text:
saada turpaansa

Etymology
+ ; lit. 'to get on one's muzzle'

Verb

 * 1)  to be battered, get thrashed

Conjugation
See. also receives a possessive suffix:

title: saada turpaansa


text: Category:Assamese terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
saada turpiinsa

Conjugation
See. is not inflected, but receives a possessive suffix:

title: saada turpiinsa


text: Category:br:Mollusks

title: Category:br:Mollusks


text: Category:Central Melanau terms derived from West Semitic languages


text: toy line

title: toy line


text: Category:mt:Equids

title: Category:mt:Equids


text: toy lines

title: toy lines


text: Category:en:Bolivia

title: Category:en:Bolivia


text: Category:Bolivia

title: Category:Bolivia


text: Category:pt:Bolivia

title: Category:pt:Bolivia


text: Category:es:Bolivia

title: Category:es:Bolivia


text:
schapendoes

Noun

 * 1) A breed of dog originating in the Netherlands.

Etymology
From 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * , Dutch sheepdog

title: schapendoes


text: appetitten

title: appetitten


text: brusebad

title: brusebad


text: brusebadet

title: brusebadet


text: brusebade

title: brusebade


text:
badeværelse

Noun

 * 1) bathroom

title: badeværelse


text: badeværelset

title: badeværelset


text: badeværelser

title: badeværelser


text:
Citations:splodge

 * 2014 Justin Rowlatt, "Look at a satellite image of South America. Halfway down on the left-hand-side is a distinctive white splodge." In BBC News, April 11 2014

title: Citations:splodge


text: Category:Luxembourgish terms derived from Tamil


text: Category:Luxembourgish terms derived from Dravidian languages


text: Category:Gothic terms derived from West Semitic languages


text: sclaterinkultamyyrä

title: sclaterinkultamyyrä


text: Category:Fore nouns

title: Category:Fore nouns


text: Category:Ido terms derived from Vulgar Latin


text: Category:Galician terms derived from German


text: Category:Southeast Ijo terms derived from Hausa


text: Category:Southeast Ijo terms derived from West Chadic languages


text: Category:Southeast Ijo terms derived from Chadic languages


text: Category:Southeast Ijo terms derived from Afroasiatic languages


text:
schillerinajokoira

Noun

 * 1) Schiller hound Swedish breed of scenthound

title: schillerinajokoira


text: Category:Southeast Ijo terms derived from other languages


text: Category:pt:Pharmacy

title: Category:pt:Pharmacy


text: Category:bg:Weapons

title: Category:bg:Weapons


text: Category:bg:Hunting

title: Category:bg:Hunting


text: Category:uk:Aviation

title: Category:uk:Aviation


text:
scifi

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) sci-fi

title: scifi


text: Category:Waray-Waray terms derived from Spanish


text: Category:Waray-Waray terms derived from Romance languages


text: Category:Waray-Waray terms derived from Italic languages


text: Category:Waray-Waray terms derived from Indo-European languages


text: Category:Terms derived from Patpatar

title: Category:Terms derived from Patpatar


text:
ἀγαλλίασις

Etymology
From, form of +.

Noun

 * 1) great joy, exultation

title: ἀγαλλίασις


text: Category:Catalan terms derived from Old Tupi


text: Category:O'odham phrases

title: Category:O'odham phrases


text:
scifikirjallisuus

Noun

 * 1) science fiction literature genre

title: scifikirjallisuus


text: Category:Luo numerals

title: Category:Luo numerals


text:
scifikirjailija

Noun

 * 1) sci-fi writer, sci-fi author

title: scifikirjailija


text:
scifi-elokuva

Noun

 * 1) sci-fi movie

title: scifi-elokuva


text:
scifileffa

Noun

 * 1) sci-fi movie

title: scifileffa


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 背 read as せい


text:
tieteiselokuva

Noun

 * 1) sci-fi film, sci-fi movie

title: tieteiselokuva


text:
scifi-romaani

Noun

 * 1) sci-fi novel

title: scifi-romaani


text:
ἀγανακτέω

Etymology
. Has been compared to, , and.

Verb

 * 1)  to feel a violent irritation
 * 2)  to ferment
 * 3)  to be grieved, displeased, vexed, annoyed, angry, or discontented, to show outward signs of grief
 * 4)  to be vexed
 * 5)  to be vexed at or with, to be angry at
 * 1)  to be grieved, displeased, vexed, annoyed, angry, or discontented, to show outward signs of grief
 * 2)  to be vexed
 * 3)  to be vexed at or with, to be angry at
 * 1)  to be vexed
 * 2)  to be vexed at or with, to be angry at
 * 1)  to be vexed
 * 2)  to be vexed at or with, to be angry at
 * 1)  to be vexed
 * 2)  to be vexed at or with, to be angry at
 * 1)  to be vexed
 * 2)  to be vexed at or with, to be angry at
 * 1)  to be vexed at or with, to be angry at
 * 1)  to be vexed at or with, to be angry at
 * 1)  to be vexed at or with, to be angry at
 * 1)  to be vexed at or with, to be angry at
 * 1)  to be vexed at or with, to be angry at
 * 1)  to be vexed at or with, to be angry at
 * 1)  to be vexed at or with, to be angry at
 * 1)  to be vexed at or with, to be angry at
 * 1)  to be vexed at or with, to be angry at
 * 1)  to be vexed at or with, to be angry at
 * 1)  to be vexed at or with, to be angry at
 * 1)  to be vexed at or with, to be angry at

Usage notes
Some authors use the verb as a deponent.

title: ἀγανακτέω


text:
ecuadorinpiikkihiiri

Noun

 * 1) South American spiny mouse,

title: ecuadorinpiikkihiiri


text: Ecuadorin

title: Ecuadorin


text:
ἀγέλη

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) herd
 * 2)  company, shoal
 * 3) at Crete, bands or classes in which youth were trained from the age of seventeen until marriage
 * 1)  company, shoal
 * 2) at Crete, bands or classes in which youth were trained from the age of seventeen until marriage
 * 1) at Crete, bands or classes in which youth were trained from the age of seventeen until marriage
 * 1) at Crete, bands or classes in which youth were trained from the age of seventeen until marriage
 * 1) at Crete, bands or classes in which youth were trained from the age of seventeen until marriage
 * 1) at Crete, bands or classes in which youth were trained from the age of seventeen until marriage
 * 1) at Crete, bands or classes in which youth were trained from the age of seventeen until marriage
 * 1) at Crete, bands or classes in which youth were trained from the age of seventeen until marriage
 * 1) at Crete, bands or classes in which youth were trained from the age of seventeen until marriage
 * 1) at Crete, bands or classes in which youth were trained from the age of seventeen until marriage
 * 1) at Crete, bands or classes in which youth were trained from the age of seventeen until marriage

title: ἀγέλη


text:
piikkihiiri

Noun

 * 1) spiny mouse genus

title: piikkihiiri


text:
ecuadorinkalansyöjärotta

Noun

 * 1) montane fish-eating rat,

title: ecuadorinkalansyöjärotta


text:
kalansyöjärotta

Noun

 * 1) fish-eating rat rat of the genus Neusticomys

title: kalansyöjärotta


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ūtanē

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) from without, outside of

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ūtanē


text:
Reconstruction talk:Proto-Germanic/ūtanē

Uncertain about the form
Kroonen states the three forms of *ūtanē, *utanē, and *uttanē are possible. Citing an overlooked Old Norse variant uttan and Faroese for the geminated form, and also stating that Icelandic  had to have come from a form with a short vowel. He also claims that only monosyllabic could have developed the long vowel, that  would then have to be derived from the former.

I wasn't really sure what to make of it all so I went with the more common form. But I won't mind changing if another form is agreed upon. Anglom (talk) 03:46, 12 April 2014 (UTC)


text:
ἀγενεαλόγητος

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) of unrecorded descent

title: ἀγενεαλόγητος


text:
ἀγενής

Etymology
From. Compare.

Adjective

 * 1) unborn, uncreated
 * 2) of no family, ignoble, mean, cowardly, vile
 * 3) with no family, childless
 * 1) with no family, childless
 * 1) with no family, childless
 * 1) with no family, childless

title: ἀγενής


text:
nâs

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) nose

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  nose

title: nâs


text:
kiosko

Noun

 * 1) kiosk

title: kiosko


text:
narile

Etymology
Ultimately from. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  nostril

title: narile


text:
fish-eating rat

Noun

 * 1) A New World rat of the genus.
 * 2) A New World rat of the genus.

Translations

 * Finnish: andienvesirattu

 * Finnish: kalarattu

title: fish-eating rat


text:
edamjuusto

Etymology
🇰🇲

Noun

 * 1) Edam cheese type of cheese originating from Netherlands

title: edamjuusto


text: edaminjuusto

title: edaminjuusto


text: edeema

title: edeema


text:
Thread:User talk:Kephir/Template:bottom

I looked into the effects of your edit in. Turns out that extra closing  wasn't entirely spurious after all. Have a look at, for instance, and then taking that closing tag out again and have another look at the entry, and you'll see that everything after the call to gets sucked into a center-aligned collapsible table, while the content that's supposed to be in the table vanishes. But with the "extra", that doesn't happen.

Granted, that's pairing with. But for a while at least, was the generic closing template for various bits and bobs, not just  and its ilk, which apparently only have one opening   tag. I don't think that having an extra closing  tag hurts anything, as messy and inelegant as it is. If you have any bot experience, it would be great if you could identify all mismatched uses of and replace them appropriately, and then cut out the extra   tag. (I don't have any bot experience or I'd set to that myself.)

Cheers,

title: Thread:User talk:Kephir/Template:bottom


text:
behuft

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) hoofed, ungulate

title: behuft


text:
Edamer

Noun

 * 1) An inhabitant of the Dutch town Edam.
 * 2) Edam cheese

title: Edamer


text: lêem

title: lêem


text: penis cage

title: penis cage


text:
Thread:User talk:Kephir/Template:bottom/reply

Sometimes it does hurt… look at Talk:eumhun, where the archive box ends prematurely because of that extra tag.

I guess I could find all the mismatched s, but it will not be quick or easy.


text:
honno

Etymology
From, from the root of.

Determiner

 * 1)   that

Usage notes

 * Refers to grammatically feminine singular nouns, being the masculine singular and  the (masculine and feminine) plural equivalents.
 * In informal language, as a determiner is replaced with  used in conjunction with the definite article.

Pronoun

 * 1)  that

Usage notes

 * Refers to grammatically feminine singular nouns, being the masculine singular equivalent. In addition,  is used nonreferentially, for example, when talking about a general situation, action or event, rather than any particular noun.
 * Informally, replaces pronomial.

title: honno


text:
hynny

Etymology
From an extension of.

Determiner

 * 1)  those

Usage notes

 * In informal language, as a determiner may be reduced to  or replaced with  used in conjunction with the definite article.
 * Pronomial "those" in Welsh is indicated by a different construction, namely, and.
 * Pronomial "those" in Welsh is indicated by a different construction, namely, and.
 * Pronomial "those" in Welsh is indicated by a different construction, namely, and.

Pronoun

 * 1) that
 * 2)  then
 * 1)  then
 * 1)  then
 * 1)  then
 * 1)  then
 * 1)  then

Usage notes

 * Used nonreferentially, i.e. when not referring to any specific noun, but rather, for instance, a general situation, action or event. When referring to grammatically masculine and feminine nouns, and  are used respectively.
 * May be reduced to colloquially or replace with  in the north.

title: hynny


text: даёт

title: даёт


text: Category:Bovines

title: Category:Bovines


text: Category:en:Bovines

title: Category:en:Bovines


text: Category:Lagomorphs

title: Category:Lagomorphs


text: Category:en:Lagomorphs

title: Category:en:Lagomorphs


text:
Talk:lähiaikoina

 * https://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/kielenopas/7.5.html#lahiaik : "Sanaa käytetään kuitenkin arkikielessä hyvin yleisesti myös lähimenneisyyteen viittaamassa. "
 * SK perussanakirja: "Ihan lähiaikoina [paremmin: äskettäin, viime aikoina] en ole häntä tavannut." --Espoo (talk) 08:53, 12 April 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:lähiaikoina


text: даём

title: даём


text: даёте

title: даёте


text: дают

title: дают


text: Category:de:Camelids

title: Category:de:Camelids


text: Category:de:Antelopes

title: Category:de:Antelopes


text: Category:de:Bovines

title: Category:de:Bovines


text: Category:de:Cervids

title: Category:de:Cervids


text: Category:de:Lagomorphs

title: Category:de:Lagomorphs


text: Category:de:Foxes

title: Category:de:Foxes


text: Category:de:Female animals

title: Category:de:Female animals


text: Category:de:Female

title: Category:de:Female


text:
fertiloscopy

Noun

 * 1) measurement with a fertiloscope

title: fertiloscopy


text: fertiloscopies

title: fertiloscopies


text:
fertiloscope

Noun

 * 1) A laparoscope modified for transvaginal application, used in the diagnosis and treatment of female infertility.

title: fertiloscope


text: fertiloscopes

title: fertiloscopes


text:
fertiloscopic

Adjective

 * 1) Relating to fertiloscopy.

title: fertiloscopic


text: Category:German terms derived from Quechua


text: Category:German terms derived from Tibetan


text: Category:German terms derived from Quechuan languages


text: взволнуешься

title: взволнуешься


text: взволнуется

title: взволнуется


text:
squeeze theorem

Proper noun

 * 1)  A theorem used to confirm the limit of a function via comparison with two other functions whose limits are known or easily computed.

Usage notes
The theorem is, supposing that

 * $$g(x) \leq f(x) \leq h(x) \, $$

and also that

 * $$\lim_{x \to a} g(x) = \lim_{x \to a} h(x) = L. \, $$

then

 * $$\lim_{x \to a} f(x) = L.$$

title: squeeze theorem


text:
pugnir

Etymology
Hypercorrection of — no g in the original Latin.

title: pugnir


text:
indigeneity

Noun

 * 1) Quality of being indigenous; membership of an indigenous group.

title: indigeneity


text: indigeneities

title: indigeneities


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sent-

Root

 * 1)  to go

Derived terms

 * *sént-ti *sn̥t-énti

 * *sn̥t-sḱe-ti

 * *sont-éye-ti

 * *sént-o-s

 * *sént-u-s ~ *sn̥t-éw-s

Root

 * 1)  to perceive
 * 2) to think

Derived terms

 * *sént-ye-ti ~ *sént-yo-nti or *sn̥t-yé-ti ~ *sn̥t-yó-nti

 * *sḗnt-s-t ~ *sént-s-n̥t

 * *sn̥t-éh₁ye-ti

 * *sn̥t-neh₂-ti


text: взволнуемся

title: взволнуемся


text:
chadlock

Noun

 * (, syns., etc.)

title: chadlock


text: chadlocks

title: chadlocks


text: взволнуетесь

title: взволнуетесь


text:
fishing-tube

Noun

 * 1)  A glass tube for selecting a microscopic object in a fluid.

title: fishing-tube


text: fishing-tubes

title: fishing-tubes


text: взволнуются

title: взволнуются


text:
шыхъон

Verb

 * 1) to friction
 * пхъэр анэм шэхъо — the wood is fractioning the table.
 * анэр дэпкъым шыхъуагъ — the table fractioned with the wall.

title: шыхъон


text:
пячора

Etymology
From, from , from + , from  +. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) cave

title: пячора


text: побегу

title: побегу


text:
курыца

Noun

 * 1) chicken

title: курыца


text:
Dubreuil

Translations

 * French:

Etymology
From.

title: Dubreuil


text: побежишь

title: побежишь


text:
Dubuisson

Etymology
From.

title: Dubuisson


text: побежит

title: побежит


text:
prunella salt

Noun

 * 1)  nitre fused and cast into little balls

title: prunella salt


text:
stand fire

Verb

 * 1)  To receive the fire of arms from an enemy without giving way.

title: stand fire


text:
stand trial

Etymology
From +.

Verb

 * 1)  To be put on trial in a court of law; go on trial.
 * 2)  To sustain the trial or examination of a cause; not to give up without trial.
 * 1)  To sustain the trial or examination of a cause; not to give up without trial.
 * 1)  To sustain the trial or examination of a cause; not to give up without trial.
 * 1)  To sustain the trial or examination of a cause; not to give up without trial.
 * 1)  To sustain the trial or examination of a cause; not to give up without trial.
 * 1)  To sustain the trial or examination of a cause; not to give up without trial.
 * 1)  To sustain the trial or examination of a cause; not to give up without trial.

Translations

 * Polish: ,

title: stand trial


text: Category:Pinnipeds

title: Category:Pinnipeds


text: Category:en:Pinnipeds

title: Category:en:Pinnipeds


text: побежим

title: побежим


text: побежите

title: побежите


text:
むだん

Noun

 * 1)  without permission

title: むだん


text: побегут

title: побегут


text:
かんち

Noun

 * 1)  perception
 * 2)  complete recovery (from an illness)
 * 3)  cold area
 * 4)  one's knowledge on a particular subject
 * 5)  the act of exchanging land; the land being exchanged
 * 6)  a quite place; a vacant lot
 * 7)  cunning, crafty

Verb

 * 1)  to recover completely (from an illness)
 * 2)  to have knowledge on a particular subject
 * 3)  to exchange land

title: かんち


text: kanchi

title: kanchi


text:
User:Vivaelcelta

Galego

 * Requested entries (Galician)

Modelos

 * label ou lb Para aclaracións de definicións, en listas.
 * mention ou m Para aclaracións de definicións en Etymology e Usage notes.
 * sense ou s Para aclaracións nos sinónimos antes da lista de sinónimos.
 * qualifier ou q Para aclaracións nos sinónimos despois da lista de sinónimos.
 * gloss Para aclaracións despois das definicións de palabras non inglesas.
 * a Para indicar un acento particular para unha pronunciación.
 * g Para especificar o xénero.
 * non-gloss definition Para definicións en galego e español que non teñen tradución directa ó inglés.

 * en Para indicar que falta a definición

 * es Para verbos reflexivos.
 * - Ver damajuana
 * - Para poñer na caixa de traducións. Ver car
 * day before yesterday - Só para tradución
 * dispositivo intrauterino (abbreviated as IUD)
 * - Ver damajuana
 * - Para poñer na caixa de traducións. Ver car
 * day before yesterday - Só para tradución
 * dispositivo intrauterino (abbreviated as IUD)

 * translator - proscribed - non recomendado polas Academias da Lingua

 * es piel fina - LITERAL - Para indicar: Used other than with a figurative sense or idiom

 * clear ou - - Para forzar un salto de párrafo antes dunha nova sección (idioma) cando hai moitas imaxes. Úsase antes dun encabezado para asegurarse de que o encabezado terá o ancho completo da páxina.

 * referencias despois dunha definición - mirar confeti

Anticuado, obsoleto

 * es - anticuado
 * es - obsoleto, arcaico
 * es - obsoleto, arcaico

Usage notes

 * Often more used in the plural forms with the same meaning.

 * tights

Usage notes

 * US English uses the term pantyhose to refer to sheer tights.

Pronunciación
ESPAÑOL

Pronunciation
FRANCÉS

Comparar
Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬

Correxir

 * paraíso fiscal - ten que ter a categoría Category:Galician nouns with missing plurals
 * Todos os que acaban en pór
 * reflexar → reflectir
 * Category:Spanish terms with incomplete gender

Fotos

 * Dúas fotos verticais xuntas bicycle stand

Crear

 * uninterruptible power supply
 * single-phase - monofásico
 * Spanish playing cards - baraja española
 * Template:list:musical notes/en
 * dó - copiar pentagrama de notas
 * Category:Galician auto-table templates
 * Category:Galician list templates
 * Category:Translation table appendices
 * conjugador
 * clínex, pañuelo de papel

Miscelánea

 * Category:Spanish nouns with two plurals
 * Category:Spanish nouns with missing plurals
 * Category:Galician pluralia tantum

title: User:Vivaelcelta


text: stearinlyset

title: stearinlyset


text: stearinlysa

title: stearinlysa


text: stearinlysene

title: stearinlysene


text: Category:ga:Lagomorphs

title: Category:ga:Lagomorphs


text: Category:ga:Pinnipeds

title: Category:ga:Pinnipeds


text: Category:ca:Lagomorphs

title: Category:ca:Lagomorphs


text:
olho da goiaba

Noun

 * 1) anus

title: olho da goiaba


text: Category:eo:Lagomorphs

title: Category:eo:Lagomorphs


text: Category:fr:Lagomorphs

title: Category:fr:Lagomorphs


text: Category:lv:Lagomorphs

title: Category:lv:Lagomorphs


text: Category:nrf:Lagomorphs

title: Category:nrf:Lagomorphs


text: Category:te:Lagomorphs

title: Category:te:Lagomorphs


text: Category:ace:Bovines

title: Category:ace:Bovines


text: Category:alq:Bovines

title: Category:alq:Bovines


text: Category:ar:Bovines

title: Category:ar:Bovines


text: Category:axm:Bovines

title: Category:axm:Bovines


text: Category:ba:Bovines

title: Category:ba:Bovines


text: Category:ban:Bovines

title: Category:ban:Bovines


text: Category:br:Bovines

title: Category:br:Bovines


text: Category:ca:Bovines

title: Category:ca:Bovines


text: Category:cs:Bovines

title: Category:cs:Bovines


text: vagitarians

title: vagitarians


text:
pantaloneta

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) gym shorts, athletic shorts

title: pantaloneta


text: pantalonetas

title: pantalonetas


text:
tzantza

Etymology
From, from ; an alternative transliteration of.

title: tzantza


text: tzantzas

title: tzantzas


text:
thick-and-thin block

Noun

 * 1)  A fiddle block.

title: thick-and-thin block


text:
furico

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  anus; asshole

title: furico


text: fillos de puta

title: fillos de puta


text: furiquinho

title: furiquinho


text: furicozinho

title: furicozinho


text:
dagslys

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) daylight

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) daylight

title: dagslys


text: Category:cy:Bovines

title: Category:cy:Bovines


text: Category:dsb:Bovines

title: Category:dsb:Bovines


text: Category:dum:Bovines

title: Category:dum:Bovines


text: Category:el:Bovines

title: Category:el:Bovines


text: Category:eo:Bovines

title: Category:eo:Bovines


text: Category:es:Bovines

title: Category:es:Bovines


text: Category:et:Bovines

title: Category:et:Bovines


text: Category:fi:Bovines

title: Category:fi:Bovines


text:
swell mob

Noun

 * 1)  Well-dressed thieves and swindlers, regarded collectively.

title: swell mob


text: Category:fo:Bovines

title: Category:fo:Bovines


text: Category:fr:Bovines

title: Category:fr:Bovines


text: Category:ga:Bovines

title: Category:ga:Bovines


text: Category:gd:Bovines

title: Category:gd:Bovines


text: dagslyset

title: dagslyset


text: Category:gl:Bovines

title: Category:gl:Bovines


text: Category:gni:Bovines

title: Category:gni:Bovines


text: Category:gv:Bovines

title: Category:gv:Bovines


text: Category:hu:Bovines

title: Category:hu:Bovines


text: Category:hy:Bovines

title: Category:hy:Bovines


text: Category:io:Bovines

title: Category:io:Bovines


text:
卡布奇諾

Etymology
Borrowed from or.

Noun

 * 1) cappuccino

title: 卡布奇諾


text: 卡布奇诺

title: 卡布奇诺


text: Category:is:Bovines

title: Category:is:Bovines


text:
卡布其諾

Etymology
Borrowed from or.

Noun

 * 1) cappuccino

title: 卡布其諾


text: Category:it:Bovines

title: Category:it:Bovines


text: Category:ja:Bovines

title: Category:ja:Bovines


text: 卡布其诺

title: 卡布其诺


text: Category:jam:Bovines

title: Category:jam:Bovines


text: kǎbùqínuò

title: kǎbùqínuò


text: Category:jv:Bovines

title: Category:jv:Bovines


text: Category:ka:Bovines

title: Category:ka:Bovines


text: Category:kw:Bovines

title: Category:kw:Bovines


text: Category:la:Bovines

title: Category:la:Bovines


text: Category:lt:Bovines

title: Category:lt:Bovines


text: Category:lv:Bovines

title: Category:lv:Bovines


text: Category:ms:Bovines

title: Category:ms:Bovines


text:
Schelerian

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to  (1874–1928), German philosopher known for his work in phenomenology, ethics, and philosophical anthropology.

title: Schelerian


text: Category:my:Bovines

title: Category:my:Bovines


text: Category:nl:Bovines

title: Category:nl:Bovines


text: Category:non:Bovines

title: Category:non:Bovines


text: Category:ps:Bovines

title: Category:ps:Bovines


text: Category:rm:Bovines

title: Category:rm:Bovines


text: Category:sco:Bovines

title: Category:sco:Bovines


text: Category:sga:Bovines

title: Category:sga:Bovines


text: Category:sux:Bovines

title: Category:sux:Bovines


text: Category:sv:Bovines

title: Category:sv:Bovines


text: Category:syc:Bovines

title: Category:syc:Bovines


text: Category:te:Bovines

title: Category:te:Bovines


text: Category:tn:Bovines

title: Category:tn:Bovines


text:
dager

Noun

 * 1) tear drop of liquid produced by the eye
 * 2) drop small quantity of liquid

title: dager


text: Category:ur:Bovines

title: Category:ur:Bovines


text: Category:wym:Bovines

title: Category:wym:Bovines


text: Category:xcl:Bovines

title: Category:xcl:Bovines


text: Category:yi:Bovines

title: Category:yi:Bovines


text: Category:de:Pinnipeds

title: Category:de:Pinnipeds


text: Category:el:Pinnipeds

title: Category:el:Pinnipeds


text: Category:fo:Pinnipeds

title: Category:fo:Pinnipeds


text: Category:fr:Pinnipeds

title: Category:fr:Pinnipeds


text: Category:gd:Pinnipeds

title: Category:gd:Pinnipeds


text: Category:is:Pinnipeds

title: Category:is:Pinnipeds


text: Category:lv:Pinnipeds

title: Category:lv:Pinnipeds


text: Category:mul:Pinnipeds

title: Category:mul:Pinnipeds


text: Category:non:Pinnipeds

title: Category:non:Pinnipeds


text: отпущу

title: отпущу


text: fillas de puta

title: fillas de puta


text: filla de puta

title: filla de puta


text:
flower beetle

Noun

 * 1) Any beetle which feeds upon flowers, especially any of numerous small species of the genus, some of which are harmful to crops.

title: flower beetle


text: flower beetles

title: flower beetles


text:
esculent swallow

Noun

 * 1) The edible-nest swiftlet

title: esculent swallow


text:
абиссинец

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  Abyssinian citizen of Abyssinia

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  Abyssinian citizen of Abyssinia

title: абиссинец


text:
voy.

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1) see, vid.

title: voy.


text: Category:osp:Bovines

title: Category:osp:Bovines


text:
rider's bone

Noun

 * 1)  A bony deposit in the muscles of the upper and inner part of the thigh, due to the pressure and irritation caused by the saddle in riding.

title: rider's bone


text:
to a degree

Prepositional phrase

 * 1)  extremely; exceedingly.
 * 2) Somewhat, a little
 * 1) Somewhat, a little

title: to a degree


text:
corpse-gate

Noun

 * 1)  lych-gate

title: corpse-gate


text: corpse-gates

title: corpse-gates


text:
corpse candle

Noun

 * 1) A thick candle formerly used at a lich-wake, or the customary watching with a corpse on the night before its interment.
 * 2) A luminous appearance, resembling the flame of a candle, sometimes seen in churchyards and other damp places, superstitiously regarded as portending death.

title: corpse candle


text: Template:bn-conjunction/documentation

title: Template:bn-conjunction/documentation


text:
hub plank

Noun

 * 1) A horizontal guard plank along the truss of a highway bridge, at the height of a wagon-wheel hub.

title: hub plank


text: hub planks

title: hub planks


text: Template:bn-postposition/documentation

title: Template:bn-postposition/documentation


text: Template:bn-adverb/documentation

title: Template:bn-adverb/documentation


text:
Module:ko-pron

local export = {}

local m_data = mw.loadData("Module:ko-pron/data") local m_ko_utilities = require("Module:ko") local m_str_utils = require("Module:string utilities")

local codepoint = m_str_utils.codepoint local concat = table.concat local floor = math.floor local gmatch = m_str_utils.gmatch local gsub = m_str_utils.gsub local insert = table.insert local len = m_str_utils.len local match = m_str_utils.match local pattern_escape = m_str_utils.pattern_escape local sub = m_str_utils.sub local toNFC = mw.ustring.toNFC local u = m_str_utils.char local upper = m_str_utils.upper

local PAGENAME = mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename local PAGENAME2 = gsub(PAGENAME, "-", "")

local system_lookup = { ["ph"] = 1, ["rr"] = 2, ["rrr"] = 3, ["mr"] = 4, ["yr"] = 5, ["ipa"] = 6, }

local question_mark = "?"

local system_list = { { 		abbreviation = "ph", display = "Phonetic hangul: ", separator = "/", },	{ 		abbreviation = "rr", display = "Revised Romanization" .. question_mark, separator = "/", },	{ 		abbreviation = "rrr", display = "Revised Romanization (translit.)" .. question_mark, separator = "/" },	{ 		abbreviation = "mc", display = "McCune–Reischauer" .. question_mark, separator = "/" },	{ 		abbreviation = "yr", display = "Yale Romanization" .. question_mark, separator = "/" },	{ 		abbreviation = "ipa", display = "(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): ", separator = " ~ " } }

--[[

vowel_variation: rules for vowel transformation. key: the number of a syllable's vowel (vowel_id): floor(((codepoint('가') - 0xAC00) % 588) / 28) = 0 floor(((codepoint('개') - 0xAC00) % 588) / 28) = 1 value: an integer that is added to the decimal codepoint of the syllable u(codepoint('개') + 112) = '게'

allowed_vowel_scheme: a list of which systems vowel transformation is reflected in. key: vowel_id .. "-" .. system_index system_index: see system_list above. IPA is #6 value: 1, representing true

]]

local final_syllable_conversion = { [""] = "Ø", ["X"] = "" } local com_mc = { ["g"] = "k", ["d"] = "t", ["b"] = "p", ["j"] = "ch", ["sy"] = "s", ["s"] = "ss" } local com_ph = { ["ᄀ"] = "ᄁ", ["ᄃ"] = "ᄄ", ["ᄇ"] = "ᄈ", ["ᄉ"] = "ᄊ", ["ᄌ"] = "ᄍ" } local vowel_variation = { [1] = 112, -- 개→게 [3] = 112, -- 걔→계 [10] = 140, -- 괘→궤

[7] = -56, -- 계→게

[11] = 112, -- 괴→궤 [16] = 0,  -- 귀→귀 } local allowed_vowel_scheme = { ["1-1"] = 1,	["1-6"] = 1,	["3-1"] = 1,	["3-6"] = 1,	["10-1"] = 1,	["10-6"] = 1,

["7-1"] = 1,	["7-6"] = 1,

["11-1"] = 1,	["11-6"] = 1,	["16-6"] = 1, } local ambiguous_intersyllabic_rr = { ["oe"] = 1, ["eo"] = 1, ["eu"] = 1, ["ae"] = 1, ["ui"] = 1 } local ambiguous_intersyllabic_mr = { ["oe"] = 1, ["ae"] = 1 } local ambiguous_intersyllabic_yr = { ["ay"] = 1, ["ey"] = 1, ["oy"] = 1, ["uy"] = 1, ["̄y"] = 1, ["ya"] = 1, ["ye"] = 1, ["yo"] = 1, ["yu"] = 1 }

local function decompose_syllable(word) local decomposed_syllables = {} for syllable in mw.text.gsplit(word, "") do		insert(decomposed_syllables, m_ko_utilities.decompose_jamo(syllable)) end return decomposed_syllables end

local function tidy_phonetic(original, romanised) local j, k, w = 1, 1, {} for i = 1, len(romanised) do		local romanised_syllable = sub(romanised, k, k)		local original_syllable = sub(original, j, j)		if romanised_syllable ~= original_syllable then insert(w, ..romanised_syllable..) local original_advance = match(original_syllable, "[^ː ]") local romanised_advance = match(romanised_syllable, "[^ː ]") if original_advance or not romanised_advance then k = k + 1 end if romanised_advance or not original_advance then j = j + 1 end else insert(w, ' '..romanised_syllable..' ') j, k = j + 1, k + 1 end end return concat(w) end

local function tidy_ipa(ipa) ipa = gsub(ipa, "ʌ̹%(ː%)", "ɘ(ː)") -- TODO: 멀다 really should be [ˈmʌ̹ɭda̠] ~ [ˈmɘːɭda̠] instead of [ˈmɘ(ː)ɭda̠] ipa = gsub(ipa, "ɭɭi", "ʎʎi") ipa = gsub(ipa, "ɭɭj", "ʎʎ") ipa = gsub(ipa, "s([ʰ͈])ɥi" ,"ʃ%1ɥi") ipa = gsub(ipa, "ss͈([ji])" ,"ɕɕ͈%1") ipa = gsub(ipa, "s([ʰ͈])([ji])" ,"ɕ%1%2") ipa = gsub(ipa, "nj", "ɲ") ipa = gsub(ipa, "([ʑɕ])([ʰ͈]?)j", "%1%2") ipa = gsub(ipa, "kʰ[ijɯ]", { 		["kʰi"] = "cçi", 		["kʰj"] = "cç", 		["kʰɯ"] = "kxɯ" }	) ipa = gsub(ipa, "[hɦ][ijɯouw]", {		["hi"] = "çi",		["hj"] = "ç",		["hɯ"] = "xɯ",		["ho"] = "ɸʷo",		["hu"] = "ɸʷu",		["hw"] = "ɸw",		["ɦi"] = "ʝi",		["ɦj"] = "ʝ",		["ɦɯ"] = "ɣɯ",		["ɦo"] = "βo",		["ɦu"] = "βu",		["ɦw"] = "βw" }	) if match(ipa, "ɥi") then local midpoint = floor(len(ipa) / 2) ipa = sub(ipa, 1, midpoint) .. gsub(sub(ipa, midpoint+1, -1), "ɥi", "y") end return ipa end

function export.romanise(text_param, system_index, args) if type(text_param) == "table" then args = text_param:getParent.args system_index = args[2] or 2 text_param = args[1] end local p, optional_params = {}, { "nn", "l", "com", "cap", "ni" } for _, pm in ipairs(optional_params) do		p[pm] = { } if args[pm] then for pp in mw.text.gsplit(args[pm], ",") do p[pm][tonumber(pp) or pp] = 1 end end end

local categories = {} local vowel_ui_i, vowel_ui_e, no_batchim, batchim_reduce, s_variation, iotation = args.ui, args.uie, args.nobc, args.bcred, args.svar, args.iot system_index = system_lookup[system_index] or system_index text_param = gsub(text_param, '["](.)', "%1")	for primitive_word in gmatch(text_param, "[%-ᄀ-ᄒ".."ᅡ-ᅵ".."ᆨ-ᇂ" .. "ㄱ-ㅣ가-힣' 􀀀-􏿽]+") do		local the_original = primitive_word		primitive_word = gsub(primitive_word, "", "ß")		local formatting_position, formatting_count = {}, 0		primitive_word = gsub(primitive_word, "([ß􀀀-􏿽])", function(m1, m2)			formatting_position[m1 + formatting_count] = m2 == "ß" and "" or m2			return ""		end)		local has_vowel = {}		for ch in gmatch(primitive_word, ".") do			local jungseong = floor(((codepoint(ch) - 0xAC00) % 588) / 28)			if not match(ch, "[예옛옘례롄]") and match(ch, "[가-힣]") then has_vowel[jungseong] = true end		end		local word_set = { primitive_word }		local function add_respelling(variable, modification, modification2)			modification2 = modification2 or function(x) return x end			if variable and match(system_index, "[16]") then				variable = tonumber(variable) local pre_length = #word_set for i = 1, pre_length do					local item = mw.text.split(word_set[i], "") item[variable] = modification(item[variable]) item[variable + 1] = modification2(item[variable + 1]) word_set[pre_length + i] = concat(item) end end end add_respelling(vowel_ui_i, function(x) return "이" end) add_respelling(vowel_ui_e, function(x) return "에" end) add_respelling(no_batchim, 			function(x) return u(codepoint(x) - (codepoint(x) - 0xAC00) % 28) end, 			function(y) return u(codepoint(y) + 588) end) add_respelling(s_variation, function(x) return u(codepoint(x) - 12) end) add_respelling(iotation, function(x) return u(codepoint(x) + 56) end) for vowel_id, vowel_variation_increment in pairs(vowel_variation) do if has_vowel[vowel_id] and allowed_vowel_scheme[vowel_id .. "-" .. system_index] then local pre_length = #word_set for i = 1, pre_length do					local item = mw.text.split(word_set[i], "") for num, it in ipairs(item) do						if floor(((codepoint(it) - 0xAC00) % 588) / 28) == vowel_id then item[num] = u(codepoint(it) + vowel_variation_increment) end end if vowel_id == 11 then insert(word_set, i, concat(item)) else insert(word_set, concat(item)) end end end end local word_set_romanisations = {} for _, respelling in ipairs(word_set) do			local decomposed_syllables = decompose_syllable(respelling) local romanisation = {} local formatting_insert_count = 0 for index = 0, #decomposed_syllables, 1 do				local this_syllable_text = index ~= 0 and sub(respelling, index, index) or "" if this_syllable_text == "-" then -- skip it, it will be handled below else local syllable = decomposed_syllables[index] or { initial = "Ø", vowel = "Ø", final = "X" } local next_index = index local next_syllable_text local saw_hyphen_after = false while true do						next_index = next_index + 1 next_syllable_text = next_index > #decomposed_syllables and "" or sub(respelling, next_index, next_index) if next_syllable_text ~= "-" then break end saw_hyphen_after = true end local next_syllable = decomposed_syllables[next_index] or { initial = "Ø", vowel = "Ø", final = "Ø" } syllable.final = final_syllable_conversion[syllable.final] or syllable.final if system_index == 5 and syllable.vowel == "ᅮ" and match(syllable.initial, "[ᄆᄇᄈᄑ]") then syllable.vowel = "ᅳ" end if match(system_index, "[1246]") then if match(syllable.initial, "[ᄌᄍᄎ]") then if syllable.vowel == "ᅣ" then syllable.vowel = "ᅡ" elseif syllable.vowel == "ᅤ" then syllable.vowel = "ᅢ" elseif syllable.vowel == "ᅧ" then syllable.vowel = "ᅥ" elseif syllable.vowel == "ᅨ" then syllable.vowel = "ᅦ" elseif syllable.vowel == "ᅭ" then syllable.vowel = "ᅩ" elseif syllable.vowel == "ᅲ" then syllable.vowel = "ᅮ" end end end if match(system_index, "[16]") then if syllable.vowel == "ᅴ" and this_syllable_text ~= "의" then syllable.vowel = "ᅵ" end end if match(system_index, "[1246]") then if this_syllable_text == "넓" then if match(next_syllable.initial, "[ᄌᄉ]") then syllable.final = "ᆸ" elseif next_syllable.initial == "ᄃ" then if match(next_syllable.vowel, "[^ᅡᅵ]") then syllable.final = "ᆸ" end end end end local vowel = m_data.vowels[syllable.vowel][system_index]

if p.nn[next_index] and match(system_index, "[1246]") then next_syllable.initial = "ᄂ" end if p.com[index] and match(system_index, "[16]") then next_syllable.initial = com_ph[next_syllable.initial] or next_syllable.initial end if p.ni[next_index] and system_index ~= 3 then next_syllable.initial = (system_index == 5 and syllable.final == "ᆯ") and "ᄅ" or "ᄂ" end if match(system_index, "[1246]") then if tonumber(batchim_reduce or -1) == index then syllable.final = m_data.boundary[syllable.final .. "-Ø"][1] end if index ~= 0 and this_syllable_text == "밟" and not match(next_syllable.initial, "[ᄋᄒ]") then syllable.final = "ᆸ" end if next_syllable_text == "없" then if match(syllable.final, "[ᆩᆪᆰᆿ]") then syllable.final = "ᆨ" elseif match(syllable.final, "[ᆬᆭ]") then syllable.final = "ᆫ" elseif match(syllable.final, "[ᆺᆻᆽᆾᇀ]") then syllable.final = "ᆮ" elseif match(syllable.final, "[ᆲᆳᆴᆶ]") then syllable.final = "ᆯ" elseif syllable.final == "ᆱ" then syllable.final = "ᆷ" elseif match(syllable.final, "[ᆵᆹᇁ]") then syllable.final = "ᆸ" end end if tonumber(batchim_reduce or -1) ~= index then if match(syllable.final .. next_syllable.initial, "ᇀᄋ") then if next_syllable.vowel == "ᅵ" then syllable.final = "ᆾ" elseif next_syllable.vowel == "ᅧ" then syllable.final = "ᆾ" next_syllable.vowel = "ᅥ" end elseif match(syllable.final .. next_syllable.initial, "ᆴᄋ") then if next_syllable.vowel == "ᅵ" then syllable.final = "ᆯ" next_syllable.initial = "ᄎ" elseif next_syllable.vowel == "ᅧ" then syllable.final = "ᆯ" next_syllable.initial = "ᄎ" next_syllable.vowel = "ᅥ" end elseif match(syllable.final .. next_syllable.initial, "ᆮᄋ") and tonumber(s_variation or -1) ~= index then if next_syllable.vowel == "ᅵ" then syllable.final = "ᆽ" elseif next_syllable.vowel == "ᅧ" then syllable.final = "ᆽ" next_syllable.vowel = "ᅥ" end elseif match(syllable.final .. next_syllable.initial, "ᆮᄒ") then if next_syllable.vowel == "ᅵ" then syllable.final = "ᆾ" next_syllable.initial = "ᄋ" elseif next_syllable.vowel == "ᅧ" then syllable.final = "ᆾ" next_syllable.initial = "ᄋ" next_syllable.vowel = "ᅥ" end elseif match(syllable.final .. next_syllable.initial .. next_syllable.vowel, "[ᆬᆽᆾ][ᄋᄒ]ᅧ") then next_syllable.vowel = "ᅥ" end end if syllable.final .. next_syllable.initial == "ᆺᄋ" and not match(next_syllable_text, "[아았어었에으은을음읍의이인일임입있]") then syllable.final = "ᆮ" end end local bound = syllable.final .. "-" .. next_syllable.initial if not m_data.boundary[bound] then require("Module:debug").track("ko-pron/no boundary data") mw.log("No boundary data for " .. bound .. ".") return nil end local junction = m_data.boundary[bound][system_index] if system_index == 2 then local pos_format_start = index + formatting_insert_count + 1 local pos_format_end = pos_format_start while formatting_position[pos_format_end] do							pos_format_end = pos_format_end + 1 formatting_insert_count = formatting_insert_count + 1 end if pos_format_end > pos_format_start then local a, b = match(junction, "^(ng%-?)(.?)$") if not a or not b then a, b = match(junction, "^(.?%-?)(.*)$") end junction = match(syllable.final .. next_syllable.initial, "^Ø?[ᄀ-ᄒ]$") and concat(formatting_position, "", pos_format_start, pos_format_end - 1) .. (a or "") .. (b or "") or (a or "") .. concat(formatting_position, "", pos_format_start, pos_format_end - 1) .. (b or "") end end if p.l[index] or (p.l["y"] and index == 1) then -- FIXME, verify this code still works with final/initial cons changes if system_index == 1 then if #junction == 0 then junction = junction .. "ː" else junction = gsub(junction, "^(.)(.?)$", function(a, b)									return match(a, "[ᆨ-ᇂ]") and a .. "ː" .. b or "ː" .. a .. b end) end elseif system_index == 5 then vowel = gsub(vowel, "([aeiou])", "%1̄") elseif system_index == 6 then vowel = vowel .. "ː" if index == 1 then insert(categories, "Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable") end end end if (p.l["y"] or p.l[1]) and index == 0 and system_index == 6 and #decomposed_syllables > 1 then vowel = vowel .. "ˈ" end if p.com[index] then -- FIXME, verify this code still works with final/initial cons changes junction = gsub(junction, "(.)$", function(next_letter)							return 								(system_index == 5 and "q" or "") .. 								(system_index == 4 and (com_mc[next_letter..(p.cap["y"] or "")] or com_mc[next_letter] or next_letter) or next_letter) end) end if p.ni[next_index] and system_index == 5 then -- FIXME, verify this code still works with final/initial cons changes junction = gsub(junction, "([nl])$", "%1") end

local final_cons, initial_cons = match(junction, "^(.*);(.*)$") if not final_cons then if system_index == 2 then error("Need a semicolon in the boundary value for " .. bound) end -- FIXME, throw an error for all systems once we've added semicolons everywhere final_cons = junction initial_cons = "" end

if system_index == 2 then insert(romanisation, vowel .. final_cons .. (saw_hyphen_after and "-" or "") .. initial_cons) else insert(romanisation, vowel .. junction) end end end local temp_romanisation = concat(romanisation) if system_index == 1 then temp_romanisation = tidy_phonetic(primitive_word, toNFC(temp_romanisation)) elseif match(system_index, "[23]") then for i = 1, 2 do					temp_romanisation = gsub(temp_romanisation, "(.)…(.)", function(a, b)						return a .. (ambiguous_intersyllabic_rr[a .. b] and "'" or "") .. b end) temp_romanisation = gsub(temp_romanisation, "wo'e", "woe") temp_romanisation = gsub(temp_romanisation, "yo'e", "yoe") temp_romanisation = gsub(temp_romanisation, "we'o", "weo") temp_romanisation = gsub(temp_romanisation, "we'u", "weu") temp_romanisation = gsub(temp_romanisation, "ye'u", "yeu") temp_romanisation = gsub(temp_romanisation, "yu'i", "yui") end elseif system_index == 4 then for i = 1, 2 do					temp_romanisation = gsub(temp_romanisation, "(.)…(.)", function(a, b)						return a .. (ambiguous_intersyllabic_mr[a .. b] and "'" or "") .. b end) temp_romanisation = gsub(temp_romanisation, "yo'e", "yoe") temp_romanisation = gsub(temp_romanisation, "a'e", "aë") temp_romanisation = gsub(temp_romanisation, "o'e", "oë") temp_romanisation = gsub(temp_romanisation, "n'k", "nk") temp_romanisation = gsub(temp_romanisation, "swi", "shwi") end elseif system_index == 5 then for i = 1, 2 do					temp_romanisation = gsub(temp_romanisation, "(.)…(.)", function(a, b)						return a .. (ambiguous_intersyllabic_yr[a .. b] and "." or "") .. b end) temp_romanisation = gsub(temp_romanisation, "[.]q", "q") end

elseif system_index == 6 then temp_romanisation = "[" .. temp_romanisation .. "]"			end

if match(system_index, "[16]") then temp_romanisation = gsub(temp_romanisation, "ː", "(ː)") end if p.cap["y"] and match(system_index, "[234]") then temp_romanisation = upper(sub(temp_romanisation, 1, 1)) .. sub(temp_romanisation, 2, -1) end

insert(word_set_romanisations, temp_romanisation) end

text_param = gsub(			text_param,			pattern_escape(the_original),			concat(word_set_romanisations, system_list[system_index].separator),			1		) end

if system_index == 6 then text_param = tidy_ipa(text_param) end

if #categories > 0 then text_param = text_param .. require("Module:utilities").format_categories(categories, m_ko_utilities.lang) end return text_param end

function export.make(frame, scheme) local params = { [1] = { default = PAGENAME2, list = true }, ["a"] = {}, ["audio"] = { alias_of = "a" }, ["nn"] = {}, ["l"] = {}, ["com"] = {}, ["cap"] = {}, ["ui"] = {}, ["uie"] = {}, ["nobc"] = {}, ["ni"] = {}, ["bcred"] = {}, ["svar"] = {}, ["iot"] = {}, }	local args = require("Module:parameters").process(frame:getParent.args, params) local results = {} for _, text_param in ipairs(args[1]) do		local current_word_dataset = {} for system_index, system in pairs(system_list) do			local romanised = export.romanise(text_param, system_index, args) insert(current_word_dataset, romanised) end insert(results, current_word_dataset) end local output_result = { [1] = {}, [2] = {}, [3] = {}, [4] = {}, [5] = {}, [6] = {} } for _, result in ipairs(results) do		for result_index, value in ipairs(result) do			insert(output_result[result_index], value) end end

local html_ul = mw.html.create( "ul" ) :done local html_li_ipa = mw.html.create( "li" ) :wikitext( system_list[6].display ) :tag( "span" ) :addClass( "IPA" ) :wikitext( concat(output_result[6], system_list[6].separator) ) :done :done local html_li_ph = mw.html.create( "li" ) :addClass( "ko-pron__ph" ) :wikitext( system_list[1].display ) :tag( "span" ) :addClass( "Kore" ) :attr( "lang", "ko" ) :wikitext( "[" .. concat(output_result[1], system_list[1].separator) .. "]" ) :done :done

if args.a then html_li_ipa :tag( "ul" ) :tag( "li" ) :wikitext( require("Module:audio").format_audio {						lang = m_ko_utilities.lang,						file = args.a == "y" and "Ko-" .. PAGENAME .. ".ogg" or args.a,					}) :done :done :done end

if args.l then html_li_ph :tag( "ul" ) :tag( "li" ) :addClass( "ko-pron__note-vowel-length" ) :wikitext( 'Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.' ) :done :done :done end

html_ul :node( html_li_ipa ) :node( html_li_ph ) :done

local html_table = mw.html.create( "table" ) :addClass( "ko-pron" ) :addClass( "mw-collapsible" ) :addClass( "mw-collapsed" ) :tag( "tr" ) :tag( "th" ) :attr( "colspan", 2 ) :wikitext( "Romanizations" ) :done :done :done for roman_index = 2, 5 do		html_table :tag( "tr" ) :tag( "th" ) :wikitext( system_list[roman_index].display ) :done :tag( "td" ) :addClass( "IPA" ) :wikitext( concat(output_result[roman_index], system_list[roman_index].separator) ) :done :done :done end return tostring(html_ul) .. tostring(html_table) .. require("Module:TemplateStyles")("Template:ko-IPA/style.css") end

function export.make_hanja(frame, scheme) local params = { [1] = { list = true },

["l"] = {}, }

local args = require("Module:parameters").process(frame:getParent.args, params)

local results = { [1] = {},		[6] = {},	}	for _, text_param in ipairs(args[1]) do		for _, system_index in pairs({1, 6}) do			local romanised = export.romanise(text_param, system_index, args) insert(results[system_index], romanised) end end

local html_ul = mw.html.create( "ul" ) :done local html_li_ipa = mw.html.create( "li" ) :wikitext( system_list[6].display ) :tag( "span" ) :addClass( "IPA" ) :wikitext( concat(results[6], system_list[6].separator) ) :done :done local html_li_ph = mw.html.create( "li" ) :addClass( "ko-pron__ph" ) :wikitext( system_list[1].display ) :tag( "span" ) :addClass( "Kore" ) :attr( "lang", "ko" ) :wikitext( "[" .. concat(results[1], system_list[1].separator) .. "]" ) :done :done

if args.l then html_li_ph :tag( "ul" ) :tag( "li" ) :addClass( "ko-pron__note-vowel-length" ) :wikitext( 'Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.' ) :done :done :done end

html_ul :node( html_li_ipa ) :node( html_li_ph ) :done

return tostring(html_ul) .. require("Module:TemplateStyles")("Template:ko-IPA/style.css") end

return export

title: Module:ko-pron


text:
beltfish

Noun

 * 1) The largehead hairtail,.
 * 2) The,.

title: beltfish


text: hairtails

title: hairtails


text: Template:bn-numeral/documentation

title: Template:bn-numeral/documentation


text:
burying beetle

Noun

 * 1) sexton beetle; necrophore

title: burying beetle


text:
white oakum

Noun

 * 1) oakum made from untarred rope

title: white oakum


text: Template:bn-adj/documentation

title: Template:bn-adj/documentation


text:
no-doubter

Noun

 * 1)  a certain home run; a home run about which there is no doubt.

title: no-doubter


text:
Module:ko-pron/documentation

Korean pronunciation and romanisation module. Generates Revised Romanisation, phonetic hangul , Yale romanisation , McCune-Reischauer , WT-revised Revised Romanisation and IPA  for now.

Data is stored at Module:ko-pron/data.

See for more examples.

title: Module:ko-pron/documentation


text: Template:bn-pronoun/documentation

title: Template:bn-pronoun/documentation


text: Category:Proto-Koreanic language

title: Category:Proto-Koreanic language


text: Template:bn-personal pronoun/documentation


text: Template:bn-cls/documentation

title: Template:bn-cls/documentation


text: Template:bn-prefix/documentation

title: Template:bn-prefix/documentation


text: Template:bn-suffix/documentation

title: Template:bn-suffix/documentation


text: Template:bn-letter/documentation

title: Template:bn-letter/documentation


text: Template:bn-noun/documentation

title: Template:bn-noun/documentation


text: Category:Welsh terms suffixed with -fed

title: Category:Welsh terms suffixed with -fed


text: Template:bn-proper noun/documentation

title: Template:bn-proper noun/documentation


text: Template:as-noun/documentation

title: Template:as-noun/documentation


text: Category:Slovak terms suffixed with -ina


text: Template:as-adj/documentation

title: Template:as-adj/documentation


text: Template:bpy-noun/documentation

title: Template:bpy-noun/documentation


text:
witheet

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) white-hot, hot to the point of glowing bright white

title: witheet


text:
extension table

Noun

 * 1) A table (furniture) constructed so that it can be extended or contracted in length.

title: extension table


text: extension tables

title: extension tables


text:
vokset

Verb

 * 1)  (Verb 2)
 * 2)  (Verb 2)

title: vokset


text:
lace pillow

Noun

 * 1) A cushion used in making hand-wrought pillow lace.

title: lace pillow


text: conquesting

title: conquesting


text: conquested

title: conquested


text:
esocitosi

Noun

 * 1) exocytosis

title: esocitosi


text:
esocitotico

Adjective

 * 1) exocytotic

title: esocitotico


text:
esonico

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) exonic

title: esonico


text:
najebać

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to fuck up, to beat up
 * 2)  to get wasted, to get drunk
 * 3)  to have a lot of sex, to fuck a lot
 * 4)  to work a lot
 * 1)  to have a lot of sex, to fuck a lot
 * 2)  to work a lot

title: najebać


text:
esonucleolitico

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) exonucleolytic

title: esonucleolitico


text:
nucleolitico

Adjective

 * 1) nucleolytic

title: nucleolitico


text:
placenta praevia

Etymology
From, from +.

Noun

 * 1)  A complication of pregnancy in which the placenta is inserted partially or completely in the lower segment of the uterus (above the opening of the cervix).
 * 2) * 1987, G. J. Kloosterman, Some Obstetric Comments on Vrouw Schrader's Notebook and Memoirs, Hilary Marland (editor), Mother and Child Were Saved: The Memoirs (1693-1740) of the Frisian Midwife Catharina Schrader, page 35,
 * The description of case 2980 leaves it uncertain whether this is a case of placenta praevia, but in the notebook is mentioned: "The afterbirth was in front of the child in the mouth of the womb and stuck very fast. Could not remove it completely".

title: placenta praevia


text:
atzarós

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) hazardous; dangerous

title: atzarós


text:
trasferasi

Noun

 * 1)  transferase

title: trasferasi


text:
esotrasferasi

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  exotransferase

title: esotrasferasi


text: placenta praevias

title: placenta praevias


text:
exotransferase

Noun

 * 1)  Any transferase that is active outside of the cell or organism that created it

title: exotransferase


text: exotransferases

title: exotransferases


text:
esportina

Noun

 * 1)  exportin

title: esportina


text:
estensina

Noun

 * 1)  extensin

title: estensina


text: fairy-ring champignon

title: fairy-ring champignon


text: fairy-ring champignons

title: fairy-ring champignons


text:
estrusoma

Noun

 * 1)  extrusome

title: estrusoma


text:
Ez.

Proper noun

 * 1)  book of the Bible.

title: Ez.


text:
longwing

Noun

 * 1) Any of the nymphalid butterfly subfamily.
 * 2) A falcon of a particular class used in falconry.
 * 1) A falcon of a particular class used in falconry.

title: longwing


text:
extrusome

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  A membrane-bound structure in some eukaryotes which, under certain conditions, discharges its contents outside the cell

title: extrusome


text: longwings

title: longwings


text:
crescentspot

Noun

 * 1) A member of the, a tribe of brush-footed butterflies with crescent-shaped white spots on the red or brown wings.

Translations

 * Finnish: verkkoperhonen

title: crescentspot


text: crescentspots

title: crescentspots


text: extrusomes

title: extrusomes


text:
etanolammina

Noun

 * 1)  ethanolamine

title: etanolammina


text:
heliconiine

Adjective

 * 1)  Of or relating to the Heliconian butterflies.

Noun

 * 1)  A heliconiine butterfly.

title: heliconiine


text:
execx

Noun

 * 1) * 1884?, Will Abstract for Jas Hardy, in: Brian Trainor (editor), Researching Irish Australians: Directory of Research with Will Abstracts & Gravestone Inscriptions, Ulster Historical Foundation (1998), ISBN 0901905909, “Irish-Australian Wills: Abstracts from The Printed Irish Will Calendars 1858–1900”, page 55/1:
 * Hardy, Jas: admon of estate of Jas Johnson Hardy of Woodspoint, Vic., solr, died 24 June 1872 at same place was granted at Dublin, 23 April 1884 to Deborah Brillianna Foley, 99 Lower Baggot St., Dublin, widow one of the acting execxs of Philip Dixon Hardy the father. Effects £756 5s.
 * Hardy, Jas: admon of estate of Jas Johnson Hardy of Woodspoint, Vic., solr, died 24 June 1872 at same place was granted at Dublin, 23 April 1884 to Deborah Brillianna Foley, 99 Lower Baggot St., Dublin, widow one of the acting execxs of Philip Dixon Hardy the father. Effects £756 5s.

title: execx


text:
eterodimero

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  heterodimer

title: eterodimero


text:
pink salt

Noun

 * 1)  The double chlorides of (stannic) tin and ammonium, formerly much used as a mordant for madder and cochineal.

title: pink salt


text:
eterofagia

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  heterophagy

title: eterofagia


text:
eteropolimero

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  heteropolymer

Adjective

 * 1)  heteropolymeric

title: eteropolimero


text:
eterotrimerico

Etymology
From or.

Adjective

 * 1)  heterotrimeric

title: eterotrimerico


text:
eterotrimero

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  heterotrimer

title: eterotrimero


text: eterotrofa

title: eterotrofa


text: eterotrofe

title: eterotrofe


text:
Bath metal

Etymology
Named after the city of Bath in England.

Noun

 * 1) An alloy consisting of four and a half ounces of zinc per pound of copper.

title: Bath metal


text:
Bath brick

Etymology
From the city of Bath in England.

Noun

 * 1) A preparation of calcareous earth, in the form of a brick, used for cleaning knives etc.

title: Bath brick


text:
etnobiologo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) ethnobiologist

title: etnobiologo


text: execxs

title: execxs


text:
etnobiologia

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) ethnobiology

title: etnobiologia


text:
ethnobiology

Noun

 * 1)  The study of the relationships between plants and animals and human cultures

title: ethnobiology


text: exx

title: exx


text:
ethnobiologist

Noun

 * 1) A biologist whose speciality is ethnobiology

Translations

 * French:

title: ethnobiologist


text: exrx

title: exrx


text:
ça suffit

Interjection
!

 * 1) that does it, that's torn it, that's enough

title: ça suffit


text:
etnomicologia

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) ethnomycology

title: etnomicologia


text:
eubatterio

Noun

 * 1) eubacterium

title: eubatterio


text:
câblogramme

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1) cablegram

title: câblogramme


text:
euglenofita

Noun

 * 1) euglenophyte

title: euglenofita


text:
evocativamente

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) evocatively

title: evocativamente


text:
extracromosomico

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) extrachromosomal

title: extracromosomico


text:
User:Evilcokemachine/common.css

/* príomhinneachar */

html, body, div#content p { font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Symbol", "DejaVu Sans", sans-serif !important; font-size: 11pt !important; line-height: 1.6em !important; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; font-feature-settings: "kern", "liga", "dlig"; -moz-font-feature-settings: "kern", "liga", "dlig"; -webkit-font-feature-settings: "kern", "liga", "dlig"; }
 * 1) bodyContent,

/* boscaí téacs srl. */

textarea, input { font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Symbol", "DejaVu Sans", sans-serif !important; }

/* ceannteidil */ div#content h1, div#content #firstHeading { font-family: cambria, "Cambria Math", "DejaVu Serif", serif; line-height: 1.5em !important; } div#content h2 { font-family: cambria, "Cambria Math", "DejaVu Serif", serif; line-height: 1.5em !important; }

div#content #toc h2 { font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Symbol", "DejaVu Sans", sans-serif; }

/* sleachta eangaithe */

blockquote, div#content blockquote { font-family: cambria, "Cambria Math", "DejaVu Serif", serif; font-size: 11pt; }

/* cláracha */

table, .IPA, .Unicode, .API { font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Symbol", "DejaVu Sans", sans-serif !important; font-size: 100% !important; line-height: 1.5em !important; font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "dlig" 0; -moz-font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "dlig" 0; -webkit-font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "dlig" 0; }

/* cód */

pre, code, tt, kbd, samp, .mw-code, textarea#wpTextbox1 { font-family: consolas, "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Symbol", monospace !important; font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "dlig" 0; -moz-font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "dlig" 0; -webkit-font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "dlig" 0; }

/* mata */

.math, .MathJax_Preview, .MathJax_Display .MathJax { font-family: cambria, "Cambria Math", "DejaVu Serif", sans-serif !important; font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "dlig" 0; -moz-font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "dlig" 0; -webkit-font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "dlig" 0; }

/* .rellink */ .rellink { font-size: 10pt; }

/* ceannlitreacha beaga */ .smallcaps { font-variant: normal !important; font-feature-settings: "smcp"; -moz-font-feature-settings: "smcp"; -webkit-font-feature-settings: "smcp"; }

/* boilgeoga */

.mwe-popups > a > div > div.mwe-popups-redirect h3 { font-family: cambria, "Cambria Math", "DejaVu Serif", serif; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; font-feature-settings: "kern", "liga", "dlig"; -moz-font-feature-settings: "kern", "liga", "dlig"; -webkit-font-feature-settings: "kern", "liga", "dlig"; }

title: User:Evilcokemachine/common.css


text:
razor grass

Noun

 * 1) A Caribbean plant,, whose leaves and triangular stem are edged with minute sharp teeth.

title: razor grass


text:
extraembrionale

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) extraembryonic

title: extraembrionale


text:
extrafusale

Adjective

 * 1) extrafusal

title: extrafusale


text:
intrafusale

Adjective

 * 1) intrafusal

title: intrafusale


text:
extramembranoso

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) extramembranous

title: extramembranoso


text:
ezioplasto

Noun

 * 1) etioplast

title: ezioplasto


text: echinociti

title: echinociti


text: elofiti

title: elofiti


text: embrioblasti

title: embrioblasti


text: buoni a nulla

title: buoni a nulla


text: emidesmosomi

title: emidesmosomi


text: emiparassiti

title: emiparassiti


text: emoglobinati

title: emoglobinati


text: endolisosomi

title: endolisosomi


text: endosimbionti

title: endosimbionti


text: servizietti

title: servizietti


text: endoteliociti

title: endoteliociti


text: epiblasti

title: epiblasti


text:
epigenomi

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬). Contains the suffix.

Noun

 * 1) epigenome

title: epigenomi


text: eptadi

title: eptadi


text: esculi

title: esculi


text: esportine

title: esportine


text: estensine

title: estensine


text: estrusomi

title: estrusomi


text: etanolammine

title: etanolammine


text: eterodimeri

title: eterodimeri


text: eterofage

title: eterofage


text: eteropolimeri

title: eteropolimeri


text: eccitatoria

title: eccitatoria


text: eterotrimeri

title: eterotrimeri


text: etnobiologi

title: etnobiologi


text: eccitatorie

title: eccitatorie


text: etnobiologie

title: etnobiologie


text: elettrondensa

title: elettrondensa


text: etnomicologie

title: etnomicologie


text: eubatteri

title: eubatteri


text: elettrondensi

title: elettrondensi


text: euglenofite

title: euglenofite


text: elettrondense

title: elettrondense


text: ezioplasti

title: ezioplasti


text: elicasica

title: elicasica


text: elicasici

title: elicasici


text: elicasiche

title: elicasiche


text: elvellica

title: elvellica


text: elvellici

title: elvellici


text: elvelliche

title: elvelliche


text: endocitica

title: endocitica


text: endocitici

title: endocitici


text: endocitiche

title: endocitiche


text: endoplasmica

title: endoplasmica


text: endoplasmici

title: endoplasmici


text: endoplasmiche

title: endoplasmiche


text: plasmica

title: plasmica


text: plasmici

title: plasmici


text: plasmiche

title: plasmiche


text: endosimbiotica

title: endosimbiotica


text: endosimbiotici

title: endosimbiotici


text: endosimbiotiche

title: endosimbiotiche


text: bøndene

title: bøndene


text: endosomali

title: endosomali


text: enteroemorragica

title: enteroemorragica


text: enteroemorragici

title: enteroemorragici


text: enteroemorragiche

title: enteroemorragiche


text: epiploica

title: epiploica


text: epiploici

title: epiploici


text: epiploiche

title: epiploiche


text: ergogenica

title: ergogenica


text: ergogenici

title: ergogenici


text: ergogeniche

title: ergogeniche


text: eritrocitaria

title: eritrocitaria


text: eritrocitari

title: eritrocitari


text: eritrocitarie

title: eritrocitarie


text: esocelomatica

title: esocelomatica


text: esocelomatici

title: esocelomatici


text: esocelomatiche

title: esocelomatiche


text: esocitotica

title: esocitotica


text: esocitotici

title: esocitotici


text: esocitotiche

title: esocitotiche


text: esonica

title: esonica


text: esonici

title: esonici


text: esoniche

title: esoniche


text: esonucleolitica

title: esonucleolitica


text: esonucleolitici

title: esonucleolitici


text: esonucleolitiche

title: esonucleolitiche


text: nucleolitica

title: nucleolitica


text: nucleolitici

title: nucleolitici


text: nucleolitiche

title: nucleolitiche


text: eteropolimera

title: eteropolimera


text: eteropolimere

title: eteropolimere


text: eterotrimerica

title: eterotrimerica


text: eterotrimerici

title: eterotrimerici


text: eterotrimeriche

title: eterotrimeriche


text:
fagolisosoma

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  phagolysosome

title: fagolisosoma


text: extracromosomica

title: extracromosomica


text: extracromosomici

title: extracromosomici


text: extracromosomiche

title: extracromosomiche


text: extraembrionali

title: extraembrionali


text: extrafusali

title: extrafusali


text: intrafusali

title: intrafusali


text: extramembranosa

title: extramembranosa


text: extramembranosi

title: extramembranosi


text: extramembranose

title: extramembranose


text:
quit scores

Verb

 * 1)  To settle or balance accounts; to render an equivalent; to make compensation.

title: quit scores


text:
fanerofita

Noun

 * 1) phanerophyte

Noun

 * 1) phanerophyte

title: fanerofita


text: Wiktionary:Foreign Word of the Day/2014/April 13


text: ferdene

title: ferdene


text: ferder

title: ferder


text:
ferda

Etymology 2
From.

Verb

 * 1) travel

title: ferda


text:
gustâ

Etymology
From, present active infinitive of.

Verb

 * 1)  to dine, have dinner
 * 2)  to relish

title: gustâ


text:
ferrochelatasi

Noun

 * 1)  ferrochelatase

title: ferrochelatasi


text:
scotched collops

Etymology
Reanalysis of earlier from  to. The dish was labeled variously during the 18th and 19th centuries as Scotch collops, scorched collops, or scotched collops, among others. The latter form is first attested from the 18th century, with Scotch collops from the 17th.

Noun

 * 1)  A dish made of pieces of beef or veal cut thin or minced, beaten flat, and stewed with onion and other condiments.

title: scotched collops


text:
ediacarakautinen

Adjective

 * 1) Ediacaran of a geologic period from about 620 to 542 million years ago

title: ediacarakautinen


text:
see into a millstone

Verb

 * 1)  To understand a complex matter.

title: see into a millstone


text: Category:Prosimians

title: Category:Prosimians


text: fibrillari

title: fibrillari


text: Category:en:Prosimians

title: Category:en:Prosimians


text: harnessings

title: harnessings


text: ferdande

title: ferdande


text:
ferde

Etymology
From the variant of. Its current meaning goes back to the sense “to turn round, diverge, deviate from straight”, compare.

Adjective

 * 1) slanting, inclined, oblique
 * 2) leaning (to one side), tilted, crooked
 * 3) sideways (glance)
 * 4) perverted (view), awkward (behavior)

Etymology 1
From, , , from , from , from ; compare. Forms with a final vowel are from the Old English oblique forms.

Cognate with 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬 (🇨🇬), 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) An army or host.
 * 2) A troop; a portion of an army.
 * 3)  A band or company.
 * 4)  A military expedition.
 * 1)  A band or company.
 * 2)  A military expedition.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) fear

title: ferde


text: talga

title: talga


text:
fibrille

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) fibril

title: fibrille


text: edemmä

title: edemmä


text:
edemmäs

Adverb

 * 1) (to/towards) closer to the front, further ahead

title: edemmäs


text:
flagellina

Noun

 * 1)  flagellin

title: flagellina


text:
idrett

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) sport

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) sport

title: idrett


text:
fosfatidiletanolammina

Noun

 * 1)  phosphatidylethanolamine

title: fosfatidiletanolammina


text:
fosfatidilserina

Noun

 * 1)  phosphatidylserine

Noun

 * 1) phosphatidylserine

title: fosfatidilserina


text: Category:Monkeys

title: Category:Monkeys


text:
οπληφόρος

Adjective

 * 1) ungulate, hooved, hoofed

title: οπληφόρος


text: Category:en:Monkeys

title: Category:en:Monkeys


text:
fosfolipidico

Etymology
From or.

Adjective

 * 1) phospholipidic

title: fosfolipidico


text:
phospholipidic

Adjective

 * 1) Relating to, or composed of, phospholipid.

title: phospholipidic


text: idretten

title: idretten


text: idrettane

title: idrettane


text: idrettar

title: idrettar


text:
fosforolitico

Adjective

 * 1) phosphorolytic

title: fosforolitico


text:
fosfotransferasi

Noun

 * 1)  phosphotransferase

title: fosfotransferasi


text:
fotoliasi

Noun

 * 1)  photolyase

title: fotoliasi


text:
fragmoplasto

Noun

 * 1)  phragmoplast

Noun

 * 1) phragmoplast

title: fragmoplasto


text: fagolisosomi

title: fagolisosomi


text: fanerofite

title: fanerofite


text: flagelline

title: flagelline


text: fosfatidiletanolammine

title: fosfatidiletanolammine


text: fosfatidilserine

title: fosfatidilserine


text: fragmoplasti

title: fragmoplasti


text: fusiformi

title: fusiformi


text: fosfolipidica

title: fosfolipidica


text: fosfolipidici

title: fosfolipidici


text: fosfolipidiche

title: fosfolipidiche


text: fosforolitica

title: fosforolitica


text: fosforolitici

title: fosforolitici


text: fosforolitiche

title: fosforolitiche


text: stearinen

title: stearinen


text:
Module:la-pronunc

local export = {}

local m_a = require("Module:accent qualifier") local m_IPA = require("Module:IPA") local m_str_utils = require("Module:string utilities") local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("la")

local u = m_str_utils.char local rfind = m_str_utils.find local rsubn = m_str_utils.gsub local rmatch = m_str_utils.match local rsplit = m_str_utils.split local ulower = m_str_utils.lower local usub = m_str_utils.sub local ulen = m_str_utils.len

local BREVE = u(0x0306) -- breve = ̆ local TILDE = u(0x0303) -- ̃ local HALF_LONG = "ˑ" local LONG = "ː"

local letters_ipa = { ["a"] = "a",["e"] = "e",["i"] = "i",["o"] = "o",["u"] = "u",["y"] = "y", ["ā"] = "aː",["ē"] = "eː",["ī"] = "iː",["ō"] = "oː",["ū"] = "uː",["ȳ"] = "yː", ["ae"] = "ae̯",["oe"] = "oe̯",["ei"] = "ei̯",["au"] = "au̯",["eu"] = "eu̯", ["b"] = "b",["d"] = "d",["f"] = "f", ["c"] = "k",["g"] = "ɡ",["v"] = "w",["x"] = "ks", ["ph"] = "pʰ",["th"] = "tʰ",["ch"] = "kʰ",["rh"] = "r",["qv"] = "kʷ",["gv"] = "ɡʷ", ["'"] = "ˈ",["ˈ"] = "ˈ", }

local letters_ipa_eccl = { ["a"] = "a",["e"] = "e",["i"] = "i",["o"] = "o",["u"] = "u",["y"] = "i", ["ā"] = "aː",["ē"] = "eː",["ī"] = "iː",["ō"] = "oː",["ū"] = "uː",["ȳ"] = "iː", ["ae"] = "eː",["oe"] = "eː",["ei"] = "ei̯",["au"] = "au̯",["eu"] = "eu̯", ["b"] = "b",["d"] = "d",["f"] = "f", ["k"] = "q", -- dirty hack to make sure k isn't palatalized ["c"] = "k", ["g"] = "ɡ",["v"] = "v",["x"] = "ks", ["ph"] = "f",["th"] = "tʰ",["ch"] = "kʰ",["rh"] = "r",["qv"] = "kw",["gv"] = "ɡw", ["sv"] = "sw", --"sw" is needed to avoid [zv] in words like suavium ["h"] = "", ["'"] = "ˈ",["ˈ"] = "ˈ", }

local lax_vowel = { ["e"] = "ɛ", ["i"] = "ɪ", ["o"] = "ɔ", ["u"] = "ʊ", ["y"] = "ʏ", }

local tense_vowel = { ["ɛ"] = "e", ["ɪ"] = "i", ["ɔ"] = "o", ["ʊ"] = "u", ["ʏ"] = "y", }

local voicing = { ["p"] = "b", ["t"] = "d", ["k"] = "ɡ", }

local devoicing = { ["b"] = "p", ["d"] = "t", ["ɡ"] = "k", }

local classical_vowel_letters = "aeɛiɪoɔuʊyʏ" local classical_vowel = "[" .. classical_vowel_letters .. "]"

local phonetic_rules = {

-- Bibliography included at the end

-- Assimilation of [g] to [ŋ] before a following /n/. {"ɡ([.ˈ]?)n", "ŋ%1n"}, -- Per Allen (1978: 23), although note the reservations expressed on the next page.

-- Assimilation of word-internal /n/ and /m/ to following consonants. Exception: /m/ does not assimilate to a following /n/. {"n([.ˈ]?)([mpb])", "m%1%2"}, {"n([.ˈ]?)([kɡ])", "ŋ%1%2"}, {"m([.ˈ]?)([td])", "n%1%2"}, {"m([.ˈ]?)([kɡ])", "ŋ%1%2"}, -- Per George M. Lane: “Nasals changed their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Thus, dental n before the labials p and b became the labial m... labial m before the gutturals c and g became guttural n...labial m before the dentals t, d, s became dental n…” (§164.3); “One nasal, n, is assimilated to another, m...but an m before n is never assimilated..." (§166.5).		-- Per Lloyd (1987: 84): “The opposition between nasals was neutralized in syllable-final position, with the realization of the nasality being assimilated to the point of articulation of the following consonant, e.g., [m] is found only before labials, [n] only before dentals or alveolars, and [ŋ] only before velars and /n/." -- Potential addition: assimilation of final /m/ and /n/ across word boundaries, per e.g. Allen (1987: 28, 31). -- No additional labialization before high back vowels {"ʷ%f[uʊ]", ""}, -- Tensing of short vowels before another vowel {		"([ɛɪʏɔʊ])([.ˈ][h]?)%f[aeɛiɪoɔuʊyʏ]", function (vowel, following) return (tense_vowel[vowel] or vowel) .. following end, },

-- But not before consonantal glides {"ei̯", "ɛi̯"}, {"eu̯", "ɛu̯"},

-- Nasal vowels {		"(" .. classical_vowel .. ")m$", function (vowel) return (lax_vowel[vowel] or vowel) .. TILDE .. HALF_LONG end, },	{		"(" .. classical_vowel .. ")[nm]([.ˈ]?[sf])", function (vowel, following) return (tense_vowel[vowel] or vowel) .. TILDE .. LONG .. following end, },

-- Dissimilation after homorganic glides (the tuom volgus-type) --{"([wu])([.ˈ]?)([h]?)ʊ", "%1%2%3o"}, --{"([ji])([.ˈ]?)([h]?)ɪ", "%1%2%3e"}, ---Disabled per 19 September 2021 discussion at Template_talk:la-IPA#Transcription_of_syllable-initial_semivowels -- Realization of /r/ as a tap -- Pultrová (2013) argues for Latin /r/ being an alveolar tap. -- Lloyd (1987: 81) agrees: “The /r/ was doubtlessly an alveolar flap."		-- Allen (1978: 33) expresses doubt: “By the classical period there is no reason to think that the sound had not strengthened to the trill described by later writers.”       -- Unconditional [r] transcription is preferable to unconditional [ɾ] per 18 September 2021 discussion at Module_talk:la-pronunc#Transcription_of_Latin's_rhotic_consonant        -- No consensus yet on how to implement conditional allophony of [r] vs. [ɾ]	-- Voicing and loss of intervocalic /h/.	{"([^ˈ].)h", "%1(ɦ)"},	-- Per Allen (1978: 43–45).

-- Phonetic (as opposed to lexical/phonemic) assimilations -- Place -- First because this accounts for 'atque' seemingly escaping total assimilation (and 'adque' presumably not) {"[d]([.ˈ]?)s", "s%1s"},  -- leave [t] out since etsi has [ts], not [sː] {"s[^ː]([.ˈ]?)s%f[ptk]", "s(ː)%1"}, {"st([.ˈ])([^aeɛiɪoɔuʊyʏe̯u̯])", "s(t)%1%2"},

{"d([.ˈ])([pkɡln])", "%2%1%2"}, --leave [r] out since dr does not assimilate, even when heterosyllabic (e.g. quadrans), except in prefixed words {"b([.ˈ])([mf])", "%2%1%2"}, {"s([.ˈ])f", "f%1f"},

-- Regressive voicing assimilation in consonant clusters {		"([bdɡ])([.ˈ]?)%f[ptksf]", function (consonant, following) return (devoicing[consonant] or consonant) .. following end, },	{		"([ptk])([.ˈ]?)%f[bdɡ]", function (consonant, following) return (voicing[consonant] or consonant) .. following end, },

-- Allophones of /l/ {"l", "ɫ̪"}, -- “Pinguis”. Dark/velarized. -- Per Weiss (2009: 117): “…pinguis (velar). l is exīlis before i and when geminate, otherwise l is pinguis.” -- Page 82: “…l is pinguis even before e, e.g. Herculēs < Hercolēs … < Hercelēs …” -- Per Sihler (1995: 174): “l exilis was found before the vowels -i- and -ī-, and before another -l-; l pinguis occurred before any other vowel; before any consonant except l; and in word-final position […] l pinguis actually had two degrees of avoirdupois, being fatter before a consonant than before a vowel…” -- Page 41: “…velarized l (that is, ‘l pinguis’)…” -- Sen (2015: §2) states that /l/ was velarized in word-final position or before consonants–other than another /l/–and that it had varying degrees of “dark resonance (velarization in articulatory terms)” (p. 23) before e, a, o, and u (p. 33). -- Both Sen and Sihler indicate different degrees of velarization, depending on the environment. IPA lacks a way to represent these gradations, unfortunately. {"ɫ̪([.ˈ]?)ɫ̪", "l%1lʲ"}, {"ɫ̪([.ˈ]?[iɪyʏ])", "lʲ%1"}, -- “Exīlis”. Not dark/velarized. Possibly palatalized. -- Per Sen (2015: 29): It is plausible […] that simple onset /l/ was palatalized before /i/, thus [lʲ] […] it seems likely that geminate /ll/ was also palatalized, given the similar behaviour of the two…” -- Per Weiss (2009: 82): “In Latin, l developed…a non-velar (possibly palatal) allophone called exīlis before i and when geminate…” -- Per Sihler (1995: 174): “l exilis was found before the vowels 􏰹-i-􏰹 and -ī-, and before another -l-.” -- Per Sihler (2000: §133.1): "It is less clear whether the 'thin' lateral [i.e. L exilis] was specifically palatal, or palatalized, or only neutral." -- Giannini and Marotta apparently argue that it was not palatalized (https://i.imgur.com/ytM1QDn.png). I do not have access to the book in question.

-- Retracted /s/ {"s", "s̠"}, -- Lloyd (1987: 80–81) expresses some uncertainty about this, but appears to overall be in favour of it: “…the evidence that the apico-alveolar pronunciation was ancient in Latin and inherited from Indo-European is quite strong.” -- Per Zampaulo (2019: 93), “…in many instances, Latin s was likely pronounced as an apical segment [s̺] (rather than laminal [s])."		-- Per Widdison (1987: 64), "In all, it would be fair to state that the apico-alveolar [ś] articulation represented the main allophonic variant of Latin and possibly IE /s/..."

-- dental Z	{"z([aeɛiɪoɔuʊyʏ])", "d͡z%1"},      --See discussion {"z([.ˈ])z", "z%1(d͡)z"}, {"z", "z̪"},

-- Dental articulations {"t", "t̪"}, {"d", "d̪"}, {"n([.ˈ]?)([td])", "n̪%1%2"},      --it's not as clear as for the stops

--Allophones of A	{"a", "ä"},

-- Works cited -- Allen, William Sidney. 1978. Vox Latina: A Guide to the pronunciation of Classical Latin. -- Lane, George M. A Latin grammar for schools and colleges. -- Lloyd, Paul M. 1987. From Latin to Spanish. -- Pultrová, Lucie. 2013. On the phonetic nature of the Latin R. -- Sen, Ranjan. 2015. Syllable and segment in Latin. -- Sihler, Andrew L. 1995. New comparative grammar of Greek and Latin. -- Sihler, Andrew L. 2000. Language history: An introduction. -- Weiss, Michael. 2009. Outline of the historical and comparative grammar of Latin. -- Widdison, Kirk A. 16th century Spanish sibilant reordering: Reasons for divergence. -- Zampaulo, André. 2019. Palatal Sound Change in the Romance languages: Diachronic and Synchronic Perspectives. }

local phonetic_rules_eccl = { -- Specifically the Roman Ecclesiastical for singing from the Liber Usualis

{"([aɛeiɔou][ː.ˈ]*)s([.ˈ]*)%f[aɛeiɔou]", "%1s̬%2"},      --partial voicing of s between vowels {"s([.ˈ]*)%f[bdgmnlv]", "z%1"},      --full voicing of s before voiced consonants {"ek([.ˈ]*)s([aɛeiɔoubdgmnlv])", "eɡ%1z%2"},      --voicing of the prefix ex- {"kz", "ɡz"},      --i give up, without this /ksˈl/ gives [kzˈl]

-- Tapped R intervocalically and in complex onset -- ^ Citation needed for this being the case in Ecclesiastical pronunciation -- {"([aɛeiɔou]ː?[.ˈ])r([aɛeiɔou]?)", "%1ɾ%2"}, -- {"([fbdgptk])r", "%1ɾ"}, {"a", "ä"}, --a is open and central per 17 September 2021 discussion at Template_talk:la-IPA#Ecclesiastical_a -- /e/ and /o/ realization is phonetic but handled in convert_word below as it is sensitive to stress

-- Dental articulations {"n([.ˈ]?)([td])([^͡])", "n̪%1%2%3"}, --assimilation of n to dentality. {"l([.ˈ]?)([td])([^͡])", "l̪%1%2%3"}, --Note that the quality of n might not be dental otherwise--it may be alveolar in most contexts in Italian, according to Wikipedia. {"t([^͡])", "t̪%1"},      --t is dental, except as the first element of a palatal affricate {"d([^͡])", "d̪%1"},      --d is dental, except as the first element of a palatal affricate {"t͡s", "t̪͡s̪"},      -- dental affricates {"d͡z", "d̪͡z̪"},      --dental affricates {"t̪([.ˈ]?)t͡ʃ", "t%1t͡ʃ"}, {"d̪([.ˈ]?)d͡ʒ", "d%1d͡ʒ"},

--end of words {"lt$", "l̪t̪"}, {"nt$", "n̪t̪"}, {"t$", "t̪"}, {"d$", "d̪"},

--Partial assimilation of l and n before palatal affricates, as in Italian {"l([.ˈ]?)t͡ʃ", "l̠ʲ%1t͡ʃ"}, {"l([.ˈ]?)d͡ʒ", "l̠ʲ%1d͡ʒ"}, {"l([.ˈ]?)ʃ", "l̠ʲ%1ʃ"}, {"n([.ˈ]?)t͡ʃ", "n̠ʲ%1t͡ʃ"}, {"n([.ˈ]?)d͡ʒ", "n̠ʲ%1d͡ʒ"}, {"n([.ˈ]?)ʃ", "n̠ʲ%1ʃ"},

-- other coda nasal assimilation, full and partial. Per Canepari, only applies to /n/ and not to /m/ {"n([.ˈ]?)([kɡ])", "ŋ%1%2"}, {"n([.ˈ]?)([fv])", "ɱ%1%2"},

}

local lenition = { ["ɡ"] = "ɣ", ["d"] = "ð", }

local lengthen_vowel = { ["a"] = "aː", ["aː"] = "aː", ["ɛ"] = "ɛː", ["ɛː"] = "ɛː", ["e"] = "eː", ["eː"] = "eː", ["i"] = "iː", ["iː"] = "iː", ["ɔ"] = "ɔː", ["ɔː"] = "ɔː", ["o"] = "oː", ["oː"] = "oː", ["u"] = "uː", ["uː"] = "uː", ["au̯"] = "aːu̯", ["ɛu̯"] = "ɛːu̯", ["eu̯"] = "eːu̯", }

local vowels = { "a", "ɛ", "e", "ɪ", "i", "ɔ", "o", "ʊ", "u", "y", "aː", "ɛː", "eː", "iː", "ɔː", "oː", "uː", "yː", "ae̯", "oe̯", "ei̯", "au̯", "eu̯", }

local onsets = { "b", "p", "pʰ", "d", "t", "tʰ", "β", "ɡ", "k", "kʰ", "kʷ", "ɡʷ", "kw", "ɡw", "t͡s", "t͡ʃ", "d͡ʒ", "ʃ", "f", "s", "z", "d͡z", "h", "l", "m", "n", "ɲ", "r", "j", "v", "w", "bl", "pl", "pʰl", "br", "pr", "pʰr", "dr", "tr", "tʰr", "ɡl", "kl", "kʰl", "ɡr", "kr", "kʰr", "fl", "fr", "sp", "st", "sk", "skʷ", "sw", "spr", "str", "skr", "spl", "skl", }

local codas = { "b", "p", "pʰ", "d", "t", "tʰ", "ɡ", "k", "kʰ", "β", "f", "s", "z", "l", "m", "n", "ɲ", "r", "j", "ʃ", "sp", "st", "sk", "spʰ", "stʰ", "skʰ", "lp", "lt", "lk", "lb", "ld", "lɡ", "lpʰ", "ltʰ", "lkʰ", "lf", "rp", "rt", "rk", "rb", "rd", "rɡ", "rpʰ", "rtʰ", "rkʰ", "rf", "mp", "nt", "nk", "mb", "nd", "nɡ", "mpʰ", "ntʰ", "nkʰ", "lm", "rl", "rm", "rn", "ps", "ts", "ks", "ls", "ns", "rs", "lks", "nks", "rks", "rps", "mps", "lms", "rls", "rms", "rns", }

-- Prefixes that end in a consonant; can be patterns. Occurrences of such -- prefixes + i + vowel cause the i to convert to j (to suppress this, add a -- dot, i.e. syllable boundary, after the i). local cons_ending_prefixes = { "a[bd]", "circum", "con", "dis", "ex", "in", "inter", "ob", "per", "sub", "subter", "super", "tr[aā]ns" }

local remove_macrons = { ["ā"] = "a", ["ē"] = "e", ["ī"] = "i", ["ō"] = "o", ["ū"] = "u", ["ȳ"] = "y", }

local macrons_to_breves = { ["ā"] = "ă", ["ē"] = "ĕ", ["ī"] = "ĭ", ["ō"] = "ŏ", ["ū"] = "ŭ", -- Unicode doesn't have breve-y ["ȳ"] = "y" .. BREVE, }

local remove_breves = { ["ă"] = "a", ["ĕ"] = "e", ["ĭ"] = "i", ["ŏ"] = "o", ["ŭ"] = "u", -- Unicode doesn't have breve-y }

local remove_ligatures = { ["æ"] = "ae", ["œ"] = "oe", }

for i, val in ipairs(vowels) do	vowels[val] = true end

for i, val in ipairs(onsets) do	onsets[val] = true end

for i, val in ipairs(codas) do	codas[val] = true end

-- NOTE: Everything is lowercased very early on, so we don't have to worry -- about capitalized letters. local short_vowels_string = "aeiouyăĕĭŏŭäëïöüÿ" -- no breve-y in Unicode local long_vowels_string = "āēīōūȳ" local vowels_string = short_vowels_string .. long_vowels_string local vowels_c = "[" .. vowels_string .. "]" local non_vowels_c = "[^" .. vowels_string .. "]"

local function track(page) require("Module:debug/track")("la-pronunc/" .. page) return true end

-- version of rsubn that discards all but the first return value local function rsub(term, foo, bar) local retval = rsubn(term, foo, bar) return retval end

-- version of rsubn that returns a 2nd argument boolean indicating whether -- a substitution was made. local function rsubb(term, foo, bar) local retval, nsubs = rsubn(term, foo, bar) return retval, nsubs > 0 end

local function letters_to_ipa(word,phonetic,eccl,vul) local phonemes = {} local dictionary = eccl and letters_ipa_eccl or (vul and letters_ipa_vul or letters_ipa) while ulen(word) > 0 do		local longestmatch = "" for letter, ipa in pairs(dictionary) do			if ulen(letter) > ulen(longestmatch) and usub(word, 1, ulen(letter)) == letter then longestmatch = letter end end if ulen(longestmatch) > 0 then if dictionary[longestmatch] == "ks" then table.insert(phonemes, "k") table.insert(phonemes, "s") else table.insert(phonemes, dictionary[longestmatch]) end word = usub(word, ulen(longestmatch) + 1) else table.insert(phonemes, usub(word, 1, 1)) word = usub(word, 2) end end if eccl then for i=1,#phonemes do		local prev, cur, next = phonemes[i-1], phonemes[i], phonemes[i+1] if next and (cur == "k" or cur == "ɡ") and rfind(next, "^[eɛi]ː?$") then if cur == "k" then if prev == "s" then --and ((not phonemes[i-2]) or phonemes[i-2] ~= "k") prev = "ʃ" cur = "ʃ" else cur = "t͡ʃ" if prev == "k" then prev = "t" end end else cur = "d͡ʒ" if prev == "ɡ" then prev = "d" end end end -- dirty hack to make sure k isn't palatalized if cur == "q" then cur = "k" end if cur == "t" and next == "i" and not (prev == "s" or prev == "t") and vowels[phonemes[i+2]] then cur = "t͡s" end if cur == "z" then if next == "z" then cur = "d" next = "d͡z" else cur = "d͡z" end end if cur == "kʰ" then cur = "k" end if cur == "tʰ" then cur = "t" end if cur == "ɡ" and next == "n" then cur = "ɲ" next = "ɲ" end phonemes[i-1], phonemes[i], phonemes[i+1] = prev, cur, next end end return phonemes end

local function get_onset(syll) local consonants = {} for i = 1, #syll do		if vowels[syll[i]] then break end if syll[i] ~= "ˈ" then table.insert(consonants, syll[i]) end end return table.concat(consonants) end

local function get_coda(syll) local consonants = {} for i = #syll, 1, -1 do		if vowels[syll[i]] then break end table.insert(consonants, 1, syll[i]) end return table.concat(consonants) end

local function get_vowel(syll) for i = 1,#syll do		if vowels[syll[i]] then return syll[i] end end end

-- Split the word into syllables of CV shape local function split_syllables(remainder) local syllables = {} local syll = {} for _, phoneme in ipairs(remainder) do if phoneme == "." then if #syll > 0 then table.insert(syllables, syll) syll = {} end -- Insert a special syllable consisting only of a period. -- We remove it later but it forces no movement of consonants across -- the period. table.insert(syllables, {"."}) elseif phoneme == "ˈ" then if #syll > 0 then table.insert(syllables,syll) end syll = {"ˈ"} elseif vowels[phoneme] then table.insert(syll, phoneme) table.insert(syllables, syll) syll = {} else table.insert(syll, phoneme) end end -- If there are phonemes left, then the word ends in a consonant. -- Add another syllable for them, which will get joined the preceding -- syllable down below. if #syll > 0 then table.insert(syllables, syll) end -- Split consonant clusters between syllables for i, current in ipairs(syllables) do if #current == 1 and current[1] == "." then -- If the current syllable is just a period (explicit syllable			-- break), remove it. The loop will then skip the next syllable, -- which will prevent movement of consonants across the syllable -- break (since movement of consonants happens from the current			-- syllable to the previous one). table.remove(syllables, i)		elseif i > 1 then local previous = syllables[i-1] local onset = get_onset(current) -- Shift over consonants until the syllable onset is valid while not (onset == "" or onsets[onset]) do				table.insert(previous, table.remove(current, 1)) onset = get_onset(current) end -- If the preceding syllable still ends with a vowel, -- and the current one begins with s + another consonant, then shift it over. if get_coda(previous) == "" and (current[1] == "s" and not vowels[current[2]]) then table.insert(previous, table.remove(current, 1)) end -- Check if there is no vowel at all in this syllable. That -- generally happens either (1) with an explicit syllable division -- specified, like 'cap.ra', which will get divided into the syllables -- [ca], [p], [.], [ra]; or (2) at the end of a word that ends with -- one or more consonants. We move the consonants onto the preceding -- syllable, then remove the resulting empty syllable. If the -- new current syllable is [.], remove it, too. The loop will then -- skip the next syllable, which will prevent movement of consonants -- across the syllable break (since movement of consonants happens			-- from the current syllable to the previous one). if not get_vowel(current) then for j=1,#current do					table.insert(previous, table.remove(current, 1)) end table.remove(syllables, i) if syllables[i] and #syllables[i] == 1 and syllables[i][1] == "." then table.remove(syllables, i)				end end end end for i, syll in ipairs(syllables) do		local onset = get_onset(syll) local coda = get_coda(syll) if not (onset == "" or onsets[onset]) then track("bad onset") --error("onset error:[" .. onset .. "]") end if not (coda == "" or codas[coda]) then track("bad coda") --error("coda error:[" .. coda .. "]") end end return syllables end

local function phoneme_is_short_vowel(phoneme) return rfind(phoneme, "^[aɛeiɔouy]$") end

local function detect_accent(syllables, is_prefix, is_suffix) -- Manual override for i=1,#syllables do		for j=1,#syllables[i] do			if syllables[i][j] == "ˈ" then table.remove(syllables[i],j) return i			end end end -- Prefixes have no accent. if is_prefix then return -1 end -- Suffixes have an accent only if the stress would be on the suffix when the -- suffix is part of a word. Don't get tripped up by the first syllable being -- nonsyllabic (e.g. in -rnus). if is_suffix then local syllables_with_vowel = #syllables - (get_vowel(syllables[1]) and 0 or 1) if syllables_with_vowel < 2 then return -1 end if syllables_with_vowel == 2 then local penult = syllables[#syllables - 1] if phoneme_is_short_vowel(penult[#penult]) then return -1 end end end -- Detect accent placement if #syllables > 2 then -- Does the penultimate syllable end in a single vowel? local penult = syllables[#syllables - 1] if phoneme_is_short_vowel(penult[#penult]) then return #syllables - 2 else return #syllables - 1 end elseif #syllables == 2 then return #syllables - 1 elseif #syllables == 1 then return #syllables       --mark stress on monosyllables so that stress-conditioned sound rules work correctly. Then, delete it prior to display end end

local function convert_word(word, phonetic, eccl, vul) -- Normalize i/j/u/v; do this before removing breves, so we keep the -- ŭ in langŭī (perfect of languēscō) as a vowel. word = rsub(word, "w", "v") word = rsub(word, "(" .. vowels_c .. ")v(" .. non_vowels_c .. ")", "%1u%2") word = rsub(word, "qu", "qv") word = rsub(word, "ngu(" .. vowels_c .. ")", "ngv%1") word = rsub(word, "^i(" .. vowels_c .. ")", "j%1") word = rsub(word, "^u(" .. vowels_c .. ")", "v%1") -- Per the August 31 2019 recommendation by User:Brutal Russian in	-- Module talk:la-pronunc, we convert i/j between vowels to jj if the -- preceding vowel is short but to single j if the preceding vowel is long. word = rsub(		word,		"(" .. vowels_c .. ")([iju])",		function (vowel, potential_consonant, pos)			if vowels_string:find(usub(word, pos, pos)) then				if potential_consonant == "u" then					return vowel .. "v"				else					if long_vowels_string:find(vowel) then						return vowel .. "j"					else						return vowel .. "jj"					end				end			end		end)

--Convert v to u syllable-finally word = rsub(word, "v%.", "u.") word = rsub(word, "v$", "u")

-- Convert i to j before vowel and after any prefix that ends in a consonant, -- per the August 23 2019 discussion in Module talk:la-pronunc. for _, pref in ipairs(cons_ending_prefixes) do word = rsub(word, "^(" .. pref .. ")i(" .. vowels_c .. ")", "%1j%2") end

-- Ecclesiastical has neither geminate j.j, nor geminate w.w in Greek words if eccl then word = rsub(word, "(" .. vowels_c .. ")u([.ˈ]?)v(" .. vowels_c .. ")", "%1%2v%3") word = rsub(word, "(" .. vowels_c .. ")j([.ˈ]?)j(" .. vowels_c .. ")", "%1%2j%3") end

-- Convert z to zz between vowels so that the syllable weight and stress assignment will be correct. word = rsub(word, "(" .. vowels_c .. ")z(" .. vowels_c .. ")", "%1zz%2")

if eccl then word = rsub(word, "(" .. vowels_c .. ")ti(" .. vowels_c .. ")", "%1tt͡si%2") end

-- Now remove breves. word = rsub(word, "([ăĕĭŏŭ])", remove_breves) -- BREVE sits uncombined in y+breve and vowel-macron + breve word = rsub(word, BREVE, "") -- Normalize aë, oë; do this after removing breves but before any -- other normalizations involving e.	word = rsub(word, "([ao])ë", "%1.e")

-- Eu and ei diphthongs word = rsub(word, "e(u[ms])$", "e.%1") word = rsub(word, "ei", "e.i") word = rsub(word, "_", "") -- Vowel length before nasal + fricative is allophonic word = rsub(word, "([āēīōūȳ])([mn][fs])",		function(vowel, nasalfric)			return remove_macrons[vowel] .. nasalfric		end	)

local vowel_before_yod = { ["a"] = "āj", ["e"] = "ēj", ["o"] = "ōj", ["u"] = "ūj", ["y"] = "ȳ", }   if eccl then word = rsub(word, "([aeiouy])([j])", vowel_before_yod) end -- Apply some basic phoneme-level assimilations for Ecclesiastical, which reads as written; in living varieties the assimilations were phonetic -- Italian (and therefore, by implication, Ecclesiastical Latin) does not show assimilation in clusters like /bk/ -- Source: "How can Italian phonology lack voice assimilation?", by Bálint Huszthy (2019): https://www.academia.edu/39347303/How_can_Italian_phonology_lack_voice_assimilation word = rsub(word, "xs", "x")

-- Per May 10 2019 discussion in Module talk:la-pronunc, we syllabify -- prefixes ab-, ad-, ob-, sub- separately from following l or r.	word = rsub(word, "^a([bd])([lr])", "a%1.%2") word = rsub(word, "^ob([lr])", "ob.%1") word = rsub(word, "^sub([lr])", "sub.%1")

-- Remove hyphens indicating prefixes or suffixes; do this after the above, -- some of which are sensitive to beginning or end of word and shouldn't	-- apply to end of prefix or beginning of suffix. local is_prefix, is_suffix word, is_prefix = rsubb(word, "%-$", "") word, is_suffix = rsubb(word, "^%-", "")

-- Convert word to IPA local phonemes = letters_to_ipa(word,phonetic,eccl,vul) -- Split into syllables local syllables = split_syllables(phonemes) -- Add accent local accent = detect_accent(syllables, is_prefix, is_suffix) -- poetic meter shows that a consonant before "h" was syllabified as an onset, not as a coda. -- Based on outcome of talk page discussion, this will be indicated by the omission of /h/ [h] in this context. word = rsub(word, "([^aeɛiɪoɔuʊyʏe̯u̯ptk])([.ˈ]?)h", "%1")

for i, syll in ipairs(syllables) do		for j, phoneme in ipairs(syll) do			if eccl or vul then syll[j] = rsub(syll[j], "ː", "") elseif phonetic then syll[j] = lax_vowel[syll[j]] or syll[j] end end end for i, syll in ipairs(syllables) do		if (eccl or vul) and i == accent and phonetic and vowels[syll[#syll]] then syll[#syll] = lengthen_vowel[syll[#syll]] or syll[#syll] end for j=1, #syll-1 do			if syll[j]==syll[j+1] then syll[j+1] = "" end end end

-- Atonic /ɔ/ and /ɛ/ merge with /o/ and /e/ respectively

for i, syll in ipairs(syllables) do		syll = table.concat(syll) if vul and i ~= accent then syll = rsub(syll, "ɔ", "o") syll = rsub(syll, "ɛ", "e") end if eccl and phonetic and i == accent then syll = rsub(syll, "o", "ɔ") syll = rsub(syll, "e", "ɛ") end syllables[i] = (i == accent and "ˈ" or "") .. syll end

word = (rsub(table.concat(syllables, "."), "%.ˈ", "ˈ")) if #syllables == 1 then word = rsub(word, "^ˈ", "")  --remove word-initial accent marks in monosyllables end

if eccl then word = rsub(word, "([^aeɛioɔu])ʃ([.ˈ]?)ʃ", "%1%2ʃ")    -- replace ʃ.ʃ or ʃˈʃ with .ʃ or ˈʃ after any consonant end

if not eccl then word = rsub(word, "j", "i̯")      -- normalize glide spelling word = rsub(word, "w", "u̯") end if phonetic then local rules = eccl and phonetic_rules_eccl or (vul and phonetic_rules_vul or phonetic_rules) for i, rule in ipairs(rules) do			word = rsub(word, rule[1], rule[2]) end

word = rsub(word, "[.]", "")      --remove the dots! >_<	end

if not eccl then word = rsub(word, "j", "i̯")      -- normalize glide spelling word = rsub(word, "w", "u̯") end

if phonetic then word = rsub(word, "(%a([̪̠̯]?))%1", "%1" .. LONG)      --convert double consonants into long ones word = rsub(word, "ːː", "ː") end

return word end

local function initial_canonicalize_text(text) -- Call ulower even though it's also called in phoneticize, -- in case convert_words is called externally. text = ulower(text) text = rsub(text, '[,?!:;"]', '')	text = rsub(text, '[æœ]', remove_ligatures)	return text end

function export.convert_words(text, phonetic, eccl, vul) text = initial_canonicalize_text(text) local disallowed = rsub(text, '[a-z%-āēīōūȳăĕĭŏŭë,.?!:;\'"_ ' .. BREVE .. ']', '')	if ulen(disallowed) > 0 then		if ulen(disallowed) == 1 then			error('The character "' .. disallowed .. '" is not allowed.')		else			error('The characters "' .. disallowed .. '" are not allowed.')		end		end	local result = {}	for word in mw.text.gsplit(text, " ") do		table.insert(result, convert_word(word, phonetic, eccl, vul))	end	return table.concat(result, " ") end

-- Phoneticize Latin TEXT. Return a list of one or more phoneticizations, -- each of which is a two-element list {PHONEMIC, PHONETIC}. If ECCL, use -- Ecclesiastical pronunciation. If VUL, use Vulgar Latin pronunciation. -- Otherwise, use Classical pronunciation. function export.phoneticize(text, eccl, vul) local function do_phoneticize(text, eccl, vul) return { export.convert_words(text, false, eccl, vul), export.convert_words(text, true, eccl, vul), }	end

text = ulower(text) -- If we have a macron-breve sequence, generate two pronunciations, one for -- the long vowel and one for the short. if rfind(text, "[āēīōūȳ]" .. BREVE) then local longvar = rsub(text, "([āēīōūȳ])" .. BREVE, "%1") local shortvar = rsub(text, "([āēīōūȳ])" .. BREVE, macrons_to_breves) local longipa = do_phoneticize(longvar, eccl, vul) local shortipa = do_phoneticize(shortvar, eccl, vul) -- Make sure long and short variants are actually different (they won't		-- be in Ecclesiastical pronunciation). if not require("Module:table").deepEquals(longipa, shortipa) then return {longipa, shortipa} else return {longipa} end elseif rfind(text, ";") then local tautosyllabicvar = rsub(text, ";", "") local heterosyllabicvar = rsub(text, ";", ".") local tautosyllabicipa = do_phoneticize(tautosyllabicvar, eccl, vul) local heterosyllabicipa = do_phoneticize(heterosyllabicvar, eccl, vul) if not require("Module:table").deepEquals(tautosyllabicipa, heterosyllabicipa) then return {tautosyllabicipa, heterosyllabicipa} else return {tautosyllabicipa} end else return {do_phoneticize(text, eccl, vul)} end end

local function make_row(phoneticizations, dials) local full_pronuns = {} for _, phoneticization in ipairs(phoneticizations) do		local phonemic = phoneticization[1] local phonetic = phoneticization[2] local IPA_args = table.insert(IPA_args, {pron = '[' .. phonetic .. ']'}) table.insert(full_pronuns, m_IPA.format_IPA_full { lang = lang, items = IPA_args }) end return m_a.format_qualifiers(lang, dials) .. ' ' .. table.concat(full_pronuns, ' or ') end

function export.show_full(frame) local params = { [1] = {default = mw.title.getCurrentTitle.nsText == 'Template' and 'īnspīrāre' or mw.title.getCurrentTitle.text}, classical = {type = "boolean", default = true}, cl = {type = "boolean", alias_of = "classical", default = true}, ecclesiastical = {type = "boolean", default = true}, eccl = {type = "boolean", alias_of = "ecclesiastical", default = true}, vul = {type = "boolean", default = false}, ann = {}, accent = {list = true}, indent = {} }	local parent_args = frame:getParent.args local function unrecognized_boolean(val) return val and val ~= "" and val ~= "1" and val ~= "0" and val ~= "yes" and val ~= "no" and val ~= "true" and val ~= "false" and val ~= "y" and val ~= "n" and val ~= "on" and val ~= "+" and val ~= "-" end

-- temporary tracking for strange boolean values for _, arg in ipairs {"classical", "cl", "ecclesiastical", "eccl", "vul"} do		if unrecognized_boolean(parent_args[arg]) then track("unrecognized-boolean") track("unrecognized-boolean/" .. arg) end end

local args = require("Module:parameters").process(parent_args, params) local text = args[1] local categories = {} local accent = args.accent

local indent = (args.indent or "*") .. " "	local out = '' if args.indent then out = indent end if args.classical then out = out .. make_row(export.phoneticize(text, false, false), #accent > 0 and accent or {'Classical'}) elseif not args.vul then table.insert(categories, lang:getCanonicalName .. ' terms with Ecclesiastical IPA pronunciation only') end local anntext = (		args.ann == "1" and "" .. rsub(text, "[.'_]", "") .. ": " or		args.ann and "" .. args.ann .. ": " or		"")

out = anntext .. out if args.ecclesiastical then if args.classical or args.vul then out = out .. '\n' .. indent .. anntext end out = out .. make_row(			export.phoneticize(text, true, false),			#accent > 0 and accent or {'Ecclesiastical'}		) end return out .. require("Module:utilities").format_categories(categories) end

function export.show(text, phonetic, eccl, vul) if type(text) == "table" then -- assume a frame eccl = text.args["eccl"] vul = text.args["vul"] text = text.args[1] or mw.title.getCurrentTitle.text end if vul then phonetic = true end return export.convert_words(text, phonetic, eccl, vul) end

function export.allophone(word, eccl, vul) return export.show(word, true, eccl, vul) end

return export

title: Module:la-pronunc


text: Template:la-IPA

title: Template:la-IPA


text: Es.

title: Es.


text:
lyspære

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a light bulb

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a light bulb

title: lyspære