text:
overlexicalization

Noun

 * 1) The creation and use of many words or lexical items for a single entity or concept.

title: overlexicalization


text:
Astrape

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1)  The goddess/personification of lightning, sister of Bronte, and an attendant of Zeus. Her Roman counterpart is Fulgora.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Astrape


text:
Bronte

Etymology
From or.

Proper noun

 * 1)  One of the, who forged Zeus's thunderbolts.
 * 2)  The goddess personifying thunder.
 * 3) An English dukedom.
 * 4) A place name:
 * , origin of the title.
 * , named after.
 * , named after the.
 * , named after, from the.
 * , named after the.
 * , named after, from the.

title: Bronte


text:
relexicalize

Verb

 * 1)  To change the lexicon of; to use different words for.
 * 2)  To borrow or adopt back into a lexicon.
 * to relexicalize a word
 * to relexicalize a word

title: relexicalize


text: relexicalized

title: relexicalized


text: relexicalizing

title: relexicalizing


text: relexicalizes

title: relexicalizes


text: illusztrációk

title: illusztrációk


text:
Fulgora

Etymology
From.

Hypernyms

 * ; - suborder;  - infraorder;  - superfamily;  - family;  - subfamily;  - tribe

Hypernyms

 * (peanut-headed lanternfly) - type species;, , , , , , , - other species

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1)  The Roman goddess/personification of lightning. She is the Roman counterpart of Astrape.

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1)  The goddess who presided over lightning

title: Fulgora


text: sluddet

title: sluddet


text: implikációk

title: implikációk


text:
πνιγεύς

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) damper, cover for a stove
 * 2) hydraulic instrument in which air is pent up
 * 3) muzzle for horses

title: πνιγεύς


text:
soda club

Noun

 * 1) club soda

title: soda club


text: improvizációk

title: improvizációk


text:
simbolists

Etymology
From. Probably not formed as such in, but borrowed and adapted from other European languages.

Noun

 * 1) symbolist a (male) supporter or follower of symbolism

title: simbolists


text: innovációk

title: innovációk


text:
separate the sheep from the goats

Etymology
From the New Testament discourse of, particularly Matthew 25:32–33: “And before him shall be gathered all nations: and he shall separate them one from another, as a shepherd divideth his sheep from the goats: And he shall set the sheep on his right hand, but the goats on the left.”

Verb

 * 1) To divide the members of a group into those that are superior and those that are inferior.

Translations

 * Russian: отделить зёрна от плевел,, отделить овец от козлищ

title: separate the sheep from the goats


text:
eau tonique

Noun

 * 1) tonic water

title: eau tonique


text: inspirációk

title: inspirációk


text: integrációk

title: integrációk


text: interpellációk

title: interpellációk


text: interpretációk

title: interpretációk


text:
boccista

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  bowls player

title: boccista


text: intonációk

title: intonációk


text: iterációk

title: iterációk


text: interclouding

title: interclouding


text: interclouded

title: interclouded


text: bordini

title: bordini


text: kalkulációk

title: kalkulációk


text:
ophiomorphic

Adjective

 * 1) snake-shaped; serpentine

title: ophiomorphic


text:
bufoniform

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Resembling a toad.

title: bufoniform


text:
foliform

Adjective

 * 1) leaf-shaped

title: foliform


text:
lupiform

Adjective

 * 1) Resembling lupus.

title: lupiform


text:
Thread:User talk:Kephir/logika/reply

Well, yes. But if this "ending" coincides completely by accident with the diminutive suffix, why put it in the "Etymology" section? (Except to perhaps explicitly deny any connection.)

title: Thread:User talk:Kephir/logika/reply


text: leporiform

title: leporiform


text:
spiraliform

Adjective

 * 1) spiral-shaped

title: spiraliform


text: kompenzációk

title: kompenzációk


text:
tauromorphous

Adjective

 * 1) bull-shaped

title: tauromorphous


text:
botswano

Adjective

 * 1) Botswanan

title: botswano


text: komplikációk

title: komplikációk


text:
simbolistu

Noun

title: simbolistu


text:
nonthalamic

Adjective

 * 1) Not thalamic.

title: nonthalamic


text:
utriculiform

Adjective

 * 1) Shaped like an utricle.

title: utriculiform


text:
draconiform

Adjective

 * 1)  dragon-shaped

title: draconiform


text: simbolistes

title: simbolistes


text: simbolistēs

title: simbolistēs


text: simbolistei

title: simbolistei


text:
carbonerese

Etymology
From.

title: carbonerese


text: brewings

title: brewings


text: Carbonera

title: Carbonera


text: simbolistē

title: simbolistē


text: simbolistēm

title: simbolistēm


text: overhearings

title: overhearings


text: hansken

title: hansken


text: thankings

title: thankings


text: simbolistā

title: simbolistā


text:
combinatista

Noun

 * 1)  a skier who competes in  or

title: combinatista


text: simbolistam

title: simbolistam


text: axings

title: axings


text: simbolistus

title: simbolistus


text: hansker

title: hansker


text: stocktakings

title: stocktakings


text: simbolistos

title: simbolistos


text: commediografa

title: commediografa


text: simbolistiem

title: simbolistiem


text: persuadings

title: persuadings


text: hanskene

title: hanskene


text:
reflectionlessness

Noun

 * 1) Absence of a reflection.

title: reflectionlessness


text:
antidemonic

Adjective

 * 1)  Opposing or countering demons.

Translations

 * Portuguese: antidemoníaco

title: antidemonic


text: hanskar

title: hanskar


text: cookese

title: cookese


text: dismantlings

title: dismantlings


text: hanskane

title: hanskane


text:
crickettista

Noun

 * 1)  cricketer

title: crickettista


text:
crittanalista

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) cryptanalyst

title: crittanalista


text:
emiratino

Adjective

 * 1) of or from an emirate; specifically, of or from the United Arab Emirates

title: emiratino


text: filantropa

title: filantropa


text: garrotando

title: garrotando


text: garrotante

title: garrotante


text: garrotato

title: garrotato


text: garrotati

title: garrotati


text: garrotata

title: garrotata


text:
garrotare

Verb

 * 1) to garrote

title: garrotare


text: garroto

title: garroto


text: garroti

title: garroti


text: garrotiamo

title: garrotiamo


text: garrotate

title: garrotate


text: garrotano

title: garrotano


text: garrotavo

title: garrotavo


text: garrotavi

title: garrotavi


text: garrotava

title: garrotava


text: garrotavamo

title: garrotavamo


text: garrotavate

title: garrotavate


text: garrotavano

title: garrotavano


text: garrotai

title: garrotai


text: garrotasti

title: garrotasti


text: garrotò

title: garrotò


text: garrotammo

title: garrotammo


text: garrotaste

title: garrotaste


text: garrotarono

title: garrotarono


text: garroterò

title: garroterò


text: garroterai

title: garroterai


text: garroterà

title: garroterà


text: garroteremo

title: garroteremo


text: garroterete

title: garroterete


text: garroteranno

title: garroteranno


text: garroterei

title: garroterei


text: garroteresti

title: garroteresti


text: garroterebbe

title: garroterebbe


text: garroteremmo

title: garroteremmo


text: garrotereste

title: garrotereste


text: garroterebbero

title: garroterebbero


text: garrotiate

title: garrotiate


text: garrotino

title: garrotino


text: garrotassi

title: garrotassi


text: garrotasse

title: garrotasse


text: garrotassimo

title: garrotassimo


text: garrotassero

title: garrotassero


text:
źaržaś

Etymology
From, from ; cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to hold

title: źaržaś


text:
puranco

Adverb

 * 1) even, just
 * 2) even though, even if, although

title: puranco


text:
gironcino

Noun

 * 1)  round robin

title: gironcino


text:
liechtensteinese

Etymology
From.

title: liechtensteinese


text:
cuatri

Etymology
From.

Numeral

 * 1)  four

Noun

 * 1) quad; quad bike

title: cuatri


text:
mercedario

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  mercy

Adjective

 * 1) Mercedarian

Noun

 * 1) Mercedarian

title: mercedario


text:
motomondiale

Noun

 * 1)  motorcycle Grand Prix

title: motomondiale


text:
sîs

Etymology
From.

Numeral

 * 1)  six

title: sîs


text:
orientista

Noun

 * 1)  orienteer

title: orientista


text:
pallamanista

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  handball player, handballer

title: pallamanista


text: paroliera

title: paroliera


text:
portasfortuna

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) jinx

Adjective

 * 1) unlucky

title: portasfortuna


text: portoelpidiense

title: portoelpidiense


text: Porto Sant'Elpidio

title: Porto Sant'Elpidio


text:
Fermo

Etymology
From.

title: Fermo


text:
protovescovo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) protobishop (the first bishop of a particular bishopric)

title: protovescovo


text:
premonire

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to forewarn, to harbinger, to omen, to foretell, to herald

title: premonire


text: alases

title: alases


text:
uomo avvisato, mezzo salvato

Etymology
lit. 'warned man, half saved'.

Proverb

 * 1) forewarned is forearmed

title: uomo avvisato, mezzo salvato


text: premonendo

title: premonendo


text: premonente

title: premonente


text: premonito

title: premonito


text: premoniti

title: premoniti


text: premonita

title: premonita


text: premonisco

title: premonisco


text: premonisci

title: premonisci


text: premonisce

title: premonisce


text: premoniamo

title: premoniamo


text: premonite

title: premonite


text: premoniscono

title: premoniscono


text: premonivo

title: premonivo


text: premonivi

title: premonivi


text: premoniva

title: premoniva


text: premonivamo

title: premonivamo


text: premonivate

title: premonivate


text: premonivano

title: premonivano


text: premonii

title: premonii


text: premonisti

title: premonisti


text: premonì

title: premonì


text: premonimmo

title: premonimmo


text: premoniste

title: premoniste


text: premonirono

title: premonirono


text: premonirò

title: premonirò


text: premonirai

title: premonirai


text: premonirà

title: premonirà


text: premoniremo

title: premoniremo


text: premonirete

title: premonirete


text: premoniranno

title: premoniranno


text: premonirei

title: premonirei


text: premoniresti

title: premoniresti


text: premonirebbe

title: premonirebbe


text: premoniremmo

title: premoniremmo


text: premonireste

title: premonireste


text: premonirebbero

title: premonirebbero


text: premonisca

title: premonisca


text: premoniate

title: premoniate


text: premoniscano

title: premoniscano


text: premonissi

title: premonissi


text: premonisse

title: premonisse


text: premonissimo

title: premonissimo


text: premonissero

title: premonissero


text:
violotta

Noun

 * 1) A kind of tenor viola or tenor violin tuned an octave below the violin.

title: violotta


text: violottas

title: violottas


text:
dîs

Etymology
From.

Numeral

 * 1)  ten

title: dîs


text:
sclâf

Etymology 1
From or, from , from , which see for more.

Noun

 * 1) slave

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1) Slav

Adjective

 * 1) Slav, Slavic

title: sclâf


text: geita

title: geita


text:
O-aukko

Alternative forms

 * o-aukko

Etymology
O- <

Noun

 * 1) O neckline, O-neckline O-shaped neckline

title: O-aukko


text:
күмер

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) coal

title: күмер


text:
Thread:User talk:Kephir/logika/reply (2)

You mean just to add the category explicitly at the bottom? What good would that do? There are about 40+ suffix-like endings in Hungarian where the ending cannot be connected to the base word as we normally do with suffixes. So while there is no such thing as log + -ika, the -ika suffix/ending is clearly distinguishable in many words such as matematika, klinika, technika, etc. and is able to create new words, mostly from words freshly borrowed from other languages.


text: geiter

title: geiter


text: geitene

title: geitene


text:
O-aukkoinen

Alternative forms

 * o-aukkoinen

Adjective

 * 1) O-neckline, o-neckline having an O-shaped neckline, in English this is a case of attributive use of a noun
 * O-aukkoinen pusero
 * O-neckline blouse

title: O-aukkoinen


text: konföderációk

title: konföderációk


text:
soydade

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) the feeling of  something or someone
 * 2) * 1525-1526, Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional, King Denis of Portugal, B 578: Non poss'eu meu amigo (facsimile)
 * "roa-opt"

- Non posseu meu amigo / Cõ uossa soydade / Viuer

title: soydade


text: suydade

title: suydade


text: soidade

title: soidade


text:
Thread:User talk:Kephir/logika/reply (3)

No, the category link was actually more problematic. If I understand the purpose of these categories correctly, they are supposed to reflect etymologies; "suffixed with -ika" implies that an "-ika" suffix was added to some other word. Which is not the case with these.

So after removing the template, I thought: if this is just a coincidence, why mention the suffix at all?


text: kongregációk

title: kongregációk


text:
promessa di marinaio

Noun

 * 1) dicer's oath
 * 2) worthless promise

title: promessa di marinaio


text:
ogni promessa è debito

Proverb

 * 1) promise is debt

title: ogni promessa è debito


text:
sodade

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) The feeling of missing something or someone.

title: sodade


text:
geitebukk

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a billy goat male goat

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a billy goat male goat

title: geitebukk


text:
Talk:նետ

Parthian
I took it from Martirosyan, who took it from Cheung, who took it from DMMPP page 240a. --Vahag (talk) 18:41, 20 March 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:նետ


text:
Thread:User talk:Kephir/logika/reply (4)

Sometimes the suffix is not immediately added to the entry, but to some version of its root. Although these 40+ established suffix-like endings are not always independent suffixes, they are important from the point of view of the Hungarian language, because they are – at least partly – productive. They are able to create (to naturalize) new words borrowed from foreign languages, and they can derive new words from an existing naturalized word. These elements evidently play role in the speech perception, so the morphology must render an account of them. Collecting them in categories can be useful for language learners. Seeing the same suffix in multiple examples will assists their recognition in other words.


text: geitebukken

title: geitebukken


text: geitebukker

title: geitebukker


text: geitebukkene

title: geitebukkene


text: geitebukkar

title: geitebukkar


text: geitebukkane

title: geitebukkane


text:
tivid

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) lukewarm, tepid

title: tivid


text:
フリスビー

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) a Frisbee or flying disc

title: フリスビー


text:
tagmanĝi

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to eat lunch
 * °N, °W
 * °N, °W

title: tagmanĝi


text:
incidente di percorso

Noun

 * 1) teething troubles

title: incidente di percorso


text:
pozór

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) a misleading or superficial appearance; illusion

title: pozór


text:
pozorny

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) illusory, superficial

title: pozorny


text: շանդ

title: շանդ


text:
შანთი

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) red-hot iron

title: შანთი


text:
vincj

Etymology
From, from , from ,.

Numeral

 * 1)  twenty

title: vincj


text: reincontrando

title: reincontrando


text: reincontrante

title: reincontrante


text: reincontrato

title: reincontrato


text:
reincontrare

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to encounter again, to meet again

title: reincontrare


text: reincontrati

title: reincontrati


text: reincontrata

title: reincontrata


text: reincontro

title: reincontro


text: reincontri

title: reincontri


text: reincontra

title: reincontra


text: reincontriamo

title: reincontriamo


text: reincontrate

title: reincontrate


text: reincontrano

title: reincontrano


text: reincontravo

title: reincontravo


text: reincontravi

title: reincontravi


text: reincontrava

title: reincontrava


text: reincontravamo

title: reincontravamo


text: reincontravate

title: reincontravate


text: reincontravano

title: reincontravano


text: reincontrai

title: reincontrai


text: reincontrasti

title: reincontrasti


text: reincontrò

title: reincontrò


text: reincontrammo

title: reincontrammo


text: reincontraste

title: reincontraste


text: reincontrarono

title: reincontrarono


text: reincontrerò

title: reincontrerò


text: reincontrerai

title: reincontrerai


text: reincontrerà

title: reincontrerà


text: reincontreremo

title: reincontreremo


text: reincontrerete

title: reincontrerete


text: reincontreranno

title: reincontreranno


text: reincontrerei

title: reincontrerei


text: reincontreresti

title: reincontreresti


text: reincontrerebbe

title: reincontrerebbe


text: reincontreremmo

title: reincontreremmo


text: reincontrereste

title: reincontrereste


text: reincontrerebbero

title: reincontrerebbero


text: reincontriate

title: reincontriate


text: reincontrino

title: reincontrino


text: reincontrassi

title: reincontrassi


text: reincontrasse

title: reincontrasse


text: reincontrassimo

title: reincontrassimo


text: reincontrassero

title: reincontrassero


text: ristilizzando

title: ristilizzando


text: ristilizzante

title: ristilizzante


text: ristilizzato

title: ristilizzato


text: ristilizzati

title: ristilizzati


text:
ristilizzare

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to restyle

title: ristilizzare


text: ristilizzata

title: ristilizzata


text: ristilizzo

title: ristilizzo


text: ristilizzi

title: ristilizzi


text: ristilizza

title: ristilizza


text: ristilizziamo

title: ristilizziamo


text: ristilizzate

title: ristilizzate


text: ristilizzano

title: ristilizzano


text: ristilizzavo

title: ristilizzavo


text: ristilizzavi

title: ristilizzavi


text: ristilizzava

title: ristilizzava


text: ristilizzavamo

title: ristilizzavamo


text: ristilizzavate

title: ristilizzavate


text: ristilizzavano

title: ristilizzavano


text: ristilizzai

title: ristilizzai


text: ristilizzasti

title: ristilizzasti


text: ristilizzò

title: ristilizzò


text: ristilizzammo

title: ristilizzammo


text: ristilizzaste

title: ristilizzaste


text: ristilizzarono

title: ristilizzarono


text: ristilizzerò

title: ristilizzerò


text: ristilizzerai

title: ristilizzerai


text: ristilizzerà

title: ristilizzerà


text: ristilizzeremo

title: ristilizzeremo


text: ristilizzerete

title: ristilizzerete


text: ristilizzeranno

title: ristilizzeranno


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/baugijaną

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to bend, bow

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/baugijaną


text: ristilizzerei

title: ristilizzerei


text: ristilizzeresti

title: ristilizzeresti


text: ristilizzerebbe

title: ristilizzerebbe


text: ristilizzeremmo

title: ristilizzeremmo


text: ristilizzereste

title: ristilizzereste


text: ristilizzerebbero

title: ristilizzerebbero


text: ristilizziate

title: ristilizziate


text: ristilizzino

title: ristilizzino


text: ristilizzassi

title: ristilizzassi


text: ristilizzasse

title: ristilizzasse


text: ristilizzassimo

title: ristilizzassimo


text: ristilizzassero

title: ristilizzassero


text: sanvincentino

title: sanvincentino


text: scioccanti

title: scioccanti


text: sconfinanti

title: sconfinanti


text:
seychellese

Etymology
From.

title: seychellese


text:
sierraleonese

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Sierra Leonian

title: sierraleonese


text:
simbionese

Adjective

 * 1) Symbionese

title: simbionese


text:
kalver

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) calf

title: kalver


text:
squash-halli

Noun

 * 1) A sports hall featuring squash courts; a squash center.

title: squash-halli


text:
squash-kenttä

Noun

 * 1) squash court

title: squash-kenttä


text:
squash-maila

Noun

 * 1) squash racket

title: squash-maila


text:
squash-pallo

Noun

 * 1) squash ball

title: squash-pallo


text:
kalvekjøtt

Noun

 * 1) veal (calf meat)

Noun

 * 1) veal (calf meat)

title: kalvekjøtt


text:
Category:nn:Meats

no:Kategori:no:Stykningsdeler

title: Category:nn:Meats


text: kalvekjøttet

title: kalvekjøttet


text:
squash-ottelu

Noun

 * 1) squash match

Usage notes
A squash match consists of a number of parts called games ( in Finnish).

title: squash-ottelu


text:
squash-turnaus

Noun

 * 1) squash tournament

title: squash-turnaus


text: drinkadon

title: drinkadon


text:
solideco

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) solidity

title: solideco


text: solidecon

title: solidecon


text:
Rhymes:Luxembourgish/əʃt

One syllable

 * Chrëscht
 * gëscht
 * Këscht
 * Lëscht
 * Mëscht
 * tëscht
 * zwëscht

title: Rhymes:Luxembourgish/əʃt


text:
Hamleto

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) Hamlet

title: Hamleto


text: Hamleton

title: Hamleton


text: dekdua

title: dekdua


text: dekduaj

title: dekduaj


text: dekduan

title: dekduan


text:
Chrëscht

Etymology
From, , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) Christian follower of Christianity, male or unspecified sex

title: Chrëscht


text:
wrappi

Etymology
<

Noun

 * 1) wrap food

title: wrappi


text: dekduajn

title: dekduajn


text: gëscht

title: gëscht


text:
miljaro

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  millennium

title: miljaro


text: miljaroj

title: miljaroj


text: miljaron

title: miljaron


text: miljarojn

title: miljarojn


text:
Dnipro

Etymology
From and earlier, from , from , from / (Sarmatian)  Apara ("Far River") or. The former derivation would pair it with the, while the latter would refer to its lack of fords. and. As a city, originally a clipping of, formally adopted as the town's name in 2016 as part of general decommunization of placenames. Its oblast has not yet followed suit because it is mentioned by name in the Ukrainian constitution.

Proper noun

 * , on the river.
 * , an oblast of Ukraine.
 * , an oblast of Ukraine.

Usage notes
Formerly, the more common English name of this river was. Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, nearly all Western media began adopting the Ukrainian form of the name. Alternatively, the name can be used to distinguish the lower stretches of the river through Ukraine, as opposed to its upper reaches in Russia and Belarus.

Synonyms

 * Borysthenes, Slavutych, Slavutich, Danasper, Danapris ; Dnieper
 * Dnipropetrovsk, Dnepropetrovsk, Dnipro-Petrovske, Dnipro-Petrovs’ke, Sicheslav, Novorossiysk, Katerynoslav, Yekaterinoslav

Related terms

 * Dniester

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * Belarusian: Дняпро́
 * Bulgarian: Дне́пър
 * Catalan: Dnièper
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Crimean Tatar: Özü
 * Czech:
 * Danish: Dnepr
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Georgian: დნეპრი
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: Βορυσθένης, Δάναπρις
 * Hebrew: דנייפר
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Italian: Nipro
 * Japanese: ドニエプル川
 * Korean: 드네프르 강
 * Latin: Danaper, Borysthenēs
 * Lithuanian: Dniepras
 * Macedonian: Дне́пар
 * Nogai: Узу
 * Old East Slavic: Дънѣпръ
 * Old Norse: Nepr
 * Ottoman Turkish: اوزی
 * Persian: دنیپر
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: Dnieper, Dniepre, Borístenes
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Дњепар
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: Dneper
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: Dinyeper, Özi
 * Ukrainian:, Дніпр
 * Yiddish: דניעפּער

 * Armenian:
 * Belarusian: Днепрапятро́ўск, Дняпро́, Дніпро́
 * Bulgarian: Днепропетро́вск
 * Danish: Dnepropetrovsk
 * Dutch: Dnipro, Dnipropetrovsk
 * Farefare: Nipro
 * French: ,
 * Georgian: დნეპროპეტროვსკი
 * Greek:
 * Kazakh: Днепропетровск
 * Kyrgyz: Днепропетровск
 * Macedonian: Днипро, Днепар
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: Dnepropetrovsk, Dnipropetrovsk
 * Russian: ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: Дњепропетровск
 * Roman: Dnjepropetrovsk
 * Turkish: Dnipro
 * Ukrainian: ,

Etymology
From.

Etymology
From

Etymology
From.

title: Dnipro


text:
zodiaka

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) of or relating to the zodiac

title: zodiaka


text: zodiakaj

title: zodiakaj


text: zodiakan

title: zodiakan


text: zodiakajn

title: zodiakajn


text: Wiktionary:Foreign Word of the Day/2014/March 21


text:
Citations:princessification

Noun: "the process of making or becoming girly or hyperfeminine"

 * 2011, The Mumsnet Rules, Bloomsbury (2011), ISBN 9781408808481, page 224:
 * Here is a tale from the 1970s, before the widespread princessification of girls' childhoods:
 * 2011, Emma Jane, "Princessification of girlhood gives this mum a pink fit", The Australian, 12 March 2011:
 * But while I'm not convinced that pinkification and princessification is the same as sexualisation and pornification, I do think the stereotyped rhetoric accompanying the pink-quake is A Real Worry.
 * 2012, Clare Heal, "Milne’s music strikes right note", Daily Express, 24 June 2012:
 * There are two reasons my feelings towards Disney are slightly frosty. First, I cannot stand the princessification (no, it’s not a word but it should be) of girls’ childhoods that has happened over the past couple of decades, something for which it is largely responsible.
 * 2012, Esther Cepeda, "Perils of the princesses", Indianapolis Star, 16 November 2012:
 * The bordering-on-sick fascination shows itself in nearly every aspect of life from the pink and royal purple princessification of Lego brick sets to the way we exalt or condemn people in the news.
 * 2013, "Glosswitch", "Don't be too quick to knock sugar-pink, prince-free, Disney-style princessification", New Statesman, 29 July 2013:
 * Indeed, if anything, the sugary pink “princessification” of girlhood feels more extreme than ever.

Noun: "the act of turning into a princess"

 * 1844, Catherine Grace Frances Gore, The Birthright, and Other Tales, Volume II, Henry Colburn (1844), page 297:
 * and a few more, of the Bloomsbury and Baker Street class, agitate themselves to hysterics in hunting up the crowned heads, incog, and getting up an intimacy with some Russian princess, who turns out, in the sequel, to be an opera-singer from Berlin or Dresden, of temporary princessification.

title: Citations:princessification


text:
Kanadujo

Proper noun

 * 1)  Canada

title: Kanadujo


text: Kanadujon

title: Kanadujon


text:
princessification

Noun

 * 1)  The process of making or becoming girly or hyperfeminine.
 * 2) * 2013, "Glosswitch", "Don't be too quick to knock sugar-pink, prince-free, Disney-style princessification", New Statesman, 29 July 2013:
 * Indeed, if anything, the sugary pink “princessification” of girlhood feels more extreme than ever.
 * 1) * 2013, "Glosswitch", "Don't be too quick to knock sugar-pink, prince-free, Disney-style princessification", New Statesman, 29 July 2013:
 * Indeed, if anything, the sugary pink “princessification” of girlhood feels more extreme than ever.

title: princessification


text: Svisujo

title: Svisujo


text: Svisujon

title: Svisujon


text:
mekanike

Adverb

 * 1) mechanically

title: mekanike


text:
美味

Adjective

 * 1)  delicious; delectable; tasty; scrumptious; yummy

Noun

 * 1) delicacy; delicious food; fine cuisine; scrumptious dishes

Adjective

 * 1) delicious, tasty, scrumptious; yummy

Noun

 * 1) delicious food, fine cuisine

title: 美味


text: měiwèi

title: měiwèi


text: meĥanike

title: meĥanike


text:
入睡

Verb

 * 1) to fall asleep

title: 入睡


text: arĥaika

title: arĥaika


text: arĥaikaj

title: arĥaikaj


text: rùshuì

title: rùshuì


text: arĥaikan

title: arĥaikan


text: arĥaikajn

title: arĥaikajn


text: shuìzháo

title: shuìzháo


text: sitronsyra

title: sitronsyra


text: shuìdezháo

title: shuìdezháo


text:
tëscht

Etymology
Contracted from tëschent (like from ). From northern, from with irregular -wi- → -ü- as in 🇨🇬. Also cognate with 🇨🇬 and eventually 🇨🇬. The onset t- in Luxembourgish (and surrounding varieties of West Central German) is a remarkable relict form without the consonant shift. The rarer variant zwëschen shows the regular development, but is probably influenced by standard German. The languages of the Rhenish Fan include several unshifted relict forms, most importantly, ,. Compare also Ripuarian,.

Preposition

 * 1) between

Usage notes

 * The preposition takes dative when specifying current position, but accusative when specifying movement from a to b.

title: tëscht


text: sitronsyren

title: sitronsyren


text: zwëscht

title: zwëscht


text: zwëschent

title: zwëschent


text:
det är

Phrase

 * 1) that is

title: det är


text:
護理

Verb

 * 1) to nurse; to care for
 * 2) to tend to and protect; to nurture

Noun

 * 1) nursing profession

title: 護理


text: 护理

title: 护理


text: hùlǐ

title: hùlǐ


text:
護理學

Noun

 * 1) nursing profession

title: 護理學


text: 护理学

title: 护理学


text: hùlǐxué

title: hùlǐxué


text:
Rhymes:Luxembourgish/ətʃ

One syllable

 * Brëtsch
 * Glëtsch
 * Lëtsch
 * Mëtsch
 * Rëtsch

title: Rhymes:Luxembourgish/ətʃ


text:
天體物理學

Noun

 * 1) astrophysics

title: 天體物理學


text: tiāntǐ wùlǐxué

title: tiāntǐ wùlǐxué


text:
ngadaba

Noun

 * 1) a fort

title: ngadaba


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/Finnish declension

I noticed only now that you have dropped nominative-accusative singular forms from your formula. In Finnish grammar accusative is a slightly complicated issue. When I went to school in the 1970's we were taught that there's no accusative in Finnish, but we use nominative and genitive instead, depending on the mode of the verb. Active forms except imperative use genitive and passive forms plus imperative use nominative. Current convention is that there's indeed an accusative but it looks in singular like nominative or genitive depending on verb mode. In plural it always looks like nominative. I think both nominative-accusative and genitive-accusative should be shown in the table as they are now shown e.g. in the Finnish section of wrap.

This is slightly outside the topic, but for some reason the linguists do not recognize partitive-accusative, although an object in a sentence describing incomplete action is in partitive:
 * Ostin auton
 * I bought a car.
 * Ostan auton
 * I will buy a car. (the action is regarded as complete, because the mind is set)
 * Osta auto!
 * Buy a car!

But:
 * Ostan autoa.
 * I'm in the process of buying a car


text: bryllupet

title: bryllupet


text: brylluper

title: brylluper


text: bryllupa

title: bryllupa


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/Finnish declension/reply

From a historical perspective there certainly is a separate accusative case. In Proto-Uralic, the accusative had the ending -m, while the genitive had the ending -n. In the later history of Finnish, final -m became -n, and you can still see this in many words like, which really end in -m- but this becomes -n when there is no ending. This change, of course, ended up making the accusative and genitive look the same. But they were still separate cases, and it's only a coincidence that they look alike in modern Finnish. And of course, some pronouns really do have a separate accusative ending in -t, and in the plural of all words the nominative and accusative look the same while the genitive is different.

So really, I'm not sure if the conventional approach makes sense. It's confusing form and function. The form of the accusative has the ending -n in the singular (or sometimes -t). But as a function of indicating an object, sometimes the form of the nominative is used, sometimes the accusative, sometimes also the partitive, and occasionally even other cases. The table that I created considers only the form: the ending -n is the accusative form, while the form with no ending is the nominative form. Which form is used when is a part of the grammar of Finnish, and doesn't really belong in a declension table I think.

A nice way to compare this is to look at some verbs in Icelandic. Icelandic has four cases: nominative, accusative, genitive and dative. The dative is used for the indirect object, some prepositions, as well as for certain verbs. Most verbs take an object in the accusative case, but some take an object in the dative case, and this is very much like the situation in Finnish where you sometimes use the accusative form and sometimes the nominative. I don't think anyone would ever consider, based on this, that the dative case is really also the accusative case in Icelandic; that the accusative really has two different forms. Instead, grammars state that sometimes you use the accusative to indicate an object, and sometimes the dative.

So I kind of see it the same way for Finnish. Instead of saying that the accusative sometimes has the same form of the nominative, I say that after certain verb forms, the object appears in the nominative form instead of the accusative form. This is the more historically accurate way to say it, but it still makes sense for modern Finnish.


text: costume jewelery

title: costume jewelery


text: bryllupene

title: bryllupene


text:
klěś

Etymology
From ; cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to swear, curse use offensive language

title: klěś


text: 抑扬顿挫

title: 抑扬顿挫


text:
抑揚頓挫

Idiom

 * 1) rising and falling in cadence; intonation; speaking in measured tones;  cadenced

title: 抑揚頓挫


text: nuze

title: nuze


text: 美利坚

title: 美利坚


text:
美利堅

Etymology
.

Proper noun

 * 1)  America; USA

title: 美利堅


text:
kjarmiś

Etymology
From ; cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  fatten cause to be fatter
 * 2)  get fat, become fatter

title: kjarmiś


text: Měilìjiān

title: Měilìjiān


text:
girðing

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) fence, enclosure

title: girðing


text:
cool head

Noun

 * 1)  A calm, focused demeanor and mindset; a person having such characteristics.

title: cool head


text: 合众国

title: 合众国


text: 红毛

title: 红毛


text:
合眾國

Etymology
, from +, probably coined by  before 1844. Soon rebracketed as +.

Noun

 * 1) federated nation; federation; united states

title: 合眾國


text: hézhòngguó

title: hézhòngguó


text: Měilìjiān hézhòngguó

title: Měilìjiān hézhòngguó


text:
Citations:pinkification

Noun: "the act or process of being made pink or being saturated with pink"

 * 1989, Atlantis, Volume 15, page 182:
 * Susan Cole is of the view that the "pinkification" of girls, the imposition of fashion which leaves women easy prey, and the reduction of women to "tits and ass" to make them more like a "woman," will have to be eliminated before women will find equality in the world.
 * 1998, Toby Miller & Alec McHoul, Popular Culture and Everyday Life, SAGE Publications (1998), ISBN 9780761952121, page 45:
 * The same thing happened in over half the States of the Union (others required that it be coloured pink to differentiate it from butter - though butter was also artificially coloured). When compulsory pinkification was declared unconstitutional, governments taxed the new invention at a higher rate when coloured yellow!
 * 2009, Jon Henley, "The power of pink", The Guardian, 12 December 2009:
 * "There's been," says Abi Moore, a 38-year-old freelance television producer, "a wholesale pinkification of girls.
 * 2010, Ali Hanbury, Amelia Lee, & Janet Batsleer, "Youth work with girls: a feminist perspective", in What Is Youth Work? (eds. Janet Batsleer & Bernard Davies), Learning Matters Ltd (2010), ISBN 9781844454662, page 123:
 * Currently, for example, the 'pinkstinks' campaign, which is objecting to the 'pinkification' of all toys and clothes for little girls, offers much food for thought for work with young women.
 * 2011, Brian Reich, Shift and Reset: Strategies for Addressing Serious Issues in a Connected Society, John Wiley & Sons (2011), ISBN 9780470942673, page 46:
 * The amount of money that ultimately goes to breast cancer research as a result of October's pinkification is itself up for debate.
 * 2011, Monique Roffey, With the Kisses of His Mouth, Simon & Schuster (2011), ISBN 9780857204295, unnumbered page:
 * I stared at the book. It was pink. I strongly object to the pinkification of all products aimed at women.
 * 2012, Susanna Forrest, If Wishes Were Horses: A Memoir of Equine Obsession, Atlantic Books (2012), ISBN 9780857891273, unnumbered page:
 * She traced the pinkification of girls' toys to mid-1980s marketing. It's nigh on impossible to get anything for girls that isn't pink nowadays, she said, and as I recalled gazing at the saddlery shops at Olympia I realized that soon it was going to be impossible to get anything for horses that wasn't pink.
 * 2012, Jo B. Paoletti, Pink and Blue: Telling the Boys from the Girls in America, Indiana University Press (2012), ISBN 9780253001177, unnumbered page:
 * For parents of girls, the most troubling aspects of their fashions in the last decade have been pinkification, princesses, and sexualization.
 * 2012, S. E. Smith, "Pinkification: how breast cancer awareness got commodified for profit", The Guardian, 3 October 2012:
 * Now, groups like Breast Cancer Action are having to fight cancer on two fronts: battling for patients, as well as fighting the rise of pinkification.
 * 2014, Melissa Atkins Wardy, Redefining Girly: How Parents Can Fight the Stereotyping and Sexualizing of Girlhood, from Birth to Tween, Chicago Review Press (2014), ISBN 9781613745526, page 6:
 * I was learning a whole new vocabulary that described the things I was seeing firsthand—concepts such as early sexualization and binary gender marketing, age compression and princess culture, “pinkification,” and body image obsession.

title: Citations:pinkification


text:
pinkification

Noun

 * 1) The act or process of being made pink or being saturated with pink.

title: pinkification


text: hóngmáo

title: hóngmáo


text: Category:Japanese terms read with irregular kanji readings


text:
swedenborgilaisuus

Noun

 * 1) Swedenborgianism

title: swedenborgilaisuus


text: invoerapparaten

title: invoerapparaten


text: invoerapparaatje

title: invoerapparaatje


text: invoerapparaatjes

title: invoerapparaatjes


text: bèixiāng

title: bèixiāng


text: áobāo

title: áobāo


text: dàoliǎo

title: dàoliǎo


text: winter melons

title: winter melons


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/Finnish declension/reply (2)

Please read what Finnish Wikipedia has to say about. There are two mainstream theories: either there is an accusative which has two forms in singular or there is no accusative at all for nouns. Wiktionary should be about current usage and it should be understandable without knowledge of Proto-Uralic.

PS. The Kotus seems to have accepted the point of view that there's no accusative for nouns.


text:
نص

Noun

 * 1) text, document

Verb

 * 1) to fix, to determine
 * 2) to arrange, to stipulate

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) half

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) half

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1) script
 * 2) text

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) half

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1) script
 * 2) text

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) half

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  half
 * 2) middle

title: نص


text: fikenen

title: fikenen


text: Category:en:Fictional universes

title: Category:en:Fictional universes


text: fikener

title: fikener


text: fikenene

title: fikenene


text: fikenar

title: fikenar


text: fikenane

title: fikenane


text: User:Wikihistorian

title: User:Wikihistorian


text:
Thread:User talk:CodeCat/Finnish declension/reply (3)

My Finnish is not good enough to read that, I'm afraid.

The statement that there is no accusative at all is not tenable. Not just historically, but also currently. The nominative, accusative and genitive are used in totally different ways, and they can never be mixed up. If you have a form and you're not sure if it's a genitive or accusative, there's a very easy test: just make it plural. It works in reverse too: if you're not sure if a form is nominative or accusative plural, just make it singular.

What is being described here is really something called syncretism: two forms that are formally different end up looking the same. Syncretism is not unusual and can be found in many languages. Even in other parts of Finnish it's visible: has syncretism between nominative, accusative and genitive singular. Does this mean that has no accusative and genitive at all? Of course not! It just means that they all look the same. Another example is Latin, where the dative and ablative plural forms are always identical. Again, that doesn't mean that Latin has only one of those cases, not two. It just means that two cases have forms that are always the same. And look at English. Its plural form is the same, but that doesn't mean it has no plural form!

In Finnish declension, there is syncretism between accusative and genitive singular, and between nominative and accusative plural. The fact that it applies differently in singular and plural is why you can't say there is no accusative case. What you can say is that the accusative form always looks like another case, but that's different. It's not the same as saying that the accusative doesn't exist.

And I'm not sure what understanding of Proto-Uralic has to do with the current situation. Can you explain what part of the new table, which does not include the nominative as an alternative accusative form, would be confusing for users? I actually think it's more confusing to leave it the way it was. It makes it look like you can always use both forms, which is clearly not the case. They can never be swapped around. You always have to use the accusative in one situation, and the nominative in another.


text: dào le

title: dào le


text:
plejmulto

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) majority

title: plejmulto


text: plejmultoj

title: plejmultoj


text: plejmulton

title: plejmulton


text: plejmultojn

title: plejmultojn


text:
破相

Verb

 * 1)  to be marred by a scar
 * 2)  to fall ill; to feel unwell
 * 3)  to not recover from injury

Verb

 * 1)  to be disabled; to have a deformity

Noun

 * 1)  disabled person

title: 破相


text: pòxiàng

title: pòxiàng


text:
paŝadi

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to step, stride, repeatedly or for an extended period of time

title: paŝadi


text: palacoj

title: palacoj


text: palacon

title: palacon


text: palacojn

title: palacojn


text:
okazintaĵo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) event, happening

Usage notes

 * Only used for something that has happened in the past. For something that will happen in the future, the term is sometimes used.

title: okazintaĵo


text: okazintaĵoj

title: okazintaĵoj


text: okazintaĵon

title: okazintaĵon


text:
氣餒

Verb

 * 1) to become discouraged; to be dejected; to be despondent

title: 氣餒


text: 气馁

title: 气馁


text:
okazontaĵo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) event, happening

Usage notes

 * Only used for something that will happen in the future. For something that has already happened, the term is used.

title: okazontaĵo


text: okazintaĵojn

title: okazintaĵojn


text: okazontaĵoj

title: okazontaĵoj


text:
Trekverse

Proper noun

 * 1)  The fictional universe which serves as the setting for the  television series and films, as well as related novels, comics, etc.

title: Trekverse


text: okazontaĵon

title: okazontaĵon


text: okazontaĵojn

title: okazontaĵojn


text:
nutraĵo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) nutriment, food, nourishment

title: nutraĵo


text: nutraĵoj

title: nutraĵoj


text: nutraĵon

title: nutraĵon


text: nutraĵojn

title: nutraĵojn


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rukkōną

Etymology
From Pre-Germanic, possibly from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to move, move back and forth, rock

Descendants
The original paradigm of *rukk- against *rug- allowed for different leveling among dialects.
 * (cf. also )
 * (cf. also )
 * (cf. also )

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rukkōną


text:
核能

Noun

 * 1)  nuclear energy

title: 核能


text:
miregi

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to be amazed, astonished

title: miregi


text: lokan

title: lokan


text: lokajn

title: lokajn


text:
安非他明

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) amphetamine

title: 安非他明


text: hénéng

title: hénéng


text:
安非他命

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) amphetamine

title: 安非他命


text: ānfēitāmìng

title: ānfēitāmìng


text: ānfēitāmíng

title: ānfēitāmíng


text:
malmulto

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a little, a small amount

title: malmulto


text: malmultoj

title: malmultoj


text: malmulton

title: malmulton


text: malmultojn

title: malmultojn


text:
laboradi

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to work, labor, toil

title: laboradi


text: 大师

title: 大师


text: dàshī

title: dàshī


text:
Trekiverse

Etymology
.

Proper noun

 * 1)  The fictional universe which serves as the setting for the  television series and films, as well as related novels, comics, etc.

title: Trekiverse


text: 北市

title: 北市


text: Běishì

title: Běishì


text: Horacion

title: Horacion


text:
Klaŭdio

Etymology
From, in 's translation of .

title: Klaŭdio


text: Klaŭdion

title: Klaŭdion


text:
走向

Noun

 * 1)  strike
 * 2) direction; orientation
 * 3) trend; development

Verb

 * 1)  to move towards; to head for; to be on the road to; to go

title: 走向


text: zǒuxiàng

title: zǒuxiàng


text: Polonion

title: Polonion


text:
Ofelio

Etymology
From, in 's translation of .

title: Ofelio


text: Ofelion

title: Ofelion


text: 阶层

title: 阶层


text:
Laerto

Etymology
From, in 's translation of .

title: Laerto


text: Laerton

title: Laerton


text:
Kornelio

Etymology
From, in 's translation of .

title: Kornelio


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rutāną

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to rot

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rutāną


text: Kornelion

title: Kornelion


text: jiēcéng

title: jiēcéng


text: 业界

title: 业界


text: yèjiè

title: yèjiè


text: 公会

title: 公会


text:
公會

Noun

 * 1) team
 * 1) team

Usage notes
Not to be confused with.

title: 公會


text:
traje espacial

Noun

 * 1)  space suit

Noun

 * 1) space suit

title: traje espacial


text:
fato espacial

Noun

 * 1)  space suit

title: fato espacial


text:
cooler heads will prevail

Proverb

 * 1) People who are calm and focused are the most likely to succeed or to have the greatest influence on events.

title: cooler heads will prevail


text: cooler heads must prevail

title: cooler heads must prevail


text: cooler heads prevail

title: cooler heads prevail


text: cool heads must prevail

title: cool heads must prevail


text:
cenglâr

Etymology
From an earlier *senglâr, from, from []. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) wild boar

title: cenglâr


text:
Olissipo

Etymology
..

title: Olissipo


text: cool heads prevail

title: cool heads prevail


text: 也就是说

title: 也就是说


text: cool heads will prevail

title: cool heads will prevail


text:
也就是說

Phrase

 * 1) in other words; that is to say; so; thus

title: 也就是說


text: yějiùshìshuō

title: yějiùshìshuō


text:
scrove

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) sow (female pig)

title: scrove


text: sūwéi'āi

title: sūwéi'āi


text:
nebloķēt

Verb

 * 1) to not block;

title: nebloķēt


text:
蘇維埃社會主義共和國聯盟

Proper noun

 * 1) Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (the Soviet Union, 1922-1991)

title: 蘇維埃社會主義共和國聯盟


text: 苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟

title: 苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟


text: Sūwéi'āi Shèhuìzhǔyì Gònghéguó Liánméng

title: Sūwéi'āi Shèhuìzhǔyì Gònghéguó Liánméng


text: nebloķēju

title: nebloķēju


text: nebloķē

title: nebloķē


text: ソビエト社会主義共和国連邦

title: ソビエト社会主義共和国連邦


text: ソビエトしゃかいしゅぎきょうわこくれんぽう

title: ソビエトしゃかいしゅぎきょうわこくれんぽう


text:
bloķējam

Participle

 * 1) blocking;

title: bloķējam


text:
nebloķējam

Participle

 * 1) not blocking;

title: nebloķējam


text: bloķējat

title: bloķējat


text: nebloķējat

title: nebloķējat


text: bloķējāt

title: bloķējāt


text: nebloķējāt

title: nebloķējāt


text: bloķējām

title: bloķējām


text: 常见

title: 常见


text:
常見

Adjective

 * 1) common; familiar

title: 常見


text: nebloķējām

title: nebloķējām


text: chángjiàn

title: chángjiàn


text: bloķēja

title: bloķēja


text: nebloķēja

title: nebloķēja


text: bloķēji

title: bloķēji


text: nebloķēji

title: nebloķēji


text: 古蹟

title: 古蹟


text: gǔjì

title: gǔjì


text: 里头

title: 里头


text:
裡頭

Noun

 * 1)  inside; interior

title: 裡頭


text: lǐtou

title: lǐtou


text: 主机

title: 主机


text:
主機

Noun

 * 1)  main engine
 * 2)  main processor
 * 3)  mainframe
 * 4)  network host
 * 5)  computer case
 * 6)  video game console
 * 7)  lead plane; leader
 * 1)  lead plane; leader

Synonyms

title: 主機


text: zhǔjī

title: zhǔjī


text:
畫廊

Noun

 * 1) art gallery
 * 2) painted, decorated or adorned corridor

title: 畫廊


text: huàláng

title: huàláng


text:
doracak

Pronunciation

 * indefinite:
 * definite: or

Noun

 * 1) manual, guide

title: doracak


text:
蘇維埃聯盟

Proper noun

 * 1) Soviet Union USSR

title: 蘇維埃聯盟


text: 苏维埃联盟

title: 苏维埃联盟


text: Sūwéi'āi Liánméng

title: Sūwéi'āi Liánméng


text:
殘疾人奧林匹克運動會

Proper noun

 * 1) Paralympic Games

title: 殘疾人奧林匹克運動會


text: 残疾人奥林匹克运动会

title: 残疾人奥林匹克运动会


text:
plagesë

Etymology
Feminine gerund of. See for more.

Noun

 * 1) wounding

title: plagesë


text:
పెద్దకాల్వ

Etymology
From.

title: పెద్దకాల్వ


text: కాల్వ

title: కాల్వ


text:
前不久

Adverb

 * 1) not long ago; not long before; recently; lately

title: 前不久


text: qiánbùjiǔ

title: qiánbùjiǔ


text:
పూతలపట్టు

Etymology
From.

title: పూతలపట్టు


text:
硒鼓

Noun

 * 1) toner cartridge

title: 硒鼓


text:
swahilinkielinen

Adjective

 * 1) Swahili-speaking
 * 2) Swahili, Swahili language expressed in the Swahili language
 * 1) Swahili, Swahili language expressed in the Swahili language

title: swahilinkielinen


text:
墨盒

Noun

 * 1) ink box
 * 2) ink cartridge

title: 墨盒


text: xīgǔ

title: xīgǔ


text: mòhé

title: mòhé


text:
槍彈

Noun

 * 1) bullet; cartridge

title: 槍彈


text: 枪弹

title: 枪弹


text: qiāngdàn

title: qiāngdàn


text: zǐdàn

title: zǐdàn


text: zǐdàn lièchē

title: zǐdàn lièchē


text: lièchē

title: lièchē


text:
తేనెపల్లె

Etymology
From.

title: తేనెపల్లె


text:
uzbekinkielinen

Adjective

 * 1) Uzbek-speaking
 * 2) Uzbek-language expressed in the Uzbek language
 * 1) Uzbek-language expressed in the Uzbek language

title: uzbekinkielinen


text: mǎidān

title: mǎidān


text: 埋单

title: 埋单


text:
埋單

Verb

 * 1)  to pay for the restaurant bill; to pick up the bill; to pay the check
 * 2)  to accept responsibility
 * 3)  to accept someone else's apology, explanations, ideas or attitude
 * 1)  to accept someone else's apology, explanations, ideas or attitude

title: 埋單


text: máidān

title: máidān


text:
azerintaa

Verb

 * 1) to translate into Azeri

title: azerintaa


text:
uzbekintaa

Verb

 * 1) to translate into Uzbek

title: uzbekintaa


text: shēncái

title: shēncái


text: wùzhì tiáojiàn

title: wùzhì tiáojiàn


text: zhì'ái wùzhì

title: zhì'ái wùzhì


text: wútiáojiàn

title: wútiáojiàn


text: wùtǐ

title: wùtǐ


text: Cánjírén Àolínpǐkè yùndònghuì

title: Cánjírén Àolínpǐkè yùndònghuì


text:
Wiktionary:Votes/pl-2014-04/Unified Chinese

Unified Chinese

 * Voting on: Treating the various Chinese varieties (Mandarin, Cantonese, Wu, Min Nan, Min Dong, etc.) under a single header, "==Chinese==". Re-introducing the language code "zh". (See for an example of how Unified Chinese entries may look.) Changing the way translations are formatted to:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Cantonese: 北京
 * Min Nan:
 * Rationale:
 * 1) There has been an overrepresentation of Mandarin at Wiktionary (20467 Mandarin nouns, 317 Cantonese nouns, 10 Wu nouns), but 99% of the Mandarin content here is actually cross-topolectal, not restricted to Mandarin. The reason for the marginalisation of other varieties is that it is practically troublesome and unnecessary to have to duplicate everything (templates, simp-trad tables, etymologies, definitions) except the pronunciation for all 17 ISO-coded Chinese topolects. The proposed format will produce a more succinct format and allow editors to add more regional Chinese content (i.e. coverage of Chinese topolects) by providing pronunciation to a written word shared across Chinese topolects, which accounts for about 99% of the Chinese-language corpus.
 * 2) The remaining 1% of words, which are never used in Standard Chinese (Mandarin), can still be handled by common templates and modules (the pronunciation and other information will only be given for that word in a given dialect). See  for a Cantonese-only example entry (an example of a word which is not used in formal writing even in Cantonese speaking areas).
 * 3) Difference in senses/usage will be achieved by using context tags, usage notes, etc. E.g. the word, which has different senses in different topolects:
 * 1) announcement, public announcement
 * 2) expression of one's thoughts; especially, declaration of love, confession of one's feelings towards someone
 * 3)  advertisement, ad
 * 1) This vote only concerns words written in Han/Chinese characters (Hanzi). Words written in non-Han scripts devised specifically for particular topolects may keep their topolect headings. This applies to Cyrillic Dungan, Xiao'erjing Mandarin (in Arabic script) and POJ romanisation of Min Nan. The formats of templates in the examples above are not the subject of the vote; they can be discussed separately if needed.. The voters only vote on the proposed action, not on the rationale.
 * Background: The topolects were separated mainly because differences in their pronunciation of the same words/characters are very large. This change will allow us to add multiple pronunciations in the same entry.

 * Vote starts: 00:01, 30 March 2014 (UTC)
 * Vote ends: 23:59, 28 April 2014 (UTC)

 * Vote created: --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 05:04, 21 March 2014 (UTC)

 * Discussion:

 * [[Image:Wikt rei-artur3.svg|20px]] Beer parlour/2014/March
 * [[Image:Wikt rei-artur3.svg|20px]] Wiktionary talk:Votes/pl-2014-04/Unified Chinese
 * [[Image:Wikt rei-artur3.svg|20px]] Wiktionary talk:About Sinitic languages
 * [[Image:Wikt rei-artur3.svg|20px]] Beer parlour/2009/May
 * [[Image:Wikt rei-artur3.svg|20px]] Beer parlour/2011/January

Support
—Stephen (Talk) 13:02, 28 April 2014 (UTC)
 * 1)  --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 10:49, 30 March 2014 (UTC)
 * 2)  Wyang (talk) 22:49, 30 March 2014 (UTC)
 * 3)  --kc_kennylau (talk) 09:00, 31 March 2014 (UTC)
 * 4)  Jamesjiao → T ◊ C 20:14, 31 March 2014 (UTC) Although I do not support the idea of continuing the practise of specifying the HSK level of a compound. We could probably deal with this in a later vote.
 * HSK is just a category. I prefer to keep them in categories too (they need a clean-up). --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 22:59, 31 March 2014 (UTC)
 * 1) [[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|20px]] Support DTLHS (talk) 23:00, 31 March 2014 (UTC)
 * 2)  —Mr. Granger (talk • contribs) 23:38, 1 April 2014 (UTC)
 * 3)  A step long overdue. -- Liliana • 22:36, 3 April 2014 (UTC)
 * 4)  -- but only weakly, because I personally don't have a lot to do with Chinese entries outside of pointing to them in etymologies, and thus I feel that my vote should have less weight.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │ Tala við mig 23:40, 4 April 2014 (UTC)
 * 5)  -- I'm not seeing any problems with the proposed implementation. Bumm13 (talk) 19:09, 16 April 2014 (UTC)
 * 6)  -- I support this proposal in theory (after all, "Mandarin" dictionaries don't really exist in the Chinese world), but I hope the technical side of this can be worked on, as though I am a prolific Mandarin editor, I would be unable to help with that as I have no relevant knowledge or skills. ---> Tooironic (talk) 22:45, 23 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Thank you for the support. Prolific Mandarin editors will need to help to use the new way of using various Chinese topolects under one L2 header "Chinese". It's a big change. --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 00:01, 24 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Do you mean that you would never expect to see a Cantonese-Mandarin dictionary like this one? DAVilla 05:39, 27 April 2014 (UTC)

Oppose

 * 1)  - strongly harms reusability of data; is probably not how readers use en.WT in practice. - Amgine/t·e 02:03, 31 March 2014 (UTC)
 * Could you please elaborate and give one or two examples where it harms reusability of data? In my opinion is quite contrary. Note that current Cantonese, Wu and other topolect speaking editors favour the change (as in the latest discussion topic linked above). On your second point, changing the existing practice is usually what the vote is for. --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 02:14, 31 March 2014 (UTC)
 * The following sinitic wikipedias exist:
 * zh
 * zh-yue
 * zh-min-nan
 * gan
 * wuu
 * zh-classical
 * hak
 * cdo
 * A current effort to create localized captchas for these languages faces challenges due to script issues. However, were these languages collapsed under a single heading the multi-script result would likely make the data too expensive to work with. We are facing this exact issue with en.Wiktionary's decision to collapse all SerboCroatian languages under the family L2. Bluntly, decisions like these, made for the convenience of editors but not for technical requirements, make the data less desirable or useful because of the increased costs and manipulation required.
 * Changing the current practice of editors should not change the practice of readers . What we understand of en.Wiktionary readers is most are not native English speakers; many are looking for a specific word in a specific non-english language for the purpose of translation or learning. Our readers are not linguists, or logophiles: they are students. It is likely they do not care for or know how to interpret the highly-technical information we currently present. If I understand this proposal, the complexity will likely stay the same, or slightly increase. However, the ability to find a word in a known language will be more difficult, even impossible in some cases if the implementation is similar to SerboCroatian. - Amgine/t·e 04:51, 31 March 2014 (UTC)
 * and any others -- Amgine states, “What we understand of en.Wiktionary readers is most are not native English speakers...” Where is such usage information available?  I ask not to dispute anything here, but out of a broader curiosity regarding our audience.  Solid usage data would be invaluable in making many different decisions about what we do here.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │ Tala við mig 05:36, 27 April 2014 (UTC)
 * I think you have misunderstood the proposal. The 'Mandarin' is already multi-script (simplified and traditional) pre-merger as it currently stands. Merging them applies to Chinese character-scripted words only, as stated in the rationale. There will not be any increase in script complexity or diversity, and consequently the proposal does not incur a greater difficulty in data processing. Similarly, the proposal does not result in a greater difficulty in data retrieval, as all information (forms, pronunciation, definitions, etc.) is stored in the respective section, more visually accessible (succinct) and complete than if information is fragmented as is now. Wyang (talk) 04:57, 31 March 2014 (UTC)
 * . Thanks for clarifying your position. I disagree with you completely, though. It seems to me that the complexity you describe is of type: "I can't find a Cantonese or Croatian word in this dictionary, since I refuse to accept to look for them under "Chinese" or "Serbo-Croatian" header, I refuse to accept these names", to put it sarcastically :). Your perspective is rather political, IMHO, not really related to real user requirements. I assure you that Cantonese, Wu and Min Nan users will be happy to find entries like, it has everything needed for a good entry. Since you mention Serbo-Croatian unification, all opposition to the unified approach was mainly nationalistic, not linguistic, there is no point in duplicating all info in Serbo-Croatian entries from 3 to 8 times. I agree that the complexity of our entries are not for everyone. We may not help to address your concern if my suspicions are correct. --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 05:00, 31 March 2014 (UTC)
 * I'm quite sure that a Min Nan reader would be happier to find le̍k-sú than the equivalent in Chinese characters. That's the script in which the largest work in Min Nan is written, namely the Min Nan Wikipedia. I'm also a bit concerned that, in the example, you're treating romanizations as pronunciation. Have you conflated in your mind the idea of transliteration and oral production? Not everything works like pinyin: sometimes other scripts are actually used in writing. DAVilla 19:23, 26 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Just to settle your concerns, as far as I am aware (and I am an amateur genealogist) I have no ethnic connections to anyone in the regions where Serbo-Croation languages are natively spoken, nor fiscal, academic, or political connections either. C'mon, I'm a Merican; I probably can't find any such state on a map. However, I *do* have a programming problem creating separate dictionaries for sr, hr, sh, and bs captchas from en.WT dumps. If you have a simple solution to such a problem, I would very much appreciate knowing what it is. (Incidentally, a simple transclusion of a subpage would obviate any maintenance issues. I'd make a snarky, sarcastic, and probably wildly ignorant comment here to illustrate my point but I prefer to remain civil even when my peers are engaging in verbal attacks.) - Amgine/t·e 06:27, 31 March 2014 (UTC)
 * Sorry, if I sounded as if I were attacking you, no, I thought your reasons for objections were different. In any case, where did I attack you. Perhaps you could consider gains for topolect learners/ achieved by the proposed change. I can't help you with your immediate query but many problems can be solved, when asked nicely:). We have quite a bunch of technically skilled people and achieving what you're trying to achieve may be possible. I'll wait for others to address the technical side. --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 06:47, 31 March 2014 (UTC)
 * But, you see, it is now a problem to be fixed which was not a problem previously. Now we need to add back the language identification which was removed. It may be more convenient for the editors, but there are (and were) technical solutions which would have the same effect for the editors while not creating the problem for the future. - Amgine/t·e 07:08, 31 March 2014 (UTC)
 * Have you actually seen the count of current non-Mandarin entries at Wiktionary? The number is nowhere near a dictionary level. No serious analysis or study of a Chinese topolect can be done with the current level of non-Mandarin presence. My point is, you claim you're losing a lot of valuable information. You may want to save the bits and pieces we currently have but it's not much right now but there will be more.
 * Like with Serbo-Croatian, any written Chinese term is also applicable to any Chinese topolect written in Chinese characters in one form or another (script and dialect differences are taken care of with Serbo-Croatian, which was unified YEARS AGO), even if some terms may be considered literary, formal, rare or regional, in short, a list of Chinese words is a list of e.g. Wu words as well. That's why I thought you were going to talk about the small number of topolect-specific terms or differences in senses. A future technical solution I referred to is for something yet to be created, such as Cantonese, Min Nan, Wu pronunciations and labels (regional, formal or specific to a topolect, which is rare) - listing dialects that have some contents, and creating structure for any other. --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 07:43, 31 March 2014 (UTC)
 * As previously, we will have to agree to disagree. You wish to remove data from the set, which will create problems with the data reuse in the future. I have just demonstrated that the previous action has an ongoing negative impact. Yes, that data may be rebuildable from the existing templated metadata, but you have no idea how and you just wave your hands and hope someone, somehow, can do so. I have looked at the templates and I do not agree; I believe only those words which existed previous to unification could, by searching back through revisions (and therefore possibly including errors which were later corrected), be properly assigned. Until you can show me that this maneuver is technically required, I will assume it is not, and merely a personal preference which harms the existing data completeness. - Amgine/t·e 13:23, 31 March 2014 (UTC)
 * 1) [[Image:Symbol oppose vote.svg|20px]] Strong oppose. Many of these languages are more closely related to Middle Chinese than they are to each other. The treatment of "Chinese" as a single language is a political maneuver by a heavyweight government, one that claims more territory than it even has administrative control over. Using a single header will be a clear indication to non-Mandarin Chinese editors that they are not welcome here. The only good thing I can say about this proposal is that it would be consistent with the grouping under translations, but on the other hand Chinese is the only language family where we use these groupings. It would be more consistent still to ungroup the translations so that they correspond to our current language headings. DAVilla 19:05, 26 April 2014 (UTC)
 * 2)  I am changing to oppose. I found this: "Statistics is a guess by educated Chinese speakers, talking about WRITTEN Chinese in Chinese characters only", written by Anatoli, now on the talk page of the vote. After this redefinition of what statistics means, this looks very suspect. There is no sourcing provided for any claims made by the supporters of the vote. --Dan Polansky (talk) 19:19, 26 April 2014 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry for the confusion I caused. There is a list of Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set -HKSCS, which is comparably small. Among the characters there are many colloquial particles and characters used to write names. Any discussion, article or post is actually struggling to highlight the difference between dialects, using the same known words. --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 06:06, 27 April 2014 (UTC)
 * The differences can't be large simply because written Chinese is understood by all dialects speakers, not only because they know Mandarin as well but because each character has local pronunciation, so they just read words in their way. could you help provide statistics on reused written vocabulary among Chinese topolects. It may not change the votes but it's useful to have, anyway. --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 09:36, 27 April 2014 (UTC)
 * 1)  For simplicity and consistency with fundamental principles of the project: language headers for all languages should be accepted. I have nothing against using the zh code, in addition, for practical reasons, but sections with other codes should not be deleted, and people should be allowed to create new ones. The same applies to Arabic. If Mandarin, etc. sections are deleted, it's more than probable that they will be recreated in the future, when coming back to a sounder policy. Lmaltier (talk) 09:00, 27 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Mandarin, Cantonese, etc. apply, first of all, to pronunciations or readings of the characters. --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 09:36, 27 April 2014 (UTC)
 * This is also the case for French and English for many, many words, such as most -tion words (e.g. interjection). And some written words are shared by many languages (e.g. Nepal). The only difference here is that this is more systematic for Chinese languages. Other possibly different data: homophones (?), paronyms (?), examples (when a regional word does not exist in all Chinese languages, examples including this word don't apply to all languages), quotations (if a writer is known to use a given language, his quotations should be considered as applying to this language only), etymology (of the pronunciation...), usage notes, definitions and translations (when there are slight differences in senses depending on the language)... In other words, all sections (or almost all sections) may be different in some cases. Please, let's keep sound, simple, neutral, principles. Again, I'm not against using zh, I'm against forbidding other Chinese language codes. This might be less of an issue for Wikipedia, but we are a linguistic site, don't forget it. Lmaltier (talk) 14:51, 27 April 2014 (UTC)
 * The fact that there are bad precedents does not make this decision better. And anyway, you cannot compare Serbo-Croatian, which may be considered as a single language by some people, with Chinese languages: nobody considers them as a single language. And nobody answered about concerns I mention, e.g. what about the etymology of the spoken word? Lmaltier (talk) 05:40, 29 April 2014 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure I understand what your concerns are. Several of the points you raised are clearly unsubstantiated, for example "with Chinese languages: nobody considers them as a single language". Although I do not share that view, the lede in could easily disprove your argument. You used this claim to argue that the Serbo-Croatian precedent is not citable here. Wyang (talk) 05:54, 29 April 2014 (UTC)
 * I was meaning "no linguist". The page you mention compares them to the variety of Romance languages. Lmaltier (talk) 21:21, 29 April 2014 (UTC)

Abstain

 * 1)  What does an abstain vote do? I wish there are YouTube videos that teach the Min Bei, Min Zhong, and Gan dialects of Chinese. --Lo Ximiendo (talk) 03:45, 17 April 2014 (UTC)
 * An abstain vote does nothing. It's the same as not voting, but shows that you read and considered the vote. --WikiTiki89 22:52, 23 April 2014 (UTC)
 * The current vote doesn't mean to destroy or ban any Chinese dialect. Quite on the contrary, it would be easier to add any Chinese topolect entry, which also uses Chinese characters - it doesn't matter if a term is only used in a dialect, not Mandarin. Please re-read the above and let us know if you have any questions/concerns. --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 23:29, 23 April 2014 (UTC)
 * It's not exactly the same as not voting, in that it contributes to quorum. (We don't have a specific definition of quorum, but I think a vote with one supporter and ten abstainers saying "I'm O.K. with this, whatever, who cares" is more likely to be closed as a pass than a vote with one supporter and the sound of crickets.) —Ruakh TALK 02:21, 27 April 2014 (UTC)
 * But that's not because of the abstains, but because of the comments. --WikiTiki89 03:07, 27 April 2014 (UTC)
 * --Dan Polansky (talk) 16:59, 25 April 2014 (UTC) I worry a bit about this, especially in light of Chinese_language. However, I do not have the time and enthusiasm to look into the issue. Google translate has "Chinese" and Bing Translator has Traditional Chinese and Simplified Chinese, so let us hope this is workable, reasonably accurate and fair, and the supporters of this vote know what they are speaking of. Here is the note 5 of Wikipedia:
 * Several authors note that Chinese varieties are as diverse as a family of languages:
 * David Crystal, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), p. 312. "The mutual unintelligibility of the varieties is the main ground for referring to them as separate languages."
 * Charles N. Li, Sandra A. Thompson. Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar (1989), p. 2. "The Chinese language family is genetically classified as an independent branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family."
 * Norman, 1988, p. 1. "[...] the modern Chinese dialects are really more like a family of languages [...]"
 * DeFrancis, 1984, p. 56. "To call Chinese a single language composed of dialects with varying degrees of difference is to mislead by minimizing disparities that according to Chao are as great as those between English and Dutch. To call Chinese a family of languages is to suggest extralinguistic differences that in fact do not exist and to overlook the unique linguistic situation that exists in China."}}
 * --Dan Polansky (talk) 16:59, 25 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Your concerns are well founded. DAVilla 18:58, 26 April 2014 (UTC)
 * 1) . Mandarin is a fruit to me. This should be decided by knowledgeable editors. --Vahag (talk) 11:51, 27 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Your concerns are well founded. DAVilla 18:58, 26 April 2014 (UTC)
 * 1) . Mandarin is a fruit to me. This should be decided by knowledgeable editors. --Vahag (talk) 11:51, 27 April 2014 (UTC)

Point of order

 * It's not clear to me that this vote specifies which languages are to be reduced, of the many languages the Chinese government claim to fall under the umbrella of "Chinese". If one day the People's Republic decides to include Tibetan in that list, assuming it doesn't already, would this vote mean we'd have to follow suit? If the entry at the suggested term 歷史 is to be taken as an example, would Korean and Vietnamese be affected as well? DAVilla 19:39, 26 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Mate, that is seriously an absurd argument. You've been brainwashed by western media's demonising portrayal of the Chinese authority for too long. Wyang (talk) 22:20, 26 April 2014 (UTC)
 * To be honest, I don't think the Chinese government needs any help demonising itself. It does fine on its own by letting its actions speak for it. In any case, Chinese is definitely a language family rather than a language, but that only applies to the spoken form. In writing it's not so clear because of the nature of the script. I feel somewhat ambivalent about whether to merge the languages. On one side I understand that it's more practical, but on the other I have no idea what trouble we might run into in the future that would marginalise non-Mandarin varieties. I think this is DAVilla's concern as well; the last thing we want to do is continue to promote the idea that only Mandarin is True ChineseTM. 22:42, 26 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Well obviously we want to keep Dungan separate, as that one's written in Cyrillic and not in Chinese characters. -- Liliana • 23:19, 26 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Wyang, I apologize for politicizing the argument myself. It's counter-productive to throw around allegations in a debate. I said that it's not clear which languages are to be reduced, and I should have left it at that, or asked if there's a already a known list of languages grouped under Chinese in translations, and if we could take this vote to mean that it applies to that group. My point of order still stands as such. DAVilla 04:36, 27 April 2014 (UTC)

 * . Do you really think that shared written language between varieties of Chinese is the result of the actions of the Chinese government?
 * The language situation in China and with Chinese topolects (even if one calls them languages) is unique. Nobody denies substantial pronunciation differences. Any other differences are exaggerated. The lists of terms, which are different across Chinese varieties are really small or there are some predictable changes.
 * You should ask yourselves why there are no Mandarin-Cantonese or Mandarin-Wu, etc. dictionaries - only pronunciation guides and guides on some common phrases and points, which differ varieties of Chinese.
 * The opponents should read the discussion linked above, where users of affected topolects took part.
 * The official language of Hong Kong is "Chinese", even if it's pronounced the Cantonese way. Why? Because they write the same way. The same can be said about any Chinese topolect, which uses Han characters. It's not just the formal Chinese writing but any Chinese literature, song lyrics, TV speech transcripts, etc.
 * In order to vote, no knowledge of Chinese is required but I'm afraid you have to use concrete examples where it seems to be a problem using common "L2" header. Otherwise, it all really seems as brainwashing. An example of a non-Mandarin entry is given above.
 * please re-read your own last quote (DeFrancis).
 * please provide an example of a future problem, which we haven't addressed yet. --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 05:33, 27 April 2014 (UTC)
 * I think it would be interesting to show some examples of both the huge commonalities between major Chinese topolects (an article in a Hong Kong or Taiwanese newspaper) and examples of differences. I've just found a recent Cantonese example phrase 租金係,等我諗諗先,噢係嘞,總共萬一文., which is in Cantonese vernacular, i.e. written NOT in a way used by Mandarin speakers. It's pure Cantonese. (Note, however, like with Serbo-Croatian case, we are dealing with separate vocabulary words here, not long sentences). --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 05:48, 27 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Ultimately there is no technical barrier in placing all Chinese words under the same level 2 header. We could do this with other languages as well. For instance, hola means hello and amor means love in both Spanish and Catalan. Wouldn't it be logical enough to specially mark any words that only exist in one language or the other? I mean, we could go as far as to have a single Earthican language. On the flip side, we could split languages like English, too, if it was really in our interest. So no, I don't "have to use concrete examples of where it seems to be a problem", and you don't get to frame the question that way, because given the logistical possibility of what we can agree is much more absurd, it's not a question of technical feasibility. It's a question of what's in the best interest. You list simplification as a pro, I list oversimplification as a con.
 * Now, you've got to be kidding yourself if you don't think government has any influence on language, whether it be in China or elsewhere. You must remember, that's why many member states gave up Russian as soon as the USSR fell apart. With Beijing as the seat of power, it's no accident that not just Mandarin but specifically the Beijing dialect became the standard. We can at least agree that the Communist Party simplified the writing system, correct? Speaking of which, since Hong Kong still uses traditional characters, it's a great generalization to say that "they write the same way" as in Beijing. Hey, that was your example, not mine.
 * Standards bodies exist for many languages, for instance the French Académie, whose dictionary is regarded as official in France. Yes, there are many similarities in the Chinese family, and part of the reason is that the languages are highly standardized, at least when it comes to simple, common terms. What you won't find as often in dictionaries are the idioms and slang. Film and television is monitored for content in Hong Kong and the mainland alike. That doesn't happen in France, where the official standard doesn't have the weight of law. English Wiktionary made a decision a long time ago to be descriptive rather than prescriptive, so the censors can cry all they want about words like LP or its more vulgar form, and the editors can cry all they want about words like OK not being transcribed 好, that is, in a way they weren't said at all.
 * I'm amazed at how many Asians seem to think I've been brainwashed by Western media when there's so much of that I don't trust either. Possibly you've confused me for the average American, or possibly you're just repeating what's been said of you. Regardless, you have me wrong. And while it's all well and good to discuss whether or not this step should be taken, no one has yet to address my point, which is to ask what exactly is being done. Is there a list of affected languages/dialects or not? DAVilla 07:51, 27 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Perhaps you have an idea that the aim of this vote is to suppress any Chinese variety? It is quite the opposite. If you follow the BP discussion, then you will see that no-one intends to do so. I assure you, all Sinitic languages/dialects will benefit from the change. Cantonese, Wu and other entries will be encouraged. It will be much easier to add vernacular dialectal forms, whether they have a standardised form or not. The USSR analogy doesn't count here, as ex-USSR republics are non-Russian, accept for Russia proper. On the other hand, Han people never deny their origin, even if they highlight their topolect.
 * No, no language list has been done. Cantonese (Yue), Wu, Min (excluding romanised Min Nan) were used in examples, they are definitely affected. Only Sinitic languages are affected, which also use Han characters. (It's ridiculous to mention Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese, which, apart from different writing systems, have different grammar). Missing from the list are Jin, Xiang, Kejia (Hakka), Gan, Hui (Huizhou) and some other major topolects and their dialect on mainland China (only those, which use Han characters). --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 08:13, 27 April 2014 (UTC)
 * One reason only a few varieties were mentioned is that some of them lack writing systems or standard transliteration. E.g if you want to add Xiang or Gan, etc. contents, you can only use IPA on existing Chinese entries, which is easily done and the current vote provide for that. No-one ever stopped dialectal contents but lack of templates, modules and enthusiasm made it difficult. I can show how any dialectal word of your term can be added but is just one such example - a Cantonese-only term. (Cantonese HAS standard transliteration, so it's not just IPA). --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 08:23, 27 April 2014 (UTC)
 * It would affect languages listed in the table of About Sinitic languages. Wyang (talk) 08:43, 27 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Just to make sure no further speculations are made, minority languages of China (inc. Tibetan, Uyghur, Mongolian, Zhuang) are not affected, including those that may use Chinese characters. --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 09:36, 27 April 2014 (UTC)

 * Re: "they write the same way". Yes, it's my example and I stand by what I said. Traditional/simplified are two sets used by all Chinese communities everywhere and Wiktionary provides both sets equally. I was talking about the actual words used, though. A newspaper in Hong Kong is basically written the same way as it is in Taiwan, if you wish to be specific about the set. There is a vernacular form of Cantonese, of course. It makes it more different from Mandarin (including the vocabulary used). The words that are written differently are very small in number, though, even if they are the most common words, like copulas, negation particles, pronouns and and sentence final particles.
 * Let's look at the vernacular Cantonese phrase I gave above: . (zou1 gam1 hai6, dang2 ngo5 nam2 nam2 sin1, o1 hai6 laak3, zung2 gung6 maan6 jat1 man1) "The rent is, just let me get it right, oh yes, 11,000 dollars altogether.". It's written in traditional Chinese here. It is understandable to a Mandarin speaker. Copula 係 is different, the use of 諗 is slightly different from Mandarin (see BP discussion about handling of senses), sentence-final particle 嘞 is not used as often but it is, AFAICT, 文 for "dollar" must be highly colloquial and regional. I see no obstacles for Wiktionary, though. The majority of words are still the same, one has to search for such extreme examples. --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 12:24, 27 April 2014 (UTC)

Decision

 * This vote has finished: 11-4-2 (support:73.3%). Could an admin or bureaucrat please check the results and close this vote? Thanks. Wyang (talk) 02:01, 29 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Yes, it passes - 11-4-2.
 * Congratulations! No need to be a bureaucrat to close the vote, I think. Closing. (Now, we'll have to make sure the concerns of people who voted against and think non-Mandarin Chinese will be suppressed are unjustified).

 * Opposer 1 based his arguments on the reusability of the data, and I have had discussions with him about this issue on my talkpage. My opinion is that the amalgamation does not result in a higher level of difficulty in data retrieval and analyses, at least for his Captcha work, and Wiktionary categories of multi-scripted languages are not the best way to generate Captcha, which he seemed to agree ("Yesterday a new dump of wiktionary was produced, and I'm working on automating a process to update the word lists generated from it. However, I will be recommending that we not use en.Wiktionary data in the future, and instead derive word lists from the wikipedia dumps.").
 * Opposer 2 was concerned that this vote might be politically motivated, and that the result will decrease the level of participation by non-Mandarin editors. The former is unsubstantiated and is contradicted by the proposal. We have also argued in the proposal that this vote will have an effect opposite of that envisaged by Opposer 2.
 * Opposer 3 was concerned about the dubiousness of the statistics cited in the proposal. I agree that the statistics is uncited, but it is easily supported by any dictionary in a non-Mandarin variety published in the missionary era (such as this one here), which covers a more comprehensive part of the vocabulary. Modern Cantonese or Hokkien dictionaries are heavily biased towards the variety-specific terms.
 * Opposer 4's arguments were based on his objection to the disallowance of variety codes. I do not agree that merger and disallowing some codes are bad in terms of consistency. There are precedents, for example the Serbo-Croatian case.

I'd like to make a start on the merger work once this vote is settled. Wyang (talk) 03:26, 29 April 2014 (UTC)

Could an admin please add 'zh' to Module:languages/data2 now that the vote is closed? Thanks. m["zh"] = { names = {"Chinese"}, type = "regular", scripts = {"Hani"}, family = "sit"} Wyang (talk) 11:46, 29 April 2014 (UTC)

 * Done --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 11:54, 29 April 2014 (UTC)

As "opposer 2" I want to make it clear that I never meant to imply any of you supported this change under political motivation. China and really any of the superpowers do push their positions through education and other means, not just military. That doesn't mean, however, that the Chinese citizenry is knowingly involved in a mass conspiracy. I would label this more as politically inept than politically motivated. Certainly our usage statistics must be tracked by country, and I look forward to being proven wrong. DAVilla 03:14, 3 June 2014 (UTC)
 * You may be right (in a way) but the reality is there is very little written Chinese, which is NOT Mandarin. As much as we would like to support dialects, if there is no written material or even transliteration, audio recordings are missing in that dialect, we won't create here. Whose fault is that American Indian languages are not developed well? Even if we know the answer, what's next? There are researches into pronunciation of various Chinese topolects and dialects and subdialects but they mainly concern with SPOKEN, not written language.
 * On the bright side, we now have ability to support languages/topolects/dialects, previously neglected, lacking templates. The merger already helped increase Cantonese contents from about 200 badly formatted entries to over a thousand - with IPA, usage examples, etc. Wu has grown from nothing to a few hundred entries. Didn't you notice? Four major topolects experience growth, which also generated interest in new editors - Cantonese, Min Nan, Wu and Hakka, all of them have some written form and are documented well. Your position IS politicised, even if you don't admit it! Now, how can you help support Chinese dialects and enhance contents? Please do, we don't suppress anything. All languages and dialects are welcome. --Anatoli (обсудить/вклад) 03:28, 3 June 2014 (UTC)

 * Is this the consequence of a mass conspiracy too? Wyang (talk) 03:38, 3 June 2014 (UTC)

 * Language treatment needs to be updated. — Ungoliant (falai) 10:32, 20 June 2014 (UTC)
 * Good point. [//en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Wiktionary%3ALanguage_treatment&diff=27206187&oldid=26856990 Done]. - -sche (discuss) 17:03, 20 June 2014 (UTC)


text:
價值觀

Noun

 * 1) value system; values

title: 價值觀


text: 价值观

title: 价值观


text:
పూత

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) smearing, applying, application.
 * 2) A coating or coat, a layer.

title: పూత


text: jiàzhíguān

title: jiàzhíguān


text:
道德準則

Noun

 * 1) moral code

title: 道德準則


text: 道德准则

title: 道德准则


text: పూఁత

title: పూఁత


text: dàodé zhǔnzé

title: dàodé zhǔnzé


text: moral codes

title: moral codes


text: world views

title: world views


text:
qunqay

Noun

 * 1) the act of forgetting

Verb

 * 1)  to forget

title: qunqay


text:
世界觀

Noun

 * 1) worldview; world outlook

Noun

 * : worldview

title: 世界觀


text:
превышать

Verb

 * 1) to exceed

title: превышать


text:
превысить

Verb

 * 1) to exceed

title: превысить


text:
asnay

Noun

 * 1) stench, stink

Verb

 * 1)  to stink, smell (bad)

title: asnay


text:
aspiy

Verb

 * 1)  to scratch, scrape
 * 2)  to dig out
 * 3)  to scratch oneself

title: aspiy


text:
спрос

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  asking the action of the verb to спрашивать, спросить
 * 2) demand (for something), market
 * 3) demand (for responsibility)
 * 1) demand (for responsibility)
 * 1) demand (for responsibility)
 * 1) demand (for responsibility)
 * 1) demand (for responsibility)
 * 1) demand (for responsibility)

title: спрос


text:
финансирование

Noun

 * 1) funding, financing money provided as funds or the act of funding

title: финансирование


text:
lassâ

Etymology
From, present active infinitive of. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to leave
 * 2)  to let, allow
 * 3)  to drop out

title: lassâ


text:
տապալել

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1)  to throw down, to throw to the ground
 * 2)  to sabotage, to wreck, to subvert
 * 3)  to destroy, to demolish, to ruin
 * 4)  to demote, to depose, to dethrone
 * 5)  to kill

title: տապալել


text: 世界观

title: 世界观


text: shìjièguān

title: shìjièguān


text: крупнейший

title: крупнейший


text: Shìjiè Rénquán Xuānyán

title: Shìjiè Rénquán Xuānyán


text:
сохранение

Noun

 * 1) preservation, conservation the act of preserving, conserving
 * 2) saving e.g. a computer file
 * 3) safe-keeping

title: сохранение


text:
tonoo'tcim

Noun

 * 1)  undertaker, gravedigger
 * 2)  male-bodied person who dresses and lives as a woman

Usage notes

 * Use of this term as a reference to the people who in English have come to be termed "two-spirits" was due to the fact that such people traditionally worked as gravediggers, embalmers and professional mourners among the Yokuts.
 * Compare Tachi Yokuts tonochim, Palewyami Yokuts tonocim.

title: tonoo'tcim


text:
муниципальный

Adjective

 * 1) municipal relating to a city

title: муниципальный


text:
מעריב

Etymology
Originated in Mediaeval Hebrew in Ashkenazic communities, based on the prominence of this word in the prayer.

Proper noun

 * , the evening prayer service

title: מעריב


text: T-Rex

title: T-Rex


text:
ndéʼsdzan

Etymology
+

Noun

 * 1) male-bodied two-spirit

title: ndéʼsdzan


text:
జాబిల్లి

Etymology

 * literally "graceful cat", which the full moon resembles.

Noun

 * 1) the Moon; Earth's natural satellite

title: జాబిల్లి


text: T. Rex

title: T. Rex


text:
జాబిలి

Noun

 * 1)  moon

title: జాబిలి


text:
得了

Adverb

 * 1)  capable of; can

Adjective

 * 1)  awful; can't handle

Interjection

 * 1)  all right!; OK!; well then; yeah!
 * 2)  c'mon!; that's enough!

Verb

 * 1) to be finished; to be over; to be done with

title: 得了


title: dim1


text: déliǎo

title: déliǎo


text: dé le

title: dé le


title: dim2


title: dim3


title: dim6


title: din1


title: din6


text: bǔxíshè

title: bǔxíshè


title: din2


text:
了不得

Adjective

 * 1)  wonderful; terrific
 * 2)  serious; critical; severe

Synonyms

Adverb

 * 1)  extremely; awfully; terribly

Usage notes
Used as a complement after.

title: 了不得


title: din3


text: liǎobùdé

title: liǎobùdé


text:
對得起

Verb

 * 1) not to let somebody down; to treat somebody fairly; to be worthy of

title: 對得起


text: 对得起

title: 对得起


text: duìdeqǐ

title: duìdeqǐ


text:
leziune

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) lesion, wound, injury

title: leziune


text:
התרחש

Verb

 * 1) to occur, happen, take place
 * 2) * 2013 October 24, “ארה"ב: החלה הריסת בית הספר בניוטאון שבו התרחש הטבח” (arháv: hekhéla harisát beit haséfer binyútawn shebó hitrakhésh hatévakh, “U.S.: Demolition has begun of the school in Newtown where the massacre took place”), Ynet.

title: התרחש


text: Category:Hebrew ע״ח hitpa'el verbs

title: Category:Hebrew ע״ח hitpa'el verbs


title: ding6


text:
Rufmord

Noun

 * 1) calumny, character assassination

title: Rufmord


title: dong2


text: 头叉

title: 头叉


title: dip6


title: dit3


text:
ocazie

Etymology
,.

Noun

 * 1) occasion

title: ocazie


text:
多虧

Verb

 * 1) luckily; it is fortunate that; thanks to

title: 多虧


text: 多亏

title: 多亏


text: duōkuī

title: duōkuī


text:
urăciune

Etymology
From. Cf. also Latin, whence Romanian , possibly a doublet, was borrowed. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) blessing

title: urăciune


text:
తేలించు

Verb

 * 1) To cause to float.
 * 2) To bring up or produce.
 * 3) To accomplish, do, achieve, perform.
 * 4) To fulfil.
 * 5) To glance, as applied to the eyes.

title: తేలించు


text: grootmoeders

title: grootmoeders


text: grootmoedertje

title: grootmoedertje


text: grootmoedertjes

title: grootmoedertjes


text: juweeltje

title: juweeltje


text: juweeltjes

title: juweeltjes


text:
కొండకోనేరు

Etymology
From.

title: కొండకోనేరు


text: apneisti

title: apneisti


text: aracnologi

title: aracnologi


text: avvocate

title: avvocate


text: berrettini

title: berrettini


text: biatleti

title: biatleti


text: boccisti

title: boccisti


text: combinatisti

title: combinatisti


text: commediografe

title: commediografe


text: crickettisti

title: crickettisti


text: crittanalisti

title: crittanalisti


text: filantrope

title: filantrope


text: gironcini

title: gironcini


text: motomondiali

title: motomondiali


text: orientisti

title: orientisti


text: pallamanisti

title: pallamanisti


text: protovescovi

title: protovescovi


text: promesse di marinaio

title: promesse di marinaio


text: incidenti di percorso

title: incidenti di percorso


text: bahreiniti

title: bahreiniti


text: bahreinite

title: bahreinite


text: berrettina

title: berrettina


text: berrettine

title: berrettine


text: bicolana

title: bicolana


text: bicolani

title: bicolani


text: bicolane

title: bicolane


text: botswana

title: botswana


text: botswani

title: botswani


text: botswane

title: botswane


text: carboneresi

title: carboneresi


text: cookesi

title: cookesi


text: emiratina

title: emiratina


text: emiratini

title: emiratini


text: emiratine

title: emiratine


text: liechtensteinesi

title: liechtensteinesi


text: mercedaria

title: mercedaria


text: mercedari

title: mercedari


text: mercedarie

title: mercedarie


text: portoelpidiensi

title: portoelpidiensi


text: sanvincentina

title: sanvincentina


text: sanvincentini

title: sanvincentini


text: sanvincentine

title: sanvincentine


text: seychellesi

title: seychellesi


text: sierraleonesi

title: sierraleonesi


text: simbionesi

title: simbionesi


text: sismothérapies

title: sismothérapies


text: blanquistes

title: blanquistes


text: hémiones

title: hémiones


text: cousin germains

title: cousin germains


text: cousine germaines

title: cousine germaines


text: sodas club

title: sodas club


text: eaux toniques

title: eaux toniques


text: britanno-colombienne

title: britanno-colombienne


text: britanno-colombiens

title: britanno-colombiens


text: britanno-colombiennes

title: britanno-colombiennes


text:
morjo

Etymology
,.

Noun

 * 1)  sea

title: morjo


text: encantações

title: encantações


text: globos de neve

title: globos de neve


text: reynos

title: reynos


text: cus de Judas

title: cus de Judas


text: janellas

title: janellas


text: aletrias

title: aletrias


text: ventãs

title: ventãs


text: janelões

title: janelões


text: janelos

title: janelos


text: janelinhas

title: janelinhas


text: janeleiros

title: janeleiros


text: tios-avôs

title: tios-avôs


text: trisavôs

title: trisavôs


text: Jecken

title: Jecken


text: controlos remotos

title: controlos remotos


text: Jecks

title: Jecks


text: controles remotos

title: controles remotos


text: intercambiáveis

title: intercambiáveis


text: baldaquinos

title: baldaquinos


text: painços

title: painços


text: trajes espaciais

title: trajes espaciais


text: fatos espaciais

title: fatos espaciais


text: Geißböcke

title: Geißböcke


text: Geißböcken

title: Geißböcken


text: Geißbocks

title: Geißbocks


text: Geißbockes

title: Geißbockes


text: Rufmorde

title: Rufmorde


text: Rufmorden

title: Rufmorden


text: Rufmords

title: Rufmords


text: Rufmordes

title: Rufmordes


text: genotypetje

title: genotypetje


text: genotypetjes

title: genotypetjes


text:
steck

Etymology
From, from , , from , , from , from.

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. . See also.

Noun

 * 1)  A piece or an item.

title: steck


text: anjerenses

title: anjerenses


text: anjerensia

title: anjerensia


text: anjerensium

title: anjerensium


text: anjerensi

title: anjerensi


text: anjerensibus

title: anjerensibus


text: anjerensem

title: anjerensem


text: atripectorale

title: atripectorale


text: atripectorales

title: atripectorales


text: atripectoralia

title: atripectoralia


text: atripectoralium

title: atripectoralium


text: atripectorali

title: atripectorali


text: atripectoralibus

title: atripectoralibus


text: atripectoralem

title: atripectoralem


text: brachypedes

title: brachypedes


text: brachypedia

title: brachypedia


text: brachypedis

title: brachypedis


text: brachypedium

title: brachypedium


text: brachypedi

title: brachypedi


text: brachypedibus

title: brachypedibus


text: brachypedem

title: brachypedem


text: bransfieldense

title: bransfieldense


text: fuscicolles

title: fuscicolles


text: fuscicollia

title: fuscicollia


text: fuscicollium

title: fuscicollium


text: fuscicolli

title: fuscicolli


text: fuscicollibus

title: fuscicollibus


text: fuscicollem

title: fuscicollem


text: pikermiense

title: pikermiense


text: pikermienses

title: pikermienses


text: pikermiensia

title: pikermiensia


text: pikermiensium

title: pikermiensium


text: pikermiensi

title: pikermiensi


text: pikermiensibus

title: pikermiensibus


text: pikermiensem

title: pikermiensem


text: kaktuser

title: kaktuser


text: kaktusene

title: kaktusene


text: janelares

title: janelares


text: janelarmos

title: janelarmos


text: janelardes

title: janelardes


text: janelarem

title: janelarem


text: janelando

title: janelando


text: janelado

title: janelado


text: janelados

title: janelados


text: janelada

title: janelada


text: janeladas

title: janeladas


text: janelamos

title: janelamos


text: janelais

title: janelais


text: janelam

title: janelam


text: janelava

title: janelava


text: janelavas

title: janelavas


text: janelávamos

title: janelávamos


text: janeláveis

title: janeláveis


text: janelavam

title: janelavam


text: janelei

title: janelei


text: janelaste

title: janelaste


text: janelou

title: janelou


text: janelámos

title: janelámos


text: janelastes

title: janelastes


text: janelaram

title: janelaram


text: janelara

title: janelara


text: janelaras

title: janelaras


text: janeláramos

title: janeláramos


text: janeláreis

title: janeláreis


text: janelarei

title: janelarei


text: janelarás

title: janelarás


text: janelará

title: janelará


text: janelaremos

title: janelaremos


text: janelareis

title: janelareis


text: janelarão

title: janelarão


text: janelaria

title: janelaria


text: janelarias

title: janelarias


text: janelaríamos

title: janelaríamos


text: janelaríeis

title: janelaríeis


text: janelariam

title: janelariam


text: janele

title: janele


text: janeles

title: janeles


text: janelemos

title: janelemos