text:
Module:vi

---Lexicographic tools for Vietnamese language text. local m_str_utils = require("Module:string utilities")

local find = m_str_utils.find local format = mw.ustring.format local gmatch = m_str_utils.gmatch local gsub = m_str_utils.gsub local len = m_str_utils.len local lower = m_str_utils.lower local match = m_str_utils.match local toNFC = mw.ustring.toNFC local toNFD = mw.ustring.toNFD local u = m_str_utils.char local upper = m_str_utils.upper

local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("vi")

local export = {}

---Converts the given text to traditional tone marks. function export.toTraditionalTones(text) if type(text) == "table" then text = text.args[1] end return (gsub(text, "%a+", function (word) if match(word, "^qu[yýỳỷỹỵ]$") then return word end return (gsub(word, "%a%a$", { ["oá"] = "óa", ["oà"] = "òa", ["oả"] = "ỏa", ["oã"] = "õa", ["oạ"] = "ọa", ["oé"] = "óe", ["oè"] = "òe", ["oẻ"] = "ỏe", ["oẽ"] = "õe", ["oẹ"] = "ọe", ["uý"] = "úy", ["uỳ"] = "ùy", ["uỷ"] = "ủy", ["uỹ"] = "ũy", ["uỵ"] = "ụy" }))	end)) end

---Converts the given text to reformed tone marks. function export.toReformedTones(text) if type(text) == "table" then text = text.args[1] end return (gsub(text, "%a+", function (word) return (gsub(word, "%a%a$", { ["óa"] = "oá", ["òa"] = "oà", ["ỏa"] = "oả", ["õa"] = "oã", ["ọa"] = "oạ", ["óe"] = "oé", ["òe"] = "oè", ["ỏe"] = "oẻ", ["õe"] = "oẽ", ["ọe"] = "oẹ", ["úy"] = "uý", ["ùy"] = "uỳ", ["ủy"] = "uỷ", ["ũy"] = "uỹ", ["ụy"] = "uỵ" }))	end)) end

---Generate alternative orthographies. function export.allSpellings(main_spelling, makeLinks) local frame = nil if type(main_spelling) == "table" then frame = main_spelling main_spelling, makeLinks = frame.args[1], frame.args.link end local xformers = { export.toTraditionalTones, export.toReformedTones, }	local spellings = {} for i, xformer in ipairs(xformers) do		local alt_spelling = xformer(main_spelling) if not spellings[alt_spelling] then table.insert(spellings, alt_spelling) spellings[alt_spelling] = true end end if makeLinks then local m_links = require("Module:links") -- Module:links for k, link in ipairs(spellings) do			spellings[k] = m_links.full_link({lang = lang, term = link}) end end return frame and table.concat(spellings, "/") or spellings end

---Unicode codepoints for combining Vietnamese tone marks. export.combiningToneMarks = u(	0x300, -- à	0x301,  -- á	0x303,  -- ã	0x309,  -- ả	0x323   -- ạ )

---Unicode codepoints for combining Vietnamese accent marks. export.combiningAccentMarks = u(	0x302, -- â	0x306,  -- ă	0x31b   -- ơ )

---Strips Vietnamese diacritical marks from the given text. -- @param tones    Set to “0” to leave tone marks intact. -- @param accents  Set to “0” to leave accent marks intact. -- @param đ        Set to “0” to leave “Đ” and “đ” intact. function export.removeDiacritics(text, toneMarks, accentMarks, stroke) if type(text) == "table" then text, toneMarks, accentMarks, stroke = text.args[1], not text.args.tones or tonumber(text.args.tones) == 1, not text.args.accents or tonumber(text.args.accents) == 1, not text.args["đ"] or tonumber(text.args["đ"]) == 1 end text = toNFD(text) if toneMarks then text = gsub(text, "[" .. export.combiningToneMarks .. "]", "") end if accentMarks then text = gsub(text, "[" .. export.combiningAccentMarks .. "]", "") end if stroke then text = gsub(text, "[Đđ]", {["Đ"] = "D", ["đ"] = "d"}) end return toNFC(text) end

---Vietnamese letters for use in comp. export.letters = "aAàÀảẢãÃáÁạẠăĂằẰẳẲẵẴắẮặẶâÂầẦẩẨẫẪấẤậẬbBcCdDđĐeEèÈẻẺẽẼéÉẹẸêÊềỀểỂễỄếẾệỆfFgGhHiIìÌỉỈĩĨíÍịỊjJkKlLmMnNoOòÒỏỎõÕóÓọỌôÔồỒổỔỗỖốỐộỘơƠờỜởỞỡỠớỚợỢpPqQrRsStTuUùÙủỦũŨúÚụỤưƯừỪửỬữỮứỨựỰvVwWxXyYỳỲỷỶỹỸýÝỵỴzZ"

---Compare two syllables according to Vietnamese dictionary sorting order. function export.compWord(word1, word2) if find(word1, word2, 1, true) == 0 then return false end if find(word2, word1, 1, true) == 0 then return true end do local func1, static1, var1 = gmatch(word1, "[" .. export.letters .. "]") local func2, static2, var2 = gmatch(word2, "[" .. export.letters .. "]") while true do			local c1 = func1(static1, var1) local c2 = func2(static2, var2) if c1 == nil or c2 == nil then break end local idx1 = find(export.letters, c1, 1, true) local idx2 = find(export.letters, c2, 1, true) if idx1 and idx2 then if idx1 < idx2 then return true end if idx1 > idx2 then return false end end end end return word1 < word2 end

---Compare two strings according to Vietnamese dictionary sorting order. function export.comp(text1, text2) if text1 == text2 then return false end do local func1, static1, var1 = gmatch(text1, "%a+") local func2, static2, var2 = gmatch(text2, "%a+") while true do			local word1 = func1(static1, var1) local word2 = func2(static2, var2) if word1 == nil then return true end if word2 == nil then return false end if word1 ~= word2 then local lower1 = lower(word1) local lower2 = lower(word2) local noTones1 = export.removeDiacritics(lower1, true, false, false) local noTones2 = export.removeDiacritics(lower2, true, false, false) -- Compare base letters. if noTones1 ~= noTones2 then return export.compWord(noTones1, noTones2) end -- Compare letters case-insensitively. if lower1 ~= lower2 then return export.compWord(lower1, lower2) end -- Compare letters including tones. assert(word1 ~= word2) return export.compWord(word1, word2) end end end return text1 < text2 end

-- pruby variable for phien thiet hyperlinks (used by export.readings and export.ruby) local pruby = {}

---Abbreviations and text for Han tu references (used by export.createRefTag) ---Beer parlour/2018/December export.refAbbreviations = { tvctdhv = "Trần (1999)"; hvttd = "Nguyễn (1974)"; vntd = "Văn Mới (1954)"; tchvtd = "Thiều Chửu (1942)"; tdcndg = "Nguyễn (2014)", tdcntd = "Nguyễn et al. (2009)", gdhn = "Trần (2004)", dtdcn = "Vũ (1998)", btcn = "Hồ (1976)", bonet = "Bonet (1899)", genibrel = "Génibrel (1898)", taberd = "Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838)", }

---Creates a ref tag containing Template:vi-ref. ---Expands abbreviations using export.refAbbreviations. function export.createRefTag(ref) local refFullName = export.refAbbreviations[ref] or ref return mw.getCurrentFrame:extensionTag{ name = "ref", args = { name = ref, },		content = format("", refFullName), } end

---Template:vi-readings function export.readings(hanviet, nom, rs, phienthiet, reading) local pagename = mw.title.getCurrentTitle.text if type(hanviet) == "table" then local args = hanviet:getParent.args hanviet, nom, rs, phienthiet, reading = args.hanviet or args.hv, args.nom or args.n, args.rs or args.sort, args.phienthiet or args.phth or args.fanqie, args.reading or args.readings end local lines = {} local styles = { {			link = "Hán Việt", cat = "Vietnamese Chữ Hán", list = hanviet and mw.text.split(hanviet, "%s*,%s*"), phienthiet = phienthiet and mw.text.split(phienthiet, "%s*,%s*") },		{			link = "chữ Nôm|Nôm", cat = "Vietnamese Nom", list = nom and mw.text.split(nom, "%s*,%s*"), },		{			link = "Hán Nôm", cat = "Vietnamese Han characters with unconfirmed readings", list = reading and mw.text.split(reading, "%s*,%s*") },	}	for i, style in ipairs(styles) do		if style.list and #style.list > 0 and #style.list[1] > 0 then local readings = style.list --			table.sort(readings, export.comp) for j, reading in ipairs(readings) do

local ref local a, b = match(reading, "(.-)%s*%-%s*(.+)") if a then reading, ref = a, b				end

local spellings = export.allSpellings(reading, true) readings[j] = table.concat(spellings, "/") -- Linking of "切" to "fanqie" for English explanation if style.phienthiet and style.phienthiet[j] then pruby = "link" local ruby = export.ruby(match(mw.text.trim(style.phienthiet[j]), "(%a+) +(.+)")) pruby = {} if ruby then pruby = "nocolor" local suffix = export.ruby("切", "thiết") pruby = {} readings[j] = format("%s (%s%s)",							readings[j], ruby, suffix) end end

-- References if ref then for ref in mw.text.gsplit(ref, "%s*;%s*") do readings[j] = readings[j] .. export.createRefTag(ref) end end end if #readings > 0 then local sortkey = rs or mw.title.getCurrentTitle.text readings = table.concat(readings, ", ") table.insert(lines, format(" %s : %s readings: %s  ", pagename, style.link, readings, style.cat, sortkey)) end end end return table.concat(lines, "\n") end

---Template:vi-ruby function export.ruby(characters, readings, mark, alts) if type(characters) == "table" then local args = characters:getParent.args characters, readings, mark, alts = args[1] or "", args[2] or "", args.mark or mw.title.getCurrentTitle.text, ((args.alts and mw.text.split(args.alts, "%s+")) or				(args.ids and mw.text.split(args.ids, "%s+")) or {}) end if not readings then return characters end readings = mw.text.split(readings, "[^" .. export.letters .. "]+") local result = {} local character_idx = 1 local alt_idx = 1 for character in gmatch(characters, ".") do		local is_alt = false if character == "*" and alts[alt_idx] then character = alts[alt_idx] is_alt = true alt_idx = alt_idx + 1 end if is_alt or (match(character, "^%a$") and not character:match("^%w$")) then local reading = readings[character_idx] if mark and character == mark then character = format(" %s ", character) reading = format(" %s ", reading) end if pruby == 'link' then character = format(					"  %s ( %s ) ",					character, character, reading, reading) end if pruby == 'nocolor' then character = format(					"  %s ( %s ) ",					character, reading) end if pruby ~= 'link' and pruby ~= 'nocolor' then character = format(					" <rb> %s </rb><rp>(</rp><rt> %s </rt><rp>)</rp> ",					character, reading) end character_idx = character_idx + 1 end table.insert(result, character) end return format(" %s ", table.concat(result)) end

function export.hantutab local HaniChars = require("Module:scripts").getByCode("Hani"):getCharacters local hantu = gsub(mw.title.getCurrentTitle.text, '[^' .. HaniChars .. ']', '') local table_head = ' ' end

---Returns the categories indicated by the given wikitext. function export.classifierCategories(frame) local src = frame.args[1] local classifiers = {} for classifier in gmatch(gsub(src, "<[^>]->", ""), "[" .. export.letters .. "]+") do		if classifier ~= "l" and classifier ~= "vi" and classifier ~= "vi-l" and classifier ~= "Vietnamese" then local cat = format("",				classifier) table.insert(classifiers, cat) end end return table.concat(classifiers) end

function export.new(frame) local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle.subpageText local args = frame:getParent.args local pos = args[1] or "" local def = args[2] or "" local pos2 = args[3] or (args[4] and "" or false) local def2 = args[4] or "" local pos3 = args[5] or (args[6] and "" or false) local def3 = args[6] or "" local etym = args["e"] or false local head = args["head"] or false local cat = args["cat"] or false local reg = args["reg"] or false local cls = args["cls"] or false local rdp = args["rdp"] or false local nom = args["nom"] or false local pic = args["pic"] or false local picc = args["picc"] or false nom = nom and gsub(nom, "(.)", "%1, ") or false nom = nom and gsub(nom, ", $", "") or false if args["h"] then etym = "." end if not etym and match(title, " ") then etym = "🇰🇲." end if etym == "-" then etym = false end if etym then etym = gsub(etym, "^%<", "From") end local result = "" local function genTitle(text) local pos_title = { [""] = "Noun", ["n"] = "Noun", ["pn"] = "Proper noun", ["propn"] = "Proper noun", ["pron"] = "Pronoun", ["v"] = "Verb", ["vf"] = "Verb", ["a"] = "Adjective", ["adj"] = "Adjective", ["adv"] = "Adverb", ["prep"] = "Preposition", ["postp"] = "Postposition", ["conj"] = "Conjunction", ["part"] = "Particle", ["suf"] = "Suffix", ["prov"] = "Proverb", ["id"] = "Idiom", ["ph"] = "Phrase", ["intj"] = "Interjection", ["interj"] = "Interjection", ["cl"] = "Classifier", ["cls"] = "Classifier", ["num"] = "Numeral", ["abb"] = "Abbreviation", ["deter"] = "Determiner" };		return pos_title[text] or upper(sub(text, 1, 1)) .. sub(text, 2, -1) end local function genHead(text) local pos_head = { [""] = "noun", ["n"] = "noun", ["pn"] = "proper noun", ["propn"] = "proper noun", ["v"] = "verb", ["vf"] = "verb form", ["a"] = "adj", ["postp"] = "post", ["conj"] = "conj", ["part"] = "particle", ["pron"] = "pronoun", ["prov"] = "proverb", ["id"] = "idiom", ["ph"] = "phrase", ["intj"] = "interj", ["abb"] = "abbr", ["cl"] = "classifier", ["deter"] = "det" };		return pos_head[text] or text end local function other(class, title, args) local code = "" if class == "der" and args[class] then code = code .. "\n\n===" .. title .. "===\n" elseif args[class] then code = code .. "\n\n===" .. title .. "===\n* " i = 2 while args[class .. i] do code = code .. "\n* " i = i + 1 end end return code end result = result .. "==Vietnamese==" if args["wp"] then result = result .. "\n" end if pic then result = result .. "\n" end result = result .. other("alt", "Alternative forms", args) if etym then result = result .. "\n\n===Etymology===\n" .. etym end result = result .. "\n\n===Pronunciation===\n" result = result .. "\n\n===" .. genTitle(pos) .. "===\n\n\n# " .. def result = result .. other("syn", "=Synonyms=", args) result = result .. other("ant", "=Antonyms=", args) result = result .. other("der", "=Derived terms=", args) result = result .. other("also", "=See also=", args) if pos2 then result = result .. "\n\n===" .. genTitle(pos2) .. "===\n\n\n# " .. def2 end if pos3 then result = result .. "\n\n===" .. genTitle(pos3) .. "===\n\n\n# " .. def3 end if cat then result = result .. "\n\n" end return result end

function export.new_der(frame) local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle.subpageText local data_module = require("Module:vi/vocab-list") local args = frame:getParent.args local result = {} for _, arg in ipairs(args) do		table.insert(result, arg) end for _, word in ipairs(data_module) do if find(word, title) and word ~= title and not find(word, title .. "[^ ]") and not find(word, "[^ ]" .. title) then table.insert(result, word) end end local hash, res = {}, {} for _, element in ipairs(result) do		if not hash[element] then res[#res + 1] = element hash[element] = true end end local vi_sort_module = require("Module:vi-sortkey") local makeSortKey = require("Module:fun").memoize(vi_sort_module.makeSortKey) table.sort(res, function(term1, term2) return makeSortKey(term1) < makeSortKey(term2) end) return "" end

function export.derived(frame) local tu_lay_note = " (từ láy) " local m_columns = require("Module:columns") local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("vi") local m_links = require("Module:links") local args = frame:getParent.args local pagename = mw.title.getCurrentTitle.text local result = {} local length = 0 unfold = args["unfold"] and true or false title = args["title"] or false title_text = title or "Derived terms"

for i, word in ipairs(args) do		word, is_tu_lay = gsub(word, "%:tl", "") tu_lay = is_tu_lay > 0 and tu_lay_note or "" local word_parts = mw.text.split(gsub(word, "\n", "" ), ":") table.insert(result, m_links.full_link({ lang = lang, term = word_parts[1], gloss = word_parts[2] or nil }) ..		tu_lay) length = math.max(len(word), length) end return m_columns.create_table(			(length > 15 and 2 or 3), 			result, 			1, 			"#F5F5FF",			((unfold or #result < 7) and false or true), 			"Derived terms",			title_text, 			nil, 			nil,			lang		) end

return export

title: Module:vi


text:
舌先三寸

Etymology
. Literary translation of Chinese (> ).

Noun

 * 1) using lip service to trick someone

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 舌先三寸


text:
Module:vi/documentation

This module provides lexicographic tools for Vietnamese language text.

Usage
In a template:
 * →
 * →
 * →
 * →
 * →
 * →

In another module: causes  to hold:

For best results, call  or   on each string before sorting them using.

vi:Mô đun:Quốc ngữ

title: Module:vi/documentation


text:
あしらう

Verb

 * 1) treat, deal with

title: あしらう


text: viskipriskākā

title: viskipriskākā


text: viscilvēciskākā

title: viscilvēciskākā


text: viscilvēcīgākā

title: viscilvēcīgākā


text: vishumānākā

title: vishumānākā


text: vishumānistiskākā

title: vishumānistiskākā


text: viskipriskākās

title: viskipriskākās


text: viscilvēciskākās

title: viscilvēciskākās


text: viscilvēcīgākās

title: viscilvēcīgākās


text: vishumānākās

title: vishumānākās


text: vishumānistiskākās

title: vishumānistiskākās


text:
ἱστορικός

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) exact, precise, scientific
 * 2) belonging or pertaining to history, historical

Noun

 * 1) historian

title: ἱστορικός


text:
viskipriskāk

Adverb

 * 1) most Cypriot, in a most Cypriot way;

title: viskipriskāk


text:
viscilvēciskāk

Adverb

 * 1) most human, most humanly;

title: viscilvēciskāk


text:
viscilvēcīgāk

Adverb

 * 1) most humane, most humanely;

title: viscilvēcīgāk


text:
vishumānāk

Adverb

 * 1) most humane, most compassionate, most humanely, most compassionately;

title: vishumānāk


text:
vishumānistiskāk

Adverb

 * 1) most humanistic, most humanistically;

title: vishumānistiskāk


text: viskipriskākajam

title: viskipriskākajam


text: viscilvēciskākajam

title: viscilvēciskākajam


text: viscilvēcīgākajam

title: viscilvēcīgākajam


text:
kavim

Etymology
, from, from.

Noun

 * 1)  A group of people who share a common culture, language, traditions, as well as ancestry; a people, nation, tribe.

title: kavim


text: kavmim

title: kavmim


text: kavmin

title: kavmin


text: kavmi

title: kavmi


text: Absalone

title: Absalone


text:
Acquacheta

Etymology
From 🇰🇲.

title: Acquacheta


text: vishumānākajam

title: vishumānākajam


text: vishumānistiskākajam

title: vishumānistiskākajam


text: viskipriskākajām

title: viskipriskākajām


text: viscilvēciskākajām

title: viscilvēciskākajām


text:
transcompiler

Noun

 * 1)  A translating compiler that takes the source code of a programming language as its input and outputs the source code into either another programming language or an older version of the same language.

title: transcompiler


text:
Acri

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Acri is the 39659th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 554 individuals. Acri is most common among White (95.85%) individuals.

title: Acri


text: viscilvēcīgākajām

title: viscilvēcīgākajām


text: vishumānākajām

title: vishumānākajām


text: vishumānistiskākajām

title: vishumānistiskākajām


text: viskipriskākie

title: viskipriskākie


text: viskipriskākajiem

title: viskipriskākajiem


text: viskipriskākajā

title: viskipriskākajā


text: viscilvēciskākie

title: viscilvēciskākie


text: viscilvēciskākajiem

title: viscilvēciskākajiem


text: viscilvēciskākajā

title: viscilvēciskākajā


text: viscilvēcīgākie

title: viscilvēcīgākie


text: viscilvēcīgākajiem

title: viscilvēcīgākajiem


text: viscilvēcīgākajā

title: viscilvēcīgākajā


text: vishumānākie

title: vishumānākie


text: vishumānākajiem

title: vishumānākajiem


text: vishumānākajā

title: vishumānākajā


text: vishumānistiskākie

title: vishumānistiskākie


text: viskipriskākos

title: viskipriskākos


text: viskipriskākajos

title: viskipriskākajos


text: viskipriskākajās

title: viskipriskākajās


text: viskipriskākajai

title: viskipriskākajai


text: viscilvēciskākos

title: viscilvēciskākos


text: viscilvēciskākajos

title: viscilvēciskākajos


text: viscilvēciskākajās

title: viscilvēciskākajās


text: viscilvēciskākajai

title: viscilvēciskākajai


text: viscilvēcīgākajos

title: viscilvēcīgākajos


text: viscilvēcīgākos

title: viscilvēcīgākos


text: viscilvēcīgākajās

title: viscilvēcīgākajās


text: viscilvēcīgākajai

title: viscilvēcīgākajai


text: vishumānākos

title: vishumānākos


text: vishumānākajos

title: vishumānākajos


text: vishumānākajās

title: vishumānākajās


text: vishumānākajai

title: vishumānākajai


text:
氷河期

Noun

 * 1) ice age period of extensive glaciation

title: 氷河期


text: vishumānistiskākos

title: vishumānistiskākos


text: vishumānistiskākajos

title: vishumānistiskākajos


text: vishumānistiskākajās

title: vishumānistiskākajās


text: vishumānistiskākajai

title: vishumānistiskākajai


text: vishumānistiskākajiem

title: vishumānistiskākajiem


text: vishumānistiskākajā

title: vishumānistiskākajā


text:
砕氷船

Etymology
Compound of 🇰🇲.

First cited in 1892.

Noun

 * 1)  icebreaker ship designed to break through ice

title: 砕氷船


text:
碎冰船

Noun

 * 1) iceboat, icebreaker

title: 碎冰船


text:
eigenartig

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) peculiar, characteristic
 * 2) strange, odd

title: eigenartig


text:
Template:ko-new/hj

==Korean==

title: Template:ko-new/hj


text:
eigenartigerweise

Adverb

 * 1) strangely, oddly

title: eigenartigerweise


text:
Eigenartigkeit

Noun

 * 1) peculiarity, characteristic
 * 2) strangeness, oddness

title: Eigenartigkeit


text: Eigenartigkeiten

title: Eigenartigkeiten


text: Alberigo

title: Alberigo


text:
Eigenart

Noun

 * 1) peculiarity, characteristic

title: Eigenart


text: Eigenarten

title: Eigenarten


text:
húm

Etymology
From, from , which has been compared to , but according to the Etymologisch Woordenboek this is extremely unlikely.

Noun

 * 1) twilight, dusk

title: húm


text:
afturelding

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) dawn, daybreak

title: afturelding


text:
яуым-төшөм

Noun

 * 1)  precipitation

title: яуым-төшөм


text:
dagrenning

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) dawn

title: dagrenning


text:
ҡырау

Etymology
From.

Cognate with 🇨🇬; 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  hoarfrost
 * 2) * Ural-batyr (Bashkir folk epic):
 * 1) * Ural-batyr (Bashkir folk epic):

title: ҡырау


text: Category:lv:Roofing

title: Category:lv:Roofing


text: Category:lv:Housing

title: Category:lv:Housing


text:
svif

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) flight, hovering, floating, gliding
 * 2) plankton
 * 3) swinging around, veering (e.g. of a ship)

title: svif


text:
Talk:teotl

Teotihuacan
should be in the list of "Derived terms", I think... Böri (talk) 10:18, 25 March 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:teotl


text:
Aletto

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Alecto

title: Aletto


text:
Alichino

Etymology
Possibly a corruption of.

Proper noun

 * 1) a fictitious devil from Hell in the
 * °N, °W
 * °N, °W

title: Alichino


text: Alichin

title: Alichin


text: Alleghieri

title: Alleghieri


text:
Alighieri

Etymology
From the name, derived from  +. Compare 🇨🇬.

Proper noun

 * , notably that of Dante

title: Alighieri


text: Category:ba:Weather

title: Category:ba:Weather


text:
томан

Etymology
From.

Unknown whether related to 🇨🇬 (🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, etc.)

Cognate with 🇨🇬; 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, etc.

Noun

 * 1)  fog; mist

title: томан


text:
Altaforte

Proper noun

 * 1) Hautefort

title: Altaforte


text: Hautefort

title: Hautefort


text: andovvi

title: andovvi


text:
Module:vi/testcases

-- Unit tests for Module:vi. Click talk page to run tests. local p = require("Module:UnitTests") local m_vi = require("Module:vi")

-- helper functions

function p:check_sort(input, expected) table.sort(input, m_vi.comp) self:equals_deep("(sorting)", input, expected) end

function p:check_to_ref_tones(vi, expected) self:equals('' .. vi .. ' to reformed tones', m_vi.toReformedTones(vi), expected) end

function p:check_to_trad_tones(vi, expected) self:equals('' .. vi .. ' to traditional tones', m_vi.toTraditionalTones(vi), expected) end

-- tests

function p:test_shiftTones self:check_to_ref_tones("xóa", "xoá") self:check_to_ref_tones("cúi", "cúi") self:check_to_trad_tones("xoá", "xóa") self:check_to_trad_tones("quỹ", "quỹ") end

function p:test_removeDiacritics self:preprocess_equals("", "thay doi gan day") self:preprocess_equals("", "thay dỏi gàn day") self:preprocess_equals("", "thay dôi gân dây") self:preprocess_equals("", "thay đoi gan đay") self:preprocess_equals("", "thay doi gan day") self:preprocess_equals("", "thay đổi gần đây") end

function p:test_comp self:check_sort({"an ninh", "bóng rổ", "Ả Rập", "bóng đá", "ăn", "Á Châu", "ánh sáng"},       {"Ả Rập", "Á Châu", "an ninh", "ánh sáng", "ăn", "bóng đá", "bóng rổ"}) self:check_sort({"bọ mắt", "chí lý", "vi lượng đồng căn", "ly lông", "tháng trời"},       {"bọ mắt", "chí lý", "ly lông", "tháng trời", "vi lượng đồng căn"}) self:check_sort({"bọ mắt", "chí lý", "đá", "vi lượng đồng căn", "ly lông", "tháng trời"},       {"bọ mắt", "chí lý", "đá", "ly lông", "tháng trời", "vi lượng đồng căn"}) end

function p.sampleComp(frame) local t = {"an ninh", "bóng rổ", "Ả Rập", "bóng đá", "ăn", "Á Châu"} table.sort(t, m_vi.comp) return table.concat(t, ", ") end

return p

title: Module:vi/testcases


text: Angiolello

title: Angiolello


text:
㖿

Han character

 * 1) sound
 * 2) voice
 * 3) tone
 * 4) interjection
 * 5) hesitate, to harbour doubts

title: 㖿


text:
Anselmuccio

Proper noun

 * , but especially that of

title: Anselmuccio


text:
㗀

Han character

 * 1) (same as 呦 嚘) bleating of deer
 * 2) sound of insects

title: 㗀


text:
قاراچاي

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) brick-tea

title: قاراچاي


text:
㗁

Han character

 * 1) (same as 齶) roof of the mouth, palate

title: 㗁


text:
Antenora

Proper noun

 * 1) Antenor

title: Antenora


text:
Antenor

Proper noun

 * 1)  A son of Aesyetes

Translations

 * Italian:
 * Portuguese: Antenor

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) A noble Trojan and mythical founder of Patavium

Proper noun

 * 1)   a son of Aesyetes

title: Antenor


text:
Anteo

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Antaeus

title: Anteo


text: Anzi

title: Anzi


text:
㗃

Han character

 * 1) (same as 吻) lip
 * 2) tone of one's speech
 * 3) to kiss
 * 4) a kiss

title: 㗃


text:
Aragne

Proper noun

 * 1) Arachne

title: Aragne


text: 㗄

title: 㗄


text:
Arbia

Etymology
From.

title: Arbia


text:
ысыҡ

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  dew

title: ысыҡ


text:
㗅

Definitions

 * 1) throat

Definitions

 * 1)  to talk nonsense
 * 1)  to talk nonsense

title: 㗅


text:
Aretusa

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Arethusa nereid nymph who became a fountain

title: Aretusa


text:
㗆

Definitions

 * 1) sound of the ringed pheasant
 * 2) cackling of fowl
 * 3) (same as 嗝) to gag
 * 4) to vomit
 * 5) (a dialect) an auxiliary verb (almost same as 的)

title: 㗆


text:
Asdente

Proper noun

 * 1) the nickname of a medieval Italian magician and soothsayer

title: Asdente


text:
㗇

Han character

 * 1) to swallow
 * 2) gulp
 * 3) an auxiliary word, usually at the end of a sentence
 * 4) beg, request for something

title: 㗇


text:
Atamante

Proper noun

 * 1) Athamas

title: Atamante


text:
氷山

Noun

 * 1) iceberg

title: 氷山


text:
㗈

Definitions

 * 1) same as
 * 2) extended
 * 3) large

title: 㗈


text:
クラッシュドアイス

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) ice cube small piece of ice used for cooling drinks

title: クラッシュドアイス


text: ex-husbands

title: ex-husbands


text:
Aulide

Proper noun

 * 1) Aulis

title: Aulide


text:
demi-vie

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  half-life

title: demi-vie


text:
アイスコーヒー

Etymology
,

Noun

 * 1) iced coffee

title: アイスコーヒー


text:
㗉

Han character

 * 1) incisive
 * 2) (the large seal variant of 籀) to brand criminals on the face
 * 3) rob, plunder
 * 4) an edge
 * 5) a two-edged weapon
 * 6) sword

title: 㗉


text:
易経

Proper noun

 * 1) the I Ching

title: 易経


text:
Aventino

Etymology
From,.

Proper noun

 * 1) the Aventine Hill (one of the )

title: Aventino


text:
魚類学的

Adjective

 * 1) ichthyological

title: 魚類学的


text:
魚鱗癬

Noun

 * 1)  ichthyosis disease which gives the sufferer dry scaly skin

Noun

 * 1)  ichthyosis disease which gives the sufferer dry scaly skin

title: 魚鱗癬


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 癬

title: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 癬


text:
魚竜

Etymology
From, , from +.

Noun

 * 1) an ichthyosaur

title: 魚竜


text: Bacchiglione

title: Bacchiglione


text:
理想気体

Noun

 * 1) ideal gas hypothetical gas

title: 理想気体


text:
Barbariccia

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) a fictional devil from Hell in the
 * °N, °W
 * °N, °W

title: Barbariccia


text:
Talk:viverrine

Pronunciation
I've added some. Sources: http://www.howjsay.com/index.php?word=viverrine, http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/viverrine, http://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/viverrine, http://www.ultralingua.com/onlinedictionary/dictionary#src_lang=English&dest_lang=English&query=viverrine. Josh L. (talk) 12:12, 25 March 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:viverrine


text:
表意文字

Noun

 * 1) ideogram
 * 2) ideographic writing system

Noun

 * 1) ideogram

title: 表意文字


text:
User:WeirdSheepGuy98/Sandbox

Etymology
From the Latin word echinus (meaning hedgehog) and the suffix -form (from Latin word meaning a form, a figure, an outline, a shape, a contour, an appearance or looks)

Adjective

 * 1) Resembling small spines.

title: User:WeirdSheepGuy98/Sandbox


text: 癈人

title: 癈人


text:
入格

Noun

 * 1) illative case case used to indicate movement into something

Verb

 * 1)  to qualify; to reach a standard

Noun

 * 1) illative case case used to indicate movement into something

title: 入格


text:
aproveitar

Etymology
From (13th century, ). . Cognate with 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to profit
 * 2) to take advantage of, to make use of

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to take, appropriate
 * 2) to avail, to seize; utilize, to use
 * 3) to be useful
 * 4) to take advantage of; to benefit, to put to (good/better) use, to make (good/better) use of, to make the best of
 * 5) to harness; to utilize
 * 1) to harness; to utilize

title: aproveitar


text:
イリノイ

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) Illinois

title: イリノイ


text: atraentes

title: atraentes


text:
不滅

Verb

 * 1)  to not extinguish ; to not go out
 * 2)  to not disappear; to not vanish; to not be obliterated

Adjective

 * 1) immortal, indestructible

Noun

 * 1) immortality, indestructibility

title: 不滅


text:
echinuliform

Etymology
From,.

Adjective

 * 1) Resembling small spines.

title: echinuliform


text:
帰化植物

Noun

 * 1) immigrant plant, introduced species of plant

title: 帰化植物


text:
免疫系

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) an immune system

title: 免疫系


text:
免疫抑制剤

Noun

 * 1) immunosuppressant an immunosuppressive agent

title: 免疫抑制剤


text:
不自由

Etymology
Compound of

Adjective

 * 1) inconvenient
 * 2) impaired, disabled

Noun

 * 1) inconvenience
 * 2) impairment, disability

title: 不自由


text:
あぐらをかく

Verb

 * 1) sit crosslegged
 * 2)  rest on one's laurels

title: あぐらをかく


text: 胡坐

title: 胡坐


text:
爆縮

Noun

 * 1) implosion action of imploding

Verb

 * 1) implode

title: 爆縮


text: インパール

title: インパール


text:
enculȝe

Etymology
Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  coaxing

Usage notes

 * The word is only recorded once and the precise meaning is uncertain.

title: enculȝe


text:
コンビニエンスストア

Etymology
Borrowing from.

Noun

 * 1) a convenience store

title: コンビニエンスストア


text:
インプラント

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) implant anything surgically implanted in the body, usually dental implants

title: インプラント


text: konbiniensu sutoa

title: konbiniensu sutoa


text:
顎骨

Noun

 * 1) a jawbone

title: 顎骨


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 顎

title: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 顎


text:
loução

Etymology
From, from.

Adjective

 * 1)  characterised by or exhibiting elegance
 * Ond auẽo que un ome mui poderoſe loução
 * Whence came a very powerful and elegant man
 * Whence came a very powerful and elegant man

title: loução


text:
暗黙

Adjective

 * 1)  inaudible, silent, tacit, voiceless
 * 2)  unwritten

Noun

 * 1)  inaudibility, silence, tacitness, voicelessness
 * 2)  unwrittenness

title: 暗黙


text: louçãos

title: louçãos


text: louçãas

title: louçãas


text: louçãa

title: louçãa


text: Wiktionary:Foreign Word of the Day/2013/March 26


text: 砖茶

title: 砖茶


text:
印象派

Noun

 * 1) impressionism; impressionists

Noun

 * 1) impressionism movement in art, the impressionists

title: 印象派


text:
verhungern

Etymology
From, equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1)  to starve to death

title: verhungern


text: Wiktionary:Foreign Word of the Day/2013/March 27


text:
即席

Verb

 * 1)  to take one's seat

Adverb

 * 1) impromptu; extempore; off the cuff

Noun

 * 1) being impromptu, extemporaneous, off the cuff
 * 2) being instant of a beverage or food

title: 即席


text: fraldas

title: fraldas


text:
tẽevras

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  lack of light
 * Que aſſi como tẽeuras ⁊ luz departidos son.
 * Just like darkness and light are separate,
 * Just like darkness and light are separate,

title: tẽevras


text:
Rhymes:German/eːɐ̯t

Four syllables
de:Reim:Deutsch:-eːɐ̯t

title: Rhymes:German/eːɐ̯t


text:
grannon

Noun

 * 1)  and
 * ⁊ o cãbiador cõ ſanna depenaua ſeus grannões.
 * And the moneylender angrily plucked his beard.
 * And the moneylender angrily plucked his beard.

title: grannon


text:
moleira

Etymology
From (13th century, ):, referring to the unossified calvaria of babies.

Noun

 * 1) fontanelle
 * 2) top of the head; head
 * 1) top of the head; head

Etymology
, referring to the  of babies.

Noun

 * 1) the  of the
 * ca ficou todo britado. dos pees tro ena moleira
 * that he became all bruised, from the feet to the top of the head.
 * that he became all bruised, from the feet to the top of the head.

Noun

 * 1) fontanelle soft spot on the head of babies

title: moleira


text:
Beccheria

Proper noun

 * , an

title: Beccheria


text:
ぐらつく

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) wobble, shake
 * 2) be unsteady (of feelings, finances, etc.)
 * 1) be unsteady (of feelings, finances, etc.)

title: ぐらつく


text:
Beccaria

Etymology
or,. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬, among others. .

Proper noun

 * , 18th-century Italian criminologist and philosopher
 * , 18th-century Italian criminologist and philosopher

title: Beccaria


text: 顰めっ面

title: 顰めっ面


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 顰

title: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 顰


text:
Bianco

Proper noun

 * 1)  especially popular in Tuscany

title: Bianco


text: Bisenzo

title: Bisenzo


text: Template:list:fidalgo/roa-opt

title: Template:list:fidalgo/roa-opt


text:
Bisenzio

Etymology
From.

title: Bisenzio


text:
infançon

Noun

 * 1) a  ranked below a ' and above a '
 * ⁊ cuidaron que fill era dinfançon ou dinfançõa
 * and they thought that he might be the son of an infançon or of an infançon’s wife
 * and they thought that he might be the son of an infançon or of an infançon’s wife

title: infançon


text:
不純物

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1) impurity a component or additive that renders something else impure

title: 不純物


text: Bocca

title: Bocca


text:
怖気

Noun

 * 1) fear, fright

Noun

 * 1) fear, fright

title: 怖気


text:
Bonatti

Proper noun

 * , 13th century Italian astronomer
 * , 13th century Italian astronomer

title: Bonatti


text: Bonifazio

title: Bonifazio


text:
波立つ

Verb

 * 1) billow, ripple
 * 2) beat fast, pound
 * 3) be in turmoil

title: 波立つ


text:
stöng

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) pole, staff
 * 2) rod

Declension
or

title: stöng


text:
Bollwerk

Etymology
From and.

Noun

 * 1) bulwark, rampart, stronghold, fortress, bastion

title: Bollwerk


text: Bonturo

title: Bonturo


text:
raachen

Etymology
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to smoke

title: raachen


text: Bornio

title: Bornio


text:
ricome

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) the highest rank of a

title: ricome


text: Borsiere

title: Borsiere


text:
Fëmmert

Noun

 * 1) smoker

title: Fëmmert


text:
ئاۋۋال

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬.

Adverb

 * 1) first of all; first; firstly

title: ئاۋۋال


text: impetüoso

title: impetüoso


text: elezïone

title: elezïone


text: Anfïarao

title: Anfïarao


text:
転嫁

Noun

 * 1) imputation

Verb

 * 1) to impute, to pass the buck

title: 転嫁


text:
Anfiarao

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Amphiaraus / Amphiaraos

title: Anfiarao


text: Category:Italian medieval spellings

title: Category:Italian medieval spellings


text: Anfïone

title: Anfïone


text:
Anfione

Proper noun

 * 1) Amphion

title: Anfione


text:
不適当

Etymology
Compound of

Adjective

 * 1) unsuitable, inadequate, inappropriate, unfit

Noun

 * 1) inappropriateness, unsuitability

title: 不適当


text: diminutivos

title: diminutivos


text:
Branca

Etymology
From a nickname related to.

title: Branca


text:
就任

Verb

 * 1) to take office; to assume office; to be inaugurated

Noun

 * 1) inauguration

Verb

 * 1) be inaugurated, assume office

title: 就任


text: Branda

title: Branda


text:
受信箱

Noun

 * 1) in-box electronic folder

title: 受信箱


text:
白熱電球

Noun

 * 1) incandescent light bulb

title: 白熱電球


text:
Brenta

Proper noun

 * 1) a river that flows through Trentino and Veneto

title: Brenta


text: Bresciani

title: Bresciani


text: brievemente

title: brievemente


text:
Bruggia

Etymology
, from, , , probably from , ultimately from. , borrowed from Modern French.

title: Bruggia


text:
Brunetto

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Brunetto is the 36788th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 607 individuals. Brunetto is most common among White (93.9%) individuals.

Etymology
From.

title: Brunetto


text:
肉色

Noun

 * 1) flesh color

Noun

 * 1) flesh-colored

title: 肉色


text: Brïareo

title: Brïareo


text:
Briareo

Proper noun

 * 1) Briareus / Briareos

title: Briareo


text:
薫香

Noun

 * 1) incense A perfume often used in the rites of various religions

title: 薫香


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 薫

title: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 薫


text:
近親相姦

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1) incest

title: 近親相姦


text: Bulicame

title: Bulicame


text:
くんこう

Noun

 * 1)  incense
 * 2)  merits

title: くんこう


text:
Bullicame

Proper noun

 * 1) a thermal spring near Viterbo

title: Bullicame


text: Buoso

title: Buoso


text:
引っ切り無し

Adjective

 * 1) incessant, continuous

title: 引っ切り無し


text: Abraàm

title: Abraàm


text:
仁川

Etymology 1
From.

Etymology 2
.

title: 仁川


text:
Abèl

Proper noun

 * 1) Abel

title: Abèl


text: Achitofèl

title: Achitofèl


text:
Achitofel

Proper noun

 * 1) Ahitophel

title: Achitofel


text: Adice

title: Adice


text:
apetaly

Noun

 * 1)  The condition of having no petals

title: apetaly


text:
فریبا

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) charming; seductive

title: فریبا


text: Aldobrandi

title: Aldobrandi


text:
bouôn annivèrsaithe

Interjection

 * 1)  happy birthday!

title: bouôn annivèrsaithe


text: bouon anniversaithe

title: bouon anniversaithe


text:
annivèrsaithe

Etymology
From, from +.

Noun

 * 1)  birthday
 * 2)  anniversary

title: annivèrsaithe


text: annivèrsaithes

title: annivèrsaithes


text: Template:ja-accent/unvoiced

title: Template:ja-accent/unvoiced


text:
ba̐jł

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) axe, hatchet

title: ba̐jł


text:
Kleinbritannien

Proper noun

 * 1) Brittany

title: Kleinbritannien


text: stóir

title: stóir


text:
unnivèrsité

Etymology
From, , in juridical and  "a number of persons associated into one body, a society, company, community, guild, corporation, etc.," in Classical , "the whole, aggregate," from.

Noun

 * 1)  university

title: unnivèrsité


text: unnivèrsités

title: unnivèrsités


text:
naistentanssi

Noun

 * 1) Women's dance: An arrangement where women propose a dance, generally held once a week in many local dance restaurant, not to confuse with romantic interest.

title: naistentanssi


text:
euniversitaé

Etymology
From, , in juridical and  "a number of persons associated into one body, a society, company, community, guild, corporation, etc.," in Classical , "the whole, aggregate," from.

Noun

 * 1)  university

title: euniversitaé


text: Category:Catalan irregular first conjugation verbs


text: Category:nrf:Education

title: Category:nrf:Education


text: Category:nrf:Applied sciences

title: Category:nrf:Applied sciences


text: Category:nrf:Technology

title: Category:nrf:Technology


text: Category:Norman terms derived from Medieval Latin


text:
seter

Etymology 1
See.

Noun

 * 1) A natural terrace in solid rock, formed by waves, that marks the former position of a shoreline.

Noun

 * 1) A silk scarf or thin pice of cotton cloth used to consecrate a domestic animal to a deity in Mongolia.

Etymology
From, from , , from , , from , , from.

Noun

 * , a -shaped ornament worn on the breast to indicate rank or honour.

Etymology 1
From,.

Noun

 * 1) a saeter (a livestock pasture with buildings, traditionally used between May and September)

title: seter


text: seters

title: seters


text: faraones

title: faraones


text:
Citations:seter

probably "summer pasture"

 * 1983, Edda: A Collection of Essays (Robert James Glendinning), page 172:
 * just west of this area a river flows through a narrow ravine, and this river quite likely once bore the same name as the seters.

title: Citations:seter


text:
ܣܦܝܠܐ

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) sapphire

title: ܣܦܝܠܐ


text:
tanssisali

Noun

 * 1) ballroom large room used for dancing and banquets

title: tanssisali


text:
Potentilla

Etymology
From, from +  (a diminutive) -- "small but mighty", referring to its supposed medicinal value.

Usage notes

 * Some groups of species of Potentilla are treated by authors as being in separate genera: Argentina,, , , and.

Hypernyms

 * ; - subfamily;  - tribe;  - subtribe

Hyponyms

 * - type species;, , , , (syn. of ), , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,  (tormentil), , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,  (mock strawberry), , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,  - other species
 * - nothospecies

title: Potentilla


text:
ܟܘܪܟܝܐ

Etymology
From, from. Also found as 🇨🇬, an Aramaic borrowing.

Noun

 * 1) kind of bird: crane, goose, (possibly) swift, swallow

title: ܟܘܪܟܝܐ


text: abbicando

title: abbicando


text: abbicante

title: abbicante


text: abbicato

title: abbicato


text: abbicati

title: abbicati


text:
abbicare

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to collect in heaps
 * 2)  to amass

title: abbicare


text: abbicata

title: abbicata


text: abbico

title: abbico


text: abbichi

title: abbichi


text: abbica

title: abbica


text: abbichiamo

title: abbichiamo


text: abbicate

title: abbicate


text: abbicano

title: abbicano


text: abbicavo

title: abbicavo


text: abbicavi

title: abbicavi


text: abbicava

title: abbicava


text: abbicavamo

title: abbicavamo


text: abbicavate

title: abbicavate


text: abbicavano

title: abbicavano


text: abbicai

title: abbicai


text: abbicasti

title: abbicasti


text: abbicò

title: abbicò


text: abbicammo

title: abbicammo


text: abbicaste

title: abbicaste


text: abbicarono

title: abbicarono


text: abbicherò

title: abbicherò


text: abbicherai

title: abbicherai


text: abbicherà

title: abbicherà


text: abbicheremo

title: abbicheremo


text: abbicherete

title: abbicherete


text: abbicheranno

title: abbicheranno


text: abbicherei

title: abbicherei


text: abbicheresti

title: abbicheresti


text: abbicherebbe

title: abbicherebbe


text: abbicheremmo

title: abbicheremmo


text: abbichereste

title: abbichereste


text: abbicherebbero

title: abbicherebbero


text: abbichiate

title: abbichiate


text: abbichino

title: abbichino


text: abbicassi

title: abbicassi


text: abbicasse

title: abbicasse


text: abbicassimo

title: abbicassimo


text: abbicassero

title: abbicassero


text:
-morpha

Etymology
, plural form of, from

title: -morpha


text:
Ilex verticillata

Hypernyms

 * - order; - family;  - genus

title: Ilex verticillata


text: abbracciar

title: abbracciar


text:
priden

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) diligent, hard-working
 * 2) good
 * 1) good

title: priden


text: abbrusciando

title: abbrusciando


text: abbrusciante

title: abbrusciante


text: abbrusciato

title: abbrusciato


text: abbrusciare

title: abbrusciare


text: abbrusciati

title: abbrusciati


text: abbrusciata

title: abbrusciata


text: abbruscio

title: abbruscio


text: abbrusci

title: abbrusci


text: abbruscia

title: abbruscia


text: abbrusciamo

title: abbrusciamo


text: abbrusciate

title: abbrusciate


text: abbrusciano

title: abbrusciano


text: abbrusciavo

title: abbrusciavo


text: abbrusciavi

title: abbrusciavi


text: abbrusciava

title: abbrusciava


text: abbrusciavamo

title: abbrusciavamo


text: abbrusciavate

title: abbrusciavate


text: abbrusciavano

title: abbrusciavano


text: abbrusciai

title: abbrusciai


text: abbrusciasti

title: abbrusciasti


text: abbrusciò

title: abbrusciò


text: abbrusciammo

title: abbrusciammo


text: abbrusciaste

title: abbrusciaste


text: abbrusciarono

title: abbrusciarono


text: abbruscerò

title: abbruscerò


text: abbruscerai

title: abbruscerai


text: abbruscerà

title: abbruscerà


text: abbrusceremo

title: abbrusceremo


text: abbruscerete

title: abbruscerete


text: abbrusceranno

title: abbrusceranno


text: abbruscerei

title: abbruscerei


text: abbrusceresti

title: abbrusceresti


text: abbruscerebbe

title: abbruscerebbe


text: abbrusceremmo

title: abbrusceremmo


text: abbruscereste

title: abbruscereste


text: abbruscerebbero

title: abbruscerebbero


text: abbruscino

title: abbruscino


text: abbrusciassi

title: abbrusciassi


text: abbrusciasse

title: abbrusciasse


text: abbrusciassimo

title: abbrusciassimo


text: abbrusciassero

title: abbrusciassero


text:
հատանեմ

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to cut, to cut off, to break; to carve; to split, to divide, to separate; to diminish, to curtail; to stop, to interrupt; to resolve, to decide, to determine
 * 2) to strike about a plague
 * 3) to cross, to traverse, to pass
 * 4)  to be cut, separated, divided
 * 5)  to be exhausted, to decline, to fail, to desist; to abstain, to refrain
 * 6)  to give out a shine, to glitter, to sparkle
 * 7)  to yield, to surrender to, to give way to, to fall into
 * 1) to strike about a plague
 * 2) to cross, to traverse, to pass
 * 3)  to be cut, separated, divided
 * 4)  to be exhausted, to decline, to fail, to desist; to abstain, to refrain
 * 5)  to give out a shine, to glitter, to sparkle
 * 6)  to yield, to surrender to, to give way to, to fall into
 * 1) to strike about a plague
 * 2) to cross, to traverse, to pass
 * 3)  to be cut, separated, divided
 * 4)  to be exhausted, to decline, to fail, to desist; to abstain, to refrain
 * 5)  to give out a shine, to glitter, to sparkle
 * 6)  to yield, to surrender to, to give way to, to fall into
 * 1) to strike about a plague
 * 2) to cross, to traverse, to pass
 * 3)  to be cut, separated, divided
 * 4)  to be exhausted, to decline, to fail, to desist; to abstain, to refrain
 * 5)  to give out a shine, to glitter, to sparkle
 * 6)  to yield, to surrender to, to give way to, to fall into
 * 1)  to be cut, separated, divided
 * 2)  to be exhausted, to decline, to fail, to desist; to abstain, to refrain
 * 3)  to give out a shine, to glitter, to sparkle
 * 4)  to yield, to surrender to, to give way to, to fall into
 * 1)  to be exhausted, to decline, to fail, to desist; to abstain, to refrain
 * 2)  to give out a shine, to glitter, to sparkle
 * 3)  to yield, to surrender to, to give way to, to fall into
 * 1)  to be exhausted, to decline, to fail, to desist; to abstain, to refrain
 * 2)  to give out a shine, to glitter, to sparkle
 * 3)  to yield, to surrender to, to give way to, to fall into
 * 1)  to be exhausted, to decline, to fail, to desist; to abstain, to refrain
 * 2)  to give out a shine, to glitter, to sparkle
 * 3)  to yield, to surrender to, to give way to, to fall into
 * 1)  to yield, to surrender to, to give way to, to fall into
 * 1)  to yield, to surrender to, to give way to, to fall into
 * 1)  to yield, to surrender to, to give way to, to fall into

title: հատանեմ


text: repubbliki

title: repubbliki


text: accaffando

title: accaffando


text: accaffante

title: accaffante


text: accaffato

title: accaffato


text:
accaffare

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to seize, to pilfer

title: accaffare


text: accaffati

title: accaffati


text: accaffata

title: accaffata


text: accaffo

title: accaffo


text: accaffi

title: accaffi


text: accaffa

title: accaffa


text: accaffiamo

title: accaffiamo


text: accaffate

title: accaffate


text: accaffano

title: accaffano


text: accaffavo

title: accaffavo


text: accaffavi

title: accaffavi


text: accaffava

title: accaffava


text: accaffavamo

title: accaffavamo


text: accaffavate

title: accaffavate


text: accaffavano

title: accaffavano


text: accaffai

title: accaffai


text: accaffasti

title: accaffasti


text: accaffò

title: accaffò


text: accaffammo

title: accaffammo


text: accaffaste

title: accaffaste


text: accaffarono

title: accaffarono


text: accafferò

title: accafferò


text: accafferai

title: accafferai


text: accafferà

title: accafferà


text: accafferemo

title: accafferemo


text: accafferete

title: accafferete


text: accafferanno

title: accafferanno


text: accafferei

title: accafferei


text: accafferesti

title: accafferesti


text: accafferebbe

title: accafferebbe


text: accafferemmo

title: accafferemmo


text: accaffereste

title: accaffereste


text: accafferebbero

title: accafferebbero


text: accaffiate

title: accaffiate


text: accaffino

title: accaffino


text: accaffassi

title: accaffassi


text: accaffasse

title: accaffasse


text: accaffassimo

title: accaffassimo


text: accaffassero

title: accaffassero


text:
Talk:odletjeti

Which gloss?
Which gloss: (dated) fly away or fly + away (of aircraft or birds)? DCDuring TALK 19:51, 25 March 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:odletjeti


text:
Gaalgen

Etymology
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) gallows

title: Gaalgen


text: accapricciando

title: accapricciando


text: accapricciante

title: accapricciante


text: accapricciato

title: accapricciato


text:
accapricciare

Etymology
From.

title: accapricciare


text: accapricciati

title: accapricciati


text: accapricciata

title: accapricciata


text: accapriccio

title: accapriccio


text: accapricci

title: accapricci


text: accapriccia

title: accapriccia


text: accapricciamo

title: accapricciamo


text: accapricciate

title: accapricciate


text: accapricciano

title: accapricciano


text: accapricciavo

title: accapricciavo


text: accapricciavi

title: accapricciavi


text: accapricciava

title: accapricciava


text: accapricciavamo

title: accapricciavamo


text: accapricciavate

title: accapricciavate


text: accapricciavano

title: accapricciavano


text: accapricciai

title: accapricciai


text: accapricciasti

title: accapricciasti


text: accapricciò

title: accapricciò


text: accapricciammo

title: accapricciammo


text: accapricciaste

title: accapricciaste


text: accapricciarono

title: accapricciarono


text: accapriccerò

title: accapriccerò


text: accapriccerai

title: accapriccerai


text: accapriccerà

title: accapriccerà


text: accapricceremo

title: accapricceremo


text: accapriccerete

title: accapriccerete


text: accapricceranno

title: accapricceranno


text: accapriccerei

title: accapriccerei


text: accapricceresti

title: accapricceresti


text: accapriccerebbe

title: accapriccerebbe


text: accapricceremmo

title: accapricceremmo


text: accapriccereste

title: accapriccereste


text: accapriccerebbero

title: accapriccerebbero


text: accapriccino

title: accapriccino


text: accapricciassi

title: accapricciassi


text: accapricciasse

title: accapricciasse


text: accapricciassimo

title: accapricciassimo


text: accapricciassero

title: accapricciassero


text: Category:Maltese borrowed terms

title: Category:Maltese borrowed terms


text:
Talk:esnalar

Which gloss?
Which gloss: (dated) fly away or fly + away (of aircraft or birds)? DCDuring TALK 19:51, 25 March 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:esnalar


text:
Talk:wegfliegen

Which gloss?
Which gloss: (dated) fly away or fly + away (of aircraft or birds)? DCDuring TALK 19:51, 25 March 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:wegfliegen


text:
հատնել

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to come to an end, to expire

title: հատնել


text:
Talk:одлетјети

Which gloss?
Which gloss: (dated) fly away or fly + away (of aircraft or birds)? DCDuring TALK 19:51, 25 March 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:одлетјети


text: հատանիմ

title: հատանիմ


text: acceffando

title: acceffando


text: acceffante

title: acceffante


text: acceffato

title: acceffato


text:
acceffare

Verb

 * 1) to bite

title: acceffare


text:
Talk:odleteti

Which gloss?
Which gloss: (dated) fly away or fly + away (of aircraft or birds)? DCDuring TALK 19:51, 25 March 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:odleteti


text: acceffati

title: acceffati


text: acceffata

title: acceffata


text: հատանել

title: հատանել


text: acceffo

title: acceffo


text: acceffi

title: acceffi


text: acceffa

title: acceffa


text: acceffiamo

title: acceffiamo


text:
Talk:одлетети

Which gloss?
Which gloss: (dated) fly away or fly + away (of aircraft or birds)? DCDuring TALK 19:51, 25 March 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:одлетети


text: acceffate

title: acceffate


text: acceffano

title: acceffano


text: acceffavo

title: acceffavo


text: acceffavi

title: acceffavi


text: acceffava

title: acceffava


text: acceffavamo

title: acceffavamo


text: acceffavate

title: acceffavate


text:
Talk:odlijetati

Which gloss?
Which gloss: (dated) fly away or fly + away (of aircraft or birds)? DCDuring TALK 19:51, 25 March 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:odlijetati


text: acceffavano

title: acceffavano


text: acceffai

title: acceffai


text: acceffasti

title: acceffasti


text: acceffò

title: acceffò


text: acceffammo

title: acceffammo


text: acceffaste

title: acceffaste


text: acceffarono

title: acceffarono


text: accefferò

title: accefferò


text: accefferai

title: accefferai


text:
Gaaschel

Noun

 * 1) handful

title: Gaaschel


text: accefferà

title: accefferà


text: accefferemo

title: accefferemo


text:
Talk:одлијетати

Which gloss?
Which gloss: (dated) fly away or fly + away (of aircraft or birds)? DCDuring TALK 19:51, 25 March 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:одлијетати


text: accefferete

title: accefferete


text: accefferanno

title: accefferanno


text: accefferei

title: accefferei


text: accefferesti

title: accefferesti


text: accefferebbe

title: accefferebbe


text: accefferemmo

title: accefferemmo


text:
Talk:odletati

Which gloss?
Which gloss: (dated) fly away or fly + away (of aircraft or birds)? DCDuring TALK 19:51, 25 March 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:odletati


text: acceffereste

title: acceffereste


text: accefferebbero

title: accefferebbero


text: acceffiate

title: acceffiate


text: acceffino

title: acceffino


text: acceffassi

title: acceffassi


text: acceffasse

title: acceffasse


text:
Talk:одлетати

Which gloss?
Which gloss: (dated) fly away or fly + away (of aircraft or birds)? DCDuring TALK 19:51, 25 March 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:одлетати


text: acceffassimo

title: acceffassimo


text: acceffassero

title: acceffassero


text:
Talk:блэбыбыкӏын

Which gloss?
Which gloss: (dated) fly away or fly + away (of aircraft or birds)? And what does "fly opposite" mean? DCDuring TALK 19:51, 25 March 2013 (UTC)
 * I am not, I think it mean to fly while retreating.--Adamsa123 (talk) 22:07, 25 March 2013 (UTC)
 * I think that is more naturally flee, if it means retreat rapidly. Does it always imply flying like a bird or an aircraft? Or does it mean fly away from some place, without any necessity of it being like a military retreat? DCDuring TALK 22:36, 25 March 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:блэбыбыкӏын


text:
զատ

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) isolated, separate

Adverb

 * 1) separately, apart

Postposition

 * 1)  apart from

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) isolated, separate

Adverb

 * 1) apart, aside

Preposition

 * 1) except

title: զատ


text: accidïoso

title: accidïoso


text:
pesänhoitaja

Noun

 * 1)  administrator, estate administrator someone appointed to administer a bankruptcy estate
 * Velallisen omaisuuden hoitamista ja myymistä sekä muuta konkurssipesän hallintoa varten on tuomioistuimen määräämä pesänhoitaja. (Konkurssilaki 120/2004)
 * An estate administrator appointed by the court shall see to the management and liquidation of the assets of the debtor and to the other administration of the bankruptcy estate. (Finnish Bankruptcy Act 120/2004, official translation)

title: pesänhoitaja


text:
հատել

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to cut, to cut off
 * 2) to split, to divide, to separate
 * 3) to cross, to traverse, to pass

title: հատել


text: զատիմ

title: զատիմ


text:
nominate executor

Alternative forms

 * executor nominate

Noun

 * 1) An executor or administrator appointed to administer the estate of a deceased who left a valid will.

title: nominate executor


text:
полба

Etymology
. Sometimes dubiously derived from a and considered an isogloss with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) spelt

title: полба


text:
bjēr

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) berry

title: bjēr


text: bjērn

title: bjērn


text:
User talk:Mzajac/2010

regional templates
>>> Label links

Please don't put fixed links on regional templates. , for example, is used to put entries into Category:Canadian French, and potentially for regionalisms in many other minority languages. —Michael Z. 2010-02-07 17:34 z <<<

 * Thanks for the info, I didn't know Template:Canada had multiple uses like that, the template only says "Puts an entry into Category:Canadian English" (I will update that after investigating further). I don't see any template such as (template "Canadian English" redirects to Template:Canada); but I guess we can live without them if Template:Canada is language sensitive.  At entrée a defn discusses both Canadian English and the French Canadian region, but I think this can go in the usage notes instead. Facts707 20:16, 8 February 2010 (UTC)

Moving your BP message
Hi. Would you mind if I move your recent complaint from WT:BP to WT:BP? The former discussion is mainly related to old issues such as the considerably hideous programming code that was totally changed. The latter discussion is more recent and more directly related to the template you dislike. --Daniel. 15:58, 10 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Thanks, I'll do it. —Michael Z. 2010-03-10 17:43 z

kulak
Hi Michael,

The word is obviously Russian, refers to the Russian empire and the Soviet period. Of course, kulaks could be in other places, also definitely used in (the Soviet) Ukraine along with "куркуль". I consider your reversion of my edit a hostile act. What was your motive, anyway? I changed the sense in the translation if mentioning Russia bothers you so much. --Anatoli 00:11, 12 March 2010 (UTC)

 * The last edit caught my eye on my watchlist because “the imperial Russia” is wrong. I noticed the terminology in the gloss was inconsistent with the definition, and also didn't represent the same range of meaning, so I improved it with an explanation. I didn't pay attention to who had been editing it.

 * If you're obsessed with others' motives and consider their edits “hostile acts,” then Wiktionary probably isn't for you. —Michael Z. 2010-03-12 00:30 z

 * I didn't drop those translations. Must be a Wiktionary timing bug or something. —Michael Z. 2010-03-12 00:32 z

 * Sorry, Michael. Well, you reverted my edits, which had many translations - more than one edit. Not sure how this could be accidental. What else could I think? --Anatoli 00:40, 12 March 2010 (UTC)

 * I'm sorry too – didn't notice what had happened until I looked at the history again, typed my last while running out. I've seen this happen once in a blue moon on very long, busy talk pages. —Michael Z. 2010-03-12 16:47 z

Гоголь, Gogol
Hi Michael.

Like Ayvazovsky or Tsiolkovsky, the ethnic origin is not everything. Gogol is a Russian writer. Since he wrote in Ukrainian as well, lived in Ukraine (which was part of Russia) and was of Ukrainian origin, I suggest, as a compromise "a Russian and Ukrainian writer" better than "a writer in the Russian empire". We shouldn't bring the fights from Wikipedia here and boost the Ukrainian culture on the Russian expense.

I am half Ukrainian but I am also half Russian.

Please add some Ukrainian contents if you can. --Anatoli 20:05, 22 March 2010 (UTC)

 * (See also Gogolian.)

 * Calling Gogol a “Russian writer” implies ethnicity to most readers, when Joyce, Wilde, Shaw, and others are called Irish – not British – and certainly not “English” writers. It innocently promulgates a systemic bias in English-language academia from the time when it may have been considered pedantic to qualify Shevchenko as a Little-Russian writer.

 * By naming his state of origin, the Russian Empire, I was avoiding ambiguous statements or detailed explanations about his ethnicity and heritage, citizenship, or several places of residence in and outside the empire, and hoping to thus avoid controversy (until the proper-name definition is removed by Requests for deletion, maybe). “Russian and Ukrainian” might just raise questions, but perhaps that's not so bad. Readers can click over to Wikipedia for the details. —Michael Z. 2010-03-22 21:34 z

 * I really think a Russian and Ukrainian writer is the best choice. I have changed since you said "perhaps that's not so bad". I think Shevchenko / Шевченко deserve an entry here, even if a simple name linking to Wikipedia. We probably don't have Ukrainian declension tables here, if I am not mistaken but they are optional. --Anatoli 23:00, 22 March 2010 (UTC)

 * I'll reserve the right to become indignant about that in the future. Certainly all common surnames could make their way into the dictionary (my local University library has a few references, so maybe I'll compile an appendix some day).

 * I have made declension tables manually a few times, as in горілка. Building a template is on my long list, too. —Michael Z. 2010-03-23 00:14 z

 * Sorry, I meant templates. I created English, Ukrainian and Russian entries for Shevchenko / Шевченко. Please add any info you see fit. I tried to add the audio file from the Ukrainian Wiktionary but it didn't work. --Anatoli 03:49, 23 March 2010 (UTC)

Chernobyl
Could you help me with allocating citations between the proper noun and common noun senses? What is there at this writing is my best unaided effort. DCDuring TALK 13:51, 27 March 2010 (UTC)

Geologic adjectives
Consider also this quote:

 * 1975, John Nance, The Gentle Tasaday: a Stone Age people in the Philippine rain forest, page 125
 * "This is Stone Age," he said. "I don't doubt it for a minute."

Would you consider that to mean that "Stone Age" is an adjective, or is this merely predicate attributive use of a proper noun? --EncycloPetey 00:47, 21 April 2010 (UTC)

Addendum: This would also apply to Art Deco: and a host of other proper nouns if we're accepting this as evidence of adjectival use. --EncycloPetey 00:50, 21 April 2010 (UTC)

 * This is getting a bit grammar-technical for me. I thought that attributive nouns were not predicative, so “a beautiful park is beautiful, but a car park is not "car"” (Attributive adjective). Art Deco seems to buck this rule.

 * To me, “during the Triassic” has always sounded like an elliptical use of Triassic Period (many references write out the names in full, such as our own Appendix:Geologic timescale). My impression is that these are words in transition from adjectives to proper nouns (Triassic Period, “period of the Trias formation” > Triassic period, “a geologic period named Triassic” > Triassic, name of a time period), and in many cases the difference is indistinguishable. Phrases such as Upper Triassic are used by scientists interchangeably and ambiguously for both rock beds and time periods.

 * How can we say this isn't an adjective when all of the big-name dictionaries do? —Michael Z. 2010-04-21 01:18 z

 * Also considering this addition to Cretaceous:

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to...
 * 2) * 1990, Michael Crichton, Jurassic Park:
 * His father squinted at the skeleton. “What is it, Jurassic?” “Jeez. No. Cretaceous.” “Cretaceous? What's the difference between Cretaceous and Jurassic?” “Only about a hundred million years,” Tim said. “Cretaceous is older?” “No, Dad, Jurassic is older.”
 * 1) * 2000, Joseph B. Verrengia, “Dropout-turned-explorer hides out as her great find is unveiled”, Associated Press.
 * Fragments that trickled down around her boots had a honeycombed texture, like a bird's bones. ¶ Hendrickson did the arithmetic of paleontology. Cretaceous plus honeycombed equals large meat eater.
 * 1) * 1998, David Abrams, “Providence”, in Esquire, v 130, n 3 (September), p 88:
 * On the canyon walls, you take note of the prehistoric time zones: first Tertiary, then Cretaceous. You breathe deeply.

 * Even the big dictionaries can be wrong. If they are, and we can demonstrate it, then we should say so.  This might need to become a serious RfV search for quotations, because of the above three quotations, the final one has nothing at all to suggest it's adjectival.   The first two could be noun use as well, without a stretch.  The second is the only one that's slightly persuasive to me, since it places Cretaceous in a seemingly parallel position with an adjective, but that's no guarantee in modern English.  Many writers no longer obey the parallel-items-in-a-list stylistic rule, and "plus" is ambiguously a conjunction here.

 * You are correct that common attributive nouns never appear in the predicate, but the grammar of proper nouns is different from common nouns. A proper noun behaves grammatically like a noun phrase, and so it can appear alone in places that common nouns could not.  In English, one can say "This is Sparta!" but not "This is tree."  The latter sentence only works when tree is part of a noun phrase such as "This is a tree" or "This is my favorite tree."  Without supporting modifiers, a common noun can (almost) never appear by itself in the predicate after a copula, so the rule that "attributive nouns can't be in the predicate" is actually confounded by this separate principle of distinction between a noun and a noun phrase.  The test can't be applied to all nouns, and especially not to proper nouns, which can appear in such a construction.  --EncycloPetey 04:25, 21 April 2010 (UTC)

 * It looks to me that the proper-noun and/or adjectival use is practically indistinguishable, so what evidence do we have to support one over the other? Evidence supporting adjectives:

 * At least some of these were originally adjectives, in English. (Maybe we need to collect more early quotations.)
 * Triassic = “of the Trias (rock formation)”
 * Jurassic = “of the Jura mountains formation”
 * Cretaceous = “chalky; of the chalk formation”
 * I see adjectival use in the early attributive application to various nouns, when geologists would have been conscious of the etymological meaning: Triassic system, Triassic formation, Triassic period, Triassic fishes, Upper Triassic (a physical location in rock beds, only implying a time period), and modern technical writing still reflects these etymologies. (Maybe there's a popular–technical distinction in meaning.)
 * To me, the formation/period duality feels like two equal sides of a coin. Triassic is applied to formation, system, etc as often as it is to period, era, times. At least in technical writing, I don't see evidence that it means chiefly a period, and is applied only occasionally to a physical phenomenon. I.e., if it were only a proper noun, I couldn't tell whether it means a period or a formation. It seems more natural to have it “of, from, or pertaining to” two things interchangeably, than to have one noun sense which represents both a physical layer of rock and a period millions of years in the past.

 * Hand-picked OED quotations:

 * 1831: The Jurassic and Alpine limestones. [adjective from Jura mountains]
 * 1831: Chalk does not exist in the Carpathians, nor could the author recognise it at Cracow, the limestone of which he refers to the Upper Jurassic. [from the same source and page, OED places this under a different sense, “absol. as n., Jurassic system or Jurassic period”]
 * 1833: Sedimentary formations..as modern as the jurassic or oolite formations [l.c. adjective referring to stone, not time]
 * 1902: The Upper Jurassic, again, is an argillaceous series. [clearly, a rock]
 * 1956: In the popular imagination the Jurassic is the period of great marine reptiles and flying dragons. [clearly, a period]

 * It's hard to prove that they weren't attributive nouns, but what clear evidence is there that they were such, and not adjectives? —Michael Z. 2010-04-21 14:35 z

 * Indeed, it's very hard to distinguish the grammatical usages in this situation. "the Jurassic", whether it refers to a period or a rock is clearly substantive use, and in English entries we treat that as a de facto noun.  (In our Latin entries, substantive use can still be an adjective if the substantive sense applies to more than one gender, but that doesn't help us here.)  There is a sinilar adjective/noun problem in dealing with the anatomical names of muscles of the body, but there it's a little easier to see since there are no proper nouns involved.  That is, an anatomist would say "deltoid muscle", using deltoid strictly as an adjective.  However, non-anatomists use deltoid as a noun to name the muscle.  Most anatomical names of muscle derive from adjectives in this way (biceps, abdominals, rhomboids, etc.), but they're all used as nouns by the general population and adjectives by some specialists.  There is thus a grammatical difference between the general popuation uses the words and the way some specialists do, although even doctors and other specialists are beginning to shift towards using the (shorter) adjectival name as if it were a noun.  I think this whas already happened with the names of geological periods, so that the shift is almost (or entirely) complete at this point.  And this also addresses your quetion about distinguishing attributive use form an adjective.  It's even harder than usual with this kind of situation because one of these can change over time to become the other.  So there will not always be a clear distinction between adjective and attributive use.  We have to decide, based on what evidence we can gather, what the current situation is. --EncycloPetey 17:57, 21 April 2010 (UTC)

 * (Re: Stone Age, it's not the same because it is more directly comparable to Jurassic period, which has a more restricted meaning than Jurassic. Re: Art Deco, this is the name of a style, not a period, so it is naturally attributive of things made in the style.)

 * Re: the shift is almost (or entirely) complete, perhaps in popular usage, but I think not in academic. These names date to the mid 19th century, and the works in which they originated are still used in modern scholarship (e.g., we still see new finds from Bone Wars fossil collections, which must be compared to the publications of Marsh and Cope). These old usages are not obsolete, so we can't ignore them when we define these words for their readers. And modern scholars still recognize the etymologies of these words by using them dually, to refer to purely the rock formation, or purely the period, or interchangeably both. (I can accept an adjective alluding to one and/or the other, but not as easily a proper noun which can't decide what its referent is.)

 * We can compare these terms to to the Renaissance, the Enlightenment, etc. The adjectival form feels familiar when they are styles (this mural is Renaissance), but gets awkward or puzzling when indicating age (the Battle of Lepanto is Renaissance). Contrast with the origin of birds is Triassic. Triassic period is common, and sometimes necessary for clarity, while Renaissance period is redundant. It's kind of nuanced.

 * Finally, if even a little bit of adjectival usage were remaining, then we should inclusively define these as both nouns and adjectives. We can't just ignore the adjective after its use drops below 50/50.

 * I'll see if I can reformulate some of these entries in an acceptable way. —Michael Z. 2010-04-21 21:31 z

POS headers in pronunciation sections
See WT:BP. Thryduulf 17:59, 24 April 2010 (UTC)

Beer_parlour
Just a note to let you know that I've responded to your comments. If you have nothing more to say, that's ok; I just wanted to make sure you were aware. BP threads are so easy to lose track of. -Atelaes λάλει ἐμοί 01:39, 20 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Thanks a lot, I did see that. You're doing excellent work here, and I wanted to throw in my 2¢ but not boss you around or sound like I disapprove of any of it. Keep it up. (I'm sure I'll have more to say....) —Michael Z. 2010-05-20 01:51 z

your changes at Sydney Opera House, Hadrian's Wall, et al
AFAIK can go either above or below the language header, although I may be wrong. ---> Tooironic 02:57, 21 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Not even sure of the guideline. I have the page index, images, and Wikipedia templates all floating left right, so I always find it best to have the local page index come first, and the external link below that. I guess that this would be more convenient for users of screen readers and braille displays. —Michael Z. 2010-05-21 03:19 z

 * Oops; I mean I have these elements floating right, by my monobook.css. —Michael Z. 2010-05-21 03:51 z

 * The box should always appear within a language section, never floating at the top of a page.  More than one of these can appear on a page, and should always be associated with a particular language, because the entry is always language-specific.  The changes Mzajac has made keep MS IE from producing a blank gap at the top of the English language section, while keeping the information within the appropriate langauge section.  I don't mind the gap, myself, since I hate and avoid IE, but it can affect other less elightened users. --EncycloPetey 03:43, 21 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Oh. No one told me about this before. Shit. From now on I'll put it under the language header. Cheers. ---> Tooironic 05:03, 21 May 2010 (UTC)

Votes/2010-04/Voting policy
I urge you to vote. (I don't know which way you'll vote, but I want more voices, especially English Wiktionarians' voices, heard in this vote.) If you've voted already, or stated that you won't, and I missed it, I apologize. —msh210℠ 17:00, 21 May 2010 (UTC)

Re: WT:BP#Logo
You can see Cary Bass listed at Staff, the name linking to a page saying that his account name is Bastique. As for whether he is the foundation's voice and what he has said about the logo, you can either take my word for it, ask Cary Bass himself, or "launch a research project" as you said, as it would probably take quite a large amount of time to sufficiently explain/prove it to you :). If you want to ask him to make a statement specifically to the English Wiktionary, go ahead, but I don't really think it's necessary. --Yair rand (talk) 03:37, 26 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Okay, apologies. I had no idea that the foundation was represented in this, and if I had read some of those comments, did not realize their significance. —Michael Z. 2010-05-26 05:31 z

Category:British English
There's some stuff going on here. In the Oxford Dictionary I'd fully expect to see realise: glossed as English. But I wouldn't expect to see Australia or New Zealand only slang glossed as British, like dunny:. The obvious difference is that paper dictionaries gloss but they don't categorize. I guess realise: isn't British English, but it is British, while ey up is British but it's not a British spelling, and dunny just isn't British.

Separating British spellings (a spelling system) from British English (English used in the UK) as you say, would not be easy. But is it better than providing false information? Well, yes. The fact that we're not paper sometimes gives us decisions that wouldn't apply to paper. Apart from not categorizing at all, which I could support, having categories for British and American spellings (two spelling systems not necessarily associated with British and American culture or people) and British and American words/terms. Your "just follow other dictionaries" approach fails on the categorization issue as paper dictionaries don't categorize, as it's impossible! You're clearly very intelligent, and I don't say that as flattery, so how can you have not thought of the paper/not paper side of the argument? Mglovesfun (talk) 00:41, 24 June 2010 (UTC)

 * Yeah, there's something for me to think more about. But paper dictionaries do indicate the difference using context, thus:

 * "modelling, Chiefly US modeling."

 * I notice that the OED often adds a note instead of labelling spellings. We may have to do this in many cases, for example, if there are both historical and regional differences, or when there are several exceptions and chieflys. Will we still be able to categorize either when it gets complex? Modelling is a British and Canadian spelling, modeling is chiefly US, but also an acceptable spelling in Canada. Throw in some characterization of its use in Australia and South Africa maybe, and how do we label this? Categorization can't convey this story at all, because it's an all-or-nothing approximation of a nuanced reality. —Michael Z. 2010-06-29 06:34 z
 * Then we shouldn't categorize, rather than have British spellings and British words in the same category. Note, we now have and  to show the difference between them. Modelling is not only used in the UK and Canada. Mglovesfun (talk) 14:34, 25 November 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mzajac/2010


text:
User talk:Mzajac/2011

Ukrainian contents
Hi Michael,

I encourage you to add some Ukrainian contents when you can - entries or translations, as even basic Ukrainian words are missing. I can offer help if you need any. --Anatoli (обсудить) 00:58, 7 December 2011 (UTC)

 * I'd love to, Anatoli, but my spare time is limited these days. I mostly just show up to add in something outstanding that's missing, and occasionally scan the Beer Parlour talk. Keep up the good work in the meantime. —Michael Z. 2011-12-07 04:00 z

 * No problem, perhaps lack of Ukrainian contents is more important to address when you do show up than BP, we have so many people looking after English contents, it's your choice, of course. --Anatoli (обсудить) 04:05, 7 December 2011 (UTC)

Nouns and proper nouns
Hey, I've started a discussion in the Beer Parlor. I'd really like to know the community views on this. Any additional input would be great. Thanks. – Krun 14:07, 11 December 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mzajac/2011


text:
յատանեմ

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to cut off branches from trees and especially from vine

title: յատանեմ


text: յատանել

title: յատանել


text:
aðmíráll

Noun

 * 1) admiral

title: aðmíráll


text: յատեմ

title: յատեմ


text: յատել

title: յատել


text:
flotaforingi

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) admiral

title: flotaforingi


text:
յօտ

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) cut-off branch

title: յօտ


text: յաւտ

title: յաւտ


text:
յօտեմ

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to cut off branches from trees and especially from vine

title: յօտեմ


text:
էտել

Etymology
Dialectal development of, infinitive of.

Verb

 * 1)  to cut off branches from trees and especially from vine

title: էտել


text: յաւտեմ

title: յաւտեմ


text: յաւտել

title: յաւտել


text: յօտել

title: յօտել


text:
Talk:subgeneric

Also can mean
A pharmaceutical made in imitation of a more established name brand. Probably just a synonym for generic. Soap (talk) 20:58, 25 March 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:subgeneric


text:
𐭁𐭂𐭃𐭕

Etymology
From.

title: 𐭁𐭂𐭃𐭕


text:
𐭌𐭕𐭓𐭃𐭕

Etymology
From. Compare with 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Proper noun

 * , Mihrdat, Mithridates, Mithradat
 * 1) * "The Bilingual Inscription of Vologeses son of Mithridates"

title: 𐭌𐭕𐭓𐭃𐭕


text:
հարաւ

Etymology
Etymologically means “front-side” and derives from ; cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, , 🇨🇬. Compare.

Noun

 * 1) south
 * 2) southern wind
 * 1) southern wind
 * 1) southern wind
 * 1) southern wind

title: հարաւ


text:
არავი

Etymology
From, from.

Adjective

 * 1)  southern
 * 2)  (of wind) warm

Noun

 * 1)  southern (warm) wind

title: არავი


text:
𐭀𐭓𐭉𐭁𐭓𐭆𐭍

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬.

title: 𐭀𐭓𐭉𐭁𐭓𐭆𐭍


text:
آریو

Etymology
Short form of.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Ariyoo, Aryou

title: آریو


text: 㗋

title: 㗋


text:
㗌

Han character

 * 1) (non-classical form) to scold with loud voice
 * 2) to talk out of control, loquacious

title: 㗌


text:
somwijlen

Adverb

 * 1)  sometimes

title: somwijlen


text:
yoołkááłígíí

Etymology
+

Noun

 * 1) day/days of the week
 * 2) a particular day, date

title: yoołkááłígíí


text:
MediaWiki:Wikimedia-copyright

Definitions and other text are available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.

title: MediaWiki:Wikimedia-copyright


text:
հարաւունք

Etymology
From, from ,.

Noun

 * 1) tilled land, fields
 * 2) sowing, seed time

Usage notes
Attested only in the accusative plural.

title: հարաւունք


text:
𐭀𐭓𐭔𐭊

Etymology
Cognate with or borrowed from, from.

Proper noun

 * , Arshak

title: 𐭀𐭓𐭔𐭊


text: accismando

title: accismando


text: accismante

title: accismante


text: accismato

title: accismato


text: accismati

title: accismati


text: accismata

title: accismata


text: accismo

title: accismo


text: accismi

title: accismi


text: accisma

title: accisma


text: accismiamo

title: accismiamo


text: accismate

title: accismate


text: accismano

title: accismano


text: accismavo

title: accismavo


text: accismavi

title: accismavi


text: accismava

title: accismava


text: accismavamo

title: accismavamo


text: accismavate

title: accismavate


text: accismavano

title: accismavano


text: accismai

title: accismai


text:
accismare

Verb

 * 1)  to style or adorn
 * 2)  to cut or divide
 * 1)  to cut or divide

title: accismare


text: accismasti

title: accismasti


text: accismò

title: accismò


text: accismammo

title: accismammo


text: accismaste

title: accismaste


text: accismarono

title: accismarono


text: accismerò

title: accismerò


text: accismerai

title: accismerai


text: accismerà

title: accismerà


text: accismeremo

title: accismeremo


text: accismerete

title: accismerete


text: accismeranno

title: accismeranno


text: accismerei

title: accismerei


text: accismeresti

title: accismeresti


text:
MediaWiki:Print.css

/* CSS placed here will affect the print output */

/* .plainlinks doesn’t display the “external link” icons, so don’t print the URLs either */

 * 1) content .plainlinks a.external:after { content:""; }

title: MediaWiki:Print.css


text: accismerebbe

title: accismerebbe


text: accismeremmo

title: accismeremmo


text: accismereste

title: accismereste


text: accismerebbero

title: accismerebbero


text: accismiate

title: accismiate


text: accismino

title: accismino


text: accismassi

title: accismassi


text: accismasse

title: accismasse


text: accismassimo

title: accismassimo


text: accismassero

title: accismassero


text:
бжьыдзэ

Noun

 * 1) flea

Synonyms

 * (Adyghe dialect)

title: бжьыдзэ


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bōtō

Etymology
From,.

Noun

 * 1) improvement, betterment
 * 2) recompense, atonement

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bōtō


text:
Talk:бжьыдзэ

I don't know what they call this in Hebrew or English. I know it's some sort of little bugs that are in cats and chickens sometimes.--Adamsa123 (talk) 22:16, 25 March 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:бжьыдзэ


text: accoccando

title: accoccando


text: accoccante

title: accoccante


text: accoccato

title: accoccato


text:
accoccare

Verb

 * 1)  to nock (an arrow)
 * 2)  to deliver (a blow, a punch)
 * 3)  to mock, to deceive
 * 4) to stop (thread) on the notch of a spindle
 * 5) to join the four corners of (a handkerchief)

title: accoccare


text:
Category:Danish terms derived from Proto-Slavic

pt:Categoria:Entrada de étimo alemão (Dinamarquês)


text: accoccati

title: accoccati


text: accoccata

title: accoccata


text: accocco

title: accocco


text: accocchi

title: accocchi


text:
ебз

Noun

 * 1) waste
 * 2) dung, manure (fertilizer)
 * 1) dung, manure (fertilizer)
 * 1) dung, manure (fertilizer)

title: ебз


text: accocca

title: accocca


text: accocchiamo

title: accocchiamo


text: accoccate

title: accoccate


text: accoccano

title: accoccano


text: accoccavo

title: accoccavo


text: accoccavi

title: accoccavi


text: accoccava

title: accoccava


text: accoccavamo

title: accoccavamo


text: accoccavate

title: accoccavate


text: accoccavano

title: accoccavano


text: accoccai

title: accoccai


text: accoccasti

title: accoccasti


text: accoccò

title: accoccò


text: accoccammo

title: accoccammo


text: accoccaste

title: accoccaste


text: accoccarono

title: accoccarono


text: accoccherò

title: accoccherò


text: accoccherai

title: accoccherai


text: accoccherà

title: accoccherà


text: accoccheremo

title: accoccheremo


text: accoccherete

title: accoccherete


text: accoccheranno

title: accoccheranno


text: accoccherei

title: accoccherei


text: accoccheresti

title: accoccheresti


text: accoccherebbe

title: accoccherebbe


text: accoccheremmo

title: accoccheremmo


text: accocchereste

title: accocchereste


text: accoccherebbero

title: accoccherebbero


text: accocchiate

title: accocchiate


text: accocchino

title: accocchino


text: accoccassi

title: accoccassi


text: accoccasse

title: accoccasse


text: accoccassimo

title: accoccassimo


text: accoccassero

title: accoccassero


text:
хьэлъэбэкъищ

Etymology
From ; hence literally “three steps”.

Noun

 * 1) three steps (Said to places that are very close)
 * Тиунэ хьэлъэбэкъищ, псынкӏэу кӏо — My house is three steps close (very close), go quickly.
 * Яунэ кӏо псынкӏэу. Яунэ хьэлъэбэкъищ нэӏэ — Go to their house quickly, their house is only three steps close.

title: хьэлъэбэкъищ


text:
accoglitore

Adjective

 * 1) collecting, receiving

Noun

 * 1) compiler (person who compiles); summarizer

title: accoglitore


text: accoglitor

title: accoglitor


text:
шумно

Adverb

 * 1) noisily in a noisy manner

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) noisily

Etymology
. . Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adverb

 * 1) noisily, loudly

title: шумно


text:
беспрестанно

Adverb

 * 1) incessantly in a manner without pause or stop

title: беспрестанно


text:
непрерывно

Adverb

 * 1) incessantly in a manner without pause or stop

title: непрерывно


text:
sjöfarare

Noun

 * 1) a navigator, an explorer (at sea), a seafarer

title: sjöfarare


text:
обстоятельно

Adverb

 * 1) in detail with all particulars

title: обстоятельно


text:
talonpoikainen

Adjective

 * 1) peasantly

title: talonpoikainen


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/batāną

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to become better, improve

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/batāną


text:
𪘨

Definitions

 * 1)  to gnaw; to chew; to masticate

title: 𪘨


text:
㗍

Han character

 * 1) (non-classical form) gnaw
 * 2) bite
 * 3) masticate
 * 4) sound of biting

title: 㗍


text:
hightide

Etymology
From, from , equivalent to. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Compare also,.

title: hightide


text:
هیزم

Etymology
From from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) firewood

title: هیزم


text:
だいもん

Noun

 * 1)  a type of  clothing with a family or clan coat of arms displayed prominently
 * 2)  a large gate; a family of high social standing
 * 3)  a yakuza coat of arms
 * 4)  alternate for :  a daimon; a tutelary spirit that guides a person; a genius

title: だいもん


text: مساجد

title: مساجد


text:
مزرعه

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) farm

title: مزرعه


text:
cockpunch

Noun

 * 1)  A strike to the groin

Verb

 * 1)  To strike in the groin

title: cockpunch


text:
だいてんし

Noun

 * 1)  an archangel

title: だいてんし


text: cockpunches

title: cockpunches


text: cockpunched

title: cockpunched


text: cockpunching

title: cockpunching


text:
㗏

Han character

 * 1) "Greetings", equivalent to 喂 (hello, as in when answering the telephone)

Hanja

 * 1) the call of a person

title: 㗏


text: parodiï

title: parodiï


text: 㗐

title: 㗐


text:
highpriesthood

Noun

 * 1) The office or dignity of a highpriest.

Translations

 * Polish:

title: highpriesthood


text:
highgate

Etymology
From, , , equivalent to 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1)  A highway.

title: highgate


text:
fowele

Noun

 * 1) * 14th c., . General Prologue: 9-11.
 * "enm"
 * "enm"

- And smale foweles maken melodye, That slepen al the nyght with open eye- (So priketh hem Nature in hir corages);

title: fowele


text:
пропорционально

Adverb

 * 1) proportionally, pro rata in proportion

title: пропорционально


text:
сравнительно

Adverb

 * 1) comparatively in a comparative manner
 * 2) relatively

title: сравнительно


text:
highday

Etymology
From, from , equivalent to. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) A feast day, holiday, or festival; a time of pleasure.
 * 2) A time or period of full activity or strength; heyday.

title: highday


text:
highpriestship

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) The office of a high priest.

title: highpriestship


text:
highpriestly

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to a highpriest.

Translations

 * Polish:

title: highpriestly


text:
макрокосм

Noun

 * 1) macrocosm a complex structure containing numerous smaller-scale structures

title: макрокосм


text:
микрокосм

Noun

 * 1) microcosm smaller system as representative of a larger one

title: микрокосм


text: だくてん

title: だくてん


text:
Talk:cooze

cousure
The word comes from french word 'cousure' meaning the genitals of a woman who have had children opposed to 'fissure'. In Danish they have become 'kusse' and 'fisse', both dirty words but without the French distinction. I hope this benefits, I do not want to edit the article since it generally ends up in 'political' time consuming 'debates' resulting in unjust banning.

 * Source? Equinox ◑ 01:54, 16 September 2021 (UTC)

common etym
i have always heard this used as an abbrev for "cunt cheese" or "cunt ooze", not vagina itself. if it indeed has the latter meaning -- much less comes from danish or arabic -- a line in the article to the effect of "not from ... as commonly believed" should be added. 209.172.23.43 19:19, 20 October 2015 (UTC)

 * What is your source? A Google Books search doesn't find a single result for "cunt ooze" as a noun, and it seems unlikely that an unused phrase would be condensed into a single word. Equinox ◑ 19:36, 20 October 2015 (UTC)
 * fair enuf, but what of the fact that some of us know it as meaning vaginal FLUID, not vagina itself? has it "converged" with cheese or ooze, if not actually from them?
 * google reveals plenty of hits for "dripping with cooze", for example. 2601:19C:527F:A660:75EB:B7D2:8349:5E84 01:02, 11 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:cooze


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/*čь

I think that both variations of etymology should stand for West Slavic languages. Thus the raisnig issue remains unbroken until some proper evidence could be given, supporting one etymology or the other.

Met vriendelijke groet

title: Thread:User talk:CodeCat/*čь


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/*čь/reply

I don't think your etymology makes much sense. Why would č become c? That doesn't happen in any other word, so why this exception?

title: Thread:User talk:CodeCat/*čь/reply


text:
τί πράσσεις

Phrase

 * 1) how are you? singular use; literally what do you fare

title: τί πράσσεις


text:
Citations:powerfuck

 * 2003, Josh Thomas, Andy's Big Idea, page 133:
 * That sex on the floor turned into a powerfuck, and then it turned into poetry...
 * 2008, Neil Plakcy, Hard Hats: Gay Erotic Stories, link:
 * Mike continued to powerfuck me until finally he gasped, “Fuck! I gotta come. Fuckin' now, stud!”
 * 2011, Reggie Chesterfield, Hot and Dirty Wives, page 63:
 * “Powerfuck me, you bastard!” Tiffany said, coming to another writhing orgasm against the big black cock.

 * 2012, Michael Joseph Gross, The Advocate, numbers 869-870, page 46:
 * A while later he sent a second E-mail, reiterating his invitation and clarifying his term: "Powerfuck (pou • er • fuk) v. 1. a rapid, piston-like form of sexual intercourse between males characterized by passionate noises and heavy sweating.

title: Citations:powerfuck


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/Examples

Slovakian cteni from čítať while on Czech is čtení. Same example is Czech and Polish co from Proto-Slavic čь, while on Slovakian is čo, č didn't change in c. Simple logic.

title: Thread:User talk:CodeCat/Examples


text: ナイロビ

title: ナイロビ


text:
кофта

Noun

 * 1) jersey, cardigan garment knitted from wool, worn over the upper body

title: кофта


text:
джемпер

Etymology
with some phonetic changes. See also,.

Noun

 * 1) jumper woolen sweater or pullover

title: джемпер


text:
джерси

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) jersey, functional shirt
 * 2) jersey type of fabric

title: джерси


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/Examples/reply

č can become c when it's before t, sure, but what about čь/čo? Why did č become c in that word? You still haven't really explained that. Ivan Štambuk on the other hand has given a very good explanation for the c, and it's an explanation that doesn't require čь.

title: Thread:User talk:CodeCat/Examples/reply


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/Examples/reply (2)

Same example has occur in Čakavian dialect of Croatian language, where čь becomes ča in most of Čakavian dialect, however in some subdialects occuring in Čakavian language, čь becomes ca, or in some dialects of Čakavian language čь becomes čo or co, thus in the same way as in Czech, Slovak or Polish.


text:
хрусталь

Etymology
, a diminutive form of, a variant of 🇨🇬, both ultimately from. Compare 🇨🇬. The starting х- was possibly influenced by. The gender was likely influenced by the doublet, which entered Russian via.

Noun

 * 1) crystal, cut glass, lead glass glass with a high refractive index, used for making fine glassware; by extension, fine glassware made of such glass
 * 2) rock crystal

title: хрусталь


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/Examples/reply (3)

But that is an entirely different thing. In some Čakavian dialects, there is something called Cakavism where all č become c (and all š become s, all ž become z). So then the change is entirely regular. In the case of Czech, Slovak and Polish, though, there is no such regular change, they still have the original č in all words. All words except for co, though. So why that exception?


text:
物語る

Verb

 * 1) narrate to relate a story

title: 物語る


text:
一角

Noun

 * 1) one corner; a nook

Noun

 * 1)  a point
 * 2)  one horn

 * 1) a narwhal

title: 一角


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/Examples/reply (4)

Simply in some words phonem changes with no clear explanation. Example is Croatian crn, while in all other Slavic languages c is č or cz on Polish, černý on Czech, čierny on Slovakian, črn on Slovenian and Kajkavian Croatian, czarny on Polish. Same is smiech on Slovakian, smích on Czech, smijeh, smeh or smih in Croatian, smeh on Slovenian, but śmiech on Polish. See without any reason. I could give you more and more such examples.


text:
變本加厲

Etymology
From the preface of  by  :

Verb

 * 1) to get worse; to become aggravated; to intensify one's effort to do something wrong

title: 變本加厲


text: 变本加厉

title: 变本加厉


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/Examples/reply (5)

Except that there is a reason for those changes too. The change of sm to śm in Polish is because the palatal articulation of the m has spread through the entire consonant cluster. In other words, it is assimilation, which is a common phenomenon in languages. The change of črn to crn is also assimilation, because c and r are both articulated in the same place in the mouth, so the č adapted its articulation to the following r.

Ivan Štambuk's explanation also involves assimilation, by the way.


text: 肆无忌惮

title: 肆无忌惮


text:
肆無忌憚

Idiom

 * 1) brazen; unbridled; wanton; unscrupulous

title: 肆無忌憚


text: 小题大作

title: 小题大作


text:
小題大作

Idiom

 * 1) to make a fuss over a trifling matter; to make a mountain out of a molehill; to blow out of proportion

title: 小題大作


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/Examples/reply (6)

As you wish. There is no reason for čt to become c, čt on Russian, šč on Ukrainian, št on Serbo-Croatian, šć on Croatian. Slovakian čo deffinitively become from čь, Czech and Slovak are similar just as Serbian and Croatian, as Russian and Ukrainian, so co is more likely to become from čь in the same way as čo, then from čьto, but again as you wish.


text:
前戲

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) foreplay

title: 前戲


text: 前戏

title: 前戏


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/Examples/reply (7)

Honestly, I'm just saying that you haven't really explained it in a way that makes sense linguistically. If you can find an explanation of the c in some source, please share it! I would like to know myself!


text:
房事

Noun

 * 1)  lovemaking; sex usually between a married couple

title: 房事


text:
滾床單

Verb

 * 1)  to have sex

title: 滾床單


text: 滚床单

title: 滚床单


text: SMSF

title: SMSF


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/Examples/reply (8)

OK. but Czechs themselves don't know, so I doubted I would found something.

Lahku noć.


text: Category:Catalan third conjugation verbs with irregular past participles


text:
рисайклинг

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) recycling the practice of sorting and collecting waste materials for new use

title: рисайклинг


text:
Talk:prefine

I stumbled upon this definition through Google because of a quote from Knolles. If you'd like one to use for this page here is a full one I just did containing prefine in regards to the Ottoman Empire. “there is in this world nothing more admirable or ftrange; if the greatneffe and luftre therof, nothing more magnificent or glorious; if the power and ftrength thereof nothing more dreadful or dangerous: which wondering at nothing but at the beautie of it felfe, and drunke with the pleafant wine of perpetuall felicitie, holdeth all the reft of the world in fcorne, thundering out nothing but ftill bloud and warre, with a full perfuafion in time to rule ouer all, perfining unto it felfe no other limits than the uterrmoft bounds of the earth” - Richard Knolles from "The Authors induction to the Chriftian Reader vnto the Hiftorie following." in Generall Historie of the Turkes (1610)

 * Thanks. Equinox ◑ 14:01, 29 March 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:prefine


text:
бесчеловечный

Adjective

 * 1) inhumane, cruel, brutal

title: бесчеловечный


text:
瘤牛

Noun

 * 1) zebu domesticated ox native to Asia and Africa

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1) zebu

title: 瘤牛


text:
横断歩道

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) crosswalk, pedestrian crossing, zebra crossing

title: 横断歩道


text:
縞馬

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) a zebra

title: 縞馬