text:
Citations:tweep

Noun: "a chirp or beep"

 * 1995 — John Wynne, The Listener's Guide to Audio Books: Reviews, Recommendations, and Listings for More Than 2,000 Titles, Fireside (1995), ISBN 0684802392, page 321:
 * The readers are Star Trek cast members, and the sound is enhanced with authentic, Enterprise-sounding beeps and tweeps.
 * 2005 — Peter Benchley, Shark Life: True Stories About Sharks & the Sea, Yearling (2007), ISBN 9780440419549, page 141:
 * The clicks, whistles, and tweeps, I learned later, were the whales discussing us.
 * 2006 — John A . Fischer, The Flight of the Blackbird, iUniverse (2006), ISBN 9780595406920, page 237:
 * And for a moment, the odd chirps and tweeps about them did not register.
 * 2008 — Eric W. Bragg, The Midnight Blade of Sonic Honey, Oyster Moon Press (2008), ISBN 9781435714281, page 106:
 * Many of the neighboring birds had already begun their preliminary chirps, sending out those quirky little twits and tweeps that announce their presence
 * 2010 — Ken Lauter, Songs from Walnut Canyon, Xlibris (2010), ISBN 9781453593707, page 11:
 * As we approached the rim, a series of piercing notes floated up from below — loud, resounding tweeps — probably a jay or a crow.

Verb: "to chirp or beep"

 * 1992 — Philippa Gregory, Alice Hartley's Happiness, Harper (2009), ISBN 9780006514657, page 107:
 * Birds tweeped approvingly in the trees above her head.
 * 1996 — Lauraine Snelling, A New Day Rising, Bethany House Publishers (1996), ISBN 9780764201929, unnumbered page:
 * A bird tweeped and twittered on a thistle by the side of the trail.
 * 1999 — Laura Kalpakian, Steps and Exes: A Novel of Family, Bard (1999), ISBN 9780380977673, page 103:
 * No ubiquitous telephones, no fax machines or computers burping and tweeping and chirping their electronic chirps.
 * 2001 — Ted Dekker & Bill Bright, Blessed Child, Thomas Nelson (2001), ISBN 9780849945137, page 283:
 * Her phone tweeped and she unfolded it.
 * 2003 — Briana Bryant, "The Beauty of Life", in Student Bylines: Anthology, Volume 1 (eds. Susan Daniels & Seth Vincent), Writers Club Press (2003), ISBN 0595271332, page 118:
 * A tiny bird tweeps in its nest, a small smile creeps over my face as a dainty buttercup grins up at me, its mellow butter alighting my face with sunshine.

Verb: "(euphemistic) to kill; to assassinate"

 * 1978 — Jim Hougan, Spooks: The Haunting of America — The Private Use of Secret Agents, William Morrow and Company Inc. (1978), ISBN 9780688033552, page 276:
 * Because the order to "tweep" the major came from the American command, they could have been executed for refusing to carry it out.
 * 1997 — William B. Breuer, Vendetta!: Fidel Castro and the Kennedy Brothers, John Wiley (1997), ISBN 9780471184560:
 * Robert Maheu, tough, astute, dynamic, was the perfect professional to implement the CIA scheme to tweep Fidel Castro.
 * 2008 — Allan "Lucky" Cole, Lucky in Cyprus: A True Story About a Teacher, a Boy, an Earthquake, Some Terrorists and the CIA, page 127:
 * If I was Stalin I wouldn't stand so tall at the next May Day Parade. Liable to get himself tweeped."
 * Lucky knew that "tweep" was agency talk for "Terminate With Extreme Prejudice" — an order of a sanctioned assassination.

Noun: "(Internet, slang) a Twitter user"

 * 2009 — Kevin Makice, Twitter API: Up and Running, O'Reilly Media (2009), ISBN 9780596154615, page 163:
 * The format and response are the same as for the follow request, except you are removing rather than adding a tweep.
 * 2010 — Maria Azua, The Social Factor: Innovate, Ignite, and Win Through Mass Collaboration and Social Networking, IBM Press (2010), ISBN 9780137018901, page 167:
 * When you establish a Twitter network, you can even use a tool called "Mr. Tweet" that analyzes your network and suggests other "tweeps" — another name for Twitter users — you might be interested in following.
 * 2011 — David Javerbaum (writing as God), The Last Testament: A Memoir, Simon & Schuster (2011), ISBN 9781451640182, page 305:
 * As astute tweeps will observe, I myself only follow one other person, the one thou callest "Justin Bieber";
 * 2011 — Jonathon Keats, Virtual Words: Language on the Edge of Science and Technology, Oxford University Press (2011), ISBN 9780195398540, page 95:
 * And it is against this cultural backdrop that Twitter has come closest to alienating its tweeps.
 * 2011 — Jessica Rudd, Ruby Blues, The Text Publishing Company (2011), ISBN 9781921921070, unnumbered page:
 * 'Tweeps want a more active role in democracy and as the medium expands it's become more representative of public opinion — not just the chattering classes.
 * 2012 — Sarah-Jayne Gratton & Dean Anthony Gratton, Zero to 100,000: Social Media Tips and Tricks for Small Businesses, Pearson Education, Inc., ISBN 9780789748003, page 192:
 * For brands, tweeting under their brand names can make sense, but they should add the name of the "human" tweep somewhere, ideally in the profile (like "Nikita is tweeting for Marcello.ink).

title: Citations:tweep


text: tūpļus

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: tūpļus


text: tūpļu

title: tūpļu


text: Costa-Ricaners

title: Costa-Ricaners


text: tūpļiem

title: tūpļiem


text: tūpļos

title: tūpļos


text:
seminarius

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) seminarian

title: seminarius


text:
tweep

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) A chirp or beep.

Verb

 * 1) To chirp or beep.

Etymology 2
From, acronym of , a US military intelligence and CIA euphemism for "kill, assassinate" that was first used in the 1960s.

Verb

 * 1)  To kill; to assassinate.

Etymology 3
.

Noun

 * 1)  A user of the Twitter microblogging service.
 * 2)  A Twitter employee.
 * 1)  A Twitter employee.
 * 1)  A Twitter employee.
 * 1)  A Twitter employee.

title: tweep


text:
äänirakko

Noun

 * 1)  vocal sac

title: äänirakko


text:
bewater

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  To water about or all over; cover, douse, or fill with water; make wet; water; hydrate.

title: bewater


title: Template:lv-decl-noun-6


text:
anal gland

Noun

 * 1)  A small paired sebaceous gland found near the anus in many mammals, secreting a liquid that is used for identification of members within the species.

Translations

 * Catalan: glàndula anal
 * Finnish: anaalirauhanen
 * German: Analdrüse
 * Portuguese: glândula anal

title: anal gland


text:
Category:Latvian sixth declension nouns

List of Latvian sixth declenion nouns (i.e., feminine nouns ending in -s in the nominative and genitive singular — except for, a masculine noun with only plural forms).

title: Category:Latvian sixth declension nouns


text:
Citations:tweeps

Noun: "(Internet, slang, plurale tantum) Twitter followers, especially one's own"

 * 2010 — Liz Fielding, Mistletoe and the Lost Stiletto, Harlequin (2010), ISBN 9781426874901, unnumbered page:
 * Thanks for concern, tweeps.
 * 2010 — Rick Mathieson, The On-Demand Brand: 10 Rules for Digital Marketing Success in an Anytime, Everywhere World, AMACOM (2010), ISBN 9780814415726, page xii:
 * and when actor Ashton Kutcher became the first person to top 1 million Twitter followers, or "tweeps."
 * 2010 — Tori Spelling, Uncharted TerriTORI, Gallery Books (2010), ISBN 9781439187715, page 75:
 * "Star magazine says we have a loveless marriage." I told my tweeps not to believe it.
 * 2012 — Leonard Sweet, Viral: How Social Networking Is Poised to Ignite Revival, WaterBrook Press (2012), ISBN 9780307459152, pages 64-65:
 * I want my tweeps (people who follow me and whom I follow) either to smile after reading one of my tweets or to shake their heads and sing, "What a Tweep We Have in Jesus."

title: Citations:tweeps


text:
bewatered

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Watered about or all over; wet; hydrated.
 * 2) Covered or filled with water; having much water or abounding in water.

Synonyms

 * See also Thesaurus:wet
 * See also Thesaurus:wet

title: bewatered


text: naktīs

title: naktīs


text: naktīm

title: naktīm


text:
tweeps

Noun

 * 1)  Twitter followers, especially one's own.

title: tweeps


text: nakšu

title: nakšu


text: nakti

title: nakti


text: naktī

title: naktī


text: naktij

title: naktij


text: asins

title: asins


text: apprentisage

title: apprentisage


text: asiņu

title: asiņu


text:
つうしんしゃ

Noun

 * 1)  a news agency

title: つうしんしゃ


text: tsūshinsha

title: tsūshinsha


text:
Citations:tweeple

Noun: "plural of tweep (a Twitter user)"

 * 2008 — Deborah Micek & Warren Whitlock, Twitter Revolution: How Social Media and Mobile Marketing is Changing the Way We Do Business & Market Online, Xeno Press (2008), ISBN 9781934275078, page 36:
 * She's the chatty one that gets involved, has multiple conversations at once, connects with tweeple, talks about topics, brings up polls, and asks lots of questions to get her tribe communicating and debating with one another.
 * 2010 — Ray Vukcevich, "One Big Monkey", in Is Anybody Out There? (eds. Nick Gevers and Marty Halpern), Daw Books (2010), ISBN 9781101434604, unnumbered page:
 * DaveToMars tweets, "Thanks for all the suggestions, tweeple, but I must come up with something on my own!"
 * 2011 — Joshua Waldman, Job Searching with Social Media for Dummies, John Wiley & Sons (2011), ISBN 9780470930724, page 208:
 * The catch to achieving a 100 percent FF ratio is that the tweeple you follow don't necessarily follow you back.
 * 2012 — Julie James, About That Night, Berkley Sensation (2012), ISBN 9781101561379, unnumbered page:
 * Take that, tweeple.

title: Citations:tweeple


text: つうしん

title: つうしん


text:
tweeple

Etymology
.

title: tweeple


text: tsūshin

title: tsūshin


text:
limapussintulehdus

Noun

 * 1)  bursitis

title: limapussintulehdus


text:
痛心

Adjective

 * 1) pained; distressed; grieved

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) emotional suffering, extreme worry or anxiety

Verb

 * 1) to suffer emotionally, to be extremely worried or anxious

title: 痛心


text:
limapussi

Noun

 * 1)  bursa

title: limapussi


text:
bewelter

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  To welter all over; besmear by weltering.

title: bewelter


text:
tiosulfato

Noun

 * 1)  thiosulfate

title: tiosulfato


text: tiosulfatos

title: tiosulfatos


text: asinīm

title: asinīm


text:
bursiitti

Etymology
(see 🇨🇬).

Noun

 * 1)  bursitis

title: bursiitti


text: asinīs

title: asinīs


text:
bewaste

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  To waste utterly or completely.

title: bewaste


text:
Template talk:is-inflection of

Hello all! I'm not sure if I did it right, but I just added a couple #ifs so that when the 6th argument has anything in it, the page will be categorised as a proper noun instead of a noun. Can somebody check it, and if it doesn't work, tell me? Thanks --Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 16:34, 12 June 2012 (UTC)
 * It works alright, thanks. 50 Xylophone Players talk 01:31, 17 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Would you prefer it to be enabled in a different manner (proper=yes or something else that would make more sense) than the current system? Or maybe would you want it to have both options? --Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 04:23, 17 June 2012 (UTC)

title: Template talk:is-inflection of


text:
digid

Noun

 * 1) esteem

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) digit

title: digid


text: cousin-germans

title: cousin-germans


text: cousins-german

title: cousins-german


text:
suonikalvo

Noun

 * 1)  chorion

title: suonikalvo


text:
sîx

Noun

 * 1) pike

title: sîx


text:
betined

Adjective

 * 1)  Hedged about.

title: betined


text: vuohten

title: vuohten


text:
forsaura

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) pan

title: forsaura


text:
beturn

Etymology
From, from , , equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1)  To turn round or about.
 * 2)  To turn around; turn back; return.

title: beturn


text:
tigaie

Etymology
or, from.

Noun

 * 1) frying pan, pan

title: tigaie


text:
cratiță

Etymology
. Probably of origin. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) pot (for cooking), saucepan
 * 2) pan

title: cratiță


text:
Вроцлав

Etymology
.

Etymology
.

title: Вроцлав


text: Познань

title: Познань


text: Гданськ

title: Гданськ


text: Гданьск

title: Гданьск


text: Гдањск

title: Гдањск


text: Гданск

title: Гданск


text:
izote

Etymology
, attested in the compound.

Noun

 * 1) a species of yucca,, native to Mexico and Central America

title: izote


text: izotes

title: izotes


text:
Lewandowski

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Lewandowski is the 3110th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 11577 individuals. Lewandowski is most common among White (95.59%) individuals.

Etymology
From.

Etymology
.

title: Lewandowski


text:
Kowalczyk

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) ; one of the most popular surnames in Poland

Proper noun

 * 1) ; one of the most popular surnames in Poland

Etymology
Borrowed from.

title: Kowalczyk


text: huitlacoches

title: huitlacoches


text:
Kamiński

Etymology
From (place name meaning "stone") +.

title: Kamiński


text:
Zieliński

Etymology
From various toponyms derived from.

Proper noun

 * 1) ; one of the most popular surnames in Poland

title: Zieliński


text: cuitlacoches

title: cuitlacoches


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/straik

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1)  stroke, line, dash


text:
యముడు

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) Yama, the Hindu God of death.

title: యముడు


text:
Szymański

Proper noun

 * 1) ; one of the most common surnames in Poland

title: Szymański


text:
Reconstruction talk:Proto-West Germanic/straik

streek
Yep, related to streak; wasn't sure if it might have been a conflation/partial derivation though. Leasnam (talk) 18:12, 12 June 2012 (UTC)

German Streich
A user said that according to Kluge the word does not belong here, which is wrong. Kluge says it's derived from the verb at hand in streichen, but by that he must mean an old ablaut formation, since he very unambiguously derives the word from MHG streich, which can only be from Germanic straik-, not strīk-. I've added it back to the list. Kolmiel (talk) 17:23, 14 May 2016 (UTC)

Oh, and he can't mean the weak verb MHG streichen either, because he mentions the MHG variant strīch, which he says is "closer to the vowel of the present tense", which proves that he means the strong verb. Kolmiel (talk) 17:31, 14 May 2016 (UTC)

 * Some more background: Pfeiffer derives the modern German word from the mentioned MHG variant strīch, but Kluge disagrees as I said, and DWB says that the variant is found only in a handful of attestations. Moreover, the dialectal forms mentioned in DWB all have reflexes of Germanic -ai-. DWB (1957) also says that English "stroke" is a perfect match, though they are not entirely sure whether it's Proto-Germanic or not. -- At any rate, as long as we do reconstruct PG straikaz it seems safe that the German words do belong here. (Actually they are even necessary for the reconstruction because the MLG form could be cognate with German Strich rather than Streich.) Kolmiel (talk) 17:55, 14 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Yes on Middle Low German, it could be either. I left an information note stating that possibility Leasnam (talk) 17:59, 14 May 2016 (UTC)
 * btw, Kolmiel, thank you for looking into this ! :) Leasnam (talk) 18:00, 14 May 2016 (UTC)


text:
వజ్రము

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) diamond

title: వజ్రము


text:
Woźniak

Proper noun

 * 1) ; one of the most popular surnames in Poland
 * 2) ; one of the most popular surnames in Poland

Declension
Masculine surname:

Feminine surname: indeclinable.

title: Woźniak


text:
Jankowski

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Jankowski is the 3964th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 8970 individuals. Jankowski is most common among White (96.03%) individuals.

Etymology
From various toponyms derived from (e.g., , ) +.

title: Jankowski


text:
Mazur

Etymology
From.

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) Masurian; Masovian

Etymology
From.

title: Mazur


text:
Kaczmarek

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Kaczmarek is the 8184th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 4052 individuals. Kaczmarek is most common among White (95.95%) individuals.

Etymology
From,.

title: Kaczmarek


text:
χρησιμοποιούμαι

Verb

 * 1) to be used

title: χρησιμοποιούμαι


text:
Zając

Etymology
From.

title: Zając


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/strikiz

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) line

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/strikiz


text:
Zalewski

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Zalewski is the 8629th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 3812 individuals. Zalewski is most common among White (97.22%) individuals.

Etymology
From.

title: Zalewski


text:
γνωρίζομαι

Verb

 * 1)  to meet, get to know each other

title: γνωρίζομαι


text: γνωρίστηκα

title: γνωρίστηκα


text: fowl-houses

title: fowl-houses


text: asīs

title: asīs


text: asīm

title: asīm


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/straikōn

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to stroke, caress


text: asij

title: asij


text:
pięciobój

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  pentathlon

title: pięciobój


text:
σβήνομαι

Verb

 * 1)  to fade, be erased
 * 2)  to disappear, get lost

title: σβήνομαι


text: σβήστηκα

title: σβήστηκα


text:
dotepenac

Noun

 * 1)  newcomer

title: dotepenac


text: asī

title: asī


text:
dotepuh

Noun

 * 1)  newcomer

title: dotepuh


text:
dojdek

Noun

 * 1)  newcomer

title: dojdek


text:
fiškal

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)   attorney, lawyer
 * 2)  smart aleck, wise guy
 * 1)  smart aleck, wise guy

title: fiškal


text:
jerrybag

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  A woman who consorted with the Germans during the Second World War.

title: jerrybag


text: jerrybags

title: jerrybags


text:
escandiu

Noun

 * 1) scandium

title: escandiu


text: šokolādē

title: šokolādē


text: šokolādi

title: šokolādi


text: šokolādei

title: šokolādei


text: šokolādes

title: šokolādes


text:
User talk:Fejstkajkafski

--Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 19:29, 12 June 2012 (UTC)

Recommendation
For Cyrillic script. Mglovesfun (talk) 09:21, 17 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Thanks, I'll be sure to use that in the future. However, I'd like to point out that three of the four words that you corrected are dialectal and not present in Serbian forms of SC nor written in anything but the Roman script. I excluded the Cyrillic variant as per this part of the Serbo-Croatian writing FAQ - Care should be taken, however, not to provide the Ikavian variant in Cyrillic script, because it has and is historically been written only in Roman script.
 * While this doesn't explicitly mention the Kajkavian dialect, I just assumed that the guideline automatically extends to dialects/words only written in Roman script. That being said, I don't have a problem with including the Cyrillic variant, but Google doesn't show up any relevant results for those words written in Cyrillic. Fejstkajkafski (talk) 13:13, 17 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Damn, good point. I thought the Cyrillic variants was always required. Mglovesfun (talk) 17:40, 17 June 2012 (UTC)

Babel
Would you mind putting the Babel template up for what languages you speak? If some languages don't have any yet, you can use the level template to create it, I think. Bleakgh (talk) 03:11, 18 June 2012 (UTC)

Kajkavian question
Hi! Can you help with WT:TR? 22:03, 23 December 2012 (UTC)

Horugva
Horugva ili korugva je ili hrvatska ili kajkavska,čakavska kakva god reč,i nije poznata nikome van Hrvatske.Zašto je tako ne obeležiš?

Zabadu (talk)

 * Jer nisam upoznat sa jezikom iz svakog kutka ex-Yu, te ne znam rabi li se ona u drugim krajevima. Pravim manju grešku ako ne napišem da se riječ koristi samo u Hrvatskoj (gdje je ona arhaizam), nego ako kojim slučajem napišem krivo, a da je ona zabilježena i negdje drugdje. Zato postoji mogućnost editiranja kako bi se unosi nadopunili informacijama koje mogu pružiti drugi korisnici. kajkavski (talk) 11:21, 29 December 2012 (UTC)

Pa ako je reč kajkavska ili čakavska onda sigurno nije poznata van Hrvatske. Zabadu (talk)
 * Riječ nije kajkavska/čakavska, štokavska je. kajkavski (talk) 11:39, 29 December 2012 (UTC)

Onda je izuzetno retka pošto se ne može naći u većini rečnika.Prilično sam siguran da te reč ne postoji u srpskom.Ta reč mora biti obeležena ili kao retka ili arhaična ili regionalna.To nije standardna reč.Uveren sam da niko u Srbiji ne bi imao predstavu o čemu pričas ako bi rekao korugva.To se ovde zove zastava ili barjak nikako drugačije.Mislim da ne bi ni u Crnoj Gori ni Bosni. Zabadu (talk)

Takođe se nadam da ćeš se složiti da je ugorak veoma retka reč i ako nemaš ništa protiv ja ću je kao takvu i obeležiti

Frend
Why do you delete my contributions?The word is very rare.Very minor ,it is also probably some Croatian slang too.I mean you can delete my mark but that won't really change the fact the word is rare,almost non-existant in Serbia,and isn't used by people 30 years or above.It's not good that you're fooling strangers.

It is not good that you are so Croat-cenric.I will remind you that 10 million Serbs,half million Montenegrins and 3 million Bosniaks would consider this word very very minor.And Croatia is not the center of the Serbo-croat speaking region.I will remind you that language is called Serbo-croatian not Croatian.And Croatian speakers make only 1/4(1/3 max) of all Serbo-Croat speaking population.

Voleo bih da mi odgovoriš i nadam se da si uvideo svoju grešku.Razmisli malo,pa ćeš shvatiti da sam u pravu,pa ćeš zato nadam se vratiti oznaku rare kao što si vratio oznaku Croatia.Hvala

Zabadu (talk)

 * If you think all Croatian terms should be marked as rare, consult an administrator and enforce it across the entire site. I really don't have time to debate nationalists. kajkavski (talk) 16:10, 8 January 2013 (UTC)

Well I guess you're are right.Maybe we should mark Croatian words as minor and rare,because technically they are.Or make a separate Croatian language. Zabadu (talk)

kajkavska akcentuacija
Znaš što o njoj? :) Bilo bi kul imati sve one kajkavizme transkribirano u IPA... Nekako mi se čini protuprirodan blud svaki put kad nakelemim novoštokavske naglaske u odsječcima za izgovor. --Ivan Štambuk (talk) 13:46, 3 March 2013 (UTC)

I was orphaning and deleting some Serbo-Croatian declension templates created eons ago for testing purposes, and noticed this one that you created relatively recently. The problem with SC inflection is that it's too complex and there are too many exception and corner cases (think about stuff as animacy, consonant changes due to iotations, palatalizations etc., accents, -ov-/-ev- and -j- infixes etc.) to be easily automatible. There are a few hundred different patterns that would be nightmare to encode in code and use properly. By far the easiest way would be to simply add inflections manually, which is for a native speaker some 15-20 seconds of work by copy/pasting the word stem.

Particular concern are accents, which should in theory be provided for every inflected form. In some future we plan to add those as well, probably in a semi-automated fashion, tagging the word into appropriate accentual class (listed in grammar books, and whose patterns need to be first created as Wiktionary appendices). Given that accents are basically pseudo-randomly distributed in Serbo-Croatian, by taking them in consideration the effort of encoding inflectional patterns in templates becomes an order of magnitude more difficult job, even with straightforward classes like that covered by this template.

Now, feminine nouns that do undergo inflection by this template have lots of regularity. I have no problems with you or anyone else using this particular template to save some typing. However, I would like to eventually orphan them all through fully-provided inflectional tables that add additional value (accents, and dual/alternative forms in genitive plural in -a/-i come to mind). I hope you don't mind me doing that :) Cheers! --Ivan Štambuk (talk) 17:07, 10 July 2013 (UTC)

 * I don't mind it at all, for the most part it was just a test. Oh and thanks for adding the pronunciation as well as accents on some of the entries I created. Fejstkajkafski (talk) 13:08, 14 July 2013 (UTC)

title: User talk:Fejstkajkafski


text: šokolāžu

title: šokolāžu


text:
cromu

Noun

 * 1) chromium

title: cromu


text: šokolādēm

title: šokolādēm


text: šokolādēs

title: šokolādēs


text: Category:lv:Mustelids

title: Category:lv:Mustelids


text:
llenador

Adjective

 * 1) filling

title: llenador


text:
cobaltu

Noun

 * 1) cobalt

title: cobaltu


text: pizotes

title: pizotes


text: astēs

title: astēs


text:
xermaniu

Noun

 * 1) germanium

title: xermaniu


text:
arsénicu

Noun

 * 1) arsenic

title: arsénicu


text:
bromu

Noun

 * 1) bromine

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  bromine chemical element

title: bromu


text:
criptón

Noun

 * 1) krypton

Etymology
, neuter of.

Noun

 * 1) krypton

title: criptón


text:
estronciu

Noun

 * 1) strontium

title: estronciu


text: astēm

title: astēm


text:
itriu

Noun

 * 1) yttrium

title: itriu


text: astei

title: astei


text:
circoniu

Noun

 * 1) zirconium

title: circoniu


text: closamhairc

title: closamhairc


text:
molibdenu

Noun

 * 1) molybdenum

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  molybdenum chemical element

title: molibdenu


text:
tecneciu

Noun

 * 1) technetium

title: tecneciu


text: astē

title: astē


text: sealltainnean

title: sealltainnean


text:
sealltainn air ais

Etymology
+

Noun

 * 1) retrospect

title: sealltainn air ais


text: sealltainnean air ais

title: sealltainnean air ais


text: retrospects

title: retrospects


text: closamharclainne

title: closamharclainne


text: closamharclanna

title: closamharclanna


text: astrofiziku

title: astrofiziku


text: astrofizikas

title: astrofizikas


text: astrofizikai

title: astrofizikai


text:
closamharclann

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) audiovisual theatre

title: closamharclann


text: astrofizikā

title: astrofizikā


text:
estañu

Etymology
From, , of origin.

Noun

 * 1) tin

title: estañu


text: clostrealaimh

title: clostrealaimh


text:
clostrealamh

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) audio equipment

title: clostrealamh


text:
antimoniu

Noun

 * 1) antimony

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) antimony

title: antimoniu


text:
bat one's eyes

Verb

 * 1)  To signal or feign by fluttering one's eyelids, as romantic interest.

Translations

 * French:
 * Spanish: hacer ojitos

title: bat one's eyes


text:
teluriu

Noun

 * 1) tellurium

title: teluriu


text:
trealamh éisteachta

Noun

 * 1) audio equipment

title: trealamh éisteachta


text: bat one's eyelashes

title: bat one's eyelashes


text:
yodu

Noun

 * 1) iodine

title: yodu


text: éisteachta

title: éisteachta


text:
vezda

Adverb

 * 1)  now

title: vezda


text: clostráchta

title: clostráchta


text: clostráchtaí

title: clostráchtaí


text:
clostrácht

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  hearsay

title: clostrácht


text: closmhéadrachta

title: closmhéadrachta


text:
tántalu

Noun

 * 1) tantalum

title: tántalu


text:
Spendierhosen

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) * 2012 May 16, Zweite Breg-Querung bis Jahresende baureif, Südkurier
 * "de"
 * 1) * 2012 May 16, Zweite Breg-Querung bis Jahresende baureif, Südkurier
 * "de"
 * "de"

- Diese Vorhersage gab die Verwaltung gestern dem Gemeinderat, nachdem das Land überraschend große Spendierhosen angezogen hat.

title: Spendierhosen


text:
volframiu

Noun

 * 1) tungsten

title: volframiu


text:
cvetje

Noun

 * 1)  flowers

Noun

 * 1) flowers (collective)

title: cvetje


text:
spodnji

Adjective

 * 1)  lower

title: spodnji


text: atveres

title: atveres


text: atverēs

title: atverēs


text: atveri

title: atveri


text: atverē

title: atverē


text: atverei

title: atverei


text: atveru

title: atveru


text:
več

Adverb

 * 1)  more
 * več jih je bilo — there were more of them
 * 1)  plus (mathematics)
 * pet več deset — five plus ten

Adverb

 * 1) ; more

title: več


text: atverēm

title: atverēm


text:
platín

Noun

 * 1) platinum

title: platín


text:
mercuriu

Noun

 * 1) mercury

title: mercuriu


text: closghraim

title: closghraim


text: closleabhair

title: closleabhair


text:
bismutu

Noun

 * 1) bismuth

title: bismutu


text: closbhaic

title: closbhaic


text: clos-aschuir

title: clos-aschuir


text: closaonaid

title: closaonaid


text:
astatu

Noun

 * 1) astatine

title: astatu


text: closmhéadair

title: closmhéadair


text: closchaiséid

title: closchaiséid


text: closáin

title: closáin


text: closchonsóil

title: closchonsóil


text:
lantanu

Noun

 * 1) lanthanum

title: lantanu


text: closchomhdhála

title: closchomhdhála


text: closchomhdhálacha

title: closchomhdhálacha


text:
praseodimiu

Noun

 * 1) praseodymium

title: praseodimiu


text:
closchomhdháil

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) audioconferencing

title: closchomhdháil


text:
neodimu

Noun

 * 1) neodymium

title: neodimu


text: worksteads

title: worksteads


text:
prometiu

Noun

 * 1) promethium

title: prometiu


text: clostimpeallachta

title: clostimpeallachta


text:
clostimpeallacht

Noun

 * 1) aural environment

title: clostimpeallacht


text:
closmhéadar

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  acoumeter, audiometer

title: closmhéadar


text:
gda

Etymology
.

Adverb

 * 1)  ever, sometimes

Conjunction

 * 1)  when

title: gda


text:
iterbiu

Noun

 * 1) ytterbium

title: iterbiu


text:
luteciu

Noun

 * 1) lutetium

title: luteciu


text:
closleabhar

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) audiobook

title: closleabhar


text: horumiumu

title: horumiumu


text:
einsteniu

Noun

 * 1) einsteinium

title: einsteniu


text:
mendeleviu

Noun

 * 1) mendelevium

title: mendeleviu


text:
phytosanitaire

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) phytosanitary

title: phytosanitaire


text:
laurenciu

Noun

 * 1) lawrencium

title: laurenciu


text:
ユーロピウム

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) europium, Eu

title: ユーロピウム


text:
polythiazyle

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  polythiazyl

title: polythiazyle


text:
polythiazyl

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  A polymer of sulfur nitride that is an electrical conductor

title: polythiazyl


text: yūropiumu

title: yūropiumu


text:
thiazyle

Noun

 * 1)  thiazyl

title: thiazyle


text: prétendants

title: prétendants


text: purifiée

title: purifiée


text: purifiés

title: purifiés


text: purifiées

title: purifiées


text:
péroxydase

Noun

 * 1)  peroxidase

title: péroxydase


text:
radiotoxicologue

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) radiotoxicologist

title: radiotoxicologue


text: kobaruto

title: kobaruto


text:
redresseur

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) rectifier

title: redresseur


text: Hoddle

title: Hoddle


text:
combustion engine

Noun

 * 1) an engine that uses the combustion of fuel to produce work (movement)

Translations

 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * German:
 * Polish: silnik spalinowy
 * Spanish:
 * Tagalog: liyabing likhisog

title: combustion engine


text:
verbrandingsmotor

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) combustion engine

title: verbrandingsmotor


text:
externe verbrandingsmotor

Noun

 * 1) external combustion engine

title: externe verbrandingsmotor


text:
interne verbrandingsmotor

Noun

 * 1) internal combustion engine

title: interne verbrandingsmotor


text:
Wieczorek

Etymology
From.

title: Wieczorek


text:
ralier

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1) to gather up; to collect up

Etymology 1
.

Verb

 * 1) to gather up; to collect up

Etymology 2
.

Verb

 * 1) to gather up; to collect up

title: ralier


text:
Szczęsny

Etymology
From, a.

title: Szczęsny


text:
Polański

Proper noun

 * Roman Polański
 * Roman Polański

title: Polański


text:
Błaszczykowski

Etymology
From unknown +.

title: Błaszczykowski


text:
alveolar dead space

Noun

 * 1)  The volume of air in the alveoli of the lung which does not partake in the exchange of gas.

Translations

 * Portuguese: espaço morto

title: alveolar dead space


text:
kteri

Etymology
, definite of.

Pronoun

 * 1)  which, what
 * Kteri je denes den? — What day is it today?.
 * 1)  which, that, who
 * 2)  some

title: kteri


text:
draoncle

Noun

 * 1) boil pocket of puss on the skin

title: draoncle


text:
limnologiste

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) limnologist

title: limnologiste


text:
draoncler

Verb

 * 1) to suppurate

title: draoncler


text: rancler

title: rancler


text: raancler

title: raancler


text:
gdo

Etymology
, from,.

Pronoun

 * 1)  who
 * 2)  any, anyone
 * 1)  any, anyone

title: gdo


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/strangiz

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) string

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/strangiz


text:
stem family

Noun

 * 1)  A family system in which a couple's firstborn child lives with them in the family home, and that child's spouse moves into the home of said in-laws, so that the younger couple's children are raised in the home of their grandparents. Usually, the younger offspring move out upon marriage. The inheritance, depending on the culture, may or may not be the most favorable to the firstborn.

title: stem family


text:
User:KYPark/duke

duke
--KYPark (talk) 16:05, 27 May 2012 (UTC)
 * Bulgarian: дук
 * Catalan: duc
 * Dalmatian: ducat
 * English: duke
 * French:
 * Greek: δούκας
 * Ancient Greek: δούξ
 * Irish:
 * Italian:
 * Latin:
 * Manx:
 * Old French: duc
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Scottish Gaelic:
 * Spanish:
 * Bulgarian: херцог
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Latgalian: gercogs
 * Latvian: herzogs
 * Limburgish:
 * Norwegian:
 * Old English: heretoga
 * Old High German: herizogo
 * Russian:
 * Swedish:
 * West Frisian:
 * The top 3 items are deleted so as to begin with the Bulgarian on both sides. --KYPark (talk) 16:20, 27 May 2012 (UTC)

By the way, is pretty good now, although it doesn't include all the Latin derived terms from duco: and it also circumvents the whole Herzog mess, which covers a lot of langauges. --Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 22:37, 31 May 2012 (UTC)
 * I also wonder whether the Celtic terms are really inherited or loaned from Latin, maybe via English. I think Angr might know more about that. 22:51, 31 May 2012 (UTC)
 * Yes, the Irish, Manx, and Scottish Gaelic terms are all loanwords from English. —Angr 08:08, 2 June 2012 (UTC)
 * I doubt the English influence, which is perhaps overdone. --KYPark (talk) 14:50, 2 June 2012 (UTC)
 * English influence is the only way to account for the palatalization of the d to [dʲ], the long [uː], and the fact that the final consonant is [k]. If the word had been borrowed directly from Latin, it would be duch [dˠʊx] in Irish and correspondingly different in Scottish Gaelic and Manx. —Angr 15:08, 2 June 2012 (UTC)

title: User:KYPark/duke


text:
pungkula

Noun

 * 1)  testicle

title: pungkula


text:
limnologique

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) limnological

title: limnologique


text:
anatomic dead space

Noun

 * 1)  The volume of conducting airways of the lung, as measured by a cast of the airways.
 * 2)  The volume of inspired gas that does not mix with alveolar gas, as measured in vivo by gas dilution, by the method of Fowler.

title: anatomic dead space


text: Template:lv-decl-noun-šanās

title: Template:lv-decl-noun-šanās


text:
paternal grandchild

Noun

 * 1) the child of one's son: a grandchild to whom one is the paternal grandparent
 * Men who become fathers later in life may pass a mark of longevity down to their paternal grandchildren.

title: paternal grandchild


text:
maternal grandchild

Noun

 * 1) the child of one's daughter: a grandchild to whom one is the maternal grandparent

title: maternal grandchild


text:
Category:Latvian defective -šanās declension nouns

List of words that follow the defective reflexive declention: most end in -šanās, a few in -tājās, -tājies, and -umies.


text: augšāmcelšanos

title: augšāmcelšanos


text:
vēlēšanās

Etymology 1
See.

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1) wish, desire, longing, yearning

title: vēlēšanās


text: vēlēšanos

title: vēlēšanos


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/Code help

Hey, as I suggested on Metaknowledge's talk, I'm coming to you for some help now. I just can't see to understand some of this code...Yet again, it's a snippet from an Icelandic declension template.

|dats=

One thing really confusing me is that third nested switch:

Just what the hell does that do?? switch ? What? o.o

title: Thread:User talk:CodeCat/Code help


text:
User:KYPark/mor

mor

 * Revision as of 16:41, 29 May 2006 (edited by) User:Widsith

The citation is needed to clear up the following doubts: --KYPark (talk) 01:47, 10 April 2012 (UTC)
 * 1) That mor makes the second sense "mountain," although this second sounds rather like an antonym to the first.
 * 2) That mor gave way to morberige, while which sense is unclear, "moor" or "mountain," and while it is derived from morus more allegedly and acceptedly elsewhere, within Wiktionary at least.
 * I would be very skeptical of deriving from 'either "moor" or "mountain", since the tree isn't particularly associated with either. Besides, Latin  is too good a fit to ignore without a very good reason. Chuck Entz (talk) 05:26, 10 April 2012 (UTC)
 * The said editor User:Widsith is an expert in Old English, as far as I know. The question may be not that simple. Latin morus and morum appear poorly rendered here in meaning and etymology, etc. Refer to Ancient Greek μόρον (moron), (1) black mulberry and (2) blackberry. (The mulberry is almost black!) These suggest "any black berry," briefly but broadly, or far more broadly than the mere mulberry, which had been either rather rare or rarely cared in Europe until it became crazy about silk rather recently or posterior to Ancient Greek! The mulberry, however newly popular, is just a mere black berry, whether mountainous or cultivated, or while it grows mountaineous before cultivated. One more thing is that the black berry is found abundant in the moorland, as well as in the mountain, such as bilberry, blueberry, cranberry or mossberry, fenberry, huckleberry, etc. --KYPark (talk) 09:01, 10 April 2012 (UTC)
 * (I am not an expert. < class="latinx" >Ƿidsiþ 12:41, 14 April 2012 (UTC))
 * Then please advise us who is a real expert, within Wiktionary, you should know. --KYPark (talk) 09:40, 16 April 2012 (UTC)
 * I never said he wasn't an expert. Plant names are a rather specialized sub-field, though, and one can find dictionaries that disagree with him on this point. As for the relationship between mulberry and blackberry: it isn't really just about the color. Both are very similar in shape, being compound fruits.
 * In Romance languages, you can definitely see the connection of the two senses, but they aren't always randomly interchangeable. Although French refers to both by the same name, Spanish refers to the tree as, with the berry being (fruit names tend to use one gender for the plant and another for the plant, though the specific genders vary), and blackberry as , from =vine + . You may notice that the tree follows the multi-gender pattern, but the vine has both fruit and plant as feminine- suggesting it's a secondary derivation.
 * In Germanic languages. the derivative seems to refer mostly to the tree, since the vine is a familiar northern European native with local names, but the tree is more of foreign origin, with the name being borrowed with the tree. Modern descendants include German  and English . The fact that  refers to the tree and not the vine is probably the most significant evidence for the meaning of the Old English term. Chuck Entz (talk) 13:28, 10 April 2012 (UTC)
 * I should add that blackberry is a specific term for species in the genus Rubus, and shouldn't be confused with the concept of a berry that's black in color: berries like the moorland species you mentioned (I'm not familiar with a couple of the names, though) are never properly referred to as blackberries, just as crows are black birds, but not blackbirds. Chuck Entz (talk) 13:49, 10 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Most berries, when fully ripened, become dark or deep colored rather than literally black. By moron Ancient Greek and most Romance languages (except Latin morum here) mean not just the mulberry (fruit than tree) but practically the berry in general or Rubus. Simply, Ancient Greek moron is English berry, to me. Then, to say mulberry is to say berryberry, granted that the first part mul- was purely derived from moron. This overlap is so funny that Widsith's etymology may be more preferable to yours and many others. Actually, for example, Blackberry that is practically moron or Rubus is linked to 산딸기 literally "mountain berry" in accordance with Widsith's second sense. Overwhelmed by the emerging cultivars, however, this archaic sense is getting less and less and less. Such may have been the case with the archaic sense of morberige thus reduced to the tree feeding the silkworm. --KYPark (talk) 15:36, 10 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Errata: Rubus instead of Blackberry links to 산딸기속 "mountain berry species" instead of 산딸기 "mountain berry" either literally. --KYPark (talk) 03:40, 11 April 2012 (UTC)
 * My understanding is that the Ancient Greek word had two senses: mulberry (Morus species) and blackberry (Rubus species). These are very different botanically, but the fruits look almost identical and quite unlike any other berries from the area. I notice that the blackberry was referred to in at least one ancient text as “  " (ref: LSJ at Perseus, which basically means moron of the [batos] ( gives its name to the study of the genus Rubus, batology). Where this dual meaning is split, as in Spanish, it's the Rubus sense that takes the qualifying adjective, while Morus sense keeps the unqualified form. More to the point, I have yet to see any evidence that the Rubus sense ever made it into the Germanic languages that borrowed the word from Latin- but the modern-day descendants of those loanwords seem to all have the Morus sense. Until I see some actual evidence that  refers to anything other than mulberries||, I have to conclude that all the other stuff you've brought up has no bearing on this topic whatsoever. [[User:Chuck Entz|Chuck Entz (talk) 10:50, 11 April 2012 (UTC)
 * My understanding is that you may misunderstand my original stand point that I'm in a position of learning rather than teaching or imposing anything authoritatively. Even my table below is borrowed and just made sortable for everybody's reference in helping rethink the etymology of morberige as suggested not by myself but by Widsith. (You may find it rubbish but some others might otherwise.) In the beginning I just asked for the "citation needed" for that, hopefully supplied by him as the responsible editor. Indeed I wished him to respond. It's you, I fear, who jumped in and made the matter more complicated than I expected in the beginning, though you are quite alright and welcome to do so as far as you keep fair. Unfair to me, for example, was your uneasy opening response "I never said he wasn't an expert." I never said you said that! I just meant I respect his expertise, regardless of your judgment and mindless of imposing my judgment on anyone. It's up to you whatever conclusion you make. But it may be a personal attack to say "all the other stuff you've brought up has no bearing on this topic whatsoever," I fear. I may help note that archaic moron means not only Morus but also Rubus whereas its likely descendant mulberry only the former. Isn't this where some anomaly may be found at all? It is also noteworthy that the dual meaning of moron is more likely to stem from the similar fruits than the different genera Morus and Rubus, regardless of which one came first. It is doubtful or unlikely, however, that the moron meant the very mulberry in the beginning. The right etymology of morberige may be able to clear up such doubts. --KYPark (talk) 16:21, 11 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Here's what I've found so far:

morberige

 * 1) An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (Bosworth-Toller), Supplement, p.642 (ref: )
 * 2) *môr-berige, an; f. A mulberry: — Hî mid môrberium gebyldon þa ylpas (to the end they might provoke the elephants to fight, they showed them the blood of grapes and mulberries, I Macc. 6, 34), for ðam þe môr-berian him is metta leófost, Hml. S. 25, 576.
 * 3) Aelfric's Lives of the Saints 25:574-576, which in this passage is retelling the story of I Maccabees in Old English (ref: )
 * Þa haeðenan ða ferdon to ðam gefeohte swyðe
 * and mid môr-berium gebyldon þa ylpas
 * forðan þe môr-berian him is metta leofost
 * The heathen then went to the battle swiftly,
 * and with mulberries emboldened the elephants,
 * because mulberries are to them the pleasantest of food
 * 1) I Maccabees 6:34, the oldest surviving version of which is the Septuagint (there probably was a Hebrew or Aramaic original that's lost), with the Vulgate being the version best known in the medieval church (ref:).
 * 2) * Septuagint (Ancient Greek/koine):καὶ τοῖς ἐλέφασιν ἔδειξα αἷμα σταφυλῆς καὶ μόρων τοῦ παραστῆσαι αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸν πόλεμον
 * 3) * Vulgate (Latin): et elefantis ostenderunt sanguinem uvae et mori ad acuendos eos in proelium
 * 4) * King James: And to the end they might provoke the elephants to fight, they shewed them the blood of grapes and mulberries.

(forgot to sign earlier) Chuck Entz (talk) 15:02, 14 April 2012 (UTC)

 * elephant
 * The elephant would better be the wolf.

 * blood of grapes and mulberries
 * While this may be literally nonsensical, it could mean the kinship of grapes and berries, that is, of Latin vinum and merum, as related to wine, that is, cultural and natural grapes. --KYPark (talk) 10:33, 17 April 2012 (UTC)

 * No one is suggesting ylp as wolf, since wulf is a well-known term for that in Old English. There's no need to speculate about the meaning of blood of grapes and mulberries: it's obviously a reference to the juice, which allegedly looked enough like blood to agitate the elephants into fighting. I'm sure that elephants were unfamiliar enough to the writer that some rumors or folk beliefs may have been aded to the historical account. They certainly were unknown in England, so it's not surprising that Aelfric missed the point of the passage and went astray with some idle speculation about the reason the juice was shown to the elephants. Old English had names for elephants, lions, and camels, but they were legendary beasts from faraway places. It would seem like mulberries would have had similar status, unless some of the less-perishable products made from the fruit might have made their way there in trade with countries to the south. Chuck Entz (talk) 13:00, 17 April 2012 (UTC)

 * http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=mulberry&allowed_in_frame=0 "... Children's singing game with a chorus beginning 'Here we go round the mulberry bush' is attested from 1820s, first in Scotland."
 * The mulberry now is not a bush but tree! So the "bush" above, if true, suggests that OE morberige in the beginning may not have been the rare black or white mulberry tree, but mainly the common blackberry bush, shrub or bramble, in accordance with the Ancient Greek rather than Latin sense. Then the above Latin and English translations may be problematic.
 * The "uvae" or cultivated grapes would better mate with the "mori" or wild grapes and common berries than with the rare mulberry fruits.
 * Refer to Mōr "oþþe fen" and Fenberȝe "fenberry, cranberry, or bearberry." As such, OE morberige may have been a synonym to OE fenberȝe.
 * Compare berry "berry" and berry "barrow, mound" akin to berg "mountain." Both not only share the obsolete spelling berȝe but also may be akin. That is, OE berige may have orginally meant the wild or "mountain" grapes and other juicy fruit rather than OE mor meant not only (1) morass, but also (2) mountain, strangely.
 * You got the "blood" of grapes and mulberries. Still the ylp is too hard for me to relate to the elephant, while the battle is so easy to relate to the wolf and beowolf, that is, beorn and guma "warrior". Anyway, this is not a point at the moment. --KYPark (talk) 03:07, 20 April 2012 (UTC)

 * Mature mulberries in favorable environments are certainly trees, but when young, and in colder climates such as Scotland, they can be shrubs. It's also dangerous to base things on details in children's songs, since they often contain nonsense: a similar song starts out "All around the mulberry bush, the monkey chased the weasel", which shouldn't be used to argue that monkeys run loose in the UK, or that they chase weasels.
 * All of this is irrelevant, though, since the original question had to do with the origin of the term, and most of your points seem to be based on aspects of Latin or Ancient Greek , thus apparently conceding that it's not derived from either the moor or mountain senses of Old English  Chuck Entz (talk) 19:12, 20 April 2012 (UTC)
 * I do wonder which is sane indeed, you or me. You began with: "I would be very skeptical of deriving mōrberiġe from 'either 'moor' or 'mountain', since the tree isn't particularly associated with either. Besides, Latin mōrus is too good a fit to ignore without a very good reason." It's you to argue that OE morberige has nothing to do with either "moor" or "mountain" but no doubt only with Latin morus as "too good a fit to ignore without a very good reason." But I do doubt it not at will but by virtue of its editor's expertise! Accordingly, and more clearly as I see, the mor of morberige probably means "moor" rather than "mountain," which the edior left uncleared, and so I asked him to clear up only to be replied, out of focus, that he or she is not such an expert as I believed. I am not "apparently conceding" but surely arguing that the morberige in question is rooted in mor, not only according to the said editor but also the "mulberry bush" and so on. I take it very very seriously that your rhetoric under the circumstances such as "All of this is irrelevant" is most likely to aim at a personal attack on me, betraying the duty of the debaters to be cordial, I'm very sorry. May I take this opportunity to ask if you happen to be a Christian or Abrahamist? --KYPark (talk) 10:46, 21 April 2012 (UTC)

 * Addressing some other points:
 * Remember we're talking about modern-day Israel for the Maccabees passage, so the tree may not have been at all scarce there: it apparently was widely cultivated. Not that it matters- we know that could refer to either. The question is how Latin-educated scholars in England might have interpreted it many centuries later.
 * The comparison with is a bit of a stretch, since the only uses I've been able to find have been in the context of the Maccabees passage
 * Are you trying to connect berry with berg? Aside from the fact that that would make fenberry problematic, the two words have completely different histories: the Dutch cognate shows that the r is from a Proto-Germanic *z, which normally rhotacized to r. Verner's law means that voiced *z and voiceless *s alternated with each other according to factors such as the location of the accent at the time. In some cases the alternation was passed down to the present even after the accent changed, for instance was and were in English. Usually, though, the distinction was lost, with either s or r prevailing in a given language. As the pairing of English freeze with German  shows different languages made different choices about which was kept. G was regularly used to represent a y sound in Old English when followed by a front vowel such as e or i: the lack of cognates with a g sound and spellings such as morberian indicate that this is the case here. The other "berry", on the other hand, has cognates with g, such as German . The Proto-Germanic reconstructions given confirm the difference: *bazjan for berry and *bergaz for mound or mountain.
 * As for, it would have to be a borrowing from a non-Germanic source to mean "wolf", since the word in Germanic languages universally has some derivative of the *f in Proto-Germanic *wulfaz. There's some peculiar variation between descendants of *p (such as Proto-Germanic *f) and descendants of *kʷ in different branches of the Indo-European family (see ), but nothing that would give rise to an Old English p. I'm not sure exactly how it's related to {term|elpend|lang=ang}} but West-Saxon y tends to alternate with u in other dialects in the right environments, and there are forms such as Gothic ulbandus (which is cognate, even though it refers to camels rather than elephants) suggesting that a u is possible. As for appropriateness, elephants were definitely used in warfare in ancient times, and the original Greek passage uses forms of instead of terms for wolves, so I don't see how ylp in this passage could mean "wolf" Chuck Entz (talk) 21:47, 20 April 2012 (UTC)

Rubus

 * Click on the column head Berry to guess how much the blackberry and the raspberry contribute to the genus Rubus. --KYPark (talk) 07:50, 11 April 2012 (UTC)
 * You may be surprised by the following quotation from Rubus:
 * The generic name means blackberry in Latin and was derived from the word ruber, meaning "red". --KYPark (talk) 08:55, 11 April 2012 (UTC)
 * It's very easy to copy a bunch of names and arrange them in a table, but most of those are irrelevant when speaking of the etymology in question. Aside from a handful of European species (blackberry, raspberry, cloudberry, perhaps one or two others) that the names originally applied to, these are pretty much all plants from other continents that were named centuries later after those species because they were reminiscent of those species, or were given analogous names on the model of those original ones. The vines themselves are called brambles, a name which goes back to Old English. I'm oversimplifying a bit when I talk of species, because the taxonomy of European brambles is very complex and only loosely related to the common names- I'll leave that to Wikispecies. This whole section has absolutely nothing to do with the etymology of, so is mostly a waste of space. Chuck Entz (talk) 10:00, 11 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Recall what I am asking most here for that etymology is the supporting citation that morberige is the right descendant of mor meaning (1) moor, and (2) mountain, perhaps originally meaning "mountain berry" or "bearberry" (equivalent to Swedish and Finnish for "blackberry") rather than the very mulberry. According to Morus (plant), "Black mulberry was imported to Britain in the 17th century in the hope that it would be useful in the cultivation of silkworms." The Old English morberige in the sense of mulberry was practically useless until then! --KYPark (talk) 16:21, 11 April 2012 (UTC)
 * And I'm saying that it was, in fact, used to describe Morus, just as the word was used to describe the elephant. You're forgetting that much of Old English prose consists of translations or discussion of foreign texts such as the Bible and Classical philosophical works. I'm going to hunt down the original passages, and you'll see what I mean. Chuck Entz (talk) 04:52, 12 April 2012 (UTC)
 * All good luck, wholehearted! What I'm forgetting or unaware is a real surprise. Thanks for your advice indeed. --KYPark (talk) 09:09, 12 April 2012 (UTC)

title: User:KYPark/mor


text:
buš

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) the bush

Declension
when masculine:

when feminine:

title: buš


text: bumo

title: bumo


text:
vēlēšana

Noun

 * 1)  (rarely used)

title: vēlēšana


text:
User:KYPark/Vienna

Vienna
A number of French riverine names such as:
 * Aisne, Garonne, Marne, Mayenne, Rhône, Saône, Seine, Vienne, Yonne, etc.,

end with /-ne/ that is probably or hypothetically a suffix meaning "river" so that the "Seine River" for example or the like such as: may be tautological!

This hypothesis may be supported by the fact that the suffix /-ne/ often takes the form of /-na/ (or rarely /-naj/) in other languages, esp., Slavic, which must have a special reason for transliterating in such a different way as semantically drived or derived! (this part added later --KYPark (talk) 09:19, 16 April 2012 (UTC) )

According to this hypothesis, Vienna that is Dunaj in Slovene that means the Danube in Slavic is probably another name of the river that is the Danube in English. --KYPark (talk) 09:47, 15 April 2012 (UTC)
 * It would be a mistake to apply a pattern in French to a German place name (Wien). Also bear in mind that the largest class of French feminine nouns ends in -e (the remnant of the Latin first declension ending -a), so -ne isn't a lot to base a pattern on, especially given the massive sound changes involved:

 * That said, there is believed to be a pre-Indo-European word element meaning "river" involved in many of the names, judging from the articles in English and French Wikipedia- but you have to go back much further than Modern French to find it, and it's not as simple as you propose. Chuck Entz (talk) 15:17, 15 April 2012 (UTC)

 * It is simply a mistake to say as if I were applying the French pattern to the German name Wien I never mentioned. My riverine pattern, namely, *-nae, covers not only French but also from Iberian to Slavic in particular and Germanic from time to time, hence worth the PIE stuff indeed. Missing such a clear suffix with the ending vowel, German Wien is likely such a corruption of Vienna as many other translations suggest here.
 * As to the origin of Vienna, "opinions vary on the precise origin." That is, there is no NPOV enough for it. This may be where some breakthrough POV like my hypothesis should come in, however unwelcome here in general. Accordingly, it could be a riverine synonym to Danube, Dunaj in Slavic, and Duna in Old Norse and Hungarian.
 * Taken the riverine suffix *-nae for granted, the addition of "river" to the CJK loanwords of Seine as shown above is, so to speak, a snake's leg (蛇足) in oriental parlance. Implausible and even ridiculous is Korean 센 (Sen) whose sound was borrowed from English instead of French where that suffix sounds closer and clearer.
 * Other people must have gone so far enough but inconclusive that I must not but attempt to devise hopefully a penetrating hypothesis, however simple it may look. --KYPark (talk) 02:05, 16 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Ah, but here's my point: why would the German-speaking people in Austria borrow the name of their capital city from anyone else? That would be like my proposing a theory that 서울 is derived from soul just because I pronounce them the same. The real name of Vienna is "Wien". Versions like "Vienna" are due to the changes that happen as names are borrowed into other languages. Words have histories- we can't just treat them as if they're all one homogenous pool to sort and mix and match as we please. Chuck Entz (talk) 02:37, 16 April 2012 (UTC)
 * The German speakers on the west side of Budapest are supposed to have made a calque Ofen from Buda (related to Bleda, Attila's elder brother who founded it) borrowed from Huns. They were preceded or succeeded by a long list of volks including Scythian, Celtic, Gothic, Hunnic, Avaric, Khazaric, and so on. You are free to believe in the Germanic origin of Vienna while it is widely believed to be Celtic and while I am free to subscribe to neither. Regardless of the unclear origin, clear to me is the riverine suffix *-nae that would hopefully clear up a lot of etymological doubts, as of Vienna and Duna in particular. --KYPark (talk) 03:29, 16 April 2012 (UTC)
 * (sorry but edit conflict) In what sense did Germans coin Wien? Senseless? It is Vīne in Latvian. I see it essentially riverine, akin to Wein, wine, vine, vein, vīnum#Latin, οἶνος (oĩnos), Ancient Greek wiḗn in particular, etc., and as figurative as the creeping grapevine and the vein. Here is likely added the very riverine suffix! --KYPark (talk) 04:37, 16 April 2012 (UTC)

 * @KY,
 * If Celtic, the etyl given at Vienna suggests that the -na ending belongs to Celtic element bona meaning "bottom", not "river". Slavic Duna / Dunaj is described as coming from the river name, so you might have something there, but Vienna does not seem to be at all related to your hypothesis, unless you can find evidence for the Celtic term bona having something to do with rivers.  -- Cheers, Eiríkr Útlendi │ Tala við mig 04:06, 16 April 2012 (UTC)
 * (edit conflict a while ago) The Latin Vindobona rather than any assumed Celtic is said to mean vindo + bona "white + bottom," whether true or not, perhaps relating to the white or clear river bed. My parsing is vin + dobo + na "vine + like(?) + river". It could be riverine as is called Dunaj in Slovene. --KYPark (talk) 06:23, 16 April 2012 (UTC)
 * I'm afraid the Latin words don't mean that. The closest Latin word to vindo might be vento, the dative or ablative cases of the masculine noun ;  is already valid Latin, but this is the feminine form of adjective, making any postulated Latin term vindobona an ungrammatical mess at best.  Even assuming such a Latin word, the meaning would be something more like "to a good wind" rather than "white bottom".  -- Eiríkr Útlendi │ Tala við mig 06:37, 16 April 2012 (UTC)
 * So am I!. This is why I should think otherwise than the established, though I'm ignorant of historic languages. The last is often enough to guess the biginning. --KYPark (talk) 07:01, 16 April 2012 (UTC)

 * ''' KY (part 2) --KYPark (talk) 05:11, 18 April 2012 (UTC)
 * @KY (part 2),
 * Have you looked at Vienna? Have you looked at http://www.wieninternational.at/en/node/3857, the sourced website?  This makes no mention of any connection to  etc.
 * The modern Latvian connection is no more compelling than the modern French connection. You'd have to look at the Latvian/French etymologies and track the history of the name back in the respective languages.
 * Studying etymology is fun and fascinating, but you need to look back at older forms, and explore how each language constructs words and modifies them over time. Trying to make connections for words with centuries of history in various languages  on the basis of the modern forms is a bit like looking at Hebrew  and "discovering" that the Japanese are one of the lost tribes of Israel because of how much that looks like .  (Have a look at http://www.zompist.com/chance.htm -- you might really enjoy some of the articles on that site.)  -- Eiríkr Útlendi │ Tala við mig 05:16, 16 April 2012 (UTC)
 * (edit conflict a while ago) I noted Latvian Vīne just as a shortcut to, or a reminder of, vine!  Have you seen it? Of course, I've seen Vienna whose inconclusiveness I'm very unhappy about. In a way this is where I did with my POV. Thanks for your information on the biblical lost tribe! --KYPark (talk) 06:23, 16 April 2012 (UTC)

 * (posted after edit conflict)My point is that the name "Vienna" is strictly English. Any theories based on the -na in the spelling of that word have to contend with the fact that no one in Vienna has ever used that word outside of referring to English usage. The word as used anywhere near Vienna does not contain anything remotely like the -nae suffix you're proposing. The origins of the word seem to go back to words of that sort, but all traces of anything like that haven't survived to present. Besides, the reconstructed "river" word element isn't -nae, but something like *-onna, which is unrelated to the *dānu which gave rise to Danube, Donau, and Dunaj- the first is believed to be a remnant of a word from some language spoken before Indo-European speakers moved into the area, while the second is supposed to be an actual Proto-Indo-European reconstructed root. Chuck Entz (talk) 04:14, 16 April 2012 (UTC)
 * (edit conflict a while ago) Vienna is unlikely to be "strictly English" as it is also Latin and Italian at least. My *-nae is a mere reconstruction as ambigous as any others, say, PIE. It could be either /-na/ or /-ne/ or /-naj/ or the like in practice. The riverine *-onna, even if proposed similarly, may be overdone than *-nae, I fear. --KYPark (talk) 06:23, 16 April 2012 (UTC)

title: User:KYPark/Vienna


text:
vēlēšanas

Etymology
From, plural form.

Noun

 * 1) election

Usage notes
There is a singular form, only sporadically attested.

title: vēlēšanas


text: vēlēšanu

title: vēlēšanu


text: vēlēšanām

title: vēlēšanām


text:
User:KYPark/Ordinal suffix

Ordinal suffix

 * Original headline: Eurasiatic ordinal suffix *-chwoj?

--KYPark (talk) 23:33, 17 April 2012 (UTC)

 * Have a look at word formation patterns. For example, Chinese  is formed of ordinal prefix  and number  -- i.e., this is completely irrelevant here, where PIE languages tend to be formed of a number and an ordinal suffix, such as English  and .  English  is demonstrably related to German  and Latin, for instance, and is completely unrelated to Chinese , as best anyone can tell.
 * I'm happy you find this so interesting, but please look deeper than mere surface accidents of similarity. Look at word formation patterns, look at morphopohnemic elements, and look at word histories -- similarities between modern forms often don't indicate anything other than pure chance.  -- Eiríkr Útlendi │ Tala við mig 03:07, 18 April 2012 (UTC)
 * "Trying to make connections for words with centuries of history in various languages on the basis of the modern forms is a bit like looking at Hebrew and 'discovering' that the Japanese are one of the lost tribes of Israel because of how much that looks like . -- From your 'KY (part 2)'"
 * The /-yim/ of Hebrew goyim is a plural suffix while the /-jin/ of Japanese gaijin is a full word for "man".  --KYPark (talk) 05:20, 18 April 2012 (UTC)
 * My point exactly: surface similarities in shape and meaning may have absolutely no bearing on the origins of words. That was the express purpose of my statement quoted here.
 * In the same mien, I suspect that the resemblance of the Chinese and related Asian ordinal prefixes to the modern descendants of the PIE superlative suffix are likewise nothing more than surface similarities that have absolutely no bearing on the origins of the words.  -- Eiríkr Útlendi │ Tala við mig 06:00, 18 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Why then did you advise me to visit such a nonsensical site? Without even "surface similarities" there would be absolutely no chance of kinship. What looks like a tiger is likely to be a tiger! --KYPark (talk) 07:00, 18 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Oh dear, I do apologize. I seem to have overestimated your English reading comprehension.  Please understand that I don't say that to be insulting.  Allow me to explain:
 * The quotes around "discovering" were intended to convey dubiousness -- i.e., the lack of discovery, or that the discovery is mistaken. Japanese and Hebrew are not related by any far-flung stretch of the imagination.  The linked Zompist website article likewise makes the point that Hebrew  and Japanese  are similar purely by historical accident.
 * If you read all the way through many of the language-related posts on the Zompist website at http://www.zompist.com/ (such as http://www.zompist.com/proto.html which is very relevant to this thread) and you will see that the author very clearly argues against exactly the kind of argument being made here that is based on a few chance correspondences, and argues for a rigorous and deep analysis that takes into account word formation patterns and morphophonemic shifts over time, among other things.
 * Read further here and elsewhere and you will also find that there are numerous instances of clear and demonstrable close kinship between languages that have absolutely no readily apparent surface similarities, such as Irish and German  and Armenian  and Albanian .  I.e., what looks like a tiger could just as well be someone in a fur coat, whereas the goat and the whale may actually be distant cousins (true, if recent research is anything to go by).
 * I apologize for the apparent confusion. My point was, and remains, that similarities between any given handful of words from two or more languages, especially those that have no apparent linguistic relationship, can very probably be attributed to pure chance.  Showing relatedness requires a clear and convincing pattern that goes beyond one or two terms, and that delves back as far as possible through the historical record to demonstrate sound and semantic changes over time in a way that can consistently show a likely shared origin.  -- Eiríkr Útlendi │ Tala við mig 07:31, 18 April 2012 (UTC)
 * KYPark, you say "Without even 'surface similarities' there would be absolutely no chance of kinship", but in fact, there are words that have no surface similarities but are nevertheless related. Armenian  and German   have no surface similarity but are still cognate. Indonesian  and Italian, on the other hand, for all their similarity are unrelated. —Angr 07:34, 18 April 2012 (UTC)
 * (To Angr) I admit my expression "absolutely" is overdone, which should be "generally" instead. Even the low similarities could be related in reality, but likely more rarely than the high ones. My overtone was a deliberate measure for measure in response to my partners's such as "deception". Most people here are so mindful of PIE that they would admit Germanic and Slavic would likely share the "ordinal suffix" I suggested without comment just for everybody's reference. Such tough resolute objections to that so far are unexpected and perhaps unwarrantable. I wish them to be more careful.
 * (To Eiríkr) As you may note, I'm around En-2. Thanks a lot for your sincere aftermath. Meanwhile I wonder why you do not hesitate to suspect Slavic of sharing a similar ordinal suffix that could be a PIE stuff. You are free to doubt such suffixes of even the typical Slavic ordinal numbers for three and four. I am free to bring such a likely tiger to everybody's attention, hopefully without too early contamination. Thanks for your concern though. --KYPark (talk) 08:41, 18 April 2012 (UTC)

 * Alternately, if you're looking purely at the ordinal element, the "prefix" languages all appear to be ones influenced by Chinese, so the similarities there are no surprise at all and may result from straight borrowings. Moreover, the eastern suffixes are almost all affricated, and many are back vowels /y/ or /u/, making a link with Chinese  seem less likely.  -- Eiríkr Útlendi │ Tala við mig 03:19, 18 April 2012 (UTC)

 * And in the Slavic languages such as Russian, the final -ty is a deception. The -t belongs to the number (desjat), and only a simple adjectival suffix is added to that: -y. —Stephen (Talk) 03:29, 18 April 2012 (UTC)

 * No deception above at all. --KYPark (talk) 05:20, 18 April 2012 (UTC)

 * Again, look at word formation patterns. Look beyond just one or two instances to see if there is a pervasive pattern.  The IE-language words for  can be traced back to forms ending in /s/ or /z/ or similar, and if memory serves there is a well-known pattern for shifts between /s/ and /t/ in certain conditions.  As such, the reappearance of a /t/ or /d/ in certain forms of this word is not terribly surprising, and can probably also be attributed to the underlying ancient core morpheme -- i.e. not as the start of some oridinal suffix, but rather as the end of the root word.
 * With the Slavic languages such as Czech and Russian, most seem to form ordinals as the cardinal + an adjectival suffix, if I've parsed this correctly. Compare Russian:
 * and
 * and
 * and
 * and
 * Or Czech:
 * and
 * and
 * and
 * and
 * In other words, there is no pattern of either Czech or Russian forming ordinal numbers using any suffix in any way resembling Chinese, and I rather suspect that this will hold true for the other Slavic languages as well.
 * There are only so many sounds the human mouth can comfortably pronounce, so there is a statistical guarantee that there will be accidental phonemic overlap between languages. To even begin any serious look at etymology, you have to look beyond one or two correspondences.  -- Eiríkr Útlendi │ Tala við mig 06:18, 18 April 2012 (UTC)

 * You'd better take into account the above at least. --KYPark (talk) 06:51, 18 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Yes, and that makes two possibilities for Russian -- the ordinals for three and four. That's all I'm seeing so far.  Three can be explained as above; I'm not sure about four, but the near-complete lack of any pattern leaves me wholly unconvinced and without the motivation to go digging.  -- Eiríkr Útlendi │ Tala við mig 07:31, 18 April 2012 (UTC)

 * Russian is from PIE *tréyes;  is from PIE *kʷetwóres. —Stephen (Talk) 09:54, 18 April 2012 (UTC)

 * Exceptionally striking that those Russians for three and third are derived from such totally different PIE sources. Do you happen to suggest that Russians are so foolish? --KYPark (talk) 10:15, 18 April 2012 (UTC)

 * What do you mean? Are you saying that English three and Russian are from different PIE sources? They are not...both are from *tréyes. Or are you saying that  and  are from different sources? They are not, both are from *tréyes. *tréyes became Russian  through well-known sound changes. *tréyes also became Russian  through similar sound changes, but the final -s became a -t. Then they appended the adjectival suffix to треть in order to get . —Stephen (Talk) 12:05, 18 April 2012 (UTC)

 * I just wouldn't answer. --KYPark (talk) 12:19, 18 April 2012 (UTC)

 * I appreciate your intrepidness in bringing these things up for discussion. I do hope you take the time to dig deeper.  Apply the scientific method -- state your hypothesis as clearly as you can, and then research and examine the known facts to see if there is evidence to back up that hypothesis.  Many hypotheses fall through on closer examination, but the process of examination itself is very often highly informative, and can lead the way to new hypotheses and new avenues of inquiry.
 * Your hypothesis in this thread appears to be that Chinese ordinal prefix (one metaphorical "tiger") is related to a purported PIE ordinal suffix that is something like /ti/ (the other metaphorical "tiger").
 * This presupposes that there is such a PIE ordinal suffix /ti/. Closer examination suggests that this is not the case, and that different IE languages can trace the origins of their ordinal suffixes to different PIE roots.
 * So instead of a tiger on one side and a tiger on the other, we have a tiger on one side and a couple of zebras on the other. Both sides of the argument are stripey mammalian quadrupeds, but the similarity seems to end there.

 * The Slavic languages, as shown above, do not employ any PIE ordinal suffix /ti/. However, the etymology given for English ordinal suffix  does suggest a derivation from a PIE superlative suffix.  It might be productive (and it would at the bare minimum be informative) to find deeper source texts (not just Wiktionary) that give the ancient PIE forms and meanings for this suffix, and then find deeper source texts that give the ancient forms and meanings of the Chinese prefix, and see if there is any similarity there.  Note too that any demonstrable similarities you might find cannot be considered conclusive unless and until you can show a clear and consistent pattern of relatedness across many different word roots.
 * But poking around Wiktionary, though fun and interesting, will not get you the level of detail and depth required to back up the kind of argument you are pursuing here.
 * -- Kind regards, Eiríkr Útlendi │ Tala við mig 15:18, 18 April 2012 (UTC)

 * It is quite interesting that you suggest to me exactly what I would like to suggest to you all. I'm just passing by, seeing something interesting to me and perhaps to you as well, and reporting it to you. It's up to you whether you are surprised and interested or not. Do not ask me to be scientific but ask yourself if you are truly so. Unfortunately I've found this is not a place for science but for business of conservative or invested interests often in disguise of NPOV. What is science at all? It is to try to explain anyway! To this end, it should do with any daring hypothesis or POV. Is it allowed here at all? Definitely no! This is not too bad but not all said. You have to consider what you miss in turn, especially critically. Don't misunderstand me as cursing wiki. I am sure this is the last popular front since Linux in particular. This unique popular should be the last, say to replace Google and the other commercial. Why should our popular wiki be able to search better than Google and the like? Do you ever know the refined origin of Internet? I am very proud that I do know it. I dare to say it stems from H. G. Wells's World Brain! Don't try to teach me in this regard and others. I just act more than I see frankly. --KYPark (talk) 16:09, 18 April 2012 (UTC)
 * It's one thing to present a theory, but you have to be willing to have it truly tested. While bias and resistance to new ideas are possible reasons people might not agree with your interpretation, there's also the possibility that you're simply wrong. Some of us have taken courses at universities in the very things you're idly guessing about, and have spent decades studying them on our own- we may not want to explore where you suggest because we've been there already and know there's nothing to discover. The reason we keep going over the same things is because it's often much easier to spot fatal flaws in your theories than to explain them to you so that you understand. (forgot to sign earlier) Chuck Entz (talk) 09:48, 19 April 2012 (UTC)

 * While free to see and say, we cannot do in every but a certain respect, perspective, or POV, I assume to begin with. Or we just swing from prejudice to prejudice one way or another, including science, whether exact or not. Thus you are fair to require theories be toughly tested. (In the beginning, by the way, I was not really proposing a theory but presenting a mere mystery, doubt or curiosity without any comment but for everybody's reference. Some people, esp. of PIE, may take it as a disguised Eurasiatic theory they hate. Frankly I wish so, yet it is not, formally speaking. Let's stop here, coolly.) Before that, then, the louder claim the higher chance to be evil. To me, roughly such are both scientific esp. pseudo-scientific and religious esp. pseudo-religious claims.
 * The gray bar on the right has physically or exact-scientifically no gradient at all, but physiologically as you see! Even exact science is not exactly useful to explain human phenomena. That is, even exact science is no more than a POV. (I am so sorry that POV is so underestimated and too unacceptable here. But no view without POV; or, the "view from nowhere" is nowhere in reality!) Lastly, I wonder if any other has ever wondered exactly as I do. --KYPark (talk) 05:05, 20 April 2012 (UTC)

title: User:KYPark/Ordinal suffix


text:
Citations:enemy combatant

Supportive of use to characterize certain detainees, but not more specific meaning

 * 2004 - Who needs Camp Delta?, Sarasota Herald-Tribune, 2004-10-08
 * Instead, it shipped them into a legal limbo -- the construct of convenience called "enemy combatant" -- under which it could do what it would with them without compunction or consequences for nearly three years.
 * 2004 - James Crisfield, Legal sufficiency review of Combatant Status Review Tribunal Review for detainee ISN ###, 2004-12-05, pages 5-6
 * She based her decision on her conclusion that the Combatant Status Review Tribunals do not have the discretion to determine that a detainee should be classified as a prisoner of war—only whether the detainee satisfies the definition of "enemy combatant" as provided in references (a) and (b).
 * 2006 - Richard Ackland, Innocence ignored at Guantanamo, Sydney Morning Herald, 2006-02-24
 * Here's an example of loose association: a Saudi held in Guantanamo was classified as an enemy combatant because he spent a couple of weeks at a Taliban bean farm. However, he says he was imprisoned on the farm because the Taliban thought he was a Saudi spy.
 * 2007 -- The new face of Guantanamo, The Spokesman-Review, 2007-12-10
 * Besides, as Rumsfeld once explained, "Even in a case where an enemy combatant might be acquitted, the United States would be irresponsible not to continue to detain them until the conflict is over."
 * 2009 - Del Quentin Wilber, Peter Finn, U.S. Retires 'Enemy Combatant,' Keeps Broad Right to Detain, Washington Post, March 14, 2009
 * The Obama administration yesterday jettisoned the Bush-era term "enemy combatant" but maintained a broad right to detain those who provide "substantial" assistance to al-Qaeda and its associates around the globe.

Undetermined status with respect to "durably archived" requirement

 * 2004 - Nyier Abdou, Guilty by detention, Al-Ahram, 2004-02-05
 * By issuing a blanket declaration that all the detainees are not POWs, but rather "enemy combatants", Ellis suggests that the US is "trying to separate these rights and argue that they have no rights".
 * 2006 - William Fisher, "The Worst of the Worst", Scoop, 2006-05-02
 * Nevertheless, all were categorized as "enemy combatants" with ties to the Taliban, al Qaeda, or other groups that support terrorism.
 * 2006 - Alfred W McCoy, The Outcast of Camp Echo: The Punishment of David Hicks, The Monthly, June 2006
 * Starting only weeks after detainees arrived at Guantanamo, Michael Ratner fought the case on behalf of Hicks and two British detainees, Asif Iqbal and Shafiq Rasul, through lower courts, challenging President Bush’s right to hold these prisoners indefinitely as “enemy combatants” without civil or human rights: an argument that the Supreme Court would affirm, two years later, in a stinging rebuke to the president’s policy.
 * 2007 - Eli Clifton, Guantanamo Courts Hit Setback, Interpress News Service, 2007-06-05
 * In both cases the prosecution tried to argue that the distinction between "enemy combatants" and "unlawful enemy combatants" was irrelevant based on Bush's 2002 memo in which he stated that Taliban and al Qaeda detainees did not qualify as prisoners of war under the Geneva Conventions, thereby all Taliban and al-Qaeda detainees were unlawful combatants.
 * 2009 - Terry Frieden, U.S. reverses policy, drops 'enemy combatant' term, CNN, 2009-03-13
 * In a dramatic break with the Bush administration, the Justice Department on Friday announced it is doing away with the designation of "enemy combatant," which allowed the United States to hold suspected terrorists at length without criminal charges.
 * 2009 - Alex Koppelman, DOJ drops “enemy combatant” designation, Salon magazine, 2009-03-13
 * While the new government has abandoned the term ‘Enemy Combatant,’ it appears on first reading that whatever they call those they claim the right to detain, they have adopted almost the same standard the Bush administration used to detain people without charge — with one change, the addition of the word ‘substantially’ before the word ‘supported.’

title: Citations:enemy combatant


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/Code help/reply

It actually means the same as  . If equals i, then show nothing, otherwise show i.  00:04, 13 June 2012 (UTC)


text:
klausītājies

Etymology
From (with the reflexive element -ies from the verb moved to the end of the word, after the agent suffix ).

title: klausītājies


text:
klausītājās

Etymology 1
See.

Etymology 2
See.

Etymology 3
From, or (with the reflexive element -ies from the verb moved to the end of the word, after the agent suffix , which becomes -ājās).

Noun

 * 1)  (female) listener

title: klausītājās


text:
klausītājos

Noun

title: klausītājos


text:
ponoriti

Verb

 * 1) to submerge, dive
 * 2)  to go crazy

title: ponoriti


text:
vēlējumies

Noun

 * 1) wish, desire

title: vēlējumies


text: vēlējumos

title: vēlējumos


text: floosies

title: floosies


text:
hipstery

Adjective

 * 1)  Characteristic of hipsters.

title: hipstery


text:
emboucher

Etymology
, from. . Possibly corresponds to a, from (compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬).

Verb

 * 1) to place one's lips against the mouthpiece of a wind instrument
 * 2) to place the bit in a horse's mouth
 * 3)  to tell off, to antagonize
 * 4)  to argue

Etymology
, from.

Verb

 * 1) to inform (keep someone informed)

title: emboucher


text:
aunam

Participle

 * 1) putting on footwear;

title: aunam


text: aunu

title: aunu


text: auniem

title: auniem


text: aunā

title: aunā


text: aunos

title: aunos


text: auni

title: auni


text: User:KYPark/Etyma

title: User:KYPark/Etyma


text:
木屋町

Etymology
Compound of. So named for the number of lumber sellers in that part of Kyōto in the early. Now known for and.

Proper noun

 * 1) a district and street in Kyōto, running north and south along the Takase River

title: 木屋町


text:
きやまち

Proper noun

 * 1)  a district and street in Kyōto, running north and south along the Takase River

title: きやまち


text: Kiyamachi

title: Kiyamachi