication", topics = {"Communication"}},	{name = "Emergencies", topics = {"Emergency medicine"}},	{name = "Ethnicity", topics = {"Ethnicity"}},	{name = "Family", topics = {"Family"}},	{name = "Farewells", topics = {}},	{name = "Festivities", topics = {}},	{name = "Food and drink", topics = {"Food and drink"}},	{name = "Greetings", topics = {}},	{name = "Health", topics = {"Health"}},	{name = "Love", topics = {"Love"}},	{name = "Money", topics = {"Money"}},	{name = "Needs", topics = {}},	{name = "Religion", topics = {"Religion"}},	{name = "Sex", topics = {"Sex"}},	{name = "Time", topics = {"Time"}},	{name = "Travel", topics = {"Travel"}},	{name = "Weather", topics = {"Weather"}}, }) do	local parents = { {name = "phrasebook", sort = category.name}, {name = "Phrasebooks by language/" .. category.name, raw = true, sort = ""}, }	for _, topic in ipairs(category.topics) do		table.insert(parents, {module = "topic cat", args = {code = "", label = topic}, sort = " "}) end labels["phrasebook/" .. category.name] = { description = " common non-idiomatic phrases in the category '" .. category.name .. "'.",		breadcrumb = category.name, parents = parents, umbrella = false, }	raw_categories["Phrasebooks by language/" .. category.name] = { description = "Categories with common non-idiomatic phrases in the category '" .. category.name .. "', in various specific languages.", additional = "", parents = , breadcrumb = category.name, } end

return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories}


text:
Module:category tree/poscatboiler/data/symbols

local labels = {} local raw_categories = {}

- --                                                                        -- --                                  LABELS                                 -- --                                                                        -- -

labels["symbols"] = { description = " written signs.", umbrella_parents = "Fundamental", parents = , }

labels["diacritical marks"] = { description = " glyphs that are added to characters to modify their sounds or meanings.", parents = {"symbols"}, }

labels["Han characters"] = { description = " symbols of the Han logographic script, which can represent sounds or convey meanings directly.", topright = "", parents = {"logograms"}, }

labels["ideograms"] = { description = " symbols that represent objects, ideas or concepts directly.", umbrella_parents = "Fundamental", parents = {"symbols"}, }

labels["iteration marks"] = { description = " glyphs that act as a shorthand for repeated text.", parents = {"abbreviations", "symbols"}, }

labels["letters"] = { description = " symbols that represent single sounds. Variations of letters, such as letters with diacritics, should also be categorized here.", parents = {"symbols"}, }

labels["ligatures"] = { description = " letters that have been combined into a single graphical unit.", parents = {"symbols"}, }

labels["logograms"] = { description = " symbols that represent single words or morphemes.", parents = {"symbols"}, }

labels["matched pairs"] = { description = " pairs of separate characters that are used together. Example: .", parents = {"symbols"}, }

labels["numeral symbols"] = { description = " symbols that represent numerals.", parents = {"symbols"}, }

labels["punctuation marks"] = { description = " symbols that indicate structure and organization of writing.", parents = {"symbols"}, }

labels["syllables"] = { description = " symbols that represent groups of sounds. Variations of syllables, such as syllables with diacritics, should also be categorized here.", parents = {"symbols"}, }

labels["multigraphs"] = { description = " symbols consisting of multiple letters.", parents = {"symbols"}, }

local function multigraph(name, n)	labels[name] = { description = " symbols consisting of " .. n .. " letters.", parents = {"multigraphs"}, } end

multigraph("digraphs", "two") multigraph("trigraphs", "three") multigraph("tetragraphs", "four") multigraph("pentagraphs", "five") multigraph("hexagraphs", "six") multigraph("heptagraphs", "seven") multigraph("octagraphs", "eight")

-- Add 'umbrella_parents' key if not already present. for key, data in pairs(labels) do	if not data.umbrella_parents then data.umbrella_parents = "Symbols subcategories by language" end end

- --                                                                        -- --                              RAW CATEGORIES                             -- --                                                                        -- -

raw_categories["Symbols subcategories by language"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to symbols.", additional = "", parents = { "Umbrella metacategories", {name = "symbols", is_label = true, sort = " "}, }, }

return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories}


text:
Module:category tree/poscatboiler/data/templates

local labels = {} local raw_categories = {}

- --                                                                        -- --                                  LABELS                                 -- --                                                                        -- -

labels["templates"] = { description = " templates, which contain reusable wiki code that helps with creating and managing entries.", umbrella = { parents = , breadcrumb = "by language", },	parents = , }

labels["auto-table templates"] = { description = "Templates that contain tables generated automatically.", additional = "They use the  prefix. For example, see Template:table:chess pieces/en.", parents = {"templates"}, }

labels["category boilerplate templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate descriptions and categorization for category pages.", parents = {"templates"}, }

labels["definition templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the definition line of entries to help in creating definitions.", parents = {"templates"}, }

labels["entry templates"] = { description = "Templates used to help in the creation of entries.", umbrella_parents = {"Templates subcategories by language", "Entry templates"}, parents = {"templates"}, }

labels["etymology templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the etymology section of entries.", parents = {"templates"}, }

labels["experimental templates"] = { description = "Templates used to test possible content for entries.", parents = {"templates"}, }

labels["form-of templates"] = { description = "Templates used on the definition line of entries for inflected forms of words in, to link back to the main form.", parents = {"templates"}, }

labels["headword-line templates"] = { description = "Templates used to show lines that contain headwords in .", parents = {"templates"}, }

labels["index templates"] = { description = "Templates used to organize indexes.", parents = {"templates"}, }

labels["inflection-table templates"] = { description = "Templates used to show inflection tables for terms.", parents = {"templates"}, }

-- Do particular types of inflection-table templates. for _, pos in ipairs({	"adjective",	"adverb",	"determiner",	"nominal",	"noun",	"numeral",	"participle",	"postposition",	"preposition",	"pronoun",	"verb", }) do labels[pos .. " inflection-table templates"] = { description = "Templates used to show declension tables for " .. pos .. "s.", parents = {"inflection-table templates"}, } end

labels["list templates"] = { description = "Templates that contain lists.", additional = "They use the  prefix. For example, see Template:list:Latin script letters/en.", parents = {"templates"}, }

labels["mutation templates"] = { description = "Templates used to show mutation of words.", parents = {"templates"}, }

labels["pronunciation templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate IPA pronunciation, rhymes, hyphenation, etc. for entries.", umbrella_parents = {"Templates subcategories by language", "Category:Pronunciation templates"}, parents = {"templates"}, }

labels["quotation templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate quotations for entries.", umbrella_parents = {"Templates subcategories by language", "Category:Citation templates"}, parents = {"templates"}, }

labels["reference templates"] = { topright = function(data) if data.lang and data.lang:getCode == "ine-pro" then return "" end end, umbrella = { preceding = "\n", parents = {"Templates subcategories by language", "Category:Reference templates"}, breadcrumb = "by language", },	description = "Templates used to generate reference footnotes for entries.", parents = {"templates"}, }

labels["supplementary templates"] = { description = "Templates used to keep contents for other templates.", parents = {"templates"}, }

labels["usage templates"] = { description = "Templates used to show usage notes in entries.", parents = {"templates"}, }

-- Add 'umbrella_parents' key if not already present. for key, data in pairs(labels) do	if not data.umbrella and not data.umbrella_parents then data.umbrella_parents = "Templates subcategories by language" end -- Add breadcrumb by chopping off the parent from the end of the label, if possible. if #data.parents == 1 and type(data.parents[1]) == "string" then local parent_re = " " .. require("Module:string utilities").pattern_escape(data.parents[1]) .. "$"		if key:find(parent_re) then data.breadcrumb = key:gsub(parent_re, "") end end end

- --                                                                        -- --                              RAW CATEGORIES                             -- --                                                                        -- -

raw_categories["Templates"] = { topright = "", description = "An organizing category intended for all templates in use on Wiktionary.", additional = "See also: Templates, meta:Help:Template", parents = {"Wiktionary"}, }

raw_categories["Administration templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the administration of Wiktionary.", additional = "They are only used outside of mainspace and are distinct from maintenance templates, which are used in maintaining entries.", parents = {"Templates"}, }

raw_categories["Alternative orthography templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate lists of links to alternative script forms for entries, or alternative forms according to different orthographic systems in general.", additional = "Not for templates relating to mere alternative forms within the same orthographic system.", parents = {"Script templates", "Internal link templates"}, }

raw_categories["Archive templates"] = { description = "Templates used on archived or otherwise inactive pages.", parents = {"Administration templates"}, }

raw_categories["Checkuser templates"] = { description = "Templates related to checkuser requests.", parents = {"Administration templates"}, }

raw_categories["Editnotices"] = { description = "Templates used to display notices in edit mode.", parents = {"Administration templates"}, }

raw_categories["Appendix templates"] = { description = "Templates used in appendices or to link to appendices.", parents = {"Templates", "Category:Appendices"}, }

raw_categories["Swadesh list templates"] = { description = "Templates used on pages that contain Swadesh lists.", parents = {"Appendix templates"}, }

raw_categories["Astrology templates"] = { description = "Templates that display astrology-related diagrams or boxes.", parents = {"Templates"}, }

raw_categories["Audio templates"] = { description = "Templates used to play or request audio files.", parents = {"Templates"}, }

raw_categories["Auto-table templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate word tables (like Template:table:seasons).", additional = "See also Category:Auto-table templates by language.", parents = {"Templates"}, }

raw_categories["Box templates"] = { description = "General purpose box templates.", additional = "If you're considering making a template that looks like a box, look here first!", parents = {"Templates"}, }

raw_categories["Categorization templates"] = { preceding = "", description = "Templates used to categorize terms or entries.", additional = "(Category:Category templates, on the other hand, contains templates used in the category namespace.)", parents = {"Templates"}, }

raw_categories["Category templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the category namespace.", additional = "(Category:Categorization templates, on the other hand, contains templates used to categorize pages.)", parents = {"Templates"}, }

raw_categories["Category boilerplate templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate the text of category pages.", parents = {"Category templates"}, }

raw_categories["TOC templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate a list of linked letters to navigate the pages listed in categories.", parents = {"Category templates"}, }

raw_categories["Character info templates"] = { description = "Templates that utilize .", parents = {"Templates"}, }

raw_categories["Character insertion templates"] = { description = "Templates that provide easier ways to type characters that are not found in most keyboard layouts.", parents = {"Templates"}, }

raw_categories["Templates for generating characters used in wiki code"] = { description = "Templates used to generate characters that are reserved for specific wiki code functions and cannot be directly entered.", additional = "An alternative to using these templates is to use an HTML entity such as  " .. "for a left bracket. " .. "Note that the templates below are sorted by the first character of the wikicode that each template generates.", parents = {"Character insertion templates"}, }

raw_categories["Chemistry templates"] = { description = "Templates that display chemistry-related diagrams or boxes.", parents = {"Templates"}, }

raw_categories["Chess templates"] = { description = "Templates that display chess diagrams.", parents = {"Templates"}, }

raw_categories["Citation templates"] = { preceding = "", description = "Templates used to generate citations and quotations.", additional = [=[


text:
como te chamas

Phrase

 * 1) what is your name?

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Phrase

 * 1) what is your name?

title: como te chamas


text:
ääkköstö

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  A set of characters which includes the letters Å, å, Ä, ä, Ö and ö.
 * Minun tietokoneestani puuttuu ääkköstö.
 * My computer is missing the letters Å, Ä and Ö.
 * My computer is missing the Finnish alphabet.

title: ääkköstö


text:
Talk:redistribution of wealth

RFV discussion: December 2013–June 2014
Are there contexts in which this actually means taxation, or is this merely used to characterize/describe taxation as the [[redistribution]] of [[wealth]]? (I was tempted to RFD this but felt RFV was the better forum, since the sense would presumably be idiomatic if real.) - -sche (discuss) 03:36, 17 December 2013 (UTC)
 * Is there any other idiomatic definition is this one fails RFV? It's not clear from the words [[redistribution]] and [[wealth]] that it means using money from taxes and fines (and so on) to give to the poorer in society. Or is that all culture-specific and therefore not part of the definition? Mglovesfun (talk) 16:36, 17 December 2013 (UTC)
 * Not everyone views the term as pejorative, eg, the beneficiaries.
 * Redistribution of wealth can occur in many ways, eg, from the populace as a whole to government officials, as in a kleptocracy, or from commoners to the beneficiaries of . DCDuring TALK 16:46, 17 December 2013 (UTC)
 * Don't forget charities as well. And communist revolutionaries that literally take everyone's possessions and literally redistribute them. --WikiTiki89 16:51, 17 December 2013 (UTC)

 * (e/c) It doesn't actually mean using taxes and fines, it just often implies that. Just like when someone says "The government is taking all my money," it implies taxes, but does not mean that "taking money" means "taxing". --WikiTiki89 16:49, 17 December 2013 (UTC)

I added an economics definition (which I think should be there if we end up keeping this entry). See also. The taxation sense should probably be deleted in any case unless someone can provide indisputable quotes. --Hekaheka (talk) 05:55, 19 December 2013 (UTC)

 * I've deleted the disputed def and expanded the economics def slightly. - -sche (discuss) 01:15, 6 June 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:redistribution of wealth


text:
акцёр

Noun

 * 1) actor

title: акцёр


text:
chamo-me

Etymology
From.

Phrase

 * 1) my name is…

title: chamo-me


text: guvernørposten

title: guvernørposten


text: guvernørposter

title: guvernørposter


text: guvernørposterne

title: guvernørposterne


text: guvernørposts

title: guvernørposts


text: guvernørpostens

title: guvernørpostens


text: guvernørposters

title: guvernørposters


text: guvernørposternes

title: guvernørposternes


text:
Talk:assalamu alaykum

RFV discussion: January–May 2014
Supposedly English. I don't think so. SemperBlotto (talk) 15:33, 29 January 2014 (UTC)
 * It is originally an Arabic word, however, if you see Turkish "Selâmün aleyküm" in Turkish wikipedia and click English on the left menu, you may see As-salamu alaykum form. --2001:A98:C060:80:19B5:B11A:B9AC:BBB1 11:12, 30 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Compare shalom aleichem --2001:A98:C060:80:19B5:B11A:B9AC:BBB1 11:17, 30 January 2014 (UTC)

 * This exists in a grey area. There are plenty of English-language books which use the term in the middle of otherwise English sentences, in a number of forms, sometimes even without italics. It is obviously a representation of Arabic, and one might even consider it a mere transliteration rather than a borrowing. But we have kept English sections for some similar entries, e.g. Talk:ayubowan. - -sche (discuss) 16:45, 30 January 2014 (UTC)

 * If this were an RFD discussion, I would vote keep. But I don't think that assalamu alaykum is the most common spelling. --WikiTiki89 18:10, 30 January 2014 (UTC)

 * I'd call it code-switching, not an English phrase. Equinox ◑ 21:41, 3 February 2014 (UTC)
 * It's not code-switching if it's used by people who don't speak Arabic. --WikiTiki89 22:00, 3 February 2014 (UTC)
 * [[Image:Arrowred.png|15px]] One doesn't need to speak a language fully in order to engage in code-switching. I don't really speak Spanish, yet when I intentionally use a Spanish word like  in an otherwise English discourse, I use it precisely to impart a Spanish sensibility.  Likewise if I use, or , or , or , or ...
 * In this case, assalamu alaykum looks like exactly this kind of code-switching phenomenon -- a foreign term that is used in an English context, but such use is precisely because the term is not English.
 * I would suggest changing this from  to   and mark it as a romanization.
 * (FWIW, I strongly oppose the  characterization of ayubowan, again because the term is used precisely because it isn't English, and conveys that non-English-ness.)
 * ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │ Tala við mig 05:05, 4 February 2014 (UTC)
 * But assalaamu alaykum is not used "precisely because the term is not English" and not to "impart an Arabic sensibility". It is used because it is a traditional Islamic greeting. --WikiTiki89 05:11, 4 February 2014 (UTC)

 * @Eirikr. Not all common words and not from all languages gain currency in another language. Even common terms for "thank you" and "hello" but if they are used in another language, they become part of it, even if the context is limited. --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 05:29, 4 February 2014 (UTC)
 * @Anatoli, Usage of a term in a given language does not automatically make that term a part of that language. There was a similar discussion in April at Requests_for_deletion.  I would happily accede that  is English.  However, I would also argue that  is not English.
 * Similarly, I would accede that or  is English, but that assalamu alaykum is not.
 * @Wikitiki, you seem to have almost made my point for me -- "It is used because it is a traditional Islamic greeting", in that it is an Arabic phrase, and Muslims are expected to know at least some Arabic, and imparts the specific sense that it is an Arabic phrase, and establishes the context of Islam and the Arabic language. ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │ Tala við mig 05:50, 4 February 2014 (UTC)
 * If a word is used in everyday life by English speakers who do not speak Arabic, then it is most certainly an English term. Gracias is not used in every day, but only on occasion for effect. --WikiTiki89 06:03, 4 February 2014 (UTC)

 * assalamu alaikum failed RVF but I would revisit and restore it. assalamu alaykum is an alternative spelling. See Talk:assalamu alaikum and --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 21:51, 3 February 2014 (UTC)
 * For reference, here's an Ngram of all forms that seem to have Ngrams. --WikiTiki89 05:26, 4 February 2014 (UTC)

 * Wikitiki, these Ngrams establish that the term is used in English contexts. However, they do not address the argument of whether or not the term is English.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │ Tala við mig 05:50, 4 February 2014 (UTC)
 * The Ngrams are meant to determine the most common spelling, not to establish usage. --WikiTiki89 06:03, 4 February 2014 (UTC)

 * If no one objects, I'm going to move the page to salaam alaikum. --WikiTiki89 07:18, 4 February 2014 (UTC)
 * I have my suspicions that the ngram count of salaam alaikum is skewed by the fact that it parses "as-salaam alaikum" and "as salaam alaikum" as counting for "salaam alaikum". (Certainly suffers from that.) Is there any reason we should expect the "as-" to be dropped by a lot of English speakers and writers? - -sche (discuss) 18:58, 5 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Yes, colloquially in Arabic (and other languages that have borrowed the term), the "al-/as-" (definite article) is often dropped. Compare Persian . --WikiTiki89 19:16, 5 February 2014 (UTC)
 * I tried to make an ngram comparison of the frequency of the various greetings to the various responses (the presence of absence of "as-" in the middle of the responses should be picked up more reliably than its presence or absence at the start of the greetings), but the Ngram Viewer stopped working and kept returning gibberish; there must be a glitch somewhere and/or it's overloaded. - -sche (discuss) 19:12, 5 February 2014 (UTC)
 * In case-insensitive mode, it sometimes splits a form into different capitalizations. Is that what you are seeing. --WikiTiki89 19:24, 5 February 2014 (UTC)

 * Pinging User:Mzajac, who said here, discussing names, that "We already have a well-exercised standard for what it means [for something to be English]: three attested uses." I commented at the time that this standard left just as much grey area as the other standards under discussion; perhaps he can weigh in on the question of whether or not it applies here / this term is English. Some citations have been typed up here, others are available on Google Books. - -sche (discuss) 19:18, 5 February 2014 (UTC)

 * Pinging also User:Prosfilaes, who said above that "I think the deletion of an attestable spelling because we don't have a good L2 to put it under does a disservice to our users". Perhaps he would like to weigh in on which L2 this term should go under. - -sche (discuss) 19:18, 5 February 2014 (UTC)

I don’t agree with the “everyday” pronouncement: most incontestably English words aren’t used every day, or even every single year.

Cf. gracias. Plenty of foreign words are understood or even merely recognized by anglophones, and used both for their meaning and effect. Even if a writer is using the word to indicate a speaker’s foreignness, or signal translated speech, or just to sound more hip than a writer who uses a more-common variant like salaam alaikum or salaam, it is still English usage. Maybe it requires a label or usage note like foreign or Arabic context or unnaturalized. Maybe our CFI sets the bar too low, but that is a separate question. —Michael Z. 2014-02-05 21:20 z
 * I think you might have missed that assalamu alaykum was moved to salaam alaikum and turned into an alternative form entry in the process of this discussion, so I think this discussion applies to salaam alaikum as well. --WikiTiki89 21:46, 5 February 2014 (UTC)

 * That looks good to me. —Michael Z. 2014-02-05 22:12 z

 * [[Image:Arrowred.png|15px]] Could we come up with context labels for these, and perhaps a protocol for how to write usage notes? I'm not opposed to including such entries; as others have noted, users could conceivably come here looking for these terms, as written in the Latin script.  I am opposed to including such entries as English as-is, for in many cases, the definition works out to something like what we see for da: along the lines of “[English term] in [other language]”.  This strikes me as very sub-optimal.  Context labels and usage notes could go a long way to alleviating my concerns about including such terms as English.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │ Tala við mig 22:44, 5 February 2014 (UTC)
 * The appropriate context label is already there: . --WikiTiki89 02:18, 6 February 2014 (UTC)
 * It's not only religious but linguistic as well, Arabic (Arabic world, Arabism, Arabic English or something similar) could also be useful. Same would apply to "inshallah" and some other expressions. --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 02:46, 6 February 2014 (UTC)
 * In English it is almost exclusively used by Muslims. --WikiTiki89 02:52, 6 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Hmm. If we do use such a label, "Arabism" is probably the best name, in line with "Germanism", "Gallicism", "Anglicism" and other labels. But those other terms are rarely used, and almost never used in on sense lines; instead, they seem to be for the most part spelled out in plain text in etymology sections, or used in  in translations tables. - -sche (discuss) 19:04, 6 February 2014 (UTC)

 * The entry has been de-tagged. Some precedent (Talk:ayubowan) suggests that strings like this are English, though other precedent (Talk:Gott in Himmel) suggests it is still Arabic, the fact that it wouldn't be the correct spelling (or, in this case, alphabet) in Arabic notwithstanding. It's a grey area; personally, I'm not going to challenge the detagging. Re the question of whether, regardless of language, this spelling is sufficiently attested compared to other spellings : there are two citations of this spelling on the citations page, and others available on Google Books. Re what context tag to use: I think the current one,, is best; something like "Arabism" (discussed above) would belong in the etymology (where the equivalent of it already is), not on the sense line — compare "Germanism", "Gallicism", "Anglicism", etc. - -sche (discuss) 15:40, 30 May 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:assalamu alaykum


text: Henny Pennies

title: Henny Pennies


text:
Talk:täma

RFV discussion: February–May 2014
Tagged for speedy deletion by User:Neitrāls vārds with the note: "a typo? dicts don't list it, proper entries at tämā and ta", but I felt there was just enough doubt as to its nonexistence to merit verification before deletion. Chuck Entz (talk) 18:50, 15 February 2014 (UTC)
 * As far as I can tell, Neitrāls seems to know his Livonian. He has added several Livonian entries. Spelling "täma" would indicate a "short" a in the end and it is thus not a standard spelling for "tämā" which ends in a "long" vowel. In Livonian a dash above a vowel indicates that it is pronounced "long". --Hekaheka (talk) 03:28, 16 February 2014 (UTC)
 * OK, unnominated. Sjögren's dictionary (as old as it may be) had it, since this is a pronoun maybe another alt form won't hurt. However, old books like Sjögren's dictionary need to be used with discretion, for example, he lists one as ükš because the dict. was compiled before ü fronted to i (hence ikš). Also plural of tas as tasūd (as opposed to Viitso's tassõd), etc. Neitrāls vārds (talk) 11:24, 16 February 2014 (UTC)
 * It sounds like it might be a good idea to tag this form "archaic". In fact, I just did it. Feel free to revert, if you disagree. --Hekaheka (talk) 11:41, 16 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Yeah, if ikš was in fact ükš at the time Sjögren was writing, then having an entry for ükš that describes it as an (and having similar entries for täma, etc) seems like the best thing to do. - -sche (discuss) 20:21, 16 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Thanks, looks the best. I actually went and created ükš, complete with a partial declension table, a definite contender for the "top 100 most contrived/most pretentious entries on Wiktionary" :D Neitrāls vārds (talk) 17:59, 22 February 2014 (UTC)

 * Kept as an tämā. - -sche (discuss) 20:02, 29 May 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:täma


text:
ちゃめ

Adjective

 * 1)  playful

Noun

 * 1)  mischief; scamp

title: ちゃめ


text:
øverst

Etymology
From, from , a superlative of the adverb.

Adjective

 * 1) upper, top, topmost
 * 2) highest

Adverb

 * 1) at the top

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) top, upper, highest, uppermost
 * fra øverst til nederst - from top to bottom

title: øverst


text: øverste

title: øverste


text: Sono

title: Sono


text:
myndighedsrepræsentant

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) representative of authority

title: myndighedsrepræsentant


text: myndighedsrepræsentanten

title: myndighedsrepræsentanten


text: j'sais pas

title: j'sais pas


text: myndighedsrepræsentanter

title: myndighedsrepræsentanter


text: myndighedsrepræsentanterne

title: myndighedsrepræsentanterne


text: myndighedsrepræsentants

title: myndighedsrepræsentants


text: myndighedsrepræsentantens

title: myndighedsrepræsentantens


text: myndighedsrepræsentanters

title: myndighedsrepræsentanters


text: myndighedsrepræsentanternes

title: myndighedsrepræsentanternes


text: delstaterne

title: delstaterne


text: delstaternes

title: delstaternes


text:
delstatsregering

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) A state government, a government of a member state.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) A state government, a government of a state (not a sovereign country), mostly used about the states in Germany and Austria.

title: delstatsregering


text: delstatsregeringer

title: delstatsregeringer


text: Category:zh:Baby animals

title: Category:zh:Baby animals


text:
User:-sche/svobodnyx/Citations

Russian citations of svobodnyx

 * 1968, Kaufman, V. Sh. O raspoznavanii nekotoryx svojstv kontekstno-svobodnyx grammatik, I-ya Vsesojuznaja konferencija po programmirovaniju, Kiev, 1968
 * (title of article reported in the Computer and Automation Institute's Computational linguistics and computer languages (1969), page 92)

 * 1980, Danish Yearbook of Philosophy, volumes 17-19, page 70:
 * Nambu, I.: Pocemu net svobodnyx kvarkov? (Why are there no free quarks?)

 * 1982, Karamzin's prose fiction: the poetics of co-creation, page 101:
 * author's name appeared more frequently on the title page, and the titles themselves often included a reference to the author's "I" (Karamzin's "Moi bezdélki," "Moja ispoved'," Dmitriev's "I moi bezdélki," I. Baxtin's "I ja avtor," Šalikov's "Plod svobodnyx čuvstvovanii," etc., are symptomatic). Works came to be read according to author (rather than genre).

 * 1995, The Workers' Movement in Russia, page 293:
 * On the events at Cherepovets see V.V. Komarovskii, 'Krizis v organizatsii svobodnyx profsoyuzov Cherepovetskogo Metallurgicheskogo Kombinata', Russian-American Fund, Soobshcheniya Korrespondentov Fonda, 1994

title: User:-sche/svobodnyx/Citations


text:
Template:Commelinaceae Hypernyms

, monocots, commelinids - clades; Commelinales - order; Commelinaceae - family

title: Template:Commelinaceae Hypernyms


text:
Template:Commelinaceae Hypernyms/documentation

This is a typing shortcut intended for use under the Hypernyms header of taxa under Commelinaceae. It can also be used with subst:.


text: layings on of hands

title: layings on of hands


text: layings

title: layings


text:
Book of Acts

Proper noun

 * 1) The Biblical book of the Acts of the Apostles.

title: Book of Acts


text:
방언

Noun

 * 1)  dialect, patois

title: 방언


text:
身罷る

Verb

 * 1) to die, to pass away

Synonyms

 * See Thesaurus:死ぬ

title: 身罷る


text: Safana

title: Safana


text:
耳鼻科

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  short for : study of the ear and nose, otorhinolaryngology

Derived terms

 * : an otorhinolaryngologist, an ENT doctor

title: 耳鼻科


text:
ဝႆ

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to stir, to move, to wave

title: ဝႆ


text:
happy button

Noun

 * 1)  The clitoris.
 * 2)  The prostate (in relation to sexual stimulation through the rectum).
 * 1)  The prostate (in relation to sexual stimulation through the rectum).
 * 1)  The prostate (in relation to sexual stimulation through the rectum).
 * 1)  The prostate (in relation to sexual stimulation through the rectum).

Synonyms

 * see also Thesaurus:clitoris.

title: happy button


text:
Talk:Sofana

Please delete this name, very hard to find a real definition or where it is originally from. Nothing seems to be a real fact. Thank you.
 * A simple web search confirms the existence of this name even if you do not know it. O'Dea (talk) 11:19, 3 June 2014 (UTC)
 * Etymology is optional! Even if we don't know where the word comes from, as long as it exists, that's enough. Note that the origin of the word is unknown, yet we don't delete it. Renard Migrant (talk) 10:21, 4 June 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sofana


text:
trí thức

Etymology
.

Usage notes

 * Not to be confused with.

title: trí thức


text:
metropolitan bishop

Noun

 * 1)  A bishop empowered to oversee other bishops; an archbishop.

Translations

 * Macedonian: митропо́лит
 * Russian:
 * Syrian Arabic: مطران

title: metropolitan bishop


text: metropolitan bishops

title: metropolitan bishops


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wīhsą

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) village, settlement

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wīhsą


text:
foreign correspondent

Noun

 * 1)  A reporter or freelance journalist who is based in a foreign country, and who provides news reports and/or commentary from that place.
 * 2) * 2013 Auugst 17, Sarah Lyall, "Dispatch: Ta-Ta, London. Hello, Awesome.," New York Times (18 June 2014) :
 * Now that my spell as a foreign correspondent for The New York Times has ended and I’ve come back home—if a place counts as home when you’ve been away for so long—I’ve had some time to think about how Britain and America have changed.
 * 1)  A clerical employee responsible for communicating with an organization's stakeholders in other countries and for processing transactions involving them; a firm employed by an organization to assume such responsibilities.
 * Now that my spell as a foreign correspondent for The New York Times has ended and I’ve come back home—if a place counts as home when you’ve been away for so long—I’ve had some time to think about how Britain and America have changed.
 * 1)  A clerical employee responsible for communicating with an organization's stakeholders in other countries and for processing transactions involving them; a firm employed by an organization to assume such responsibilities.

Translations

 * Finnish: ulkomaankirjeenvaihtaja
 * German: Auslandskorrespondent, Auslandskorrespondentin
 * Italian: corrispondente dall'estero
 * Swedish:

title: foreign correspondent