text:
mamoste

Noun

 * 1) teacher
 * 2) master

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: mamoste


text:
mamosta

Noun

 * 1) teacher

title: mamosta


text: Category:pt:Folklore

title: Category:pt:Folklore


text:
Category:English terms prefixed with vesico-

See also: Category:English terms prefixed with vesiculo-


text: Category:khb:List of related-to categories


text:
vokatîv

Noun

 * 1)  vocative

title: vokatîv


text: Category:khb:All topics

title: Category:khb:All topics


text:
viljelmä

Noun

 * 1) plantation estate or area of land designated for agricultural growth
 * 2) culture growth of a bacterial or other microbiological entity in an artificial medium

title: viljelmä


text: neverwozzer

title: neverwozzer


text: Category:sas:Human

title: Category:sas:Human


text: Category:khb:Sciences

title: Category:khb:Sciences


text: Category:khb:Human

title: Category:khb:Human


text:
koningswater

Etymology
From,.

Noun

 * 1) aqua regia

title: koningswater


text: Category:Irish formal terms

title: Category:Irish formal terms


text:
martur

Etymology
From, present active infinitive of.

Verb

 * 1) to marry

title: martur


text:
surdoser

Etymology
From, probably a.

Verb

 * 1)  to overdose

title: surdoser


text: surdosé

title: surdosé


text:
opinskár

Adjective

 * 1) frank, sincere, open-hearted

title: opinskár


text:
kitchen dresser

Noun

 * 1) A kitchen cabinet.

title: kitchen dresser


text:
naazhjaaʼ

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1) they lie around somewhere, are located somewhere (groups of profusion of small, visually difficult to count objects as sand, seeds or pebbles)

Usage notes
This verb is limited to expression in the third person and refers to multiple groups of small items. Also occurs with distributive as, referring to a greater plurality of groups.

For a single group, use the verb.

This is a neuter verb that uses only the perfective stem.

Conjugation
.

title: naazhjaaʼ


text:
feiminn

Etymology
''of uncertain origin, absent in related languages, suggested connection with (borrowing) latin -femin.

Adjective

 * 1) shy

title: feiminn


text:
gestrisinn

Adjective

 * 1) hospitable

title: gestrisinn


text:
nineteen to the dozen

Adverb

 * 1)  very quickly; rapidly
 * He was talking nineteen to the dozen; it was almost impossible to follow what he was saying.

title: nineteen to the dozen


text: ten to the dozen

title: ten to the dozen


text:
mãrit

Etymology 1
From. Compare 🇨🇬,.

Verb

 * 1) to marry (unite in wedlock), give away as wife, arrange marriage of
 * 2)  to marry, take a husband, get married

Synonyms

 * / (of men)

Etymology 2
From. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) husband; man who is married, wedded

Etymology 3
From the past participle of the verb. Compare 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) proud
 * 2) great, mighty

title: mãrit


text:
ãnsor

Etymology
From, a verb based on. Compare 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to marry, wed (take as wife), get married

Synonyms

 * (of women)

title: ãnsor


text: însor

title: însor


text:
mãrescu

Etymology
From with the suffix  as a fourth conjugation verb. Compare 🇨🇬,.

Verb

 * 1) to make bigger, greater
 * 2) to be/become proud

title: mãrescu


text: măresc

title: măresc


text: Category:Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finno-Permic


text: Category:Terms derived from Proto-Finno-Permic


text:
soatsã

Etymology
From. Compare Daco-🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) female friend or comrade

title: soatsã


text:
brá

Etymology
From, from , from , from the practice of holding prisoners by restraining their necks. .

Noun

 * 1) captive, hostage

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) eyelash

title: brá


text: Category:Akkadian pluralia tantum

title: Category:Akkadian pluralia tantum


text:
făli

Etymology
, from, from.

Verb

 * 1)  to brag, boast
 * 2)  to be proud; talk proudly of
 * 3) to exalt, honor, glorify (often in an exaggerated manner)

title: făli


text: Category:Finnish terms suffixed with -i

title: Category:Finnish terms suffixed with -i


text:
Thread:User talk:Bequw/Template:VectorTab

Have you abandoned this template? Is it worth preserving? DCDuring TALK 17:33, 11 July 2012 (UTC)


text: Category:English terms prefixed with quint-


text: Category:pt:Microbiology

title: Category:pt:Microbiology


text: Category:English terms prefixed with gluco-


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 竺

title: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 竺


text: Category:Norman terms derived from Proto-Indo-European


text:
giallnas

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1)  hostageship

title: giallnas


text: Category:Penobscot terms derived from Proto-Algonquian


text: Category:Penobscot terms derived from Algonquian languages


text: Category:Penobscot terms derived from Algic languages


text:
giallacht

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) hostageship, bondage

title: giallacht


text: Category:Penobscot terms derived from other languages


text: Category:Hunsrik terms derived from Middle High German


text: Category:English terms suffixed with -dromous


text:
Category:English terms prefixed with ano-

See also: Category:English terms prefixed with procto-

See also: Category:English terms prefixed with recto-


text: Category:French terms prefixed with chromato-


text:
ܙܢܓܒܝܠ

Etymology
Via an unattested from.

Noun

 * 1)  ginger

title: ܙܢܓܒܝܠ


text: Category:Mizo verbs

title: Category:Mizo verbs


text:
tek tek

Etymology
By duplication of, a common pattern for forming adverbs.

Adverb

 * 1) In a particular manner; individually, particularly.

title: tek tek


text:
zamanı

Postposition

 * 1) during

title: zamanı


text: zamanlar

title: zamanlar


text:
zaman zaman

Adverb

 * 1) from time to time
 * Hava yer yer ve zaman zaman sağanak yağışlı olacak.
 * The weather will be showery from place to place and time to time.
 * 1) sporadic

Synonyms

 * (1)

title: zaman zaman


text:
yeri

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  lake

Noun

 * 1)  feather

title: yeri


text:
yerler

Etymology
From.

title: yerler


text:
yer yer

Adverb

 * 1)  partly, from place to place, part by part
 * Hava yer yer ve zaman zaman sağanak yağışlı olacak.
 * The weather will be showery from place to place and time to time.

title: yer yer


text:
gíallacht

Noun

 * 1) hostageship, captivity

title: gíallacht


text:
ܦܪܥܘܢ

Etymology
Via alternative from, from ,   from  +.

Noun

 * 1) pharaoh

Proper noun

 * 1) Pharaoh

title: ܦܪܥܘܢ


text: Category:syc:Ancient Egypt

title: Category:syc:Ancient Egypt


text: Category:syc:Egypt

title: Category:syc:Egypt


text: Category:syc:Africa

title: Category:syc:Africa


text: Category:syc:Countries

title: Category:syc:Countries


text: Category:syc:Names

title: Category:syc:Names


text:
gíallnus

Noun

 * 1) hostageship, captivity

title: gíallnus


text: ziedoņa mēnesi

title: ziedoņa mēnesi


text: ziedoņa mēnesī

title: ziedoņa mēnesī


text: ziedoņa mēneši

title: ziedoņa mēneši


text: ziedoņa mēnešus

title: ziedoņa mēnešus


text: ziedoņa mēneša

title: ziedoņa mēneša


text: ziedoņa mēnešu

title: ziedoņa mēnešu


text: ziedoņa mēnesim

title: ziedoņa mēnesim


text: ziedoņa mēnešiem

title: ziedoņa mēnešiem


text: ziedoņa mēnešos

title: ziedoņa mēnešos


text: ziedu mēnesi

title: ziedu mēnesi


text: Category:Malayo-Sumbawan languages

title: Category:Malayo-Sumbawan languages


text: ziedu mēnesī

title: ziedu mēnesī


text: ziedu mēneši

title: ziedu mēneši


text: ziedu mēnešus

title: ziedu mēnešus


text:
Talk:yawl

You all
Also common as eye dialect for y'all --AnWulf ... Ferþu Hal! (talk) 18:38, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:yawl


text: ziedu mēneša

title: ziedu mēneša


text:
mândri

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to be proud of
 * 2)  to be haughty
 * 3)  to boast or brag

title: mândri


text: ziedu mēnešu

title: ziedu mēnešu


text: Category:Malayic languages

title: Category:Malayic languages


text: ziedu mēnesim

title: ziedu mēnesim


text: ziedu mēnešiem

title: ziedu mēnešiem


text: ziedu mēnešos

title: ziedu mēnešos


text:
slăvi

Etymology
, from.

Verb

 * 1) to glorify, exalt

title: slăvi


text: papuves

title: papuves


text:
fală

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) pride
 * 2) glory, pomp, magnificence
 * 1) glory, pomp, magnificence

title: fală


text: Category:Proto-Malayic language

title: Category:Proto-Malayic language


text: Category:Iban terms derived from Proto-Malayic


text: Category:Iban terms derived from Malayic languages


text: Category:Terms derived from Malayic languages


text: Category:Iban terms derived from Malayo-Sumbawan languages


text: Category:Terms derived from Malayo-Sumbawan languages


text: Category:Iban terms derived from Malayo-Polynesian languages


text: Category:Terms derived from Proto-Malayic


text:
ܓܘܪܐ

Etymology
From, from ;.

Adjective

 * 1) great, big, huge, massive

Noun

 * 1) elder, leader

Etymology 1
Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) jug

Etymology 2
From the root related to committing adultery. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) adultery

Noun

 * 1)  column

Usage notes
This word rarely appears as masculine.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) man, husband

title: ܓܘܪܐ


text: Category:Northwest Sumatran languages

title: Category:Northwest Sumatran languages


text: Category:South Sulawesi languages

title: Category:South Sulawesi languages


text: Category:Kaili-Pamona languages

title: Category:Kaili-Pamona languages


text:
dobra dobra

Adverb

 * 1) In a bluntly, forthright manner.

title: dobra dobra


text: kötüyü

title: kötüyü


text: kötüler

title: kötüler


text:
ܬܘܚܡܐ

Etymology
From the root related to limiting or defining.

Noun

 * 1) time limit
 * 2) resolution, determination
 * 3) order, decree
 * 4) law, ordinance
 * 5) definition

title: ܬܘܚܡܐ


text:
kötü kötü

Adverb

 * 1) In an angry, malicious manner; angrily, malevolently, maliciously.

title: kötü kötü


text: Category:Muna-Buton languages

title: Category:Muna-Buton languages


text: sarıyı

title: sarıyı


text: sarılar

title: sarılar


text:
papuve

Etymology
From, with from the past stem puv- of the verb.

Noun

 * 1) fallow, fallow land land left unseeded for a year

title: papuve


text:
Sarıaslan

Etymology
From.

title: Sarıaslan


text: User:Raymondhs

title: User:Raymondhs


text:
măreț

Etymology
From or less likely from a  root, from ,.

Adjective

 * 1) great, splendid, magnificent, grand, grandiose, stately, imposing

title: măreț


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wraiþaz

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) twisted, curled, bent, wry, uneven
 * 2) angry, furious, wroth
 * 3) hostile, violent

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wraiþaz


text: Template:en-irregular plural of/documentation


text: Citations:retale

title: Citations:retale


text:
puve

Etymology
From the past tense stem puv- of the verb.

Noun

 * 1) plant rotting or decay caused by fungi or bacteria
 * 2) rotting, decay on other organic tissues
 * 1) rotting, decay on other organic tissues
 * 1) rotting, decay on other organic tissues
 * 1) rotting, decay on other organic tissues
 * 1) rotting, decay on other organic tissues
 * 1) rotting, decay on other organic tissues
 * 1) rotting, decay on other organic tissues

title: puve


text:
Tannese

Adjective

 * Of, from or pertaining to the island of Tanna or its people.

Noun

 * 1) The natives and inhabitants of the island of Tanna.

title: Tannese


text: toeristje

title: toeristje


text: toeristjes

title: toeristjes


text: æquipoises

title: æquipoises


text:
ομηρία

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) the state of being a hostage

title: ομηρία


text:
gyselaar

Etymology
From, from , , from.

Noun

 * 1) hostage

title: gyselaar


text: caleidoscope

title: caleidoscope


text:
Talk:vastustaa

What case does this verb take?
Does anyone know what case this verb takes? It seems to be the genitive, but I am not a native speaker. 21:02, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Partitive. ~ heyzeuss 15:45, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:vastustaa


text:
gwystl

Etymology
From, from , from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1)  pledge, pawn
 * 2) hostage

Derived terms

 * arwystl
 * cyngwystl
 * gwystlo

title: gwystl


text: peros

title: peros


text: periem

title: periem


text:
paraigües

Etymology
..

title: paraigües


text:
User:Puisque

Hi y'all!

I'm an admin in the Finnish Wiktionary.

fi:Käyttäjä:Puisque sv:Användare:Puisque

title: User:Puisque


text:
Argot

Noun

 * 1) An inhabitant or resident of Argos.

title: Argot


text:
firescu

Etymology
From, probably through a later or early Romance root  as with most other fourth conjugation verbs. Compare 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, , 🇨🇬,.

Verb

 * 1) to guard from, fend; be on one's guard; be wary
 * 2) to shirk, recoil
 * 3) to duck, dodge, avoid

title: firescu


text: feresc

title: feresc


text:
pērkons

Etymology
From, from , from. Related to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) thunder strong noise from an atmospheric electrical discharge

title: pērkons


text: pērkonu

title: pērkonu


text: pērkonus

title: pērkonus


text: pērkona

title: pērkona


text:
Thread:User talk:Yair rand/Thanks (2)

Thanks for updating my css and thanks for both reminding me of the extra-carriage-return problem and for correcting some instances of it.

Anything you could do to categorize and document templates you are familiar with would be appreciated. BTW, uncategorized subpages, including /doc pages, appear in the list of uncategorized templates. Inserting categorizes and provides a 'handsome' banner as well. DCDuring TALK 23:11, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

title: Thread:User talk:Yair rand/Thanks (2)


text: pērkonā

title: pērkonā


text: pērkonam

title: pērkonam


text: pērkoni

title: pērkoni


text: pērkonos

title: pērkonos


text:
Citations:pyorrhœic

Adjective:

title: Citations:pyorrhœic


text: pērkoniem

title: pērkoniem


text: pyorrhœic

title: pyorrhœic


text: pyorrhoeic

title: pyorrhoeic


text: puvē

title: puvē


text: puves

title: puves


text:
ostaĝo

Etymology
From (compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬).

Noun

 * 1) hostage

title: ostaĝo


text: puvēs

title: puvēs


text: puvju

title: puvju


text:
pyorrheic

Adjective

 * 1)  Of or pertaining to pyorrheas; characteristic of pyorrhoea.

title: pyorrheic


text: puvēm

title: puvēm


text: puvi

title: puvi


text: puvei

title: puvei


text: papuvē

title: papuvē


text: papuvēs

title: papuvēs


text: papuvju

title: papuvju


text: papuvēm

title: papuvēm


text:
onomatopeic

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) onomatopoeic

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) Onomatopoeic; onomatopœic;.

title: onomatopeic


text: papuvi

title: papuvi


text:
inpeperen

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to pepper, to cover with pepper
 * 2) to rub in, to make (a point) annoyingly obvious
 * 3) to get back at
 * 4) to rub snow into, particularly in the face (during snowball fights)

title: inpeperen


text: papuvei

title: papuvei


text:
betaald zetten

Verb

 * 1)  to make (someone) pay for, to get back at (someone) for

title: betaald zetten


text: papuves mēnesi

title: papuves mēnesi


text: papuves mēnesī

title: papuves mēnesī


text: papuves mēneši

title: papuves mēneši


text: papuves mēnesim

title: papuves mēnesim


text: papuves mēneša

title: papuves mēneša


text: papuves mēnešus

title: papuves mēnešus


text: papuves mēnešiem

title: papuves mēnešiem


text: papuves mēnešu

title: papuves mēnešu


text: papuves mēnešos

title: papuves mēnešos


text:
refén

Etymology
Attested since circa 1300 ; from. Cognate with 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  pledge

Noun

 * 1) hostage

title: refén


text:
אָרעווניק

Etymology
. is borrowed from a Semitic language, from a Slavic one.

Noun

 * 1) hostage

title: אָרעווניק


text:
όμηρος

Etymology
From ; possibly ultimately from a combination of + PIE suffix meaning "to join," in the sense of a master carpenter or wheel-maker.

Noun

 * 1) hostage

title: όμηρος


text: Category:German Sign Language

title: Category:German Sign Language


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/wreedte?

Is er een word wreedte in het Nederlands? wat "wreedheid" betekent? Leasnam (talk) 01:08, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

title: Thread:User talk:CodeCat/wreedte?


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wraiþiþu

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  anger, fury, wrath


text: Category:German Sign Language letters

title: Category:German Sign Language letters


text: Category:German Sign Language symbols

title: Category:German Sign Language symbols


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/wreedte?/reply

Ik vind wel een paar resultaten op Google, maar het is uiterst zeldzaam...

title: Thread:User talk:CodeCat/wreedte?/reply


text:
gisl

Etymology
From, from , a loanword from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) a hostage
 * 2) * late 9th century, translation of Orosius' History Against the Pagans
 * "ang"
 * 1) * late 9th century, translation of Orosius' History Against the Pagans
 * "ang"

- Hē ġenīedde bēġen þā cyningas þæt hīe sealdon heora suna tō ġīslum.

title: gisl


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/wreedte?/reply (2)

Het is waarschijnlijk dan niet uit het Oergermaans, toch? in plaats daarvan is toch gemodelleerd naar woorden als breedte? Leasnam (talk) 01:40, 12 July 2012 (UTC)


text:
beyearn

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  To yearn over or about; yearn for; long for; desire.

title: beyearn


text: pledg

title: pledg


text: Category:lv:Knitting

title: Category:lv:Knitting


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haljō

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) the netherworld, the underworld, hell

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haljō


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/halftrijā

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  harness, halter


text:
áshįįh łikan bee bídaʼneelʼąąhígíí

Etymology
+ +  +

Noun

 * 1) glucometer

title: áshįįh łikan bee bídaʼneelʼąąhígíí


text:
User talk:95.68.111.174

Hi! Are you still around here? Perhaps we should talk a little. You've added a rfm template to klausītājies; I've now opened the discussion at the rfm page. Maybe you want to comment?

Thanks for the additions to baltais lācis. On latve, I wrote an answer to your comment on the talk page. On priekšāda, I note that the best online dictionaries disagree with you (it seems to me priekšādiņa is simply the diminutive form of priekšāda; my guess would be priekšādiņa is more colloquial and priekšāda more scientific. Or do you think priekšāda could occur, say, in a book on anatomy or in a medical journal?). On rinda, I'm not sure that it is a good idea to remove that picture; it illustrated the fact that rinda can be used in some of the senses of English rank, a word which apparently doesn't have a specific Latvian equivalent. Maybe we should ask what the native speakers of English think about that? (I myself am not one--I'm Brazilian).

I hope you'll be interested in adding more information to the Latvian words here! --Pereru (talk) 03:18, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:95.68.111.174


text: Category:Latvian idioms

title: Category:Latvian idioms


text:
ostaġġ

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) hostage

title: ostaġġ


text:
forteach

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  To unteach; contradict; misteach.

title: forteach


text:
ّ

Letter

 * 1) shadda, indicates a geminate (long, double) consonant.


text: for-than

title: for-than


text:
ٰ

Letter

 * 1) superscript alif, dagger alif, indicates a long  where  is normally not written.

Usage notes

 * ʔalif ḵanjariyya is a rare diacritic, is missing on standard keyboards and is sometimes replaced with a fatḥa in a vocalised Arabic text or omitted altogether, except in the Qur'an.
 * ʔalif ḵanjariyya can be written with or without a fatḥa, e.g. with a fatḥa in the Middle East or without a fatḥa  in South Asia (Pakistan, India and Bangladesh)
 * The word is usually produced automatically by entering "alif + lām + lām + hāʾ" -  (read from right to left). The word consists of  + ligature of doubled  with a shadda ـّ and an ʔalif ḵanjariyya above.
 * In Wiktionary we use ʔalif ḵanjariyya to generate a correct transliteration ("ā") and to indicate a long /aː/. A fatḥa alone, without ʔalif ḵanjariyya or a long alif would be transliterated as a short /a/.


text:
freightwagon

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) Any vehicle, such as a cart, wagon, lorry, truck, or boxcar, used for carrying or transporting goods; a cargo truck.

title: freightwagon


text:
magnijs

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) magnesium chemical element, a light, silvery metal, with atomic number 12

title: magnijs


text: freightwagons

title: freightwagons


text:
pseudo-city code

Etymology
+

Noun

 * 1)  a short alpha-numeric code used by global distribution systems to differentiate between different travel agency offices.

title: pseudo-city code


text:
ROH

Noun

 * : a US media and entertainment company known for professional wrestling.

title: ROH


text:
run of house

Noun

 * 1)  A hotel rate where the hotel agrees to accommodate the guest but does not specify the standard of room until the guest arrives.

title: run of house


text:
dolārs

Etymology
Borrowed from, from early , , from , , from , coins from the Saint Joachim valley (🇨🇬 means "valley").

Noun

 * 1) dollar name of the monetary units of several countries, includgin the United States, Canada, and Australia

title: dolārs


text:
User talk:KYPark/屯

Location of sandboxed entries for creating / editing draft versions
Hello again --

I apologize for my previous confusion about Talk:屯/Korean, I didn't understand at the time what you intended. Now that I see that page, I think the content is mostly good, but that kind of drafting would be better done on a subpage of your own. I suggest using a page such as User:KYPark/Sandbox. I've set up my own group of sandbox pages, such as User:Eirikr/Sandbox, User:Eirikr/Sandbox2, User:Eirikr/Sandbox3, and even User:Eirikr/Scratchpad, for just such drafting and testing. Once I have finished creating or editing the content, I copy the source from my sandbox page and paste it into the intended destination page. Then (when I'm being smart) I delete the content from my sandbox page.

Recycling one's own user sandbox this way requires less resources on the server, and doesn't clutter up the server history and page indexing.

If you don't mind, I will move the Talk:屯/Korean page to User:KYPark/Sandbox. -- Cheers, Eiríkr Útlendi │ Tala við mig 18:39, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * It's always very hard in practice to give (you) all the background information. In retrospect, I felt a little guilty when I overcrowded the revision history of [[城].] So I wanted to draft or sandbox 屯 on the Talk:屯/Korean which as a sandbox could be deleted someday. I could feel free to do it on my User:KYPark/屯 from the beginning. (No need to move it on User:KYPark/Sandbox.) But I just wanted it to be more public and talked to you. It should be alright, I guess!
 * Wikis like users experimenting with new ways. Thus it would be unjust and even rude for Chuck Entz and Ruakh to have deleted Talk:屯/Korean of a provisional sandbox kind and Talk:屯, respectively, immediately without the RfD or Talk to me. On such occasions, I feel like being (treated like) a ruthless vandal. Don't you?
 * Most vital and fatal, however, is Chuck Entz's reason for deletion reading "encyclopedic, better kept on user subpage" contrary to your view "the content is mostly good," hence an unbearable prejudice of his! He should talk how improperly "encyclopedic" it is at all. It's his duty of honor, I guess.
 * BTW, to delete the used-up sandbox at last is more economical storage than to keep all the entry revision history as usual, isn't it?
 * BTW again, from the quotation of Definition #2 of Talk:屯/Korean, I wonder if you have noted the "communal village meeting house (dinh)" perhaps worth comparison with and . This might annoy some people!
 * --KYPark (talk) 01:31, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

 * For my part, I do think that folks here sometimes rush to action without talking to others first, which is probably the biggest failing of the Wiktionary community in general. I can sympathize to some extent, as we are generally all quite particular about things (one must be particular, in order to enjoy working on a dictionary ^_^ ), and when we see something out of place, our first instinct is generally to fix it, to the best of our understanding of what "fix" means for that situation.  However, impatience and haste can lead to unfortunate results; I know I've been hasty in the past, and it's something I must be aware of and careful of in my own actions.
 * Thinking about Chuck's comment about "encyclopedic", I think that arose not because of any strong prejudice on his part, but probably for two other reasons -- 1) I don't think he's spent much time working with CJK language entries, and so is not familiar with the large numbers of synonyms, compounds, and senses that such entries often have; and 2) the quote about "The conquest of Champa" is out of place, as a) this is a quote in English, not Korean (example quotes must generally be in the language of the entry term), and b) this quote describes use of the term 屯 in Vietnamese. The quote is also quite long, and it does come across as a short encyclopedic entry about Vietnamese don dien.
 * Blue Glass Arrow.svg To fix these issues, I would strongly suggest that you find a quote that is 1) in Korean, 2) shorter, and 3) uses the term 屯 in context, rather than just describing how the term is used. If you cannot find a suitable quote, it would be better to have no quote instead of the quote in English about usage in Vietnamese.
 * About deleting sandboxes, once a page is created, that revision history and data is kept by the server, even if the page is deleted. I think deleting a page might also entail a heavier server load than just emptying the content.  I'm no expert, but what I've read suggests that keeping one or a couple of sandbox pages and recycling them is less resource-intensive (for the server) than using individual sandbox pages and deleting them.
 * About "crowded" revision histories, no worries -- I really don't think that's a problem. :)  If it still concerns you, one thing that I have sometimes done is to use a separate text editor on my PC to compose pages, and then I will copy from the text editor window into the Wiktionary edit screen.
 * About Vietnamese dinh and German and English, that's certainly interesting, but without knowing more about the etymologies of all three words and more about historical sound shifts in all three languages, I'm not sure how significant this is -- the human mouth can only make so many sounds, so it is inevitable that there will be some overlap.
 * Sometimes the overlap is for historical reasons of sound shift or word composition: for instance, modern Korean seems similar to modern English .  However,  is a compound of  +, while  ultimately derives from Greek.
 * Sometimes the overlap is for biological reasons: for instance, a number of speech researchers have put forward the hypothesis that the physical constraints of a baby's mouth and the physical motions of a baby's mouth are a large part of why sounds like ma / mama / ama / ba / baba / aba / pa / papa / apa etc. are so common in words referring to and/or  or some other parental relation in various languages around the world.
 * Sometimes there is no overlap in the sounds of words in modern languages, even when the words come from the same original root. For instance, modern English  is cognate with (i.e. has the same ancient root as) the modern Greek  and the modern Hindi.
 * To put it another way, similarities in the sounds of modern languages can obscure different roots, or origins in biological processes. Meanwhile, differences in the sounds of modern languages can obscure identical roots.  Without knowing the history of sound changes in a language, and without knowing more about the ancient forms of a word, the sound shifts involved, and the semantic history, we cannot tell whether a word in one language is related to a word in another language.
 * So for Vietnamese dinh and German and English, that's interesting, and merits further research, but the resemblance alone is not enough to say anything definitive.
 * -- Cheers, Eiríkr Útlendi │ Tala við mig 23:07, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Sorry to move leftmost...

 * "the biggest failing of the Wiktionary community" : Absolutely! It breaks the community and "drives out the good." Five years ago, I stopped contributing in Korean, as some pages I created were even deleted without any Talk. Who were "the bad money"? Conservatives of invested interests, I suspect. Those, if any, who blamed me for making my edits a "laughing stock" are to blame for making many Korean entries and translations afterwards as such in effect, I fear.

 * "Chuck's comment about "encyclopedic"" : I wait for Chuck making clear "encyclopedic" comment for himself rather than any speculation. You see this is a mere draft, and if the very quotaion is not worth a proper quotation, it could be included either in Usage notes or Footnotes, and that in the Vietnamese entry. It is another matter of formality to add Korean quotations proper. I wonder why such a mere matter of formality matters seriously enough for a rude deletion.
 * I would respect whether your or Wiktionary's urge of formalism such that the quotation be in the entry language. In turn, I would ask you to respect my urge such that my edits be more informative anyway than as usual and the very Viet case in English be included either in Usage notes or Footnotes, if proper as a quotation in neither Korean nor Vietnamese entry. You see this information is for English readers as likely strangers to the historical oriental "frontier farm" (屯田).
 * Above all, to put another way, this quotation is vital or critical enough for English readers to understand 屯 well, definitely centering around the frontier farm (屯田) on the one hand and the rarely-documented assembly ("dinh") on the other. It is an assembly, colony, community, flock, folk, horde, troop or the like in itself!

 * "About deleting sandboxes" : Understood.

 * "About "crowded" revision histories, no worries" : Understood.

 * "About Vietnamese dinh and German and English "
 * Now this has become an open question. Meanwhile, there appears an absolutely resolute will to deny all the open questions, say, all the East-West coincidences. Such appears absolutely overdone and ill done, I regret most. What looks like a tiger is likely to be a tiger, hence an open question that should remains so until fully falsified, whether in theory or in practice. This is a way to science proper!
 * English and perhaps  via OE  likely derived from Greek via Latin is said to be a frequentative such as Japanese ころころ from ころがる cognate to くるま and Korean 구르다 as well so that part if not all of these East-West words may be cognate, that is to say, worth an open doubt, no doubt!
 * What if it is or were not a frequentative at all? Then it may be seriously suspected of kinship to Korean (珥) that was so widespread in ancient Korea.
 * Honestly, I take 屯 specially seriously as likely cognate to:
 * ang: "hill, mountain"
 * eng: "hill, sand-dune"
 * eng: "hill"
 * eng: "fortified settlement"
 * deu: "fence, hedge"
 * dut: "garden"
 * non: "enclosure," etc., etc., ...
 * All these European senses happen to be those of 屯. The adds up to all these, hence such a great statistical consilience, as specially noted since Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge in 1998 after Sociobiology: The New Synthesis in 1975, the very year of World Brain Revolution, as it were, believe me or not! You'd better take it very seriously!

--KYPark (talk) 04:16, 11 July 2012 (UTC) --KYPark (talk) 08:00, 11 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I do take it seriously: I take it seriously enough to look at the histories of Vietnamese and Chinese-derived 屯 and PIE-derived  /  /  etc.
 * In looking into those histories, I see evidence of convergent semantic evolution, but divergent origins:
 * I do not know any Vietnamese, and I do not know what diacritics might be needed to find the version of dinh that means "communal village meeting house". I do see that Vietnamese dinh is notably not listed as a reading for 屯, suggesting that these two words are unrelated.  I also see that the EN WT is missing any Vietnamese noun entry with spelling similar to dinh (see Category:Vietnamese_nouns), whereas the ZH WT has a zh:dĩnh entry, linking to several different possible hanzi, none of which seem to have a meaning similar to "communal village meeting house".
 * Chinese 屯 as a character was apparently composed from two elements, radical 屮 with a single additional stroke across the top. 屮 means sprout, and if I understand it correctly, the explanation at zh:𡳾 suggests that the character 屯 arose from the idea of sprouting together, perhaps from there leading to ideas of groups and grouping.
 * European-language terms /  /  etc. apparently derive from the common root of Proto-Indo-European, , strongly implying the idea of "finished" rather than "sprouting > beginning".
 * Consequently, in the absence of new discoveries of older linguistic data, I am left with the conclusion that Chinese 屯 only resembles European-language terms /  /  etc. as the result of historical accident.  -- Kind regards, Eiríkr Útlendi │ Tala við mig 21:53, 13 July 2012 (UTC)

"Communal house in the village" is đình, Sino-Vietnamese of 廷 ("court") and 庭 ("yard"), as in 조정(朝廷), 법정(法庭). Both go back to Old Chinese liquid consonant initials: *l̥ˁeŋ, *l̥ˁeŋs, not *d/t/tʰ-. 60.240.101.246 22:51, 26 December 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:KYPark/屯


text: Category:Latvian terms derived from Dutch


text: magniju

title: magniju


text: magnijam

title: magnijam


text: magnijā

title: magnijā


text: magnija

title: magnija


text: dolāram

title: dolāram


text: dolāriem

title: dolāriem


text: dolāru

title: dolāru


text: dolāra

title: dolāra


text: dolārā

title: dolārā


text: dolārus

title: dolārus


text: dolāri

title: dolāri


text: dolāros

title: dolāros


text:
κλούβιος

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) addled (inviable)
 * 2)  having a mental retardation

title: κλούβιος


text:
czarocracy

Noun

 * 1) A government headed by a czar or a similar autocrat.
 * 2) Government consisting of, or characterized by the appointment of officials with substantial autonomy, especially those commonly referred to as "czars" or "tsars".

Quotations

 * 1853, John Thomas, The Coming Struggle among the Nations of the Earth: or, the Political Events of the Next Thirteen Years, Described in Accordance with Prophecies in Ezekiel, Daniel, and the Apocalypse. Thomas MacLear, Toronto (1853).
 * The Austrian and its cotemporary [sic] horns, the supporters of the False Prophet, now become confederate against the Destroyer of the Czarocracy.

 * In the estimation of the "Orthodox" clergy, the chief glory of the reign of Alexander II. was not the emancipation of the serfs, but rather the delivery of the Uniate Greeks of Russian Poland from the "thraldom" of Rome, and their subjection to that instrument of czarocracy, the Holy Synod.
 * In the estimation of the "Orthodox" clergy, the chief glory of the reign of Alexander II. was not the emancipation of the serfs, but rather the delivery of the Uniate Greeks of Russian Poland from the "thraldom" of Rome, and their subjection to that instrument of czarocracy, the Holy Synod.

 * 1905, John Jacob Lentz, "Thomas Jefferson: The Radical", printed in Thomas Jefferson: a Little Journey by Elbert Hubbard, and an Address by John J. Lentz: Being two attempts to perpetuate the memory & pass along the influence of the Great American, The Roycrofters, East Aurora, N.Y. (1906).
 * The people who have suffered under the heel of the tyrant have always been in the majority, and they are still in the majority, and they will continue to suffer under the debasing tyrannies of slaveocracy, czarocracy, and trustocracy so long as God is unable to find or create enough radicals to brave the pains and the penalties of persecution, ostracism, slander, libel and assassination.

 * Instead of scaling back the czarocracy, the Democrats are adding to it.
 * Instead of scaling back the czarocracy, the Democrats are adding to it.

title: czarocracy


text:
sienu

Noun

title: sienu


text:
sienā

Noun

title: sienā


text: σαρκαστικέ

title: σαρκαστικέ


text: Category:Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayic


text: sienam

title: sienam


text: sienus

title: sienus


text: Category:Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Malayic


text: Category:Indonesian terms derived from Malayic languages


text: Category:Indonesian terms derived from Malayo-Sumbawan languages


text: sienos

title: sienos


text: Category:Malay terms derived from Malayic languages


text: Category:Malay terms derived from Malayo-Sumbawan languages


text: sieniem

title: sieniem


text: Category:Minangkabau terms derived from Proto-Malayic


text: Category:Minangkabau terms derived from Malayic languages


text: sienas

title: sienas


text: Category:English terms derived from Proto-Malayic


text: sienās

title: sienās


text: Category:Minangkabau terms derived from Malayo-Sumbawan languages


text: Category:English terms derived from Malayic languages


text: sienām

title: sienām


text: Category:English terms derived from Malayo-Sumbawan languages


text: sienai

title: sienai


text: Category:Minangkabau terms derived from Malayo-Polynesian languages


text: Category:Banjarese terms derived from Proto-Malayic


text: Category:Banjarese terms derived from Malayic languages


text: Category:Banjarese terms derived from Malayo-Sumbawan languages


text: siena mēnesi

title: siena mēnesi


text: siena mēnesī

title: siena mēnesī


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Malayic/aku

Etymology
From, from.

Pronoun

 * 1) I personal pronoun
 * 2) me direct or indirect object of a verb; object of a preposition
 * 3) my belonging to me

Descendants

 * Ibanic
 * Malayan
 * Malayan
 * Malayan

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Malayic/aku


text: siena mēneši

title: siena mēneši


text: siena mēneša

title: siena mēneša


text: siena mēnesim

title: siena mēnesim


text: siena mēnešus

title: siena mēnešus


text: siena mēnešiem

title: siena mēnešiem


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Malayic/kau(ʔ)

Etymology
From, from.

Pronoun

 * 1) you, your

Descendants

 * Malayan

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Malayic/kau(ʔ)


text: siena mēnešos

title: siena mēnešos


text: siena mēnešu

title: siena mēnešu


text: Category:Proto-Malayic pronouns

title: Category:Proto-Malayic pronouns


text: Category:Proto-Malayic terms derived from Proto-Austronesian


text: Category:Proto-Malayic terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian


text: Category:Proto-Malayic terms derived from Austronesian languages


text: Category:Proto-Malayic terms derived from Malayo-Polynesian languages


text: Category:Proto-Malayic terms derived from other languages


text: liepu mēnesi

title: liepu mēnesi


text: liepu mēnesī

title: liepu mēnesī


text: liepu mēneši

title: liepu mēneši


text: liepu mēneša

title: liepu mēneša


text: liepu mēnesim

title: liepu mēnesim


text: Category:Afrikaans terms derived from Malayic languages


text: Category:Armenian terms derived from Malayic languages


text: Category:Catalan terms derived from Malayic languages


text: liepu mēnešus

title: liepu mēnešus


text: Category:Czech terms derived from Malayic languages


text: Category:Dutch terms derived from Malayic languages


text: liepu mēnešos

title: liepu mēnešos


text: liepu mēnešu

title: liepu mēnešu


text: Category:Afrikaans terms derived from Malayo-Sumbawan languages


text: Category:Armenian terms derived from Malayo-Sumbawan languages


text: Category:Catalan terms derived from Malayo-Sumbawan languages


text: Category:Czech terms derived from Malayo-Sumbawan languages


text: liepu mēnešiem

title: liepu mēnešiem


text: Category:Dutch terms derived from Malayo-Sumbawan languages


text: Category:Finnish terms derived from Malayic languages


text: Category:French terms derived from Malayic languages


text:
czarocratic

Adjective

 * 1) Of or pertaining to czarocracy.
 * 2) Autocratic.

Quotations

 * 1912, George Washington Jackson, School-room helps for teachers and parents, A.M.E. Sunday School Union, Nashville.
 * They are impressed with the idea that their office or position in the school room calls for ironclad rules and Czarocratic government.
 * They are impressed with the idea that their office or position in the school room calls for ironclad rules and Czarocratic government.

title: czarocratic


text: Category:Georgian terms derived from Malayic languages


text: Category:Hungarian terms derived from Malayic languages


text: Category:Irish terms derived from Malayic languages


text: Category:Finnish terms derived from Malayo-Sumbawan languages


text: Category:French terms derived from Malayo-Sumbawan languages


text: Category:Georgian terms derived from Malayo-Sumbawan languages


text: Category:Hungarian terms derived from Malayo-Sumbawan languages


text: Category:Irish terms derived from Malayo-Sumbawan languages


text: rudzu mēnesi

title: rudzu mēnesi


text: rudzu mēnesī

title: rudzu mēnesī


text: rudzu mēneši

title: rudzu mēneši


text: Category:Italian terms derived from Malayic languages


text: Category:Japanese terms derived from Malayic languages


text: rudzu mēnešiem

title: rudzu mēnešiem


text: rudzu mēnešus

title: rudzu mēnešus


text: Category:Australian Kriol terms derived from Malayic languages


text: rudzu mēnesim

title: rudzu mēnesim


text: Category:Italian terms derived from Malayo-Sumbawan languages


text: rudzu mēneša

title: rudzu mēneša


text: Category:Japanese terms derived from Malayo-Sumbawan languages


text: Category:Australian Kriol terms derived from Malayo-Sumbawan languages


text: czarocracies

title: czarocracies


text: rudzu mēnešu

title: rudzu mēnešu


text: rudzu mēnešos

title: rudzu mēnešos


text: Category:Portuguese terms derived from Malayic languages


text: Category:Russian terms derived from Malayic languages


text: Category:Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Malayic languages


text: Category:Slovak terms derived from Malayic languages


text: Category:Portuguese terms derived from Malayo-Sumbawan languages


text: Category:Russian terms derived from Malayo-Sumbawan languages


text: Category:Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Malayo-Sumbawan languages


text: Category:Slovak terms derived from Malayo-Sumbawan languages


text:
hózhǫ́ǫ́jí naatʼááh

Etymology
+ +

Noun

 * 1) peace chief

title: hózhǫ́ǫ́jí naatʼááh


text: Category:Spanish terms derived from Malayic languages


text: Category:Swedish terms derived from Malayic languages


text: Category:Spanish terms derived from Malayo-Sumbawan languages


text: Category:Swedish terms derived from Malayo-Sumbawan languages


text:
matoir

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) ripe

title: matoir


text: Category:Dutch terms derived from Proto-Malayic


text: Category:Dutch terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian


text:
coptu

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬.

Adjective
(feminine coaptã)

 * 1) cooked
 * 2) ripe

title: coptu


text:
czarocrat

Noun

 * 1) A participant in czarocracy or a czarocratic regime.
 * 2) A supporter of czarocracy or a czarocratic government.
 * 3) An official or bureaucrat with substantial autonomy, especially one referred to as a "czar" or "tsar".

Quotations

 * 1913, Albion Woodbury Small, Between Eras: From Capitalism to Democracy, Inter-Collegiate Press, Kansas City, p. 369.
 * But the Douma knows, and the Czar knows, and the Czarocrats know that a constitution with the word 'Autocrat' left out would be the Magna Charta of Russian liberties.

 * Why would techies toast the appointment of a czarocrat?
 * Why would techies toast the appointment of a czarocrat?

 * 2009, John Phillip Gingrey, Congressional Record, U.S. House of Representatives, H12357, November 4, 2009.
 * Now the Pelosi health care reform that the Representative from Michigan just showed us, the 2,000-page monstrosity, these 53 bureaucrats, czarocrats, czarinas, whatever, have grown to about 150.

title: czarocrat


text: czarocrats

title: czarocrats


text:
Einstiegsdroge

Noun

 * 1) gateway drug

title: Einstiegsdroge


text: Einstiegsdrogen

title: Einstiegsdrogen


text:
Einstieg

Noun

 * 1) entrance
 * 2) start

title: Einstieg


text:
Schlaraffenland

Etymology
, literally “lazy monkey land"

Noun

 * 1) Cockaigne

title: Schlaraffenland


text: Einstiege

title: Einstiege


text: Einstiegs

title: Einstiegs


text: Einstieges

title: Einstieges


text: Schlaraffenlands

title: Schlaraffenlands


text: Schlaraffenlandes

title: Schlaraffenlandes


text: Category:Turkish terms derived from Malay


text: Schlaraffenländer

title: Schlaraffenländer


text: Category:Turkish terms derived from Malayic languages


text: Category:Turkish terms derived from Malayo-Sumbawan languages


text: Category:Turkish terms derived from Malayo-Polynesian languages


text: Category:Turkish terms derived from Austronesian languages


text:
einstweilig

Adjective

 * 1) temporary
 * 2) provisional, interim

title: einstweilig


text: Category:German terms derived from Malay


text: Category:German terms derived from Malayic languages


text: Category:German terms derived from Malayo-Sumbawan languages


text: Category:Greek terms derived from Malay

title: Category:Greek terms derived from Malay


text: Category:Greek terms derived from Malayic languages


text: Category:Greek terms derived from Malayo-Sumbawan languages


text: Category:Greek terms derived from Malayo-Polynesian languages


text: Category:Greek terms derived from Austronesian languages


text:
kommissarisch

Adjective

 * 1)  provisional, temporary
 * 2)  deputy
 * 3)  acting

title: kommissarisch


text: Category:Galician terms derived from Malay


text: Category:Galician terms derived from Malayic languages


text: Category:Galician terms derived from Malayo-Sumbawan languages


text: Category:Galician terms derived from Malayo-Polynesian languages


text: Category:Galician terms derived from Austronesian languages


text: Category:Romanian terms derived from Malay


text: Category:Romanian terms derived from Malayic languages


text: Category:Romanian terms derived from Malayo-Sumbawan languages


text: Category:Romanian terms derived from Malayo-Polynesian languages


text: Category:Romanian terms derived from Austronesian languages


text:
User talk:KYPark/2005

On etymologies
Hi. Welcome to the Wiktionary! I notice you have added Korean words to the etymology sections of several English words. I can't see why you would do so because no linguist considers the English and Korean languages to be related. Well, there's the Nostratic hypothesis, for example, but conclusions drawn from it should be marked as such. Pointing out loanwords is okay, I think. | hyark 13:41, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:KYPark/2005


text:
voreilig

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) heady
 * 2) hasty
 * 3) rash

title: voreilig


text:
User talk:KYPark/2011

x-templates
??? Mglovesfun (talk) 11:36, 6 December 2011 (UTC)
 * why not x-templates??? --nemo 11:42, 6 December 2011 (UTC)
 * They are going to get deleted if you don't tell us what they are for. SemperBlotto 11:49, 6 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Perhaps there was an edit conflict. Gone was what I wrote last, roughly reading "They are used in πλεύμων," in response to SemperBlotto. --nemo 12:31, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (minutes earlier than this)
 * Is correct. Mglovesfun (talk) 11:50, 6 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Remind me again why you're not indef blocked for intimidating behavior/harassment? Mglovesfun (talk) 11:53, 6 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Mglovesfun, I don't understand at all why you mention "indef blocked for intimidating behavior/harassment" intimidatingly. Is it so disruptive for me to try to create some templates? --nemo 12:19, 6 December 2011 (UTC)
 * SemperBlotto, my edit had got deleted before I told you (as you asked above) "what they are for." --nemo 12:31, 6 December 2011 (UTC)
 * My edit 11:27 - 11:36
 * Ask why 11:49 (SemperBlotto)
 * Deleted 11:52 (Mglovesfun) --nemo 12:48, 6 December 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:KYPark/2011


text:
tengo calor

Phrase

 * 1) I'm hot

title: tengo calor


text:
lente d'ingrandimento

Noun

 * 1) magnifying glass

title: lente d'ingrandimento


text: User:Matthias Buchmeier/en-ms-a

title: User:Matthias Buchmeier/en-ms-a


text:
User talk:KYPark/reduplication

reduplication
Some of the entries you've added as "reduplication" are not. For example, chick flick is not an example of reduplication. Yes, the parts rhyme, but they were both separate existing words prior to the formation of the compound. Reduplication is the creation of a phrase by repetition (with modification). --EncycloPetey 03:12, 3 July 2009 (UTC)

 * The exact definition would be as debatable as any other concepts. Thus, the "creation of a phrase by repetition (with modification)" may be redefined as a creation of a reduplicative phrase by repetition such as:
 * simply repeated, acute-null-accented : bye-bye
 * high-low-voweled, acute-grave-accented : bric-a-brac
 * head-rhymed, acute-acute-accented : boogie-woogie, chick flick, etc.

 * Isn't chick flick more reduplicative than girl film, lady movie, chick picture, as it were, etc.? The admittedly separate origin of chick and flick would not prevent their com-pounding from co-sounding reduplicative in effect. This effect is a poetic or onomatopoeic rather than etymologic emotion.

 * This is a cradle year of this category in Wiktionary. My role as of now is not supposed to exact it but get more and more together, right or wrong, for your reference and discussion. And I confess I'm using this webpage. --nemo 05:36, 3 July 2009 (UTC)

 * The combination of two words in a poetic rhyme is not reduplication. I'd say the page you are using contains some errors.  It also doesn't seem to distinguish between words that originated by reduplication in English from words that originated by reduplication in pre-Latin languages, then were adopted into English.  That's a huge difference. --EncycloPetey 14:47, 3 July 2009 (UTC)

 * The first sentence isn't quite clear to me. But I agree if you mean to say that reduplication should apply to recursive or established compounds, e.g., chick flick, rather than casual combinations of any two rhymed words. I wonder if you still insist chick flick is not. I agree the page is not an authority but easy reference. I expect other experts to correct one error after another as per the Wikt way of doing. And, I also wonder if this category should exclude foreign reduplications such as bric-a-brac. --nemo 00:32, 4 July 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:KYPark/reduplication


text:
User talk:KYPark/undulate

undulate
Please do not invent speculative etymologies that incorporate unattested words. There is no evidence of a Latin verb *undulare. --EncycloPetey 03:17, 8 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Invent? You could or should say that only when you're as omniscient as God. So you're supposed to invent the meaning of invent. For your fallibility at least, refer to Essence Dictionaire Francais-Coreen, Minjungseorim, Seoul, Korea, 1992, reading:
 * onduler ... [lat. undulare < unda (=onde)].
 * Sorry this Korean stuff may be unavailable to you. Should you believe me, however, you could do without your making reference. And please be convinced I never invented it. Is it fair enough? At the moment I would not go beyond that hard evidence.

 * By the way, I like you to answer my last comment in the, especially as regards why you deleted chick flick again. --nemo 04:01, 8 July 2009 (UTC)

 * At Wiktionary:Beer parlour#Invented etymologies, just before the following short off-centered and irrelevant response to my first rely, as above, EncycloPetey prompted other administrators of his kind to support him in blocking me unreasonably and unseasonably indeed. He just unjustly ignored the hard evidence that I never invented Latin undulare but adopted it from the (perhaps best) French-Korean dictionary. Is this adoption enough for me to be blocked at all? From the beginning, he and his "community" no doubt had little intention to discuss with me reasonably. All the more, then, he could never avoid apologizing to me for accusing me of inventing undulare. The sooner the better. Instead, however, he fatally insisted my source is in error. He may be too foolish to know what may result from his wrong tongue, perhaps even damaging the Wiktionary proper, I fear. All the so-called community of administrators should not shy away from your fools doing evil. "Don't be evil" is a good policy, if not the best. "Destroy shamelessness" again! -- This right-aligned passage is now inserted, so as to help understand the state of affairs, by KYPark, aka, --nemo 08:37, 25 July 2009 (UTC)

 * I did not delete anything, as you can see the entry still exists. It is a valid word. However, as I explained to you before, it is not an example of reduplication.  Rather, it is a compound term. --EncycloPetey 04:46, 8 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Oh my! By "you deleted [it] again" I meant as such "from Category:Reduplication" by virtue of again, as you did indeed! Sorry anyway if I was wrong to use "delete" in this goddam tongue.
 * Far more importantly, I was waiting for your reply on the main point here, relating to your undoing of Etymology of undulate and gondola. --nemo 05:16, 8 July 2009 (UTC)

 * You do not have to curse in correspondence. That is rude. I already told you why I reverted the etymology.  It included a portion that erroneously claimed the word comes from a Latin word which, in fact, did not exist.  Your source is in error.

 * Further, you went beyond the error in your source, and included speculative cognates that are not cognates. Cognates almost always belong to the same part of speech and represent the same word as handed down from a parent language that contained a source words from which both descendants evolved.  However, in this case the putative source word did not exist.  The root word unda was modified in French to create a verb, and that word then passed into English.  The first portion of the word undulate may be cognate with a pportion of the word gondola, but the two words are themselves not cognates.  (See cognate in The Oxford Companion to the English Language.) --EncycloPetey 12:42, 8 July 2009 (UTC)

This time you are supposed to invent the meaning of cognates such that:
 * they should "belong to the same part of speech"

or such that:
 * "The first portion of the word undulate may be cognate with a pportion of the word gondola, but the two words are themselves not cognates. (See cognate in The Oxford Companion to the English Language.)"

Should Oxford so dictate indeed, we'd better throw it into the wastebasket. And, by typing "cognate" into the search slot and click the Search button, you could be convinced otherwise of Wiktionary practice. The spirit of cognates requires little or no more than more or less genetic inheritance from the same ancestry. Hence, gene, genetic, generic, generate, degenerate, etc., are all cognate or simply akin, regardless of parts of speech. So are akin, kin, kind, Kindergarten, etc. Again, so are queen, quean, gynaecological, and perhaps cunnilingus, cunny, or coney (as of "No money no coney" also rhymed with honey), etc.

You seem to admit LL. undulatus ("undulated"), which looks like nothing but the past participle of undulare, which in turn even the guru only next to God could not dare to declare does not exist, unless an evil or arrogant conspiration requires it do no more. Such may be the case with *gondolare, which would be in principle hardest to falsify. Our poor degree of assurance in practice gives rise to the starred or assumed such as *undula ("wavelet"), which unlikely gave birth to French onduler, whence English undulate hardly stemmed, not to mention German undulieren.

I neither uttered nor intended any curse whatsoever. Remember it is rude indeed to say someone is rude who is not in fact. But you were rude enough to suggest as if I had invented something cunning. --nemo 15:05, 8 July 2009 (UTC)

 * KYPark, please, no more "cognates" among borrowed terms, or terms that were subsequently coined. gene, genetic, generic etc. are not cognates. Perhaps "akin" or "related" (they should be listed in ====Related terms====), but not cognates. queen and quean are cognates, but queen and gyna- in gynaecological are not. The word cognate should only be used for words that are inherited from common ancestor language (so that you can observe regular sound changes, [i.e. sound correspondences] on them), and not for words that were borrowed in later historical periods, or even worse coined on the basis of some Latin or Greek lexical roots. --Ivan ( ⰃⰎⰀⰃⰑⰎⰅⰞⰉ ) 15:26, 8 July 2009 (UTC)

 * The following section should be inserted here for reading chronologically. -- KYPark, aka, --nemo 08:37, 25 July 2009 (UTC)

 * KYPark. You are now flatly lying.  You used the word "goddam", which is cursing.  If you do not know what you are saying, then perhaps you should pause longer this time and reflect before formulating a reply.  Yes, there is a Classical Latin word, but it is an adjective formed from the noun unda (or undula).  The fact that it "looks" like a perfect participle is because it's an adjective, and these two sets of words share the same endings.  This does not mean that a verb must have existed in Latin.  No Latin sources exist containing the verb *undulo.  No Latin dictionary I have checked contains the word *undulo.  If you believe that a Latin verb undulo exists, then please provide a quote from a Latin source that uses the verb.  A dictionary of French that erroneously hypothesizes the existence of the word does not demonstrate that the verb ever existed.  Unsupportable theological speculation is fine for personal essays, but it is not appropriate for Wiktionary.  You do not get to claim that an undocumented word exists, then support it with theological ramblings.  We want evidence. --EncycloPetey 04:57, 9 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Flatly lying? This is offensive indeed rather than rude, you know. Didn't the biblical story on the Tower of Babel suggest all human tongues were god-damned or "confused" in other words, as per the biblical exegesis, to my and most Christian regret? But be advised I'm atheist. Whether goddamned or not, language is always all confusion. To taste how I regret it, just have a look at the opening quote from Lao Tzu on my page w:User:KYPark. My wording "this goddam tongue" indicates nothing but English that is so easy to speak while so easy to hear confused, as if it had been damned by God. The curse, if any here, was not caused by me but by God many milennia ago, believe it or not. I shifted the cause of your confusion or misunderstanding to such a goddam tongue, including my likely fault! To be honest, however, you strangely misunderstood the meaning of deleted in the passage "you deleted chick flick again". The blue link suggests it is NEVER deleted, and "again" suggests it is AGAIN deleted from Category:Reduplication by you. I greatly regret all this waste of our time and energy.

 * You seem to definitely deny *undulo but favor *undula, even though both possibilities may be equally assumed, hence no record whatsoever so far. English verbs rhyming /-late/ are mostly if not entirely derived from Latin past participles rhyming /-latus/. The derivation of undulatus from nothing but *undula is too "hypothetico-deductive" to be reasonable and seasonable. It is simpy impossible and dictative, though it may be similar to the PIE's way of doing or reverse engineering. It also looks like human creation of, and belief in, a god. Should we hypothesize from scratch something most likely to explain Latin undulatus and all its Descendants, it would be much better to assume *undulo ("to wave") than *undula ("wavelet"). --nemo 07:31, 9 July 2009 (UTC)

 * The administrator User:EncycloPetey have not reasonably discussed here and elsewhere at all, but unreasonably and unseasonably blocked me for a day benevolently instead of 2 weeks or forever. Via Wiktionary:Feedback#undulate, I appealed to the community for his apology to me, without hiding myself or attempting to be anonymous. Advise me why it should be strictly so. User:Robert Ullmann imposed another blocking on me for hinting I'm KYPark, not conforming to the strict formalism of hiding or protecting oneself in anonymy. Then User:EncycloPetey imposed still another longer on me. Now he would do the ultimatum. I never fear that but wish that he and his kind be well aware they benefit little from their shameless injustice. "Destroy shamelessness" again! -- KYPark aka --nemo 08:37, 25 July 2009 (UTC)

 * This is related to Wiktionary:Beer parlour#Where is Wiktionary going at all?. -- KYPark aka --nemo 09:05, 25 July 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:KYPark/undulate


text:
User talk:KYPark/cognates

cognates, kins or relatives
This is an extension to the previous section, aiming for easy edit.
 * 1) The noun life, as in "she lived a happy life," is called the cognate object with respect to the verb lived. Both are cognate or akin to each other, regardless of their part of speech and priority to the other.
 * 2) In 1973 I bought the first print in 1973 of Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary. Ever since I have got used to its etymology and kinship (in terms of "akin to") rather than cognation, if different. I have no idea what ought to be the difference between them, on what grounds, in Wiktionary.
 * 3) It sounds silly to say the tenses of a verb, say, lives and lived are cognate, because their relation is more specific than, and inclusive of, cognation.
 * 4) In contrast, such is not the case with the various parts of speech in a family of cognates, such as life, live, lively, alive,etc. It is often unclear which is really prior or parallel, say,  English life and live (even if not, suppose as such),  German Gondel ("gondola") and gondeln ("to wave"),  but clear that both are cognates, kins, relatives, or the like! Thus, one entry of them lists another in Related terms. See:
 * 5) * life, and
 * 6) * live, as I newly edited.
 * 7) In general, when the entry is prior, more or less ancestral, its derivatives within the language are listed in Derived terms, those without in Descendants, and the rest of the relatives (of similar, clear or unclear priority)  in Related terms.
 * 8) For the time being, please avoid introducing and confusing the borrowing with the cognation or kinship, unless sophistication or complication is intended, as the former is hopelessly slippery, and there appears no formal place for it here in Wiktionary. Should it be unavoidable, then, as a prerequisite, please take the giraffe for example and make clear either borrowing or cognate relations among its equivalents or translations in all major languages, East and West. --nemo 03:38, 9 July 2009 (UTC)

This is a useful distinction, though of course in many cases we can't tell the difference. See my comments above: there appear to be conventions to consider borrowings as cognates as well as to exclude them as cognates. Thus it is not a matter of incorrect usage so much as which convention would be more useful to our purposes. kwami 20:02, 25 July 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:KYPark/cognates


text:
accommodation on arrival

Noun

 * 1)  Hotel accommodation provided as part of the price of a package holiday, with the passenger not being advised of the hotel's name or location until arrival at the resort.

title: accommodation on arrival


text:
güzel güzel

Adverb

 * 1) In a calm or fine manner; calmly, finely, peacefully.

title: güzel güzel


text:
User talk:KYPark/etymology

Etymologies and stuff
Dear Kypark,

I still stumble upon from time to time to the remnants of the Uralo-Altaic theory you've fervently left traces of in numerous entries, e.g. the other day on kori. It's no problem at all to see it - and terminate it on sight. You were told that we don't want fringe theories in Wiktionary etymologies, and you finally stopped adding them, after more than a year-long tradition of doing so, intelligently camouflaged under numerous "positive" edits. Good!. That shows good faith and the ability to reason the circumstances. I have no doubt that you firmly believe that all of those word you list on your userpage are somehow deeply related (cognate, akin, or whatever you'd like to call it), but the general etymological science does not, and we must respect that.

However, you still seem happen to regularly run into some kind of trouble. I won't get into the details of undulare (for which to me appears there is some evidence in Medieval Latin documents, at least from which I skimmed on books.google.com) - it doesn't matter at all now: what it matters is that you learn a lesson from the way the general community has been responding to the some of your "problematic" entries.

My advice is this:
 * If your edit is reverted by some of the regulars don't even think of adding it back. Instead, open the discussion on the talkpage and list it in our Etymology Scriptorium so that others can see it and provide additional input. If you discuss on on the bunch of talkpages it becomes very difficult to follow the line of argumentation, and rarely will anyone have the patience to look more closely into it all.
 * If your etymology cannot be verified in any paper dictionary, and is purely a result of your intellectual cogitation, don't even think of adding it on the mainspace entries. List it on your userpage or a some other user subpage of your choice. We have WT:LOP to channel all the protologisms users happen to add, we can create some Appendix:List of Korean pseudoetymologies or something (unless you'd be offended by the title :) The only real usefulness I see in your etymologies (and that some of the other users also noticed), and which all seem to be based on some vague phonetic resemblance, is as mnemonic for language learning. We can create an appendix for those if you wish.
 * Please, no more drama! You're aggravating people more and more with your tiresome self-victimizing monologues. I know that you are firmly convinced that an injustice has be done, and that your arguments were valid, but you're doing no good by resurrecting the old spirits of frustration on topics that have been dealt with long time ago. Simply, go and find some other word to deal with. There are countless other ways that you can contribute. For once, you need to demonstrate the ability that you can easily cope with being "wrong", that it is not the end of the world if your etymological proposal is not accepted, and that it doesn't matter all that much to you.

You also must realize that others don't have infinite amount of time and patience at their disposal to deal with the highly-disputed stuff you could be ardently pushing, and that sooner or later, if you'd continue to draw ("waste") too much community time with no real benefit resulting from the ongoing discussion, you could easily be blocked for simply be a disruptive community factor.

I'd to ask you to stop editing ===Etymology=== at all but I somehow doubt you'll listen ;) But rest assured that you could easily be forbidden to edit ===Etymology=== at all, as that would (at lest IMHO) be a very good way to find out the real nature of your presence on this project.

Cheers! --Ivan Štambuk 12:10, 25 July 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:KYPark/etymology


text:
tatlı tatlı

Adverb

 * 1) In a delightful or sweet manner; delightfully, lightly, sweetly.

title: tatlı tatlı


text:
ᮃᮘᮂ-ᮃᮘᮂ

Noun

 * 1) goods, chattels, effects; gear, tackle

title: ᮃᮘᮂ-ᮃᮘᮂ


text: tatlıyı

title: tatlıyı


text: tatlılar

title: tatlılar


text: acıyı

title: acıyı


text: acılar

title: acılar


text:
acı acı

Adverb

 * 1) In a bitter or caustical manner; bitterly, caustically.
 * Ânîden telefon acı acı çalmaya başlayınca o kötü haberin geleceği içime doğmuştu.
 * As the phone rang caustically, I had the feeling that bad news was about to arrive.

title: acı acı


text:
içine doğmak

Etymology
, equivalent to.

Verb

 * 1)  To have a hunch or feeling that something is or was going to happen; to feel in one's water, to feel in one's bones.

Usage notes

 * In the base form of the verb, "" has the possessive suffix for 3rd Person Singular, this suffix changes accordingly for other persons;
 * 1st P. Sg. "" + → (içime)
 * 2nd P. Sg. "" + → (içine)
 * 1st P. Pl. "" + → (içimize)
 * 2nd P. Pl. "" + → (içinize)
 * 3rd P. Pl. "" + → (içlerinize)
 * Since the event that is presumably felt assumes the position of the subject in the sentence, the verb can only be inflected in 3rd person singular or plural.

title: içine doğmak


text:
User talk:KYPark/Otis

There are ancient Korean-English cognates
Dear KY Park, I came upon your comments. Please see: http://www.highwaywriter.com/rooms/essays/korean-english_cognates.html BobOtis

Why can't there be Korean-IE cognates?
Dear KY Park,

For several years I have been collecting words that appear to me to be cognates of English or other IE languages. While I am not a linguist and while I do not want to get into silly arguments with people whose notions of language superfamilies are set in stone from 19th Century European assumptions, I will say that we know this:

1. the Indo-Europeans came into Europe from the East, with the Germans and Slavs appearing last. Where did they originate from exactly? Who pushed them west? When? Why?

2. The aboriginal Europeans include the ancestors of the Basques (likely the "Iberians," such as those who created the interestingly Asian-looking Lady of Elche statue see:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_of_Elche). There are other genetic traits in Western Europe that appear to be East Asian, such as the so-called "Black Irish" (black hair, light skin, hooded eyes). Similar traits appear in Scandinavians (such as Icelandic singer Björk (http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&num=10&lr=&cr=&safe=images&um=1&ie=UTF-8&q=Bj%C3%B6rk&sa=N&tab=wi&gbv=1&ei=_zQlS-LXK46tlAeb7IX0CQ), in Slavs, (such as geopolitical analyst Zbigniew Brezinski), journalist Jim Hoagland (http://images.google.com/images?gbv=1&hl=en&lr=&num=10&um=1&ei=OTUlS4WyKI6tlAeb7IX0CQ&sa=X&oi=spell&resnum=0&ct=result&cd=1&q=Zbigniew+Brzezinski&spell=1). Finns, Sami, and other Uralic peoples of Europe also frequently exhibit Asian characteristics. While racial or facial features do not definitively prove language connections, they definitely prove that our automatic assumptions about Europeans and Koreans being sort of polar opposites racially, historically, and linguistically, is really based on 19th Century pre-Nazi race theories than on acknowledgement that Eurasia is, and has been, very mixed. Korea included. As any visitor to Korea could see, there are Koreans who, being "100% Korean" (ie, not mixed recently with other races), look Eurasian. I recall meeting one older gentleman who looked Italian. His daughter also looked Eurasian. They came from a very old, yangban family (Kimhae Kims). Mixture means borrowing, mixture means kinship. We do not know exactly where the "Asiatic Europeans" or the "European-looking Koreans" exactly came from, but there existence is real. Something happened long ago. People moved long distances. So when we say "Slavic" are we really talking about the language of a person who is "IE" or really part Mongol or Turkic? So when we say "Celtic language" do we want to ignore that the person speaking it looks Eurasian?

It would be nice if people and languages and histories all fit nice and neatly into comfortable little boxes, so that once they are classified, we don't have to think again. BUT THIS IS NOT THE REAL WORLD! Classifications of languages, races, etc. are only TOOLS, hints, indicators of certain relationships or characteristics. They are not the be-all and end-all of all discussions.

3. The most easterly Indo-Europeans were the Tocharians, who settled about as far east as eastern Uzbekistan. Paintings of the Tocharians frequently display Caucasian features or Eurasian features, particularly light eyes and red hair (red hair = black hair mixed with blond hair; hence, prominence of red hair in Ireland, where blond Norse intermarried with black haired Irish) The current population of Afghanistan still includes some people with these features. But isn't this shocking to hear or see, when we are taught that they really should be sitting somewhere in Switzerland, not somewhere between Tajikistan and China! The fact that they still exist should tell us that we ought to open our minds and ears to connections between even far-flung languages like Korean and English. After all, the ancestors of the English were somewhere in the Urals not really too long ago.... The Koreans' ancestors were somewhere south of Mongolia only around 5,000 years ago.

4. The Korean language today is largely derived from Shilla dialects, with remaining words not of Chinese origin being of Baekje, Gaya or Goguryeo Korean dialects. History tells us that for the most part, at least the founders of the Korean kingdoms and their clans migrated from somewhere in Manchuria. Lore or extrapolations (ie, best guesses) suggest various connections to earlier kingdoms, states or groupings in Manchuria or Inner Asia, such as Gojoseon, and perhaps Xiongnu. While we cannot know for sure the names of these ancestor peoples, we do know that the KOREANS HAD TO COME FROM SOMEWHERE before entering the Peninsula. They did not come from Japan, as Japan was in the stone age. They did not come from America. They came from the West, from somewhere in Inner Asia. If they went eastward to the Peninsula, from whence did they originate?

While developments in the modern Korean language even make connections with modern Japanese seem to some to be "unproven," (actually because they do not look hard enough into regional dialect vocabularies and for political reasons in JP)it can be harder to show obvious kinship to languages such as Mongol or Manchu, although these connections most certainly can be done. So what's the point here? A LOT OF TIME HAS PASSED BETWEEN THESE LANGUAGES, and even more time between Korean and Indo-European. When we speak of Korean cognates to Indo-European languages, what is there to take offense at? We are not saying that Korean is an Indo-European language or that it is a member of the Indo-European "family" of languages. We do not have to say that. We are merely saying that these neolithic peoples - the ancestors of Germans,Latins,Celts, Greeks, Slavs, etc.,and the ancestors of the Koreans - were possibly speaking the same language or similar enough languages that, after say, 5,000 or 10,000 years, 20,000 years, WE STILL CAN SEE OBVIOUS LINKAGES BETWEEN THESE PEOPLES.

Should one want to call them "false cognates"? Why? Because their existence is inconvenient to earlier theories or artificial groupings of languages? This is just silly.

5. Suggesting that Korean-IE cognates do not exist because Korean is not a member of the IE family is simple minded. If someone discovered that the skeleton of a cow and that of a walrus are shown to be from the same ancestry, isn't that interesting enough? Does the cow have to swim underwater or does the walrus have to graze on a pasture for us to accept such a discovery? Is academia and intellectual thought in the 21st Century to be straightjacketed to follow every recipe and classification made by 19th Century minds? We should find that these K-IE are NOT "false cognates," but rather that they are at least "possible cognates" with IE. Will this overturn the entire sacred classification of IE languages? Nope. It just makes life more interesting to think that maybe - just maybe - people existed before the charting of the IE family of languages. And yes, that maybe there was some kind of language that joined Korean with Indo-European. Is this really so unacceptable to the authorities here???

6. I am reminded here of my days in college. It went something like this: I am reading a book in 1978 that was written in 1968, assigned by a professor who has taught nearly the same course from the same notes since 1958. His notes for the course were based on his classes, during the early 1950's, which were taught by professors formed in the 1920's, who were raised on texts largely written in the 19th Century. And in 2010, with this basis of knowledge, weighed down with the burden to keep these often flawed or incorrect teachings sacredly hoisted above my shoulders as ABSOLUTE TRUTHS, I am expected to look at the world in a bold new way? No. This does not happen if one allows oneself to be trapped in the texts and formulas of one's professors' professors. It only makes us sub-human, as ciphers repeating what we are told and being reminded that there is no need to think because it all has been thought out for us already.

Why is this so important in regard to this topic? Because until very, very recently, perhaps in the 1980's, there was almost no usable discussion in the West of Korea, of Korean history, of Korean linguistics, etc. The Japanese tried to extinguish this people's culture and when they could not do that, they did everything that they could after WWII to influence Western academia to disregard Korea, Koreans and their language. This is a sick pathology of the post-Meiji Japanese educational-political-wartime machine, and western "scholars" have been easily bought, bribed or pandered to by the Japanese militarists, and that is why only in the 21st Century is there a bit of frankness about the discovery that the Koreans founded Yamato, settled Japan, and tungusicized the Austronesian language of the Cipangans. I suggest that the main reason why it seems so unacceptable on this forum to accept a simple list of Korean-IE cognates or possible cognates is that many of the commenters here have been frankly brainwashed into undermining Korea, Koreans, and their role in world civilization. Also, as far as linguistics classification theories go, the field has been dominated by Europeans, some of whom cannot accept non-European linkages to their own peoples. (You know who you are....)

Mr Park, I have been randomly collecting words that I felt were K-IE cognates and I will call them so, because that is what they are. Is there ever going to be evidence of the super-super family that brought Korean together with Indo-European? I doubt it. I am amazed that there are still some trace evidences of Gothic, Etruscan, and Tocharian, which all have been very much more recent that our expected K-IE connections. I stumbled upon your website and this discussion following a web search, and I hope that you continue your work. What you see IS evidence of a common language. The words that you and I have noted are not words like semiconductor or street car or nucleic acid. These aren't "false cognates" or borrow words. These are basic words that people wandering Eurasia in very ancient times might have used so regularly that even thousands of years later they did not need to change them. Words like apa (father) and eoma (mother). Are these not cognates to English pa and ma? I have noted that words like gae (dog) are cognate to IE canine, cão (PT), etc. They are not cognates?

Please keep up the good work. If you wish to communicate, please write me at highwaywriter@yahoo.com. Best regards and great success! Bob Otis

title: User talk:KYPark/Otis


text:
mobilmachen

Verb

 * 1)  to mobilize

title: mobilmachen


text:
User:Scari

 * Wikibabel

title: User:Scari


text:
Mobilmachung

Noun

 * 1)  mobilization

title: Mobilmachung


text: Mobilmachungen

title: Mobilmachungen


text:
Demobilisierung

Noun

 * 1)  demobilization

title: Demobilisierung


text:
Demobilisation

Noun

 * 1)  demobilization

title: Demobilisation


text: Demobilisationen

title: Demobilisationen


text: Demobilisierungen

title: Demobilisierungen


text:
mobilisieren

Verb

 * 1) to mobilize

title: mobilisieren


text:
demobilisieren

Verb

 * 1) to demobilize

title: demobilisieren


text:
Mobilisierung

Noun

 * 1) mobilization

title: Mobilisierung


text: Mobilisierungen

title: Mobilisierungen


text:
that's wassup

Phrase

 * 1)  This is excellent; this is cool.
 * 1)  This is excellent; this is cool.

title: that's wassup


text: hauuan

title: hauuan


text:
Aufmarsch

Noun

 * 1)  deployment
 * 2)  marching up
 * 3) parade

title: Aufmarsch


text: Aufmärsche

title: Aufmärsche


text: Aufmarschs

title: Aufmarschs


text: Aufmarsches

title: Aufmarsches


text:
nagal

Etymology
From, whence also 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) A nail, pin
 * 2)  A nail

Etymology
From, whence also 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) nail (of the fingers and toes)

title: nagal


text:
aufmarschieren

Verb

 * 1)  to march up, to be deployed

title: aufmarschieren


text: loƀian

title: loƀian


text:
raadollinen

Etymology
. The word originally probably meant "exile, vagrant", with a later shift to its current meaning, after which it became associated with by folk etymology.

Adjective

 * 1) wretched, miserable (of someone)
 * 2) cruel, despicable, unscrupulous (of something)

title: raadollinen


text:
jukkian

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to itch

title: jukkian


text:
raadollisuus

Noun

 * 1) wretchedness, miserableness (of someone)
 * 2) cruelness, despicableness, unscrupulousness (of something)

title: raadollisuus


text:
-raajainen

Adjective

 * 1)  legged

title: -raajainen


text:
raajapari

Noun

 * 1) pair of limbs

title: raajapari


text:
raakalaisuus

Noun

 * 1) barbarianism, savagery

title: raakalaisuus


text:
lovian

Etymology
From, related to.

Verb

 * 1) to trust
 * 2) to believe

title: lovian


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/wreedte?/reply (3)

Waarschijnlijk niet, nee. Maar dat is het moeilijke bij woorden die weinig geattesteerd zijn... je kunt nooit met genoeg zekerheid zeggen of ze in het Oergermaans voorkwamen. In zo'n geval zou ik liever het zekere voor het onzekere nemen en het woord niet als Oergermaans beschouwen.


text:
het zekere voor het onzekere nemen

Etymology
Literally "to take the certain before the uncertain".

Verb

 * 1)  to err on the side of caution

title: het zekere voor het onzekere nemen


text:
raatelunokka

Noun

 * 1) raptorial beak

title: raatelunokka


text:
radioliikenne

Noun

 * 1) radio communication

title: radioliikenne


text:
hljómsveit

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) band, orchestra musical group

title: hljómsveit


text:
sinfónía

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) symphony orchestral piece

title: sinfónía


text: User:Matthias Buchmeier/en-id-a

title: User:Matthias Buchmeier/en-id-a


text:
kozijn

Etymology 1
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) window frame

Etymology 2
From, from.

Noun

 * 1)  A male cousin.
 * 2)  A nephew.
 * 1)  A nephew.

title: kozijn


title: Template:osx-conj-wk2-2


text:
silīcijs

Etymology
From the stem of.

Noun

 * 1) silicon metalloid chemical element with atomic number 14

title: silīcijs


text: scriðan

title: scriðan


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/wreedte?/reply (4)

Bedankt! Leasnam (talk) 12:32, 12 July 2012 (UTC)


text:
kaalikeitto

Noun

 * 1) cabbage soup

title: kaalikeitto


text:
kaalikääryle

Noun

 * 1) cabbage roll, cabbage dolma

title: kaalikääryle


text: silicon carbides

title: silicon carbides


text:
kaalinpää

Noun

 * 1) cabbagehead cabbage leaves

title: kaalinpää


text: silīcijā

title: silīcijā


text: silīcija

title: silīcija


text: silīciju

title: silīciju


text:
Talk:exocentric

The definition provided as of 12 July 2012 seems very narrow. I was looking this up online and came upon everything from no mention in some dictionaries to something relating to virtual reality. It strikes me that it would be useful at least to explain the latin origins (exo and centric) at some length and then point out that the term seems to be used in a variety of different contexts but is not widely recognised. I attempted something like this but fell foul of my unfamiliarity with contributing to Wiki and the need for strict formatting.

Is there anyone out there who might be better placed to at least make a start on this?

Prelerah (talk) 12:41, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

Either the def is wrong OR we are missing a sense
"Not having the same part of speech as any of its constituent words." However, cutpurse and redhead are exocentric compounds, even though in both cases they are nouns with internal noun elements (purse and head): they are exocentric because neither element carries the bulk of the semantics, i.e. a redhead is not a head (it's a person). Equinox ◑ 18:18, 3 April 2016 (UTC)

Oddly enough we have cutpurse listed in the English exocentric compounds category (which I’m unable to link to for some reason) but not redhead. Is that a mistake? Should we add it to that category? Overlordnat1 (talk) 11:02, 9 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:exocentric


text: silīcijam

title: silīcijam


text:
Talk:rearview mirror

canonical entry
The rearview mirror and rear-view mirror entries seem unaware of each other. One of them should be the primary entry, and the other a pointer to it listed as an alternative form (cf. uh oh). I don't know which should be the primary. 66.68.23.185 12:41, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I'll make this here spelling the primary. Tbh, it doesn't really really matter, because making one an alt. form over another isn't exactly supposed to imply the "alt. form" is less used, though that may be the case sometimes. 50 Xylophone Players talk to meh 12:48, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * On second thoughts, the hyphenated one will become main entry; there are a lot more translations there. I guess I could copy-pasted but whatever. 50 Xylophone Players talk to meh 12:51, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Is the arbitrariness of which form is the "alt." a Wiktionary policy? In most dictionaries, the preferred form is the primary entry, and alternative forms are (varying degrees of) less preferred. 66.68.23.185 00:25, 13 July 2012 (UTC)
 * A term preferred in one region of the world might not be so in another region. See the problem? Preference is subjective. Jamesjiao → T ◊ C 00:31, 13 July 2012 (UTC)
 * You're right; "preferred" is not the correct term. What I meant was that in most dictionaries, primacy of one spelling is often indicative of something, such which form is the more common.  (Regional variations, typically, are explicitly mentioned as such.)  My question, based on 50 Xylophone Players' comment, is whether Wiktionary's policy is to break with this common practice, and choose the primary entry arbitrarily.  If so, does Wiktionary have another mechanism for indicating if one form appears more frequently than another? 66.68.23.185 20:34, 18 July 2012 (UTC)
 * We can only try (Google searches, etc). --Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 06:07, 25 July 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:rearview mirror


text:
Talk:rear-view mirror

canonical entry
The rearview mirror and rear-view mirror entries seem unaware of each other. One of them should be the primary entry, and the other a pointer to it listed as an alternative form (cf. uh oh). I don't know which should be the primary. 66.68.23.185 12:41, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

Image
Your photo is of a wing mirror, I think. Isn't the rearview/rear-view mirror the one that sits above the windscreen? If so, change your picture? Wheatfromchaff (talk) 18:30, 12 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Replaced. Chuck Entz (talk) 02:55, 13 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Well done. Good choice of picture too. Wheatfromchaff (talk) 09:32, 11 April 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:rear-view mirror


text:
samþykki

Noun

 * 1) consent

title: samþykki


text:
Federer

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:

title: Federer


text:
sælgæti

Noun

 * 1) something delicious
 * 2) candy

title: sælgæti


text:
ónáða

Verb

 * 1) to disturb (someone)

title: ónáða


text: crunchings

title: crunchings


text:
augljós

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) obvious

title: augljós


text: hevalê

title: hevalê


text: kronās

title: kronās


text: malperê

title: malperê


text: kronu

title: kronu


text: kronai

title: kronai


text: malperek

title: malperek


text: kronām

title: kronām


text: malperekê

title: malperekê


text: malpereke

title: malpereke


text: kronā

title: kronā


text: malpera

title: malpera


text: malperan

title: malperan


text: malperên

title: malperên


text: malperno

title: malperno


text:
sunnan

Adverb

 * 1) coming from the south
 * 2) located to the south

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adverb

 * 1) from the south
 * 2) * ', verse 4, lines 5-6, in 1860', T. Möbius, Edda Sæmundar hins fróða: mit einem Anhang zum Theil bisher ungedruckter Gedichte''. Leipzig, page 1:
 * "non"

- sól skein sunnan / á salar steina,

title: sunnan


text:
haizivs

Etymology
From (compare ), a short form of, a compound of  and ; and. Probably a calque of.

Noun

 * 1) shark scaleless, sharp-toothed predatory fish of the superorder

title: haizivs


text: Category:lv:Sharks

title: Category:lv:Sharks


text: Category:Latvian terms derived from Icelandic


text:
User talk:KYPark/transcription

Transcription
Hi, thank you for your contributions. A point with regard to Korean: here we are following the Revised Romanization of Korean of 2000. This means that 락 is transliterated "rak", etc. —Stephen 00:08, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi, Steve. I'm so sorry to have caused you so much trouble to correct all my unfortunate Romanizations. I understand Wiktionary should adopt a certain Romanization system, say, RR instead of MR and others, however damaging it might be. Unfortunately, however, all such systems so far mainly aim to romanize Korean proper names in isolation rather than agglutinating or conjugating words in context. They adopt a radical reductionism, ignoring linguistic dynamism of the Korean language. Such is not linguistics, I am afraid. As a result of RR, you have to bother explaining why garak should suddenly become garag before /e/, for example. Such stupid transliteration should and could be avoided easily! I'm not quite sure, but RR already has such an allowance, as suggested here. Anyway, I hate any Roman transliteration more ambiguous than Hangul. Simply it is hard for me to accept why rag (락) and rak (랔) should be the same, whatever each may be. Whatever would insist so would be rubbish, I should say.

 * The Revised Romanization of Korean doesn’t seem to suffer from that defect. While a final "ㄱ" in Korean does not change form in different environments, the transcription of it does change. For example, 한국 = hanguk, but 한국어 = hangugeo; 벽 = byeok, but 벽에 = byeoge. Some letters have other transcriptions; e.g., 고맙습니다 = gomapseumnida (not gomapseubnida). The Korean stops are only written with "p-t-k" when they are NOT followed by a vowel or semivowel: e.g., 밖 → bak, 밖에 → bakke; 부엌 = bueok, 부엌에 = bueoke. —Stephen 17:25, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

 * The Wiki article you suggest, Revised Romanization of Korean, is not fully informative. So, to supplement yours, I previously suggested another article, Korean romanization#Examples, whose third column "RR (RR transliteration in brackets)" suggests the strict transliteration rather than normal transcription provision, from the least ambiguity perspective! This exceptional but rational provision is exactly what Wiki should adopt, I insist. Or, I resist. The following is excerpted from The Romanization of Korean by its originator, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, RoK:

 * (8) When it is necessary to convert Romanized Korean back to Hangeul in special cases such as in academic articles, Romanization is done according to Hangeul spelling and not pronunciation. Each Hangeul letter is Romanized as explained in section 2 except that ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ, ㄹ are always written as g, d, b, l. When ㅇ has no sound value, it is replaced by a hyphen may also be used when it is necessary to distinguish between syllables.

e.g. 집 jib 짚 jip 밖 bakk 값 gabs 붓꽃 buskkoch 먹는 meogneun 독립 doglib 문리 munli 물엿 mul-yeos 굳이 gud-i 좋다 johda 가곡 gagog 조랑말 jolangmal 없었습니다 eobs-eoss-seubnida
 * --KYPark 09:23, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, but the only reason for this special case is to allow easy and accurate retransliteration into Korean. Here in Wiktionary, the Korean Romanizations are always accompanied by the actual Korean spelling, and therefore we do not have any need to worry about or allow for re-Koreanization. The Romanization that you like to use is needed when the actual Korean spelling is absent, but here we always give the Korean letters. The very same problem crops up with the transcription of almost every script (Russian, Arabic, Amharic, Greek, etc.), but we completely avoid the problem here by always giving the word in its correct script, and so we only need a Romanization that is easy to type and that is helpful with the pronunciation. —Stephen 21:14, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

 * You are supposed to support user-centrism as the mainstream in most disciplines, not to mention postmodernism claiming "the death of the author." We will not confine ourselves to the explicit literal meaning. Implicitly, we are allowed to apply the exact transliteration whenever we need it indeed. It would be very unwise for Wiktionary to presuppose for what the reader should use the Romanization, say, for somewhat easier pronunciation. Korean words may always be shown together with the Romanization, as you said. Nevertheless, all the readers may not read them for one reason after another. Some of them may even try to learn Korean relying on the Romanization only, not without reason and feasibility, at least in the beginning. Phonetically speaking, Hangul is not perfectly consistent, though very well designed for Korean in general. The consonants sound different depending on the context. Transcription is one thing, and the actual pronunciation is another, to be precise. Of course, the Romanization needs to help pronounce Korean as easily and correctly as possible. But that should not be the whole story, I should say. Such an insistence may sacrifice so many other crucial things, e.g., enormous confusion and ambiguity caused by inconsistent Roman spelling in agglutination and conjugation. It reminds me of the Western "phonocentrism" Jacques Derrida criticized and even ridiculed so bitterly. One more regrettable thing worth remembering is that English is great not because of the most irregular transcription. Native English speakers may not understand how much others love an easy if not easiest transcription. Please help the Romanized Korean not to look crazy! --KYPark 09:49, 1 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I have explained to you the transliteration that we are using here for Korean, and I have explained why. I am not going to argue anymore about it. If you don’t use the approved system as I have described it, your transcriptions will all have to be changed, which is double the effort. —Stephen 15:42, 2 September 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:KYPark/transcription


text: haizivis

title: haizivis


text: haizivīs

title: haizivīs


text:
User talk:KYPark/false cognates

False cognates
Another important point: A false cognate is a word that appears to have a shared linguistic origin to a given word, but which is, to people’s surprise, quite unrelated. The False Cognate with some translations of water that you listed are not false cognates. Nobody believes that they are linguistically related. They are simply words in various languages that have vaguely similar sounds to some Korean words, but they do NOT appear to be cognates. That’s like saying "Al" (Albert) is linguistically related to Arabic "Ali" or "Allah". Nobody thinks they are cognates, and therefore they cannot be considered "false cognates". They are simply words in other languages that are completely unrelated to a similar-sounding Korean word.

These words are NOT cognates with are Korean word, nor are they FALSE cognates:
 * Belarusian: вада (vadá)
 * Dutch: water
 * German: Wasser
 * Polish: woda
 * Russian: вода (vodá)
 * Slovene: voda
 * Swedish: vatten
 * —Stephen 00:26, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Again I am very sorry but my understanding of false cognate is not so sofisticated as yours. Certainly you can define it in your own way, whether I or anyone else agree or not. To be fair, I would refer you to false cognate. --KYPark 14:41, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

 * The article at false cognate is very well done and I agree with it. The thing is that I am familiar with almost all of the examples listed in that article, because there have been quite a few educated people over the years that have believed those examples were really cognates. Books have been written about how universally shared words such as me, mama and dada are proof that all languages sprouted out of a single ancestral language around 5600 years ago. But I have never heard of anyone who thought 바다 and water were cognates. The distinction is between "not cognate" and "false cognate". In all fairness, I could be mistaken about this particular word, and perhaps there is a significant number of linguists who claim a genetic relationship. I have not encountered this claim before, but it’s possible. If there really is a significant group of people who suggest it’s a cognate, then the thing to do would be to add an ===Etymology=== section at the beginning of the article and trace the word back as far as possible, and that’s also where you would indicate that it’s a false cognate with English water, if in fact it is a false cognate rather than simply not cognate as I believe. —Stephen 11:37, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Truth in itself is of itself, independent from the popular belief and knowledge, and mostly hidden implicit and tacit. Five centuries ago, all believed geocentrism. The Indo-European language family used to totally ignore the sharing of linguistic heritage with the others. The least would be with the Far Eastern, and particularly Korean. Such Eurocentrism has been much harder to overcome than geocentrism.

 * In Anglo-American academia, the Eurasiatic or Proto-world hypthesis was raised just a few decades ago by the later Greenberg. He was just knocking at the door, which was and still remains tightly closed. This state of affairs appears so strange and absurd, as the single linguistic ancestry is widely accepted in the Western Christianity.

 * You strongly suggest that some established cognates later turn out to be false cognates. Simply such is not the case. From the beginning, the Far Eastern were never regarded as such cognates. It would be reasonabe to approach the other way around, from false to true cognates, as etymology makes progress.

 * Dolmens are found almost all over the world, and half of them in Korea! Why should she be limited to them? She may have inherited lots of linguistic genes of very old origin from the single ancestry or Eurasiatic. Such hypotheses opened up the possibility of Korean cognates with the Indo-European, while no cognate whatsoever could be proved as such. Nevertheless, the more Korean false cognates with the Indo-European, the higher degree of belief and coherence as the major truth condition.--KYPark 15:23, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

Stephen -- why shouldn't "bada" and say, "wada" (a stone's throw from "water") -- be related? Just because no-one has considered it before does not mean it is not a real connection. You give no real supporting claim.

Second -- just as Spanish has its "v"/"b" conversion -- perhaps Korean has something like it, as well. --Cofee Mapps, 12:26, 27 February 2011

title: User talk:KYPark/false cognates


text: haizivju

title: haizivju